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Lo JO, Hedges JC, Chou WH, Tager KR, Bachli ID, Hagen OL, Murphy SK, Hanna CB, Easley CA. Influence of substance use on male reproductive health and offspring outcomes. Nat Rev Urol 2024:10.1038/s41585-024-00868-w. [PMID: 38664544 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-024-00868-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of substance use globally is rising and is highest among men of reproductive age. In Africa, and South and Central America, cannabis use disorder is most prevalent and in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe, Central America, Canada and the USA, opioid use disorder predominates. Substance use might be contributing to the ongoing global decline in male fertility, and emerging evidence has linked paternal substance use with short-term and long-term adverse effects on offspring development and outcomes. This trend is concerning given that substance use is increasing, including during the COVID-19 pandemic. Preclinical studies have shown that male preconception substance use can influence offspring brain development and neurobehaviour through epigenetic mechanisms. Additionally, human studies investigating paternal health behaviours during the prenatal period suggest that paternal tobacco, opioid, cannabis and alcohol use is associated with reduced offspring mental health, in particular hyperactivity and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The potential effects of paternal substance use are areas in which to focus public health efforts and health-care provider counselling of couples or individuals interested in conceiving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie O Lo
- Department of Urology, Oregon Heath & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Jason C Hedges
- Department of Urology, Oregon Heath & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Wesley H Chou
- Department of Urology, Oregon Heath & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kylie R Tager
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia College of Public Health, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ian D Bachli
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia College of Public Health, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Olivia L Hagen
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Carol B Hanna
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Charles A Easley
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia College of Public Health, Athens, GA, USA
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2
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Suutela M, Hero M, Kosola S, Miettinen PJ, Raivio T. Prenatal, newborn and childhood factors and the timing of puberty in boys and girls. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03159-7. [PMID: 38594422 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to determine if prenatal factors, gestational age, birth weight and length, and childhood body mass index (BMI) are associated with the timing of puberty. METHODS Our population-based study comprised 4826 girls and 5112 boys born between 1997 and 2002. Multiple linear regression modeled the relationships between the maternal and child predictors and the age at peak height velocity (PHV). RESULTS Maternal smoking throughout pregnancy was associated with earlier age at PHV (-1.8 months in girls, 95%CI = -3.2 to -0.3, p = 0.015 and -1.7 months in boys, 95%CI = -3.1 to -0.3, p = 0.016). Older gestational age predicted later age at PHV in boys. One SDS increase in birth weight led to 1.7 months later age at PHV in girls (95%CI = 1.2 to 2.2, p < 0.001) and 0.8 months in boys (95%CI = 0.2 to 1.3, p = 0.005). At the age of 9 years, each increment of BMI by 1 kg/m2 was associated with 1.7 months (95%CI = -1.9 to -1.6, p < 0.001) and 1.3 months (95%CI = -1.4 to -1.1, p < 0.001) earlier age at PHV in girls and boys, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Fetal exposure to smoking can potentially exert enduring effects on pubertal timing. Birth weight and childhood nutritional status are significant determinants of pubertal timing in both sexes. IMPACT Maternal smoking was associated with earlier timing of puberty and greater birth weight with later timing of puberty in both girls and boys. Most previous studies have focused on girls and used surveys to assess pubertal development, but we studied both sexes and used the same objective measure (age at peak height velocity) for the timing of puberty. Our study increases knowledge especially regarding factors associated with the timing of puberty among boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Suutela
- Pediatric Research Center, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Hero
- Pediatric Research Center, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Silja Kosola
- Pediatric Research Center, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research, Development and Innovations, Western Uusimaa Wellbeing Services County, Western Uusimaa, Finland
| | - Päivi J Miettinen
- Pediatric Research Center, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taneli Raivio
- Pediatric Research Center, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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3
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Beck AL, Uldbjerg CS, Lim YH, Coull BA, Sørensen KM, Utko MM, Wilkowski B, Rantakokko P, Bengtsson M, Lindh C, Petersen JH, Skakkebaek NE, Hauser R, Juul A, Bräuner EV. Cotinine concentrations in maternal serum and amniotic fluid during pregnancy and risk of testicular germ cell cancer in the offspring: A prospective nested case-control study. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:71-80. [PMID: 37603038 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Maternal smoking in pregnancy may increase the risk of testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC) in offspring, but current evidence remains inconclusive. We performed a nested case-control study using cotinine measurements in maternal serum and amniotic fluid as a biomarker for tobacco exposure during pregnancy. A total of 654 males with maternal serum (n = 359, ncases/controls = 71/288) and/or amniotic fluid (n = 295, ncases/controls = 66/229) samples were included. Data on TGCC diagnoses and relevant covariates were derived from nationwide Danish health registries. Cotinine was quantified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. An adapted cox regression model estimated the risk of TGCC considering active and inactive tobacco use defined according to cotinine concentrations of <, ≥15 ng/ml. Overall, the concentrations of cotinine were comparable in maternal serum and amniotic fluid (medianserum/amniotic fluid : 2.1/2.6 ng/ml). A strong statistically significant correlation was detected in 14 paired samples (Spearman rho: 0.85). Based on maternal serum cotinine concentrations, exposure to active tobacco use was not associated with risk of TGCC in offspring (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.51; 1.52). Similarly, based on amniotic fluid cotinine concentrations, exposure to active tobacco use was not associated with risk of TGCC (HR 1.11, 95% CI 0.64; 1.95). However, different risks were observed for seminomas and nonseminomas in both matrices, but none were statistically significant. Our findings did not provide convincing evidence supporting that exposure to tobacco during pregnancy is associated with TGCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid L Beck
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie S Uldbjerg
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Magdalena M Utko
- Digital Infrastructure, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Panu Rantakokko
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marie Bengtsson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jørgen H Petersen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels E Skakkebaek
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elvira V Bräuner
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Maternal Exposure to Cigarette Smoke during Pregnancy and Testicular Cancer in Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030618. [PMID: 36983774 PMCID: PMC10054792 DOI: 10.3390/life13030618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Maternal exposure to cigarette smoke in pregnancy may play a role in the development of testicular cancer in offspring. An updated and comprehensive systematic review of the available evidence is needed. Objective: To identify and evaluate current evidence on maternal exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy and testicular cancer in offspring. Methods: A systematic search of English peer-reviewed original literature in PubMed through a block search approach. Publications were considered if assessing maternal exposure to cigarette smoke and the risk of testicular cancer in offspring. Results: Among the 636 identified records, 14 publications were eligible for review and 10 for meta-analysis. Quality assessment of the publications was conducted. Most included publications were case-control studies (n = 11, 79%), while the remaining were ecological studies (n = 3, 21%). Completeness of reporting was high, but more than half were considered subject to potential bias. The trend synthesis showed that half (n = 7) of the included publications demonstrated a higher risk of testicular cancer in the sons of mothers exposed to cigarette smoke during pregnancy. The meta-analysis generated an overall summary risk estimate of 1.00 (95% CI: 0.88; 1.15) (n = 10 publications), with a lower risk for seminoma (0.79, 95% CI: 0.59; 1.04) and nonseminoma (0.96, 95% CI: 0.74; 1.26) (n = 4 publications). Conclusions: This systematic review did not provide evidence of an association between maternal exposure to cigarette smoke and risk of testicular cancer in offspring. An overall positive trend was suggested, but it had low statistical precision. The methodological limitations across publications encourage further research based on valid exposure data.
