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Le NT, Dunleavy MW, Kumar RD, Zhou W, Bhatia SS, El-Hashash AH. Cellular therapies for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: current progress and future prospects. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF STEM CELLS 2024; 13:191-211. [PMID: 39308764 PMCID: PMC11411253 DOI: 10.62347/daks5508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial, fibrotic lung disease characterized by progressive damage. Lung tissues with IPF are replaced by fibrotic tissues with increased collagen deposition, modified extracellular matrix, all which overall damages the alveoli. These changes eventually impede the gas exchange function of the alveoli, and eventually leads to fatal respiratory failure of the lung. Investigations have been conducted to further understand IPF's pathogenesis, and significant progress in understanding its development has been made. Additionally, two therapeutic treatments, Nintedanib and Pirfenidone, have been approved and are currently used in medical applications. Moreover, cell-based treatments have recently come to the forefront of developing disease therapeutics and are the focus of many current studies. Furthermore, a sizable body of research encompassing basic, pre-clinical, and even clinical trials have all been amassed in recent years and hold a great potential for more widespread applications in patient care. Herein, this article reviews the progress in understanding the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of IPF. Additionally, different cell types used in IPF therapy were reviewed, including alveolar epithelial cells (AECs), circulating endothelial progenitors (EPCs), mixed lung epithelial cells, different types of stem cells, and endogenous lung tissue-specific stem cells. Finally, we discussed the contemporary trials that employ or explore cell-based therapy for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas T Le
- Biology Department, Texas A&M University College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Rebecca D Kumar
- Biology Department, Texas A&M University College Station, TX, USA
| | - William Zhou
- The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX, USA
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Attia SH, Saadawy SF, El-Mahroky SM, Nageeb MM. Alleviation of pulmonary fibrosis by the dual PPAR agonist saroglitazar and breast milk mesenchymal stem cells via modulating TGFß/SMAD pathway. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:5953-5974. [PMID: 38376539 PMCID: PMC11329427 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a complex disorder with high morbidity and mortality. Limited efficacies of the available drugs drive researchers to seek for new therapies. Saroglitazar (Saro), a full (PPAR α/γ) agonist, is devoid of known PPAR-mediated adverse effects. Breast milk mesenchymal stem cells (BrMSCs) are contemplated to be the ideal cell type harboring differentiation/anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive properties. Accordingly, our aims were to investigate the potential roles of Saro and/or BrMSCs in PF and to spot their underlying protective mechanisms. In this study, PF was induced by bleomycin (BLM) via intratracheal instillation. Treatment started 14 days later. Animals were treated with oral saroglitazar (3 mg/kg daily) or intraperitoneal single BrMSCs injection (0.5 ml phosphate buffer saline (PBS) containing 2 × 107 cells) or their combination with same previous doses. At the work end, 24 h following the 6 weeks of treatment period, the levels of oxidative (MDA, SOD), inflammatory (IL-1ß, IL-10), and profibrotic markers (TGF-ß, αSMA) were assessed. The autophagy-related genes (LC3, Beclin) and the expression of PPAR-α/γ and SMAD-3/7 were evaluated. Furthermore, immunohistochemical and histological work were evaluated. Our study revealed marked lung injury influenced by BLM with severe oxidative/inflammatory/fibrotic damage, autophagy inhibition, and deteriorated lung histology. Saro and BrMSCs repaired the lung structure worsened by BLM. Treatments greatly declined the oxidative/inflammatory markers. The pro-fibrotic TGF-ß, αSMA, and SMAD-3 were decreased. Contrarily, autophagy markers were increased. SMAD-7 and PPAR α/γ were activated denoting their pivotal antifibrotic roles. Co-administration of Saro and BrMSCs revealed the top results. Our findings support the study hypothesis that Saro and BrMSCs can be proposed as potential treatments for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seba Hassan Attia
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Sara F Saadawy
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samaa M El-Mahroky
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahitab M Nageeb
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Taherian M, Bayati P, Mojtabavi N. Stem cell-based therapy for fibrotic diseases: mechanisms and pathways. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:170. [PMID: 38886859 PMCID: PMC11184790 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03782-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological process, that could result in permanent scarring and impairment of the physiological function of the affected organ; this condition which is categorized under the term organ failure could affect various organs in different situations. The involvement of the major organs, such as the lungs, liver, kidney, heart, and skin, is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality across the world. Fibrotic disorders encompass a broad range of complications and could be traced to various illnesses and impairments; these could range from simple skin scars with beauty issues to severe rheumatologic or inflammatory disorders such as systemic sclerosis as well as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Besides, the overactivation of immune responses during any inflammatory condition causing tissue damage could contribute to the pathogenic fibrotic events accompanying the healing response; for instance, the inflammation resulting from tissue engraftment could cause the formation of fibrotic scars in the grafted tissue, even in cases where the immune system deals with hard to clear infections, fibrotic scars could follow and cause severe adverse effects. A good example of such a complication is post-Covid19 lung fibrosis which could impair the life of the affected individuals with extensive lung involvement. However, effective therapies that halt or slow down the progression of fibrosis are missing in the current clinical settings. Considering the immunomodulatory and regenerative potential of distinct stem cell types, their application as an anti-fibrotic agent, capable of attenuating tissue fibrosis has been investigated by many researchers. Although the majority of the studies addressing the anti-fibrotic effects of stem cells indicated their potent capabilities, the underlying mechanisms, and pathways by which these cells could impact fibrotic processes remain poorly understood. Here, we first, review the properties of various stem cell types utilized so far as anti-fibrotic treatments and discuss the challenges and limitations associated with their applications in clinical settings; then, we will summarize the general and organ-specific mechanisms and pathways contributing to tissue fibrosis; finally, we will describe the mechanisms and pathways considered to be employed by distinct stem cell types for exerting anti-fibrotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Taherian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paria Bayati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Mojtabavi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Nakamura Y, Niho S, Shimizu Y. Cell-Based Therapy for Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases, Current Status, and Potential Applications of iPSC-Derived Cells. Cells 2024; 13:893. [PMID: 38891026 PMCID: PMC11172081 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (FILDs), e.g., due to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), are chronic progressive diseases with a poor prognosis. The management of these diseases is challenging and focuses mainly on the suppression of progression with anti-fibrotic drugs. Therefore, novel FILD treatments are needed. In recent years, cell-based therapy with various stem cells has been investigated for FILD, and the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been widely reported and clinical studies are also ongoing. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have also been reported to have an anti-fibrotic effect in FILD; however, these have not been as well studied as MSCs in terms of the mechanisms and side effects. While MSCs show a potent anti-fibrotic effect, the possibility of quality differences between donors and a stable supply in the case of donor shortage or reduced proliferative capacity after cell passaging needs to be considered. The application of iPSC-derived cells has the potential to overcome these problems and may lead to consistent quality of the cell product and stable product supply. This review provides an overview of iPSCs and FILD, followed by the current status of cell-based therapy for FILD, and then discusses the possibilities and perspectives of FILD therapy with iPSC-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nakamura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Japan; (Y.N.); (S.N.)
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University Hospital, Mibu 321-0293, Japan
| | - Seiji Niho
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Japan; (Y.N.); (S.N.)
| | - Yasuo Shimizu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Japan; (Y.N.); (S.N.)
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University Hospital, Mibu 321-0293, Japan
- Respiratory Endoscopy Center, Dokkyo Medical University Hospital, Mibu 321-0293, Japan
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5
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Ahmed HH, Essam RM, El-Yamany MF, Ahmed KA, El-Sahar AE. Unleashing lactoferrin's antidepressant potential through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in chronic restraint stress rats. Food Funct 2023; 14:9265-9278. [PMID: 37767889 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02222f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a widespread neuropsychiatric illness whose etiology is yet mysterious. Lactoferrin (LF), an iron-binding glycoprotein, is reported to promote neuroprotection through its role in the modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation. The objective of the present research was to evaluate the efficacy of LF against chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced depressive behavior in rats. Depression was evidenced by a reduced grooming time in the splash test and an increased immobility time in the tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST). This effect was also accompanied by reduced GSH and serotonin levels and elevated lipid peroxidation and corticosterone levels in the hippocampus. Additionally, an exaggerated hippocampal inflammatory response was also shown by a rise in NF-κB (p65) and TNF-α levels and a reduced IL-10 level. Moreover, CRS substantially reduced the BDNF content as well as the protein levels of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR while boosting the GSK3β content. Interestingly, LF therapy significantly improved CRS-induced behavioral and biochemical aberrations, an effect which was suppressed upon pretreatment with LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor). This suggests that the antidepressant potential of LF may be mediated through the modulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Furthermore, LF succeeded in restoring 5-HT and corticosterone levels, diminishing oxidative stress and ameliorating the inflammatory cascades. Therefore, and for the first time, LF might serve as a promising antidepressant drug through targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan H Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq
| | - Reham M Essam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo, University, Cairo, Egypt.
- Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Muhammed F El-Yamany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo, University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman E El-Sahar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo, University, Cairo, Egypt.
- Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, Egypt
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Abd-Elmawla MA, Ghaiad HR, Gad ES, Ahmed KA, Abdelmonem M. Suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome by ivermectin ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2023; 24:723-733. [PMID: 37551558 PMCID: PMC10423969 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2200385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Ivermectin is a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antiparasitic agent with antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. Although recent studies reported the possible anti-inflammatory activity of ivermectin in respiratory injuries, its potential therapeutic effect on pulmonary fibrosis (PF) has not been investigated. This study aimed to explore the ability of ivermectin (0.6 mg/kg) to alleviate bleomycin-induced biochemical derangements and histological changes in an experimental PF rat model. This can provide the means to validate the clinical utility of ivermectin as a treatment option for idiopathic PF. The results showed that ivermectin mitigated the bleomycin-evoked pulmonary injury, as manifested by the reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells, as well as decreased the inflammation and fibrosis scores. Intriguingly, ivermectin decreased collagen fiber deposition and suppressed transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and fibronectin protein expression, highlighting its anti-fibrotic activity. This study revealed for the first time that ivermectin can suppress the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, as manifested by the reduced gene expression of NLRP3 and the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), with a subsequent decline in the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) level. In addition, ivermectin inhibited the expression of intracellular nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and hypoxia‑inducible factor‑1α (HIF-1α) proteins along with lowering the oxidative stress and apoptotic markers. Altogether, this study revealed that ivermectin could ameliorate pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis induced by bleomycin. These beneficial effects were mediated, at least partly, via the downregulation of TGF-β1 and fibronectin, as well as the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome through modulating the expression of HIF‑1α and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai A Abd-Elmawla
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Heba R Ghaiad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Enas S Gad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Ismailia 45511, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 12211, Egypt
| | - Maha Abdelmonem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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7
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Ghaiad HR, Ali SO, Al-Mokaddem AK, Abdelmonem M. Regulation of PKC/TLR-4/NF-kB signaling by sulbutiamine improves diabetic nephropathy in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 381:110544. [PMID: 37224990 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
One of the serious complications of diabetes mellitus is diabetic nephropathy (DN) which may finally lead to renal failure. The current study aimed to explore the effect of sulbutiamine, a synthetic derivative of vitamin B1, in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN and related pathways. Experimental DN was successfully induced 8 weeks after a single low dose of STZ (45 mg/kg, I.P.). Four groups of rats were used in this study and divided randomly into: control group, diabetic group, sulbutiamine control (control + sulbutiamine) group, and sulbutiamine-treated (60 mg/kg) (diabetic + sulbutiamine) group. The fasting blood glucose level (BGL) and the levels of kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1), urea, creatinine in serum, and the renal content of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein kinase C (PKC), toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were determined. Additionally, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) contents were evaluated immunohistochemically. Sulbutiamine treatment decreased fasting BGL and improved the kidney function tests compared to diabetic rats. Moreover, TLR-4, NF-κB, MDA and PKC contents were substantially reduced following sulbutiamine treatment compared to the diabetic group. Sulbutiamine managed to obstruct the production of the pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IL-1β and suppressed TGF-β1 level, in addition to attenuating the histopathological changes associated with DN. This study revealed, for the first time, the ability of sulbutiamine to ameliorate STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. This nephroprotective outcome of sulbutiamine against DN may be attributed to glycemic control in addition to its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba R Ghaiad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Shimaa O Ali
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa K Al-Mokaddem
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Maha Abdelmonem
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Abd-Elmawla MA, Essam RM, Ahmed KA, Abdelmonem M. Implication of Wnt/GSK-3β/β-Catenin Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Mood Disturbances Associated with Hyperthyroidism in Rats: Potential Therapeutic Effect of Naringin. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 37196197 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with hyperthyroidism are commonly diagnosed with mood disorders. Naringin, (4',5,7-trihydrocyflavanone-7-O-rhamnoglucoside), a natural bioflavonoid, has many neurobehavioral activities including anxiolytic and antidepressant properties. The role of Wingless (Wnt) signaling in psychiatric disorders is considered substantial but debatable. Recently, regulation of Wnt signaling by naringin has been reported in different disorders. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the possible role of Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling in hyperthyroidism-induced mood disturbances and explore the therapeutic effects of naringin. Hyperthyroidism was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of 0.3 mg/kg levothyroxine for 2 weeks. Naringin was orally administered to rats with hyperthyroidism at a dose of 50 or 100 mg/kg for 2 weeks. Hyperthyroidism induced mood alterations as revealed by behavioral tests and histopathological changes including marked necrosis and vacuolation of neurons in the hippocampus and cerebellum. Intriguingly, hyperthyroidism activated Wnt/p-GSK-3β/β-catenin/DICER1/miR-124 signaling pathway in the hippocampus along with an elevation in serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenaline contents and a reduction in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) content. Additionally, hyperthyroidism induced upregulation of cyclin D-1 expression, malondialdehyde (MDA) elevation, and glutathione (GSH) reduction. Naringin treatment alleviated behavioral and histopathological alterations and reversed hyperthyroidism-induced biochemical changes. In conclusion, this study revealed, for the first time, that hyperthyroidism could affect mental status by stimulating Wnt/p-GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling in the hippocampus. The observed beneficial effects of naringin could be attributed to increasing hippocampal BDNF, controlling the expression of Wnt/p-GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling as well as its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai A Abd-Elmawla
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham M Essam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Biology, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, First 6th of October, Giza 3296121, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Abdelmonem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
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Brütsch SM, Madzharova E, Pantasis S, Wüstemann T, Gurri S, Steenbock H, Gazdhar A, Kuhn G, Angel P, Bellusci S, Brinckmann J, Auf dem Keller U, Werner S, Bordoli MR. Mesenchyme-derived vertebrate lonesome kinase controls lung organogenesis by altering the matrisome. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:89. [PMID: 36920550 PMCID: PMC10017657 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04735-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate lonesome kinase (VLK) is the only known secreted tyrosine kinase and responsible for the phosphorylation of a broad range of secretory pathway-resident and extracellular matrix proteins. However, its cell-type specific functions in vivo are still largely unknown. Therefore, we generated mice lacking the VLK gene (protein kinase domain containing, cytoplasmic (Pkdcc)) in mesenchymal cells. Most of the homozygous mice died shortly after birth, most likely as a consequence of their lung abnormalities and consequent respiratory failure. E18.5 embryonic lungs showed a reduction of alveolar type II cells, smaller bronchi, and an increased lung tissue density. Global mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics identified 97 proteins with significantly and at least 1.5-fold differential abundance between genotypes. Twenty-five of these had been assigned to the extracellular region and 15 to the mouse matrisome. Specifically, fibromodulin and matrilin-4, which are involved in extracellular matrix organization, were significantly more abundant in lungs from Pkdcc knockout embryos. These results support a role for mesenchyme-derived VLK in lung development through regulation of matrix dynamics and the resulting modulation of alveolar epithelial cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome M Brütsch
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elizabeta Madzharova
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sophia Pantasis
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Till Wüstemann
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Selina Gurri
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heiko Steenbock
- Institute of Virology and Cell Biology, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Amiq Gazdhar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gisela Kuhn
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Angel
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- German Lung Research Center (DCL), Giessen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Brinckmann
- Institute of Virology and Cell Biology, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ulrich Auf dem Keller
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Sabine Werner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Mattia R Bordoli
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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10
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Mehrabani M, Mohammadyar S, Rajizadeh MA, Bejeshk MA, Ahmadi B, Nematollahi MH, Mirtajaddini Goki M, Bahrampour Juybari K, Amirkhosravi A. Boosting therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells in pulmonary fibrosis: The role of genetic modification and preconditioning strategies. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:1001-1015. [PMID: 37605719 PMCID: PMC10440137 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.69023.15049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is the end stage of severe lung diseases, in which the lung parenchyma is replaced by fibrous scar tissue. The result is a remarkable reduction in pulmonary compliance, which may lead to respiratory failure and even death. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most prevalent form of PF, with no reasonable etiology. However, some factors are believed to be behind the etiology of PF, including prolonged administration of several medications (e.g., bleomycin and amiodarone), environmental contaminant exposure (e.g., gases, asbestos, and silica), and certain systemic diseases (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus). Despite significant developments in the diagnostic approach to PF in the last few years, efforts to find more effective treatments remain challenging. With their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic properties, stem cells may provide a promising approach for treating a broad spectrum of fibrotic conditions. However, they may lose their biological functions after long-term in vitro culture or exposure to harsh in vivo situations. To overcome these limitations, numerous modification techniques, such as genetic modification, preconditioning, and optimization of cultivation methods for stem cell therapy, have been adopted. Herein, we summarize the previous investigations that have been designed to assess the effects of stem cell preconditioning or genetic modification on the regenerative capacity of stem cells in PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Mehrabani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sohaib Mohammadyar
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Rajizadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbas Bejeshk
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Bahareh Ahmadi
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | | | - Kobra Bahrampour Juybari
- Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Arian Amirkhosravi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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11
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El-Hela AA, Hegazy MM, Abbass HS, Ahmed AH, Bakr MSA, Elkousy RH, Ibrahim AE, El Deeb S, Sayed OM, Gad ES. Dinebra retroflexa Herbal Phytotherapy: A Simulation Study Based on Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis Retraction Potential in Swiss Albino Rats. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:1719. [PMID: 36556921 PMCID: PMC9782064 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58121719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Fibrotic lung disease is one of the main complications of many medical conditions. Therefore, the use of anti-fibrotic agents may provide a chance to prevent, or at least modify, such complication. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective pulmonary anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects of Dinebra retroflexa. Materials and methods: Dinebra retroflexa methanolic extract and its synthesized silver nanoparticles were tested on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (5 mg/5 mL/kg-Saline) as a supposed model for induced lung fibrosis. The weed evaluation was performed by intratracheal instillation of Dinebra retroflexa methanolic extract and its silver nanoparticles (35 mg/100 mL/kg-DMSO, single dose). Results: The results showed that both Dinebra retroflexa methanolic extract and its silver nanoparticles had a significant pulmonary fibrosis retraction potential, with Ashcroft scores of three and one, respectively, and degrees of collagen deposition reduction of 33.8 and 46.1%, respectively. High-resolution UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS metabolic profiling and colorimetrically polyphenolic quantification were performed for further confirmation and explanation of the represented effects. Such activity was believed to be due to the tentative identification of twenty-seven flavonoids and one phenolic acid along with a phenolic content of 57.8 mg/gm (gallic acid equivalent) and flavonoid content of 22.5 mg/gm (quercetin equivalent). Conclusion: Dinebra retroflexa may be considered as a promising anti-fibrotic agent for people at high risk of complicated lung fibrosis. The results proved that further clinical trials would be recommended to confirm the proposed findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef A. El-Hela
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Boys), Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M. Hegazy
