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Linares-Maurizi A, Awad R, Durbec A, Reversat G, Gros V, Galano JM, Bertrand-Michel J, Durand T, Pradelles R, Oger C, Vigor C. Stress-Induced Production of Bioactive Oxylipins in Marine Microalgae. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:406. [PMID: 39330287 PMCID: PMC11432788 DOI: 10.3390/md22090406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Microalgae, stemming from a complex evolutionary lineage, possess a metabolic composition influenced by their evolutionary journey. They have the capacity to generate diverse polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), akin to those found in terrestrial plants and oily fish. Also, because of their numerous double bonds, these metabolic compounds are prone to oxidation processes, leading to the creation of valuable bioactive molecules called oxylipins. Moreover, owing to their adaptability across various environments, microalgae offer an intriguing avenue for biosynthesizing these compounds. Thus, modifying the culture conditions could potentially impact the profiles of oxylipins. Indeed, the accumulation of oxylipins in microalgae is subject to the influence of growth conditions, nutrient availability, and stressors, and adjusting these factors can enhance their production in microalgae culture. Consequently, the present study scrutinized the LC-MS/MS profiles of oxylipins from three marine microalgae species (two Haptagophytes and one Chlorophyte) cultivated in 1 L of photobioreactors under varying stress-inducing conditions, such as the introduction of H2O2, EtOAc, and NaCl, during their exponential growth phase. Approximately 50 oxylipins were identified, exhibiting different concentrations depending on the species and growth circumstances. This research suggests that microalgae metabolisms can be steered toward the production of bioactive oxylipins through modifications in the culture conditions. In this instance, the application of a low dose of hydrogen peroxide to Mi 124 appears to stimulate the production of nonenzymatic oxylipins. For Mi136, it is the application of salt stress that seems to increase the overall production of oxylipins. In the case of Mi 168, either a low concentration of H2O2 or a high concentration of AcOEt appears to have this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandyne Linares-Maurizi
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France (R.A.); (G.R.); (V.G.); (J.-M.G.); (T.D.); (C.O.)
- Microphyt, 713 Route de Mudaison, 34670 Baillargues, France;
| | - Rana Awad
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France (R.A.); (G.R.); (V.G.); (J.-M.G.); (T.D.); (C.O.)
| | - Anaelle Durbec
- MetaToul, MetaboHUB, Inserm/UPS UMR 1048, I2MC, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, 31077 Toulouse, France; (A.D.); (J.B.-M.)
| | - Guillaume Reversat
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France (R.A.); (G.R.); (V.G.); (J.-M.G.); (T.D.); (C.O.)
| | - Valérie Gros
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France (R.A.); (G.R.); (V.G.); (J.-M.G.); (T.D.); (C.O.)
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France (R.A.); (G.R.); (V.G.); (J.-M.G.); (T.D.); (C.O.)
| | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- MetaToul, MetaboHUB, Inserm/UPS UMR 1048, I2MC, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, 31077 Toulouse, France; (A.D.); (J.B.-M.)
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France (R.A.); (G.R.); (V.G.); (J.-M.G.); (T.D.); (C.O.)
| | - Rémi Pradelles
- Microphyt, 713 Route de Mudaison, 34670 Baillargues, France;
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France (R.A.); (G.R.); (V.G.); (J.-M.G.); (T.D.); (C.O.)
| | - Claire Vigor
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France (R.A.); (G.R.); (V.G.); (J.-M.G.); (T.D.); (C.O.)
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Maltseva I, Yakoviichuk A, Maltseva S, Cherkashina S, Kulikovskiy M, Maltsev Y. Biochemical and Antioxidant Characteristics of Chlorococcum oleofaciens (Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta) under Various Cultivation Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2413. [PMID: 39273897 PMCID: PMC11397108 DOI: 10.3390/plants13172413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
The functional state of enrichment cultures of the Chlorophycean strain Chlorococcum oleofaciens CAMU MZ-Ch4 under various cultivation conditions was studied. Experiments with different aeration conditions, cultivation durations, and nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the medium were carried out to evaluate the growth dynamics of the strain and its biochemical characteristics. The contents of chlorophylls, carotenoids, proteins, lipids, retinol, α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, lipid peroxidation products, antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase), and succinate dehydrogenase activity were measured. The lipid content on the fully supplemented Bold's basal medium increased to 381.03 mg g-1 dry weight at the late stationary growth phase. This value is 1.3-2.8 times higher than in other experiments. The use of aeration was associated with an increased content of proteins at 283.56 mg g-1 and of carotenoids at 2.12 mg g-1. Also, cultures at the early stationary growth phase with aeration showed the ability to accumulate phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid in amounts up to 0.32 mg g-1 and 0.19 mg g-1. The 74-day-old cultures had the highest contents of retinol (0.16 mg g-1) and α-tocopherol (0.68 mg g-1). Growth in nitrogen- and phosphorus-depleted media increased catalase and superoxide dismutase activity. A comprehensive analysis of all data showed that the antioxidant defence system is stress-resistant and flexible under varying aeration conditions and nitrogen and phosphorus availabilities. Thus, the strain CAMU MZ-Ch4 can be considered a potential producer of lipids, pigments, proteins, and vitamins under various culturing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Maltseva
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Melitopol State University, 72312 Melitopol
| | - Aleksandr Yakoviichuk
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Melitopol State University, 72312 Melitopol
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Maltseva
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Maxim Kulikovskiy
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yevhen Maltsev
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, 127276 Moscow, Russia
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Abreu S, Lejeune C, David M, Chaminade P, Virolle MJ. Impact of the Deletion of Genes of the Nitrogen Metabolism on Triacylglycerol, Cardiolipin and Actinorhodin Biosynthesis in Streptomyces coelicolor. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1560. [PMID: 39203402 PMCID: PMC11356632 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Since nitrogen limitation is known to be an important trigger of triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in most microorganisms, we first assessed the global lipid content of 21 strains derived from Streptomyces coelicolor M145 deleted for genes involved in nitrogen metabolism. Seven of these strains deleted for genes encoding proteins involved in polyamine (GlnA2/SCO2241, GlnA3/SCO6962, GlnA4/SCO1613), or protein (Pup/SCO1646) degradation, in the regulation of nitrogen metabolism (GlnE/SCO2234 and GlnK/SCO5584), or the global regulator DasR/SCO5231 that controls negatively the degradation of N-acetylglucosamine, a constituent of peptidoglycan, had a higher TAG content than the original strain, whereas five of these strains (except the glnA2 and pup mutants) had a lower cardiolipin (CL) content. The production of the blue polyketide actinorhodin (ACT) was totally abolished in the dasR mutant in both Pi conditions, whereas the deletion of pup, glnA2, glnA3, and glnA4 was correlated with a significant increase in total ACT production, but mainly in Pi limitation. Unexpectedly, ACT production was strongly reduced in the glnA3 mutant in Pi proficiency. Altogether, our data suggest that high TAG and ACT biosynthesis and low CL biosynthesis might all contribute to the lowering of oxidative stress resulting from nitrogen limitation or from other causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Abreu
- Lip (Sys)2 (Lipides Systèmes Analytiques et Biologiques), UFR Pharmacie-Bâtiment Henri Moissan, CNRS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 17 Avenue des Sciences, 91400 Orsay, France; (S.A.); (P.C.)
| | - Clara Lejeune
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Department of Microbiology, Group “Energetic Metabolism of Streptomyces”, CNRS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France (M.D.)
| | - Michelle David
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Department of Microbiology, Group “Energetic Metabolism of Streptomyces”, CNRS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France (M.D.)
| | - Pierre Chaminade
- Lip (Sys)2 (Lipides Systèmes Analytiques et Biologiques), UFR Pharmacie-Bâtiment Henri Moissan, CNRS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 17 Avenue des Sciences, 91400 Orsay, France; (S.A.); (P.C.)
| | - Marie-Joelle Virolle
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Department of Microbiology, Group “Energetic Metabolism of Streptomyces”, CNRS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France (M.D.)
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Vijayan J, Wase N, Liu K, Morse W, Zhang C, Riekhof WR. ROS-mediated thylakoid membrane remodeling and triacylglycerol biosynthesis under nitrogen starvation in the alga Chlorella sorokiniana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1418049. [PMID: 39040507 PMCID: PMC11261311 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1418049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Many microbes accumulate energy storage molecules such as triglycerides (TAG) and starch during nutrient limitation. In eukaryotic green algae grown under nitrogen-limiting conditions, triglyceride accumulation is coupled with chlorosis and growth arrest. In this study, we show that reactive oxygen species (ROS) actively accumulate during nitrogen limitation in the microalga Chlorella sorokiniana. Accumulation of ROS is mediated by the downregulation of genes encoding ROS-quenching enzymes, such as superoxide dismutases, catalase, peroxiredoxin, and glutathione peroxidase-like, and by the upregulation of enzymes involved in generating ROS, such as NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and amine oxidases. The expression of genes involved in ascorbate and glutathione metabolism is also affected under this condition. ROS accumulation contributes to the degradation of monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG) and thylakoid membrane remodeling, leading to chlorosis. Quenching ROS under nitrogen limitation reduces the degradation of MGDG and the accumulation of TAG. This work shows that ROS accumulation, membrane remodeling, and TAG accumulation under nitrogen limitation are intricately linked in the microalga C. sorokiniana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jithesh Vijayan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Nishikant Wase
- PPD, part of ThermoFisher Scientific, Henrico, VA, United States
| | - Kan Liu
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Wyatt Morse
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Wayne R. Riekhof
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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Ganguly A, Nag S, Bhowmick TK, Gayen K. Phycoremediation of As(III) and Cr(VI) by Desmodesmus subspicatus: Impact on growth and biomolecules (carbohydrate, protein, chlorophyll and lipid) - A dual mode investigation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:48545-48560. [PMID: 39031311 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34390-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae are under research focus for the simultaneous production of biomolecules (e.g., carbohydrates, proteins, pigments and lipids) and bioremediation of toxic substances from wastewater. The current study explores the capability of indigenously isolated microalgae (Desmodesmus subspicatus) for the phycoremediation of As(III) and Cr(VI). Variation of biomolecules (carbohydrate, protein, lipid and chlorophyll) was investigated during phycoremediation. D. subspicatus survived up to the toxicity level of 10 mg/L for As(III) and 0.8 mg/L for Cr(VI). A 70% decline in carbohydrate accumulation was observed at 10 mg/L of As(III). An increased content of proteins (+ 28%) and lipids (+ 32%) within the cells was observed while growing in 0.5 and 0.2 mg/L of As(III) and Cr(VI) respectively. A decrease in carbohydrate accumulation was noted with increasing Cr(VI) concentration, and the lowest (- 44%) was recorded at 0.8 mg/L Cr(VI). D. subspicatus showed an excellent maximum removal efficiency for Cr(VI) and As(III) as 77% and 90% respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Ganguly
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, West Tripura, Agartala, Tripura, 799046, India
| | - Soma Nag
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, West Tripura, Agartala, Tripura, 799046, India
| | - Tridib Kumar Bhowmick
- Department of Bioengineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, West Tripura, Agartala, Tripura, 799046, India
| | - Kalyan Gayen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, West Tripura, Agartala, Tripura, 799046, India.