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Woolner AM, Bhattacharya S. Intergenerational trends in reproduction: Infertility and pregnancy loss. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2023; 86:102305. [PMID: 36639284 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2022.102305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review article summarises the evidence for intergenerational trends observed to date within infertility and pregnancy loss. There appears to be evidence of intergenerational trends between mothers and daughters for the age at menopause, endometriosis, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), male factor infertility and miscarriage. At present, there is no evidence for a predisposition to stillbirth between mothers and daughters. One study found an association with familial predisposition for ectopic pregnancy. Very few studies have considered the potential for paternal transmission of risk of infertility or pregnancy loss. The majority of studies to date have significant limitations because of their observational design, risk of recall bias and risk of confounding. Therefore, high-quality well-designed research, with multi-centre collaboration and utilisation of registry-based data sources and individual patient data, is needed to understand whether infertility and pregnancy loss may have heritable factors. Epidemiological findings need to be followed up and investigated with translational research to determine the possible causalities as well as any implications for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mf Woolner
- Aberdeen Centre for Women's Health Research, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Siladitya Bhattacharya
- Aberdeen Centre for Women's Health Research, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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Rodprasert W, Toppari J, Virtanen HE. Environmental toxicants and male fertility. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2023; 86:102298. [PMID: 36623980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2022.102298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Semen quality has declined especially among Western men. Experimental and epidemiological studies have shown potential links between exposure to environmental toxicants and poor male fertility. Some environmental exposures in utero can disrupt fetal testicular function and result in cryptorchidism, low semen quality, low serum testosterone levels, and low fertility. Environmental exposure in childhood and adulthood can also adversely affect germ cells, Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, or the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, resulting in impaired male fertility. In this review, we report the latest results from human studies that investigated the role of endocrine disrupting chemicals, heavy metals, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, and use of marijuana in low semen quality and impaired male fertility. Current evidence suggests the relationship between these environmental factors and low male fertility; however, some factors showed conflicting results which need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiwat Rodprasert
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Centre for Population Health Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Centre for Population Health Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Helena E Virtanen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology and Centre for Population Health Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Abdoli S, Masoumi SZ, Kazemi F. Environmental and occupational factors and higher risk of couple infertility: a systematic review study. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43043-022-00124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Infertility is a global health problem that represents an increasing trend due to new lifestyles following technological advances since individuals are facing more risk factors than before. The present systematic review study aimed to investigate the impact of environmental and occupational factors on reproductive parameters and increased risk of couple infertility.
Main body
Scopus, PubMed, SID, and Web of Science databases were searched for the available observational (i.e., cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional) systematic review, meta-analysis, and clinical trial studies between 2007 and 2019. To this end, keywords such as ‘Environmental exposure’, ‘Occupational exposure’, ‘Environmental pollutants’, ‘Environmental pollution’, ‘Couple infertility’, ‘Sterility’, and ‘Sub-fertility’ were used. The retrieved investigations examined the impact of environmental and occupational risk factors on reproductive indices and increased infertility risk. Totally, 66 out of 9519 papers were evaluated after considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The reported risk factors in the reviewed studies were heavy metals, cigarette smoking, and exposure to chemicals through consumer goods, urban life, and proximity to main roads. In addition, occupational factors included heavy physical activity, prolonged sitting, exposure to a hot environment, contact with formaldehyde, pesticides, insecticides, mechanical vibration, and contact with ionizing radiation, all of which affected the reproductive parameters. However, some researchers found no significant associations in this regard.
Short conclusion
In general, individuals with known impairments in reproductive parameters were more exposed to risk factors. Nonetheless, more studies are needed to determine the risk of infertility in the population.
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Auger J, Eustache F, Chevrier C, Jégou B. Spatiotemporal trends in human semen quality. Nat Rev Urol 2022; 19:597-626. [PMID: 35978007 PMCID: PMC9383660 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00626-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Over the past four decades, studies of various designs have reported spatial and temporal trends in human semen quality. Several standardized-methodology studies in homogeneous populations that compare specific cities within a country or a continent provide clear evidence of geographical differences in sperm production, even over short distances within the same country. Human sperm production is widely believed to be declining over time, but evidence from the scientific literature is less clear. Studies based on repeated cross-sectional data from a single centre have shown mixed results. Among the numerous retrospective studies conducted in a single centre, only some included homogeneous groups of men and appropriate methods, and most of them suggest a temporal decrease in human sperm production in the geographical areas considered. Conclusions reporting temporal trends in sperm production that came from existing retrospective multicentre studies based on individual semen data and those using means, medians or estimates of sperm production are questionable, owing to intrinsic limitations in the studies performed. Regardless of study design, studies on the percentage of motile or morphologically normal spermatozoa are still limited by the inherent variability in assessment. Overall, available data do not enable us to conclude that human semen quality is deteriorating worldwide or in the Western world, but that a trend is observed in some specific areas. To understand these trends and contrasts in sperm and semen quality, prospective studies should be encouraged and combined with assessment of the male exposome. Several studies over the past few decades have suggested that sperm quality varies by geographical region and might be subject to a temporal decline worldwide. However, the data supporting these conclusions have come from studies of various methodologies and heterogeneous populations, making them unreliable. In this in-depth Review, Chevrier and colleagues discuss the data surrounding discussion of spatiotemporal trends in semen parameters and consider how these trends and the factors promoting them interact. The vast literature on human semen quality trends is extremely heterogeneous in terms of the populations studied and study designs, and so these studies have been unable to draw firm conclusions. Understanding the data around spatiotemporal semen trends requires a focus on the methodological choices and application of criteria to filter findings from the studies with optimal design. Numerous appropriately designed studies suggest unambiguous geographical contrasts in human sperm production; however, evidence of a decline in sperm production is reliable only in specific populations and cities in which studies with a complete set of quality criteria have been conducted. By contrast, suggestions of a worldwide drop in human semen quality on the basis of retrospective multicentre studies cannot be substantiated, owing to intrinsic limitations in the studies performed. Many and varied factors of variation, in particular the diverse modalities of assessment, do not enable us to conclude that clear temporal trends of sperm motility and normal morphology are present. Progress in our understanding of the highlighted trends and their causal factors requires prospective studies that minimize all known biases combined with the assessment of men’s exposome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Auger
- INSERM U1016-Equipe "Génomique, Epigénétique et Physiologie de la Reproduction", Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Florence Eustache
- INSERM U1016-Equipe "Génomique, Epigénétique et Physiologie de la Reproduction", Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes-Paris, Paris, France.,CECOS, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Seine-Saint-Denis, Hôpital Jean Verdier and Service de Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Nord Val de Seine, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Chevrier
- Université Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, IRSET-UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France.
