1
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Lörz AN, Schwentner M, Bober S, Jażdżewska AM. Multi-ocean distribution of a brooding predator in the abyssal benthos. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15867. [PMID: 37739991 PMCID: PMC10516890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
How far are species distributed on the abyssal plains? Spanning from 3000 to 6000 m below sea level, abyssal plains cover three-quarters of the ocean floor and are the largest but also least explored habitat on Earth. The question of vertical and horizontal distribution is central to understanding biogeographic and population genetic processes within species inhabiting the deep-sea benthos. Amphipod crustaceans are an important and dominant taxon in this ecosystem. As they are brooders, their dispersal capacities are more limited compared to species with free-swimming larvae, and with the exception of a few scavenging species deep-sea amphipods are restricted to a single ocean. Based on an integrative taxonomic approach (morphology, COI, 16S and 18S) we demonstrate the occurrence of a predatory amphipod species, Rhachotropis abyssalis, in three oceans: the Antarctic Ross Sea, the Northwest Pacific and the North Atlantic; regions more than 20,000 km apart. Although such extensive geographic distributions may represent a rare exception for brooding predators, these findings might also be no exception at all, but a reflection of the rare sampling and rare taxonomic investigation of invertebrate predators in the deep-sea. Our findings highlight our abysmal state of knowledge regarding biodiversity and biogeography on abyssal plains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Nina Lörz
- Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fishery Science (IMF), Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | - Simon Bober
- Department Biodiversity of Animals, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna M Jażdżewska
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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2
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Hupało K, Copilaș-Ciocianu D, Leese F, Weiss M. Morphology, nuclear SNPs and mate selection reveal that COI barcoding overestimates species diversity in a Mediterranean freshwater amphipod by an order of magnitude. Cladistics 2023; 39:129-143. [PMID: 36576962 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA sequence information has revealed many morphologically cryptic species worldwide. For animals, DNA-based assessments of species diversity usually rely on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. However, a growing amount of evidence indicate that mitochondrial markers alone can lead to misleading species diversity estimates due to mito-nuclear discordance. Therefore, reports of putative species based solely on mitochondrial DNA should be verified by other methods, especially in cases where COI sequences are identical for different morphospecies or where divergence within the same morphospecies is high. Freshwater amphipods are particularly interesting in this context because numerous putative cryptic species have been reported. Here, we investigated the species status of the numerous mitochondrial molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) found within Echinogammarus sicilianus. We used an integrative approach combining DNA barcoding with mate selection observations, detailed morphometrics and genome-wide double digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq). Within a relatively small sampling area, we detected twelve COI MOTUs (divergence = 1.8-20.3%), co-occurring in syntopy at two-thirds of the investigated sites. We found that pair formation was random and there was extensive nuclear gene flow among the ten MOTUs co-occurring within the same river stretch. The four most common MOTUs were also indistinguishable with respect to functional morphology. Therefore, the evidence best fits the hypothesis of a single, yet genetically diverse, species within the main river system. The only two MOTUs sampled outside the focal area were genetically distinct at the nuclear level and may represent distinct species. Our study reveals that COI-based species delimitation can significantly overestimate species diversity, highlighting the importance of integrative taxonomy for species validation, especially in hyperdiverse complexes with syntopically occurring mitochondrial MOTUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Hupało
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, Essen, 45141, Germany
| | - Denis Copilaș-Ciocianu
- Nature Research Centre, Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology of Hydrobionts, Akademijos 2, Vilnius, 08412, Lithuania
| | - Florian Leese
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, Essen, 45141, Germany.,Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, Essen, 45141, Germany
| | - Martina Weiss
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, Essen, 45141, Germany.,Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, Essen, 45141, Germany
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3
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Stewart ECD, Bribiesca‐Contreras G, Taboada S, Wiklund H, Ravara A, Pape E, De Smet B, Neal L, Cunha MR, Jones DOB, Smith CR, Glover AG, Dahlgren TG. Biodiversity, biogeography, and connectivity of polychaetes in the world's largest marine minerals exploration frontier. DIVERS DISTRIB 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
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4
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Piertney SB, Wenzel M, Jamieson AJ. Large effective population size masks population genetic structure in Hirondellea amphipods within the deepest marine ecosystem, the Mariana Trench. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:2206-2218. [PMID: 36808786 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The examination of genetic structure in the deep-ocean hadal zone has focused on divergence between tectonic trenches to understand how environment and geography may drive species divergence and promote endemism. There has been little attempt to examine localized genetic structure within trenches, partly because of logistical challenges associated with sampling at an appropriate scale, and the large effective population sizes of species that can be sampled adequately may mask underlying genetic structure. Here we examine genetic structure in the superabundant amphipod Hirondellea gigas in the Mariana Trench at depths of 8126-10,545 m. RAD sequencing was used to identify 3182 loci containing 43,408 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across individuals after stringent pruning of loci to prevent paralogous multicopy genomic regions being erroneously merged. Principal components analysis of SNP genotypes resolved no genetic structure between sampling locations, consistent with a signature of panmixia. However, discriminant analysis of principal components identified divergence between all sites driven by 301 outlier SNPs in 169 loci and significantly associated with latitude and depth. Functional annotation of loci identified differences between singleton loci used in analysis and paralogous loci pruned from the data set and also between outlier and nonoutlier loci, all consistent with hypotheses explaining the role of transposable elements driving genome dynamics. This study challenges the traditional perspective that highly abundant amphipods within a trench form a single panmictic population. We discuss the findings in relation to eco-evolutionary and ontogenetic processes operating in the deep sea, and highlight key challenges associated with population genetic analysis in nonmodel systems with inherent large effective population sizes and genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marius Wenzel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Alan J Jamieson
- Minderoo-UWA Deep-Sea Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences and Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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5
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Knauber H, Silberberg JR, Brandt A, Riehl T. Evolution and biogeography of the Haploniscus belyaevi species complex (Isopoda: Haploniscidae) revealed by means of integrative taxonomy. SYST BIODIVERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2022.2099477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Knauber
- Department of Marine Zoology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Section Crustacea, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt, 60325, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, Frankfurt, 60438, Germany
| | - Jona R. Silberberg
- Department of Marine Zoology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Section Crustacea, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt, 60325, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, Frankfurt, 60438, Germany
| | - Angelika Brandt
- Department of Marine Zoology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Section Crustacea, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt, 60325, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, Frankfurt, 60438, Germany
| | - Torben Riehl
- Department of Marine Zoology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Section Crustacea, Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt, 60325, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, Frankfurt, 60438, Germany
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6
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Weston JNJ, Jensen EL, Hasoon MSR, Kitson JJN, Stewart HA, Jamieson AJ. Barriers to gene flow in the deepest ocean ecosystems: Evidence from global population genomics of a cosmopolitan amphipod. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo6672. [PMID: 36288308 PMCID: PMC9604539 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo6672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The deepest marine ecosystem, the hadal zone, hosts endemic biodiversity resulting from geographic isolation and environmental selection pressures. However, the pan-ocean distribution of some fauna challenges the concept that the hadal zone is a series of isolated island-like habitats. Whether this remains true at the population genomic level is untested. We investigated phylogeographic patterns of the amphipod, Bathycallisoma schellenbergi, from 12 hadal features across the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, and Southern oceans and analyzed genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism markers and two mitochondrial regions. Despite a cosmopolitan distribution, populations were highly restricted to individual features with only limited gene flow between topographically connected features. This lack of connectivity suggests that populations are on separate evolutionary trajectories, with evidence of potential cryptic speciation at the Atacama Trench. Together, this global study demonstrates that the shallower ocean floor separating hadal features poses strong barriers to dispersal, driving genetic isolation and creating pockets of diversity to conserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna N J Weston
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Evelyn L Jensen
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Megan S R Hasoon
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - James J N Kitson
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Heather A Stewart
- British Geological Survey, Lyell Centre, Research Avenue South, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Alan J Jamieson
- Minderoo-UWA Deep-Sea Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences and Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia (M090), 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009
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7
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Zhu L, Geng D, Pan B, Li W, Jiang S, Xu Q. Trace Elemental Analysis of the Exoskeleton, Leg Muscle, and Gut of Three Hadal Amphipods. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1395-1407. [PMID: 34018124 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02728-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hadal trenches are the deepest areas worldwide. Amphipods are considered a key factor in hadal ecosystems because of their important impacts on the hadal environment. Amphipods have benthic habits, and therefore, serve as good metal biomonitors. However, little is known about the hadal amphipod metal accumulations. In the present study, Alicella gigantea, Hirondellea gigas, and Scopelocheirus schellenbergi were sampled from the New Britain Trench (8824m, 7.02S 149.16E), Mariana Trench (10,839m, 11.38N 142.42E), and Marceau Trench (6690m, 1.42N 148.74E) in the West Pacific Ocean, respectively. The elemental concentrations of the three hadal amphipods were subsequently investigated. Nine trace elements (V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Se, Mo, Ag, and Cd) of three tissues (exoskeleton, leg muscle, and gut) of the hadal amphipods were detected by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. The concentrations of Cr, Cd, and Mn were comparably higher among those nine examined elements. The greatest accumulations of the elements Cr, Ag, and V in the exoskeleton and leg muscle were observed in H. gigas, and elements Mn, Co, and Se showed the highest accumulations in the gut in H. gigas among the three hadal amphipods. In addition, comparisons of the leg muscle trace element accumulation between the hadal amphipods and non-abyssal and shallow water decapoda and amphipoda species showed that the hadal amphipods possessed comparably higher concentrations of the trace elements Cd, Co, Mo, Ag, and V. This finding suggested a bottom-up effect of food availability and indicated the effects of human activities within the hadal environments. This study reveals the trace element bio-accumulation of three hadal amphipods, and suggests that deep-sea amphipods are potential indicator species for trace element bioavailability in the deep-sea environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Lingang New City, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoqiang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Lingang New City, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingbing Pan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science & Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianghua Xu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science & Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Lingang New City, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.
