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Dunbar H, Hawthorne IJ, McNamee EN, Armstrong ME, Donnelly SC, English K. The human MIF polymorphism CATT 7 enhances pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization in a clinically relevant model of allergic airway inflammation. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23576. [PMID: 38530238 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400207r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
High level expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been associated with severe asthma. The role of MIF and its functional promotor polymorphism in innate immune training is currently unknown. Using novel humanized CATT7 MIF mice, this study is the first to investigate the effect of MIF on bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) memory after house dust mite (HDM) challenge. CATT7 BMDMs demonstrated a significant primed increase in M1 markers following HDM and LPS stimulation, compared to naive mice. This M1 signature was found to be MIF-dependent, as administration of a small molecule MIF inhibitor, SCD-19, blocked the induction of this pro-inflammatory M1-like phenotype in BMDMs from CATT7 mice challenged with HDM. Training naive BMDMs in vitro with HDM for 24 h followed by a rest period and subsequent stimulation with LPS led to significantly increased production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα in BMDMs from CATT7 mice but not WT mice. Addition of the pan methyltransferase inhibitor MTA before HDM training significantly abrogated this effect in BMDMs from CATT7 mice, suggesting that HDM-induced training is associated with epigenetic remodelling. These findings suggest that trained immunity induced by HDM is under genetic control, playing an important role in asthma patients with the high MIF genotypes (CATT6/7/8).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Dunbar
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Ian J Hawthorne
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Eóin N McNamee
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Michelle E Armstrong
- Department of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin and Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Seamas C Donnelly
- Department of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin and Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karen English
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
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2
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Engel M, Shiel EA, Chelko SP. Basic and translational mechanisms in inflammatory arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 2024; 397:131602. [PMID: 37979796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a familial, nonischemic heart disease typically inherited via an autosomal dominant pattern (Nava et al., [1]; Wlodarska et al., [2]). Often affecting the young and athletes, early diagnosis of ACM can be complicated as incomplete penetrance with variable expressivity are common characteristics (Wlodarska et al., [2]; Corrado et al., [3]). That said, of the five desmosomal genes implicated in ACM, pathogenic variants in desmocollin-2 (DSC2) and desmoglein-2 (DSG2) have been discovered in both an autosomal-recessive and autosomal-dominant pattern (Wong et al., [4]; Qadri et al., [5]; Chen et al., [6]). Originally known as arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD), due to its RV prevalence and manifesting in the young, the disease was first described in 1736 by Giovanni Maria Lancisi in his book "De Motu Cordis et Aneurysmatibus" (Lancisi [7]). However, the first comprehensive clinical description and recognition of this dreadful disease was by Guy Fontaine and Frank Marcus in 1982 (Marcus et al., [8]). These two esteemed pathologists evaluated twenty-two (n = 22/24) young adult patients with recurrent ventricular tachycardia (VT) and RV dysplasia (Marcus et al., [8]). Initially, ARVD was thought to be the result of partial or complete congenital absence of ventricular myocardium during embryonic development (Nava et al., [9]). However, further research into the clinical and pathological manifestations revealed acquired progressive fibrofatty replacement of the myocardium (McKenna et al., [10]); and, in 1995, ARVD was classified as a primary cardiomyopathy by the World Health Organization (Richardson et al., [11]). Thus, now classifying ACM as a cardiomyopathy (i.e., ARVC) rather than a dysplasia (i.e., ARVD). Even more recently, ARVC has shifted from its recognition as a primarily RV disease (i.e., ARVC) to include left-dominant (i.e., ALVC) and biventricular subtypes (i.e., ACM) as well (Saguner et al., [12]), prompting the use of the more general term arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM). This review aims to discuss pathogenesis, clinical and pathological phenotypes, basic and translational research on the role of inflammation, and clinical trials aimed to prevent disease onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Engel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States of America; Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States of America
| | - Emily A Shiel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States of America
| | - Stephen P Chelko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
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3
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Tripathi N, Saraf P, Bhardwaj N, Shrivastava SK, Jain SK. Identifying inflammation-related targets of natural lactones using network pharmacology, molecular modeling and in vitro approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38334283 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2310783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Natural lactones have been used in traditional and folklore medicine for centuries owing to their anti-inflammatory properties. The study uses a multifaceted approach to identify lead anti-inflammatory lactones from the SISTEMATX natural products database. The study analyzed the natural lactone database, revealing 18 lactones linked to inflammation targets. The primary targets were PTGES, PTGS1, COX-2, ALOX5 and IL1B. STX 12273 was the best hit, with the lowest binding energy and potential for inhibiting the COX-2 enzyme. The study suggested natural lactone, STX 12273, from the SISTEMATX database with anti-inflammatory potential and postulated its use for inflammation treatment or prevention.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Tripathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Poorvi Saraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Nivedita Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Sushant Kumar Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Shreyans K Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
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4
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Liu Y, Chen S, Tian M, Giuliano A, Cui X. FOXC1 restrains NF-κB-mediated interleukin-1β transcription in breast cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e440. [PMID: 38107056 PMCID: PMC10725083 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of SurgeryCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mao Tian
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Armando Giuliano
- Department of SurgeryCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Xiaojiang Cui
- Department of SurgeryCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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5
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Steinberg N, Galleguillos D, Zaidi A, Horkey M, Sipione S. Naïve Huntington's disease microglia mount a normal response to inflammatory stimuli but display a partially impaired development of innate immune tolerance that can be counteracted by ganglioside GM1. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:276. [PMID: 37996924 PMCID: PMC10668379 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02963-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic activation and dysfunction of microglia have been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of many neurodegenerative disorders, including Huntington's disease (HD). HD is a genetic condition caused by a mutation that affects the folding and function of huntingtin (HTT). Signs of microglia activation have been observed in HD patients even before the onset of symptoms. It is unclear, however, whether pro-inflammatory microglia activation in HD results from cell-autonomous expression of mutant HTT, is the response of microglia to a diseased brain environment, or both. In this study, we used primary microglia isolated from HD knock-in (Q140) and wild-type (Q7) mice to investigate their response to inflammatory conditions in vitro in the absence of confounding effects arising from brain pathology. We show that naïve Q140 microglia do not undergo spontaneous pro-inflammatory activation and respond to inflammatory triggers, including stimulation of TLR4 and TLR2 and exposure to necrotic cells, with similar kinetics of pro-inflammatory gene expression as wild-type microglia. Upon termination of the inflammatory insult, the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines is tapered off in Q140 and wild-type microglia with similar kinetics. However, the ability of Q140 microglia to develop tolerance in response to repeated inflammatory stimulations is partially impaired in vitro and in vivo, potentially contributing to the establishment of chronic neuroinflammation in HD. We further show that ganglioside GM1, a glycosphingolipid with anti-inflammatory effects on wild-type microglia, not only decreases the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide in activated Q140 microglia, but also dramatically dampen microglia response to re-stimulation with LPS in an experimental model of tolerance. These effects are independent from the expression of interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 3 (Irak-3), a strong modulator of LPS signaling involved in the development of innate immune tolerance and previously shown to be upregulated by immune cell treatment with gangliosides. Altogether, our data suggest that external triggers are required for HD microglia activation, but a cell-autonomous dysfunction that affects the ability of HD microglia to acquire tolerance might contribute to the establishment of neuroinflammation in HD. Administration of GM1 might be beneficial to attenuate chronic microglia activation and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Steinberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute and Glycomics Institute of Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Danny Galleguillos