| | - Bernard Jégou
- Université Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, IRSET-UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
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9
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Kimblad A, Ollvik G, Lindh CH, Axelsson J. Decreased sperm counts in Swedish users of oral tobacco. Andrology 2022; 10:1181-1188. [PMID: 35642735 PMCID: PMC9543234 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Smoke‐free tobacco via moist oral snuff (snus) is used daily in more than 20% of Swedish men. Negative effects of cigarette smoking on sperm parameters are well documented, unlike for snuff, despite relevance also for other smoke‐free nicotine products. Objectives We wanted to investigate whether reproductive parameters differed between users and non‐users of snuff, and whether the amount of snuff and nicotine exposure mattered. Materials and methods Men (n = 613) from the general population, recruited 2000–2010, were physically examined, answered questions on smoking and snuff use, and delivered urine, blood and semen samples. Sperm concentration, total sperm count, semen volume, percent morphologically normal and progressively motile sperm, and DNA fragmentation index (by the Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay) and reproductive hormones were analysed. Nicotine exposure was measured through urinary levels of cotinine. We used general linear models, with adjustments including cigarette smoking, and for semen parameters also abstinence time. Results After adjustments, total sperm count was 24% lower (P = 0.03) and testosterone 14% higher (P < 0.001) in 109 users of snuff than in non‐users, whereas cotinine was positively associated with testosterone and oestradiol (P < 0.001). Numbers of boxes of snuff used per week were associated with testosterone and FSH (P < 0.001). Discussion Applied to the general population, the consumption of smoke‐free tobacco by the use of snuff was associated with a lower sperm count and a higher testosterone, for which the extent seemed to play a role. Conclusions Independent of smoking, consumption of snuff was associated with lower total sperm count and different hormone levels. Applying these results to a reported association between sperm count and the chance of pregnancy, men who used snuff would have about a 10% lower chance of fathering a child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Kimblad
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Sweden.,Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gustav Ollvik
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Sweden.,Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christian H Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Axelsson
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Sweden.,Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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10
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Axelsson J, Lindh CH, Giwercman A. Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nicotine, and associations with sperm DNA fragmentation. Andrology 2022; 10:740-748. [PMID: 35234353 PMCID: PMC9310791 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Tobacco smoking has been reported to cause DNA fragmentation and has been suggested to cause mutations in spermatozoa. These effects have been ascribed to the action of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) present in the smoke. Simultaneously, DNA fragmentation has been associated with mutagenesis. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate whether levels of urinary biomarkers of PAH and nicotine exposure were associated with sperm DNA fragmentation. Methods In the urine of 381 men recruited from two cohorts of young men (17–21 years old) from the general Swedish population, the PAH metabolites 1‐hydroxypyrene and 2‐hydroxyphenanthrene, as well as the nicotine metabolite cotinine, were measured. The sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) was analysed using the sperm chromatin structure assay. Associations between the DFI, and PAH metabolite levels as continuous variables as well as in quartiles, were studied by general linear models adjusted for abstinence time. A similar analysis was carried out for cotinine levels, according to which the men were categorised as “non‐smoking” (n = 216) and “smoking” (n = 165). Results No association was found between levels of any of the three biomarkers and DFI, either as a continuous variable (p = 0.87–0.99), or when comparing the lowest and the highest quartiles (p = 0.11–0.61). The same was true for comparison of men categorised as non‐smoking or smoking (DFI 11.1% vs. 11.8%, p = 0.31). Discussion We found no evidence of PAH or nicotine exposure to be associated with DFI, which does not exclude that these exposures may have other effects on sperm DNA. Conclusion In these young men, levels of biomarkers of nicotine and PAH exposure were not associated with DFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Axelsson
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skåne University Hospital, and Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Christian H Lindh
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Aleksander Giwercman
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Skåne University Hospital, and Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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12
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He L, Gong H, You S, Zhang C, Zhong C, Li L. miRNA-138-5p suppresses cigarette smoke-induced apoptosis in testicular cells by targeting Caspase-3 through the Bcl-2 signaling pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22783. [PMID: 33856081 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Long-term cigarette smoking (CS) can cause testicular toxicity, which interferes with normal spermatogenesis and leads to male infertility. One possible mechanism for this is the activation of the apoptosis signaling pathway, which leads to the irreversible apoptosis of testicular cells. However, the exact mechanism for this is not completely understood. Cell viability, cell apoptosis, and lactate dehydrogenase release assays were performed to elucidate the function of micro RNA (miRNA) in the pathogenesis of male testicular cell injury induced by CS. The results suggested that testicular cell injury was associated with CS both in vitro and in vivo. CS extract (CSE)-treated Leydig and Sertoli cells showed noticeable apoptosis. Based on the results of Agilent miRNA microarray and bioinformatics analyses, miRNA-138-5p was used in subsequent experiments. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays showed a negative correlation between miR-138-5p and Caspase-3 expression. Transfection of miR-138-5p mimic significantly inhibited apoptosis and downregulated the expression of Caspase-3 in TM3 and TM4 cells. Furthermore, a dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-138-5p directly targeted Caspase-3 to regulate the apoptosis of testicular cells mediated by CSE. In addition, overexpression of miR-138-5p markedly downregulated the expression of p53 and Bak, which played critical roles in the Bcl-2 pathway. These results demonstrate that miRNA-138-5p inhibits CS-induced apoptosis in testicular cells by targeting Caspase-3 through the Bcl-2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan He
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Haiyan Gong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Shuping You
- Department of Basic Nursing Teaching and Research Section, School of Nursing, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Chunxue Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Linlin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
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13
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Urinary Bisphenol A, F and S Levels and Semen Quality in Young Adult Danish Men. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041742. [PMID: 33670148 PMCID: PMC7916849 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is considered an endocrine disruptor and has been associated with deleterious effects on spermatogenesis and male fertility. Bisphenol F (BPF) and S (BPS) are structurally similar to BPA, but knowledge of their effects on male fertility remains limited. In this cross–sectional study, we investigated the associations between exposure to BPA, BPF, and BPS and semen quality in 556 men 18–20 years of age from the Fetal Programming of Semen Quality (FEPOS) cohort. A urine sample was collected from each participant for determination of BPA, BPF, and BPS concentrations while a semen sample was collected to determine ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, sperm motility, and sperm morphology. Associations between urinary bisphenol levels (continuous and quartile–divided) and semen characteristics were estimated using a negative binomial regression model adjusting for urine creatinine concentration, alcohol intake, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), fever, sexual abstinence time, maternal pre–pregnancy BMI, and first trimester smoking, and highest parental education during first trimester. We found no associations between urinary bisphenol of semen quality in a sample of young men from the general Danish population.