- National Distant-water Fisheries Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.
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8
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King RA, Fagan-Jeffries EP, Bradford TM, Stringer DN, Finston TL, Halse SA, Eberhard SM, Humphreys G, Humphreys BF, Austin AD, Cooper SJB. Cryptic diversity down under: defining species in the subterranean amphipod genus Nedsia Barnard & Williams, 1995 (Hadzioidea: Eriopisidae) from the Pilbara, Western Australia. INVERTEBR SYST 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/is21041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Brandão SN, Saeedi H, Brandt A. Macroecology of Southern Ocean benthic Ostracoda (Crustacea) from the continental margin and abyss. Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The Southern Ocean (SO) is the least understood environment on earth, but anthropogenic impacts related to climate change, fishing activities and tourism are already well-established in the region. Herein, we investigate biodiversity patterns in the Atlantic Sector of the SO by investigating a considerable number of samples collected from a wide depth range (89–6224 m). Three topics are addressed: (1) which taxa occur in the SO; (2) if there are distinct shelf, slope and abyssal faunas; and (3) which abiotic parameters explain the ostracod assemblages. We also tested putative ecological preferences of ostracod genera, widely used in palaeoceanographical reconstruction. For this, almost 5000 living ostracods from 51 epibenthic sledge samples were identified to 140 species. Statistically significant differences were observed among the faunas from the shelf, slope and abyssal faunas, indicating that the shelf fauna survived in refugia during the glacial periods of the Quaternary. Our analyses showed that the main variables influencing ostracod distribution is depth, followed by nitrate and phosphate. Temperature, salinity and oxygen content do not seem to be as important as previously proposed. Putative ecological preferences of ostracod genera, for example, low oxygen for Cytherella, could not be confirmed, suggesting that this topic requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone N Brandão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Departmento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciências , Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Hanieh Saeedi
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Angelika Brandt
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Ecology, Diversity and Evolution, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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10
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Paulus E, Brix S, Siebert A, Martínez Arbizu P, Rossel S, Peters J, Svavarsson J, Schwentner M. Recent speciation and hybridization in Icelandic deep-sea isopods: An integrative approach using genomics and proteomics. Mol Ecol 2021; 31:313-330. [PMID: 34676606 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The crustacean marine isopod species Haploniscus bicuspis (Sars, 1877) shows circum-Icelandic distribution in a wide range of environmental conditions and along well-known geographic barriers, such as the Greenland-Iceland-Faroe (GIF) Ridge. We wanted to explore population genetics, phylogeography and cryptic speciation as well as investigate whether previously described, but unaccepted subspecies have any merit. Using the same set of specimens, we combined mitochondrial COI sequences, thousands of nuclear loci (ddRAD), and proteomic profiles, plus selected morphological characters using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Five divergent genetic lineages were identified by COI and ddRAD, two south and three north of the GIF Ridge. Assignment of populations to the three northern lineages varied and detailed analyses revealed hybridization and gene flow between them, suggesting a single northern species with a complex phylogeographic history. No apparent hybridization was observed among lineages south of the GIF Ridge, inferring the existence of two more species. Differences in proteomic profiles between the three putative species were minimal, implying an ongoing or recent speciation process. Population differentiation was high, even among closely associated populations, and higher in mitochondrial COI than nuclear ddRAD loci. Gene flow is apparently male-biased, leading to hybrid zones and instances of complete exchange of the local nuclear genome through immigrating males. This study did not confirm the existence of subspecies defined by male characters, which probably instead refer to different male developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Paulus
- University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Senckenberg am Meer, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Brix
- Senckenberg am Meer, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annabelle Siebert
- Senckenberg am Meer, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Hamburg, Germany.,Center of Natural History (CeNak), Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pedro Martínez Arbizu
- Senckenberg am Meer, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Sven Rossel
- Senckenberg am Meer, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Janna Peters
- Senckenberg am Meer, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Jörundur Svavarsson
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Martin Schwentner
- Center of Natural History (CeNak), Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna, Austria
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11
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Błażewicz M, Jakiel A, Bamber RN, Bird GJ. Pseudotanaidae Sieg, 1976 (Crustacea: Peracarida) from the Southern Ocean: diversity and bathymetric pattern. THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2021.1960444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Błażewicz
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - A. Jakiel
- Department of Genetics and Marine Biotechnology, IO PAN, Sopot, Poland
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12
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Weston JNJ, Espinosa-Leal L, Wainwright JA, Stewart ECD, González CE, Linley TD, Reid WDK, Hidalgo P, Oliva ME, Ulloa O, Wenzhöfer F, Glud RN, Escribano R, Jamieson AJ. Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) exhibits ontogenetic vertical stratification across abyssal and hadal depths in the Atacama Trench, eastern South Pacific Ocean. MARINE BIODIVERSITY : A JOURNAL OF THE SENCKENBERG RESEARCH INSTITUTE 2021; 51:51. [PMID: 34007343 PMCID: PMC8120496 DOI: 10.1007/s12526-021-01182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Eurythenes S.I. Smith in Scudder, 1882 (Crustacea: Amphipoda) are prevalent scavengers of the benthopelagic community from bathyal to hadal depths. While a well-studied genus, molecular systematic studies have uncovered cryptic speciation and multiple undescribed lineages. Here, we apply an integrative taxonomic approach and describe the tenth species, Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov., based on specimens from the 2018 Atacamex and RV Sonne SO261 Expeditions to the southern sector of the Peru-Chile Trench, the Atacama Trench (24-21°S). Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. is a large species, max. observed length 83.2 mm, possesses diagnostic features, including a short gnathopod 1 palm and a chelate gnathopod 2 palm, and a distinct genetic lineage based on a 16S rRNA and COI phylogeny. This species is a dominant bait-attending fauna with an extensive bathymetric range, spanning from 4974 to 8081 m. The RV Sonne SO261 specimens were recovered along a 10-station transect from abyssal to hadal depths and further examined for demographic and bathymetric-related patterns. Ontogenetic vertical stratification was evident across the trench axis, with only juveniles present at abyssal depths (4974-6025 m). Total length-depth analysis revealed that the size of females was unrelated to depth, whereas juveniles followed a sigmoidal relationship with a step-up in size at depths >7200 m. Thus, these bathymetric trends suggest that juveniles and females employ differing ecological strategies in subduction trench environments. This study highlights that even dominant and ecologically important species are still being discovered within the abyssal and hadal environments. Continued systematic expeditions will lead to an improved understanding of the eco-evolutionary drivers of speciation in the world's largest ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna N. J. Weston
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | - Liliana Espinosa-Leal
- Programa de Doctorado en Oceanografía, Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160 C, Concepción, Chile
- Departamento de Oceanografía and Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160 C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jennifer A. Wainwright
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | - Eva C. D. Stewart
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
- Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD UK
| | - Carolina E. González
- Departamento de Oceanografía and Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160 C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Thomas D. Linley
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | - William D. K. Reid
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | - Pamela Hidalgo
- Departamento de Oceanografía and Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160 C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Marcelo E. Oliva
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander von Humboldt, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Osvaldo Ulloa
- Departamento de Oceanografía and Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160 C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Frank Wenzhöfer
- HGF-MPG Group for Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz-Center for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28358 Bremen, Germany
- Department of Biology, Nordcee and HADAL, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ronnie N. Glud
- Department of Biology, Nordcee and HADAL, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477 Japan
| | - Rubén Escribano
- Departamento de Oceanografía and Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160 C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alan J. Jamieson
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
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13
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Levicoy D, Flores K, Rosenfeld S, Cárdenas L. Phylogeography and genetic diversity of the microbivalve Kidderia subquadrata, reveals new data from West Antarctic Peninsula. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5705. [PMID: 33707560 PMCID: PMC7952419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that Antarctic biodiversity has been strongly influenced by rapid climatic fluctuations during the Quaternary. Marine invertebrates from Antarctica constitute an interesting lens through which to study the impacts of the last glacial periods as glaciation impacted the distribution and intraspecific genetic variation of these animals. However, the impact on the spatial genetic distribution and historical demography of local processes in areas adjacent to the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is less clear. Here we present new genetic information on the bivalve Kidderia subquadrata, a small mollusk that inhabits intertidal rocky island ecosystems throughout the WAP. Using a phylogeographical approach, we examined the spatial patterns of genetic diversity in this brooder species to test the hypothesis of strong genetic structure in incubating organisms and the hypothesis of glacial refugia in organisms with limited dispersion. We found evidence of strong genetic structure among populations of the WAP and a recent expansion in the South Shetland Islands. Our findings are concordant with the predictions that incubating organisms, abundant in Antarctica, present a strong genetic structure among their populations and also support the hypothesis of glacial refugia in organisms with limited dispersion. The effect of the coastal current pattern in the WAP is suggested as a driver to the local spatial dynamics of the genetic diversity distribution. Although genetic information about this microbivalve is still scarce, the knowledge reported here has increased our understanding of the evolutionary patterns of this organism that is endemic to the Southern Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Levicoy
- Centro FONDAP- IDEAL, Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales and Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Independencia 641, P.O. Box 567, Valdivia, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Kamilla Flores
- Centro FONDAP- IDEAL, Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales and Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Independencia 641, P.O. Box 567, Valdivia, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Sebastián Rosenfeld
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos Y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile.,Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leyla Cárdenas
- Centro FONDAP- IDEAL, Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales and Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Independencia 641, P.O. Box 567, Valdivia, Punta Arenas, Chile.