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Saber H, Galal HR, Abo-Eldahab M, Alwaleed E. Enhancing the biodiesel production in the green alga Chlorella vulgaris by heavy metal stress and prediction of fuel properties from fatty acid profiles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:35952-35968. [PMID: 38743336 PMCID: PMC11136779 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33538-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The green microalga Chlorella vulgaris was used as a test organism during this study for evaluation of the impact of different heavy metal stress, Mn2+, Co2+, and Zn2+, on enhancing the biodiesel production. The algal cultures were grown for 13 days under heavy metal stress after which were subjected to estimation of growth, some primary metabolites, lipid, and fatty acid profiles. The maximum lipid accumulation (283.30 mg/g CDW) was recorded in the algal culture treated with 3 µM cobalt nitrate. Application of 2 mM manganese chloride; 1, 2, and 3 μM cobalt nitrate; and 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mM zinc sulfate caused highly significant increases in the lipid contents amounting to 183.8, 191.4, 230.6, 283.3, 176.3, 226.0, and 212.1 mg/g CDW, respectively, in comparison to control (153.4 mg/g CDW). The maximum proportion of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (64.44%) was noted in the culture treated with 6 mM MnCl2 due to the existence of palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), and pentadecylic acid (C15:0) which are represented by 53.59%, 5.96%, and 1.37%, respectively, of the total FAs. Relative increase in energy compound (REEC) showed that 1, 2, and 3 µM Co2+ lead to the highest stimulation in lipid and carbohydrate contents to 0.207, 0.352, and 0.329 × 103%, respectively. Empirical formulas were used for the assessment of biodiesel fuel properties based on FAME composition. The estimated properties met the prescribed international standard criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Saber
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
| | - Hamdy Ramadan Galal
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abo-Eldahab
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Eman Alwaleed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
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Montoya‐Arroyo A, Muñoz‐González A, Lehnert K, Frick K, Schmid‐Staiger U, Vetter W, Frank J. Monodopsis subterranea is a source of α-tocomonoenol, and its concentration, in contrast to α-tocopherol, is not affected by nitrogen depletion. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:1869-1879. [PMID: 38455160 PMCID: PMC10916641 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
α-Tomonoenols (αT1) are tocochromanols structurally related to tocopherols (T) and tocotrienols (T3), the bioactive members of the vitamin E family. However, limited evidence exists regarding the sources and biosynthesis of tocomonoenols. Nitrogen depletion increases the content of α-tocopherol (αT), the main vitamin E congener, in microalgae, but little is known regarding its effect on other tocochromanols, such as tocomonoenols and tocotrienols. We therefore quantified the concentrations of T, T1, and T3, in freeze-dried biomass from nitrogen-sufficient, and nitrogen-depleted Monodopsis subterranea (Eustigmatophyceae). The identities of isomers of αT1 were confirmed by LC-MS and GC-MS. αT was the predominant tocochromanol (82% of total tocochromanols). αT1 was present in higher quantities than the sum of all T3 (6% vs. 1% of total tocochromanols). 11'-αT1 was the main αT1 isomer. Nitrogen depletion increased αT, but not αT1 or T3 in M. subterranea. In conclusion, nitrogen depletion increased the content of αT, the biologically most active form of vitamin E, in M. subterranea without affecting αT1 and T3 and could potentially be used as a strategy to enhance its nutritional value but not to increase αT1 content, indicating that αT1 accumulation is independent of that of αT in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandra Muñoz‐González
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences (140b)University of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
- School of Food TechnologyUniversity of Costa RicaSan PedroCosta Rica
| | - Katja Lehnert
- Institute of Food Chemistry (170b)University of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Konstantin Frick
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma TechnologyUniversity of StuttgartStuttgartGermany
| | - Ulrike Schmid‐Staiger
- Innovation Field Functional IngredientsFraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGBStuttgartGermany
| | - Walter Vetter
- Institute of Food Chemistry (170b)University of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Jan Frank
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences (140b)University of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
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Truong TQ, Park YJ, Winarto J, Huynh PK, Moon J, Choi YB, Song DG, Koo SY, Kim SM. Understanding the Impact of Nitrogen Availability: A Limiting Factor for Enhancing Fucoxanthin Productivity in Microalgae Cultivation. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:93. [PMID: 38393064 PMCID: PMC10889934 DOI: 10.3390/md22020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the regulation of fucoxanthin (FX) biosynthesis under various nitrogen conditions to optimize FX productivity in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Apart from light, nitrogen availability significantly affects the FX production of microalgae; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In batch culture, P. tricornutum was cultivated with normal (NN, 0.882 mM sodium nitrate), limited (LN, 0.22 mM), and high (HN, 8.82 mM) initial nitrogen concentrations in f/2 medium. Microalgal growth and photosynthetic pigment production were examined, and day 5 samples were subjected to fucoxanthin-chlorophyll a/c-binding protein (FCP) proteomic and transcriptomic analyses. The result demonstrated that HN promoted FX productivity by extending the exponential growth phase for higher biomass and FX accumulation stage (P1), showing a continuous increase in FX accumulation on day 6. Augmented FX biosynthesis via the upregulation of carotenogenesis could be primarily attributed to enhanced FCP formation in the thylakoid membrane. Key proteins, such as LHC3/4, LHCF8, LHCF5, and LHCF10, and key genes, such as PtPSY, PtPDS, and PtVDE, were upregulated under nitrogen repletion. Finally, the combination of low light and HN prolonged the P1 stage to day 10, resulting in maximal FX productivity to 9.82 ± 0.56 mg/L/day, demonstrating an effective strategy for enhancing FX production in microalgae cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- To Quyen Truong
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (T.Q.T.); (J.W.); (P.K.H.)
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.P.); (J.M.); (Y.B.C.)
| | - Yun Ji Park
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.P.); (J.M.); (Y.B.C.)
| | - Jessica Winarto
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (T.Q.T.); (J.W.); (P.K.H.)
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.-G.S.); (S.Y.K.)
| | - Phuong Kim Huynh
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (T.Q.T.); (J.W.); (P.K.H.)
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.P.); (J.M.); (Y.B.C.)
| | - Jinyoung Moon
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.P.); (J.M.); (Y.B.C.)
| | - Yeong Bin Choi
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.P.); (J.M.); (Y.B.C.)
| | - Dae-Geun Song
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.-G.S.); (S.Y.K.)
| | - Song Yi Koo
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.-G.S.); (S.Y.K.)
| | - Sang Min Kim
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (T.Q.T.); (J.W.); (P.K.H.)
- Smart Farm Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.P.); (J.M.); (Y.B.C.)
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Duan J, Li C, Zheng Y, Huang A, Xie Z. Characterization of exogenous lactate addition on the growth, photosynthetic performance, and biochemical composition of four bait microalgae strains. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad259. [PMID: 37960882 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To quickly obtain the biomass of bait microalgae with high value-added products, researchers have examined the influence of biochemical and environmental factors on the growth rates and biochemical composition of microalgae. Previous studies have shown that lactate plays an important role in metabolic regulation in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous lactate on the growth rates, photosynthetic efficiency, and biochemical composition of four commonly used bait microalgae in aquaculture. METHODS AND RESULTS The optical density of the algal cultures at specific time points, YII, Fv/Fm, and the total lipid, protein, soluble sugar, insoluble sugar, chlorophyll a, and carotenoid content of P. tricornutum, Isochrysis galbana (I. galbana), Chaetoceros muelleri, and Cylindrotheca fusiformis were determined. In I. galbana, the growth rate was enhanced with the addition of lactate, even though higher concentrations of lactate were associated with a decrease in YII and Fv/Fm. In general, the total lipid content of these microalgal strains increased gradually in a concentration-dependent manner over the range of lactate concentrations. In addition, higher concentrations of lactate also induced significant changes in the total soluble and insoluble sugar levels in all microalgal strains. However, chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents increased at lower but decreased at higher concentrations of lactate in all microalgal strains. The total protein content was significantly elevated at all concentrations of lactate in P. tricornutum, whereas there were no significant differences in that of C. fusiformis. CONCLUSIONS Lactate effective influences in the growth, metabolism, and synthesis of important biochemical components in the four microalgal strains under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, HainanChina
- Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Marine Microbial Resource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Chenhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, HainanChina
- Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Marine Microbial Resource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
- College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Yimeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, HainanChina
- Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Marine Microbial Resource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
- College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Aiyou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, HainanChina
- Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Marine Microbial Resource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
- College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Zhenyu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, HainanChina
- Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Marine Microbial Resource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
- College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
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10
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Akbar MA, Mohd Yusof NY, Usup G, Ahmad A, Baharum SN, Bunawan H. Nutrient Deficiencies Impact on the Cellular and Metabolic Responses of Saxitoxin Producing Alexandrium minutum: A Transcriptomic Perspective. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:497. [PMID: 37755110 PMCID: PMC10532982 DOI: 10.3390/md21090497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum Halim is commonly associated with harmful algal blooms (HABs) in tropical marine waters due to its saxitoxin production. However, limited information is available regarding the cellular and metabolic changes of A. minutum in nutrient-deficient environments. To fill this gap, our study aimed to investigate the transcriptomic responses of A. minutum under nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency. The induction of nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency resulted in the identification of 1049 and 763 differently expressed genes (DEGs), respectively. Further analysis using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed 702 and 1251 enriched gene ontology (GO) terms associated with nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency, respectively. Our results indicate that in laboratory cultures, nitrogen deficiency primarily affects meiosis, carbohydrate catabolism, ammonium assimilation, ion homeostasis, and protein kinase activity. On the other hand, phosphorus deficiency primarily affects the carbon metabolic response, cellular ion transfer, actin-dependent cell movement, signalling pathways, and protein recycling. Our study provides valuable insights into biological processes and genes regulating A. minutum's response to nutrient deficiencies, furthering our understanding of the ecophysiological response of HABs to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Afiq Akbar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of System Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Nurul Yuziana Mohd Yusof
- Department of Earth Science and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.Y.M.Y.); (G.U.)
