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Gunasekaran H, Sampath P, Thiruvengadam K, Malaisamy M, Ramasamy R, Ranganathan UD, Bethunaickan R. A systematic review and meta-analysis of circulating serum and plasma microRNAs in TB diagnosis. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:402. [PMID: 38622570 PMCID: PMC11017603 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) ranks as the second leading cause of death globally among all infectious diseases. This problem is likely due to the lack of biomarkers to differentiate the heterogeneous spectrum of infection. Therefore, the first step in solving this problem is to identify biomarkers to distinguish the different disease states of an individual and treat them accordingly. Circulating microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers are promising candidates for various diseases. In fact, we are yet to conceptualize how miRNA expression influences and predicts TB disease outcomes. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the diagnostic efficacy of circulating miRNAs in Latent TB (LTB) and Active Pulmonary TB (PTB). METHODS Literature published between 2012 and 2021 was retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar. Articles were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and their quality was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. Funnel plots and forest plots were generated to assess the likelihood of study bias and heterogeneity, respectively. RESULTS After the screening process, seven articles were selected for qualitative analysis. The study groups, which consisted of Healthy Control (HC) vs. TB and LTB vs. TB, exhibited an overall sensitivity of 81.9% (95% CI: 74.2, 87.7) and specificity of 68.3% (95% CI: 57.8, 77.2), respectively. However, our meta-analysis results highlighted two potentially valuable miRNA candidates, miR-197 and miR-144, for discriminating TB from HC. The miRNA signature model (miR197-3p, miR-let-7e-5p, and miR-223-3p) has also been shown to diagnose DR-TB with a sensitivity of 100%, but with a compromised specificity of only 75%. CONCLUSION miRNA biomarkers show a promising future for TB diagnostics. Further multicentre studies without biases are required to identify clinically valid biomarkers for different states of the TB disease spectrum. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42022302729).
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Affiliation(s)
- Harinisri Gunasekaran
- Department of Immunology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, No.1. Mayor Sathyamoorthy Road, 600 031, Chetpet, Chennai, India
- University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Pavithra Sampath
- Department of Immunology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, No.1. Mayor Sathyamoorthy Road, 600 031, Chetpet, Chennai, India
- University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Kannan Thiruvengadam
- Department of Epidemiology Statistics, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Muniyandi Malaisamy
- Department of Health Economics, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Rathinasabapati Ramasamy
- Library and Information Center, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Uma Devi Ranganathan
- Department of Immunology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, No.1. Mayor Sathyamoorthy Road, 600 031, Chetpet, Chennai, India
| | - Ramalingam Bethunaickan
- Department of Immunology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, No.1. Mayor Sathyamoorthy Road, 600 031, Chetpet, Chennai, India.
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Sahu S, Rao AR, Sahu TK, Pandey J, Varshney S, Kumar A, Gaikwad K. Predictive Role of Cluster Bean ( Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) Derived miRNAs in Human and Cattle Health. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:448. [PMID: 38674383 PMCID: PMC11049822 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding conserved molecules with lengths varying between 18-25nt. Plants miRNAs are very stable, and probably they might have been transferred across kingdoms via food intake. Such miRNAs are also called exogenous miRNAs, which regulate the gene expression in host organisms. The miRNAs present in the cluster bean, a drought tolerant legume crop having high commercial value, might have also played a regulatory role for the genes involved in nutrients synthesis or disease pathways in animals including humans due to dietary intake of plant parts of cluster beans. However, the predictive role of miRNAs of cluster beans for gene-disease association across kingdoms such as cattle and humans are not yet fully explored. Thus, the aim of the present study is to (i) find out the cluster bean miRNAs (cb-miRs) functionally similar to miRNAs of cattle and humans and predict their target genes' involvement in the occurrence of complex diseases, and (ii) identify the role of cb-miRs that are functionally non-similar to the miRNAs of cattle and humans and predict their targeted genes' association with complex diseases in host systems. Here, we predicted a total of 33 and 15 functionally similar cb-miRs (fs-cb-miRs) to human and cattle miRNAs, respectively. Further, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed the participation of targeted genes of fs-cb-miRs in 24 and 12 different pathways in humans and cattle, respectively. Few targeted genes in humans like LCP2, GABRA6, and MYH14 were predicted to be associated with disease pathways of Yesinia infection (hsa05135), neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction (hsa04080), and pathogenic Escherichia coli infection (hsa05130), respectively. However, targeted genes of fs-cb-miRs in humans like KLHL20, TNS1, and PAPD4 are associated with Alzheimer's, malignant tumor of the breast, and hepatitis C virus infection disease, respectively. Similarly, in cattle, targeted genes like ATG2B and DHRS11 of fs-cb-miRs participate in the pathways of Huntington disease and steroid biosynthesis, respectively. Additionally, the targeted genes like SURF4 and EDME2 of fs-cb-miRs are associated with mastitis and bovine osteoporosis, respectively. We also found a few cb-miRs that do not have functional similarity with human and cattle miRNAs but are found to target the genes in the host organisms and as well being associated with human and cattle diseases. Interestingly, a few genes such as NRM, PTPRE and SUZ12 were observed to be associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis, Asthma and Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma diseases, respectively, in humans and genes like SCNN1B associated with renal disease in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Sahu
- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, ICAR, New Delhi 110012, India; (S.S.); (J.P.); (S.V.)