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute and Glycomics Institute of Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Asifa Zaidi
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute and Glycomics Institute of Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Simonetta Sipione
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute and Glycomics Institute of Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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6
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Mancuso R, Citterio LA, Agostini S, Marventano I, La Rosa F, Re F, Seneci P, Saresella M, Clerici M. Glibenclamide-Loaded Nanoparticles Reduce NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Modulate miR-223-3p/miR-7-1-5p Expression in THP-1 Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1590. [PMID: 38004455 PMCID: PMC10675475 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-hyperglycemic drug glibenclamide (Glb) might represent an interesting therapeutic option in human neurodegenerative diseases because of its anti-inflammatory activity and its ability to downregulate activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Bi-functionalized liposomes that can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) may be used to release Glb into the central nervous system (CNS), overcoming its poor solubility and bioavailability. Here, we analyzed in vitro the effect of Glb-loaded nanovectors (GNVs) and Glb itself on NLRP3 inflammasome activation using a lipopolysaccharide- and nigericine-activated THP-1 cell model. Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) aggregation and NLRP3-related cytokine (IL-1β, caspase 1, and IL-18) production and gene expression, as well as the concentration of miR-223-3p and miR-7-1-5p, known to modulate the NLRP3 inflammasome, were evaluated in all conditions. Results showed that both GNVs and Glb reduced significantly ASC-speck oligomerization, transcription and translation of NLRP3, as well as the secretion of caspase 1 and IL-1β (p < 0.05 for all). Unexpectedly, GNVs/Glb significantly suppressed miR-223-3p and upregulated miR-7-1-5p expression (p < 0.01). These preliminary results thus suggest that GNVs, similarly to Glb, are able to dampen NLRP3 inflammasome activation, inflammatory cytokine release, and modulate miR-223-3p/miR-7-1-5p. Although the mechanisms underlying the complex relation among these elements remain to be further investigated, these results can open new roads to the use of GNVs as a novel strategy to reduce inflammasome activation in disease and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Mancuso
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Gnocchi—ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy; (R.M.); (L.A.C.); (I.M.); (F.L.R.); (M.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Lorenzo Agostino Citterio
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Gnocchi—ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy; (R.M.); (L.A.C.); (I.M.); (F.L.R.); (M.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Simone Agostini
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Gnocchi—ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy; (R.M.); (L.A.C.); (I.M.); (F.L.R.); (M.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Ivana Marventano
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Gnocchi—ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy; (R.M.); (L.A.C.); (I.M.); (F.L.R.); (M.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Francesca La Rosa
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Gnocchi—ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy; (R.M.); (L.A.C.); (I.M.); (F.L.R.); (M.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Francesca Re
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Milan, Italy;
| | | | - Marina Saresella
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Gnocchi—ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy; (R.M.); (L.A.C.); (I.M.); (F.L.R.); (M.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Mario Clerici
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Gnocchi—ONLUS, 20148 Milan, Italy; (R.M.); (L.A.C.); (I.M.); (F.L.R.); (M.S.); (M.C.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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7
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Jiao S, Li C, Guo F, Zhang J, Zhang H, Cao Z, Wang W, Bu W, Lin M, Lü J, Zhou Z. SUN1/2 controls macrophage polarization via modulating nuclear size and stiffness. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6416. [PMID: 37828059 PMCID: PMC10570371 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alteration of the size and stiffness of the nucleus triggered by environmental cues are thought to be important for eukaryotic cell fate and function. However, it remains unclear how context-dependent nuclear remodeling occurs and reprograms gene expression. Here we identify the nuclear envelope proteins SUN1/2 as mechano-regulators of the nucleus during M1 polarization of the macrophage. Specifically, we show that LPS treatment decreases the protein levels of SUN1/2 in a CK2-βTrCP-dependent manner to shrink and soften the nucleus, therefore altering the chromatin accessibility for M1-associated gene expression. Notably, the transmembrane helix of SUN1/2 is solely required and sufficient for the nuclear mechano-remodeling. Consistently, SUN1/2 depletion in macrophages facilitates their phagocytosis, tissue infiltration, and proinflammatory cytokine production, thereby boosting the antitumor immunity in mice. Thus, our study demonstrates that, in response to inflammatory cues, SUN1/2 proteins act as mechano-regulators to remodel the nucleus and chromatin for M1 polarization of the macrophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Chuanchuan Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 417 E 68th St, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Fenghua Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Hua'shan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhifa Cao
- Department of Stomatology, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Wenbo Bu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Mobin Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200090, China.
| | - Junhong Lü
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
| | - Zhaocai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Department of Stomatology, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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8
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Shosha E, Shahror RA, Morris CA, Xu Z, Lucas R, McGee-Lawrence ME, Rusch NJ, Caldwell RB, Fouda AY. The arginase 1/ornithine decarboxylase pathway suppresses HDAC3 to ameliorate the myeloid cell inflammatory response: implications for retinal ischemic injury. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:621. [PMID: 37735154 PMCID: PMC10514323 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme arginase 1 (A1) hydrolyzes the amino acid arginine to form L-ornithine and urea. Ornithine is further converted to polyamines by the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) enzyme. We previously reported that deletion of myeloid A1 in mice exacerbates retinal damage after ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. Furthermore, treatment with A1 protects against retinal IR injury in wild-type mice. PEG-A1 also mitigates the exaggerated inflammatory response of A1 knockout (KO) macrophages in vitro. Here, we sought to identify the anti-inflammatory pathway that confers macrophage A1-mediated protection against retinal IR injury. Acute elevation of intraocular pressure was used to induce retinal IR injury in mice. A multiplex cytokine assay revealed a marked increase in the inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in the retina at day 5 after IR injury. In vitro, blocking the A1/ODC pathway augmented IL-1β and TNF-α production in stimulated macrophages. Furthermore, A1 treatment attenuated the stimulated macrophage metabolic switch to a pro-inflammatory glycolytic phenotype, whereas A1 deletion had the opposite effect. Screening for histone deacetylases (HDACs) which play a role in macrophage inflammatory response showed that A1 deletion or ODC inhibition increased the expression of HDAC3. We further showed the involvement of HDAC3 in the upregulation of TNF-α but not IL-1β in stimulated macrophages deficient in the A1/ODC pathway. Investigating HDAC3 KO macrophages showed a reduced inflammatory response and a less glycolytic phenotype upon stimulation. In vivo, HDAC3 co-localized with microglia/macrophages at day 2 after IR in WT retinas and was further increased in A1-deficient retinas. Collectively, our data provide initial evidence that A1 exerts its anti-inflammatory effect in macrophages via ODC-mediated suppression of HDAC3 and IL-1β. Collectively we propose that interventions that augment the A1/ODC pathway and inhibit HDAC3 may confer therapeutic benefits for the treatment of retinal ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa Shosha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rami A Shahror
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Carol A Morris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Zhimin Xu
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Rudolf Lucas
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Nancy J Rusch
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Ruth B Caldwell