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Boys), Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Hatem S. Abbass
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Boys), Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University—Kantara Branch, Ismailia 41636, Egypt
| | - Amal H. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Marwa S. Abu Bakr
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Rawah H. Elkousy
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Adel Ehab Ibrahim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port-Said University, Port-Said 42511, Egypt
| | - Sami El Deeb
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Braunschweig, 38092 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ossama M. Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University—Kantara Branch, Ismailia 41636, Egypt
| | - Enas S. Gad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf 13890, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University—Kantara Branch, Ismailia 41636, Egypt
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12
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Fytianos K, Schliep R, Mykoniati S, Khan P, Hostettler KE, Tamm M, Gazdhar A, Knudsen L, Geiser T. Anti-Fibrotic Effect of SDF-1β Overexpression in Bleomycin-Injured Rat Lung. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091803. [PMID: 36145551 PMCID: PMC9502331 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rational: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial lung disease and is associated with high mortality due to a lack of effective treatment. Excessive deposition of the extracellular matrix by activated myofibroblasts in the alveolar space leads to scar formation that hinders gas exchange. Therefore, selectively removing activated myofibroblasts with the aim to repair and remodel fibrotic lungs is a promising approach. Stromal-derived growth factor (SDF-1) is known to stimulate cellular signals which attract stem cells to the site of injury for tissue repair and remodeling. Here, we investigate the effect of overexpression of SDF-1β on lung structure using the bleomycin-injured rat lung model. Methods: Intratracheal administration of bleomycin was performed in adult male rats (F344). Seven days later, in vivo electroporation-mediated gene transfer of either SDF-1β or the empty vector was performed. Animals were sacrificed seven days after gene transfer and histology, design-based stereology, flow cytometry, and collagen measurement were performed on the tissue collected. For in vitro experiments, lung fibroblasts obtained from IPF patients were used. Results: Seven days after SDF-1β gene transfer to bleomycin-injured rat lungs, reduced total collagen, reduced collagen fibrils, improved histology and induced apoptosis of myofibroblasts were observed. Furthermore, it was revealed that TNF-α mediates SDF-1β-induced apoptosis of myofibroblasts; moreover, SDF-1β overexpression increased alveolar epithelial cell numbers and proliferation in vivo and also induced their migration in vitro. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates a new antifibrotic mechanism of SDF-1β overexpression and suggests SDF-1β as a potential new approach for the treatment of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleanthis Fytianos
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ronja Schliep
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hanover, Germany
| | - Sofia Mykoniati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital of Jura, 2800 Delemont, Switzerland
| | - Petra Khan
- Department of Biomedical Research and Clinics of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katrin E. Hostettler
- Department of Biomedical Research and Clinics of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Tamm
- Department of Biomedical Research and Clinics of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amiq Gazdhar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (T.G.)
| | - Lars Knudsen
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hanover, Germany
| | - Thomas Geiser
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (T.G.)
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13
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Meng HF, Jin J, Wang H, Wang LS, Wu CT. Recent advances in the therapeutic efficacy of hepatocyte growth factor gene-modified mesenchymal stem cells in multiple disease settings. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4745-4755. [PMID: 35922965 PMCID: PMC9465188 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is considered a new treatment for a wide range of diseases and injuries, but challenges remain, such as poor survival, homing and engraftment rates, thus limiting the therapeutic efficacy of the transplanted MSCs. Many strategies have been developed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs, such as preconditioning, co-transplantation with graft materials and gene modification. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is secreted by MSCs, which plays an important role in MSC therapy. It has been reported that the modification of the HGF gene is beneficial to the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs, including diseases of the heart, lung, liver, urinary system, bone and skin, lower limb ischaemia and immune-related diseases. This review focused on studies involving HGF/MSCs both in vitro and in vivo. The characteristics of HGF/MSCs were summarized, and the mechanisms of their improved therapeutic efficacy were analysed. Furthermore, some insights are provided for HGF/MSCs' clinical application based on our understanding of the HGF gene and MSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Fang Meng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jide Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chu-Tse Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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14
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Li C. Strengthening regulations, recent advances and remaining barriers in stem cell clinical translation in China: 2015-2021 in review. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106304. [PMID: 35710062 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new regulatory regime is being implemented under strict scrutiny for translation of stem cell medical practices since 2015 in China. The new mode of governance is strengthening to curb the marketing of unproven stem cell therapeutic products. This article begins with a brief historical overview of stem cell research and development and then focuses on the policies and country-level guidelines in the past years for stem cell translational research. This study reveals several key observations on the major progress made and the challenges associated with clinical translation of stem cells in China. Given that stem cells or stem cell-based therapeutic products are already considered as biological 'drugs', this study would be conducive to a better understanding of China's approach to stem cell translational research, marketisation and industrialization in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghai Li
- Stem Cell Program of Clinical Research Center, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, Henan University, 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
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15
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Li C, Wang B. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Progressive Fibrogenic Involvement and Anti-Fibrosis Therapeutic Properties. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:902677. [PMID: 35721482 PMCID: PMC9198494 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.902677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis refers to the connective tissue deposition and stiffness usually as a result of injury. Fibrosis tissue-resident mesenchymal cells, including fibroblasts, myofibroblast, smooth muscle cells, and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), are major players in fibrogenic processes under certain contexts. Acknowledging differentiation potential of MSCs to the aforementioned other types of mesenchymal cell lineages is essential for better understanding of MSCs’ substantial contributions to progressive fibrogenesis. MSCs may represent a potential therapeutic option for fibrosis resolution owing to their unique pleiotropic functions and therapeutic properties. Currently, clinical trial efforts using MSCs and MSC-based products are underway but clinical data collected by the early phase trials are insufficient to offer better support for the MSC-based anti-fibrotic therapies. Given that MSCs are involved in the coagulation through releasing tissue factor, MSCs can retain procoagulant activity to be associated with fibrogenic disease development. Therefore, MSCs’ functional benefits in translational applications need to be carefully balanced with their potential risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghai Li
- Stem Cell Program of Clinical Research Center, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chenghai Li, ; Bin Wang,
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chenghai Li, ; Bin Wang,
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16
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Henriques-Pons A, Beghini DG, Silva VDS, Iwao Horita S, da Silva FAB. Pulmonary Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Mild Cases of COVID-19 Are Dedicated to Proliferation; In Severe Cases, They Control Inflammation, Make Cell Dispersion, and Tissue Regeneration. Front Immunol 2022; 12:780900. [PMID: 35095855 PMCID: PMC8793136 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.780900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells present in virtually all tissues; they have potent self-renewal capacity and differentiate into multiple cell types. For many reasons, these cells are a promising therapeutic alternative to treat patients with severe COVID-19 and pulmonary post-COVID sequelae. These cells are not only essential for tissue regeneration; they can also alter the pulmonary environment through the paracrine secretion of several mediators. They can control or promote inflammation, induce other stem cells differentiation, restrain the virus load, and much more. In this work, we performed single-cell RNA-seq data analysis of MSCs in bronchoalveolar lavage samples from control individuals and COVID-19 patients with mild and severe clinical conditions. When we compared samples from mild cases with control individuals, most genes transcriptionally upregulated in COVID-19 were involved in cell proliferation. However, a new set of genes with distinct biological functions was upregulated when we compared severely affected with mild COVID-19 patients. In this analysis, the cells upregulated genes related to cell dispersion/migration and induced the γ-activated sequence (GAS) genes, probably triggered by IFNGR1 and IFNGR2. Then, IRF-1 was upregulated, one of the GAS target genes, leading to the interferon-stimulated response (ISR) and the overexpression of many signature target genes. The MSCs also upregulated genes involved in the mesenchymal-epithelial transition, virus control, cell chemotaxis, and used the cytoplasmic RNA danger sensors RIG-1, MDA5, and PKR. In a non-comparative analysis, we observed that MSCs from severe cases do not express many NF-κB upstream receptors, such as Toll-like (TLRs) TLR-3, -7, and -8; tumor necrosis factor (TNFR1 or TNFR2), RANK, CD40, and IL-1R1. Indeed, many NF-κB inhibitors were upregulated, including PPP2CB, OPTN, NFKBIA, and FHL2, suggesting that MSCs do not play a role in the "cytokine storm" observed. Therefore, lung MSCs in COVID-19 sense immune danger and act protectively in concert with the pulmonary environment, confirming their therapeutic potential in cell-based therapy for COVID-19. The transcription of MSCs senescence markers is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Henriques-Pons
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniela Gois Beghini
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Samuel Iwao Horita
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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17
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Yanagihara T, Scallan C, Ask K, Kolb MR. Emerging therapeutic targets for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: preclinical progress and therapeutic implications. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:939-948. [PMID: 34784834 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.2006186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease with high associated morbidity and mortality. The therapeutic landscape has significantly changed in the last 20 years with two drugs currently approved that have demonstrated the ability to slow disease progression. Despite these developments, survival in IPF is limited, so there is a major interest in therapeutic targets which could serve to open up new therapeutic avenues. AREAS COVERED We review the most recent information regarding drug targets and therapies currently being investigated in preclinical and early-stage clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION The complex pathogenesis of IPF and variability in disease course and response to therapy highlights the importance of a precision approach to therapy. Novel technologies including transcriptomics and the use of serum biomarkers, will become essential tools to guide future drug development and therapeutic decision making particularly as it pertains to combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyoshi Yanagihara
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hamanomachi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ciaran Scallan
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Research Institute at St Joseph's Healthcare, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kjetil Ask
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Research Institute at St Joseph's Healthcare, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Rj Kolb
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Research Institute at St Joseph's Healthcare, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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18
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of COVID-19, a Promising Future. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102588. [PMID: 34685567 PMCID: PMC8533906 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells present in virtually all tissues; they have a potent self-renewal capacity and can differentiate into multiple cell types. They also affect the ambient tissue by the paracrine secretion of numerous factors in vivo, including the induction of other stem cells’ differentiation. In vitro, the culture media supernatant is named secretome and contains soluble molecules and extracellular vesicles that retain potent biological function in tissue regeneration. MSCs are considered safe for human treatment; their use does not involve ethical issues, as embryonic stem cells do not require genetic manipulation as induced pluripotent stem cells, and after intravenous injection, they are mainly found in the lugs. Therefore, these cells are currently being tested in various preclinical and clinical trials for several diseases, including COVID-19. Several affected COVID-19 patients develop induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated with an uncontrolled inflammatory response. This condition causes extensive damage to the lungs and may leave serious post-COVID-19 sequelae. As the disease may cause systemic alterations, such as thromboembolism and compromised renal and cardiac function, the intravenous injection of MSCs may be a therapeutic alternative against multiple pathological manifestations. In this work, we reviewed the literature about MSCs biology, focusing on their function in pulmonary regeneration and their use in COVID-19 treatment.