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201303, India;
| | - Atmakuri Ramakrishna Rao
- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, ICAR, New Delhi 110012, India; (S.S.); (J.P.); (S.V.)
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Tanmaya Kumar Sahu
- Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, ICAR, Jhansi 284003, India;
| | - Jaya Pandey
- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, ICAR, New Delhi 110012, India; (S.S.); (J.P.); (S.V.)
| | - Shivangi Varshney
- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, ICAR, New Delhi 110012, India; (S.S.); (J.P.); (S.V.)
| | - Archna Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201303, India;
| | - Kishor Gaikwad
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, ICAR, New Delhi 110012, India;
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3
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Sun L, Ke M, Yin M, Zeng Y, Ji Y, Hu Y, Fu S, Zhang C. Extracellular vesicle-encapsulated microRNA-296-3p from cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes ovarian cancer development through regulation of the PTEN/AKT and SOCS6/STAT3 pathways. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:155-169. [PMID: 37972389 PMCID: PMC10823290 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), as important components of the tumor microenvironment, can regulate intercellular communication and tumor development by secreting extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, the role of CAF-derived EVs in ovarian cancer has not been fully elucidated. Here, using an EV-microRNA sequencing analysis, we reveal specific overexpression of microRNA (miR)-296-3p in activated CAF-derived EVs, which can be transferred to tumor cells to regulate the malignant phenotypes of ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, overexpression of miR-296-3p significantly promotes the proliferation, migration, invasion, and drug resistance of ovarian cancer cells in vitro, as well as tumor growth in vivo, while its inhibition has the opposite effects. Further mechanistic studies reveal that miR-296-3p promotes ovarian cancer progression by directly targeting PTEN and SOCS6 and activating AKT and STAT3 signaling pathways. Importantly, increased expression of miR-296-3p encapsulated in plasma EVs is closely correlated with tumorigenesis and chemoresistance in patients with ovarian cancer. Our results highlight the cancer-promoting role of CAF-derived EVs carrying miR-296-3p in ovarian cancer progression for the first time, and suggest that miR-296-3p encapsulated in CAF-derived EVs could be a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Sun
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
- Department of BiologyHainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Miaola Ke
- Department of Blood Transfusion, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Mengyuan Yin
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Ying Zeng
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Yutong Ji
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Yiming Hu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Songbin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of EducationHarbinChina
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of EducationHarbinChina
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Ban E, Lim HJ, Kwon H, Song EJ. Practical magnetic bead-based capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence for detecting endogenous miRNA in plasma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22809. [PMID: 38125489 PMCID: PMC10730592 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs crucial for gene regulation and implicated in various human diseases. Their potential as clinical prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers in biological fluids necessitates reliable detection methods. In this study, a combination of streptavidin-coupled magnetic beads and capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) was used to extract and analyze plasma miRNAs. Specifically, miRNAs hybridized with a biotinylated fluorescent DNA probe were isolated from plasma using magnetic beads. These hybridized miRNAs were then directly injected into the CE-LIF system for analysis, eliminating the need for additional processing steps. Both the hybridization and bead-to-probe binding were executed concurrently, regulated by temperature and time. Through the optimization of magnetic bead extraction and CE-LIF conditions, we developed a highly sensitive assay for miR-21 quantification in plasma. The assay displayed remarkable linearity (R2 = 0.9975) within a 0.1-5 pM range and exhibited favorable precision (0.22-1.26 %) and accuracy (98.31-111.19 %). Importantly, we successfully detected endogenous miR-21 in plasma samples from both a lung cancer patient and healthy adults, revealing a 1.7-fold overexpression of miR-21 in lung cancer plasma relative to normal samples. Our findings suggest that this developed system offers a simple and sensitive approach for detecting endogenous miRNAs in plasma, showing its potential utility in disease diagnostics. To our knowledge, this is the first study to utilize CE-LIF for plasma miRNA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haejin Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Song
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
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5
