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Suurbaar J, Moussiliou A, Tahar R, Olsen RW, Adams Y, Dalgaard N, Baafour EK, Adukpo S, Hviid L, Kusi KA, Alao J, Ofori MF, Ndam NT, Jensen AR. ICAM-1-binding Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 variants elicits opsonic-phagocytosis IgG responses in Beninese children. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12994. [PMID: 35906450 PMCID: PMC9338288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16305-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the highly polymorphic Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) family expressed on the surface of infected erythrocytes (IEs) are important virulence factors, which mediate vascular adhesion of IEs via endothelial host receptors and are targets of naturally acquired immunity. The PfEMP1 family can be divided into clinically relevant subgroups, of which some bind intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). While the acquisition of IgG specific for ICAM-1-binding DBLβ domains is known to differ between PfEMP1 groups, its ability to induce antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) is unclear. We therefore measured plasma levels of DBLβ-specific IgG, the ability of such IgG to inhibit PfEMP1-binding to ICAM-1, and its ability to opsonize IEs for ADCP, using plasma from Beninese children with severe (SM) or uncomplicated malaria (UM). IgG specific for DBLβ from group A and B ICAM-1-binding PfEMP1 were dominated by IgG1 and IgG3, and were similar in SM and UM. However, levels of plasma IgG inhibiting ICAM-1-binding of group A DBLβ of PFD1235w was significantly higher in children with UM than SM, and acute UM plasma induced a higher ADCP response than acute SM plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Suurbaar
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Université de Paris Cité, MERIT, IRD, 75006, Paris, France
| | | | - Rachida Tahar
- Université de Paris Cité, MERIT, IRD, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Rebecca W Olsen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yvonne Adams
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna Dalgaard
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric K Baafour
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Selorme Adukpo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Lars Hviid
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kwadwo A Kusi
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Jules Alao
- Paediatric Department, Mother and Child University and Hospital Center (CHUMEL), Cotonou, Benin
| | - Michael F Ofori
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Nicaise T Ndam
- Université de Paris Cité, MERIT, IRD, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Anja R Jensen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Blankson SO, Dadjé DS, Traikia N, Alao MJ, Ayivi S, Amoussou A, Deloron P, Ndam NT, Milet J, Basco LK, Aniweh Y, Tahar R. ICAM-1 Kilifi variant is not associated with cerebral and severe malaria pathogenesis in Beninese children. Malar J 2022; 21:115. [PMID: 35379236 PMCID: PMC8978164 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cytoadhesion and sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum infected red blood cells (iRBC) in the microvasculature of vital organs are a major cause of malaria pathology. Several studies have provided evidence on the implication of the human host intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) as a major receptor for iRBCs binding to P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) in the development of severe and cerebral malaria. The genetic polymorphism K29M in the immunoglobulin-like domain of ICAM-1, known as ICAM-1Kilifi, has been associated with either increased or decreased risk of developing cerebral malaria.
Methods
To provide more conclusive results, the genetic polymorphism of ICAM-1Kilifi was assessed by PCR and sequencing in blood samples from 215 Beninese children who presented with either mild or severe malaria including cerebral malaria.
Results and conclusions
The results showed that in this cohort of Beninese children, the ICAM-1kilifi variant is present at the frequencies of 0.27, similar to the frequency observed in other African countries. This ICAM-1kilifi variant was not associated with disease severity in agreement with other findings from the Gambia, Tanzania, Malawi, Gabon, and Thailand, suggesting no evidence of a direct link between this polymorphism and the pathogenesis of severe and cerebral malaria.