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Abdelrahman Y Fouda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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9
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Loevenich S, Montaldo NP, Wickenhagen A, Sherstova T, van Loon B, Boyartchuk V, Anthonsen MW. Human metapneumovirus driven IFN-β production antagonizes macrophage transcriptional induction of IL1-β in response to bacterial pathogens. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1173605. [PMID: 37435074 PMCID: PMC10330783 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1173605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a pneumovirus that may cause severe respiratory disease in humans. HMPV infection has been found to increase susceptibility to bacterial superinfections leading to increased morbidity and mortality. The molecular mechanisms underlying HMPV-mediated increase in bacterial susceptibility are poorly understood and largely understudied. Type I interferons (IFNs), while critical for antiviral defenses, may often have detrimental effects by skewing the host immune response and cytokine output of immune cells. It is currently unknown if HMPV skews the inflammatory response in human macrophages triggered by bacterial stimuli. Here we report that HMPV pre-infection impacts production of specific cytokines. HMPV strongly suppresses IL-1β transcription in response to LPS or heat-killed Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumonia, while enhancing mRNA levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-β. We demonstrate that in human macrophages the HMPV-mediated suppression of IL-1β transcription requires TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and signaling via the IFN-β-IFNAR axis. Interestingly, our results show that HMPV pre-infection did not impair the LPS-stimulated activation of NF-κB and HIF-1α, transcription factors that stimulate IL-1β mRNA synthesis in human cells. Furthermore, we determined that sequential HMPV-LPS treatment resulted in accumulation of the repressive epigenetic mark H3K27me3 at the IL1B promoter. Thus, for the first time we present data revealing the molecular mechanisms by which HMPV shapes the cytokine output of human macrophages exposed to bacterial pathogens/LPS, which appears to be dependent on epigenetic reprogramming at the IL1B promoter leading to reduced synthesis of IL-1β. These results may improve current understanding of the role of type I IFNs in respiratory disease mediated not only by HMPV, but also by other respiratory viruses that are associated with superinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Loevenich
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nicola P. Montaldo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arthur Wickenhagen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tatyana Sherstova
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Barbara van Loon
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Victor Boyartchuk
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Surgery, St Olav Hospital HF, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marit W. Anthonsen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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10
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Using a Network-Based Analysis Approach to Investigate the Involvement of S. aureus in the Pathogenesis of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031822. [PMID: 36768148 PMCID: PMC9915048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) has been shown to be significantly higher in GPA patients when compared to healthy subjects, as well as being associated with increased endonasal activity and disease relapse. The aim of this study was to investigate SA involvement in GPA by applying a network-based analysis (NBA) approach to publicly available nasal transcriptomic data. Using these data, our NBA pipeline generated a proteinase 3 (PR3) positive ANCA associated vasculitis (AAV) disease network integrating differentially expressed genes, dysregulated transcription factors (TFs), disease-specific genes derived from GWAS studies, drug-target and protein-protein interactions. The PR3+ AAV disease network captured genes previously reported to be dysregulated in AAV associated. A subnetwork focussing on interactions between SA virulence factors and enriched biological processes revealed potential mechanisms for SA's involvement in PR3+ AAV. Immunosuppressant treatment reduced differential expression and absolute TF activities in this subnetwork for patients with inactive nasal disease but not active nasal disease symptoms at the time of sampling. The disease network generated identified the key molecular signatures and highlighted the associated biological processes in PR3+ AAV and revealed potential mechanisms for SA to affect these processes.
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11
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Tanioka T, Iwamoto S, Nakano Y. Suppression of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced IL-1β Gene Expression by High-Molecular-Weight Adiponectin in RAW264.7 Macrophages. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:1498-1505. [PMID: 37914352 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an abundant adipocytokine secreted by adipocytes. It exists in the plasma in its trimeric, hexameric, high-molecular-weight (HMW), and globular (a proteolytic product) isoforms. Adiponectin's anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages remain controversial. We have previously reported a simple and effective method for purifying native HMW adiponectin from human plasma. Here, we investigated whether native HMW adiponectin from human plasma has anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages. Pretreatment with human native HMW adiponectin inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin-1β (IL-1β) gene expression, but not tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression. However, simultaneous treatment with HMW adiponectin and LPS did not inhibit IL-1β expression. Further, HMW adiponectin pretreatment decreases glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) inactivation by abrogating LPS-induced Akt (Ser473) phosphorylation, which subsequently suppresses LPS-induced CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) protein translation and nuclear translocation. However, HMW adiponectin pretreatment did not affect LPS-induced nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activation. These results suggest that HMW adiponectin mediates potent anti-inflammatory activities in macrophages by inhibiting its Akt-C/EBPβ signaling pathway, thereby suppressing IL-1β gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Tanioka
- Division of Physiology and Pathology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University
- Division of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University
| | - Sanju Iwamoto
- Division of Physiology and Pathology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University
| | - Yasuko Nakano
- Division of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Pharmacotherapeutics, Yokohama University of Pharmacy
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12
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Hu K, Liu H, Lawson ND, Zhu LJ. scATACpipe: A nextflow pipeline for comprehensive and reproducible analyses of single cell ATAC-seq data. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:981859. [PMID: 36238687 PMCID: PMC9551270 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.981859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Single cell ATAC-seq (scATAC-seq) has become the most widely used method for profiling open chromatin landscape of heterogeneous cell populations at a single-cell resolution. Although numerous software tools and pipelines have been developed, an easy-to-use, scalable, reproducible, and comprehensive pipeline for scATAC-seq data analyses is still lacking. To fill this gap, we developed scATACpipe, a Nextflow pipeline, for performing comprehensive analyses of scATAC-seq data including extensive quality assessment, preprocessing, dimension reduction, clustering, peak calling, differential accessibility inference, integration with scRNA-seq data, transcription factor activity and footprinting analysis, co-accessibility inference, and cell trajectory prediction. scATACpipe enables users to perform the end-to-end analysis of scATAC-seq data with three sub-workflow options for preprocessing that leverage 10x Genomics Cell Ranger ATAC software, the ultra-fast Chromap procedures, and a set of custom scripts implementing current best practices for scATAC-seq data preprocessing. The pipeline extends the R package ArchR for downstream analysis with added support to any eukaryotic species with an annotated reference genome. Importantly, scATACpipe generates an all-in-one HTML report for the entire analysis and outputs cluster-specific BAM, BED, and BigWig files for visualization in a genome browser. scATACpipe eliminates the need for users to chain different tools together and facilitates reproducible and comprehensive analyses of scATAC-seq data from raw reads to various biological insights with minimal changes of configuration settings for different computing environments or species. By applying it to public datasets, we illustrated the utility, flexibility, versatility, and reliability of our pipeline, and demonstrated that our scATACpipe outperforms other workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Haibo Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Nathan D. Lawson
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Lihua Julie Zhu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
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13
