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Bhattarai G, Shrestha SK, Sim HJ, Lee JC, Kook SH. Effects of fine particulate matter on bone marrow-conserved hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells: a systematic review. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:118-128. [PMID: 38200155 PMCID: PMC10834576 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01149-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The harmful effects of fine particulate matter ≤2.5 µm in size (PM2.5) on human health have received considerable attention. However, while the impact of PM2.5 on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems has been well studied, less is known about the effects on stem cells in the bone marrow (BM). With an emphasis on the invasive characteristics of PM2.5, this review examines the current knowledge of the health effects of PM2.5 exposure on BM-residing stem cells. Recent studies have shown that PM2.5 enters the circulation and then travels to distant organs, including the BM, to induce oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and epigenetic changes, resulting in the reduction of BM-residing stem cell survival and function. Understanding the broader health effects of air pollution thus requires an understanding of the invasive characteristics of PM2.5 and its direct influence on stem cells in the BM. As noted in this review, further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying processes by which PM2.5 disturbs the BM microenvironment and inhibits stem cell functionality. Strategies to prevent or ameliorate the negative effects of PM2.5 exposure on BM-residing stem cells and to maintain the regenerative capacity of those cells must also be investigated. By focusing on the complex relationship between PM2.5 and BM-resident stem cells, this review highlights the importance of specific measures directed at safeguarding human health in the face of rising air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Bhattarai
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Saroj Kumar Shrestha
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jaung Sim
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Chae Lee
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Ho Kook
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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Tavakol DN, Nash TR, Kim Y, He S, Fleischer S, Graney PL, Brown JA, Liberman M, Tamargo M, Harken A, Ferrando AA, Amundson S, Garty G, Azizi E, Leong KW, Brenner DJ, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Modeling and countering the effects of cosmic radiation using bioengineered human tissues. Biomaterials 2023; 301:122267. [PMID: 37633022 PMCID: PMC10528250 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Cosmic radiation is the most serious risk that will be encountered during the planned missions to the Moon and Mars. There is a compelling need to understand the effects, safety thresholds, and mechanisms of radiation damage in human tissues, in order to develop measures for radiation protection during extended space travel. As animal models fail to recapitulate the molecular changes in astronauts, engineered human tissues and "organs-on-chips" are valuable tools for studying effects of radiation in vitro. We have developed a bioengineered tissue platform for studying radiation damage in individualized settings. To demonstrate its utility, we determined the effects of radiation using engineered models of two human tissues known to be radiosensitive: engineered cardiac tissues (eCT, a target of chronic radiation damage) and engineered bone marrow (eBM, a target of acute radiation damage). We report the effects of high-dose neutrons, a proxy for simulated galactic cosmic rays, on the expression of key genes implicated in tissue responses to ionizing radiation, phenotypic and functional changes in both tissues, and proof-of-principle application of radioprotective agents. We further determined the extent of inflammatory, oxidative stress, and matrix remodeling gene expression changes, and found that these changes were associated with an early hypertrophic phenotype in eCT and myeloid skewing in eBM. We propose that individualized models of human tissues have potential to provide insights into the effects and mechanisms of radiation during deep-space missions and allow testing of radioprotective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trevor R Nash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Youngbin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Siyu He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sharon Fleischer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Pamela L Graney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jessie A Brown
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Martin Liberman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Manuel Tamargo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andrew Harken
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Adolfo A Ferrando
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sally Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Guy Garty
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elham Azizi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David J Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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3
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Sato Y, Yoshino H, Ishikawa J, Monzen S, Yamaguchi M, Kashiwakura I. Prediction of hub genes and key pathways associated with the radiation response of human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells using integrated bioinformatics methods. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10762. [PMID: 37402866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37981-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are indispensable for the maintenance of the entire blood program through cytokine response. However, HSCs have high radiosensitivity, which is often a problem during radiation therapy and nuclear accidents. Although our previous study has reported that the combination cytokine treatment (interleukin-3, stem cell factor, and thrombopoietin) improves the survival of human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) after radiation, the mechanism by which cytokines contribute to the survival of HSPCs is largely unclear. To address this issue, the present study characterized the effect of cytokines on the radiation-induced gene expression profile of human CD34+ HSPCs and explored the hub genes that play key pathways associated with the radiation response using a cDNA microarray, a protein-protein interaction-MCODE module analysis and Cytohubba plugin tool in Cytoscape. This study identified 2,733 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and five hub genes (TOP2A, EZH2, HSPA8, GART, HDAC1) in response to radiation in only the presence of cytokines. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis found that hub genes and top DEGs based on fold change were enriched in the chromosome organization and organelle organization. The present findings may help predict the radiation response and improve our understanding of this response of human HSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Sato
- Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8564, Japan
| | - Hironori Yoshino
- Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8564, Japan
| | - Junya Ishikawa
- Department of Medical Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
| | - Satoru Monzen
- Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8564, Japan
| | - Masaru Yamaguchi
- Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8564, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kashiwakura
- Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8564, Japan.