| | - Gires Usup
- Department of Earth Science and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.Y.M.Y.); (G.U.)
| | - Asmat Ahmad
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Syarul Nataqain Baharum
- Institute of System Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Hamidun Bunawan
- Institute of System Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
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11
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Wan X, Yao G, Wang K, Liu Y, Wang F, Jiang H. Transcriptomic Analysis of the Response of the Toxic Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima to Phosphorous Limitation. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2216. [PMID: 37764060 PMCID: PMC10535992 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Some dinoflagellates cause harmful algal blooms, releasing toxic secondary metabolites, to the detriment of marine ecosystems and human health. Phosphorus (P) is a limiting macronutrient for dinoflagellate growth in the ocean. Previous studies have been focused on the physiological response of dinoflagellates to ambient P changes. However, the whole-genome's molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, RNA-Seq was utilized to compare the global gene expression patterns of a marine diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxin-producing dinoflagellate, Prorocentrum lima, grown in inorganic P-replete and P-deficient conditions. A total of 148 unigenes were significantly up-regulated, and 30 unigenes were down-regulated under 1/4 P-limited conditions, while 2708 unigenes were significantly up-regulated, and 284 unigenes were down-regulated under 1/16 P-limited conditions. KEGG enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes shows that genes related to ribosomal proteins, glycolysis, fatty acid biosynthesis, phagosome formation, and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis are found to be up-regulated, while most of the genes related to photosynthesis are down-regulated. Further analysis shows that genes encoding P transporters, organic P utilization, and endocytosis are significantly up-regulated in the P-limited cells, indicating a strong ability of P. lima to utilize dissolved inorganic P as well as intracellular organic P. These transcriptomic data are further corroborated by biochemical and physiological analyses, which reveals that under P deficiency, cellular contents of starch, lipid, and toxin increase, while photosynthetic efficiency declines. Our results indicate that has P. lima evolved diverse strategies to acclimatize to low P environments. The accumulation of carbon sources and DSP toxins could provide protection for P. lima to cope with adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China; (X.W.); (G.Y.); (K.W.); (Y.L.); (F.W.)
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12
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Nakayasu M, Amano M, Tanaka T, Shimakawa G, Matsuda Y. Different Responses of Photosynthesis to Nitrogen Starvation Between Highly Oil-Accumulative Diatoms, Fistulifera solaris and Mayamaea sp. JPCC CTDA0820. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 25:272-280. [PMID: 36856914 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-023-10203-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Highly oil-accumulative diatoms are expected to be a promising biomass for the production of biofuel. To harvest the diatom oils at high yields, it is critical to elucidate the relationship of oil accumulation with photosynthesis under fluctuating environmental conditions. Here, we characterized the physiological responses of the growth and photosynthesis in the mesophilic diatom Fistulifera solaris and the cold-tolerant one Mayamaea sp. JPCC CTDA0820 to nitrogen starvation, one of the most notable abiotic stresses, where most eukaryotic algae decrease their photosynthetic activity and accumulate oil in the cells. While F. solaris started showing growth retardation at NaNO3 levels less than 50% of a normal F/2 artificial seawater (ASW) medium, Mayamaea sp. sustained normal growth even at a NaNO3 level 10% of normal F/2ASW, indicating the sharp contrast of nitrogen requirement between these two diatom species. In the transition from 100 to 0% nitrogen conditions in the modified F/2ASW, F. solaris showed a clear suppression of chlorophyll (Chl)-based photosynthetic O2 evolution rate and relative electron transport rate at photosystem II, which were negatively correlated to the capacity of non-photochemical quenching. Meanwhile, there was no change in these Chl-based parameters observed in nitrogen-starved Mayamaea sp. Instead, Mayamaea sp. showed a significant decrease in the Chl a amount per cells. These data suggested the occurrence of two types of photosynthetic responses to nitrogen starvation in oleaginous diatoms; that is, (1) suppression of photosynthetic activity per Chl with enhancing heat dissipation of excess light energy and (2) synchronous suppression of cellular photosynthetic activity with Chl amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Nakayasu
- Department of Bioscience, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Momoka Amano
- Department of Bioscience, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tanaka
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Ginga Shimakawa
- Department of Bioscience, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Matsuda
- Department of Bioscience, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan.
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13
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Bo Y, Chu R, Sun D, Deng X, Zhou C, Yan X, Ruan R, Cheng P. Mixotrophic culture of bait microalgae for biomass and nutrients accumulation and their synergistic carbon metabolism. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 367:128301. [PMID: 36370937 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae cannot meet the bait demand for aquaculture due to light intensity limitation and other disadvantageous conditions. This research selected 6 mixotrophic microalgae, and the optimal strains and organic carbon were screened. The results showed that Thalassiosira pseudonana and Chlorella sp. are suitable for mixotrophic culture. The maximum cell density of Thalassiosira pseudonana was found to be 1.67 times than that of the photoautotrophic group when glycerol was added. The maximum cell density of Chlorella sp. with acetic acid was 1.69 times than that of the photoautotrophic group. When the concentration of acetic acid was 5.0 g·L-1 and the concentration of KNO3 was 0.2 g·L-1, the maximum biomass of Chlorella sp. could reach 3.54 × 107 cells·mL-1; the maximum biomass of Thalassiosira pseudonana was 5.53 × 106 cells·mL-1 with 10.0 g·L-1 glycerol and 0.2 g·L-1 KNO3. Metabolomic analysis further revealed that mixotrophic bait microalgae could promote the accumulation of lipids and amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Bo
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Ruirui Chu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Danni Sun
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Xiangyuan Deng
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212100 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chengxu Zhou
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Pengfei Cheng
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
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14
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Sirohi P, Verma H, Singh SK, Singh VK, Pandey J, Khusharia S, Kumar D, Kaushalendra, Teotia P, Kumar A. Microalgal Carotenoids: Therapeutic Application and Latest Approaches to Enhance the Production. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:6257-6279. [PMID: 36547088 PMCID: PMC9777246 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44120427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are microscopic photosynthetic organisms frequently found in fresh and marine water ecosystems. Various microalgal species have been considered a reservoir of diverse health-value products, including vitamins, proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides, and are broadly utilized as food and for the treatment of human ailments such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, allergies, and immunodeficiency. Microalgae-derived carotenoids are the type of accessory pigment that possess light-absorbing potential and play a significant role in metabolic functions. To date, nearly a thousand carotenoids have been reported, but a very less number of microalgae have been used for the commercial production of carotenoids. This review article briefly discussed the carotenoids of microalgal origin and their therapeutic application. In addition, we have briefly compiled the optimization of culture parameters used to enhance microalgal carotenoid production. In addition, the latest biotechnological approaches used to improve the yields of carotenoid has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sirohi
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida International University, Greater Noida 203201, India
| | - Hariom Verma
- Department of Botany, B.R.D. Government Degree College Duddhi, Sonbhadra 231216, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | | | - Jyoti Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, Singhania University, Pacheri Barı, Jhunjhunu 333515, India
| | - Saksham Khusharia
- Kuwar SatyaVira College of Engineering and Management, Bijnor 246701, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- Department of Zoology, C.M.B. College, Deorh, Ghoghardiha 847402, India
| | - Kaushalendra
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University (A Central University), Pachhunga University College Campus, Aizawl 796001, India
| | - Pratibha Teotia
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida International University, Greater Noida 203201, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)—Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel
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15
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Gutiérrez-Casiano N, Hernández-Aguilar E, Alvarado-Lassman A, Méndez-Contreras JM. Removal of carbon and nitrogen in wastewater from a poultry processing plant in a photobioreactor cultivated with the microalga Chlorella vulgaris. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2022; 57:620-633. [PMID: 35808869 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2096986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the removal of COD and nitrogen from poultry wastewater in photobioreactors. Cell growth, the effect of light intensity (3200, 9800, and 12000 lux) and air flow (1.6, 3.2, and 4.8 L min-1) as a source of CO2 in bold basal medium and wastewater with different concentrations of COD were evaluated. The growth kinetics were modeled by using the Gompertz model and logistic model for both culture media. COD removals of up to 95% were achieved, and poultry wastewater was found to be a viable growing medium for Chlorella vulgaris. Finally, the wastewater met Mexican standards, and biomass was obtained with products valued as lipids (3.2 g lipid/100 g biomass) and proteins (342.94 mg L-1). The culture was found to have a dilatory behavior, and the rheological models of Ostwald de Waele, Ostwald de Waele linealized and Herschel Bulkley were utilized, showing a laminar behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayeli Gutiérrez-Casiano
- Instituto Tecnológico de Orizaba, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Mexico
| | | | - Alejandro Alvarado-Lassman
- Instituto Tecnológico de Orizaba, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan M Méndez-Contreras
- Instituto Tecnológico de Orizaba, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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16
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Li L, Zhu T, Huang L, Ren M. Target of Rapamycin Signaling Involved in the Regulation of Photosynthesis and Cellular Metabolism in Chlorella sorokiniana. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137451. [PMID: 35806454 PMCID: PMC9266951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Target of rapamycin (TOR) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a central regulating role in cell proliferation, growth, and metabolism, but little is known about the TOR signaling pathway in Chlorella sorokiniana. In this study, a Chlorella sorokiniana DP-1 strain was isolated and identified, and its nutritional compositions were analyzed. Based on homologous sequence analysis, the conserved CsTOR protein was found in the genome of Chlorella sorokiniana. In addition, the key components of TOR complex 1 (TORC1) were present, but the components of TORC2 (RICTOR and SIN1) were absent in Chlorella sorokiniana. Pharmacological assays showed that Chlorella sorokiniana DP-1 was insensitive to rapamycin, Torin1 and KU0063794, whereas AZD8055 could significantly inhibit the growth of Chlorella sorokiniana. RNA-seq analysis showed that CsTOR regulated various metabolic processes and signal transduction pathways in AZD8055-treated Chlorella sorokiniana DP-1. Most genes involved in photosynthesis and carbon fixation in Chlorella sorokiniana DP-1 were significantly downregulated under CsTOR inhibition, indicating that CsTOR positively regulated the photosynthesis in Chlorella sorokiniana. Furthermore, CsTOR controlled protein synthesis and degradation by positively regulating ribosome synthesis and negatively regulating autophagy. These observations suggested that CsTOR plays an important role in photosynthesis and cellular metabolism, and provide new insights into the function of CsTOR in Chlorella sorokiniana.