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Yu W, Wang Z, Yu X, Zhao Y, Xie Z, Zhang K, Chi Z, Chen S, Xu T, Jiang D, Guo X, Li M, Zhang J, Fang H, Yang D, Guo Y, Yang X, Zhang X, Wu Y, Yang W, Wang D. Kir2.1-mediated membrane potential promotes nutrient acquisition and inflammation through regulation of nutrient transporters. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3544. [PMID: 35729093 PMCID: PMC9213538 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31149-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunometabolism contributes to inflammation, but how activated macrophages acquire extracellular nutrients to fuel inflammation is largely unknown. Here, we show that the plasma membrane potential (Vm) of macrophages mediated by Kir2.1, an inwardly-rectifying K+ channel, is an important determinant of nutrient acquisition and subsequent metabolic reprogramming promoting inflammation. In the absence of Kir2.1 activity, depolarized macrophage Vm lead to a caloric restriction state by limiting nutrient uptake and concomitant adaptations in nutrient conservation inducing autophagy, AMPK (Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase), and GCN2 (General control nonderepressible 2), which subsequently depletes epigenetic substrates feeding histone methylation at loci of a cluster of metabolism-responsive inflammatory genes, thereby suppressing their transcription. Kir2.1-mediated Vm supports nutrient uptake by facilitating cell-surface retention of nutrient transporters such as 4F2hc and GLUT1 by its modulation of plasma membrane phospholipid dynamics. Pharmacological targeting of Kir2.1 alleviated inflammation triggered by LPS or bacterial infection in a sepsis model and sterile inflammation in human samples. These findings identify an ionic control of macrophage activation and advance our understanding of the immunomodulatory properties of Vm that links nutrient inputs to inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yu
- Institute of Immunology and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Immunology and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiafei Yu
- Department of Biophysics, and Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yonghui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zili Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Kailian Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Zhexu Chi
- Institute of Immunology and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Institute of Immunology and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Ting Xu
- Institute of Immunology and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Danlu Jiang
- Institute of Immunology and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xingchen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Mobai Li
- Institute of Immunology and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Hui Fang
- Institute of Immunology and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Dehang Yang
- Institute of Immunology and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yuxian Guo
- Institute of Immunology and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xuyan Yang
- Department of Rheumatology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yingliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Biophysics, and Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
| | - Di Wang
- Institute of Immunology and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China. .,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
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14
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Lučiūnaitė A, Dalgėdienė I, Žilionis R, Mašalaitė K, Norkienė M, Šinkūnas A, Gedvilaitė A, Kučinskaitė-Kodzė I, Žvirblienė A. Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome by Virus-Like Particles of Human Polyomaviruses in Macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:831815. [PMID: 35355981 PMCID: PMC8959312 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.831815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral antigens can activate phagocytes, inducing inflammation, but the mechanisms are barely explored. The aim of this study is to investigate how viral oligomeric proteins of different structures induce inflammatory response in macrophages. Human THP-1 cell line was used to prepare macrophages that were treated with filamentous nucleocapsid-like particles (NLPs) of paramyxoviruses and spherical virus-like particles (VLPs) of human polyomaviruses. The effects of viral proteins on cell viability, pro-inflammatory cytokines’ production, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation were investigated. Filamentous NLPs did not induce inflammation while spherical VLPs mediated inflammatory response followed by NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Inhibitors of cathepsins and K+ efflux decreased IL-1β release and cell death, indicating a complex inflammasome activation process. A similar activation pattern was observed in primary human macrophages. Single-cell RNAseq analysis of THP-1 cells revealed several cell activation states different in inflammation-related genes. This study provides new insights into the interaction of viral proteins with immune cells and suggests that structural properties of oligomeric proteins may define cell activation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asta Lučiūnaitė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Indrė Dalgėdienė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rapolas Žilionis
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,R&D Department, Droplet Genomics, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kristina Mašalaitė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Milda Norkienė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Alma Gedvilaitė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Aurelija Žvirblienė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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15
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AlSudais H, Wiper-Bergeron N. From quiescence to repair: C/EBPβ as a regulator of muscle stem cell function in health and disease. FEBS J 2021; 289:6518-6530. [PMID: 34854237 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
CCAAT/Enhancer Binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) is a transcriptional regulator involved in numerous physiological processes. Herein, we describe a role for C/EBPβ as a regulator of skeletal muscle stem cell function. In particular, C/EBPβ is expressed in muscle stem cells in healthy muscle where it inhibits myogenic differentiation. Downregulation of C/EBPβ expression at the protein and transcriptional level allows for differentiation. Persistence of C/EBPβ promotes stem cell self-renewal and C/EBPβ expression is required for mitotic quiescence in this cell population. As a critical regulator of skeletal muscle homeostasis, C/EBPβ expression is stimulated in pathological conditions such as cancer cachexia, which perturbs muscle regeneration and promotes myofiber atrophy in the context of systemic inflammation. C/EBPβ is also an important regulator of cytokine expression and immune response genes, a mechanism by which it can influence muscle stem cell function. In this viewpoint, we describe a role for C/EBPβ in muscle stem cells and propose a functional intersection between C/EBPβ and NF-kB action in the regulation of cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamood AlSudais
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadine Wiper-Bergeron
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada
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16
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Kalb D, Vo HD, Adikari S, Hong-Geller E, Munsky B, Werner J. Visualization and modeling of inhibition of IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA transcription at the single-cell level. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13692. [PMID: 34211022 PMCID: PMC8249620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92846-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-1β and TNF-α are canonical immune response mediators that play key regulatory roles in a wide range of inflammatory responses to both chronic and acute conditions. Here we employ an automated microscopy platform for the analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of IL-1β and TNF-α at the single-cell level. The amount of IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA expressed in a human monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1) is visualized and counted using single-molecule fluorescent in-situ hybridization (smFISH) following exposure of the cells to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an outer-membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria. We show that the small molecule inhibitors MG132 (a 26S proteasome inhibitor used to block NF-κB signaling) and U0126 (a MAPK Kinase inhibitor used to block CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins C/EBP) successfully block IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA expression. Based upon this single-cell mRNA expression data, we screened 36 different mathematical models of gene expression, and found two similar models that capture the effects by which the drugs U0126 and MG132 affect the rates at which the genes transition into highly activated states. When their parameters were informed by the action of each drug independently, both models were able to predict the effects of the combined drug treatment. From our data and models, we postulate that IL-1β is activated by both NF-κB and C/EBP, while TNF-α is predominantly activated by NF-κB. Our combined single-cell experimental and modeling efforts show the interconnection between these two genes and demonstrates how the single-cell responses, including the distribution shapes, mean expression, and kinetics of gene expression, change with inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kalb
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Huy D Vo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Samantha Adikari
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | | | - Brian Munsky
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - James Werner
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.