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Pfau LC, Glasow A, Seidel C, Patties I. Imidazolyl Ethanamide Pentandioic Acid (IEPA) as Potential Radical Scavenger during Tumor Therapy in Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052008. [PMID: 36903253 PMCID: PMC10004037 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiochemotherapy-associated leuco- or thrombocytopenia is a common complication, e.g., in head and neck cancer (HNSCC) and glioblastoma (GBM) patients, often compromising treatments and outcomes. Currently, no sufficient prophylaxis for hematological toxicities is available. The antiviral compound imidazolyl ethanamide pentandioic acid (IEPA) has been shown to induce maturation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), resulting in reduced chemotherapy-associated cytopenia. In order for it to be a potential prophylaxis for radiochemotherapy-related hematologic toxicity in cancer patients, the tumor-protective effects of IEPA should be precluded. In this study, we investigated the combinatorial effects of IEPA with radio- and/or chemotherapy in human HNSCC and GBM tumor cell lines and HSPCs. Treatment with IEPA was followed by irradiation (IR) or chemotherapy (ChT; cisplatin, CIS; lomustine, CCNU; temozolomide, TMZ). Metabolic activity, apoptosis, proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction, long-term survival, differentiation capacity, cytokine release, and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) were measured. In tumor cells, IEPA dose-dependently diminished IR-induced ROS induction but did not affect the IR-induced changes in metabolic activity, proliferation, apoptosis, or cytokine release. In addition, IEPA showed no protective effect on the long-term survival of tumor cells after radio- or chemotherapy. In HSPCs, IEPA alone slightly enhanced CFU-GEMM and CFU-GM colony counts (2/2 donors). The IR- or ChT-induced decline of early progenitors could not be reversed by IEPA. Our data indicate that IEPA is a potential candidate for the prevention of hematologic toxicity in cancer treatment without affecting therapeutic benefits.
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Xu M, Liu P, Huang Q, Xu S, Dumont HJ, Han BP. High-quality genome of Diaphanosoma dubium provides insights into molecular basis of its broad ecological adaptation. iScience 2023; 26:106006. [PMID: 36798432 PMCID: PMC9926121 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diaphanosoma dubium Manuilova, 1964, is a widespread planktonic water flea in Asian freshwater. Although sharing similar ecological roles with species of Daphnia, studies on D. dubium and its congeners are still few and lacking a genome for the further studies. Here, we assembled a high quality and chromosome level genome of D. dubium by combining long reads sequencing and Hi-C technologies. The total length of assembled genome was 101.8 Mb, with 98.92 Mb (97.2%) anchored into 22 chromosomes. Through comparative genomic analysis, we found the genes, involved in anti-ROS, detoxification, protein digestion, germ cells regulation and protection, underwent expansion in D. dubium. These genes and their expansion helpfully explain its widespread geographical distribution and dominance in eutrophic waters. This study provides insight into the adaptive evolution of D. dubium at genomic perspectives, and the present high quality genomic resource will be a footstone for future omics studies of the species and its congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China,College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shaolin Xu
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Henri J. Dumont
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China,Ghent University, Department of Biology, Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bo-Ping Han
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China,Corresponding author
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Viswanathan V, Cao H, Saiki J, Jiang D, Mattingly A, Nambiar D, Bloomstein J, Li Y, Jiang S, Chamoli M, Sirjani D, Kaplan M, Holsinger FC, Liang R, Von Eyben R, Jiang H, Guan L, Lagory E, Feng Z, Nolan G, Ye J, Denko N, Knox S, Rosen DM, Le QT. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 deficiency leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and impacts salivary gland stem cell phenotype. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac056. [PMID: 35707206 PMCID: PMC9186046 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Adult salivary stem/progenitor cells (SSPC) have an intrinsic property to self-renew in order to maintain tissue architecture and homeostasis. Adult salivary glands have been documented to harbor SSPC, which have been shown to play a vital role in the regeneration of the glandular structures postradiation damage. We have previously demonstrated that activation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 (ALDH3A1) after radiation reduced aldehyde accumulation in SSPC, leading to less apoptosis and improved salivary function. We subsequently found that sustained pharmacological ALDH3A1 activation is critical to enhance regeneration of murine submandibular gland after radiation damage. Further investigation shows that ALDH3A1 function is crucial for SSPC self-renewal and survival even in the absence of radiation stress. Salivary glands from Aldh3a1 -/- mice have fewer acinar structures than wildtype mice. ALDH3A1 deletion or pharmacological inhibition in SSPC leads to a decrease in mitochondrial DNA copy number, lower expression of mitochondrial specific genes and proteins, structural abnormalities, lower membrane potential, and reduced cellular respiration. Loss or inhibition of ALDH3A1 also elevates ROS levels, depletes glutathione pool, and accumulates ALDH3A1 substrate 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE, a lipid peroxidation product), leading to decreased survival of murine SSPC that can be rescued by treatment with 4-HNE specific carbonyl scavengers. Our data indicate that ALDH3A1 activity protects mitochondrial function and is important for the regeneration activity of SSPC. This knowledge will help to guide our translational strategy of applying ALDH3A1 activators in the clinic to prevent radiation-related hyposalivation in head and neck cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Viswanathan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hongbin Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julie Saiki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dadi Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aaron Mattingly
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Dhanya Nambiar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joshua Bloomstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sizun Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Manish Chamoli
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Davud Sirjani
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Kaplan
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - F Christopher Holsinger
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rachel Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rie Von Eyben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Haowen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Li Guan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Edward Lagory
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhiping Feng
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Garry Nolan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jiangbin Ye
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nicholas Denko
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sarah Knox
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Daria-Mochly Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Quynh-Thu Le
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Saliev T, Baiskhanova D, Beznosko D, Begimbetova D, Umbayev B, Nurgozhin T, Fakhradiyev I, Tanabayev B, Pavalkis D. A New Insight on the Radioprotective Potential of Epsilon-Aminocaproic Acid. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2020; 56:E663. [PMID: 33266046 PMCID: PMC7760922 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56120663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: The aim of the study was to scrutinize the ability of epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) to prevent radiation-induced damage to human cells. Materials and Methods: Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were exposed to ionizing radiation at three low doses (22.62 mGy, 45.27 mGy, and 67.88 mGy) in the presence of EACA at the concentration of 50 ng/mL. Results: EACA was able to prevent cell death induced by low-dose X-ray radiation and suppress the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). EACA also demonstrated a capacity to protect DNA from radiation-induced damage. The data indicated that EACA is capable of suppression of radiation-induced apoptosis. Comparative tests of antioxidative activity of EACA and a range of free radical scavengers showed an ability of EACA to effectively inhibit the generation of ROS. Conclusions: This study showed that the pretreatment of PBMCs with EACA is able to protect the cells from radiation-elicited damage, including free radicals' formation, DNA damage, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur Saliev
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan; (T.N.); (I.F.)