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17
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Balzano S, Sardo A. Bioinformatic prediction of putative metallothioneins in non-ciliate protists. Biol Lett 2022; 18:20220039. [PMID: 35414221 PMCID: PMC9006003 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular ligands that bind heavy metals (HMs) and thereby minimize their detrimental effects to cellular metabolism are attracting great interest for a number of applications including bioremediation and development of HM-biosensors. Metallothioneins (MTs) are short, cysteine-rich, genetically encoded proteins involved in intracellular metal-binding and play a key role in detoxification of HMs. We searched approximately 700 genomes and transcriptomes of non-ciliate protists for novel putative MTs by similarity and structural analyses and found 21 unique proteins playing a potential role as MTs. Most putative MTs derive from heterokonts and dinoflagellates and share common features such as (i) a putative metal-binding domain in proximity of the N-terminus, (ii) two putative MT-specific domains near the C-terminus and (iii) one to three CTCGXXCXCGXXCXCXXC patterns. Although the biological function of these proteins has not been experimentally proven, knowledge of their genetic sequences adds useful information on proteins that are potentially involved in HM-binding and can contribute to the design of future biomolecular assays on HM-microbe interactions and MT-based biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Balzano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Napoli (SZN), Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, via Ammiraglio Ferdinando Acton 55, 80133, Naples, Italy.,NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 1790AB Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Sardo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Napoli (SZN), Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, via Ammiraglio Ferdinando Acton 55, 80133, Naples, Italy.,Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti - CNR, via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
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18
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Liu T, Chen Z, Xiao Y, Yuan M, Zhou C, Liu G, Fang J, Yang B. Biochemical and Morphological Changes Triggered by Nitrogen Stress in the Oleaginous Microalga Chlorella vulgaris. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030566. [PMID: 35336142 PMCID: PMC8949318 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oleaginous microalgae have been considered promising sources of biodiesel due to their high lipid content. Nitrogen limitation/starvation is one of the most prominent strategies to induce lipid accumulation in microalgae. Nonetheless, despite numerous studies, the mechanism underlying this approach is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nitrogen limitation and starvation on biochemical and morphological changes in the microalga Chlorella vulgaris FACHB-1068, thereby obtaining the optimal nitrogen stress strategy for maximizing the lipid productivity of microalgal biomass. The results showed that nitrogen limitation (nitrate concentration < 21.66 mg/L) and starvation enhanced the lipid content but generally decreased the biomass productivity, pigment concentration, and protein content in algal cells. Comparatively, 3-day nitrogen starvation was found to be a more suitable strategy to produce lipid-rich biomass. It resulted in an increased biomass production and satisfactory lipid content of 266 mg/L and 31.33%, respectively. Besides, nitrogen starvation caused significant changes in cell morphology, with an increase in numbers and total size of lipid droplets and starch granules. Under nitrogen starvation, saturated fatty acids (C-16:0, C-20:0, and C-18:0) accounted for the majority of the total fatty acids (~80%), making C. vulgaris FACHB-1068 a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. Our work may contribute to a better understanding of the biochemical and morphological changes in microalgae under nitrogen stress. Besides, our work may provide valuable information on increasing the lipid productivity of oleaginous microalgae by regulating nitrogen supply.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bo Yang
- Correspondence: (J.F.); (B.Y.)
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19
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Latest Expansions in Lipid Enhancement of Microalgae for Biodiesel Production: An Update. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15041550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Research progress on sustainable and renewable biofuel has gained motion over the years, not just due to the rapid reduction of dwindling fossil fuel supplies but also due to environmental and potential energy security issues as well. Intense interest in microalgae (photosynthetic microbes) as a promising feedstock for third-generation biofuels has grown over recent years. Fuels derived from algae are now considered sustainable biofuels that are promising, renewable, and clean. Therefore, selecting the robust species of microalgae with substantial features for quality biodiesel production is the first step in the way of biofuel production. A contemporary investigation is more focused on several strategies and techniques to achieve higher biomass and triglycerides in microalgae. The improvement in lipid enhancement in microalgae species by genetic manipulation approaches, such as metabolic or genetic alteration, and the use of nanotechnology are the most recent ways of improving the production of biomass and lipids. Hence, the current review collects up-to-date approaches for microalgae lipid increase and biodiesel generation. The strategies for high biomass and high lipid yield are discussed. Additionally, various pretreatment procedures that may aid in lipid harvesting efficiency and improve lipid recovery rate are described.
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20
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Physiological Response of an Oil-Producing Microalgal Strain to Salinity and Light Stress. Foods 2022; 11:foods11020215. [PMID: 35053947 PMCID: PMC8774561 DOI: 10.3390/foods11020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
By separating and extracting algae from the collected water samples, an oil-producing diatom strain was obtained. Microscopic observation of the strain revealed that its morphological characteristics were highly similar to those of the genus Cyclotella. The cloning of 18S rDNA and phylogenetic analysis showed that the algae were clustered with Cyclotella menegheniana with a high support rate, indicating that the alga was C. menegheniana. The fatty acid content of the alga was determined and found to be mainly C14, C16, and C18 fatty acids, which were in accordance with the relevant standards for edible oil. In this study, different gradient levels of salinity and light were set to investigate the culture and bioactive substance production of C. menegheniana. The results showed that the best growth condition was achieved when the salinity was 15 g·L−1, and its biomass and oil content were the highest at 0.27 g·L−1 and 21%, respectively. The final biomass was the highest when the light intensity was 2000 Lux and the oil content was 18.7%. The results of the study provided a basis for the large-scale production of edible oils and biodiesel.
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21
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Lin Y, Huang L, Zhang X, Yang J, Chen X, Li F, Liu J, Huang R. Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Anti- Staphylococcus aureus Activity of Actinomycin D Originating from Streptomyces parvulus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212231. [PMID: 34830114 PMCID: PMC8621895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common pathogen that causes various serious diseases, including chronic infections. Discovering new antibacterial agents is an important aspect of the pharmaceutical field because of the lack of effective antibacterial drugs. In our research, we found that one anti-S. aureus substance is actinomycin D, originating from Streptomyces parvulus (S. parvulus); then, we further focused on the anti-S. aureus ability and the omics profile of S. aureus in response to actinomycin D. The results revealed that actinomycin D had a significant inhibitory activity on S. aureus with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 μg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 64 μg/mL. Bacterial reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased 3.5-fold upon treatment with actinomycin D, as was measured with the oxidation-sensitive fluorescent probe DCFH-DA, and H2O2 increased 3.5 times with treatment by actinomycin D. Proteomics and metabolomics, respectively, identified differentially expressed proteins in control and treatment groups, and the co-mapped correlation network of proteomics and metabolomics annotated five major pathways that were potentially related to disrupting the energy metabolism and oxidative stress of S. aureus. All findings contributed to providing new insight into the mechanisms of the anti-S. aureus effects of actinomycin D originating from S. parvulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (L.H.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Li Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (L.H.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Jiajia Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (L.H.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Xiaodan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (L.H.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Fengming Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (L.H.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Jun Liu
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (R.H.)
| | - Riming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (L.H.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (F.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (R.H.)