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14
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Kaiser S, Kihara TC, Brix S, Mohrbeck I, Janssen A, Jennings RM. Species boundaries and phylogeographic patterns in new species of Nannoniscus (Janiroidea: Nannoniscidae) from the equatorial Pacific nodule province inferred from mtDNA and morphology. Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Spatial patterns of genetic variation (based on COI and 16S mtDNA) for morphologically similar species in the isopod genus Nannoniscus G.O. Sars. 1870 were examined that occur broadly across the Clarion Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ). Samples were obtained from five different licence areas as well as an Area of Particular Environmental Interest (APEI-6) with sites located at various distances (a few to several hundred kilometres) from one another. Applying three different species delimitation (SD) methods (sGMYC, mPTP and ABGD) of the molecular data, we could distinguish between four and 12 different molecular taxonomic operational units (MOTUs). Morphological analyses could confirm five distinct phenotypic clades that represent species new to science and are described here: Nannoniscus brenkei sp. nov., Nannoniscus hilario sp. nov., Nannoniscus magdae sp. nov., Nannoniscus menoti sp. nov. and Nannoniscus pedro sp. nov. Despite the assumed limited dispersal capacity of Nannoniscus species, we found haplotypes of two species to be geographically widespread (up to > 1400 km apart), as opposed to several divergent clades occurring in close vicinity or even sympatry. Geographic distance appeared to explain the phylogeographic structure of Nannoniscus species to some extent, although oceanographic features and level of environmental heterogeneity were probably equally important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Kaiser
- German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Senckenberg am Meer, c/o Center of Natural History (CeNak), Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz, Hamburg, Germany
- CeNak, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Terue Cristina Kihara
- German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Senckenberg am Meer, Südstrand, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- INES Integrated Environmental Solutions UG, Südstrand, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Saskia Brix
- German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Senckenberg am Meer, c/o Center of Natural History (CeNak), Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Inga Mohrbeck
- German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Senckenberg am Meer, Südstrand, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Annika Janssen
- German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Senckenberg am Meer, Südstrand, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
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15
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Verheye ML, D’Udekem D’Acoz C. Integrative taxonomy of giant crested Eusirus in the Southern Ocean, including the description of a new species (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Eusiridae). Zool J Linn Soc 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Among Antarctic amphipods of the genus Eusirus, a highly distinctive clade of giant species is characterized by a dorsal, blade-shaped tooth on pereionites 5–7 and pleonites 1–3. This lineage, herein named ‘crested Eusirus’, includes two potential species complexes, the Eusirus perdentatus and Eusirus giganteus complexes, in addition to the more distinctive Eusirus propeperdentatus. Molecular phylogenies and statistical parsimony networks (COI, CytB and ITS2) of crested Eusirus are herein reconstructed. This study aims to formally revise species diversity within crested Eusirus by applying several species delimitation methods (Bayesian implementation of the Poisson tree processes model, general mixed Yule coalescent, multi-rate Poisson tree processes and automatic barcode gap discovery) on the resulting phylogenies. In addition, results from the DNA-based methods are benchmarked against a detailed morphological analysis of all available specimens of the E. perdentatus complex. Our results indicate that species diversity of crested Eusirus is underestimated. Overall, DNA-based methods suggest that the E. perdentatus complex is composed of three putative species and that the E. giganteus complex includes four or five putative species. The morphological analysis of available specimens from the E. perdentatus complex corroborates molecular results by identifying two differentiable species, the genuine E. perdentatus and a new species, herein described as Eusirus pontomedon sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie L Verheye
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, O.D. Nature, Rue Vautier, Brussels, Belgium
- Université de Liège, Laboratoire d’Océanologie, Quartier Agora, Allée du 6 Août, Liège, Belgium
| | - Cédric D’Udekem D’Acoz
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, O.D. Nature, Rue Vautier, Brussels, Belgium
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16
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Wattier R, Mamos T, Copilaş-Ciocianu D, Jelić M, Ollivier A, Chaumot A, Danger M, Felten V, Piscart C, Žganec K, Rewicz T, Wysocka A, Rigaud T, Grabowski M. Continental-scale patterns of hyper-cryptic diversity within the freshwater model taxon Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea, Amphipoda). Sci Rep 2020; 10:16536. [PMID: 33024224 PMCID: PMC7538970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73739-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional morphological diagnoses of taxonomic status remain widely used while an increasing number of studies show that one morphospecies might hide cryptic diversity, i.e. lineages with unexpectedly high molecular divergence. This hidden diversity can reach even tens of lineages, i.e. hyper cryptic diversity. Even well-studied model-organisms may exhibit overlooked cryptic diversity. Such is the case of the freshwater crustacean amphipod model taxon Gammarus fossarum. It is extensively used in both applied and basic types of research, including biodiversity assessments, ecotoxicology and evolutionary ecology. Based on COI barcodes of 4926 individuals from 498 sampling sites in 19 European countries, the present paper shows (1) hyper cryptic diversity, ranging from 84 to 152 Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units, (2) ancient diversification starting already 26 Mya in the Oligocene, and (3) high level of lineage syntopy. Even if hyper cryptic diversity was already documented in G. fossarum, the present study increases its extent fourfold, providing a first continental-scale insight into its geographical distribution and establishes several diversification hotspots, notably south-eastern and central Europe. The challenges of recording hyper cryptic diversity in the future are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Wattier
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France.
| | - Tomasz Mamos
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Denis Copilaş-Ciocianu
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius Nature Research Centre, Institute of Ecology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mišel Jelić
- Department of Natural Sciences, Varaždin City Museum, Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Anthony Ollivier
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Arnaud Chaumot
- Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, INRAE, UR RiverLy, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Michael Danger
- UMR CNRS 73602 LIEC, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Vincent Felten
- UMR CNRS 73602 LIEC, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | | | - Krešimir Žganec
- Department of Teacher Education Studies in Gospić, University of Zadar, Gospić, Croatia
| | - Tomasz Rewicz
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,University of Guelph, Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Wysocka
- Department of Genetics and Biosystematics, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Thierry Rigaud
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Michał Grabowski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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17
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Jennings LA, Bojko J, Rotjan RD, Behringer DC. Cirolana westbyi, (Isopoda: Cirolanidae) a new species in the ‘ Cirolana parva-group’ from the Turneffe Atoll, Belize. J NAT HIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1837273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A. Jennings
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jamie Bojko
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
- National Horizons Centre, Teeside University Darlington, Darlington, UK
| | - Randi D. Rotjan
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University Marine Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald C. Behringer
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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18
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Weston JNJ, Peart RA, Jamieson AJ. Amphipods from the Wallaby-Zenith Fracture Zone, Indian Ocean: new genus and two new species identified by integrative taxonomy. SYST BIODIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2020.1729891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna N. J. Weston
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Rachael A. Peart
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), 301 Evans Bay Parade, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand
| | - Alan J. Jamieson
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
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19
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Zaharias P, Kantor YI, Fedosov AE, Criscione F, Hallan A, Kano Y, Bardin J, Puillandre N. Just the once will not hurt: DNA suggests species lumping over two oceans in deep-sea snails (Cryptogemma). Zool J Linn Soc 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The practice of species delimitation using molecular data commonly leads to the revealing of species complexes and an increase in the number of delimited species. In a few instances, however, DNA-based taxonomy has led to lumping together of previously described species. Here, we delimit species in the genus Cryptogemma (Gastropoda: Conoidea: Turridae), a group of deep-sea snails with a wide geographical distribution, primarily by using the mitochondrial COI gene. Three approaches of species delimitation (ABGD, mPTP and GMYC) were applied to define species partitions. All approaches resulted in eight species. According to previous taxonomic studies and shell morphology, 23 available names potentially apply to the eight Cryptogemma species that were recognized herein. Shell morphometrics, radular characters and geographical and bathymetric distributions were used to link type specimens to these delimited species. In all, 23 of these available names are here attributed to seven species, resulting in 16 synonymizations, and one species is described as new: Cryptogemma powelli sp. nov. We discuss the possible reasons underlying the apparent overdescription of species within Cryptogemma, which is shown here to constitute a rare case of DNA-based species lumping in the hyper-diversified superfamily Conoidea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Zaharias
- Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, 43 rue Cuvier, CP 26, Paris, France
| | - Yuri I Kantor
- A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander E Fedosov
- A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Francesco Criscione
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anders Hallan
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yasunori Kano
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jérémie Bardin
- Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie – Paris (CR2P-UMR 7207), Sorbonne Université-CNRS-MNHN, Site Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 place Jussieu, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Puillandre
- Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, 43 rue Cuvier, CP 26, Paris, France
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20
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Li JY, Liao YW, Li J, He LS. The complete mitochondrial genome of the deep-sea amphipod Eurythenes magellanicus (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Lysianassidae). MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2019; 5:337-339. [PMID: 33366546 PMCID: PMC7748488 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1703573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of the deep sea amphipod Eurythenes magellanicus was determined in this paper. This molecular was 14,988 bp in length, and contained the typical 13 protein coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and one control region (CR). The gene order of E. magellanicus was identical to that from E. maldoror, a deep sea amphipod inhabiting in a deeper habitat than E. magellanicus. A maximum-likelihood tree based on the 13 PCGs from 25 amphipods indicated that E. magellanicus and E. maldoror were closely related and the origin of deep sea amphipods was not monophyletic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yuan Li
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Yan-Wen Liao
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China.,College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Li-Sheng He
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
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21
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Integrative systematics and ecology of a new deep-sea family of tanaidacean crustaceans. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18720. [PMID: 31822695 PMCID: PMC6904764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A new family of paratanaoidean Tanaidacea – Paranarthrurellidae fam. nov. – is erected to accommodate two genera without family classification (Paratanaoidea incertae sedis), namely Armatognathia Kudinova-Pasternak, 1987 and Paranarthrurella Lang, 1971. Seven new species of Paranarthrurella and two of Armatognathia are described from material taken in different deep-sea areas of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The type species of Paranarthrurella — P. caudata (Kudinova-Pasternak, 1965) — is redescribed based on the paratype. The genus Cheliasetosatanais Larsen and Araújo-Silva, 2014 originally classified within Colletteidae is synonymised with Paranarthrurella, and Arthrura shiinoi Kudinova-Pasternak, 1973 is transferred to Armatognathia. Amended diagnoses of Armatognathia and Paranarthrurella genera are given. Choosing characters for distinguishing and defining both genera was supported by Principal Component Analysis. Designation of the new family is supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis of COI and 18S datasets. The distribution of all species currently included in the new family was visualised and their bathymetric distribution analysed.