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Kimingi HW, Kinyua AW, Achieng NA, Wambui KM, Mwangi S, Nguti R, Kivisi CA, Jensen ATR, Bejon P, Kapulu MC, Abdi AI, Kinyanjui SM. Breadth of Antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum Variant Surface Antigens Is Associated With Immunity in a Controlled Human Malaria Infection Study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:894770. [PMID: 35711446 PMCID: PMC9195513 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.894770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium falciparum variant surface antigens (VSAs) contribute to malaria pathogenesis by mediating cytoadhesion of infected red blood cells to the microvasculature endothelium. In this study, we investigated the association between anti-VSA antibodies and clinical outcome in a controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) study. Method We used flow cytometry and ELISA to measure levels of IgG antibodies to VSAs of five heterologous and one homologous P. falciparum parasite isolates, and to two PfEMP1 DBLβ domains in blood samples collected a day before the challenge and 14 days after infection. We also measured the ability of an individual's plasma to inhibit the interaction between PfEMP1 and ICAM1 using competition ELISA. We then assessed the association between the antibody levels, function, and CHMI defined clinical outcome during a 21-day follow-up period post infection using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results Antibody levels to the individual isolate VSAs, or to two ICAM1-binding DBLβ domains of PfEMP1, were not associated with a significantly reduced risk of developing parasitemia or of meeting treatment criteria after the challenge after adjusting for exposure. However, anti-VSA antibody breadth (i.e., cumulative response to all the isolates) was a significant predictor of reduced risk of requiring treatment [HR 0.23 (0.10-0.50) p= 0.0002]. Conclusion The breadth of IgG antibodies to VSAs, but not to individual isolate VSAs, is associated with protection in CHMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah W. Kimingi
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Ann W. Kinyua
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Nicole A. Achieng
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Kennedy M. Wambui
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shaban Mwangi
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Roselyne Nguti
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Cheryl A. Kivisi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
- Pwani University Bioscience Research Centre, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Anja T. R. Jensen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Philip Bejon
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Melisa C. Kapulu
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Abdirahman I. Abdi
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Pwani University Bioscience Research Centre, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Samson M. Kinyanjui
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Pwani University Bioscience Research Centre, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- School of Business Studies, Strathmore University, Nairobi, Kenya
- *Correspondence: Samson M. Kinyanjui,
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Storm J, Craig AG. Static Adhesion of Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Erythrocytes to Purified and Recombinant Receptors. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2470:527-536. [PMID: 35881372 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2189-9_40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The pathology of Plasmodium falciparum malaria syndromes, such as cerebral malaria, severe anemia, respiratory distress, and malaria in pregnancy are associated with the cytoadherence of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IEs) to host receptors. To investigate binding of laboratory strains or patient isolates to specific receptors, a relatively simple but informative method is a static binding assay. Purified protein receptors are absorbed onto polystyrene dishes, overlaid with a trophozoite IE suspension and incubated for a fixed time. After washing to remove unbound cells, the plates are fixed, stained, and adherent IEs counted by microscopy. Although simple, this assay requires careful implementation to provide reproducible results, but it is deliverable in relatively low-resource settings and so well matched to using fresh patient isolates for adhesion assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Storm
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
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5
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Olsen RW, Suurbaar J, Jensen AR. Receptor Affinity-Based Purification of PfEMP1 Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2470:299-308. [PMID: 35881354 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2189-9_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The virulence of Plasmodium falciparum is linked to the ability of infected erythrocytes (IEs) to bind a range of human receptors. This binding is mediated by a family of highly polymorphic proteins known as P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1). PfEMP1 proteins are expressed on the surface of IEs and are composed of extracellular domains (NTS, CIDR, DBL), a transmembrane region and an acidic C-terminal segment. Subdomains of the extracellular N-terminal part of PfEMP1 molecules have been shown to bind specific receptors.In this chapter, we describe how to purify PfEMP1 proteins by a receptor affinity-based method. This includes how to prepare affinity columns and how to subsequently test the functionality of the purified PfEMP1 protein in an ELISA-based assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca W Olsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jennifer Suurbaar