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17
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Idris AB, Idris EB, Ataelmanan AE, Mohamed AEA, Osman Arbab BM, Ibrahim EAM, Hassan MA. First insights into the molecular basis association between promoter polymorphisms of the IL1B gene and Helicobacter pylori infection in the Sudanese population: computational approach. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:16. [PMID: 33413117 PMCID: PMC7792167 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-02072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infects nearly half of the world's population with a variation in incidence among different geographic regions. Genetic variants in the promoter regions of the IL1B gene can affect cytokine expression and creates a condition of hypoacidity which favors the survival and colonization of H. pylori. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the polymorphic sites in the 5'- region [-687_ + 297] of IL1B in H. pylori infection using in silico tools. RESULTS A total of five nucleotide variations were detected in the 5'-regulatory region [-687_ + 297] of IL1B which led to the addition or alteration of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) or composite regulatory elements (CEs). Genotyping of IL1B - 31 C > T revealed a significant association between -31 T and susceptibility to H. pylori infection in the studied population (P = 0.0363). Comparative analysis showed conservation rates of IL1B upstream [-368_ + 10] region above 70% in chimpanzee, rhesus monkey, a domesticated dog, cow and rat. CONCLUSIONS In H. pylori-infected patients, three detected SNPs (- 338, - 155 and - 31) located in the IL1B promoter were predicted to alter TFBSs and CE, which might affect the gene expression. These in silico predictions provide insight for further experimental in vitro and in vivo studies of the regulation of IL1B expression and its relationship to H. pylori infection. However, the recognition of regulatory motifs by computer algorithms is fundamental for understanding gene expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Babiker Idris
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Einas Babiker Idris
- Medical Laboratory Specialist, Department of Medical Microbiology, Rashid Medical Complex, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany Eltayib Ataelmanan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Al-Gazirah, Wad Madani, Sudan
| | | | | | - El-Amin Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohamed A Hassan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Africa city of technology, Khartoum, Sudan.,Department of Bioinformatics, DETAGEN Genetic Diagnostics Center, Kayseri, Turkey.,Department of Translation Bioinformatics, Detavax Biotech, Kayseri, Turkey
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18
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Transcriptional Regulation of Inflammasomes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218087. [PMID: 33138274 PMCID: PMC7663688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multimolecular complexes with potent inflammatory activity. As such, their activity is tightly regulated at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. In this review, we present the transcriptional regulation of inflammasome genes from sensors (e.g., NLRP3) to substrates (e.g., IL-1β). Lineage-determining transcription factors shape inflammasome responses in different cell types with profound consequences on the responsiveness to inflammasome-activating stimuli. Pro-inflammatory signals (sterile or microbial) have a key transcriptional impact on inflammasome genes, which is largely mediated by NF-κB and that translates into higher antimicrobial immune responses. Furthermore, diverse intrinsic (e.g., circadian clock, metabolites) or extrinsic (e.g., xenobiotics) signals are integrated by signal-dependent transcription factors and chromatin structure changes to modulate transcriptionally inflammasome responses. Finally, anti-inflammatory signals (e.g., IL-10) counterbalance inflammasome genes induction to limit deleterious inflammation. Transcriptional regulations thus appear as the first line of inflammasome regulation to raise the defense level in front of stress and infections but also to limit excessive or chronic inflammation.
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19
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Gene-Specific Linear Trends Constrain Transcriptional Variability of the Toll-like Receptor Signaling. Cell Syst 2020; 11:300-314.e8. [PMID: 32918862 PMCID: PMC7521480 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell gene expression is inherently variable, but how this variability is controlled in response to stimulation remains unclear. Here, we use single-cell RNA-seq and single-molecule mRNA counting (smFISH) to study inducible gene expression in the immune toll-like receptor system. We show that mRNA counts of tumor necrosis factor α conform to a standard stochastic switch model, while transcription of interleukin-1β involves an additional regulatory step resulting in increased heterogeneity. Despite different modes of regulation, systematic analysis of single-cell data for a range of genes demonstrates that the variability in transcript count is linearly constrained by the mean response over a range of conditions. Mathematical modeling of smFISH counts and experimental perturbation of chromatin state demonstrates that linear constraints emerge through modulation of transcriptional bursting along with gene-specific relationships. Overall, our analyses demonstrate that the variability of the inducible single-cell mRNA response is constrained by transcriptional bursting. Single-cell TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA responses are differentially controlled Variability of TLR-induced responses scale linearly with mean mRNA counts Gene-specific constraints emerge via modulation of transcriptional bursting Chromatin state regulates transcriptional bursting of IL-1β
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20
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Shi L, Song L, Maurer K, Dou Y, Patel VR, Su C, Leonard ME, Lu S, Hodge KM, Torres A, Chesi A, Grant SFA, Wells AD, Zhang Z, Petri MA, Sullivan KE. IL-1 Transcriptional Responses to Lipopolysaccharides Are Regulated by a Complex of RNA Binding Proteins. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1334-1344. [PMID: 31953354 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The IL1A and IL1B genes lie in close proximity on chromosome 2 near the gene for their natural inhibitor, IL1RN Despite diverse functions, they are all three inducible through TLR4 signaling but with distinct kinetics. This study analyzed transcriptional induction kinetics, chromosome looping, and enhancer RNA production to understand the distinct regulation of these three genes in human cells. IL1A, IL1B, and IL1RN were rapidly induced after stimulation with LPS; however, IL1B mRNA production was less inhibitable by iBET151, suggesting it does not use pause-release regulation. Surprisingly, chromatin looping contacts between IL1A and IL1B were highly intermingled, although those of IL1RN were distinct, and we focused on comparing IL1A and IL1B transcriptional pathways. Our studies demonstrated that enhancer RNAs were produced from a subset of the regulatory regions, that they were critical for production of the mRNAs, and that they bound a diverse array of RNA binding proteins, including p300 but not CBP. We, furthermore, demonstrated that recruitment of p300 was dependent on MAPKs. Integrator is another RNA binding protein recruited to the promoters and enhancers, and its recruitment was more dependent on NF-κB than MAPKs. We found that integrator and NELF, an RNA polymerase II pausing protein, were associated with RNA in a manner that facilitated interaction. We conclude that IL1A and IL1B share many regulatory contacts, signaling pathways, and interactions with enhancer RNAs. A complex of protein interactions with enhancer RNAs emphasize the role of enhancer RNAs and the overall structural aspects of transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Shi
- Division of Allergy Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Li Song
- Division of Allergy Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kelly Maurer
- Division of Allergy Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ying Dou
- Division of Allergy Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Vishesh R Patel
- Division of Allergy Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Chun Su
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Michelle E Leonard
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Sumei Lu
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kenyaita M Hodge
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Annabel Torres
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Alessandra Chesi
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Andrew D Wells
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Michelle A Petri
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Kathleen E Sullivan
- Division of Allergy Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
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21
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Adamik J, Pulugulla SH, Zhang P, Sun Q, Lontos K, Macar DA, Auron PE, Galson DL. EZH2 Supports Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Resorption Via Epigenetic and Cytoplasmic Targets. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:181-195. [PMID: 31487061 PMCID: PMC7402427 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Key osteoclast (OCL) regulatory gene promoters in bone marrow-derived monocytes harbor bivalent histone modifications that combine activating Histone 3 lysine 4 tri-methyl (H3K4me3) and repressive H3K27me3 marks, which upon RANKL stimulation resolve into repressive or activating architecture. Enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) is the histone methyltransferase component of the polycomb repressive complex 2, which catalyzes H3K27me3 modifications. Immunofluorescence microscopy reveals that EZH2 localization during murine osteoclastogenesis is dynamically regulated. Using EZH2 knockdown and small molecule EZH2 inhibitor GSK126, we show that EZH2 plays a critical epigenetic role in OCL precursors (OCLp) during the first 24 hours of RANKL activation. RANKL triggers EZH2 translocation into the nucleus where it represses OCL-negative regulators MafB, Irf8, and Arg1. Consistent with its cytoplasmic localization in OCLp, EZH2 methyltransferase activity is required during early RANKL signaling for phosphorylation of AKT, resulting in downstream activation of the mTOR complex, which is essential for induction of OCL differentiation. Inhibition of RANKL-induced pmTOR-pS6RP signaling by GSK126 altered the translation ratio of the C/EBPβ-LAP and C/EBPβ-LIP isoforms and reduced nuclear translocation of the inhibitory C/EBPβ-LIP, which is necessary for transcriptional repression of the OCL negative-regulatory transcription factor MafB. EZH2 in multinucleated OCL is primarily cytoplasmic and mature OCL cultured on bone segments in the presence of GSK126 exhibit defective cytoskeletal architecture and reduced resorptive activity. Here we present new evidence that EZH2 plays epigenetic and cytoplasmic roles during OCL differentiation by suppressing MafB transcription and regulating early phases of PI3K-AKT-mTOR-mediated RANKL signaling, respectively. Consistent with its cytoplasmic localization, EZH2 is required for cytoskeletal dynamics during resorption by mature OCL. Thus, EZH2 exhibits complex roles in supporting osteoclast differentiation and function. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Adamik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sree H Pulugulla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Quanhong Sun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Konstantinos Lontos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David A Macar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Philip E Auron