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Solomon MC, Chandrashekar C, Kulkarni S, Shetty N, Pandey A. Exosomes: Mediators of cellular communication in potentially malignant oral lesions and head and neck cancers. F1000Res 2023; 12:58. [PMID: 38059133 PMCID: PMC10696492 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.127368.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a unique type of extracellular vesicles that contain a plethora of biological cargo such as miRNA, mRNA, long non-coding RNA, DNA, proteins and lipids. Exosomes serve as very effective means of intercellular communication. Due the presence of a lipid bilayer membrane, exosomes are resistant to degradation and are highly stable. This makes them easily identifiable in blood and other bodily fluids such as saliva. The exosomes that are secreted from a parent cell directly release their contents into the cytoplasm of a recipient cell and influence their cellular activity and function. Exosomes can also transfer their content between cancer cells and normal cells and regulate the tumor microenvironment. Exosomes play a vital role in tumor growth, tumor invasion and metastasis. Exosomes provide a multitude of molecular and genetic information and have become valuable indicators of disease activity at the cellular level. This review explores the molecular characteristics of exosomes and the role that exosomes play in the tumorigenesis pathway of potentially malignant oral lesions and head and neck cancers The application of exosomes in the treatment of oral cancers is also envisioned. Exosomes are very small and can easily pass through various biological barriers, making them very good delivery vectors for therapeutic drugs as well as to selectively induce DNA's mRNA and miRNAs into targeted cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Charlotte Solomon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Chetana Chandrashekar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Spoorti Kulkarni
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Nisha Shetty
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Aditi Pandey
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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6
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Tscherrig V, Cottagnoud S, Haesler V, Renz P, Surbek D, Schoeberlein A, Joerger-Messerli MS. MicroRNA Cargo in Wharton's Jelly MSC Small Extracellular Vesicles: Key Functionality to In Vitro Prevention and Treatment of Premature White Matter Injury. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2447-2464. [PMID: 37523115 PMCID: PMC10579138 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth is the leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality and can result in white matter injury (WMI), leading to long-term neurological disabilities with global health burden. Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEV) are a promising therapeutic agent for treating perinatal neurological injury. They carry microRNAs (miRNAs) predicted to be involved in the onset of premature WMI. We hypothesize that miRNAs have a key function in the beneficial effects of MSC-sEV. We isolated MSC from umbilical cord tissue, the Wharton's jelly (WJ), and purified small extracellular vesicles (sEV) from WJ-MSC culture supernatant by ultracentrifugation and size exclusion chromatography. The miRNA content was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. A luciferase gene assay validated silencing of TP53 and TAOK1, which we previously identified as predicted target genes of MSC-sEV miRNAs by Next Generation Sequencing and pathway enrichment analysis. The impact of sEV miRNAs on oligodendroglial maturation and neuronal apoptosis was evaluated using an in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation model (OGD/R) by knocking-down DROSHA in WJ-MSC, which initiates miRNA processing. WJ-MSC-sEV contained miRNAs involved in WMI, namely hsa-miR-22-3p, hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-27b-3p, and the hsa-let-7 family. The luciferase assay strongly indicated an inhibitory effect of sEV miRNAs on the gene expression of TP53 and TAOK1. Small EV initiated oligodendrocyte maturation and reduced OGD/R-mediated neuronal apoptosis. Knocking-down DROSHA in WJ-MSC reduced the expression of sEV miRNAs and led to the loss of their beneficial effects. Our in vitro study strongly indicates the key function of miRNAs in the therapeutic potential of WJ-MSC-sEV in premature WMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Tscherrig
- Department of Obstetrics and Feto-maternal Medicine, University Women's Hospital, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Cottagnoud
- Department of Obstetrics and Feto-maternal Medicine, University Women's Hospital, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Haesler
- Department of Obstetrics and Feto-maternal Medicine, University Women's Hospital, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Renz
- Department of Obstetrics and Feto-maternal Medicine, University Women's Hospital, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Surbek
- Department of Obstetrics and Feto-maternal Medicine, University Women's Hospital, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreina Schoeberlein
- Department of Obstetrics and Feto-maternal Medicine, University Women's Hospital, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Simone Joerger-Messerli
- Department of Obstetrics and Feto-maternal Medicine, University Women's Hospital, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Morgunova A, Ibrahim P, Chen GG, Coury SM, Turecki G, Meaney MJ, Gifuni A, Gotlib IH, Nagy C, Ho TC, Flores C. Preparation and processing of dried blood spots for microRNA sequencing. Biol Methods Protoc 2023; 8:bpad020. [PMID: 37901452 PMCID: PMC10603595 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpad020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dried blood spots (DBS) are biological samples commonly collected from newborns and in geographic areas distanced from laboratory settings for the purposes of disease testing and identification. MicroRNAs (miRNAs)-small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene activity at the post-transcriptional level-are emerging as critical markers and mediators of disease, including cancer, infectious diseases, and mental disorders. This protocol describes optimized procedural steps for utilizing DBS as a reliable source of biological material for obtaining peripheral miRNA expression profiles. We outline key practices, such as the method of DBS rehydration that maximizes RNA extraction yield, and the use of degenerate oligonucleotide adapters to mitigate ligase-dependent biases that are associated with small RNA sequencing. The standardization of miRNA readout from DBS offers numerous benefits: cost-effectiveness in sample collection and processing, enhanced reliability and consistency of miRNA profiling, and minimal invasiveness that facilitates repeated testing and retention of participants. The use of DBS-based miRNA sequencing is a promising method to investigate disease mechanisms and to advance personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Morgunova