| | - Dinara Baiskhanova
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (D.B.); (D.B.); (B.U.)
| | | | - Dinara Begimbetova
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (D.B.); (D.B.); (B.U.)
| | - Bauyrzhan Umbayev
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (D.B.); (D.B.); (B.U.)
| | - Talgat Nurgozhin
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan; (T.N.); (I.F.)
| | - Ildar Fakhradiyev
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan; (T.N.); (I.F.)
| | | | - Dainius Pavalkis
- NJSC “Astana Medical University”, Nur-sultan 010000, Kazakhstan;
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Park K, Dhupal M, Kim CS, Jung SH, Choi D, Qi XF, Kim SK, Lee JY. Ameliorating effect of CpG-ODN (oligodeoxynucleotide) against radiation-induced lung injury in mice. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2020; 59:733-741. [PMID: 32914274 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-020-00871-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
While radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is known to be progressed by Th2 skewed, pro-inflammatory immune response, there have been few therapeutic attempts through Th1 immune modulation. We investigated whether the immunostimulant CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) would be effective against RILI by way of measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxides (NO), histopathology, micro-three-dimensional computer tomography (CT), and cytokine profiling. We found that KSK CpG-ODN (K-CpG) significantly reduced histopathological fibrosis when compared to the positive control (PC) group (p < 0.01). The levels of ROS production in serum and splenocyte of PC group were significantly higher than that of K-CpG group (p < 0.01). The production of nitric oxide (NO) in CpG-ODNs group was higher than that of PC group. Last, cytokine profiling illustrated that the protein concentrations of Th1-type cytokines such as IL-12 and TNF-α as well as Th2-type cytokine IL-5 in K-CpG group inclined to be significantly (p < 0.001 or p < 0.01) higher than those of in PC group. Collectively, our study clearly indicates that K-CpG is effective against RILI in mice by modulating the innate immune response. To our knowledge, this is the first note on anti-RILI effect of human type, K-CpG, clinically implying the potential of immunotherapy for RILI control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawngwoo Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Madhusmita Dhupal
- Department of Microbiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Su Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Hee Jung
- Department of Pathology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Deahan Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Xu-Feng Qi
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education and Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Ji Nan University School of Life Science and Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Soo-Ki Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Genomic Cohort, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Yong Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea.
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Bilko DI, Russu IZ, Bilko NM. ASSESSMENT OF RADIOPROTECTIVE ACTION OF BASIDIOMYCOTIC MELANIN PIGMENTS ON THE HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM OF Balb/C MICE UNDER EXPOSURE TO IONIZING RADIATION IN SUBLETHAL DOSE. PROBLEMY RADIAT︠S︡IĬNOÏ MEDYT︠S︡YNY TA RADIOBIOLOHIÏ 2020; 24:210-219. [PMID: 31841468 DOI: 10.33145/2304-8336-2019-24-210-219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assessment of radioprotective action of basidiomycotic melanin pigments on hematopoietic stem and progenitor bone marrow cells of Balb/C mice in case of exposure to ionizing radiation in sublethal dose. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using original method of cultivation in gel diffusion chambers in vivo of bone marrow cells of Balb/C mice we investigated the colony-forming efficiency of hematopoietic progenitor cells of the ani- mals, which were exposed to ionizing radiation action in sublethal dose, in case of treatment with melanin pig- ments solution of basidiomycotic fungi as radioprotector. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Investigation of functional activity of bone marrow progenitor cells of Balb/C mice allowed assessing their hematopoiesis state in case of ionizing radiation action, as well as in case of previous treat- ment of the animals with the solution of melanin pigments as radioprotector. It was determined that under the influence of ionizing radiation the colony-forming activity of mice bone marrow has decreased comparing to con- trol. Solution of melanin pigments was able to enhance the functional activity of bone marrow of irradiated ani- mals. Obtained results of radioprotective action of basidiomycotic melanin pigments solution on irradiated stem cells and their descendants (progenitor cells) may become the evidence for development of the protective means for human organism from the injuring action of ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Bilko
- National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, 2, Hryhoriia Skovorody St., Kyiv, 04070, Ukraine
| | - I Z Russu
- National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, 2, Hryhoriia Skovorody St., Kyiv, 04070, Ukraine
| | - N M Bilko
- National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, 2, Hryhoriia Skovorody St., Kyiv, 04070, Ukraine
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10
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Maraldi T, Prata C, Marrazzo P, Hrelia S, Angeloni C. Natural Compounds as a Strategy to Optimize " In Vitro" Expansion of Stem Cells. Rejuvenation Res 2019; 23:93-106. [PMID: 31368407 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2019.2187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficient use of stem cells for transplantation is often limited by the relatively low number of stem cells collected. The ex vivo expansion of human stem cells for clinical use is a potentially valuable approach to increase stem cell number. Currently, most of the procedures used to expand stem cells are carried out using a 21% oxygen concentration, which is about 4- to 10-fold greater than the concentration characteristic of their natural niches. Hyperoxia might cause oxidative stress with a deleterious effect on the physiology of cultured stem cells. In this review, we investigate and critically examine the available information on the ability of natural compounds to counteract hyperoxia-induced damage in different types of stem cells ex vivo. In particular, we focused on proliferation and stemness maintenance in an attempt to draw up useful indications to define new culture media with a promoting activity on cell expansion in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tullia Maraldi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Cecilia Prata