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19
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Zhao Y, Yan Z, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Shi J, Li J, Ji F. Effectivity of mesenchymal stem cells for bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and implication for clinical application. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:470. [PMID: 34420515 PMCID: PMC8380478 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02551-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrotic interstitial disease of the lung with poor prognosis and without effective treatment currently. Data from previous coronavirus infections, such as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, as well as current clinical evidence from the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), support that SARS-CoV-2 infection may lead to PF, seriously impacting patient prognosis and quality of life. Therefore, effective prevention and treatment of PF will improve patient prognosis and reduce the overall social and economic burdens. Stem cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have many great advantages, including migration to damaged lung tissue and secretion of various paracrine factors, thereby regulating the permeability of endothelial and epithelial cells, reducing inflammatory response, promoting tissue repair and inhibiting bacterial growth. Clinical trials of MSCs for the treatment of acute lung injury, PF and severe and critically ill COVID-19 are ongoing. The purpose of this study is to systematically review preclinical studies, explored the effectiveness of MSCs in the treatment of bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis and analyze the potential mechanism, combined with clinical trials of current MSCs for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and COVID-19, so as to provide support for clinical research and transformation of MSCs. Searching PubMed and Embase (- 2021.4) identified a total of 36 preclinical studies of MSCs as treatment of BLM-induced acute lung injury and PF in rodent models. Most of the studies showed the MSCs treatment to reduce BLM-induced lung tissue inflammatory response, inflammatory cell infiltration, inflammatory cytokine expression, extracellular matrix production and collagen deposition, and to improve Ashcroft score. The results of present studies indicate that MSCs may serve as a potential therapeutic modality for the treatment of PF, including viral-induced PF and IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyu Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhipeng Yan
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Hospital Affiliated to Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Ying Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Department of Respiratory, The Hospital Affiliated to Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Jingtao Li
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Hospital Affiliated to Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China.
| | - Fanpu Ji
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China. .,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related To Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, China.
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20
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Li DY, Li RF, Sun DX, Pu DD, Zhang YH. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in pulmonary fibrosis: a meta-analysis of preclinical studies. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:461. [PMID: 34407861 PMCID: PMC8371890 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02496-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a devastating disease characterized by remodeling of lung architecture and abnormal deposition of fibroblasts in parenchymal tissue and ultimately results in respiratory failure and death. Preclinical studies suggest that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) administration may be a safe and promising option in treating PF. The objective of our meta-analysis is to assess the efficacy of MSC therapy in preclinical models of PF. METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to March 17, 2021. Studies that assessed the efficacy of MSC therapy to animals with PF were included. The SYRCLE bias risk tool was employed to evaluate the bias of included studies. The primary outcomes included survival rate and pulmonary fibrosis scores. Meta-analysis was conducted via Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager (version 5.4) and Stata 14.0 statistical software. RESULTS A total of 1120 articles were reviewed, of which 24 articles met inclusion criteria. Of these, 12 studies evaluated the survival rate and 20 studies evaluated pulmonary fibrosis scores. Compared to the control group, MSC therapy was associated with an improvement in survival rate (odds ratios (OR) 3.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.06 to 4.67, P < 0.001, I2 = 0%) and a significant reduction in pulmonary fibrosis scores (weighted mean difference (WMD) 2.05, 95% CI -2.58 to -1.51, P < 0.001, I2 = 90%). CONCLUSIONS MSC therapy is a safe and effective method that can significantly improve the survival and pulmonary fibrosis of PF animals. These results provide an important basis for future translational clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Yuan Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-Fang Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650022, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Xiong Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650022, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Dan Pu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Hui Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China. .,The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650022, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Spagnolo P, Kropski JA, Jones MG, Lee JS, Rossi G, Karampitsakos T, Maher TM, Tzouvelekis A, Ryerson CJ. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Disease mechanisms and drug development. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 222:107798. [PMID: 33359599 PMCID: PMC8142468 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive disease of unknown cause characterized by relentless scarring of the lung parenchyma leading to reduced quality of life and earlier mortality. IPF is an age-related disorder, and with the population aging worldwide, the economic burden of IPF is expected to steadily increase in the future. The mechanisms of fibrosis in IPF remain elusive, with favored concepts of disease pathogenesis involving recurrent microinjuries to a genetically predisposed alveolar epithelium, followed by an aberrant reparative response characterized by excessive collagen deposition. Pirfenidone and nintedanib are approved for treatment of IPF based on their ability to slow functional decline and disease progression; however, they do not offer a cure and are associated with tolerability issues. In this review, we critically discuss how cutting-edge research in disease pathogenesis may translate into identification of new therapeutic targets, thus facilitate drug discovery. There is a growing portfolio of treatment options for IPF. However, targeting the multitude of profibrotic cytokines and growth factors involved in disease pathogenesis may require a combination of therapeutic strategies with different mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Spagnolo
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Cardiac Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Mark G Jones
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Joyce S Lee
- University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Giulio Rossi
- Pathology Unit, AUSL della Romagna, St. Maria delle Croci Hospital, Ravenna, Italy
| | | | - Toby M Maher
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and National Institute for Health Research Clinical Research Facility, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Argyrios Tzouvelekis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Christopher J Ryerson
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
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22
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Cai Q, Yin F, Hao L, Jiang W. Research Progress of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Severe COVID-19. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:459-472. [PMID: 33715385 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) refers to a type of pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Sixty million confirmed cases have been reported worldwide until November 29, 2020. Unfortunately, the novel coronavirus is extremely contagious and the mortality rate of severe and critically ill patients is high. Thus, there is no definite and effective treatment in clinical practice except for antiviral therapy and supportive therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are not only characterized by low immunogenicity and homing but also have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulation characteristics. Furthermore, they can inhibit the occurrence and development of a cytokine storm, inhibit lung injury, and exert antipulmonary fibrosis and antioxidative stress, therefore MSC therapy is expected to become one of the effective therapies to treat severe COVID-19. This article will review the possible mechanisms of MSCs in the treatment of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Cai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liming Hao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenhua Jiang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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23
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Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating disease characterized by progressive lung scarring due to unknown injurious stimuli ultimately leading to respiratory failure. Diagnosis is complex and requires a combination of clinical, laboratory, radiological, and histological investigations, along with exclusion of known causes of lung fibrosis. The current understanding of the disease etiology suggests an interaction between genetic factors and epigenetic alterations in susceptible, older individuals. Prognosis is dismal and current treatment options include anti-fibrotic agents that only slow down disease progression and carry considerable side effects that hamper patients' quality of life. Therefore, the need for new, more effective treatments, alone or in combination with existing pharmacotherapy, is sorely needed. Regenerative medicine, the potential use of cell therapies to treat destructive diseases that cause architectural distortion to the target organ, has also emerged as an alternative therapeutic for lung diseases with unfavorable prognosis such as IPF. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC2s) have been used and their safety has been demonstrated. In the case of MSCs, both homogenic and allogeneic sources have been used and both are considered viable options without immunosuppressive therapy, taking into consideration the absence of immunogenicity and HLA response. AEC2s have been used in one trial with promising results but their use requires a deceased donor and immunosuppressive pre-treatment. In this review, we briefly summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of IPF, and the background and rationale for using MSCs or AEC2s as potential treatment options. We list and describe the clinical trials completed to date and provide a comparison of their methods and results as well as a possible way forward.