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, West Africa Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Anja Ramstedt Jensen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Olsen RW, Suurbaar J, Jensen AR. Analysis of Antibody Inhibition of PfEMP1 Binding by Competition ELISA. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2470:485-491. [PMID: 35881368 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2189-9_36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum express variant antigens on the surface of infected erythrocytes (IEs). These include proteins of the P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) family. PfEMP1 proteins mediate binding of IEs to various human endothelial receptors and induce antibodies response during natural infections. In this chapter, we describe a competition ELISA that is an assay for antibodies neutralizing binding of PfEMP1 proteins to their cognate receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca W Olsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jennifer Suurbaar
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, West Africa Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Anja Ramstedt Jensen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Azasi Y, Low LM, Just AN, Raghavan SSR, Wang CW, Valenzuela-Leon P, Rowe JA, Smith JD, Lavstsen T, Turner L, Calvo E, Miller LH. Complement C1s cleaves PfEMP1 at interdomain conserved sites inhibiting Plasmodium falciparum cytoadherence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2104166118. [PMID: 34035177 PMCID: PMC8179237 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2104166118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoadhesion of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IEs) to the endothelial lining of blood vessels protects parasites from splenic destruction, but also leads to detrimental inflammation and vessel occlusion. Surface display of the P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) adhesion ligands exposes them to host antibodies and serum proteins. PfEMP1 are important targets of acquired immunity to malaria, and through evolution, the protein family has expanded and diversified to bind a select set of host receptors through antigenically diversified receptor-binding domains. Here, we show that complement component 1s (C1s) in serum cleaves PfEMP1 at semiconserved arginine motifs located at interdomain regions between the receptor-binding domains, rendering the IE incapable of binding the two main PfEMP1 receptors, CD36 and endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR). Bioinformatic analyses of PfEMP1 protein sequences from 15 P. falciparum genomes found the C1s motif was present in most PfEMP1 variants. Prediction of C1s cleavage and loss of binding to endothelial receptors was further corroborated by testing of several different parasite lines. These observations suggest that the parasites have maintained susceptibility for cleavage by the serine protease, C1s, and provides evidence for a complex relationship between the complement system and the P. falciparum cytoadhesion virulence determinant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Azasi
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Leanne M Low
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Ashley N Just
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sai S R Raghavan
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian W Wang
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paola Valenzuela-Leon
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - J Alexandra Rowe
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph D Smith
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Resesarch, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Thomas Lavstsen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Turner
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric Calvo
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852;
| | - Louis H Miller
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852;
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8
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Schöllhorn A, Schuhmacher J, Besedovsky L, Fendel R, Jensen ATR, Stevanović S, Lange T, Rammensee HG, Born J, Gouttefangeas C, Dimitrov S. Integrin Activation Enables Sensitive Detection of Functional CD4 + and CD8 + T Cells: Application to Characterize SARS-CoV-2 Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:626308. [PMID: 33854501 PMCID: PMC8040333 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.626308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that conformational change in the β2-integrin is a very early activation marker that can be detected with fluorescent multimers of its ligand intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 for rapid assessment of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. In this study, we describe a modified protocol of this assay for sensitive detection of functional antigen-specific CD4+ T cells using a monoclonal antibody (clone m24 Ab) specific for the open, high-affinity conformation of the β2-integrin. The kinetics of β2-integrin activation was different on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (several hours vs. few minutes, respectively); however, m24 Ab readily stained both cell types 4–6 h after antigen stimulation. With this protocol, we were able to monitor ex vivo effector and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells specific for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) in whole blood or cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of infected or vaccinated individuals. By costaining β2-integrin with m24 and CD154 Abs, we assessed extremely low frequencies of polyfunctional CD4+ T cell responses. The novel assay used in this study allows very sensitive and simultaneous screening of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell reactivities, with versatile applicability in clinical and vaccination studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schöllhorn
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Juliane Schuhmacher
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Luciana Besedovsky
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Fendel
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja T R Jensen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan Stevanović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies, " University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tanja Lange