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pasquale Marrazzo
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
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11
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Klatt A, Salzmann E, Schneider LJ, Reifschneider A, Korneck M, Hermle P, Bürkle A, Stoll D, Kadereit S. Toxicity of ionizing radiation (IR) in a human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived 3D early neurodevelopmental model. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:2879-2893. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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12
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ROS Reduction Does Not Decrease the Anticancer Efficacy of X-Ray in Two Breast Cancer Cell Lines. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3782074. [PMID: 31001373 PMCID: PMC6437742 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3782074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is effective on a large number of cancer types and is one of the most frequently administrated treatments for cancer patients. The anticancer efficacy of X-ray radiotherapy has been frequently correlated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation, which is also a limiting factor for its toxicity on normal tissues. Here, we found that although 4-10 Gy X-rays could significantly reduce cell numbers in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the ROS level changes are less in MCF-7 cells than in MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, although both the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and 1 T static magnetic field (SMF) could reduce X-ray-induced ROS elevation, they did not prevent X-ray-induced cell number reduction or cell death increase, which is significantly different from cisplatin. These results demonstrate that although the anticancer efficacy of cisplatin on two breast cancer cell lines is dependent on ROS, the anticancer efficacy of X-ray is not. Moreover, by testing 19 different cell lines, we found that 1 T SMF could effectively reduce ROS levels in multiple cell lines by 10-20%, which encourages further studies to investigate whether SMF could be used as a potential "physical antioxidant" in the future.
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13
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Mortezaee K, Goradel NH, Amini P, Shabeeb D, Musa AE, Najafi M, Farhood B. NADPH Oxidase as a Target for Modulation of Radiation Response; Implications to Carcinogenesis and Radiotherapy. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2019; 12:50-60. [DOI: 10.2174/1874467211666181010154709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background:Radiotherapy is a treatment modality for cancer. For better therapeutic efficiency, it could be used in combination with surgery, chemotherapy or immunotherapy. In addition to its beneficial therapeutic effects, exposure to radiation leads to several toxic effects on normal tissues. Also, it may induce some changes in genomic expression of tumor cells, thereby increasing the resistance of tumor cells. These changes lead to the appearance of some acute reactions in irradiated organs, increased risk of carcinogenesis, and reduction in the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy.Discussion:So far, several studies have proposed different targets such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), some toll-like receptors (TLRs), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) etc., for the amelioration of radiation toxicity and enhancing tumor response. NADPH oxidase includes five NOX and two dual oxidases (DUOX1 and DUOX2) subfamilies that through the production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, play key roles in oxidative stress and several signaling pathways involved in early and late effects of ionizing radiation. Chronic ROS production by NOX enzymes can induce genomic instability, thereby increasing the risk of carcinogenesis. Also, these enzymes are able to induce cell death, especially through apoptosis and senescence that may affect tissue function. ROS-derived NADPH oxidase causes apoptosis in some organs such as intestine and tongue, which mediate inflammation. Furthermore, continuous ROS production stimulates fibrosis via stimulation of fibroblast differentiation and collagen deposition. Evidence has shown that in contrast to normal tissues, the NOX system induces tumor resistance to radiotherapy through some mechanisms such as induction of hypoxia, stimulation of proliferation, and activation of macrophages. However, there are some contradictory results. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase in experimental studies has shown promising results for both normal tissue protection and tumor sensitization to ionizing radiation.Conclusion:In this article, we aimed to review the role of different subfamilies of NADPH oxidase in radiation-induced early and late normal tissue toxicities in different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Nasser Hashemi Goradel
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Amini
- Department of Radiology, faculty of paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dheyauldeen Shabeeb
- Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmed Eleojo Musa
- Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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14
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Ariyoshi K, Miura T, Kasai K, Akifumi N, Fujishima Y, Yoshida MA. Age Dependence of Radiation-Induced Genomic Instability in Mouse Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Radiat Res 2018; 190:623. [PMID: 30311845 DOI: 10.1667/rr15113.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Age at exposure is a critical factor that influences the risk of radiation-induced leukemia. Accumulating evidence suggests that ionizing radiation can induce genomic instability and promote leukemogenesis in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs); however, the influence of age on this phenomenon has not been elucidated. In this study, infant (1-week-old) or adult (14-week-old) C3H/He mice received sham or 4 Gy whole-body irradiation, and bone marrow cells were transplanted to recipients at day 1 or 60 postirradiation. Twelve days after bone marrow transplant, we analyzed the radiation-induced genomic instability by scoring the frequency of DNA damage and micronucleus formation in colony-forming units-spleen (CFU-Ss). We observed significant increases in DNA damage and micronucleus formation in CFU-Ss of the 4 Gy irradiated adult cells transplanted at day 1 or 60 postirradiation. However, the frequency of DNA damage focus and micronucleus formation in CFU-Ss of 4 Gy irradiated infant cells transplanted at day 1 or 60 postirradiation was relatively decreased. Quantitative differences in the reactive oxygen species and cells expressing inducible nitric oxide synthase in CFU-Ss suggested that age-dependent radiation-induced genomic instability may result from chronic oxidative stress by pro-inflammatory states in HSC descendants after radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ariyoshi