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Rahban R, Nef S. Regional difference in semen quality of young men: a review on the implication of environmental and lifestyle factors during fetal life and adulthood. Basic Clin Androl 2020; 30:16. [PMID: 33072332 PMCID: PMC7559360 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-020-00114-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of low semen quality and the incidence of testicular cancer have been steadily increasing over the past decades in different parts of the World. Although these conditions may have a genetic or epigenetic origin, there is growing evidence that multiple environmental and lifestyle factors can act alone or in combination to induce adverse effects. Exposure to these factors may occur as early as during fetal life, via the mother, and directly throughout adulthood after full spermatogenic capacity is reached. This review aims at providing an overview of past and current trends in semen quality and its relevance to fertility as well as a barometer of men’s general health. The focus will be on recent epidemiological studies of young men from the general population highlighting geographic variations in Europe. The impact of some lifestyle and environmental factors will be discussed with their role in both fetal life and adulthood. These factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, psychological stress, exposure to electromagnetic radiation, and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs). Finally, the challenges in investigating the influence of environmental factors on semen quality in a fast changing world are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Rahban
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland and Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Serge Nef
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland and Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
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15
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Keglberg Hærvig K, Bonde JP, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Toft G, Hougaard KS, Specht IO, Giwercman A, Nybo Andersen AM, Olsen J, Lindh C, Bjerre Høyer B, Tøttenborg SS. Fetal Programming of Semen Quality (FEPOS) Cohort - A DNBC Male-Offspring Cohort. Clin Epidemiol 2020; 12:757-770. [PMID: 32765110 PMCID: PMC7373412 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s242631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposures may contribute to male infertility in adult life, but large-scale epidemiological evidence is still lacking. The Fetal Programming of Semen quality (FEPOS) cohort was founded to provide means to examine if fetal exposures can interfere with fetal reproductive development and ultimately lead to reduced semen quality and reproductive hormone imbalances in young adult men. METHODS Young adult men at least 18 years and 9 months of age born to women in the Danish National Birth Cohort living in relative proximity to Copenhagen or Aarhus and for whom a maternal blood sample and two maternal interviews during pregnancy were available were invited to FEPOS. Recruitment began in March 2017 and ended in December 2019. The participants answered a comprehensive questionnaire and underwent a physical examination where they delivered a semen, urine, and hair sample, measured their own testicular volume, and had blood drawn. RESULTS In total 21,623 sons fulfilled eligibility criteria of whom 5697 were invited and 1058 participated making the response rate 19%. Semen characteristics did not differ between sons from the Copenhagen and Aarhus clinics. When comparing the FEPOS semen parameters to similar cohorts, the median across all semen characteristics was slightly lower for FEPOS participants, although with smaller variation. CONCLUSION With its 1058 young adult men, the FEPOS cohort is the largest population-based male-offspring cohort worldwide specifically designed to investigate prenatal determinants of semen quality. Wide-ranging information on maternal health, lifestyle, socioeconomic status, occupation, and serum concentrations of potential reproductive toxicants during pregnancy combined with biological markers of fertility in their sons collected after puberty allow for in-depth investigations of the 'fetal origins of adult disease hypothesis'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Keglberg Hærvig
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Gunnar Toft
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karin Sørig Hougaard
- Department of Public Health, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ina Olmer Specht
- The Parker Institute, Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aleksander Giwercman
- Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen
- Department of Public Health, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørn Olsen
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Birgit Bjerre Høyer
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sandra Søgaard Tøttenborg
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Haervig KK, Høyer BB, Giwercman A, Hougaard KS, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Specht IO, Toft G, Bonde JP, Søgaard Tøttenborg S. Fetal exposure to paternal smoking and semen quality in the adult son. Andrology 2020; 8:1117-1125. [PMID: 32150347 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The negative impact of maternal smoking during pregnancy on offspring semen quality is well established. Less is known about the impact of paternal smoking. METHODS We estimated differences in semen parameters and testicle size according to paternal smoking in 772 adult sons of women enrolled in the Danish National Birth Cohort when pregnant. Parents' smoking was reported around gestational week 16, and analyses were adjusted for parents' ages at conception, maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, maternal alcohol and caffeine intake, family occupational status, ejaculatory abstinence time, clinic of semen analysis, and season. RESULTS Sons of smoking fathers and non-smoking mothers had a 10% (95% confidence interval: -24%, 7%) lower semen concentration and 11% (95% confidence interval: -27%, 8%) lower sperm count than sons of non-smoking parents. Having two smoking parents was associated with 19% reduction in sperm count (95% confidence interval: -37%, 3%). Paternal smoking was not associated with volume, motility, or morphology. Adjusting for maternal smoking, paternal smoking was associated with a 26% increased risk of small testicular volume (95% confidence interval: 0.89, 1.78). DISCUSSION Exclusion of sons with a history of testicular cancer, chemotherapy, orchiectomy, and with only one or no testicles may have caused us to underestimate associations if these men's reproductive health including semen quality are in fact more sensitive to paternal smoking. CONCLUSION The study provides limited support for slightly lower sperm concentration and total sperm concentration in sons of smoking fathers, but findings are also compatible with no association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Keglberg Haervig
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgit Bjerre Høyer
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aleksander Giwercman
- Department of Translational Medicine, Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Sørig Hougaard
- Department of Public Health, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ina Olmer Specht
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Toft
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sandra Søgaard Tøttenborg
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Qu Y, Chen S, Pan H, Zhu H, Yan C, Zhang S, Jiang Y. Exposure to tobacco smoke and stillbirth: a national prospective cohort study in rural China. J Epidemiol Community Health 2020; 74:315-320. [PMID: 31919145 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2019-213290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parental exposure to tobacco smoke has been associated with an increased risk of stillbirth, while only a few studies took the overall parental tobacco exposure status into consideration. We aim to explore the relationship of parental smoking and passive smoking before and during pregnancy with stillbirth in a large Chinese rural cohort. DESIGN 248 501 couples were enrolled in a national prospective cohort study conducted in rural China. Parental exposure to tobacco smoke before and during pregnancy, along with other risk factors, was ascertained by questionnaires. Pregnancy outcomes were recorded by physicians. RESULTS The ORs (Odds Ratios) of maternal active smoking, maternal passive smoking, paternal active smoking and paternal passive smoking were 2.07 (95% CI 1.25 to 3.41), 1.22 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.47), 1.36 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.63) and 1.10 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.39), respectively. The rates of stillbirth increased from 0.31% for the maternal non-smoking group to 0.43% for the smoking cessation during pregnancy group, to 0.64% for the decreased smoking group and 1.28% for the continuing smoking group. A similar pattern was found in the change in paternal smoking status and stillbirth. Stratified by maternal passive smoking, the OR of paternal smoking was 1.35 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.61) in the maternal non-smoking group and 1.67 (95% CI 1.09 to 2.56) in the maternal passive smoking group. CONCLUSIONS Parental exposure to tobacco smoke increased the risk of stillbirth, especially for those continuing smoking during pregnancy. Paternal smoking is an independent risk factor for stillbirth despite maternal passive smoking status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Qu
- School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Lab of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng-qu, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Lab of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng-qu, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Lab of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng-qu, China
| | - Chengsheng Yan
- Hebei Center for Women and Children's Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shikun Zhang
- Research Association for Women and Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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18
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Abstract
The identification of potential environmental hazards may be clinically relevant in the diagnosis of male infertility. Knowledge about these factors will improve prevention of fertility disorders. Apart from drugs or factors related to lifestyle such as alcohol and tobacco smoke, various environmental and occupational agents, both chemical and physical, may impair male reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity may evolve at the hypothalamic-pituitary, testicular, or post-testicular level; endpoints comprise deterioration of spermatogenesis and sperm function as well as endocrine disorders and sexual dysfunction. With regard to the complex regulation of the male reproductive system, the available information concerning single exogenous factors and their mechanisms of action in humans is limited. This is also due to the fact that extrapolation of results obtained from experimental animal or in vitro studies remains difficult. Nevertheless, the assessment of relevant exposure to reproductive toxicants should be carefully evaluated during diagnostic procedures of andrological patients.