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22
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Deep ocean seascape and Pseudotanaidae (Crustacea: Tanaidacea) diversity at the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17305. [PMID: 31754124 PMCID: PMC6872736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51434-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the diversity and spatial distribution of benthic species is fundamental to properly assess the impact of deep sea mining. Tanaidacea provide an exceptional opportunity for assessing spatial patterns in the deep-sea, given their low mobility and limited dispersal potential. The diversity and distribution of pseudotanaid species is characterized here for the Clarion and Clipperton Fractures Zone (CCZ), which is the most extensive deposit field of metallic nodules. Samples were taken from the Belgian, German and French license areas, but also from the APEI 3 (Area of Particular Environmental Interest 3) of the Interoceanmetal consortium associates. The combination of morphological and genetic data uncovered one new pseudotanaid genus (Beksitanais n. gen.) and 14 new species of Pseudotanais (2 of them virtual taxa). Moreover, our results suggest that spatial structuring of pseudotanaid diversity is correlated with deep-sea features, particularly the presence of fractures and seamount chains crossing the CCZ. The presence of geographical barriers delimiting species distributions has important implications for the establishment of protected areas, and the APEI3 protected area contains only one third of the total pseudotanaid species in CCZ. The specimen collection studied here is extremely valuable and represents an important first step in characterizing the diversity and distribution of pseudotanaids within the Tropical Eastern Pacific.
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23
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Li JY, Song ZL, Yan GY, He LS. The complete mitochondrial genome of the largest amphipod, Alicella gigantea: Insight into its phylogenetic relationships and deep sea adaptive characters. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:570-577. [PMID: 31505211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Alicella gigantea (Alicelloidae) is a scavenger with the largest body size among amphipods. It is a participant in the foodweb of deepsea ecosystem and distributed with vast bathymetric and geographic ranges. In this study, the mitochondrial genome of A. gigantea was completely assembled and characterized. The complete sequence has a total length of 16,851 bp, comprising the usual eukaryotic components, with 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and 2 noncoding control regions (CRs). The gene rearrangement and reverse nucleotide strand bias of its mitochondrial genome are similar to those observed in the deepsea amphipod Eurythenes maldoror (Eurytheneidae), but different from the characters of Halice sp. MT-2017 (Dexaminoidea), an inhabitant of a deeper environment. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that A. gigantea occupies the basal branch of deepsea species-E. maldoror and Hirondellea gigas. This phylogeny supports the hypothesis that the evolution of hadal amphipods has undergone a transition from the abyssal depth. Compared to 41 available shallow water equivalents, the four accessible mitochondrial genomes from the deep sea, including the one produced in this study, show significantly fewer charged amino acids in the 13 PCGs, which suggests an adaption to the deepsea environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yuan Li
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572000, PR China
| | - Zeng-Lei Song
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572000, PR China
| | - Guo-Yong Yan
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572000, PR China
| | - Li-Sheng He
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572000, PR China.
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24
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Chan J, Pan B, Geng D, Zhang Q, Zhang S, Guo J, Xu Q. Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis of Three Deep-Sea Amphipod Species from Geographically Isolated Hadal Trenches in the Pacific Ocean. Biochem Genet 2019; 58:157-170. [PMID: 31410625 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-019-09935-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Amphipods of the superfamily Lysianassoidea that inhabit the hadal zone ( > 6000 m) have large bathymetric ranges and play a key role in deep ocean ecosystems. The endemism of these amphipod species makes them a good model for investigating potent natural selection and restricted dispersal in deep ocean trenches. Here, we describe genetic diversity and intraspecific population differentiation among three amphipod species from four Pacific trenches based on a mtDNA concatenated dataset (CO Ι and 16S rRNA genes) from 150 amphipod individuals. All amphipod populations had low genetic diversity, as indicated by haplotype and nucleotide diversity values. Population geographic relationship analysis of two Alicella gigantea populations revealed no genetic differentiation between these two localities (pairwise genetic differentiation coefficient = 0.00032, gene flow = 784.58), and the major variation (99.97%) was derived from variation within the populations. Historical demographic events were investigated using Tajima's D and Fu's F neutrality tests and analysis of mismatch distribution. Consistent results provided strong evidence to support the premise that demographic expansion occurred only for the Mariana population of Hirondellea gigas, possibly within the last 2.1-3.4 million years. These findings suggest that the formation of amphipod population structure might be the result of multiple factors including high hydrostatic pressure, food distribution, trench topographic forcing and potential ecological interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiulin Chan
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Lingang New City, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Binbin Pan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science & Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Daoqiang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Lingang New City, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiming Zhang
- Shanghai Rainbowfish Ocean Technology Co., Ltd, Lingang New City, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science & Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science & Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Qianghua Xu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science & Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Lingang New City, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.
- National Distant-Water Fisheries Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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25
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The use of spatially explicit genetic variation data from four deep-sea sponges to inform the protection of Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5482. [PMID: 30940897 PMCID: PMC6445101 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41877-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The United Nations General Assembly has called for greater protection of the world’s deep-sea species and of features such as Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VMEs). Sponges are important components of VMEs and information about their spatially explicit genetic diversity can inform management decisions concerning the placement of protected areas. We employed a spatially explicit hierarchical testing framework to examine genetic variation amongst archived samples of four deep-sea sponges in the New Zealand region. For Poecillastra laminaris Sollas 1886, significant mitochondrial (COI, Cytb) and nuclear DNA (microsatellite) genetic differences were observed between provinces, amongst north-central-south regions and amongst geomorphic features. For Penares sp. no significant structure was detected (COI, 12S) across the same areas. For both Neoaulaxinia persicum Kelly, 2007 (COI, 12S) and Pleroma menoui Lévi & Lévi 1983 (COI) there was no evidence of genetic differentiation within their northern only regional distributions. Of 10 separate species-by-marker tests for isolation-by-distance and isolation-by-depth, only the isolation-by-depth test for N. persicum for COI was significant. The use of archived samples highlights how historical material may be used to support national and international management decisions. The results are discussed in the broader context of existing marine protected areas, and possible future design of spatial management measures for protecting VMEs in the New Zealand region.
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Menegotto A, Rangel TF. Mapping knowledge gaps in marine diversity reveals a latitudinal gradient of missing species richness. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4713. [PMID: 30413710 PMCID: PMC6226500 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07217-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A reliable description of any spatial pattern in species richness requires accurate knowledge about species geographical distribution. However, sampling bias may generate artefactual absences within species range and compromise our capacity to describe biodiversity patterns. Here, we analysed the spatial distribution of 35,000 marine species (varying from copepods to sharks) to identify missing occurrences (gaps) across their latitudinal range. We find a latitudinal gradient of species absence peaking near the equator, a pattern observed in both shallow and deep waters. The tropical gap in species distribution seems a consequence of reduced sampling effort at low latitudes. Overall, our results suggest that spatial gaps in species distribution are the main cause of the bimodal pattern of marine diversity. Therefore, only increasing sampling effort at low latitudes will reveal if the absence of species in the tropics, and the consequent dip in species richness, are artefacts of sampling bias or a natural phenomenon. Accurate understanding of species biogeographic patterns is contingent upon adequate sampling effort across space. Here, the authors analyse the distribution records for 35,000 marine species, highlighting data gaps caused by undersampling in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Menegotto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 74690-900, GO, Brazil.
| | - Thiago F Rangel
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 74690-900, GO, Brazil
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27
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Lörz AN, Jażdżewska AM, Brandt A. A new predator connecting the abyssal with the hadal in the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench, NW Pacific. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4887. [PMID: 29892501 PMCID: PMC5994337 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The bathyal to hadal deep sea of north-west Pacific Ocean was recently intensively sampled during four international expeditions (KuramBio I and II, SoJaBio and SokhoBio). A large amphipod, Rhachotropis saskia n. sp., was sampled in the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench and increases the number of described hadal species of that area to eight. A detailed description of the new species is provided, including illustrations, scanning-microscope images and molecular analysis. This predatory species was sampled at both continental and ocean abyssal margins of the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench as well as at hadal depths of the trench. The wide bathymetric distribution of the new species over more than 3,000 m is confirmed by molecular analysis, indicating that the Kuril Kamchatka Trench is not a distribution barrier for this species. However, the molecular analysis indicated the presence of isolation by distance of the populations of the studied taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Nina Lörz
- Centre of Natural History, Zoological Museum, University of Hamburg CeNak, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Maria Jażdżewska
- Laboratory of Polar Biology and Oceanobiology, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Angelika Brandt
- Department of Marine Zoology, Section Crustacea, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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28
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Tempestini A, Rysgaard S, Dufresne F. Species identification and connectivity of marine amphipods in Canada's three oceans. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197174. [PMID: 29791459 PMCID: PMC5965885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring the distribution of marine biodiversity is a crucial step to better assess the impacts of global changes. Arctic marine fauna is dominated by amphipods in terms of abundance and biomass. These peracarids are an important marine order of crustaceans but the number of species found in the different Canadian oceans is currently unknown. Furthermore, most species are difficult to identify due to poor taxonomic descriptions and morphological convergence. The aim of this study was to assess the species diversity of marine amphipods in the three Canadian oceans using DNA barcoding. To do so, we produced a database of DNA barcodes of amphipods from the three Canadian Oceans publicly available from the BOLD website to which we added 310 new sequences from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. We first delimited amphipod species based on barcode gap detection techniques and tree based method (bPTP) and then compared the composition of amphipods among the three oceans in order to assess the influence of past transarctic exchanges on Arctic diversity. Our analysis of 2309 sequences which represent more than 250 provisional species revealed a high connectivity between the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. Our results also suggest that a single threshold to delimitate species is not suitable for amphipods. This study highlights the challenges involved in species delimitation and the need to obtain complete barcoding inventories in marine invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Tempestini
- Département de biologie et Québec Océan, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Søren Rysgaard
- University of Manitoba, Centre for Earth Observation Science, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland
- Aarhus University, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - France Dufresne
- Département de biologie et Centre d’étude Nordique, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
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Beermann J, Westbury MV, Hofreiter M, Hilgers L, Deister F, Neumann H, Raupach MJ. Cryptic species in a well-known habitat: applying taxonomics to the amphipod genus Epimeria (Crustacea, Peracarida). Sci Rep 2018; 8:6893. [PMID: 29720606 PMCID: PMC5931980 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxonomy plays a central role in biological sciences. It provides a communication system for scientists as it aims to enable correct identification of the studied organisms. As a consequence, species descriptions should seek to include as much available information as possible at species level to follow an integrative concept of 'taxonomics'. Here, we describe the cryptic species Epimeria frankei sp. nov. from the North Sea, and also redescribe its sister species, Epimeria cornigera. The morphological information obtained is substantiated by DNA barcodes and complete nuclear 18S rRNA gene sequences. In addition, we provide, for the first time, full mitochondrial genome data as part of a metazoan species description for a holotype, as well as the neotype. This study represents the first successful implementation of the recently proposed concept of taxonomics, using data from high-throughput technologies for integrative taxonomic studies, allowing the highest level of confidence for both biodiversity and ecological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Beermann
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Department of Functional Ecology, PO Box 120161, 27515, Bremerhaven, Germany.