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22
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Kamalanathan M, Mapes S, Hillhouse J, Claflin N, Leleux J, Hala D, Quigg A. Molecular mechanism of oil induced growth inhibition in diatoms using Thalassiosira pseudonana as the model species. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19831. [PMID: 34615889 PMCID: PMC8494926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98744-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil-spill exposed the microbes of Gulf of Mexico to unprecedented amount of oil. Conclusive evidence of the underlying molecular mechanism(s) on the negative effects of oil exposure on certain phytoplankton species such as Thalassiosira pseudonana is still lacking, curtailing our understanding of how oil spills alter community composition. We performed experiments on model diatom T. pseudonana to understand the mechanisms underpinning observed reduced growth and photosynthesis rates during oil exposure. Results show severe impairment to processes upstream of photosynthesis, such as light absorption, with proteins associated with the light harvesting complex damaged while the pigments were unaffected. Proteins associated with photosynthetic electron transport were also damaged, severely affecting photosynthetic apparatus and depriving cells of energy and carbon for growth. Negative growth effects were alleviated when an organic carbon source was provided. Further investigation through proteomics combined with pathway enrichment analysis confirmed the above findings, while highlighting other negatively affected processes such as those associated with ferroxidase complex, high-affinity iron-permease complex, and multiple transmembrane transport. We also show that oxidative stress is not the primary route of negative effects, rather secondary. Overall, this study provides a mechanistic understanding of the cellular damage that occurs during oil exposure to T. pseudonana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kamalanathan
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77553, USA.
| | - Savannah Mapes
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77553, USA
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA, 23062, USA
| | - Jessica Hillhouse
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77553, USA
| | - Noah Claflin
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77553, USA
| | - Joshua Leleux
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77553, USA
| | - David Hala
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77553, USA
| | - Antonietta Quigg
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77553, USA
- Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
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23
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Iron homeostasis in the absence of ferricrocin and its consequences in fungal development and insect virulence in Beauveria bassiana. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19624. [PMID: 34608174 PMCID: PMC8490459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The putative ferricrocin synthetase gene ferS in the fungal entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana BCC 2660 was identified and characterized. The 14,445-bp ferS encodes a multimodular nonribosomal siderophore synthetase tightly clustered with Fusarium graminearum ferricrocin synthetase. Functional analysis of this gene was performed by disruption with the bar cassette. ΔferS mutants were verified by Southern and PCR analyses. HPLC and TLC analyses of crude extracts indicated that biosynthesis of ferricrocin was abolished in ΔferS. Insect bioassays surprisingly indicated that ΔferS killed the Spodoptera exigua larvae faster (LT50 59 h) than wild type (66 h). Growth and developmental assays of the mutant and wild type demonstrated that ΔferS had a significant increase in germination under iron depletion and radial growth and a decrease in conidiation. Mitotracker staining showed that the mitochondrial activity was enriched in ΔferS under both iron excess and iron depletion. Comparative transcriptomes between wild type and ΔferS indicated that the mutant was increased in the expression of eight cytochrome P450 genes and those in iron homeostasis, ferroptosis, oxidative stress response, ergosterol biosynthesis, and TCA cycle, compared to wild type. Our data suggested that ΔferS sensed the iron excess and the oxidative stress and, in turn, was up-regulated in the antioxidant-related genes and those in ergosterol biosynthesis and TCA cycle. These increased biological pathways help ΔferS grow and germinate faster than the wild type and caused higher insect mortality than the wild type in the early phase of infection.
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24
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Nicolò MS, Gugliandolo C, Rizzo MG, Zammuto V, Cicero N, Dugo G, Guglielmino SPP. Nutritional conditions of the novel freshwater Coccomyxa AP01 for versatile fatty acids composition. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:401-412. [PMID: 34260800 PMCID: PMC9292221 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study was to analyse the biomass production and fatty acids (FAs) profiles in a newly isolated chlorophyte, namely Coccomyxa AP01, under nutritionally balanced (NB) conditions (comparing nitrate and urea as nitrogen sources) and nitrogen or phosphate deprivation. METHODS AND RESULTS Lipid yields was about 30%-40% of dried biomasses in all examined nutritional conditions. Under NB conditions, lipids were principally constituted by monounsaturated FAs, mainly represented by oleic acid, and saturated and polyunsaturated FAs at similar concentrations. Nutrients deprivation induced remarkable changes in FAs profiles, with the highest amounts of saturated (42%-46%), followed by similar amounts of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated, and the emergence of rare long-chain FAs. Under phosphate deprivation, biomass yield was similar to NB conditions, with the highest yield of saturated (mainly palmitic acid) and of polyunsaturated FAs (33%) (mainly linoleic and linolenic acids). CONCLUSIONS Balanced or deprived nutritional conditions in Coccomyxa AP01 induced a selective production and composition of FAs. The phosphate-deprivation condition concomitantly provided high biomass yield and the production of high value saturated and polyunsaturated FAs with industrial interest. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Coccomyxa AP01 could be considered a promising source of different FAs, including also docosapentaenoic acid, for several commercial purposes spanning from biodiesel production, pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications to innovative aquaculture fish feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sebastiano Nicolò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Concetta Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Rizzo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Zammuto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Dugo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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25
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Chen H, Li K, Xue C, Wang Q. A Novel Method for Non-invasive Estimation of Primary Productivity in Aquatic Ecosystems Using a Chlorophyll Fluorescence-Induced Dynamic Curve. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:682250. [PMID: 34194414 PMCID: PMC8236984 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.682250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic microalgae are a major contributor to primary productivity in aquatic ecosystems, but typical measurements of their biomass and productivity are costly and relatively inefficient. The chlorophyll fluorescence induced dynamic (OJIP) curve can reflect the original photochemical reaction and the changes to the function and structure of photosystems as well as the effects of environmental factors on photosynthetic systems. Here, we present a novel method for estimating the Chl a content and photosynthetic microalgal cell density in water samples using the integral area of the OJIP curve. We identify strong linear relationships between OJIP curve integrals and both Chl a contents and cell densities for a variety of microalgal cultures and natural communities. Based on these findings, we present a non-invasive method to estimate primary productivity in aquatic ecosystems and monitor microalgal populations. We believe that this technique will allow for widespread, rapid, and inexpensive estimating of water primary productivity and monitoring of microalgal populations in natural water. This method is potentially useful in health assessment of natural water and as an early warning indicator for algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Kunfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunling Xue
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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26
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Chen H, Wang Q. Regulatory mechanisms of lipid biosynthesis in microalgae. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2373-2391. [PMID: 34101323 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal lipids are highly promising feedstocks for biofuel production. Microalgal lipids, especially triacylglycerol, and practical applications of these compounds have received increasing attention in recent years. For the commercial use of microalgal lipids to be feasible, many fundamental biological questions must be addressed based on detailed studies of algal biology, including how lipid biosynthesis occurs and is regulated. Here, we review the current understanding of microalgal lipid biosynthesis, with a focus on the underlying regulatory mechanisms. We also present possible solutions for overcoming various obstacles to understanding the basic biology of microalgal lipid biosynthesis and the practical application of microalgae-based lipids. This review will provide a theoretical reference for both algal researchers and decision makers regarding the future directions of microalgal research, particularly pertaining to microalgal-based lipid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
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27
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Soleymani Robati SM, Nosrati M, Ghanati F, Hajnowrouzi A, Grizeau D, Dupré C. Increase in lipid productivity and photosynthetic activities during distillery wastewater decolorization by Chlorella vulgaris cultures. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3339-3351. [PMID: 33783589 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11233-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Finding an eco-friendly process for the decolorization of distillery wastewaters is a major concern. This study shows that the Chlorella vulgaris CCAP 211/19 strain can be used for color removal and direct production of oleaginous biomass. A response surface method was used for determining optimal operating conditions, including the dilution factor of industrial wastewater. The highest daily light supply values were the most efficient for color removal. The analysis of the microalgae physiological status confirmed that these colored waters could have a photoprotective action. Moreover, the increase in photosystem 2 activities of C. vulgaris CCAP 211/19 strain after short-term incubations in the presence of a synthetic melanoidin confirmed that this fraction is involved in the enhancement of lipid-enriched biomass production. The results show for the first time the stimulation effect of a melanoidin fraction on the lipid content and productivity by C. vulgaris. These results suggest that this approach may be used to design a closed loop, including water and CO2 recycling for the wastewater dilution and photosynthetic carbon fixation, respectively, while providing biomass for useful renewable algae-based feedstocks of potential interest for a distillery process. KEY POINTS: • Chlorella vulgaris cultures can be used for decolorization of distillery wastewaters. • Diluted distillery wastewaters stimulate biomass and lipid productivities. • Melanoidins, as well as distillery wastewater, stimulate photosynthetic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mojtaba Soleymani Robati
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Nantes University, CNRS, GEPEA, UMR 6144, F-44600, Saint-Nazaire, France
| | - Mohsen Nosrati
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Faezeh Ghanati
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abazar Hajnowrouzi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dominique Grizeau
- Nantes University, CNRS, GEPEA, UMR 6144, F-44600, Saint-Nazaire, France
| | - Catherine Dupré
- Nantes University, CNRS, GEPEA, UMR 6144, F-44600, Saint-Nazaire, France
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28
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Ma H, Wu X, Wei Z, Zhao L, Li Z, Liang Q, Zheng J, Wang Y, Li Y, Huang L, Hu Q, Han D. Functional divergence of diacylglycerol acyltransferases in the unicellular green alga Haematococcus pluvialis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:510-524. [PMID: 33005924 PMCID: PMC7853605 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) catalyzes the final committed step in triacylglycerol biosynthesis in eukaryotes. In microalgae, the copy number of DGAT genes is extraordinarily expanded, yet the functions of many DGATs remain largely unknown. This study revealed that microalgal DGAT can function as a lysophosphatidic acyltransferase (LPAAT) both in vitro and in vivo while losing its original function as DGAT. Among the five DGAT-encoding genes identified and cloned from the green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis, four encoded HpDGATs that showed triacylglycerol synthase activities in yeast functional complementation analyses; the exception was one of the type II DGAT encoding genes, HpDGTT2. The hydrophobic recombinant HpDGTT2 protein was purified in soluble form and was found to function as a LPAAT via enzymatic assay. Introducing this gene into the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii led to retarded cellular growth, enlarged cell size, and enhanced triacylglycerol accumulation, identical to the phenotypes of transgenic strains overexpressing CrLPAAT. This study provides a framework for dissecting uncharacterized DGATs, and could pave the way to decrypting the structure-function relationship of this large group of enzymes that are critical to lipid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Ma
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziwang Wei
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Liang Zhao
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongze Li
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Liang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Linfei Huang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Algae Biomass, SDIC Biotech Investment Corporation, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: or
| | - Danxiang Han
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: or
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29
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Azospirillum brasilense reduces oxidative stress in the green microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana under different stressors. J Biotechnol 2020; 325:179-185. [PMID: 33147514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated oxidative stress in the green microalgae, Chlorella sorokiniana, in co-culture with the plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB), Azospirillum brasilense. This relationship was studied in the absence of an exogenous stressor, under copper stress, and under nitrogen limitation stress. We confirmed that copper and nitrogen limitation induced algal oxidative stress and reductions in chlorophyll content. In all cases, the presence of A. brasilense lowered the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) while promoting chlorophyll content. This effect was driven, in part, by A. brasilense's secretion of the auxin hormone, indole-3-acetic acid, which is known to mitigate stress in higher plants. The findings of the present study show that stress mitigation by A. brasilense resulted in suppressed starch accumulation under nitrogen limitation stress and neutral lipid accumulation under copper stress. In fact, A. brasilense could almost completely mitigate oxidative stress in C. sorokiniana resulting from nitrogen limitation, with ROS accumulation rates comparable to the axenic control cultures. The biotechnological implication of these findings is that co-culture strategies with A. brasilense (and similar PGPB) are most effective for high growth applications. A second growth stage may be needed to induce accumulation of desired products.