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24
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van Geffen C, Deißler A, Quante M, Renz H, Hartl D, Kolahian S. Regulatory Immune Cells in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Friends or Foes? Front Immunol 2021; 12:663203. [PMID: 33995390 PMCID: PMC8120991 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.663203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is receiving increasing attention for interstitial lung diseases, as knowledge on its role in fibrosis development and response to therapies is expanding. Uncontrolled immune responses and unbalanced injury-inflammation-repair processes drive the initiation and progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The regulatory immune system plays important roles in controlling pathogenic immune responses, regulating inflammation and modulating the transition of inflammation to fibrosis. This review aims to summarize and critically discuss the current knowledge on the potential role of regulatory immune cells, including mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, regulatory T cells, regulatory B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, we review the emerging role of regulatory immune cells in anti-fibrotic therapy and lung transplantation. A comprehensive understanding of immune regulation could pave the way towards new therapeutic or preventive approaches in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiel van Geffen
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Astrid Deißler
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Quante
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Hartl
- Department of Pediatrics I, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Dominik Hartl, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Saeed Kolahian
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
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25
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Lam G, Zhou Y, Wang JX, Tsui YP. Targeting mesenchymal stem cell therapy for severe pneumonia patients. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:139-154. [PMID: 33708343 PMCID: PMC7933990 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i2.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is the inflammation of the lungs and it is the world's leading cause of death for children under 5 years of age. The latest coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus is a prominent culprit to severe pneumonia. With the pandemic running rampant for the past year, more than 1590000 deaths has occurred worldwide up to December 2020 and are substantially attributable to severe pneumonia and induced cytokine storm. Effective therapeutic approaches in addition to the vaccines and drugs under development are hence greatly sought after. Therapies harnessing stem cells and their derivatives have been established by basic research for their versatile capacity to specifically inhibit inflammation due to pneumonia and prevent alveolar/pulmonary fibrosis while enhancing antibacterial/antiviral immunity, thus significantly alleviating the severe clinical conditions of pneumonia. In recent clinical trials, mesenchymal stem cells have shown effectiveness in reducing COVID-19-associated pneumonia morbidity and mortality; positioning these cells as worthy candidates for combating one of the greatest challenges of our time and shedding light on their prospects as a next-generation therapy to counter future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Lam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Research and Development, Help Therapeutics Co. Ltd., Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia-Xian Wang
- Research and Development, Help Therapeutics Co. Ltd., Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yat-Ping Tsui
- Research and Development, Help Therapeutics Co. Ltd., Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu Province, China.
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26
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Usunier B, Brossard C, L’Homme B, Linard C, Benderitter M, Milliat F, Chapel A. HGF and TSG-6 Released by Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Colon Radiation-Induced Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041790. [PMID: 33670243 PMCID: PMC7916908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a leading cause of death in occidental states. The increasing number of patients with fibrosis requires innovative approaches. Despite the proven beneficial effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy on fibrosis, there is little evidence of their anti-fibrotic effects in colorectal fibrosis. The ability of MSCs to reduce radiation-induced colorectal fibrosis has been studied in vivo in Sprague–Dawley rats. After local radiation exposure, rats were injected with MSCs before an initiation of fibrosis. MSCs mediated a downregulation of fibrogenesis by a control of extra cellular matrix (ECM) turnover. For a better understanding of the mechanisms, we used an in vitro model of irradiated cocultured colorectal fibrosis in the presence of human MSCs. Pro-fibrotic cells in the colon are mainly intestinal fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Intestinal fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells were irradiated and cocultured in the presence of unirradiated MSCs. MSCs mediated a decrease in profibrotic gene expression and proteins secretion. Silencing hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) in MSCs confirmed the complementary effects of these two genes. HGF and TSG-6 limited the progression of fibrosis by reducing activation of the smooth muscle cells and myofibroblast. To settle in vivo the contribution of HGF and TSG-6 in MSC-antifibrotic effects, rats were treated with MSCs silenced for HGF or TSG-6. HGF and TSG-6 silencing in transplanted MSCs resulted in a significant increase in ECM deposition in colon. These results emphasize the potential of MSCs to influence the pathophysiology of fibrosis-related diseases, which represent a challenging area for innovative treatments.
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27
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Gad ES, Salama AAA, El-Shafie MF, Arafa HMM, Abdelsalam RM, Khattab M. The Anti-fibrotic and Anti-inflammatory Potential of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Nintedanib in Bleomycin-Induced Lung Fibrosis in Rats. Inflammation 2020; 43:123-134. [PMID: 31646446 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung disease characterized by progressive lung damage. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are approved to treat people with IPF while bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy was previously suggested to inhibit pulmonary fibrosis through the alveolar epithelial cell repair. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effect of the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) therapy in comparison with nintedanib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on improving survival in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in rats. Moreover, the combined therapy of BM-MSCs and nintedanib will be evaluated. In the present study, IPF was induced through intra-tracheal instillation of bleomycin (5 mg/kg) in rats then treatments were administered 14 days thereafter. Nintedanib (100 mg/kg, I.P.) was administered daily for 28 days, while BM-MSCs were injected once intravenously in tail vein in the dose 1 × 106 cells/ml/rat. In the present study, both treatment regimens effectively inhibited lung fibrosis through several pathways, suppressing tumor growth factor-β (TGF-β)/SMAD3 expression which is considered the master signaling pathway. Nintedanib and BLM-MSCs exerted their anti-inflammatory effect through minimizing the expression of TNF-α and IL-6. In addition, the histopathological examination of the lung tissue showed a significant decrease in the alveolar wall thickening, in the inflammatory infiltrate, and in the collagen fiber deposition in response to either nintedanib or BM-MSC and their combination. In conclusion, the therapeutic pulmonary anti-fibrotic activity of nintedanib or BM-MSC is mediated through their anti-inflammatory properties and inhibition of SMAD-3/TGF-β expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Gad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - A A A Salama
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M F El-Shafie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H M M Arafa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahram Canadian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - R M Abdelsalam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Khattab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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28
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LaRivière WB, Liao S, McMurtry SA, Oshima K, Han X, Zhang F, Yan S, Haeger SM, Ransom M, Bastarache JA, Linhardt RJ, Schmidt EP, Yang Y. Alveolar heparan sulfate shedding impedes recovery from bleomycin-induced lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L1198-L1210. [PMID: 32320623 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00063.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary epithelial glycocalyx, an anionic cell surface layer enriched in glycosaminoglycans such as heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate, contributes to the alveolar barrier. Direct injury to the pulmonary epithelium induces shedding of heparan sulfate into the air space; the impact of this shedding on recovery after lung injury is unknown. Using mass spectrometry, we found that heparan sulfate was shed into the air space for up to 3 wk after intratracheal bleomycin-induced lung injury and coincided with induction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including MMP2. Delayed inhibition of metalloproteinases, beginning 7 days after bleomycin using the nonspecific MMP inhibitor doxycycline, attenuated heparan sulfate shedding and improved lung function, suggesting that heparan sulfate shedding may impair lung recovery. While we also observed an increase in air space heparanase activity after bleomycin, pharmacological and transgenic inhibition of heparanase in vivo failed to attenuate heparan sulfate shedding or protect against bleomycin-induced lung injury. However, experimental augmentation of airway heparanase activity significantly worsened post-bleomycin outcomes, confirming the importance of epithelial glycocalyx integrity to lung recovery. We hypothesized that MMP-associated heparan sulfate shedding contributed to delayed lung recovery, in part, by the release of large, highly sulfated fragments that sequestered lung-reparative growth factors such as hepatocyte growth factor. In vitro, heparan sulfate bound hepatocyte growth factor and attenuated growth factor signaling, suggesting that heparan sulfate shed into the air space after injury may directly impair lung repair. Accordingly, administration of exogenous heparan sulfate to mice after bleomycin injury increased the likelihood of death due to severe lung dysfunction. Together, our findings demonstrate that alveolar epithelial heparan sulfate shedding impedes lung recovery after bleomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B LaRivière
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - S Liao
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - S A McMurtry
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - K Oshima
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - X Han
- Department of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - F Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - S Yan
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - S M Haeger
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - M Ransom
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - J A Bastarache
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - R J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - E P Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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29