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19
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Ognjenovic M, Ambrosini GL, Malacova E, Doherty DA, Oddy WH, Handelsman DJ, McLachlan R, Dickinson J, Hart RJ. Associations between major dietary patterns and testicular function in a population-based cohort of young men: results from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. Andrology 2019; 7:273-280. [PMID: 30854803 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversial speculation suggestions that dietary intake may affect semen quality and testicular function, however, there are limited comprehensive studies observing dietary patterns. OBJECTIVE To study associations between major dietary patterns and markers of testicular function in adulthood. MATERIAL AND METHODS Observational cross-sectional study of two hundred and ninety men with an average age of 20 years, from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. Usual dietary intake assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire at 20 years of age. Two dietary patterns previously identified using exploratory factor analysis ("Healthy" or "Western") and participants received z-scores for each dietary pattern. Primary endpoints were testicular volume, total sperm per ejaculate, morning serum testosterone concentration. Secondary endpoints were semen sample parameters, inhibin B and sex steroids (DHT: 3α-diol, 3β-diol; LH; FSH; DHEA; estradiol; estrone). RESULT(S) Participants were on average 20.0 ± 0.4 years old, had a median of 2 days sexual abstinence and a body mass index of 24.1 ± 3.9 kg/m2 , 13% were smokers, 52% were 'moderate' alcohol drinkers, 23% frequently used recreational drugs and 68% reported 'high' physical activity levels. Sperm concentration and DHT 3α-diol were negatively associated with a greater z-score for the "Western" dietary pattern (p = 0.007 and; p = 0.044, respectively), and serum estradiol concentration was positively associated with a "Western" dietary pattern (p = 0.007) after adjustment for BMI, varicocele, cryptorchidism and sexual abstinence. DISCUSSION Despite associations between greater intake of the "Western" dietary pattern and a decreased male reproductive health markers, our lack of consistent associations of either a "Healthy" or a "Western" dietary pattern, limit clinical or biological significance in isolation. CONCLUSIONS A potential negative association of a "Western" dietary pattern with male reproductive health was detected and should be studied further in population-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ognjenovic
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - G L Ambrosini
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - E Malacova
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - D A Doherty
- Women and Infants Research Foundation, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.,Division of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - W H Oddy
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, The University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - D J Handelsman
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - R McLachlan
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - J Dickinson
- Division of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - R J Hart
- Division of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Fertility Specialists of Western Australia, Bethesda Hospital, Claremont, WA, Australia
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20
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Horsnell W, Dewals B. Parasitic infections and maternal immunity. Parasite Immunol 2019; 41:e12615. [PMID: 30805943 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William Horsnell
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Benjamin Dewals
- Immunology-Vaccinology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (B43b), Fundamental and Applied Research in Animals and Health (FARAH), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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21
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Axelsson J, Sabra S, Rylander L, Rignell-Hydbom A, Lindh CH, Giwercman A. Association between paternal smoking at the time of pregnancy and the semen quality in sons. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207221. [PMID: 30462692 PMCID: PMC6248964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal smoking during pregnancy has repeatedly been associated with decreased sperm counts in sons. Nevertheless, our team recently detected a lower total sperm count in the sons of smoking fathers as compared to sons of non-smoking fathers. Since paternal and maternal tobacco smoking often coincide, it is difficult to discriminate whether effects are mediated paternally or maternally when using questionnaire- or register-based studies. Therefore, getting an objective measure of the maternal nicotine exposure level during pregnancy might help disentangling the impact of paternally and maternally derived exposure. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to study how paternal smoking at the time of the pregnancy was associated with semen quality in the sons after adjusting for the maternal levels of nicotine exposure during pregnancy. METHODS We recruited 104 men (17-20 years old) from the general Swedish population. The participants answered a questionnaire about paternal smoking. Associations between smoking and semen volume, total sperm count, sperm concentration, morphology and motility were adjusted for levels of the nicotine metabolite cotinine in stored maternal serum samples obtained from rubella screening between the 6th and 35th week of pregnancy. We additionally adjusted for the estimated socioeconomic status. RESULTS After adjusting for the maternal cotinine, the men of smoking fathers had 41% lower sperm concentration and 51% lower total sperm count than the men of non-smoking fathers (p = 0.02 and 0.003, respectively). This was robust to the additional adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a negative association between paternal smoking and sperm counts in the sons, independent of the level maternal nicotine exposure during the pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Axelsson
- Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sally Sabra
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Rylander
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Rignell-Hydbom
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian H. Lindh
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aleksander Giwercman
- Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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22
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Mishra P, Negi MPS, Srivastava M, Singh K, Rajender S. Decline in seminal quality in Indian men over the last 37 years. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:103. [PMID: 30352581 PMCID: PMC6199708 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0425-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the first report of a decline in semen quality in 1974, there have been several reports of similar declines across populations. Despite some scattered reports of declining semen quality in the Indian sub-continent, comprehensive studies analyzing semen quality over the last few decades have not been undertaken. We undertook the present study to investigate the temporal trend in semen parameters in Indian populations over a period of 37 years (1979-2016). METHODS Publications providing semen analysis details for fertile and infertile men from the Indian sub-continent were collected by a thorough literature search. Semen quality data for 6466 normal fertile or presumptive normal men (from 119 studies/data sets) and 7020 infertile men (from 63 studies/data sets) published between 1979 and 2016 were retrieved. We undertook systematic review and quantitative analysis of mean sperm count, motility, normal morphology and other available parameters. Data were analyzed to estimate semen parameters reference values for Indian men and to assess temporal trends in infertile, fertile and all subjects. RESULTS Seminal quality shows a decreasing temporal trend and the decrease is higher in infertile than fertile males. In pooled analysis for all individuals, significant (p < 0.05 or < 0.001) declines in sperm concentration and normal morphology are observed; however, isolated analysis for each group shows declines without statistical significance. The mean (± SD) semen volume, sperm concentration, total motility, rapid linear progressive motility, normal sperm morphology and sperm viability for Indian fertile men are 2.88 ± 0.77 ml, 81.08 ± 29.21 million/ml, 66.37 ± 10.95%, 52.64 ± 15.78%, 56.68 ± 20.23% and 72.63 ± 8.31%, respectively, whereas in infertile these are 3.07 ± 1.27 ml, 37.94 ± 26.41 million/ml, 40.22 ± 13.76%, 26.79 ± 15.47%, 36.41 ± 21.66% and 55.25 ± 11.99%, respectively. The mean seminal parameter values were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in infertile as compared to fertile men, except semen volume. CONCLUSIONS Semen parameters in Indian men have declined with time and the deterioration is quantitatively higher in the infertile group. The study also provides reference values for semen parameters in Indian men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Mishra
- Male Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Mahendra Pal Singh Negi
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Mukesh Srivastava
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Kiran Singh
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Singh Rajender
- Male Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India.