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30
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Sulochana SB, Arumugam M. Targeted Metabolomic and Biochemical Changes During Nitrogen Stress Mediated Lipid Accumulation in Scenedesmus quadricauda CASA CC202. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:585632. [PMID: 33195150 PMCID: PMC7604524 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.585632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Scenedesmus quadricauda CASA CC202, a potent freshwater microalga is being used as a biofuel feedstock, which accumulates 2.27 fold lipid during nitrogen stress induction. Upon nitrogen starvation, S. quadricauda undergoes biochemical and metabolic changes that perturb the cell to cope up the stress condition. The nitrogen stress-induced biochemical changes in mitochondrion exhibits due to the oxidative stress-induced Reactive Oxygen species (ROS) generation at high membrane potential (Δψm). The predominant ROS generated during nitrogen starvation was H2O2, OH–, O2⋅− and to suppress them, scavenging enzymes such as peroxidase and catalase increased to about 23.16 and 0.79 U/ml as compared to control (20.2, 0.19 U/ml). The targeted metabolic analysis showed, stress-related non-proteinogenic amino acids and energy equivalents elevated during the initial hours of nitrogen starvation. The nitrogen stress-triggered biochemical and metabolic changes along with other cellular events eventually lead to lipid accumulation in S. quadricauda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujitha Balakrishnan Sulochana
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Muthu Arumugam
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
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31
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Coulombier N, Nicolau E, Le Déan L, Barthelemy V, Schreiber N, Brun P, Lebouvier N, Jauffrais T. Effects of Nitrogen Availability on the Antioxidant Activity and Carotenoid Content of the Microalgae Nephroselmis sp. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E453. [PMID: 32872415 PMCID: PMC7551860 DOI: 10.3390/md18090453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephroselmis sp. was previously identified as a species of interest for its antioxidant properties owing to its high carotenoid content. In addition, nitrogen availability can impact biomass and specific metabolites' production of microalgae. To optimize parameters of antioxidant production, Nephroselmis sp. was cultivated in batch and continuous culture conditions in stirred closed photobioreactors under different nitrogen conditions (N-repletion, N-limitation, and N-starvation). The aim was to determine the influence of nitrogen availability on the peroxyl radical scavenging activity (oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay) and carotenoid content of Nephroselmis sp. Pigment analysis revealed a specific and unusual photosynthetic system with siphonaxanthin-type light harvesting complexes found in primitive green algae, but also high lutein content and xanthophyll cycle pigments (i.e., violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, and zeaxanthin), as observed in most advanced chlorophytes. The results indicated that N-replete conditions enhance carotenoid biosynthesis, which would correspond to a higher antioxidant capacity measured in Nephroselmis sp. Indeed, peroxyl radical scavenging activity and total carotenoids were higher under N-replete conditions and decreased sharply under N-limitation or starvation conditions. Considering individual carotenoids, siphonaxanthin, neoxanthin, xanthophyll cycle pigments, and lycopene followed the same trend as total carotenoids, while β-carotene and lutein stayed stable regardless of the nitrogen availability. Carotenoid productivities were also higher under N-replete treatment. The peroxyl radical scavenging activity measured with ORAC assay (63.6 to 154.9 µmol TE g-1 DW) and the lutein content (5.22 to 7.97 mg g-1 DW) were within the upper ranges of values reported previously for other microalgae. Furthermore, contents of siphonaxanthin ere 6 to 20% higher than in previous identified sources (siphonous green algae). These results highlight the potential of Nephroselmis sp. as a source of natural antioxidant and as a pigment of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elodie Nicolau
- Ifremer, RBE/BRM/LPBA, Rue de l’île d’Yeu, 44311 Nantes, France; (E.N.); (N.S.)
| | - Loïc Le Déan
- Ifremer, IRD, Univ Nouvelle-Calédonie, Univ La Réunion, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, BP 32078, 98800 Nouméa, New Caledonia; (L.L.D.); (V.B.); (P.B.); (T.J.)
| | - Vanille Barthelemy
- Ifremer, IRD, Univ Nouvelle-Calédonie, Univ La Réunion, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, BP 32078, 98800 Nouméa, New Caledonia; (L.L.D.); (V.B.); (P.B.); (T.J.)
| | - Nathalie Schreiber
- Ifremer, RBE/BRM/LPBA, Rue de l’île d’Yeu, 44311 Nantes, France; (E.N.); (N.S.)
| | - Pierre Brun
- Ifremer, IRD, Univ Nouvelle-Calédonie, Univ La Réunion, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, BP 32078, 98800 Nouméa, New Caledonia; (L.L.D.); (V.B.); (P.B.); (T.J.)
| | - Nicolas Lebouvier
- ISEA, EA7484, Université de la Nouvelle Calédonie, Campus de Nouville, 98851 Nouméa, New Caledonia;
| | - Thierry Jauffrais
- Ifremer, IRD, Univ Nouvelle-Calédonie, Univ La Réunion, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, BP 32078, 98800 Nouméa, New Caledonia; (L.L.D.); (V.B.); (P.B.); (T.J.)
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Shin JH, Choi J, Jeon J, Kumar M, Lee J, Jeong WJ, Kim SR. The establishment of new protein expression system using N starvation inducible promoters in Chlorella. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12713. [PMID: 32728100 PMCID: PMC7391781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69620-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorella is a unicellular green microalga that has been used in fields such as bioenergy production and food supplementation. In this study, two promoters of N (nitrogen) deficiency-inducible Chlorella vulgaris N Deficiency Inducible (CvNDI) genes were isolated from Chlorella vulgaris UTEX 395. These promoters were used for the production of a recombinant protein, human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (hG-CSF) in Chlorella vulgaris UTEX 395 and Chlorella sp. ArM0029B. To efficiently secrete the hG-CSF, the protein expression vectors incorporated novel signal peptides obtained from a secretomics analysis of Chlorella spp. After a stable transformation of those vectors with a codon-optimized hG-CSF sequence, hG-CSF polypeptides were successfully produced in the spent media of the transgenic Chlorella. To our knowledge, this is the first report of recombinant protein expression using endogenous gene components of Chlorella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hye Shin
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Juyoung Choi
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongmin Jeon
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Manu Kumar
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Juhyeon Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Joong Jeong
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seong-Ryong Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Distinct roles of alternative oxidase pathway during the greening process of etiolated algae. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:816-827. [PMID: 32712832 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1755-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The vital function of mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway in optimizing photosynthesis during plant de-etiolation has been well recognized. However, whether and how AOX impacts the chloroplast biogenesis in algal cells remains unclear. In the present study, the role of AOX in regulating the reassembly of chloroplast in algal cells was investigated by treating Auxenochlorella protothecoides with salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM), the specific inhibitor to AOX, in the heterotrophy to autotrophy transition process. Several lines of evidences including delayed chlorophyll accumulation, lagged reorganization of chloroplast structure, altered PSI/PSII stoichiometry, and declined photosynthetic activities in SHAM treated cells indicated that the impairment in AOX activity dramatically hindered the development of functioning chloroplast in algal cells. Besides, the cellular ROS levels and activities of antioxidant enzymes were increased by SHAM treatment, and the perturbation on the balance of NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH ratios was also observed in A. protothecoides lacking AOX activity, indicating that AOX was essential in promoting ROS scavenging and keeping the redox homeostasis for algal chloroplast development during greening. Overall, our study revealed the essentiality of mitochondrial AOX pathway in sustaining algal photosynthetic performance and provided novel insights into the physiological roles of AOX on the biogenesis of photosynthetic organelle in algae.
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Isoprostanoid Profiling of Marine Microalgae. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071073. [PMID: 32708411 PMCID: PMC7407139 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Algae result from a complex evolutionary history that shapes their metabolic network. For example, these organisms can synthesize different polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as those found in land plants and oily fish. Due to the presence of numerous double-bonds, such molecules can be oxidized nonenzymatically, and this results in the biosynthesis of high-value bioactive metabolites named isoprostanoids. So far, there have been only a few studies reporting isoprostanoid productions in algae. To fill this gap, the current investigation aimed at profiling isoprostanoids by liquid chromatography -mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in four marine microalgae. A good correlation was observed between the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) produced by the investigated microalgal species and their isoprostanoid profiles. No significant variations in the content of oxidized derivatives were observed for Rhodomonas salina and Chaetoceros gracilis under copper stress, whereas increases in the production of C18-, C20- and C22-derived isoprostanoids were monitored in Tisochrysis lutea and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide, no significant changes were observed for C. gracilis and for T. lutea, while variations were monitored for the other two algae. This study paves the way to further studying the physiological roles of isoprostanoids in marine microalgae and exploring these organisms as bioresources for isoprostanoid production.