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Pascal Ibrahim
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Gary Gang Chen
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Saché M Coury
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore City 138632, Singapore
| | - Anthony Gifuni
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Ian H Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Corina Nagy
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Tiffany C Ho
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Cecilia Flores
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
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Chinnappan R, Ramadan Q, Zourob M. Isolation and Detection of Exosomal Mir210 Using Carbon Nanomaterial-Coated Magnetic Beads. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:441. [PMID: 37754855 PMCID: PMC10531929 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14090441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that are found in various cellular compartments and play an important role in regulating gene expression. Extracellular miRNAs, such as those found within extracellular vesicles such as exosomes are involved in cell-to-cell communication. The intercellular transfer of miRNAs has been implicated in various diseases' pathogenesis including cancer and has been studied extensively as potential cancer biomarkers. However, the extraction of miRNA from exosomes is still a challenging task. The current nucleic acid extraction assays are expensive and labor-intensive. In this study, we demonstrated a microfluidic device for aptamer-based magnetic separation of the exosomes and subsequent detection of the miRNA using a fluorescence switching assay, which was enabled by carbon nanomaterials coated on magnetic beads. In the OFF state, the fluorophore-labelled cDNA is quenched using carbon nanomaterials. However, when the target miRNA210 is introduced, the cDNA detaches from the bead's surface, which leads to an increase in the fluorescence intensity (ON state). This increment was found to be proportional to miRNA concentration within the dynamic range of 0-100 nM with a detection limit of 5 pM. The assay was validated with spiked miRNA using the standard RT-PCR method. No notable cross-reactivity with other closely related miRNAs was observed. The developed method can be utilized for the minimally invasive detection of cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qasem Ramadan
- Department of Chemistry, Alfaisal University, Al Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Al Takhassusi Rd, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Zourob
- Department of Chemistry, Alfaisal University, Al Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Al Takhassusi Rd, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia;
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Wyse BA, Salehi R, Russell SJ, Sangaralingam M, Jahangiri S, Tsang BK, Librach CL. Obesity and PCOS radically alters the snRNA composition of follicular fluid extracellular vesicles. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1205385. [PMID: 37404312 PMCID: PMC10315679 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1205385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The ovarian follicle consists of the oocyte, somatic cells, and follicular fluid (FF). Proper signalling between these compartments is required for optimal folliculogenesis. The association between polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and extracellular vesicular small non-coding RNAs (snRNAs) signatures in follicular fluid (FF) and how this relates to adiposity is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether FF extracellular vesicle (FFEV)-derived snRNAs are differentially expressed (DE) between PCOS and non-PCOS subjects; and if these differences are vesicle-specific and/or adiposity-dependent. Methods FF and granulosa cells (GC) were collected from 35 patients matched by demographic and stimulation parameters. FFEVs were isolated and snRNA libraries were constructed, sequenced, and analyzed. Results miRNAs were the most abundant biotype present, with specific enrichment in exosomes (EX), whereas in GCs long non-coding RNAs were the most abundant biotype. In obese PCOS vs. lean PCOS, pathway analysis revealed target genes involved in cell survival and apoptosis, leukocyte differentiation and migration, JAK/STAT, and MAPK signalling. In obese PCOS FFEVs were selectively enriched (FFEVs vs. GCs) for miRNAs targeting p53 signalling, cell survival and apoptosis, FOXO, Hippo, TNF, and MAPK signalling. Discussion We provide comprehensive profiling of snRNAs in FFEVs and GCs of PCOS and non-PCOS patients, highlighting the effect of adiposity on these findings. We hypothesize that the selective packaging and release of miRNAs specifically targeting anti-apoptotic genes into the FF may be an attempt by the follicle to reduce the apoptotic pressure of the GCs and stave off premature apoptosis of the follicle observed in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon A. Wyse
- Research Department, CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Reza Salehi
- Research Department, CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology & Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Sahar Jahangiri
- Research Department, CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- CReATe Biobank, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin K. Tsang
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology & Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Clifford L. Librach