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany.
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Michael V Westbury
- University of Potsdam, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael Hofreiter
- University of Potsdam, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Leon Hilgers
- University of Potsdam, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Deister
- Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 2503, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Neumann
- Senckenberg am Meer, Department for Marine Research, Südstrand 40, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Michael J Raupach
- Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 2503, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
- Senckenberg am Meer, German Center of Marine Biodiversity (DZMB), Südstrand 44, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
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30
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Kobayashi H, Nagahama T, Arai W, Sasagawa Y, Umeda M, Hayashi T, Nikaido I, Watanabe H, Oguri K, Kitazato H, Fujioka K, Kido Y, Takami H. Polysaccharide hydrolase of the hadal zone amphipods Hirondellea gigas. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:1123-1133. [PMID: 29623763 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1459178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Hirondellea species are common inhabitants in the hadal region deeper than 7,000 m. We found that Hirondellea gigas thrived in the Challenger Deep possessed polysaccharide hydrolases as digestive enzymes. To obtain various enzymes of other H. gigas, we captured amphipods from the Japan Trench, and Izu-Ogasawara (Bonin) Trench. A phylogenetic analysis based on the cytochrome oxidase I gene showed close relationships among amphipods, despite the geographic distance between the localities. However, several differences in enzymatic properties were observed in these H. gigas specimens. We also carried out RNA sequencing of H. gigas from the Izu-Ogasawara Trench. The cellulase gene of H. gigas was highly homologous to cellobiohydrolase of Glucosyl Hydrolase family 7 (GH7). On the other hand, enzymatic properties of H. gigas's cellulase were different from those of typical GH7 cellobiohydrolase. Thus, these results indicate that hadal-zone amphipod can be good candidates as the new enzyme resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Kobayashi
- a Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) , Yokosuka , Japan
| | - Takahiko Nagahama
- b Department of Foods and Human Nutrition , Notre Dame Seishin University , Okayama , Japan
| | - Wataru Arai
- a Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) , Yokosuka , Japan
| | - Yohei Sasagawa
- c Bioinformatics Research Unit, Advanced Center for Computing and Communication , RIKEN , Saitama , Japan
| | - Mana Umeda
- c Bioinformatics Research Unit, Advanced Center for Computing and Communication , RIKEN , Saitama , Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Hayashi
- c Bioinformatics Research Unit, Advanced Center for Computing and Communication , RIKEN , Saitama , Japan
| | - Itoshi Nikaido
- c Bioinformatics Research Unit, Advanced Center for Computing and Communication , RIKEN , Saitama , Japan
| | - Hiromi Watanabe
- a Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) , Yokosuka , Japan
| | - Kazumasa Oguri
- a Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) , Yokosuka , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitazato
- a Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) , Yokosuka , Japan
| | - Kantaro Fujioka
- d Faculty of Engineering , Kanagawa University , Yokohama Chity , Japan
| | - Yukari Kido
- a Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) , Yokosuka , Japan
| | - Hideto Takami
- a Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) , Yokosuka , Japan
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31
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Eilertsen MH, Georgieva MN, Kongsrud JA, Linse K, Wiklund H, Glover AG, Rapp HT. Genetic connectivity from the Arctic to the Antarctic: Sclerolinum contortum and Nicomache lokii (Annelida) are both widespread in reducing environments. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4810. [PMID: 29556042 PMCID: PMC5859262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The paradigm of large geographic ranges in the deep sea has been challenged by genetic studies, which often reveal putatively widespread species to be several taxa with more restricted ranges. Recently, a phylogeographic study revealed that the tubeworm Sclerolinum contortum (Siboglinidae) inhabits vents and seeps from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Here, we further test the conspecificity of the same populations of S. contortum with additional mitochondrial and nuclear markers. We also investigate the genetic connectivity of another species with putatively the same wide geographic range - Nicomache lokii (Maldanidae). Our results support the present range of S. contortum, and the range of N. lokii is extended from vents and seeps in the Nordic Seas to mud volcanoes in the Barbados Trench and Antarctic vents. Sclerolinum contortum shows more pronounced geographic structure than N. lokii, but whether this is due to different dispersal capacities or reflects the geographic isolation of the sampled localities is unclear. Two distinct mitochondrial lineages of N. lokii are present in the Antarctic, which may result from two independent colonization events. The environmental conditions inhabited by the two species and implications for their distinct habitat preference is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari H Eilertsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, PO Box 7800, N-5020, Bergen, Norway. .,K.G. Jebsen Centre for Deep-Sea Research, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, N-5020, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Magdalena N Georgieva
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Jon A Kongsrud
- Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, PO Box 7800, N-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Katrin Linse
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Helena Wiklund
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Adrian G Glover
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Hans T Rapp
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, PO Box 7800, N-5020, Bergen, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Centre for Deep-Sea Research, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, N-5020, Bergen, Norway.,Uni Research, Uni Environment, PO Box 7810, N-5020, Bergen, Norway
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32
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Brix S, Lorz AN, Jazdzewska AM, Hughes L, Tandberg AHS, Pabis K, Stransky B, Krapp-Schickel T, Sorbe JC, Hendrycks E, Vader W, Frutos I, Horton T, Jazdzewski K, Peart R, Jan Beermann, Coleman CO, Buhl-Mortensen L, Laure Corbari, Havermans C, Tato R, Campean AJ. Amphipod family distributions around Iceland. Zookeys 2018:1-53. [PMID: 29430208 PMCID: PMC5806392 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.731.19854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphipod crustaceans were collected at all 55 stations sampled with an epibenthic sledge
during two IceAGE expeditions (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and
Ecology) in 2011 and 2013. In total, 34 amphipod families and three superfamilies were
recorded in the samples. Distribution maps are presented for each taxon along with a
summary of the regional taxonomy for the group. Statistical analyses based on
presence/absence data revealed a pattern of family distributions that correlated with
sampling depth. Clustering according to the geographic location of the stations
(northernmost North Atlantic Sea and Arctic Ocean) can also be observed. IceAGE data for the Amphilochidae and
Oedicerotidae were analysed on species level; in
case of the Amphilochidae they were compared to the findings
from a previous Icelandic benthic survey, BIOICE (Benthic Invertebrates of Icelandic waters), which also identified a
high abundance of amphipod fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Brix
- Senckenberg am Meer, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), c/o Biocenter Grindel, CeNak, Zoological Museum Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg
| | - Anne-Nina Lorz
- University of Hamburg, Biocenter Grindel, CeNak, Zoological Museum Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg
| | - Anna M Jazdzewska
- Laboratory of Polar Biology and Oceanobiology, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha st., 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Lauren Hughes
- Natural History Museum, London, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, United Kingdom
| | | | - Krzysztof Pabis
- Laboratory of Polar Biology and Oceanobiology, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha st., 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bente Stransky
- University of Hamburg, Biocenter Grindel, CeNak, Zoological Museum Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg
| | | | | | | | - Wim Vader
- Tromso Museum, University of Tromso, 9037 Tromso, Norway
| | - Inmaculada Frutos
- University of Hamburg, Biocenter Grindel, CeNak, Zoological Museum Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg
| | - Tammy Horton
- National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Krzysztof Jazdzewski
- Laboratory of Polar Biology and Oceanobiology, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha st., 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Rachael Peart
- Coasts and Oceans, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, 301 Evans Bay Pd, Greta Point, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand
| | - Jan Beermann
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven.,Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, Oldenburg
| | - Charles Oliver Coleman
- Museum fur Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut fur Evolutions- und Biodiversitatsforschung, Invalidenstra?e 43, 10115 Berlin
| | | | - Laure Corbari
- Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Institut de Systematique, Evolution, Biodiversite ISYEB - UMR 7205 -CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 26, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Havermans
- Marine Zoology, Bremen Marine Ecology (BreMarE), University of Bremen, PO Box 330440, 28334 Bremen, Germany.,Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven
| | - Ramiro Tato
- Estacion de Bioloxia Marina da Grana. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rua da Ribeira 1-4. A Grana. CP-15590. Ferrol. Galicia (Espana)
| | - Anali Jimenez Campean
- Laboratorio de Bentos Marino, Instituto del Mar del Peru, Esquina Gamarra y General Valle, S/N Chucuito, Callao, Peru
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Jażdżewska AM, Corbari L, Driskell A, Frutos I, Havermans C, Hendrycks E, Hughes L, Lörz AN, Bente Stransky, Tandberg AHS, Vader W, Brix S. A genetic fingerprint of Amphipoda from Icelandic waters - the baseline for further biodiversity and biogeography studies. Zookeys 2018; 731:55-73. [PMID: 29472762 PMCID: PMC5810104 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.731.19931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphipods constitute an abundant part of Icelandic deep-sea zoobenthos yet knowledge of the diversity of this fauna, particularly at the molecular level, is scarce. The present work aims to use molecular methods to investigate genetic variation of the Amphipoda sampled during two IceAGE collecting expeditions. The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) of 167 individuals originally assigned to 75 morphospecies was analysed. These targeted morhospecies were readily identifiable by experts using light microscopy and representative of families where there is current ongoing taxonomic research. The study resulted in 81 Barcode Identity Numbers (BINs) (of which >90% were published for the first time), while Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery revealed the existence of 78 to 83 Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs). Six nominal species (Rhachotropis helleri, Arrhis phyllonyx, Deflexilodes tenuirostratus, Paroediceros propinquus, Metopa boeckii, Astyra abyssi) appeared to have a molecular variation higher than the 0.03 threshold of both p-distance and K2P usually used for amphipod species delineation. Conversely, two Oedicerotidae regarded as separate morphospecies clustered together with divergences in the order of intraspecific variation. The incongruence between the BINs associated with presently identified species and the publicly available data of the same taxa was observed in case of Paramphithoe hystrix and Amphilochus manudens. The findings from this research project highlight the necessity of supporting molecular studies with thorough morphology species analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Jażdżewska