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Yanagihara T, Sato S, Upagupta C, Kolb M. What have we learned from basic science studies on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis? Eur Respir Rev 2019; 28:28/153/190029. [PMID: 31511255 PMCID: PMC9488501 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0029-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal age-related lung disease characterised by progressive and irreversible scarring of the lung. Although the details are not fully understood, there has been tremendous progress in understanding the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, which has led to the identification of many new potential therapeutic targets. In this review we discuss several of these advances with a focus on genetic susceptibility and cellular senescence primarily affecting epithelial cells, activation of profibrotic pathways, disease-enhancing fibrogenic cell types and the role of the remodelled extracellular matrix. This review provides a summary of the most important findings in basic science investigations in pulmonary fibrosis and how they affect drug development and future patient management.http://bit.ly/2RjGMFZ
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyoshi Yanagihara
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Research Institute at St Joseph's Healthcare, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Seidai Sato
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Chandak Upagupta
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Research Institute at St Joseph's Healthcare, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Kolb
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Research Institute at St Joseph's Healthcare, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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30
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Lu Q, El-Hashash AHK. Cell-based therapy for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Stem Cell Investig 2019; 6:22. [PMID: 31559309 PMCID: PMC6737434 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2019.06.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an example of interstitial lung diseases that is characterized by chronic, progressive, and fibrotic lung injuries. During lung fibrosis, normal healthy lung tissues are replaced by remarkably destroyed alveolar architecture and altered extracellular cell matrix. These changes eventually cause severe disruption of the tightly-controlled gas exchange process and reduction of lung compliance that ultimately lead to both respiratory failure and death. In the last decade, progress has been made toward understanding the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, and two novel disease-modifying therapies were approved. However, finding more effective treatments for pulmonary fibrosis is still a challenge, with its incidence continues to increase globally, which is associated with significantly high mortality, morbidity and economical healthcare burden. Different stem cell types have recently emerged as a promising therapy for human diseases, including lung fibrosis, with numerous studies on the identification, characterization, proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. A large body of both basic and pre-clinical research on stem cells has been recently translated to patient care worldwide. Herein, we review recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of IPF, and types of cells used in IPF cell-based therapies, including alveolar and mixed lung epithelial cells, different stem cell types (MSCs, ADSCs, IPSCs…etc.), endogenous lung tissue-specific stem cells, and circulating endothelial progenitors (EPCs). We also discuss recent studies on the applications of these cells in IPF therapy and their delivery routes, effective doses for cell therapy, and timing of delivery. Finally, we discuss attractive recent and current clinical trials conducted on cell-based therapy for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- The University of Edinburgh-Zhejiang International campus (UoE-ZJU Institute), Haining, China
- Centre of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Schools of Medicine & Basic Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ahmed H. K. El-Hashash
- The University of Edinburgh-Zhejiang International campus (UoE-ZJU Institute), Haining, China
- Centre of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Schools of Medicine & Basic Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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31
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Felix RG, Bovolato ALC, Cotrim OS, Leão PDS, Batah SS, Golim MDA, Velosa AP, Teodoro W, Martins V, Cruz FF, Deffune E, Fabro AT, Capelozzi VL. Adipose-derived stem cells and adipose-derived stem cell-conditioned medium modulate in situ imbalance between collagen I- and collagen V-mediated IL-17 immune response recovering bleomycin pulmonary fibrosis. Histol Histopathol 2019; 35:289-301. [PMID: 31318036 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The immunogenic collagen V (Col V) and the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-17 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune diseases. Col V is also up-regulated during adipogenesis and can stimulate adipocyte differentiation in vitro. Conditioned medium (CM) generated from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reduces bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung injury in rats, suggesting a crucial role in situ of immunomodulatory factors secreted by MSCs in these beneficial effects. In the present work, we investigated this hypothesis, analyzing levels of plasma inflammatory mediators and inflammatory and fibrotic mediators in the lung tissue of BLM-injured rats after treatment with MSCs and CM. Pulmonary fibrosis was intratracheally induced by BLM. After 10 days, BLM animals were further randomized into subgroups receiving saline, MSCs, or CM intravenously. On days 14 and 21, the animals were euthanized, and the lungs were examined through protein expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), IL-17, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), vascular endothelial growth factor, endothelin-1, and the immunogenic Col V through histological quantitative evaluation and plasma levels of fibrinogen, Von Willebrand factor, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Rats that had been injected with MSCs and CM showed a significant increase in weight and significant improvements at 14 and 21 days after intravenous injection at both time points of analysis of plasma fibrinogen, PDGF, and Von Willebrand factor and NOS-2 expression, supporting an early anti-inflammatory action, thus reducing TGF-β and collagen I fibers. In contrast, intravenous injection of CM was able to significantly increase the deposition of Col V fibers and IL-17 on both day 14 and day 21 as compared with the amount observed in rats from the BLM group and MSC groups. In conclusion, this study reinforces previous observations on the therapeutic properties of MSCs and CM and is the first report to demonstrate the association of its actions with immunomodulatory biomarkers on lung tissue. We concluded that adipose-derived stem cells and adipose-derived stem cells-CM modulate an in situ imbalance between collagen I- and Col V-mediated IL-17 immune response, emerging as a promising therapeutic option for recovering from BLM pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Paula Velosa
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walcy Teodoro
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Martins
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ferreira Cruz
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vera Luiza Capelozzi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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32
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Li X, Chen S, Yan L, Wang J, Pei M. Prospective application of stem cells to prevent post-operative skeletal fibrosis. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1236-1245. [PMID: 30835890 PMCID: PMC9202416 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Post-operative skeletal fibrosis is considered one of the major complications causing dysfunction of the skeletal system and compromising the outcomes of clinical treatment. Limited success has been achieved using current therapies; more effective therapies to reduce post-operative skeletal fibrosis are needed. Stem cells possess the ability to repair and regenerate damaged tissue. Numerous studies show that stem cells serve as a promising therapeutic approach for fibrotic diseases in tissues other than the skeletal system by inhibiting the inflammatory response and secreting favorable cytokines through activating specific signaling pathways, acting as so-called medicinal signaling cells. In this review, current therapies are summarized for post-operative skeletal fibrosis. Given that stem cells are used as a promising therapeutic approach for fibrotic diseases, little effort has been undertaken to use stem cells to prevent post-operative skeletal fibrosis. This review aims at providing useful information for the potential application of stem cells in preventing post-operative skeletal fibrosis in the near future. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1236-1245, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedics Institute, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China,Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, China
| | - Lianqi Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedics Institute, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China
| | - Jingcheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedics Institute, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China,Co-Corresponding author: Jingcheng Wang, MD, Department of Orthopaedics, Subei People’s Hospital, 98 West Nantong Road, Yangzhou 225001, China;
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA,Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA,WVU Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA,Corresponding author: Ming Pei MD, PhD, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, PO Box 9196, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196, USA, Telephone: 304-293-1072; Fax: 304-293-7070;
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33
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Preparation and In Vivo Expression of CS-PEI/pCGRP Complex for Promoting Fracture Healing. INT J POLYM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/9432194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective. CGRP is a calcitonin gene-related peptide that is capable of promoting bone development and bone regeneration. Chitosan is a nontoxic and degradable biomaterial. However, the gene transfection efficiency of chitosan is low, whereas PEI (polyethyleneimine) has higher capability of transfection efficiency. In this paper, PEI was covalently linked to chitosan, and the rat CGRP plasmid was encapsulated in a CS-PEI complex to construct CS-PEI/pCGRP nanoparticles. The characterization and biological effects of CS-PEI/pCGRP nanoparticles were investigated in vivo. Methods. CS-PEI/pCGRP nanoparticles were prepared by a complex coacervation method. The PEI distribution degree on chitosan was measured with a dialysis method and 1H-NMR analysis. The particle size and zeta potential of CS-PEI/pCGRP nanoparticles were detected by dynamic light scattering. The binding of CS-PEI to pCGRP was detected by gel retardation assay. The transfection effect was evaluated by RT-qPCR. A rat femoral fracture model was established and treated with PBS, pCGRP, CS-PEI, and CS-PEI/pCGRP to detect the expression of CGRP and downstream genes in early healing of fractures by RT-qPCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results. The particle size and zeta potential of CS-PEI/pCGRP nanoparticles were stable when the mass ratio of CS-PEI and pCGRP was higher than 5 : 1, the ratio which could also effectively protect pCGRP from DNase I degradation. CS-PEI/pCGRP could obviously increase CGRP expression in rat bone marrow stromal cells. In vivo fracture healing experiments demonstrated that CGRP could be delivered to the body via the CS-PEI and expressed in situ after a 3-week treatment. Moreover, CS-PEI/pCGRP significantly enhanced the mRNA and protein levels of downstream RUNX2 and ALP. Conclusion. CS-PEI/pCGRP nanoparticles were an effective nonviral gene transfection system that could upregulate CGRP expression in vivo and accelerate the expression of key biomarkers for early healing of fractures.