- Research Department, CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- CReATe Biobank, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Biological Sciences, DAN Women & Babies Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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10
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Jahromi FNA, Dowran R, Jafari R. Recent advances in the roles of exosomal microRNAs (exomiRs) in hematologic neoplasms: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:88. [PMID: 37127640 PMCID: PMC10152632 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In clinical diagnosis, the capability of exosomes to serve as biomarkers is one of the most important biological functions of exosomes. The superior stability of exosome biomarkers makes them superior to those isolated from traditional samples such as serum and urine. Almost all body fluids contain exosomes, which contain proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Several molecular components of exosomes, including exosome proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs), are promising diagnostic biomarkers. These exosomes may carry genetic information by containing messenger RNA (mRNA) and miRNA. The miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate protein-coding genes by acting as translational repressors. It has been shown that miRNAs are mis-expressed in a range of conditions, including hematologic neoplasms. Additionally, miRNAs found within exosomes have been linked with specific diseases, including hematologic neoplasms. Numerous studies suggest that circulating exosomes contain miRNAs similar to those found in parental cancer cells. Exosomes contain miRNAs that are released by almost all kinds of cells. MiRNAs are packaged into exosomes and delivered to recipient cells, and manipulate its function. It has been recognized that exosomes are new therapeutic targets for immunotherapy and biomedicine of cancers. The current review discusses the current evidence around exosomal miRNAs involved in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of hematologic neoplasms. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faride Nam Avar Jahromi
- Department of Hematology, School of Paramedical, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Razieh Dowran
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Jafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, P.O. BoX: 1138, Shafa St., Ershad Blvd., 57147, Urmia, Iran.
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11
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Mokhtari K, Peymani M, Rashidi M, Hushmandi K, Ghaedi K, Taheriazam A, Hashemi M. Colon cancer transcriptome. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 180-181:49-82. [PMID: 37059270 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the last four decades, methodological innovations have continuously changed transcriptome profiling. It is now feasible to sequence and quantify the transcriptional outputs of individual cells or thousands of samples using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). These transcriptomes serve as a connection between cellular behaviors and their underlying molecular mechanisms, such as mutations. This relationship, in the context of cancer, provides a chance to unravel tumor complexity and heterogeneity and uncover novel biomarkers or treatment options. Since colon cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies, its prognosis and diagnosis seem to be critical. The transcriptome technology is developing for an earlier and more accurate diagnosis of cancer which can provide better protectivity and prognostic utility to medical teams and patients. A transcriptome is a whole set of expressed coding and non-coding RNAs in an individual or cell population. The cancer transcriptome includes RNA-based changes. The combined genome and transcriptome of a patient may provide a comprehensive picture of their cancer, and this information is beginning to affect treatment decision-making in real-time. A full assessment of the transcriptome of colon (colorectal) cancer has been assessed in this review paper based on risk factors such as age, obesity, gender, alcohol use, race, and also different stages of cancer, as well as non-coding RNAs like circRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and siRNAs. Similarly, they have been examined independently in the transcriptome study of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatere Mokhtari
- Department of Modern Biology, ACECR Institute of Higher Education (Isfahan Branch), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 4815733971, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 4815733971, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Wang X, Shepherd S, Li N, Che C, Song T, Xiong Y, Palm IR, Zhao B, Kohli M, Demirci U, Lu Y, Cunningham BT. A Target Recycling Amplification Process for the Digital Detection of Exosomal MicroRNAs through Photonic Resonator Absorption Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217932. [PMID: 36622783 PMCID: PMC10073263 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) have considerable potential as pivotal biomarkers to monitor cancer development, dis-ease progression, treatment effects and prognosis. Here, we report an efficient target recycling amplification process (TRAP) for the digital detection of miRNAs using photonic resonator absorption microscopy. We achieve multiplex digital detection with sub-attomolar sensitivity in 20 minutes, robust selectivity for single nucleotide variants, and a broad dynamic range from 1 aM to 1 pM. Compared with traditional qRT-PCR, TRAP showed similar accuracy in profiling exosomal miRNAs derived from cancer cells, but also exhibited at least 31-fold and 61-fold enhancement in the limits of miRNA-375 and miRNA-21 detection, respectively. The TRAP approach is ideal for exosomal or circulating miRNA biomarker quantification, where the miRNAs are present in low concentrations or sample volume, with potentials for frequent, low-cost, and minimally invasive point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wang