- Laboratory of Polar Biology and Oceanobiology, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha st., 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Laure Corbari
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle MNHN, UMR7205 ISyEB, 43, rue Cuvier, CP 26, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Amy Driskell
- Smithsonian Institution, Laboratories of Analytical Biology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA
| | - Inmaculada Frutos
- University of Hamburg, Centre of Natural History, Zoological Museum, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Havermans
- Marine Zoology, Bremen Marine Ecology (BreMarE), University of Bremen, PO Box 330440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven
| | - Ed Hendrycks
- Canadian Museum of Nature, Research and Collections, Station D, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Lauren Hughes
- National History Museum, London, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Nina Lörz
- University of Hamburg, Centre of Natural History, Zoological Museum, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bente Stransky
- University of Hamburg, Centre of Natural History, Zoological Museum, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Helene S. Tandberg
- University of Bergen, University Museum, Department of Natural History, PO Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Wim Vader
- Tromsø Museum, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Saskia Brix
- Senckenberg am Meer, Department for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), c/o Biocenter Grindel, CeNak: Zoological Museum, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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34
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Taylor ML, Roterman CN. Invertebrate population genetics across Earth's largest habitat: The deep-sea floor. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:4872-4896. [PMID: 28833857 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite the deep sea being the largest habitat on Earth, there are just 77 population genetic studies of invertebrates (115 species) inhabiting non-chemosynthetic ecosystems on the deep-sea floor (below 200 m depth). We review and synthesize the results of these papers. Studies reveal levels of genetic diversity comparable to shallow-water species. Generally, populations at similar depths were well connected over 100s-1,000s km, but studies that sampled across depth ranges reveal population structure at much smaller scales (100s-1,000s m) consistent with isolation by adaptation across environmental gradients, or the existence of physical barriers to connectivity with depth. Few studies were ocean-wide (under 4%), and 48% were Atlantic-focused. There is strong emphasis on megafauna and commercial species with research into meiofauna, "ecosystem engineers" and other ecologically important species lacking. Only nine papers account for ~50% of the planet's surface (depths below 3,500 m). Just two species were studied below 5,000 m, a quarter of Earth's seafloor. Most studies used single-locus mitochondrial genes revealing a common pattern of non-neutrality, consistent with demographic instability or selective sweeps; similar to deep-sea hydrothermal vent fauna. The absence of a clear difference between vent and non-vent could signify that demographic instability is common in the deep sea, or that selective sweeps render single-locus mitochondrial studies demographically uninformative. The number of population genetics studies to date is miniscule in relation to the size of the deep sea. The paucity of studies constrains meta-analyses where broad inferences about deep-sea ecology could be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Taylor
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C N Roterman
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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35
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Hauquier F, Leliaert F, Rigaux A, Derycke S, Vanreusel A. Distinct genetic differentiation and species diversification within two marine nematodes with different habitat preference in Antarctic sediments. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:120. [PMID: 28558672 PMCID: PMC5450352 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-0968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dispersal ability, population genetic structure and species divergence in marine nematodes are still poorly understood, especially in remote areas such as the Southern Ocean. We investigated genetic differentiation of species and populations of the free-living endobenthic nematode genera Sabatieria and Desmodora using nuclear 18S rDNA, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA, and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene sequences. Specimens were collected at continental shelf depths (200–500 m) near the Antarctic Peninsula, Scotia Arc and eastern side of the Weddell Sea. The two nematode genera co-occurred at all sampled locations, but with different vertical distribution in the sediment. A combination of phylogenetic (GMYC, Bayesian Inference, Maximum Likelihood) and population genetic (AMOVA) analyses were used for species delimitation and assessment of gene flow between sampling locations. Results Sequence analyses resulted in the delimitation of four divergent species lineages in Sabatieria, two of which could not be discriminated morphologically and most likely constitute cryptic species. Two species were recognised in Desmodora, one of which showed large intraspecific morphological variation. Both genera comprised species that were restricted to one side of the Weddell Sea and species that were widely spread across it. Population genetic structuring was highly significant and more pronounced in the deeper sediment-dwelling Sabatieria species, which are generally less prone to resuspension and passive dispersal in the water column than surface Desmodora species. Conclusions Our results indicate that gene flow is restricted at large geographic distance in the Southern Ocean, which casts doubt on the efficiency of the Weddell gyre and Antarctic Circumpolar Current in facilitating circum-Antarctic nematode species distributions. We also show that genetic structuring and cryptic speciation can be very different in nematode species isolated from the same geographic area, but with different habitat preferences (surface versus deeper sediment layers). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0968-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freija Hauquier
- Marine Biology Research Group, Biology Department, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Frederik Leliaert
- Marine Biology Research Group, Biology Department, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860, Meise, Belgium
| | - Annelien Rigaux
- Marine Biology Research Group, Biology Department, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Derycke
- Marine Biology Research Group, Biology Department, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Operational Directorate Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Rue Vautier 29, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ann Vanreusel
- Marine Biology Research Group, Biology Department, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Abele D, Vazquez S, Buma AGJ, Hernandez E, Quiroga C, Held C, Frickenhaus S, Harms L, Lopez JL, Helmke E, Mac Cormack WP. Pelagic and benthic communities of the Antarctic ecosystem of Potter Cove: Genomics and ecological implications. Mar Genomics 2017; 33:1-11. [PMID: 28479280 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Molecular technologies are more frequently applied in Antarctic ecosystem research and the growing amount of sequence-based information available in databases adds a new dimension to understanding the response of Antarctic organisms and communities to environmental change. We apply molecular techniques, including fingerprinting, and amplicon and metagenome sequencing, to understand biodiversity and phylogeography to resolve adaptive processes in an Antarctic coastal ecosystem from microbial to macrobenthic organisms and communities. Interpretation of the molecular data is not only achieved by their combination with classical methods (pigment analyses or microscopy), but furthermore by combining molecular with environmental data (e.g., sediment characteristics, biogeochemistry or oceanography) in space and over time. The studies form part of a long-term ecosystem investigation in Potter Cove on King-George Island, Antarctica, in which we follow the effects of rapid retreat of the local glacier on the cove ecosystem. We formulate and encourage new approaches to integrate molecular tools into Antarctic ecosystem research, environmental conservation actions, and polar ocean observatories.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Abele
- Dept. Biosciences, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27470 Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - S Vazquez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Junín 954, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A G J Buma
- Dept. Ocean Ecosystems, Energy and Sustainability Research Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E Hernandez
- Instituto Antártico Argentino (IAA), 25 de Mayo 1143, 1650 San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Quiroga
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Medicina y Parasitologia Medica (IMPaM), Paraguay 2155 P.12, 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Held
- Dept. Biosciences, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27470 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - S Frickenhaus
- Dept. Biosciences, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27470 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - L Harms
- Dept. Biosciences, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27470 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - J L Lopez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Catedra de Virologia, Junín 954, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Helmke
- Dept. Biosciences, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27470 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - W P Mac Cormack
- Instituto Antártico Argentino (IAA), 25 de Mayo 1143, 1650 San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Havermans C. Have we so far only seen the tip of the iceberg? Exploring species diversity and distribution of the giant amphipod Eurythenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14888386.2016.1172257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Havermans
- OD Nature, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
- Marine Zoology, BreMarE – Bremen Marine Ecology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Functional Ecology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
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Olsen GH, Coquillé N, Le Floch S, Geraudie P, Dussauze M, Lemaire P, Camus L. Sensitivity of the deep-sea amphipod Eurythenes gryllus to chemically dispersed oil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:6497-6505. [PMID: 26635217 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5869-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the context of an oil spill accident and the following oil spill response, much attention is given to the use of dispersants. Dispersants are used to disperse an oil slick from the sea surface into the water column generating a cloud of dispersed oil droplets. The main consequence is an increasing of the sea water-oil interface which induces an increase of the oil biodegradation. Hence, the use of dispersants can be effective in preventing oiling of sensitive coastal environments. Also, in case of an oil blowout from the seabed, subsea injection of dispersants may offer some benefits compared to containment and recovery of the oil or in situ burning operation at the sea surface. However, biological effects of dispersed oil are poorly understood for deep-sea species. Most effects studies on dispersed oil and also other oil-related compounds have been focusing on more shallow water species. This is the first approach to assess the sensitivity of a macro-benthic deep-sea organism to dispersed oil. This paper describes a toxicity test which was performed on the macro-benthic deep-sea amphipod (Eurythenes gryllus) to determine the concentration causing lethality to 50% of test individuals (LC50) after an exposure to dispersed Brut Arabian Light (BAL) oil. The LC50 (24 h) was 101 and 24 mg L(-1) after 72 h and 12 mg L(-1) at 96 h. Based on EPA scale of toxicity categories to aquatic organisms, an LC50 (96 h) of 12 mg L(-1) indicates that the dispersed oil was slightly to moderately toxic to E. gryllus. As an attempt to compare our results to others, a literature study was performed. Due to limited amount of data available for dispersed oil and amphipods, information on other crustacean species and other oil-related compounds was also collected. Only one study on dispersed oil and amphipods was found, the LC50 value in this study was similar to the LC50 value of E. gryllus in our study. Since toxicity data are important input to risk assessment and net environmental benefit analyses, and since such data are generally lacking on deep-sea species, the data set produced in this study is of interest to the industry, stakeholders, environmental management, and ecotoxicologists. However, studies including more deep-sea species covering different functional groups are needed to evaluate the sensitivity of the deep-sea compartments to dispersed oil relative to other environmental compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gro Harlaug Olsen