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Li X, An G, Wang Y, Liang D, Zhu Z, Tian L. Targeted migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells inhibits silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:335. [PMID: 30514375 PMCID: PMC6280342 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silicosis is a common occupational disease, characterized by silicotic nodules and diffuse pulmonary fibrosis. We demonstrated an anti-fibrotic effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in silica-induced lung fibrosis. In the present study, we sought to clarify the homing ability of BMSCs and the specific mechanisms for their effects. METHODS AND RESULTS The biodistribution of BMSCs was identified by near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that BMSCs labeled with NIR-DiR dyes targeted silica-injured lung tissue, wherein they reached a peak at 6 h post-injection and declined dramatically by day 3. Based on these findings, a second injection of BMSCs was administered 3 days after the first injection. The injected BMSCs migrated to the injured lungs, but did not undergo transformation into specific lung cell types. Interestingly, the injection of BMSC-conditioned medium (BMSCs-CM) significantly attenuated silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The collagen deposition and number of nodules were decreased in lung tissues of BMSCs-CM-treated rats. In parallel with these findings, the mRNA levels of collagen I, collagen III, and fibronectin, and the content of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and hydroxyproline were decreased in the BMSCs-CM-treated group compared with the silica group. In addition, alveolar epithelial markers were upregulated by BMSCs-CM treatment. CONCLUSIONS BMSCs migrated to injured areas of the lung after silica instillation and attenuated pulmonary fibrosis. The anti-fibrotic effects of BMSCs were mainly exerted in paracrine manner, rather than through their ability to undergo differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Li
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xi toutiao outside You anmen, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Guoliang An
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xi toutiao outside You anmen, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xi toutiao outside You anmen, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Di Liang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xi toutiao outside You anmen, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xi toutiao outside You anmen, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xi toutiao outside You anmen, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Serrano-Mollar A. Cell Therapy in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis †. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:medsci6030064. [PMID: 30104544 PMCID: PMC6164035 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6030064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal disease with no effective or curative treatment options. In recent decades, cell-based therapies using stem cells or lung progenitor cells to regenerate lung tissue have experienced rapid growth in both preclinical animal models and translational clinical studies. In this review, the current knowledge of these cell therapies is summarized. Although further investigations are required, these studies indicate that cell therapies are a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Serrano-Mollar
- Departamento de Patología Experimental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona IIBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS, Rosselló, 161, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Pieróg J, Tamo L, Fakin R, Kocher G, Gugger M, Grodzki T, Geiser T, Gazdhar A, Schmid RA. Bone marrow stem cells modified with human interleukin 10 attenuate acute rejection in rat lung allotransplantation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2018; 53:194-200. [PMID: 28950337 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezx257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate new therapeutic options to attenuate acute rejection in a rat lung allograft model. Cell-based gene therapies have recently been reported as a novel curative option in acute and chronic diseases for which conventional treatments are not available. We studied the effect of human interleukin 10 (hIL-10) on expressing bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in combination with cyclosporine A (CsA) on acute rejection of lung allografts in the rat. METHODS Lung allotransplantation was performed from male Brown Norway donor to male Fisher (F344) rats. Rat BMSCs were transfected with hIL-10 in vitro and introduced in the graft prior to implantation. Group A (n = 5) received CsA intraperitoneally (2.5 mg/kg body weight) for 5 days post-transplant; Group B (n = 5) received BMSC and CsA and Group C (n = 5) received hIL-10-BMSC before implantation and CsA. Graft function was assessed by blood gas levels only from the graft on day 5; tissue was sampled for histological grading of rejection and measurement of the wet-to-dry ratio. RESULTS All Group A control animals showed severe signs of rejection. On Day 5, all grafts in Group C showed improved gas exchange (mean arterial partial pressure of oxygen 222.2 ± 40.38 mmHg vs 92.36 ± 20.92 mmHg in Group B and 42.72 ± 18.07 mmHg in Group A). Histological examination revealed moderate-to-severe rejection in all animals in Group A [International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Level III B (ISHLT)] in contrast to low-to-moderate rejection in Group B (II-IIIA) and much improved histological grade in Group C (I-IIA). Moreover, the wet-to-dry ratio was also reduced in Group C (4.8 ± 1.19 compared with 4.78 ± 0.62 in Group B and 9.36 ± 0.90 in Group A). CONCLUSIONS The hIL-10 BMSC represent a promising novel method for localized cell-based gene therapy for acute rejection in a rat lung allograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslaw Pieróg
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luca Tamo
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Richard Fakin
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Kocher
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Tomasz Grodzki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Thomas Geiser
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Amiq Gazdhar
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ralph A Schmid
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Tzouvelekis A, Toonkel R, Karampitsakos T, Medapalli K, Ninou I, Aidinis V, Bouros D, Glassberg MK. Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:142. [PMID: 29868594 PMCID: PMC5962715 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an inexorably progressive lung disease of unknown origin. Prognosis is poor, with limited treatment options available, and the median survival remains just 3-5 years. Despite the use of pirfenidone and nintedanib for the treatment of IPF, curative therapies remain elusive and mortality remains high. Regenerative medicine and the use of cell-based therapies has recently emerged as a potential option for various diseases. Promising results of preclinical studies using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) suggest that they may represent a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of chronic lung diseases including IPF. Encouraging results of Phase 1 studies of MSCs various have reduced safety concerns. Nonetheless, there is still a pressing need for exploratory biomarkers and interval end-points in the context of MSCs investigation. This review intends to summarize the current state of knowledge for stem cells in the experimental and clinical setting of IPF, present important safety and efficacy issues, highlight future challenges and address the need for large, multicenter clinical trials coupled with realistic end-points, including biomarkers, to assess treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyrios Tzouvelekis
- First Academic Respiratory Department, Sotiria General Hospital for Thoracic Diseases, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Division of Immunology, Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Rebecca Toonkel
- Department of Medicine, Florida International University Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Theodoros Karampitsakos
- First Academic Respiratory Department, Sotiria General Hospital for Thoracic Diseases, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kantha Medapalli
- Department of Medicine, Florida International University Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Ioanna Ninou
- Division of Immunology, Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilis Aidinis
- Division of Immunology, Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center, Athens, Greece.,Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Demosthenes Bouros
- First Academic Respiratory Department, Sotiria General Hospital for Thoracic Diseases, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marilyn K Glassberg
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Promotion of Cell-Based Therapy: Special Focus on the Cooperation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy and Gene Therapy for Clinical Trial Studies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1119:103-118. [PMID: 30155859 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine (RM) is a promising new field of medicine that has mobilized several new tools to repair or replace lost or damaged cells or tissues by stimulating natural regenerative mechanisms nearby cell and tissue-based therapy approaches. However, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) based therapy has been shown to be safe and effective to a certain degree in multiple clinical trial studies (CTSs) of several diseases, in most MSC CTSs the efficacy of treatment has been reported low. Therefore, researchers have focused on efficacy enhancing of MSC to improve migratory and homing, survival, stemness, differentiation and other therapeutic applicable properties by using different approaches. Gene therapy is one of the experimental technique tools that uses genes to change cells for therapeutic and investigation purposes. In this study has been focused on genetically modified MSCs for use in RM with an emphasis on CTSs. We highlight the basic concept of genetic modifications and also discuss recent clinical studies aspects. Recently reviewed studies show that MSC therapy with assistant gene therapy can be used in cancer therapy, heart diseases, Fanconi anemia and several other diseases.
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Mora AL, Rojas M, Pardo A, Selman M. Emerging therapies for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a progressive age-related disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:810. [PMID: 29081515 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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40
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Mora AL, Rojas M, Pardo A, Selman M. Emerging therapies for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a progressive age-related disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:755-772. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
Rationale Stem cells have been identified in the human lung; however, their role in lung disease is not clear. We aimed to isolate mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from human lung tissue and to study their in vitro properties. Methods MSC were cultured from lung tissue obtained from patients with fibrotic lung diseases (n = 17), from emphysema (n = 12), and normal lungs (n = 3). Immunofluorescence stainings were used to characterize MSC. The effect of MSC-conditioned media (MSC-CM) on fibroblast proliferation and on lung epithelial wound repair was studied. Results Expression of CD44, CD90, and CD105 characterized the cells as MSC. Moreover, the cells stained positive for the pluripotency markers Oct3/4 and Nanog. Positive co-stainings of chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) with CD44, CD90 or CD105 indicated the cells are of bone marrow origin. MSC-CM significantly inhibited the proliferation of lung fibroblasts by 29% (p = 0.0001). Lung epithelial repair was markedly increased in the presence of MSC-CM (+ 32%). Significantly more MSC were obtained from fibrotic lungs than from emphysema or control lungs. Conclusions Our study demonstrates enhanced numbers of MSC in fibrotic lung tissue as compared to emphysema and normal lung. The cells inhibit the proliferation of fibroblasts and enhance epithelial repair in vitro. Further in vivo studies are needed to elucidate their potential role in the treatment of lung fibrosis.
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Improvement of Flap Necrosis in a Rat Random Skin Flap Model by In Vivo Electroporation-Mediated HGF Gene Transfer. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 139:1116e-1127e. [PMID: 28445365 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000003259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite great understanding of underlying mechanisms for flap necrosis and advances in surgical techniques, flap necrosis remains a critical issue. In the present study, the authors investigated the efficacy of electroporation-mediated hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene delivery to random dorsal skin flaps (McFarlane) to accelerate wound healing and reduce flap necrosis. METHODS Fifteen male Wistar rats (290 to 320 g) were divided randomly into three groups. Group a, the control group (n = 5), underwent surgery and received no gene transfer. Group b received electroporation-mediated HGF gene delivery 24 hours after surgery as a treatment. Group c received electroporation-mediated HGF gene delivery 24 hours before surgery as prophylaxis (n = 5). Planimetry, laser Doppler imaging, and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the efficacy of HGF gene therapy among the groups. RESULTS Electroporation-mediated HGF gene delivery significantly decreased flap necrosis percentage compared with the control group in prophylactic and treatment groups (p = 0.0317 and p = 0.0079, respectively) and significantly increased cutaneous perfusion compared with the control group (p = 0.0317 and p = 0.0159, respectively). Moreover, Spearman rank correlation showed a significant negative correlation between flap necrosis percentage and laser index (p = 0.0213 and r = -0.5964, respectively). Furthermore, significantly higher mean CD31 vessel density was detected in treatment and prophylactic groups (p = 0.0079 and p = 0.0159, respectively). In addition, quantitative image analysis revealed significantly higher HGF protein expression in groups b and c (p = 0.0079 and p = 0.0079, respectively). CONCLUSION These findings suggested in vivo electroporation-mediated HGF gene delivery enhanced viability and vascularity of the ischemic skin flap.