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Rammensee
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies, " University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Born
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cécile Gouttefangeas
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies, " University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stoyan Dimitrov
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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9
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Lennartz F, Smith C, Craig AG, Higgins MK. Structural insights into diverse modes of ICAM-1 binding by Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:20124-20134. [PMID: 31527263 PMCID: PMC6778195 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911900116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A major determinant of pathogenicity in malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum is the adhesion of parasite-infected erythrocytes to the vasculature or tissues of infected individuals. This occludes blood flow, leads to inflammation, and increases parasitemia by reducing spleen-mediated clearance of the parasite. This adhesion is mediated by PfEMP1, a multivariant family of around 60 proteins per parasite genome which interact with specific host receptors. One of the most common of these receptors is intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), which is bound by 2 distinct groups of PfEMP1, A-type and B or C (BC)-type. Here, we present the structure of a domain from a B-type PfEMP1 bound to ICAM-1, revealing a complex binding site. Comparison with the existing structure of an A-type PfEMP1 bound to ICAM-1 shows that the 2 complexes share a globally similar architecture. However, while the A-type PfEMP1 bind ICAM-1 through a highly conserved binding surface, the BC-type PfEMP1 use a binding site that is more diverse in sequence, similar to how PfEMP1 interact with other human receptors. We also show that A- and BC-type PfEMP1 present ICAM-1 at different angles, perhaps influencing the ability of neighboring PfEMP1 domains to bind additional receptors. This illustrates the deep diversity of the PfEMP1 and demonstrates how variations in a single domain architecture can modulate binding to a specific ligand to control function and facilitate immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Lennartz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3QU Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cameron Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3QU Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alister G Craig
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, L3 5QA Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew K Higgins
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3QU Oxford, United Kingdom;
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10
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Olsen RW, Ecklu-Mensah G, Bengtsson A, Ofori MF, Kusi KA, Koram KA, Hviid L, Adams Y, Jensen ATR. Acquisition of IgG to ICAM-1-Binding DBLβ Domains in the Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein 1 Antigen Family Varies between Groups A, B, and C. Infect Immun 2019; 87:e00224-19. [PMID: 31308082 PMCID: PMC6759304 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00224-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) is an important malaria virulence factor. The protein family can be divided into clinically relevant subfamilies. ICAM-1-binding group A PfEMP1 proteins also bind endothelial protein C receptor and have been associated with cerebral malaria in children. IgG to these PfEMP1 proteins is acquired later in life than that to group A PfEMP1 not binding ICAM-1. The kinetics of acquisition of IgG to group B and C PfEMP1 proteins binding ICAM-1 is unclear and was studied here. Gene sequences encoding group B and C PfEMP1 with DBLβ domains known to bind ICAM-1 were used to identify additional binders. Levels of IgG specific for DBLβ domains from group A, B, and C PfEMP1 binding or not binding ICAM-1 were measured in plasma from Ghanaian children with or without malaria. Seven new ICAM-1-binding DBLβ domains from group B and C PfEMP1 were identified. Healthy children had higher levels of IgG specific for ICAM-1-binding DBLβ domains from group A than from groups B and C. However, the opposite pattern was found in children with malaria, particularly among young patients. Acquisition of IgG specific for DBLβ domains binding ICAM-1 differs between PfEMP1 groups.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Protozoan/biosynthesis
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Erythrocytes/immunology
- Erythrocytes/parasitology
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Ghana
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis
- Infant
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/immunology
- Malaria, Cerebral/genetics
- Malaria, Cerebral/immunology
- Malaria, Cerebral/parasitology
- Malaria, Cerebral/pathology
- Malaria, Falciparum/genetics
- Malaria, Falciparum/immunology
- Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology
- Malaria, Falciparum/pathology
- Male
- Plasmodium falciparum/immunology
- Plasmodium falciparum/pathogenicity
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Protein Binding
- Protein Domains
- Protozoan Proteins/classification
- Protozoan Proteins/genetics
- Protozoan Proteins/immunology
- Seasons
- Severity of Illness Index
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca W Olsen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gertrude Ecklu-Mensah
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Anja Bengtsson
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael F Ofori
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Kwadwo A Kusi
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Kwadwo A Koram
- Department of Epidemiology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Lars Hviid
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yvonne Adams