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23
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Rodprasert W, Virtanen HE, Sadov S, Perheentupa A, Skakkebaek NE, Jørgensen N, Toppari J. An update on semen quality among young Finnish men and comparison with Danish data. Andrology 2018; 7:15-23. [PMID: 30251363 PMCID: PMC6519379 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Finnish men used to have higher semen quality than Danish men. However, recent studies showed that semen quality in Finland has declined, but it has been relatively stable in Denmark. Objective This study aimed to compare new data on semen quality of the young Finnish men to that of Danish men. Materials and methods In this cross‐sectional study, 18‐ to 19‐year‐old men residing in Turku, Finland and Copenhagen, Denmark, were invited to participate in 2008–2011. Each man filled in a questionnaire, provided one semen sample and underwent andrological examination. Semen samples were analyzed according to WHO. Multiway ANOVA was used to adjust semen variables for duration of sexual abstinence and age (and time from ejaculation to the start of semen analysis for sperm motility). Results Altogether 287 Finnish men and 873 Danish men participated in the study. The adjusted median sperm concentrations were 49 and 47 million/mL for Finnish and Danish men, respectively (p = 0.48). The adjusted median total sperm counts were 148 million in Finland and 146 million in Denmark (p = 0.87). The adjusted median percentages of morphologically normal spermatozoa were 6.9% in Finland and 6.5% in Denmark, p = 0.27. Finnish men had higher adjusted median percentages of motile spermatozoa (A+B+C) than Danish men (80% vs. 69%, p < 0.001). The proportion of men who had low semen quality (sperm concentration, percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa or percentage of progressively motile spermatozoa below WHO reference limits) was lower in Finland (25.4%) than in Denmark (34.6%), p = 0.004. Discussion Considerable percentage of men in both countries had low semen quality. The deteriorating semen quality in Finland may result in decreasing fecundity, which is a cause of concern. Conclusion The formerly high semen quality in Finland has converged to the lower Danish levels. Our findings demonstrate the importance of continuing surveillance of semen quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Rodprasert
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - H E Virtanen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - S Sadov
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - A Perheentupa
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - N E Skakkebaek
- University Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N Jørgensen
- University Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Toppari
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,University Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Colpi GM, Francavilla S, Haidl G, Link K, Behre HM, Goulis DG, Krausz C, Giwercman A. European Academy of Andrology guideline Management of oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia. Andrology 2018; 6:513-524. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. M. Colpi
- Department of Andrology and IVF; San Carlo Clinic; Paderno-Dugnano/Milano Italy
| | - S. Francavilla
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences; University of L’ Aquila; L’ Aquila Italy
| | - G. Haidl
- Department of Dermatology/Andrology Unit; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - K. Link
- Department of Translational Medicine and Reproductive Medicine Centre; Lunds University and Skane University Hospital; Malmö Sweden
| | - H. M. Behre
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology; University Hospital; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle Germany
| | - D. G. Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology; 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Medical School; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - C. Krausz
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences ‘Mario Serio’; Centre of Excellence DeNothe; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - A. Giwercman
- Department of Translational Medicine and Reproductive Medicine Centre; Lunds University and Skane University Hospital; Malmö Sweden
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Svanes C, Koplin J, Skulstad SM, Johannessen A, Bertelsen RJ, Benediktsdottir B, Bråbäck L, Elie Carsin A, Dharmage S, Dratva J, Forsberg B, Gislason T, Heinrich J, Holm M, Janson C, Jarvis D, Jögi R, Krauss-Etschmann S, Lindberg E, Macsali F, Malinovschi A, Modig L, Norbäck D, Omenaas E, Waatevik Saure E, Sigsgaard T, Skorge TD, Svanes Ø, Torén K, Torres C, Schlünssen V, Gomez Real F. Father's environment before conception and asthma risk in his children: a multi-generation analysis of the Respiratory Health In Northern Europe study. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 46:235-245. [PMID: 27565179 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Whereas it is generally accepted that maternal environment plays a key role in child health, emerging evidence suggests that paternal environment before conception also impacts child health. We aimed to investigate the association between children's asthma risk and parental smoking and welding exposures prior to conception. Methods In a longitudinal, multi-country study, parents of 24 168 offspring aged 2-51 years provided information on their life-course smoking habits, occupational exposure to welding and metal fumes, and offspring's asthma before/after age 10 years and hay fever. Logistic regressions investigated the relevant associations controlled for age, study centre, parental characteristics (age, asthma, education) and clustering by family. Results Non-allergic early-onset asthma (asthma without hay fever, present in 5.8%) was more common in the offspring with fathers who smoked before conception {odds ratio [OR] = 1.68 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.18-2.41]}, whereas mothers' smoking before conception did not predict offspring asthma. The risk was highest if father started smoking before age 15 years [3.24 (1.67-6.27)], even if he stopped more than 5 years before conception [2.68 (1.17-6.13)]. Fathers' pre-conception welding was independently associated with non-allergic asthma in his offspring [1.80 (1.29-2.50)]. There was no effect if the father started welding or smoking after birth. The associations were consistent across countries. Conclusions Environmental exposures in young men appear to influence the respiratory health of their offspring born many years later. Influences during susceptible stages of spermatocyte development might be important and needs further investigation in humans. We hypothesize that protecting young men from harmful exposures may lead to improved respiratory health in future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Svanes
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Norway.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Jennifer Koplin
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Norway.,School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Svein Magne Skulstad
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ane Johannessen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Randi Jakobsen Bertelsen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Byndis Benediktsdottir
- Department of Allergy, Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,University of Iceland, Medical Faculty
| | - Lennart Bråbäck
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Anne Elie Carsin
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shyamali Dharmage
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway.,School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julia Dratva
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Norway.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Gender & Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel University, Switzerland
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Thorarinn Gislason
- Department of Allergy, Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,University of Iceland, Medical Faculty
| | | | - Mathias Holm
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Deborah Jarvis
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Rain Jögi
- Lung Clinic, Foundation Tartu University Clinics, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Tartu University, Estonia
| | - Susanne Krauss-Etschmann