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43
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Li X, Wang Y, An G, Liang D, Zhu Z, Lian X, Niu P, Guo C, Tian L. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells attenuate silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis via paracrine mechanisms. Toxicol Lett 2017; 270:96-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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44
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Hepatocyte growth factor secreted by bone marrow stem cell reduce ER stress and improves repair in alveolar epithelial II cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41901. [PMID: 28157203 PMCID: PMC5291222 DOI: 10.1038/srep41901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, irreversible lung disease with complex pathophysiology. Evidence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been reported in alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) in IPF patients. Secreted mediators from bone marrow stem cells (BMSC-cm) have regenerative properties. In this study we investigate the beneficial effects of BMSC-cm on ER stress response in primary AEC and ER stressed A549 cells. We hypothesize that BMSC-cm reduces ER stress. Primary AEC isolated from IPF patients were treated with BMSC-cm. To induce ER stress A549 cells were incubated with Tunicamycin or Thapsigargin and treated with BMSC-cm, or control media. Primary IPF-AEC had high Grp78 and CHOP gene expression, which was lowered after BMSC-cm treatment. Similar results were observed in ER stressed A549 cells. Alveolar epithelial repair increased in presence of BMSC-cm in ER stressed A549 cells. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was detected in biologically relevant levels in BMSC-cm. Neutralization of HGF in BMSC-cm attenuated the beneficial effects of BMSC-cm including synthesis of surfactant protein C (SP-C) in primary AEC, indicating a crucial role of HGF in ER homeostasis and alveolar epithelial repair. Our data suggest that BMSC-cm may be a potential therapeutic option for treating pulmonary fibrosis.
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Knudsen L, Ruppert C, Ochs M. Tissue remodelling in pulmonary fibrosis. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 367:607-626. [PMID: 27981380 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many lung diseases result in fibrotic remodelling. Fibrotic lung disorders can be divided into diseases with known and unknown aetiology. Among those with unknown aetiology, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a common diagnosis. Because of its progressive character leading to a rapid decline in lung function, it is a fatal disease with poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Thus, IPF has motivated many studies in the last few decades in order to increase our mechanistic understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease. The current concept suggests an ongoing injury of the alveolar epithelium, an impaired regeneration capacity, alveolar collapse and, finally, a fibroproliferative response. The origin of lung injury remains elusive but a diversity of factors, which will be discussed in this article, has been shown to be associated with IPF. Alveolar epithelial type II (AE2) cells play a key role in lung fibrosis and their crucial role for epithelial regeneration, stabilisation of alveoli and interaction with fibroblasts, all known to be responsible for collagen deposition, will be illustrated. Whereas mechanisms of collagen deposition and fibroproliferation are the focus of many studies in the field, the awareness of other mechanisms in this disease is currently limited to biochemical and imaging studies including quantitative assessments of lung structure in IPF and animal models assigning alveolar collapse and collapse induration crucial roles for the degradation of the lung resulting in de-aeration and loss of surface area. Dysfunctional AE2 cells, instable alveoli and mechanical stress trigger remodelling that consists of collapsed alveoli absorbed by fibrotic tissue (i.e., collapse induration).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Knudsen
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany. .,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. .,REBIRTH, Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Clemens Ruppert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Matthias Ochs
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH, Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Cahill EF, Kennelly H, Carty F, Mahon BP, English K. Hepatocyte Growth Factor Is Required for Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Protection Against Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1307-1318. [PMID: 27388243 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
: The incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is on the rise and existing treatments have failed to halt or reverse disease progression. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have potent cytoprotective effects, can promote tissue repair, and have demonstrated efficacy in a range of fibrotic lung diseases; however, the exact mechanisms of action remain to be elucidated. Chemical antagonists and short hairpin RNA knockdown were used to identify the mechanisms of action used by MSCs in promoting wound healing, proliferation, and inhibiting apoptosis. Using the bleomycin induced fibrosis model, the protective effects of early or late MSC administration were examined. The role for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in MSC protection against bleomycin lung injury was examined using HGF knockdown MSC. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling assay was performed on ex vivo lung sections to examine the effects of MSC on apoptosis. MSC conditioned media (CM) enhanced wound closure and inhibited apoptosis of pulmonary cells in vitro. HGF was required for MSC CM enhancement of epithelial cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis. In contrast, MSC required COX-2 for CM to inhibit fibroblast proliferation. In a murine model, early administration of MSC protected against bleomycin induced lung fibrosis and correlated with reduced levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β, reduced levels of apoptosis, and significantly increased levels of HGF. These protective effects were in part mediated by MSC derived HGF as HGF knockdown MSC were unable to protect against fibrosis in vivo. These findings delineate the mechanisms of MSC protection in a preclinical model of fibrotic lung disease. SIGNIFICANCE The mechanisms used by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in mediating protective effects in chronic models of lung disease are not understood and remain to be elucidated. These findings from in vitro studies highlight an important role for the MSC-derived soluble factors hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and prostaglandin E2 in promoting wound healing and inhibiting apoptosis. Furthermore, this study translates these findings demonstrating an important role for HGF in the protective effects mediated by MSC in vivo in the bleomycin model. These findings support a targeted approach to enhancing MSC therapy for fibrotic disease and highlight the importance of timing of MSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emer F Cahill
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Helen Kennelly
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Fiona Carty
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Bernard P Mahon
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Karen English
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
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Abstract
Survival after lung transplantation is limited in large part due to the high incidence of chronic rejection, known as chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). Pulmonary infections are a frequent complication in lung transplant recipients, due both to immunosuppressive medications and constant exposure of the lung allograft to the external environment via the airways. Infection is a recognized risk factor for the development of CLAD, and both acute infection and chronic lung allograft colonization with microorganisms increase the risk for CLAD. Acute infection by community acquired respiratory viruses, and the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are increasingly recognized as important risk factors for CLAD. Colonization by the fungus Aspergillus may also augment the risk of CLAD. Fostering this transition from healthy lung to CLAD in each of these infectious episodes is the persistence of an inflammatory lung allograft environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aric L Gregson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Box 957119, Warren Hall 14-154, Los Angeles, CA, 90995-7119, USA.
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48
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Hepatocyte growth factor enhances the inflammation-alleviating effect of umbilical cord–derived mesenchymal stromal cells in a bronchiolitis obliterans model. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:402-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Ghadiri M, Young PM, Traini D. Cell-based therapies for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) disease. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 16:375-87. [PMID: 26593230 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2016.1124085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During the last few decades, cell-based therapies have shown great potential to treat patients with lung diseases. It has been proposed that the administration of cells into an injured lung could be considered as a therapeutic method to repair and replace lost lung tissue. Using this method, transplanted cells with the ability to proliferate and differentiate into alveolar cells, have been suggested as a therapeutic strategy for IPF treatment. AREAS COVERED In this review, the latest investigations using various types of cells for IPF therapy have been presented. The cells studied for cell-based therapies in IPF are lung alveolar epithelial cells, lung resident stem cells and exogenous adult stem cells such as MSCs. EXPERT OPINION After many years of investigation, the use of cell-based therapies to treat IPF is still at the experimental phase. Problems include bioethical issues, safety of cell transplantation, routes of delivery and the dose and timing of administration. Further investigations are necessary to establish the best strategy for using cell-based therapies effectively for the treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Ghadiri
- a Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology , Sydney Medical School , Sydney , NSW , Australia
| | - Paul M Young
- a Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology , Sydney Medical School , Sydney , NSW , Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- a Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology , Sydney Medical School , Sydney , NSW , Australia
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50
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Srour N, Thébaud B. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Animal Bleomycin Pulmonary Fibrosis Models: A Systematic Review. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:1500-10. [PMID: 26494779 PMCID: PMC4675510 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is an inexorably progressive lung disease with few available treatments. New therapeutic options are needed. Stem cells have generated much enthusiasm for the treatment of several conditions, including lung diseases. Human trials of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy for pulmonary fibrosis are under way. To shed light on the potential usefulness of MSCs for human disease, we aimed to systematically review the preclinical literature to determine if MSCs are beneficial in animal bleomycin pulmonary fibrosis models. The MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched for original studies of stem cell therapy in animal bleomycin models of pulmonary fibrosis. Studies using embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells were excluded. Seventeen studies were selected, all of which used MSCs in rodents. MSC therapy led to an improvement in bleomycin-induced lung collagen deposition in animal lungs and in the pulmonary fibrosis Ashcroft score in most studies. MSC therapy improved histopathology in almost all studies in which it was evaluated qualitatively. Furthermore, MSC therapy was found to improve 14-day survival in animals with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Bronchoalveolar lavage total and neutrophil counts, as well as transforming growth factor-β levels, were also reduced by MSCs. MSCs are beneficial in rodent bleomycin pulmonary fibrosis models. Since most studies examined the initial inflammatory phase rather than the chronic fibrotic phase, preclinical data offer better support for human trials of MSCs in acute exacerbations of pulmonary fibrosis rather than the chronic phase of the disease. SIGNIFICANCE There has been increased interest in mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for lung diseases. A few small clinical trials are under way in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Preclinical evidence was assessed in a systematic review, as is often done for clinical studies. The existing studies offer better support for efficacy in the initial inflammatory phase rather than the fibrotic phase that human trials are targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Srour
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Hôpital Charles-LeMoyne, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Mount Sinai Hospital Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Regenerative Medicine Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Faculty of Medicine, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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