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Deborah L Galson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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22
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Ha SD, Cho W, DeKoter RP, Kim SO. The transcription factor PU.1 mediates enhancer-promoter looping that is required for IL-1β eRNA and mRNA transcription in mouse melanoma and macrophage cell lines. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:17487-17500. [PMID: 31586032 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA-binding protein PU.1 is a myeloid lineage-determining and pioneering transcription factor due to its ability to bind "closed" genomic sites and maintain "open" chromatin state for myeloid lineage-specific genes. The precise mechanism of PU.1 in cell type-specific programming is yet to be elucidated. The melanoma cell line B16BL6, although it is nonmyeloid lineage, expressed Toll-like receptors and activated the transcription factor NF-κB upon stimulation by the bacterial cell wall component lipopolysaccharide. However, it did not produce cytokines, such as IL-1β mRNA. Ectopic PU.1 expression induced remodeling of a novel distal enhancer (located ∼10 kbp upstream of the IL-1β transcription start site), marked by nucleosome depletion, enhancer-promoter looping, and histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac). PU.1 induced enhancer-promoter looping and H3K27ac through two distinct PU.1 regions. These PU.1-dependent events were independently required for subsequent signal-dependent and co-dependent events: NF-κB recruitment and further H3K27ac, both of which were required for enhancer RNA (eRNA) transcription. In murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells, these PU.1-dependent events were constitutively established and readily expressed eRNA and subsequently IL-1β mRNA by lipopolysaccharide stimulation. In summary, this study showed a sequence of epigenetic events in programming IL-1β transcription by the distal enhancer priming and eRNA production mediated by PU.1 and the signal-dependent transcription factor NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Duck Ha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Siebens-Drake Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Woohyun Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Siebens-Drake Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Rodney P DeKoter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Siebens-Drake Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Sung Ouk Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Siebens-Drake Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6G 2V4, Canada
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23
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Yu W, Wang Z, Zhang K, Chi Z, Xu T, Jiang D, Chen S, Li W, Yang X, Zhang X, Wu Y, Wang D. One-Carbon Metabolism Supports S-Adenosylmethionine and Histone Methylation to Drive Inflammatory Macrophages. Mol Cell 2019; 75:1147-1160.e5. [PMID: 31420217 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Activated macrophages adapt their metabolic pathways to drive the pro-inflammatory phenotype, but little is known about the biochemical underpinnings of this process. Here, we find that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates the pentose phosphate pathway, the serine synthesis pathway, and one-carbon metabolism, the synergism of which drives epigenetic reprogramming for interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression. Glucose-derived ribose and one-carbon units fed by both glucose and serine metabolism are synergistically integrated into the methionine cycle through de novo ATP synthesis and fuel the generation of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) during LPS-induced inflammation. Impairment of these metabolic pathways that feed SAM generation lead to anti-inflammatory outcomes, implicating SAM as an essential metabolite for inflammatory macrophages. Mechanistically, SAM generation maintains a relatively high SAM:S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio to support histone H3 lysine 36 trimethylation for IL-1β production. We therefore identify a synergistic effect of glucose and amino acid metabolism on orchestrating SAM availability that is intimately linked to the chromatin state for inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kailian Zhang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhexu Chi
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Danlu Jiang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xuyan Yang
- Department of Rheumatology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yingliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Di Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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24
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Kalb DM, Adikari SH, Hong-Geller E, Werner JH. Single-cell correlations of mRNA and protein content in a human monocytic cell line after LPS stimulation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215602. [PMID: 31002726 PMCID: PMC6474627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of mRNA and protein expression at the single-cell level can reveal fundamental information about cellular response to external stimuli, including the sensitivity, timing, and regulatory interactions of genes. Here we describe a fully automated system to digitally count the intron, mRNA, and protein content of up to five genes of interest simultaneously in single-cells. Full system automation of 3D microscope scans and custom image analysis routines allows hundreds of individual cells to be automatically segmented and the mRNA-protein content to be digitally counted. Single-molecule intron and mRNA content is measured by single-molecule fluorescence in-situ hybridization (smFISH), while protein content is quantified though the use of antibody probes. To mimic immune response to bacterial infection, human monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the expression of two inflammatory genes, IL1β (interleukin 1β) and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor α), were simultaneously quantified by monitoring the intron, mRNA, and protein levels over time. The simultaneous labeling of cellular content allowed for a series of correlations at the single-cell level to be explored, both in the progressive maturation of a single gene (intron-mRNA-protein) and comparative analysis between the two immune response genes. In the absence of LPS stimulation, mRNA expression of IL1β and TNF-α were uncorrelated. Following LPS stimulation, mRNA expression of the two genes became more correlated, consistent with a model in which IL1β and TNF-α upregulation occurs in parallel through independent mechanistic pathways. This smFISH methodology can be applied to different complex biological systems to provide valuable insight into highly dynamic gene mechanisms that determine cell plasticity and heterogeneity of cellular response.
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MESH Headings
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Indoles/chemistry
- Interleukin-1beta/genetics
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/pathology
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Monocytes/pathology
- Proteins/chemistry
- Proteins/genetics
- Proteins/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Single-Cell Analysis/methods
- THP-1 Cells
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Kalb
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Samantha H. Adikari
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Hong-Geller
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - James H. Werner
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Pulugulla SH, Workman R, Rutter NW, Yang Z, Adamik J, Lupish B, Macar DA, El Abdouni S, Esposito EX, Galson DL, Camacho CJ, Madura JD, Auron PE. A combined computational and experimental approach reveals the structure of a C/EBPβ-Spi1 interaction required for IL1B gene transcription. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:19942-19956. [PMID: 30355733 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that transcription of the human IL1B gene, encoding the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β, depends on long-distance chromatin looping that is stabilized by a mutual interaction between the DNA-binding domains (DBDs) of two transcription factors: Spi1 proto-oncogene at the promoter and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein (C/EBPβ) at a far-upstream enhancer. We have also reported that the C-terminal tail sequence beyond the C/EBPβ leucine zipper is critical for its association with Spi1 via an exposed residue (Arg-232) located within a pocket at one end of the Spi1 DNA-recognition helix. Here, combining in vitro interaction studies with computational docking and molecular dynamics of existing X-ray structures for the Spi1 and C/EBPβ DBDs, along with the C/EBPβ C-terminal tail sequence, we found that the tail sequence is intimately associated with Arg-232 of Spi1. The Arg-232 pocket was computationally screened for small-molecule binding aimed at IL1B transcription inhibition, yielding l-arginine, a known anti-inflammatory amino acid, revealing a potential for disrupting the C/EBPβ-Spi1 interaction. As evaluated by ChIP, cultured lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated THP-1 cells incubated with l-arginine had significantly decreased IL1B transcription and reduced C/EBPβ's association with Spi1 on the IL1B promoter. No significant change was observed in direct binding of either Spi1 or C/EBPβ to cognate DNA and in transcription of the C/EBPβ-dependent IL6 gene in the same cells. These results support the notion that disordered sequences extending from a leucine zipper can mediate protein-protein interactions and can serve as druggable targets for regulating gene promoter activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sree H Pulugulla
- From the Departments of Biological Sciences and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282
| | - Riley Workman
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282
| | - Nathan W Rutter
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Juraj Adamik
- the Department of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Brian Lupish
- From the Departments of Biological Sciences and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282
| | - David A Macar
- From the Departments of Biological Sciences and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282
| | - Samir El Abdouni
- the Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | | | - Deborah L Galson
- the Department of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213,; the Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
| | - Carlos J Camacho
- the Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Jeffry D Madura
- From the Departments of Biological Sciences and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282; Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282
| | - Philip E Auron
- From the Departments of Biological Sciences and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282; the Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219.