- a Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8564, Japan
| | - Tomisato Miura
- b Department of Biomedical Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki 036-8564, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kasai
- b Department of Biomedical Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki 036-8564, Japan
| | - Nakata Akifumi
- c Department of Basic Pharmacy, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, Otaru, 047-0264, Japan
| | - Yohei Fujishima
- b Department of Biomedical Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki 036-8564, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki A Yoshida
- a Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8564, Japan
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15
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Monzen S, Chiba M, Ueno T, Morino Y, Terada K, Yamaya H, Hosokawa Y. A radioresistant fraction of acute promyelocytic leukemia cells exhibit CD38 cell-surface antigen and mRNA expression. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6709-6714. [PMID: 29616132 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the cell viability and cluster of differentiation (CD)38 mRNA expression were evaluated in radioresistant (Res)-HL60 acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells. Cell viability in Res-HL60 cells was higher compared with wild-type HL60 cells, but did not differ between high and mid/low CD38 antigen expression groups in Res-HL60 cells. A higher expression of CD38 mRNA in Res-HL60 cells was observed, particularly in the CD38high cell subpopulation. Furthermore, the expression of CD38 mRNA was upregulated following exposure to X-irradiation. In contrast, the characteristic expression of CD45 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α mRNA were not altered. These results suggest that the accumulation of CD38 protein in radioresistant APL cells, resulting from the constant expression of CD38 mRNA induced by X-irradiation, is a characteristic response of the radioresistant-surviving fraction; however, the accumulation of CD38 did not influence the extent of radioresistant behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Monzen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Chiba
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ueno
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Yuki Morino
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Kenji Terada
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamaya
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Hosokawa
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
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16
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Herrero D, Tomé M, Cañón S, Cruz FM, Carmona RM, Fuster E, Roche E, Bernad A. Redox-dependent BMI1 activity drives in vivo adult cardiac progenitor cell differentiation. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:809-822. [PMID: 29323265 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-017-0022-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with several cardiovascular pathologies and with cell cycle exit by neonanatal cardiomyocytes, a key limiting factor in the regenerative capacity of the adult mammalian heart. The polycomb complex component BMI1 is linked to adult progenitors and is an important partner in DNA repair and redox regulation. We found that high BMI1 expression is associated with an adult Sca1+ cardiac progenitor sub-population with low ROS levels. In homeostasis, BMI1 repressed cell fate genes, including a cardiogenic differentiation program. Oxidative damage nonetheless modified BMI1 activity in vivo by derepressing canonical target genes in favor of their antioxidant and anticlastogenic functions. This redox-mediated mechanism is not restricted to damage situations, however, and we report ROS-associated differentiation of cardiac progenitors in steady state. These findings demonstrate how redox status influences the cardiac progenitor response, and identify redox-mediated BMI1 regulation with implications in maintenance of cellular identity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Herrero
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Tomé
- Cardiovascular Development and Repair Department, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Cañón
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Development and Repair Department, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco M Cruz
- Cardiovascular Development and Repair Department, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa María Carmona
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Encarna Fuster
- Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition and Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL-FISABIO Fundation), Alicante, Spain
| | - Enrique Roche
- CIBERobn (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Carlos III Health Research Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition and Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL-FISABIO Fundation), Alicante, Spain
| | - Antonio Bernad
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain. .,Cardiovascular Development and Repair Department, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Li D, Chen R, Wang YW, Fornace AJ, Li HH. Prior irradiation results in elevated programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) in T cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 94:488-494. [PMID: 29108460 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1400192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study we addressed the question whether radiation-induced adverse effects on T cell activation are associated with alterations of T cell checkpoint receptors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression levels of checkpoint receptors on T cell subpopulations were analyzed at multiple post-radiation time points ranging from one to four weeks in mice receiving a single fraction of 1 or 4 Gy of γ-ray. T cell activation associated metabolic changes were assessed. RESULTS Our results showed that prior irradiation resulted in significant elevated expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) in both CD4+ and CD8+ populations, at all three post-radiation time points. T cells with elevated PD-1 mostly were either central memory or naïve cells. In addition, the feedback induction of PD-1 expression in activated T cells declined after radiation. CONCLUSION Taken together, the elevated PD-1 level observed at weeks after radiation exposure is connected to T cell dysfunction. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have showed that a combination of radiotherapy and T cell checkpoint blockade immunotherapy including targeting the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)/PD-1 axis may potentiate the antitumor response. Understanding the dynamic changes in PD-1 levels in T cells after radiation should help in the development of a more effective therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deguan Li