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Zheng Y, Xue C, Chen H, He C, Wang Q. Low-Temperature Adaptation of the Snow Alga Chlamydomonas nivalis Is Associated With the Photosynthetic System Regulatory Process. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1233. [PMID: 32587584 PMCID: PMC7297934 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The alga Chlamydomonas nivalis thrives in polar snow fields and on high-altitude mountain tops, and contributes significantly on primary production in the polar regions, however, the mechanisms underlying this adaptation to low temperatures are unknown. Here, we compared the growth, photosynthetic activity, membrane lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant activity of C. nivalis with those of the model alga C. reinhardtii, under grow temperature and low temperatures. C. nivalis maintained its photosynthetic activity in these conditions by reducing the light-harvesting ability of photosystem II and enhancing the cyclic electron transfer around photosystem I, both of which limited damage to the photosystem from excess light energy and resulted in ATP production, supporting cellular growth and other physiological processes. Furthermore, the increased cyclic electron transfer rate, carotenoid content, and antioxidant enzyme activities jointly regulated the reactive oxygen species levels in C. nivalis, enabling recovery from excess excitation energy and reduced photooxidative damage to the cell. Therefore, we propose a model in which adaptive mechanisms related to photosynthetic regulation promote the survival and even blooming of C. nivalis under polar environment, suggesting that C. nivalis can provide organic carbon sources as an important primary producer for other surrounding life in the polar regions for maintaining ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunling Xue
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chenliu He
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Sundararaghavan A, Mukherjee A, Sahoo S, Suraishkumar GK. Mechanism of the oxidative stress‐mediated increase in lipid accumulation by the bacterium,R. opacusPD630: Experimental analysis and genome‐scale metabolic modeling. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:1779-1788. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Archanaa Sundararaghavan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences buildingIndian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai India
| | | | - Swagatika Sahoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Initiative for Biological Systems EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai India
| | - G. K. Suraishkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences buildingIndian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai India
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Patel A, Karageorgou D, Rova E, Katapodis P, Rova U, Christakopoulos P, Matsakas L. An Overview of Potential Oleaginous Microorganisms and Their Role in Biodiesel and Omega-3 Fatty Acid-Based Industries. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E434. [PMID: 32204542 PMCID: PMC7143722 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are known to be natural oil producers in their cellular compartments. Microorganisms that accumulate more than 20% w/w of lipids on a cell dry weight basis are considered as oleaginous microorganisms. These are capable of synthesizing vast majority of fatty acids from short hydrocarbonated chain (C6) to long hydrocarbonated chain (C36), which may be saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), depending on the presence and number of double bonds in hydrocarbonated chains. Depending on the fatty acid profile, the oils obtained from oleaginous microorganisms are utilized as feedstock for either biodiesel production or as nutraceuticals. Mainly microalgae, bacteria, and yeasts are involved in the production of biodiesel, whereas thraustochytrids, fungi, and some of the microalgae are well known to be producers of very long-chain PUFA (omega-3 fatty acids). In this review article, the type of oleaginous microorganisms and their expertise in the field of biodiesel or omega-3 fatty acids, advances in metabolic engineering tools for enhanced lipid accumulation, upstream and downstream processing of lipids, including purification of biodiesel and concentration of omega-3 fatty acids are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Patel
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden; (A.P.); (E.R.); (U.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Dimitra Karageorgou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece; (D.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Emma Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden; (A.P.); (E.R.); (U.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Petros Katapodis
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece; (D.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden; (A.P.); (E.R.); (U.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden; (A.P.); (E.R.); (U.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden; (A.P.); (E.R.); (U.R.); (P.C.)
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Lu H, Chen H, Tang X, Yang Q, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Chen W. Time-resolved multi-omics analysis reveals the role of nutrient stress-induced resource reallocation for TAG accumulation in oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:116. [PMID: 32625246 PMCID: PMC7328260 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01757-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global resource reallocation is an established critical strategy through which organisms deal with environmental stress. The regulation of intracellular lipid storage or utilization is one of the most important strategies for maintaining energy homeostasis and optimizing growth. Oleaginous microorganisms respond to nitrogen deprivation by inducing lipid hyper accumulation; however, the associations between resource allocation and lipid accumulation are poorly understood. RESULTS Here, the time-resolved metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics data were generated in response to nutrient availability to examine how metabolic alternations induced by nitrogen deprivation drive the triacylglycerols (TAG) accumulation in M. alpina. The subsequent accumulation of TAG under nitrogen deprivation was a consequence of the reallocation of carbon, nitrogen sources, and lipids, rather than an up-regulation of TAG biosynthesis genes. On one hand, nitrogen deprivation induced the down-regulation of isocitrate dehydrogenase level in TCA cycle and redirected glycolytic flux of carbon from amino acid biosynthesis into fatty acids' synthesis; on the other hand, nitrogen deprivation induced the up-regulation of cell autophagy and ubiquitin-mediated protein proteolysis which resulted in a recycling of preformed protein nitrogen and carbon. Combining with the up-regulation of glutamate decarboxylase and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase in GABA shunt, and the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in the central hub involving pyruvate/phosphoenolpyruvate/oxaloacetate, the products from nitrogen-containing compounds degradation were recycled to be intermediates of TCA cycle and be shunted toward de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids. We found that nitrogen deprivation increased the protein level of phospholipase C/D that contributes to degradation of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, and supplied acyl chains for TAG biosynthesis pathway. In addition, ATP from substrate phosphorylation was presumed to be a critical factor regulation of the global resource allocation and fatty acids' synthesis rate. CONCLUSIONS The present findings offer a panoramic view of resource allocation by M. alpina in response to nutrient stress and revealed a set of intriguing associations between resource reallocation and TAG accumulation. This system-level insight provides a rich resource with which to explore in-depth functional characterization and gain information about the strategic combination of strain development and process integration to achieve optimal lipid productivity under nutrient stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengqian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004 China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004 China
| | - Yong Q. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048 China
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Mao X, Lao Y, Sun H, Li X, Yu J, Chen F. Time‑resolved transcriptome analysis during transitions of sulfur nutritional status provides insight into triacylglycerol (TAG) and astaxanthin accumulation in the green alga Chromochloris zofingiensis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:128. [PMID: 32695224 PMCID: PMC7367374 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01768-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromochloris zofingiensis, an oleaginous microalga, is a promising feedstock for the co-production of triacylglycerol (TAG)-based biodiesel and the high-value product astaxanthin. To reveal the molecular mechanism of TAG and astaxanthin biosynthesis during transitions of sulfur nutritional status, namely sulfur-starvation (SS) and sulfur-replenishment (SR), the physiological responses and the transcriptomic dynamics of C. zofingiensis were examined. RESULTS The results revealed a reversible TAG and astaxanthin accumulation under SS, which is correlated with the reduction of cell growth and protein content, indicating the reallocation of carbon. By correlating the data on the physiological and transcriptional responses to different sulfur nutritional status, a model for the underlying mechanism of TAG and astaxanthin accumulation in C. zofingiensis was postulated, which involved up-regulation of key genes including diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGTT5) and beta-carotene ketolase (BKT1), increased energy and NADPH supply by elevating the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the oxidative pentose phosphate (OPP) pathway, and the increased carbon precursors (pyruvate and acetyl-CoA) through central carbon metabolism. In addition, the net enhancement of the de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids and the re-direction of the terpenoid precursors toward the branch catalyzed by lycopene beta cyclase (LCYb) and BKT1 escalated the substrate availability for the biosynthesis of TAG and astaxanthin, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the time-resolved transcriptional analysis of C. zofingiensis under SS and SR conditions was reported for the first time to elucidate the regulatory roles of key enzymes, including DGTT5, BKT1 and LCYb, in the underlying mechanisms of TAG and astaxanthin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Mao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Yongmin Lao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Han Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Jianfeng Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Feng Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
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40
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Nitrogen supplemented by symbiotic Rhizobium stimulates fatty-acid oxidation in Chlorella variabilis. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Schediwy K, Trautmann A, Steinweg C, Posten C. Microalgal kinetics - a guideline for photobioreactor design and process development. Eng Life Sci 2019; 19:830-843. [PMID: 32624976 PMCID: PMC6999068 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinetics generally describes bio‐(chemical) reaction rates in dependence on substrate concentrations. Kinetics for microalgae is often adapted from heterotrophs and lacks mechanistic foundation, e.g. for light harvesting. Using and understanding kinetic equations as the representation of intracellular mechanisms is essential for reasonable comparisons and simulations of growth behavior. Summarizing growth kinetics in one equation does not yield reliable models. Piecewise linear or rational functions may mimic photosynthesis irradiance response curves, but fail to represent the mechanisms. Our modeling approach for photoautotrophic growth comprises physical and kinetic modules with mechanistic foundation extracted from the literature. Splitting the light submodel into the modules for light distribution, light absorption, and photosynthetic sugar production with independent parameters allows the transfer of kinetics between different reactor designs. The consecutive anabolism depends among others on nutrient concentrations. The nutrient uptake kinetics largely impacts carbon partitioning in the reviewed stoichiometry range of cellular constituents. Consecutive metabolic steps mask each other and demand a maximum value understandable as the minimum principle of growth. These fundamental modules need to be clearly distinguished, but may be modified or extended based on process conditions and progress in research. First, discussion of kinetics helps to understand the physiological situation, for which ranges of parameter values are given. Second, kinetics should be used for photobioreactor design, but also for gassing and nutrient optimization. Numerous examples are given for both aspects. Finally, measuring kinetics more comprehensively and precisely will help in improved process development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Schediwy
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section III: Bioprocess Engineering Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany
| | | | - Christian Steinweg
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section III: Bioprocess Engineering Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Clemens Posten
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section III: Bioprocess Engineering Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany
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Kukolj C, Pedrosa FO, de Souza GA, Sumner LW, Lei Z, Sumner B, do Amaral FP, Juexin W, Trupti J, Huergo LF, Monteiro RA, Valdameri G, Stacey G, de Souza EM. Proteomic and Metabolomic Analysis of Azospirillum brasilense ntrC Mutant under High and Low Nitrogen Conditions. J Proteome Res 2019; 19:92-105. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Kukolj
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR, P.O. Box 19046, 81531980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fábio O. Pedrosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR, P.O. Box 19046, 81531980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Lloyd W. Sumner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Bond Life Sciences Center, 1201 Rollins Street, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Zhentian Lei
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Bond Life Sciences Center, 1201 Rollins Street, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Bond Life Sciences Center, 1201 Rollins Street, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Barbara Sumner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Bond Life Sciences Center, 1201 Rollins Street, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Bond Life Sciences Center, 1201 Rollins Street, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | | | | | | | - Luciano F. Huergo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR, P.O. Box 19046, 81531980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Setor Litoral, UFPR, Matinhos, Paraná 80060-000, Brazil
| | - Rose Adele Monteiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR, P.O. Box 19046, 81531980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Glaucio Valdameri
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR, P.O. Box 19046, 81531980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, UFPR, Curitiba, Paraná 80060-000, Brazil
| | | | - Emanuel M. de Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR, P.O. Box 19046, 81531980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Low-temperature catalyst based Hydrothermal liquefaction of harmful Macroalgal blooms, and aqueous phase nutrient recycling by microalgae. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11384. [PMID: 31388042 PMCID: PMC6684647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47664-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of harmful green macroalgal blooms at a temperature of 270 °C with, and without a catalyst with a holding time of 45 min. The effect of different catalysts on the HTL product yield was also studied. Two separation methods were used for recovering the biocrude oil yield from the solid phase. On comparision with other catalyst, Na2CO3 was found to produce higher yiled of bio-oil. The total bio-oil yield was 20.10% with Na2CO3, 18.74% with TiO2, 17.37% with CaO, and 14.6% without a catalyst. The aqueous phase was analyzed for TOC, COD, TN, and TP to determine the nutrient enrichment of water phase for microalgae cultivation. Growth of four microalgae strains viz., Chlorella Minutissima, Chlorella sorokiniana UUIND6, Chlorella singularis UUIND5 and Scenedesmus abundans in the aqueous phase were studied, and compared with a standard growth medium. The results indicate that harmful macroalgal blooms are a suitable feedstock for HTL, and its aqueous phase offers a promising nutrient source for microalgae.