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26
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Pulugulla SH, Packard TA, Galloway NLK, Grimmett ZW, Doitsh G, Adamik J, Galson DL, Greene WC, Auron PE. Distinct mechanisms regulate IL1B gene transcription in lymphoid CD4 T cells and monocytes. Cytokine 2018; 111:373-381. [PMID: 30300855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 1β is a pro-inflammatory cytokine important for both normal immune responses and chronic inflammatory diseases. The regulation of the 31 kDa proIL-1β precursor coded by the IL1B gene has been extensively studied in myeloid cells, but not in lymphoid-derived CD4 T cells. Surprisingly, we found that some CD4 T cell subsets express higher levels of proIL-1β than unstimulated monocytes, despite relatively low IL1B mRNA levels. We observed a significant increase in IL1B transcription and translation in CD4 T cells upon ex vivo CD3/CD28 activation, and a similar elevation in the CCR5+ effector memory population compared to CCR5- T cells in vivo. The rapid and vigorous increase in IL1B gene transcription for stimulated monocytes has previously been associated with the presence of Spi-1/PU.1 (Spi1), a myeloid-lineage transcription factor, pre-bound to the promoter. In the case of CD4 T cells, this increase occurred despite the lack of detectable Spi1 at the IL1B promoter. Additionally, we found altered epigenetic regulation of the IL1B locus in CD3/CD28-activated CD4 T cells. Unlike monocytes, activated CD4 T cells possess bivalent H3K4me3+/H3K27me3+ nucleosome marks at the IL1B promoter, reflecting low transcriptional activity. These results support a model in which the IL1B gene in CD4 T cells is transcribed from a low-activity bivalent promoter independent of Spi1. Accumulated cytoplasmic proIL-1β may ultimately be cleaved to mature 17 kDa bioactive IL-1β, regulating T cell polarization and pathogenic chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sree H Pulugulla
- Duquesne University, Department of Biological Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Thomas A Packard
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Nicole L K Galloway
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Zachary W Grimmett
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Gilad Doitsh
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Juraj Adamik
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Deborah L Galson
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States; University of Pittsburgh Hillman Cancer Center & McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Warner C Greene
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Philip E Auron
- Duquesne University, Department of Biological Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States; Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States.
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27
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Maurer K, Ramen S, Shi L, Song L, Sullivan KE. Rapid induction of expression by LPS is accompanied by favorable chromatin and rapid binding of c-Jun. Mol Immunol 2018; 95:99-106. [PMID: 29433067 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The response to infection is managed in mammals by a coordinated immune response. Innate responses are rapid and hard wired and have been demonstrated to be regulated at the level of chromatin accessibility. This study examined primary human monocyte responses to LPS as a model of innate responses to bacteria. We utilized inhibitors of chromatin modifying enzymes to understand the inter-relationships of the chromatin complexes regulating transcription. Multiplex digital gene detection was utilized to quantitate changes in mRNA levels for genes induced by LPS. In the first 30 min, genes that were highly induced by LPS as a group exhibited minimal effect of the chemical inhibitors of chromatin modifications. At 60 min, the more highly expressed genes were markedly more inhibitable. The effects of the inhibitors were almost entirely concordant in spite of different mechanisms of action. Two focus groups of genes with either high LPS inducibility at 30 min or high LPS inducibility at 60 min (but not at 30 min) were further examined by ChIP assay. NFκB p65 binding was increased at the promoters of 30- and 60-min highly inducible genes equivalently. Binding of c-Jun was increased after LPS in the 30-min inducible gene set but not the 60-min inducible gene set. H3K4me3 and H4ac were not detectably altered by LPS stimulation. Baseline H3K4me3 and H4ac were higher in the 30-min highly inducible gene set compared to the 60-min highly inducible gene set. NFκB and JNK inhibitors led to diminished H4ac after LPS. The effects of DRB and C646 were greater for LPS-induced IL6 transcription at 30 min and LPS-stimulated H4ac compared to TNF where transcription was largely unaffected by the inhibitors. In conclusion, genes with very rapidly induced expression after LPS exhibited more favorable chromatin characteristics at baseline and were less inhibitable than genes induced at the later time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Maurer
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Swathi Ramen
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lihua Shi
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Li Song
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen E Sullivan
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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28
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Adamik J, Silbermann R, Marino S, Sun Q, Anderson JL, Zhou D, Xie XQ, Roodman GD, Galson DL. XRK3F2 Inhibition of p62-ZZ Domain Signaling Rescues Myeloma-Induced GFI1-Driven Epigenetic Repression of the Runx2 Gene in Pre-osteoblasts to Overcome Differentiation Suppression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:344. [PMID: 30008697 PMCID: PMC6033965 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma bone disease (MMBD) is characterized by non-healing lytic bone lesions that persist even after a patient has achieved a hematologic remission. We previously reported that p62 (sequestosome-1) in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) is critical for the formation of MM-induced signaling complexes that mediate OB suppression. Importantly, XRK3F2, an inhibitor of the p62-ZZ domain, blunted MM-induced Runx2 suppression in vitro, and induced new bone formation and remodeling in the presence of tumor in vivo. Additionally, we reported that MM cells induce the formation of repressive chromatin on the Runx2 gene in BMSC via direct binding of the transcriptional repressor GFI1, which recruits the histone modifiers, histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). In this study we investigated the mechanism by which blocking p62-ZZ domain-dependent signaling prevents MM-induced suppression of Runx2 in BMSC. XRK3F2 prevented MM-induced upregulation of Gfi1 and repression of the Runx2 gene when present in MM-preOB co-cultures. We also show that p62-ZZ-domain blocking by XRK3F2 also prevented MM conditioned media and TNF plus IL7-mediated Gfi1 mRNA upregulation and the concomitant Runx2 repression, indicating that XRK3F2's prevention of p62-ZZ domain signaling within preOB is involved in the response. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses revealed that XRK3F2 decreased MM-induced GFI1 occupancy at the Runx2-P1 promoter and prevented recruitment of HDAC1, thus preserving the transcriptionally permissive chromatin mark H3K9ac on Runx2 and allowing osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, treatment of MM-exposed preOB with XRK3F2 after MM removal decreased GFI1 enrichment at Runx2-P1 and rescued MM-induced suppression of Runx2 mRNA and its downstream osteogenic gene targets together with increased osteogenic differentiation. Further, primary BMSC (hBMSC) from MM patients (MM-hBMSC) had little ability to increase H3K9ac on the Runx2 promoter in osteogenic conditions when compared to hBMSC from healthy donors (HD). XRK3F2 treatment enriched Runx2 gene H3K9ac levels in MM-hBMSC to the level observed in HD-hBMSC, but did not alter HD-hBMSC H3K9ac. Importantly, XRK3F2 treatment of long-term MM-hBMSC cultures rescued osteogenic differentiation and mineralization. Our data show that blocking p62-ZZ domain-dependent signaling with XRK3F2 can reverse epigenetic-based mechanisms of MM-induced Runx2 suppression and promote osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Adamik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Rebecca Silbermann
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Silvia Marino
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Quanhong Sun
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Judith L. Anderson
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Dan Zhou
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Xiang-Qun Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - G. David Roodman
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Deborah L. Galson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Deborah L. Galson ;
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29