- a Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Tianjin , China
| | - Renxiang Chen
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology , Georgetown University , Washington , DC , USA
| | - Yi-Wen Wang
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology , Georgetown University , Washington , DC , USA
| | - Albert J Fornace
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology , Georgetown University , Washington , DC , USA.,c Department of Oncology , Georgetown University , Washington , DC , USA
| | - Heng-Hong Li
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology , Georgetown University , Washington , DC , USA.,c Department of Oncology , Georgetown University , Washington , DC , USA
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18
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Zhang Y, Humes F, Almond G, Kavazis AN, Hood WR. A mitohormetic response to pro-oxidant exposure in the house mouse. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 314:R122-R134. [PMID: 28931544 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00176.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are hypothesized to display a biphasic response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) exposure. In this study, we evaluated the time course changes in mitochondrial performance and oxidative stress in house mice following X-irradiation. Forty-eight mice were equally divided among six groups, including a nonirradiated control and five experimental groups that varied in time between X-ray exposure and euthanasia (1 h and 1, 4, 7, and 10 days after X-irradiation). We measured parameters associated with mitochondrial respiratory function and ROS emission from isolated liver and skeletal muscle mitochondria and levels of oxidative damage and antioxidants in liver, skeletal muscle, and heart tissues. Mitochondrial function dropped initially after X-irradiation but recovered quickly and was elevated 10 days after the exposure. Hydrogen peroxide production, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation showed inverse U-shaped curves, with levels returning to control or lower than control, 10 days after X-irradiation. Enzymatic antioxidants and markers for mitochondrial biogenesis exhibited a tissue-specific response after irradiation. These data provide the first chronological description of the mitohormetic response after a mild dose of irradiation and highlight the protective response that cells display to ROS exposure. This study also provides valuable information and application for future mitochondrial and oxidative stress studies in numerous physiological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Biological Science, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | - Frances Humes
- Department of Biological Science, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | - Gregory Almond
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | | | - Wendy R Hood
- Department of Biological Science, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
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19
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Ockleford C, Adriaanse P, Berny P, Brock T, Duquesne S, Grilli S, Hernandez-Jerez AF, Bennekou SH, Klein M, Kuhl T, Laskowski R, Machera K, Pelkonen O, Pieper S, Smith R, Stemmer M, Sundh I, Teodorovic I, Tiktak A, Topping CJ, Wolterink G, Angeli K, Fritsche E, Hernandez-Jerez AF, Leist M, Mantovani A, Menendez P, Pelkonen O, Price A, Viviani B, Chiusolo A, Ruffo F, Terron A, Bennekou SH. Investigation into experimental toxicological properties of plant protection products having a potential link to Parkinson's disease and childhood leukaemia. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04691. [PMID: 32625422 PMCID: PMC7233269 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2013, EFSA published a literature review on epidemiological studies linking exposure to pesticides and human health outcome. As a follow up, the EFSA Panel on Plant Protection Products and their residues (PPR Panel) was requested to investigate the plausible involvement of pesticide exposure as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD) and childhood leukaemia (CHL). A systematic literature review on PD and CHL and mode of actions for pesticides was published by EFSA in 2016 and used as background documentation. The Panel used the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) conceptual framework to define the biological plausibility in relation to epidemiological studies by means of identification of specific symptoms of the diseases as AO. The AOP combines multiple information and provides knowledge of biological pathways, highlights species differences and similarities, identifies research needs and supports regulatory decisions. In this context, the AOP approach could help in organising the available experimental knowledge to assess biological plausibility by describing the link between a molecular initiating event (MIE) and the AO through a series of biologically plausible and essential key events (KEs). As the AOP is chemically agnostic, tool chemical compounds were selected to empirically support the response and temporal concordance of the key event relationships (KERs). Three qualitative and one putative AOP were developed by the Panel using the results obtained. The Panel supports the use of the AOP framework to scientifically and transparently explore the biological plausibility of the association between pesticide exposure and human health outcomes, identify data gaps, define a tailored testing strategy and suggests an AOP's informed Integrated Approach for Testing and Assessment (IATA). This publication is linked to the following EFSA Supporting Publications article: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/sp.efsa.2017.EN-1190/full
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20
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Franco A, Ciccarelli M, Sorriento D, Napolitano L, Fiordelisi A, Trimarco B, Durante M, Iaccarino G. Rays Sting: The Acute Cellular Effects of Ionizing Radiation Exposure. Transl Med UniSa 2016; 14:42-53. [PMID: 27326395 PMCID: PMC4912338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