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Divison of Experimental Asthma Research, University of Kiel, Germany
| | - Eva Lindberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Ferenc Macsali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland, University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Lars Modig
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Norway.,Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Dan Norbäck
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Ernst Omenaas
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Trude Duelien Skorge
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øistein Svanes
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjell Torén
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl Torres
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Francisco Gomez Real
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland, University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Beal MA, Yauk CL, Marchetti F. From sperm to offspring: Assessing the heritable genetic consequences of paternal smoking and potential public health impacts. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 773:26-50. [PMID: 28927533 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Individuals who smoke generally do so with the knowledge of potential consequences to their own health. What is rarely considered are the effects of smoking on their future children. The objective of this work was to review the scientific literature on the effects of paternal smoking on sperm and assess the consequences to offspring. A literature search identified over 200 studies with relevant data in humans and animal models. The available data were reviewed to assess the weight of evidence that tobacco smoke is a human germ cell mutagen and estimate effect sizes. These results were used to model the potential increase in genetic disease burden in offspring caused by paternal smoking, with specific focus on aneuploid syndromes and intellectual disability, and the socioeconomic impacts of such an effect. The review revealed strong evidence that tobacco smoking is associated with impaired male fertility, and increases in DNA damage, aneuploidies, and mutations in sperm. Studies support that these effects are heritable and adversely impact the offspring. Our model estimates that, with even a modest 25% increase in sperm mutation frequency caused by smoke-exposure, for each generation across the global population there will be millions of smoking-induced de novo mutations transmitted from fathers to offspring. Furthermore, paternal smoking is estimated to contribute to 1.3 million extra cases of aneuploid pregnancies per generation. Thus, the available evidence makes a compelling case that tobacco smoke is a human germ cell mutagen with serious public health and socio-economic implications. Increased public education should be encouraged to promote abstinence from smoking, well in advance of reproduction, to minimize the transmission of harmful mutations to the next-generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Beal
- Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada; Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Carole L Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Francesco Marchetti
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada.
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Esakky P, Moley KH. Paternal smoking and germ cell death: A mechanistic link to the effects of cigarette smoke on spermatogenesis and possible long-term sequelae in offspring. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 435:85-93. [PMID: 27424142 PMCID: PMC5014701 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Paternal exposure to constituents of cigarette smoke (CS) is reportedly associated with infertility, birth defects and childhood cancers even though the mechanism behind this relationship is still unclear. Chronic cigarette smoking by men leads to poor sperm quality and quantity mainly through oxidative stress and also direct assault by CS metabolites. Among several carcinogenic and teratogenic components of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) display a preeminent role in accelerating germ cell death via the cytoplasmic transcription factor, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) that is present across all stages of spermatogenesis. Activation of AHR by growth factors though benefits normal cellular functions, its mediation by CSC in a spermatocyte cell line [Gc2(spd)ts] adversely affects the expression of a battery of genes associated with antioxidant mechanisms, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and cell cycle progress. Besides, the CSC-mediated cross talk either between AHR and NRF2 or AHR-NRF2 and MAPKs pathways inhibits normal proliferation of the spermatogenic GC-2spd(ts) cells in vitro and cell death of spermatocytes in vivo. Pharmacological inactivation of CSC-induced AHR but not its genetic manipulation seems preventing DNA and cell membrane damage in Gc2(spd)ts. Data from recent reports suggest that the cigarette smoke affects both the genomic and epigenomic components of the sperm and attributes any associated changes to developmental defects in the offspring. Thus, the studies discussed here in this review shed light on possible mechanistic factors that could probably be responsible for the paternally mediated birth defects in the offspring following exposure to the toxic constituents of cigarette smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabagaran Esakky
- Research, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Kelle H Moley
- Research, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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29
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Wang L, Han L, Liu P, Yang J, Cui Y, Bai H, Liu J, Huang Y, Huang J, Huang C, Zhao B. Moxa smoke: Is it a beneficial or hazardous factor for infertility? A preclinical study on sperm parameters and sex hormones in male rats. Eur J Integr Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Axelsson J, Rylander L, Rignell-Hydbom A, Jönsson BAG, Lindh CH, Giwercman A. Phthalate exposure and reproductive parameters in young men from the general Swedish population. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 85:54-60. [PMID: 26318515 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In animals, exposure to certain phthalates negatively affects the male reproductive function. Human results are conflicting and mostly based on subfertile males, in whom the association between exposure and reproductive function may differ from the general population. OBJECTIVES To study if levels of phthalate metabolites were associated with semen quality and reproductive hormones in general Swedish men. METHODS We recruited 314 young men delivering semen, urine and blood samples at the same visit. We analyzed reproductive hormones and several semen parameters including progressive motility and high DNA stainability (HDS)-a marker for sperm immaturity. In urine, we analyzed metabolites of phthalates, including diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). We studied associations between urinary levels of the metabolites and seminal as well as serum reproductive parameters, accounting for potential confounders. RESULTS DEHP metabolite levels, particularly urinary mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), were negatively associated with progressive sperm motility, which was 11 (95% CI: 5.0-17) percentage points lower in the highest quartile of MECPP than in the lowest. Further, men in the highest quartile of the DEHP metabolite monoethylhexyl phthalate had 27% (95% CI: 5.5%-53%) higher HDS than men in the lowest quartile. CONCLUSIONS DEHP metabolite levels seemed negatively associated with sperm motility and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Axelsson
- Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Dept. of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden; Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Lars Rylander
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Rignell-Hydbom
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo A G Jönsson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian H Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Aleksander Giwercman
- Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Dept. of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
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31