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja T R Jensen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Dimitrov S, Lange T, Gouttefangeas C, Jensen ATR, Szczepanski M, Lehnnolz J, Soekadar S, Rammensee HG, Born J, Besedovsky L. Gα s-coupled receptor signaling and sleep regulate integrin activation of human antigen-specific T cells. J Exp Med 2019; 216:517-526. [PMID: 30755455 PMCID: PMC6400544 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates a regulatory role of Gαs-coupled receptor agonists (catecholamines, prostaglandins, and adenosine) and sleep on integrin activation on T cells in humans. The findings point to a mechanism by which T cell responses are altered in several conditions characterized by aberrant levels of these substances. Efficient T cell responses require the firm adhesion of T cells to their targets, e.g., virus-infected cells, which depends on T cell receptor (TCR)–mediated activation of β2-integrins. Gαs-coupled receptor agonists are known to have immunosuppressive effects, but their impact on TCR-mediated integrin activation is unknown. Using multimers of peptide major histocompatibility complex molecules (pMHC) and of ICAM-1—the ligand of β2-integrins—we show that the Gαs-coupled receptor agonists isoproterenol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, prostaglandin (PG) E2, PGD2, and adenosine strongly inhibit integrin activation on human CMV- and EBV-specific CD8+ T cells in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, sleep, a natural condition of low levels of Gαs-coupled receptor agonists, up-regulates integrin activation compared with nocturnal wakefulness, a mechanism possibly underlying some of the immune-supportive effects of sleep. The findings are also relevant for several pathologies associated with increased levels of Gαs-coupled receptor agonists (e.g., tumor growth, malaria, hypoxia, stress, and sleep disturbances).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stoyan Dimitrov
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany .,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tanja Lange
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Cécile Gouttefangeas
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja T R Jensen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Szczepanski
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jannik Lehnnolz
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Surjo Soekadar
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Clinical Neurotechnology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Neuroscience Research Center, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Rammensee
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Consortium, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Born
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Luciana Besedovsky
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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12
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Burnie J, Guzzo C. The Incorporation of Host Proteins into the External HIV-1 Envelope. Viruses 2019; 11:v11010085. [PMID: 30669528 PMCID: PMC6356245 DOI: 10.3390/v11010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of biologically active host proteins into HIV-1 is a well-established phenomenon, particularly due to the budding mechanism of viral egress in which viruses acquire their external lipid membrane directly from the host cell. While this mechanism might seemingly imply that host protein incorporation is a passive uptake of all cellular antigens associated with the plasma membrane at the site of budding, this is not the case. Herein, we review the evidence indicating that host protein incorporation can be a selective and conserved process. We discuss how HIV-1 virions displaying host proteins on their surface can exhibit a myriad of altered phenotypes, with notable impacts on infectivity, homing, neutralization, and pathogenesis. This review describes the canonical and emerging methods to detect host protein incorporation, highlights the well-established host proteins that have been identified on HIV-1 virions, and reflects on the role of these incorporated proteins in viral pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting. Despite many advances in HIV treatment and prevention, there remains a global effort to develop increasingly effective anti-HIV therapies. Given the broad range of biologically active host proteins acquired on the surface of HIV-1, additional studies on the mechanisms and impacts of these incorporated host proteins may inform the development of novel treatments and vaccine designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Burnie
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
| | - Christina Guzzo
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
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13
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Dimitrov S, Gouttefangeas C, Besedovsky L, Jensen ATR, Chandran PA, Rusch E, Businger R, Schindler M, Lange T, Born J, Rammensee HG. Activated integrins identify functional antigen-specific CD8 + T cells within minutes after antigen stimulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E5536-E5545. [PMID: 29844168 PMCID: PMC6004473 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1720714115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immediate β2-integrin activation upon T cell receptor stimulation is critical for effective interaction between T cells and their targets and may therefore be used for the rapid identification and isolation of functional T cells. We present a simple and sensitive flow cytometry-based assay to assess antigen-specific T cells using fluorescent intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 multimers that specifically bind to activated β2-integrins. The method is compatible with surface and intracellular staining; it is applicable for monitoring of a broad range of virus-, tumor-, and vaccine-specific CD8+ T cells, and for isolating viable antigen-reacting cells. ICAM-1 binding correlates with peptide-MHC multimer binding but, notably, it identifies the fraction of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells with immediate and high functional capability (i.e., expressing high levels of cytotoxic markers and cytokines). Compared with the currently available methods, staining of activated β2-integrins presents the unique advantage of requiring activation times of only several minutes, therefore delivering functional information nearly reflecting the in vivo situation. Hence, the ICAM-1 assay is most suitable for rapid and precise monitoring of functional antigen-specific T cell responses, including for patient samples in a variety of clinical settings, as well as for the isolation of functional T cells for adoptive cell-transfer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stoyan Dimitrov