High-precision radiation therapy is a clinical approach that uses the targeted delivery of ionizing radiation, and the subsequent formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in high proliferative, radiation sensitive cancers. In particular, in thoracic cancer ratdiation treatments, can not avoid a certain amount of cardiac toxicity. Given the low proliferative rate of cardiac myocytes, research has looked at the effect of radiation on endothelial cells and consequent coronary heart disease as the mechanism of ratdiation induced cardiotoxicity. In fact, little is known concerning the direct effect of radiation on mitochondria dynamis in cardiomyocyte. The main effect of ionizing radiation is the production of ROS and recent works have uncovered that they directly participates to pivotal cell function like mitochondrial quality control. In particular ROS seems to act as check point within the cell to promote either mitochondrial biogenesis and survival or mitochondrial damage and apoptosis. Thus, it appears evident that the functional state of the cell, as well as the expression patterns of molecules involved in mitochondrial metabolism may differently modulate mitochondrial fate in response to radiation induced ROS responses. Different molecules have been described to localize to mitochondria and regulate ROS production in response to stress, in particular GRK2. In this review we will discuss the evidences on the cardiac toxicity induced by X ray radiation on cardiomyocytes with emphasis on the role played by mitochondria dynamism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Franco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Italy
| | - M Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy
| | | | - L Napolitano
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Italy
| | - A Fiordelisi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Italy
| | - B Trimarco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Italy
| | - M Durante
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, Trento, Italy
| | - G Iaccarino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy
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21
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Vlaski-Lafarge M, Ivanovic Z. Reliability of ROS and RNS detection in hematopoietic stem cells − potential issues with probes and target cell population. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:3849-60. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.171496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Many studies have provided evidence for the crucial role of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in the regulation of differentiation and/or self-renewal, and the balance between quiescence and proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Several metabolic regulators have been implicated in the maintenance of HSC redox homeostasis; however, the mechanisms that are regulated by ROS and RNS, as well as their downstream signaling are still elusive. This is partially owing to a lack of suitable methods that allow unequivocal and specific detection of ROS and RNS. In this Opinion, we first discuss the limitations of the commonly used techniques for detection of ROS and RNS, and the problem of heterogeneity of the cell population used in redox studies, which, together, can result in inaccurate conclusions regarding the redox biology of HSCs. We then propose approaches that are based on single-cell analysis followed by a functional test to examine ROS and RNS levels specifically in HSCs, as well as methods that might be used in vivo to overcome these drawbacks, and provide a better understanding of ROS and RNS function in stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Vlaski-Lafarge
- Etablissement Français du Sang Aquitaine-Limousin, 33075 Bordeaux, France
- UMR 5164 CNRS/Université Bordeaux Segalen, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Zoran Ivanovic
- Etablissement Français du Sang Aquitaine-Limousin, 33075 Bordeaux, France
- UMR 5164 CNRS/Université Bordeaux Segalen, 33000 Bordeaux, France
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22
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Porto ML, Rodrigues BP, Menezes TN, Ceschim SL, Casarini DE, Gava AL, Pereira TMC, Vasquez EC, Campagnaro BP, Meyrelles SS. Reactive oxygen species contribute to dysfunction of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells in aged C57BL/6 J mice. J Biomed Sci 2015; 22:97. [PMID: 26498041 PMCID: PMC4619579 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-015-0201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stem cells of intensely regenerative tissues are susceptible to cellular damage. Although the response to this process in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is crucial, the mechanisms by which hematopoietic homeostasis is sustained are not completely understood. Aging increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and inflammation, which contribute to increased proliferation, senescence and/or apoptosis, leading to self-renewal premature exhaustion. In this study, we assessed ROS production, DNA damage, apoptosis, senescence and plasticity in young, middle and aged (2-, 12- and 24-month-old, respectively) C57BL/6 J mice. Results Aged HSCs showed an increase in intracellular superoxide anion (1.4-fold), hydrogen peroxide (2-fold), nitric oxide (1.6-fold), peroxynitrite/hidroxil (2.6-fold) compared with young cells. We found that mitochondria and NADPHox were the major sources of ROS production in the three groups studied, whereas CYP450 contributed in middle and aged, and xanthine oxidase only in aged HSCs. In addition, we observed DNA damage and apoptosis in the middle (4.2- and 2-fold, respectively) and aged (6- and 4-fold, respectively) mice; aged mice also exhibited a significantly shorter telomere length (−1.8-fold) and a lower expression of plasticity markers. Conclusion These data suggest that aging impairs the functionality of HSCs and that these age-associated alterations may affect the efficacy of aged HSC recovery and transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella L Porto
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil.
| | - Bianca P Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil.
| | - Thiago N Menezes
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil.
| | - Sara L Ceschim
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Vila Velha University, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.
| | - Dulce E Casarini
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Agata L Gava
- Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Thiago Melo C Pereira
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil. .,Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.
| | - Elisardo C Vasquez
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil. .,Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Vila Velha University, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.
| | - Bianca P Campagnaro
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Vila Velha University, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.
| | - Silvana S Meyrelles
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil.