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Figueiredo JC, Ly S, Magee KS, Ihenacho U, Baurley JW, Sanchez-Lara PA, Brindopke F, Nguyen THD, Nguyen V, Tangco MI, Giron M, Abrahams T, Jang G, Vu A, Zolfaghari E, Yao CA, Foong A, DeClerk YA, Samet JM, Magee W. Parental risk factors for oral clefts among Central Africans, Southeast Asians, and Central Americans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 103:863-79. [PMID: 26466527 PMCID: PMC5049483 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Several lifestyle and environmental exposures have been suspected as risk factors for oral clefts, although few have been convincingly demonstrated. Studies across global diverse populations could offer additional insight given varying types and levels of exposures. Methods We performed an international case–control study in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (133 cases, 301 controls), Vietnam (75 cases, 158 controls), the Philippines (102 cases, 152 controls), and Honduras (120 cases, 143 controls). Mothers were recruited from hospitals and their exposures were collected from interviewer‐administered questionnaires. We used logistic regression modeling to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Family history of clefts was strongly associated with increased risk (maternal: OR = 4.7; 95% CI, 3.0–7.2; paternal: OR = 10.5; 95% CI, 5.9–18.8; siblings: OR = 5.3; 95% CI, 1.4–19.9). Advanced maternal age (5 year OR = 1.2; 95% CI, 1.0–1.3), pregestational hypertension (OR = 2.6; 95% CI, 1.3–5.1), and gestational seizures (OR = 2.9; 95% CI, 1.1–7.4) were statistically significant risk factors. Lower maternal (secondary school OR = 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2–2.2; primary school OR = 2.4, 95% CI, 1.6–2.8) and paternal education (OR = 1.9; 95% CI, 1.4–2.5; and OR = 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1–2.9, respectively) and paternal tobacco smoking (OR = 1.5, 95% CI, 1.1–1.9) were associated with an increased risk. No other significant associations between maternal and paternal factors were found; some environmental factors including rural residency, indoor cooking with wood, chemicals and water source appeared to be associated with an increased risk in adjusted models. Conclusion Our study represents one of the first international studies investigating risk factors for clefts among multiethnic underserved populations. Our findings suggest a multifactorial etiology including both maternal and paternal factors. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:863–879, 2015. © 2015 The Authors Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane C Figueiredo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stephanie Ly
- Division of Plastic & Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Community Health Sciences and California Center for Population Research, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Ugonna Ihenacho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - James W Baurley
- BioRealm LLC, Los Angeles, California.,Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Pedro A Sanchez-Lara
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Frederick Brindopke
- Division of Plastic & Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | - Maria Irene Tangco
- Operation Smile Philippines, Manila, Philippines.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | - Grace Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Annie Vu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Emily Zolfaghari
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Caroline A Yao
- Division of Plastic & Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Athena Foong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yves A DeClerk
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California and Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jonathan M Samet
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - William Magee
- Division of Plastic & Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Axelsson J, Rylander L, Rignell-Hydbom A, Lindh CH, Jönsson BAG, Giwercman A. Prenatal phthalate exposure and reproductive function in young men. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 138:264-70. [PMID: 25743932 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to phthalates is suggested to negatively impact male reproductive function, but human data are lacking. OBJECTIVES To study associations between prenatal exposure to diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and diisononyl phthalate (DiNP), and reproductive parameters of adolescent men. METHODS Using linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders, we studied associations between levels of DEHP- and DiNP metabolites in maternal sera from mean 12 weeks of pregnancy, and testicular size, semen quality and reproductive hormones in 112 adolescent sons, recruited from the general population. RESULTS Men in the highest exposure tertile of one DiNP metabolite [mono-(carboxy-iso-octyl) phthalate], compared with men in the lowest tertile had: 4.3mL (95% CI: 0.89, 7.6mL; p<0.001) lower total testicular volume; 30% (95% CI: 3.6, 63%; p=0.02) higher levels of follicle-stimulating hormone; and 0.87mL (95% CI: 0.28, 1.5mL; p=0.004) lower semen volume. Men in the highest exposure tertile of one DEHP metabolite [mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxylhexyl) phthalate] had 0.70mL (95% CI: 0.090, 1.3mL; p=0.03) lower semen volume than men in the lowest exposure tertile. The levels of two DiNP metabolites [mono-(hydroxy-iso-nonyl) phthalate and mono-(oxo-iso-nonyl) phthalate] were linearly associated with luteinizing hormone (p<0.01). CONCLUSION Prenatal levels of some metabolites of DEHP and DiNP seemed negatively associated with reproductive function of adolescent men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Axelsson
- Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Lars Rylander
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Rignell-Hydbom
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian H Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo A G Jönsson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Aleksander Giwercman
- Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
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Al-Turki HA. Effect of smoking on reproductive hormones and semen parameters of infertile Saudi Arabians. Urol Ann 2015; 7:63-6. [PMID: 25657547 PMCID: PMC4310120 DOI: 10.4103/0974-7796.148621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this retrospective study is to look into the effect of smoking on semen and hormonal profile of Saudi Arabians attending infertility clinics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical record numbers of patients who attended infertility clinics and who underwent full assessment were identified rom Quadramed system and out-patient log books between January 2010 and December 2012. The standard protocol of the patients include full history, age, number of years of marriage personal habits of smoking, alcohol consumption, primary or secondary infertility. Standard laboratory tests which were performed, included, complete blood picture, random blood sugar, testosterone, follicle stimulation hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin level and semen analysis; volume, count, progressive motility and morphology. The data was entered in the database and analyzed. RESULTS During the study period, 279 patients attended and infertility clinic and only 258 gave the sample for analysis. The average age of patients in the smoking group was 34.23 ± 7.66 and in the nonsmokers 34.07 ± 7.92 years. Primary infertility was more common in smokers versus nonsmokers P < 0.001 confidence interval (CI)< -44.0705, total serum testosterone level was lower 383.8 ± 239.5 versus 422.5 ± 139.2 ng/dL (0.009 CI< -9.9415), serum prolactin level was higher 18.68 ± 13.28 versus 12.85 ± 12.34 ng/mL (0.001 CI < 8.3794). The average volume of the semen among the smokers was 2.8 ± 1.35 mL and in nonsmokers it was 3.08 ± 0.76 mL (P < 0.008 CI< -0.123). The mean progressive motility in smokers was 31.5 ± 23.1 compared to nonsmokers 40.05 ± 25.43% (0.002 CI< -3.2962) and total sperm count was 119.52 ± 114.12 and 139.71 ± 104.82 million/mL (0.07 CI < 1.4657). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the effect of smoking is dramatic reduction in the hormonal levels and semen parameters. It is recommended that smoking men undergoing fertility treatment should stop smoking to increase their chances of having offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa A. Al-Turki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia
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