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cécile Gouttefangeas
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Luciana Besedovsky
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja T R Jensen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Anoop Chandran
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elisa Rusch
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ramona Businger
- Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Schindler
- Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tanja Lange
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Born
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Rammensee
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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14
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Olsen RW, Ecklu-Mensah G, Bengtsson A, Ofori MF, Lusingu JPA, Castberg FC, Hviid L, Adams Y, Jensen ATR. Natural and Vaccine-Induced Acquisition of Cross-Reactive IgG-Inhibiting ICAM-1-Specific Binding of a Plasmodium falciparum PfEMP1 Subtype Associated Specifically with Cerebral Malaria. Infect Immun 2018; 86:e00622-17. [PMID: 29426042 PMCID: PMC5865037 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00622-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) is a potentially deadly outcome of Plasmodium falciparum malaria that is precipitated by sequestration of infected erythrocytes (IEs) in the brain. The adhesion of IEs to brain endothelial cells is mediated by a subtype of parasite-encoded erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) that facilitates dual binding to host intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and endothelial protein receptor C (EPCR). The PfEMP1 subtype is characterized by the presence of a particular motif (DBLβ_motif) in the constituent ICAM-1-binding DBLβ domain. The rate of natural acquisition of DBLβ_motif-specific IgG antibodies and the ability to induce such antibodies by vaccination are unknown, and the aim of this study was to provide such data. We used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure DBLβ-specific IgG in plasma from Ghanaian children with malaria. The ability of human immune plasma and DBLβ-specific rat antisera to inhibit the interaction between ICAM-1 and DBLβ was assessed using ELISA and in vitro assays of IE adhesion under flow. The acquisition of DBLβ_motif-specific IgG coincided with age-specific susceptibility to CM. Broadly cross-reactive antibodies inhibiting the interaction between ICAM-1 and DBLβ_motif domains were detectable in immune plasma and in sera of rats immunized with specific DBLβ_motif antigens. Importantly, antibodies against the DBLβ_motif inhibited ICAM-1-specific in vitro adhesion of erythrocytes infected by four of five P. falciparum isolates from cerebral malaria patients. We conclude that natural exposure to P. falciparum as well as immunization with specific DBLβ_motif antigens can induce cross-reactive antibodies that inhibit the interaction between ICAM-1 and a broad range of DBLβ_motif domains. These findings raise hope that a vaccine designed specifically to prevent CM is feasible.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Protozoan/immunology
- Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
- Binding Sites
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Cross Reactions/immunology
- Ghana
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Immunoglobulin G/metabolism
- Infant
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
- Malaria Vaccines/immunology
- Malaria, Cerebral/immunology
- Malaria, Cerebral/metabolism
- Malaria, Cerebral/parasitology
- Malaria, Falciparum/immunology
- Malaria, Falciparum/metabolism
- Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology
- Plasmodium falciparum/immunology
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Protozoan Proteins/chemistry
- Protozoan Proteins/immunology
- Protozoan Proteins/metabolism
- Tanzania
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca W Olsen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gertrude Ecklu-Mensah
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Anja Bengtsson
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael F Ofori
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - John P A Lusingu
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Centre, Tanga City, Tanzania
| | - Filip C Castberg
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Hviid
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yvonne Adams
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja T R Jensen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Nik Kamarudin NAA, Mohammed NA, Mustaffa KMF. Aptamer Technology: Adjunct Therapy for Malaria. Biomedicines 2017; 5:biomedicines5010001. [PMID: 28536344 PMCID: PMC5423489 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a life-threatening parasitic infection occurring in the endemic areas, primarily in children under the age of five, pregnant women, and patients with human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV)/(AIDS) as well as non-immune individuals. The cytoadherence of infected erythrocytes (IEs) to the host endothelial surface receptor is a known factor that contributes to the increased prevalence of severe malaria cases due to the accumulation of IEs, mainly in the brain and other vital organs. Therefore, further study is needed to discover a new potential anti-adhesive drug to treat severe malaria thus reducing its mortality rate. In this review, we discuss how the aptamer technology could be applied in the development of a new adjunct therapy for current malaria treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Kamarudin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Nurul Adila Mohammed
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Khairul Mohd Fadzli Mustaffa
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kelantan, Malaysia.