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23
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Clanton R, Saucier D, Ford J, Akabani G. Microbial influences on hormesis, oncogenesis, and therapy: A review of the literature. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 142:239-256. [PMID: 26183884 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of environmental stimuli for growth is the main factor contributing to the evolution of prokaryotes and eukaryotes, independently and mutualistically. Epigenetics describes an organism's ability to vary expression of certain genes based on their environmental stimuli. The diverse degree of dose-dependent responses based on their variances in expressed genetic profiles makes it difficult to ascertain whether hormesis or oncogenesis has or is occurring. In the medical field this is shown where survival curves used in determining radiotherapeutic doses have substantial uncertainties, some as large as 50% (Barendsen, 1990). Many in-vitro radiobiological studies have been limited by not taking into consideration the innate presence of microbes in biological systems, which have either grown symbiotically or pathogenically. Present in-vitro studies neglect to take into consideration the varied responses that commensal and opportunistic pathogens will have when exposed to the same stimuli and how such responses could act as stimuli for their macro/microenvironment. As a result many theories such as radiation carcinogenesis explain microscopic events but fail to describe macroscopic events (Cohen, 1995). As such, this review shows how microorganisms have the ability to perturb risks of cancer and enhance hormesis after irradiation. It will also look at bacterial significance in the microenvironment of the tumor before and during treatment. In addition, bacterial systemic communication after irradiation and the host's immune responses to infection could explain many of the phenomena associated with bystander effects. Therefore, the present literature review considers the paradigms of hormesis and oncogenesis in order to find a rationale that ties them all together. This relationship was thus characterized to be the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Clanton
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Texas A&M Institute for Preclinical Studies, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - David Saucier
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - John Ford
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Gamal Akabani
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Texas A&M Institute for Preclinical Studies, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Ishikawa J, Hayashi N, Yamaguchi M, Monzen S, Kashiwakura I. Characteristics of human CD34+ cells exposed to ionizing radiation under cytokine-free conditions. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2015; 56:678-90. [PMID: 25877692 PMCID: PMC4497397 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrv024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the mechanisms underlying radiation-induced hematopoietic stem cell death, we investigated the effects of excessive ionizing radiation on the clonogenic potential of CD34(+) cells obtained from human umbilical cord blood under cytokine-free conditions. The CD34(+) cells were X-ray-irradiated (up to 2 Gy) and were cultured for 0-48 h under cytokine-free conditions. At various time-points, the CD34(+) cells were investigated for survival, clonogenic potential and the generation of mitochondrial superoxide. At 12 h after X-ray irradiation, the number of viable cells had decreased to ∼70-80% compared with the 0-h non-irradiated control, whereas the clonogenic potential in the X-ray-irradiated cells had decreased to ∼50%-60% compared with the 0-h non-irradiated control. Furthermore, significant generation of mitochondrial superoxide was observed at 6 h, and reached a maximum value between 12 and 24 h after X-ray irradiation. However, no significant differences were observed between non-irradiated and X-ray-irradiated cells in terms of the generation of reactive oxygen species or in the intracellular mitochondrial contents. In addition, a cDNA microarray analysis showed that the majority of the altered genes in the CD34(+) cells at 6 h after X-ray irradiation were apoptosis-related genes. These results suggest the possibility that the elimination of the clonogenic potentials of CD34(+) cells involves the generation of mitochondrial superoxide induced by ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Ishikawa
- Department of Radiological Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8203, Japan
| | - Naoki Hayashi
- Department of Radiological Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8203, Japan
| | - Masaru Yamaguchi
- Department of Radiological Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8203, Japan
| | - Satoru Monzen
- Department of Radiological Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8203, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kashiwakura
- Department of Radiological Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8203, Japan
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25
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Sensitivity and dose dependency of radiation-induced injury in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8055. [PMID: 25623887 PMCID: PMC4306913 DOI: 10.1038/srep08055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the sensitivity and dose dependency of radiation-induced injury in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Adult C57BL/6 mice were daily exposed to 0, 2, 10, 50, and 250 mGy γ-ray for 1 month in succession, respectively. The damage of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in bone marrow were investigated within 2 hours (acute phase) or at 3 months (chronic phase) after the last exposure. Daily exposure to over 10 mGy γ-ray significantly decreased the number and colony-forming capacity of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells at acute phase, and did not completely recover at chronic phase with 250 mGy exposure. Interestingly, the daily exposure to 10 or 50 mGy γ-ray decreased the formation of mixed types of colonies at chronic phase, but the total number of colonies was comparable to control. Immunostaining analysis showed that the formation of 53BP1 foci in c-kit+ stem/progenitor cells was significantly increased with daily exposure to 50 and 250 mGy at acute phase, and 250 mGy at chronic phase. Many genes involved in toxicity responses were up- or down-regulated with the exposures to all doses. Our data have clearly shown the sensitivity and dose dependency of radiation-induced injury in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells of mice with daily exposures to 2 ~ 250 mGy γ-ray.
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Richardson C, Yan S, Vestal CG. Oxidative stress, bone marrow failure, and genome instability in hematopoietic stem cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:2366-85. [PMID: 25622253 PMCID: PMC4346841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16022366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be generated by defective endogenous reduction of oxygen by cellular enzymes or in the mitochondrial respiratory pathway, as well as by exogenous exposure to UV or environmental damaging agents. Regulation of intracellular ROS levels is critical since increases above normal concentrations lead to oxidative stress and DNA damage. A growing body of evidence indicates that the inability to regulate high levels of ROS leading to alteration of cellular homeostasis or defective repair of ROS-induced damage lies at the root of diseases characterized by both neurodegeneration and bone marrow failure as well as cancer. That these diseases may be reflective of the dynamic ability of cells to respond to ROS through developmental stages and aging lies in the similarities between phenotypes at the cellular level. This review summarizes work linking the ability to regulate intracellular ROS to the hematopoietic stem cell phenotype, aging, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Richardson
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNC Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Woodward Hall Room 386B, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
| | - Shan Yan
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNC Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Woodward Hall Room 386B, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
| | - C Greer Vestal
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNC Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Woodward Hall Room 386B, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
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27
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in determining the fate of normal stem cells. Low levels of ROS are required for stem cells to maintain quiescence and self-renewal. Increases in ROS production cause stem cell proliferation/differentiation, senescence, and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, leading to their exhaustion. Therefore, the production of ROS in stem cells is tightly regulated to ensure that they have the ability to maintain tissue homeostasis and repair damaged tissues for the life span of an organism. In this chapter, we discuss how the production of ROS in normal stem cells is regulated by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors and how the fate of these cells is altered by the dysregulation of ROS production under various pathological conditions. In addition, the implications of the aberrant production of ROS by tumor stem cells for tumor progression and treatment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohong Zhou
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
| | - Lijian Shao
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
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