- Akvaplan-niva, High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, 9296, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Nathalie Coquillé
- Cedre, Centre de Documentation, de Recherche et d'Expérimentations sur les Pollutions Accidentelles des Eaux, 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41 836, Brest Cedex 2, France
| | - Stephane Le Floch
- Cedre, Centre de Documentation, de Recherche et d'Expérimentations sur les Pollutions Accidentelles des Eaux, 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41 836, Brest Cedex 2, France
| | - Perrine Geraudie
- Akvaplan-niva, High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, 9296, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Matthieu Dussauze
- Laboratoire ORPHY EA4324, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue le Gorgeu, CS 93 837, 29 238, Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Philippe Lemaire
- Total Fluides SAS, 24 cours Michelet-La Defense 10, 92069, Paris La Défense Cedex, France
| | - Lionel Camus
- Akvaplan-niva, High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, 9296, Tromsø, Norway
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Ritchie H, Jamieson AJ, Piertney SB. Isolation and Characterization of Microsatellite DNA Markers in the Deep-Sea Amphipod Paralicella tenuipes by Illumina MiSeq Sequencing. J Hered 2016; 107:367-71. [PMID: 27012615 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esw019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe the development of 16 polymorphic microsatellite markers using an Illumina MiSeq sequencing approach in the deep-sea amphipod Paralicella tenuipes A total of 25 577 844 DNA sequences were filtered for microsatellite motifs of which 197 873 sequences were identified. From these sequences, 64 had sufficient flanking regions for primer design and 16 of these loci were polymorphic. Between 5 and 30 alleles were detected per locus, with an average of 13.63 alleles per locus, across a total of 120 individuals from 5 separate deep sea trenches from the Pacific Ocean. For the 16 loci, observed and expected heterozygosity values ranged from 0.116 to 0.414 and 0.422 to 0.820, respectively, with one locus displaying significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The microsatellite loci that have been isolated and described here are the first molecular markers developed for deep sea amphipods and will be invaluable for elucidating the genetic population structure and the extent of connectivity between deep ocean trenches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Ritchie
- From the Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK (Ritchie and Piertney); and Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Newburgh, Aberdeenshire AB41 6AA, UK (Jamieson).
| | - Alan J Jamieson
- From the Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK (Ritchie and Piertney); and Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Newburgh, Aberdeenshire AB41 6AA, UK (Jamieson)
| | - Stuart B Piertney
- From the Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK (Ritchie and Piertney); and Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Newburgh, Aberdeenshire AB41 6AA, UK (Jamieson)
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Glover AG, Wiklund H, Rabone M, Amon DJ, Smith CR, O'Hara T, Mah CL, Dahlgren TG. Abyssal fauna of the UK-1 polymetallic nodule exploration claim, Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central Pacific Ocean: Echinodermata. Biodivers Data J 2016:e7251. [PMID: 26929713 PMCID: PMC4759440 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.4.e7251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We present data from a DNA taxonomy register of the abyssal benthic Echinodermata collected as part of the Abyssal Baseline (ABYSSLINE) environmental survey cruise ‘AB01’ to the UK Seabed Resources Ltd (UKSRL) polymetallic-nodule exploration claim ‘UK-1’ in the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ), central Pacific Ocean abyssal plain. Morphological and genetic data are presented for 17 species (4 Asteroidea, 4 Crinoidea, 2 Holothuroidea and 7 Ophiuroidea) identified by a combination of morphological and genetic data. No taxa matched previously published genetic sequences, but 8 taxa could be assigned to previously-described species based on morphology, although here we have used a precautionary approach in taxon assignments to avoid over-estimating species ranges. The Clarion-Clipperton Zone is a region undergoing intense exploration for potential deep-sea mineral extraction. We present these data to facilitate future taxonomic and environmental impact study by making both data and voucher materials available through curated and accessible biological collections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Diva J Amon
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, United States of America
| | - Craig R Smith
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, United States of America
| | | | - Christopher L Mah
- Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Washington, United States of America
| | - Thomas G Dahlgren
- Uni Research, Bergen, Norway; University of Gothenburg, Dep. Marine Sciences, Gothenburg, Sweden
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41
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Dueñas LF, Tracey DM, Crawford AJ, Wilke T, Alderslade P, Sánchez JA. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current as a diversification trigger for deep-sea octocorals. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:2. [PMID: 26727928 PMCID: PMC4700699 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0574-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antarctica is surrounded by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), the largest and strongest current in the world. Despite its potential importance for shaping biogeographical patterns, the distribution and connectivity of deep-sea populations across the ACC remain poorly understood. In this study we conducted the first assessment of phylogeographical patterns in deep-sea octocorals in the South Pacific and Southern Ocean, specifically a group of closely related bottlebrush octocorals (Primnoidae: Tokoprymno and Thourella), as a test case to study the effect of the ACC on the population structure of brooding species. We assessed the degree to which the ACC constitutes a barrier to gene flow between northern and southern populations and whether the onset of diversification of these corals coincides with the origin of the ACC (Oligocene-Miocene boundary). RESULTS Based on DNA sequences of two nuclear genes from 80 individuals and a combination of phylogeographic model-testing approaches we found a phylogenetic break corresponding to the spatial occurrence of the ACC. We also found significant genetic structure among our four regional populations. However, we uncovered shared haplotypes among certain population pairs, suggesting long-distance, asymmetrical migration. Our divergence time analyses indicated that the separation of amphi-ACC populations took place during the Middle Miocene around 12.6 million years ago, i.e., after the formation of the ACC. CONCLUSION We suggest that the ACC constitutes a semi-permeable barrier to these deep-sea octocorals capable of separating and structuring populations, while allowing short periods of gene flow. The fluctuations in latitudinal positioning of the ACC during the Miocene likely contributed to the diversification of these octocorals. Additionally, we provide evidence that the populations from each of our four sampling regions could actually constitute different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa F Dueñas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, A.A. 4976, Bogotá, Colombia.
- Department of Animal Ecology & Systematics, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Dianne M Tracey
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research-NIWA, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Andrew J Crawford
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, A.A. 4976, Bogotá, Colombia.
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092, Panama City, Republic of Panama.
| | - Thomas Wilke
- Department of Animal Ecology & Systematics, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Phil Alderslade
- CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, PO Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
| | - Juan A Sánchez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, A.A. 4976, Bogotá, Colombia.
- Department of Animal Ecology & Systematics, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
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Verheye ML, Martin P, Backeljau T, D'Udekem D'Acoz C. DNA analyses reveal abundant homoplasy in taxonomically important morphological characters of Eusiroidea (Crustacea, Amphipoda). ZOOL SCR 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie L. Verheye
- OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences; rue Vautier 29 B-1000 Brussels Belgium
| | - Patrick Martin
- OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences; rue Vautier 29 B-1000 Brussels Belgium
| | - Thierry Backeljau
- OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences; rue Vautier 29 B-1000 Brussels Belgium
| | - Cédric D'Udekem D'Acoz
- OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences; rue Vautier 29 B-1000 Brussels Belgium
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Georgieva MN, Wiklund H, Bell JB, Eilertsen MH, Mills RA, Little CTS, Glover AG. A chemosynthetic weed: the tubeworm Sclerolinum contortum is a bipolar, cosmopolitan species. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:280. [PMID: 26667806 PMCID: PMC4678467 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sclerolinum (Annelida: Siboglinidae) is a genus of small, wiry deep-sea tubeworms that depend on an endosymbiosis with chemosynthetic bacteria for their nutrition, notable for their ability to colonise a multitude of reducing environments. Since the early 2000s, a Sclerolinum population has been known to inhabit sediment-hosted hydrothermal vents within the Bransfield Strait, Southern Ocean, and whilst remaining undescribed, it has been suggested to play an important ecological role in this ecosystem. Here, we show that the Southern Ocean Sclerolinum population is not a new species, but more remarkably in fact belongs to the species S. contortum, first described from an Arctic mud volcano located nearly 16,000 km away. RESULTS Our new data coupled with existing genetic studies extend the range of this species across both polar oceans and the Gulf of Mexico. Our analyses show that the populations of this species are structured on a regional scale, with greater genetic differentiation occurring between rather than within populations. Further details of the external morphology and tube structure of S. contortum are revealed through confocal and SEM imaging, and the ecology of this worm is discussed. CONCLUSIONS These results shed further insight into the plasticity and adaptability of this siboglinid group to a range of reducing conditions, and into the levels of gene flow that occur between populations of the same species over a global extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena N Georgieva
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK.
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Helena Wiklund
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK.
| | - James B Bell
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK.
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Mari H Eilertsen
- Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Rachel A Mills
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | | | - Adrian G Glover
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK.