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Tran QG, Cho K, Park SB, Kim U, Lee YJ, Kim HS. Impairment of starch biosynthesis results in elevated oxidative stress and autophagy activity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9856. [PMID: 31285472 PMCID: PMC6614365 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-degradation system wherein cellular materials are recycled. Although autophagy has been extensively studied in yeast and mammalian systems, integrated stress responses in microalgae remain poorly understood. Accordingly, we carried out a comparative study on the oxidative stress responses of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii wild-type and a starchless (sta6) mutant previously shown to accumulate high lipid content under adverse conditions. To our surprise, the sta6 mutant exhibited significantly higher levels of lipid peroxidation in the same growth conditions compared to controls. The sta6 mutant was more sensitive to oxidative stress induced by H2O2, whereas the wild-type was relatively more resistant. In addition, significantly up-regulated autophagy-related factors including ATG1, ATG101, and ATG8 were maintained in the sta6 mutant regardless of nitrogen availability. Also, the sta6 mutant exhibited relatively higher ATG8 protein level compared to wild-type under non-stress condition, and quickly reached a saturation point of autophagy when H2O2 was applied. Our results indicate that, in addition to the impact of carbon allocation, the increased lipid phenotype of the sta6 mutant may result from alterations in the cellular oxidative state, which in turn activates autophagy to clean up oxidatively damaged components and fuel lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh-Giao Tran
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB school of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Kichul Cho
- Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Europe, Campus E 7.1, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| | - Su-Bin Park
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB school of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Urim Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB school of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jae Lee
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sik Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB school of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Gupta N, Khare P, Singh DP. Nitrogen-dependent metabolic regulation of lipid production in microalga Scenedesmus vacuolatus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:706-713. [PMID: 30878807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microalga Scenedesmus vacuolatus exhibited maximum growth, protein and carbohydrate contents at 10.0 mM concentration of nitrate, 1.0 mM of glutamate nitrogen and at C/N ratio (12 mM acetate+10 mM nitrate). However, these cell constituents showed the highest values in the C+N grown cells, but the lipid content was found to be the highest glutamate grown cells. FTIR analysis of Lipid/Carbohydrate and Lipid/Protein ratio and flow cytometric analysis of neutral lipids revealed higher lipid content in the glutamate grown cells than in the nitrogen starved, nitrate and C+N grown cells. The nitrate reductase activity was the highest in the C+ N grown cells and the lowest activity was found in the glutamate grown cells. A corollary of these results suggested that suppression of nitrogen assimilatory system, whether by glutamate or by nitrogen deprivation, was the most suitable physiological condition for enhanced lipid synthesis and biofuel production in microalgal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Gupta
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226025, UP, India
| | - Puneet Khare
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, UP, India
| | - D P Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226025, UP, India; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, UP, India.
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Physiological Changes of Parachlorella Kessleri TY02 in Lipid Accumulation under Nitrogen Stress. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16071188. [PMID: 30987041 PMCID: PMC6479445 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16071188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to study the effects of nitrogen stress on the lipid synthesis of Parachlorella kessleri TY02 and to understand the changes in growth, photosynthetic pigments, total protein and total carbohydrate contents during lipid accumulation, the cells of the strain were cultured in nitrogen-deficient (N−) and nitrogen-rich (N+) media for one week. Changes in cell growth, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, neutral lipid and total lipid content, total protein content and total carbohydrate content were measured and analyzed. The results showed that, under nitrogen stress, the algal strain grew slowly, and chlorophyll and total protein contents decreased, while total carbohydrate and total lipid contents increased. This indicated that, under nitrogen stress, most of the carbon flowed to the synthesis of lipids and carbohydrates. Meanwhile, reducing the nitrogen content was a relatively economical and easy to operate method of promoting lipid accumulation.
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Naidoo RK, Simpson ZF, Oosthuizen JR, Bauer FF. Nutrient Exchange of Carbon and Nitrogen Promotes the Formation of Stable Mutualisms Between Chlorella sorokiniana and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Under Engineered Synthetic Growth Conditions. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:609. [PMID: 30972051 PMCID: PMC6443722 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial biotechnological processes can be based on single species pure cultures or on multi-species assemblages. While these assemblages can be advantageous by offering more functionalities and more resilience to changing environmental conditions, they can be unpredictable and difficult to control under synthetically engineered growth conditions. To overcome the unpredictable nature of these microbial assemblages, the generation of stable mutualistic systems through synthetic ecology approaches may provide novel solutions for understanding microbial interactions in these environments. Here we establish a stable association between two evolutionarily unrelated, but biotechnologically complementary species isolated from winery wastewater; a strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and microalga, Chlorella sorokiniana. Yeast and microalgae were able to form obligate (interdependent) and non-obligate (facultative) mutualisms under engineered batch co-culture growth conditions. Obligate mutualism was maintained through the reciprocal exchange of carbon and nitrogen where the yeast ferments mannose to produce carbon dioxide for use by the microalga; and the microalga provides the yeast with nitrogen by metabolizing nitrite to ammonium. The effect of temperature and pH on the establishment of these mutualisms was evaluated and pH was found to be a key determinant for mutualism formation under obligatory conditions. Moreover, the combinations of the two species under non-obligatory growth conditions led to improvement in growth rate and biomass production when compared to single species cultures grown under the same conditions. Such engineered mutualisms are the first step in developing stable multi-species assemblages, while providing a system to generate novel insight into the evolution of mutualistic interactions between phylogenetically distant microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Florian F. Bauer
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Autotrophic Biodiesel Production from the Thermotolerant Microalga Chlorella sorokiniana by Enhancing the Carbon Availability with Temperature Adjustment. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-018-0375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lauritano C, De Luca D, Amoroso M, Benfatto S, Maestri S, Racioppi C, Esposito F, Ianora A. New molecular insights on the response of the green alga Tetraselmis suecica to nitrogen starvation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3336. [PMID: 30833632 PMCID: PMC6399242 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39860-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are currently considered one of the most promising resources for biofuel production, aquaculture feedstock and new pharmaceuticals. Among them, green algae of the genus Tetraselmis are extensively studied for their lipid accumulation in nutrient-starvation conditions. In this paper, we present the full-transcriptome of Tetraselmis suecica and differential expression analysis between nitrogen-starved and -repleted conditions (at stationary phase) focusing not only on lipid metabolism but giving new insights on nutrient starvation responses. Transcripts involved in signal transduction pathways, stress and antioxidant responses and solute transport were strongly up-regulated when T. suecica was cultured under nitrogen starvation. On the contrary, transcripts involved in amino acid synthesis, degradation of sugars, secondary metabolite synthesis, as well as photosynthetic activity were down-regulated under the same conditions. Among differentially expressed transcripts, a polyketide synthase and three lipoxygenases (involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites with antipredator, anticancer and anti-infective activities) were identified, suggesting the potential synthesis of bioactive compounds by this microalga. In addition, the transcript for a putative nitrilase, enzyme used in nitrile bioremediation, is here reported for the first time for T. suecica. These findings give new insights on T. suecica responses to nutrient starvation and on possible biotechnological applications for green algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lauritano
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Daniele De Luca
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Mariano Amoroso
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Salvatore Benfatto
- Università degli Studi di Verona, Ca' Vignal 1, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Simone Maestri
- Università degli Studi di Verona, Ca' Vignal 1, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Claudia Racioppi
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy.,Center for Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology, College of Arts and Science, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Francesco Esposito
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Adrianna Ianora
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy.
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A novel two-stage culture strategy used to cultivate Chlorella vulgaris for increasing the lipid productivity. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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