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Adamik J, Jin S, Sun Q, Zhang P, Weiss KR, Anderson JL, Silbermann R, Roodman GD, Galson DL. EZH2 or HDAC1 Inhibition Reverses Multiple Myeloma-Induced Epigenetic Suppression of Osteoblast Differentiation. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:405-417. [PMID: 28119431 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0242-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In multiple myeloma, osteolytic lesions rarely heal because of persistent suppressed osteoblast differentiation resulting in a high fracture risk. Herein, chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses reveal that multiple myeloma cells induce repressive epigenetic histone changes at the Runx2 locus that prevent osteoblast differentiation. The most pronounced multiple myeloma-induced changes were at the Runx2-P1 promoter, converting it from a poised bivalent state to a repressed state. Previously, it was observed that multiple myeloma induces the transcription repressor GFI1 in osteoblast precursors, which correlates with decreased Runx2 expression, thus prompting detailed characterization of the multiple myeloma and TNFα-dependent GFI1 response element within the Runx2-P1 promoter. Further analyses reveal that multiple myeloma-induced GFI1 binding to Runx2 in osteoblast precursors and recruitment of the histone modifiers HDAC1, LSD1, and EZH2 is required to establish and maintain Runx2 repression in osteogenic conditions. These GFI1-mediated repressive chromatin changes persist even after removal of multiple myeloma. Ectopic GFI1 is sufficient to bind to Runx2, recruit HDAC1 and EZH2, increase H3K27me3 on the gene, and prevent osteogenic induction of endogenous Runx2 expression. Gfi1 knockdown in MC4 cells blocked multiple myeloma-induced recruitment of HDAC1 and EZH2 to Runx2, acquisition of repressive chromatin architecture, and suppression of osteoblast differentiation. Importantly, inhibition of EZH2 or HDAC1 activity in pre-osteoblasts after multiple myeloma exposure in vitro or in osteoblast precursors from patients with multiple myeloma reversed the repressive chromatin architecture at Runx2 and rescued osteoblast differentiation.Implications: This study suggests that therapeutically targeting EZH2 or HDAC1 activity may reverse the profound multiple myeloma-induced osteoblast suppression and allow repair of the lytic lesions. Mol Cancer Res; 15(4); 405-17. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Adamik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shunqian Jin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Quanhong Sun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kurt R Weiss
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Judith L Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Rebecca Silbermann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - G David Roodman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana. .,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Deborah L Galson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. .,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Verification of γ-Amino-Butyric Acid (GABA) Signaling System Components in Periodontal Ligament Cells In Vivo and In Vitro. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 36:1353-1363. [PMID: 26865191 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0335-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CNS key neurotransmitter γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA) and its signaling components are likewise detectable in non-neuronal tissues displaying inter alia immunomodulatory functions. This study aimed at identifying potential glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)65 and GABA receptor expression in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells in vivo and in vitro, with particular regard to inflammation and mechanical loading. Gene expression was analyzed in human PDL cells at rest or in response to IL-1ß (5 ng/ml) or TNFα (5 ng/ml) challenge via qRT-PCR. Western blot determined constitutive receptor expression, and confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy visualized expression changes induced by inflammation. ELISA quantified GAD65 release. Immunocytochemistry was performed for GABA component detection in vitro on mechanically loaded PDL cells, and in vivo on rat upper jaw biopsies with mechanically induced root resorptions. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. GABAB1, GABAB2, GABAA1, and GABAA3 were ubiquitously expressed both on gene and protein level. GABAA2 and GAD65 were undetectable in resting cells, but induced by inflammation. GABAB1 exhibited the highest basal gene expression (6.97 % ± 0.16). IL-1ß markedly increased GABAB2 on a transcriptional (57.28-fold ± 12.40) and protein level seen via fluorescence microscopy. TNFα-stimulated PDL cells released GAD65 (3.68 pg/ml ± 0.17 after 24 h, 5.77 pg/ml ± 0.65 after 48 h). Immunocytochemistry revealed GAD65 expression in mechanically loaded PDL cells. In vivo, GABA components were varyingly expressed in an inflammatory periodontal environment. PDL cells differentially express GABA signaling components and secrete GAD65. Inflammation and mechanical loading regulate these neurotransmitter molecules, which are also detectable in vivo and are potentially involved in periodontal pathophysiology.
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Schroyen M, Tuggle CK. Current transcriptomics in pig immunity research. Mamm Genome 2014; 26:1-20. [PMID: 25398484 PMCID: PMC7087981 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-014-9549-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Swine performance in the face of disease challenge is becoming progressively more important. To improve the pig’s robustness and resilience against pathogens through selection, a better understanding of the genetic and epigenetic factors in the immune response is required. This review highlights results from the most recent transcriptome research, and the meta-analyses performed, in the context of pig immunity. A technological overview is given including wholegenome microarrays, immune-specific arrays, small-scale high-throughput expression methods, high-density tiling arrays, and next generation sequencing (NGS). Although whole genome microarray techniques will remain complementary to NGS for some time in domestic species, research will transition to sequencing-based methods due to cost-effectiveness and the extra information that such methods provide. Furthermore, upcoming high-throughput epigenomic studies, which will add greatly to our knowledge concerning the impact of epigenetic modifications on pig immune response, are listed in this review. With emphasis on the insights obtained from transcriptomic analyses for porcine immunity, we also discuss the experimental design in pig immunity research and the value of the newly published porcine genome assembly in using the pig as a model for human immune response. We conclude by discussing the importance of establishing community standards to maximize the possibility of integrative computational analyses, such as was clearly beneficial for the human ENCODE project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Schroyen
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 2255 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA,
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Menon D, Coll R, O'Neill LAJ, Board PG. Glutathione transferase omega 1 is required for the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated induction of NADPH oxidase 1 and the production of reactive oxygen species in macrophages. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 73:318-27. [PMID: 24873723 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of macrophages and inflammation via the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway through NF-κΒ generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα. Because glutathione transferase Omega 1-1 (GSTO1-1) can catalyze redox reactions such as the deglutathionylation of proteins and has also been implicated in the release of IL-1β we investigated its role in the development of LPS-mediated inflammation. Our data show that shRNA knockdown of GSTO1-1 in macrophage-like J774.1A cells blocks the expression of NADPH oxidase 1 and the generation of ROS after LPS stimulation. Similar results were obtained with a GSTO1-1 inhibitor. To maintain high ROS levels during an inflammatory response, LPS stimulation causes the suppression of enzymes such as catalase and glutathione peroxidase that protect against oxidative stress. The knockdown of GSTO1-1 also attenuates this response. Our data indicate that GSTO1-1 needs to be catalytically active and mediates its effects on the LPS/TLR4 inflammatory pathway upstream of NF-κΒ. These data suggest that GSTO1-1 is a novel target for anti-inflammatory intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi Menon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Rebecca Coll
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Luke A J O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Philip G Board
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia.
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