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Eilertsen MH, Malaquias MAE. Speciation in the dark: diversification and biogeography of the deep-sea gastropod genus Scaphander in the Atlantic Ocean. JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY 2015; 42:843-855. [PMID: 27524853 PMCID: PMC4964956 DOI: 10.1111/jbi.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this work was to improve understanding about the mode, geography and tempo of diversification in deep-sea organisms, using a time-calibrated molecular phylogeny of the heterobranch gastropod genus Scaphander. LOCATION Atlantic and Indo-West Pacific (IWP) oceans. METHODS Two mitochondrial gene markers (COI and 16S) and one nuclear ribosomal gene (28S) from six Atlantic species of Scaphander, and four IWP species were used to generate a multilocus phylogenetic hypothesis using uncorrelated relaxed-clock Bayesian methods implemented in beast and calibrated with the first occurrence of Scaphander in the fossil record (58.7-55.8 Ma). RESULTS Two main clades were supported: clade A, with sister relationships between species and subclades from the Atlantic and IWP; and clade B, with two western Atlantic sister species. Our estimates indicate that the two earliest divergences in clade A occurred between the middle Eocene and late Miocene and the most recent speciation occurred within the middle Miocene to Pleistocene. The divergence between the two western Atlantic species in clade B was estimated at late Oligocene-Pliocene. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The prevailing mode of speciation in Scaphander was allopatric, but one possible case of sympatric speciation was detected between two western Atlantic species. Sister relationships between IWP and Atlantic lineages suggest the occurrence both of vicariance events caused by the closure of the Tethyan Seaway and of dispersal between the two ocean basins, probably around South Africa during episodic disruptions of the deep-sea regional current system caused by glacial-interglacial cycles. Cladogenetic estimates do not support comparatively older diversification of deep-sea faunas, but corroborate the hypothesis of a pulse of diversification centred in the Oligocene and Miocene epochs. Amphi-Atlantic species were found to occur at deeper depths (bathyal-abyssal) and we hypothesize that trans-Atlantic connectivity is maintained by dispersal between neighbouring reproductive populations inhabiting the abyssal sea floor and by dispersal across the shelf and slope of Arctic and sub-Arctic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari H. Eilertsen
- Marine Biodiversity Research GroupDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Bergen5006BergenNorway
| | - Manuel António E. Malaquias
- Phylogenetic Systematics and Evolution Research GroupDepartment of Natural HistoryUniversity Museum of BergenUniversity of Bergen5020BergenNorway
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Janssen A, Kaiser S, Meißner K, Brenke N, Menot L, Martínez Arbizu P. A reverse taxonomic approach to assess macrofaunal distribution patterns in abyssal Pacific polymetallic nodule fields. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117790. [PMID: 25671322 PMCID: PMC4324633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heightened interest in the exploitation of deep seafloor minerals is raising questions on the consequences for the resident fauna. Assessing species ranges and determination of processes underlying current species distributions are prerequisites to conservation planning and predicting faunal responses to changing environmental conditions. The abyssal central Pacific nodule belt, located between the Clarion and Clipperton Fracture Zones (CCZ), is an area prospected for mining of polymetallic nodules. We examined variations in genetic diversity and broad-scale connectivity of isopods and polychaetes across the CCZ. Faunal assemblages were studied from two mining claims (the eastern German and French license areas) located 1300 km apart and influenced by different productivity regimes. Using a reverse taxonomy approach based on DNA barcoding, we tested to what extent distance and large-scale changes in environmental parameters lead to differentiation in two macrofaunal taxa exhibiting different functions and life-history patterns. A fragment of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit 1 (COI) was analyzed. At a 97% threshold the molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) corresponded well to morphological species. Molecular analyses indicated high local and regional diversity mostly because of large numbers of singletons in the samples. Consequently, variation in composition of genotypic clusters between sites was exceedingly large partly due to paucity of deep-sea sampling and faunal patchiness. A higher proportion of wide-ranging species in polychaetes was contrasted with mostly restricted distributions in isopods. Remarkably, several cryptic lineages appeared to be sympatric and occurred in taxa with putatively good dispersal abilities, whereas some brooding lineages revealed broad distributions across the CCZ. Geographic distance could explain variation in faunal connectivity between regions and sites to some extent, while assumed dispersal capabilities were not as important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Janssen
- Senckenberg am Meer, Deutsches Zentrum für Marine Biodiversitätsforschung, Südstrand 44, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kaiser
- Senckenberg am Meer, Deutsches Zentrum für Marine Biodiversitätsforschung, Südstrand 44, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Karin Meißner
- Senckenberg am Meer, Deutsches Zentrum für Marine Biodiversitätsforschung, Biozentrum Grindel, Martin-Luther-King Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nils Brenke
- Senckenberg am Meer, Deutsches Zentrum für Marine Biodiversitätsforschung, Südstrand 44, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Lenaick Menot
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l´Exploitation de la Mer, Centre de Brest BP 70, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Pedro Martínez Arbizu
- Senckenberg am Meer, Deutsches Zentrum für Marine Biodiversitätsforschung, Südstrand 44, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
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Pante E, Puillandre N, Viricel A, Arnaud-Haond S, Aurelle D, Castelin M, Chenuil A, Destombe C, Forcioli D, Valero M, Viard F, Samadi S. Species are hypotheses: avoid connectivity assessments based on pillars of sand. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:525-44. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Pante
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs); UMR 7266 CNRS - Université de La Rochelle; 2 rue Olympe de Gouges 17042 La Rochelle France
| | - Nicolas Puillandre
- ISYEB - UMR 7205 - CNRS, MNHN; UPMC (University Paris 06); EPHE - Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle; Sorbonne Universités; CP26, 57 rue Cuvier F-75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Amélia Viricel
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs); UMR 7266 CNRS - Université de La Rochelle; 2 rue Olympe de Gouges 17042 La Rochelle France
| | | | - Didier Aurelle
- Aix Marseille Université; CNRS, IRD; Avignon Université, IMBE UMR 7263; 13397 Marseille France
| | - Magalie Castelin
- Aquatic Animal Health Section; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Pacific Biological Station; 3190 Hammond Bay Road Nanaimo BC Canada V9T 6N7
| | - Anne Chenuil
- Aix Marseille Université; CNRS, IRD; Avignon Université, IMBE UMR 7263; 13397 Marseille France
| | - Christophe Destombe
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC; University Paris 06; Station Biologique de Roscoff F-29680 Roscoff France
- CNRS, Laboratory Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae; Sorbonne Universités; Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, UMI 3614, UPMC, PUCCh, UACh; Station Biologique de Roscoff F-29680 Roscoff France
| | - Didier Forcioli
- Faculté des Sciences; Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Equipe Symbiose Marine UMR 7138; Parc Valrose 06108 Nice Cedex 2 France
- UMR 7138 Evolution Paris Seine; Université Pierre et Marie Curie - CNRS; 7 Quai St Bernard 75252 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Myriam Valero
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC; University Paris 06; Station Biologique de Roscoff F-29680 Roscoff France
- CNRS, Laboratory Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae; Sorbonne Universités; Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06, UMI 3614, UPMC, PUCCh, UACh; Station Biologique de Roscoff F-29680 Roscoff France
| | - Frédérique Viard
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC; University Paris 06; Station Biologique de Roscoff F-29680 Roscoff France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Laboratory Adaptation and Diversity in the Marine Environment; Team Diversity and Connectivity in Coastal Marine Landscapes, UMR 7144; Station Biologique de Roscoff F-29680 Roscoff France
| | - Sarah Samadi
- ISYEB - UMR 7205 - CNRS, MNHN; UPMC (University Paris 06); EPHE - Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle; Sorbonne Universités; CP26, 57 rue Cuvier F-75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
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Douglass LL, Turner J, Grantham HS, Kaiser S, Constable A, Nicoll R, Raymond B, Post A, Brandt A, Beaver D. A hierarchical classification of benthic biodiversity and assessment of protected areas in the Southern Ocean. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100551. [PMID: 25032993 PMCID: PMC4102490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An international effort is underway to establish a representative system of marine protected areas (MPAs) in the Southern Ocean to help provide for the long-term conservation of marine biodiversity in the region. Important to this undertaking is knowledge of the distribution of benthic assemblages. Here, our aim is to identify the areas where benthic marine assemblages are likely to differ from each other in the Southern Ocean including near-shore Antarctica. We achieve this by using a hierarchical spatial classification of ecoregions, bathomes and environmental types. Ecoregions are defined according to available data on biogeographic patterns and environmental drivers on dispersal. Bathomes are identified according to depth strata defined by species distributions. Environmental types are uniquely classified according to the geomorphic features found within the bathomes in each ecoregion. We identified 23 ecoregions and nine bathomes. From a set of 28 types of geomorphic features of the seabed, 562 unique environmental types were classified for the Southern Ocean. We applied the environmental types as surrogates of different assemblages of biodiversity to assess the representativeness of existing MPAs. We found that 12 ecoregions are not represented in MPAs and that no ecoregion has their full range of environmental types represented in MPAs. Current MPA planning processes, if implemented, will substantially increase the representation of environmental types particularly within 8 ecoregions. To meet internationally agreed conservation goals, additional MPAs will be needed. To assist with this process, we identified 107 spatially restricted environmental types, which should be considered for inclusion in future MPAs. Detailed supplementary data including a spatial dataset are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda L. Douglass
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Conservation Geography, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Joel Turner
- Centre for Conservation Geography, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hedley S. Grantham
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Betty and Gordon Moore Centre for Science and Oceans, Conservation International, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Stefanie Kaiser
- Biocentre Grindel and Zoological Museum, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Andrew Constable
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment, Australian Government, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
- Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Rob Nicoll
- WWF Australia, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ben Raymond
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment, Australian Government, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
- Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Alexandra Post
- Marine and Coastal Environment Group, Geoscience Australia, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Angelika Brandt
- Biocentre Grindel and Zoological Museum, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Beaver
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Conservation Geography, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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