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Skye Shepherd
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Nantao Li
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Congnyu Che
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Tingjie Song
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Yanyu Xiong
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Isabella Rose Palm
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Manish Kohli
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 12902, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Brian T. Cunningham
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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13
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Song D, Wang F, Ju Y, He Q, Sun T, Deng W, Ding R, Zhang C, Xu Q, Qi C, Bao J. Application and development of noninvasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer screening: a systematic review. Int J Surg 2023; 109:925-935. [PMID: 36974713 PMCID: PMC10389553 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death (9.4% of the 9.9 million cancer deaths). However, CRC develops slowly, and early detection and intervention can effectively improve the survival rate and quality of life. Although colonoscopy can detect and diagnose CRC, it is unsuitable for CRC screening in average-risk populations. Some commercial kits based on DNA mutation or methylation are approved for screening, but the low sensitivity for advanced adenoma or early-stage CRC would limit the applications. MAIN RESULTS Recently, researchers have focused on developing noninvasive or minimally invasive, easily accessible biomarkers with higher sensitivity and accuracy for CRC screening. Numerous reports describe advances in biomarkers, including DNA mutations and methylation, mRNA and miRNA, gut microbes, and metabolites, as well as low-throughput multiomics panels. In small cohorts, the specificity and sensitivity improved when fecal immunochemical testing combined with other biomarkers; further verification in large cohorts is expected. In addition, the continuous improvement of laboratory technology has also improved the sensitivity of detection technology, such as PCR, and the application of CRISPR/Cas technology. Besides, artificial intelligence has extensively promoted the mining of biomarkers. Machine learning was performed to construct a diagnosis model for CRC screening based on the cfDNA fragment features from whole-genome sequencing data. In another study, multiomics markers, including cfDNA, epigenetic, and protein signals, were also discovered by machine learning. Finally, advancements in sensor technology promote the applicability of volatile organic compounds in CRC early detection. CONCLUSION Here, the authors review advances in early detection and screening of CRC based on different biomarker types. Most studies reported optimistic findings based on preliminary research, and prospective clinical studies are ongoing. These promising biomarkers are expected to more accurately identify early-stage patients with CRC and be applied in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fei Wang
- The Medical Department, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co. Ltd, Nanjing Simcere Medical Laboratory Science Co. Ltd, The State Key Lab of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co. Ltd, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yongzhi Ju
- The Medical Department, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co. Ltd, Nanjing Simcere Medical Laboratory Science Co. Ltd, The State Key Lab of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co. Ltd, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qianru He
- The Medical Department, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co. Ltd, Nanjing Simcere Medical Laboratory Science Co. Ltd, The State Key Lab of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co. Ltd, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- The Medical Department, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co. Ltd, Nanjing Simcere Medical Laboratory Science Co. Ltd, The State Key Lab of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co. Ltd, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wanglong Deng
- The Medical Department, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co. Ltd, Nanjing Simcere Medical Laboratory Science Co. Ltd, The State Key Lab of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co. Ltd, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ran Ding
- The Medical Department, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co. Ltd, Nanjing Simcere Medical Laboratory Science Co. Ltd, The State Key Lab of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co. Ltd, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- The Medical Department, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co. Ltd, Nanjing Simcere Medical Laboratory Science Co. Ltd, The State Key Lab of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co. Ltd, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qing Xu
- The Medical Department, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co. Ltd, Nanjing Simcere Medical Laboratory Science Co. Ltd, The State Key Lab of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co. Ltd, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chuang Qi
- The Medical Department, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co. Ltd, Nanjing Simcere Medical Laboratory Science Co. Ltd, The State Key Lab of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co. Ltd, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Bao
- Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting
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14