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16
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Lennartz F, Bengtsson A, Olsen RW, Joergensen L, Brown A, Remy L, Man P, Forest E, Barfod LK, Adams Y, Higgins MK, Jensen ATR. Mapping the Binding Site of a Cross-Reactive Plasmodium falciparum PfEMP1 Monoclonal Antibody Inhibitory of ICAM-1 Binding. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:3273-83. [PMID: 26320251 PMCID: PMC4574524 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The virulence of Plasmodium falciparum is linked to the ability of infected erythrocytes (IE) to adhere to the vascular endothelium, mediated by P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1). In this article, we report the functional characterization of an mAb that recognizes a panel of PfEMP1s and inhibits ICAM-1 binding. The 24E9 mouse mAb was raised against PFD1235w DBLβ3_D4, a domain from the group A PfEMP1s associated with severe malaria. 24E9 recognizes native PfEMP1 expressed on the IE surface and shows cross-reactivity with and cross-inhibition of the ICAM-1 binding capacity of domain cassette 4 PfEMP1s. 24E9 Fab fragments bind DBLβ3_D4 with nanomolar affinity and inhibit ICAM-1 binding of domain cassette 4–expressing IE. The antigenic regions targeted by 24E9 Fab were identified by hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and revealed three discrete peptides that are solvent protected in the complex. When mapped onto a homology model of DBLβ3_D4, these cluster to a defined, surface-exposed region on the convex surface of DBLβ3_D4. Mutagenesis confirmed that the site most strongly protected is necessary for 24E9 binding, which is consistent with a low-resolution structure of the DBLβ3_D4::24E9 Fab complex derived from small-angle x-ray scattering. The convex surface of DBLβ3_D4 has previously been shown to contain the ICAM-1 binding site of DBLβ domains, suggesting that the mAb acts by occluding the ICAM-1 binding surface. Conserved epitopes, such as those targeted by 24E9, are promising candidates for the inclusion in a vaccine interfering with ICAM-1–specific adhesion of group A PfEMP1 expressed by P. falciparum IE during severe malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Lennartz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Anja Bengtsson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1014, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Rebecca W Olsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1014, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Louise Joergensen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1014, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Alan Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Remy
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble F-38044, France
| | - Petr Man
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 117 20 Prague, Czech Republic; and Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 116 36 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eric Forest
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble F-38044, France
| | - Lea K Barfod
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1014, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Yvonne Adams
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1014, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Matthew K Higgins
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom;
| | - Anja T R Jensen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1014, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen 2100, Denmark;
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17
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Almelli T, Ndam NT, Ezimegnon S, Alao MJ, Ahouansou C, Sagbo G, Amoussou A, Deloron P, Tahar R. Cytoadherence phenotype of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes is associated with specific pfemp-1 expression in parasites from children with cerebral malaria. Malar J 2014; 13:333. [PMID: 25156105 PMCID: PMC4150962 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IEs) in deep microvasculature endothelia plays a major role in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria (CM). This biological process is thought to be mediated by P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein-1 (PfEMP-1) and human receptors such as CD36 and ICAM-1. The relationship between the expression of PfEMP-1 variants and cytoadherence phenotype in the pathology of malaria is not well established. Methods Cytoadherence phenotypes of IEs to CD36, ICAM-1, CSPG and the transcription patterns of A, B, var2csa, var3, var gene groups and domain cassettes DC8 and DC13 were assessed in parasites from children with CM and uncomplicated malaria (UM) to determine if cytoadherence is related to a specific transcription profile of pfemp-1 variants. Results Parasites from CM patients bind significantly more to CD36 than those from UM patients, but no difference was observed in their binding ability to ICAM-1 and CSPG. CM isolates highly transcribed groups A, B, var2csa, var3, DC8 and DC13 compared to UM parasites. The high transcription levels of var genes belonging to group B positively correlated with increased binding level to CD36. Conclusion CM isolates bind significantly more to CD36 than to ICAM-1, which was correlated with high transcription level of group B var genes, supporting their implication in malaria pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rachida Tahar
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 216 Mère et Enfant Face aux Infections Tropicales, 4, avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris 75270, France.
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