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Mestry C, Ashavaid TF, Shah SA. Key methodological challenges in detecting circulating miRNAs in different biofluids. Ann Clin Biochem 2023; 60:14-26. [PMID: 36113172 DOI: 10.1177/00045632221129778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The technological advancement in diagnostic techniques has immensely improved the capability of predicting disease progression. Yet, there is a great interest in developing newer biomarkers that can enhance disease risk prediction thereby minimising the associated morbidity and mortality. Circulating miRNAs, a non-coding RNA molecule, are critical regulators in the pathophysiology of various complex multifactorial diseases. In recent years, circulating miRNAs have been enormously studied and are considered as an emerging biomarker due to their easy accessibility, stability, and detection by sequence-specific amplification methods. However, there is a distinct lack of consensus regarding the preanalytical factors such as preferred sample selection, methodological aspects, etc that may independently or together influence the detection of circulating miRNAs resulting in erroneous expression profiles. Therefore, the present review makes an attempt to highlight the various pre-analytical and analytical factors that can potentially influence the circulating miRNA levels. Literature on circulating miRNA's stability, processing and quantitation in different biofluids along with the effect of various controllable and uncontrollable factors influencing circulating miRNA expression have been summarised in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Mestry
- Research Laboratories, 29537P. D. Hinduja Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mahim, India
| | - Tester F Ashavaid
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, P. D. Hinduja Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mahim, India
| | - Swarup Av Shah
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, P. D. Hinduja Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mahim, India
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15
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Venkatesan G, Wan Ab Rahman WS, Shahidan WNS, Iberahim S, Muhd Besari@Hashim AB. Plasma-derived exosomal miRNA as potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of vector-borne diseases: A review. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1097173. [PMID: 37125151 PMCID: PMC10133507 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1097173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Early disease diagnosis is critical for better management and treatment outcome of patients. Therefore, diagnostic methods should ideally be accurate, consistent, easy to perform at low cost and preferably non-invasive. In recent years, various biomarkers have been studied for the detection of cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, infectious diseases, diabetes mellitus and malignancies. Exosomal microRNA (miRNA) are small non-coding RNA molecules that influence gene expression after transcription. Previous studies have shown that these types of miRNAs can potentially be used as biomarkers for cancers of the breast and colon, as well as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. It may also be used to indicate viral and bacterial infections, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis and hepatitis. However, its use in the diagnosis of vector-borne diseases is rather limited. Therefore, this review aims to introduce several miRNAs derived from exosomal plasma that may potentially serve as a disease biomarker due to the body's immune response, with special focus on the early detection of vector-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wan Suriana Wan Ab Rahman
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Wan Suriana Wan Ab Rahman,
| | | | - Salfarina Iberahim
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Alwi bin Muhd Besari@Hashim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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16
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Onukwugha NE, Kang YT, Nagrath S. Emerging micro-nanotechnologies for extracellular vesicles in immuno-oncology: from target specific isolations to immunomodulation. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3314-3339. [PMID: 35980234 PMCID: PMC9474625 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00232a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been hypothesized to incorporate a variety of crucial roles ranging from intercellular communication to tumor pathogenesis to cancer immunotherapy capabilities. Traditional EV isolation and characterization techniques cannot accurately and with specificity isolate subgroups of EVs, such as tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) and immune-cell derived EVs, and are plagued with burdensome steps. To address these pivotal issues, multiplex microfluidic EV isolation/characterization and on-chip EV engineering may be imperative towards developing the next-generation EV-based immunotherapeutics. Henceforth, our aim is to expound the state of the art in EV isolation/characterization techniques and their limitations. Additionally, we seek to elucidate current work on total analytical system based technologies for simultaneous isolation and characterization and to summarize the immunogenic capabilities of EV subgroups, both innate and adaptive. In this review, we discuss recent state-of-art microfluidic/micro-nanotechnology based EV screening methods and EV engineering methods towards therapeutic use of EVs in immune-oncology. By venturing in this field of EV screening and immunotherapies, it is envisioned that transition into clinical settings can become less convoluted for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nna-Emeka Onukwugha
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biointerface Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC B10-A184, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Yoon-Tae Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biointerface Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC B10-A184, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Sunitha Nagrath
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biointerface Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, NCRC B10-A184, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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17
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Kupec T, Bleilevens A, Iborra S, Najjari L, Wittenborn J, Maurer J, Stickeler E. Stability of circulating microRNAs in serum. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268958. [PMID: 36044434 PMCID: PMC9432728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a strong body of evidence by several translational studies which demonstrate the potential of circulating miRNAs as a potential biomarker in oncology. However, recent reports documented varying stability of these small RNA molecules in serum samples. The aim of our pilot study was to evaluate the stability of miRNAs in serum in relation to food intake and sample storage. Serum miRNA expression levels of 16 different miRNAs from 8 healthy volunteers were quantified by real-time PCR. 4 samples from each donor were analysed—2 samples (fasting, in the morning and after food intake, at noon) were analysed within 24h and 2 samples (fasting and after food intake, at noon) were stored at -80°C for 14 days and subsequently analysed. Student´s t-test was used to determine significant differences. The detectability of the distinct miRNA as a surrogate for the stability of these small RNA molecules was slightly altered by the storage conditions, but only a miRNA 22-3p, out of the analysed 16 miRNAs, shows significant lower dCq expression (3.821 vs. 4.530; p<0,01) by qPCR dependent on storage conditions (-80°C vs. 4°C). However, miRNA levels were not affected by food intake. The difference between samples taken in the morning (fasting) and at noon (after a normal meal) did not show any significant differences. MiRNAs can be considered to be a relatively stable tool in laboratory diagnostics, but clearly every new assay needs thorough evaluation. The stability of miRNAs documented here in healthy volunteers shows their potential in the search for innovative biomarkers in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Kupec
- Clinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Andreas Bleilevens
- Clinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Séverine Iborra
- Clinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Laila Najjari
- Clinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Wittenborn
- Clinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Maurer
- Clinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elmar Stickeler
- Clinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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18
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Takizawa S, Matsuzaki J, Ochiya T. Circulating microRNAs: Challenges with their use as liquid biopsy biomarkers. Cancer Biomark 2022; 35:1-9. [PMID: 35786647 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Circulating microRNA (miRNA) is a major focus in liquid biopsy studies. The circulating levels of certain miRNAs have been suggested to reflect specific physiological conditions, and several studies have reported their potential use as biomarkers for the detection and prognosis of cancer, as well as for predicting responses to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Alongside these biomarker studies, research into the effects of specific background factors on circulating miRNA levels is progressing. Indeed, several studies have shown that a number of factors, including blood sample collection and processing methods, as well as subject-specific factors such as age, sex, and other physiological conditions, can affect the normal levels of circulating miRNAs. Unfortunately, the evidence supporting these effects is not yet strong enough to support a definite conclusion and further research is warranted. Here, we summarize the findings of several studies that have addressed these concerns and identify important topics that should be considered when analyzing circulating miRNA levels in liquid biopsy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Takizawa
- New Projects Development Division, Toray Industries, Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Juntaro Matsuzaki
- Division of Pharmacotherapeutics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Sivanantham A, Jin Y. Impact of Storage Conditions on EV Integrity/Surface Markers and Cargos. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050697. [PMID: 35629364 PMCID: PMC9146501 DOI: 10.3390/life12050697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small biological particles released into biofluids by every cell. Based on their size, they are classified into small EVs (<100 nm or <200 nm) and medium or large EVs (>200 nm). In recent years, EVs have garnered interest for their potential medical applications, including disease diagnosis, cell-based biotherapies, targeted drug delivery systems, and others. Currently, the long-term and short-term storage temperatures for biofluids and EVs are −80 °C and 4 °C, respectively. The storage capacity of EVs can depend on their number, size, function, temperature, duration, and freeze−thaw cycles. While these parameters are increasingly studied, the effects of preservation and storage conditions of EVs on their integrity remain to be understood. Knowledge gaps in these areas may ultimately impede the widespread applicability of EVs. Therefore, this review summarizes the current knowledge on the effect of storage conditions on EVs and their stability and critically explores prospective ways for improving long-term storage conditions to ensure EV stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Jin
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-358-1356
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20
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Butz H. Circulating Noncoding RNAs in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors-Two Sides of the Same Coin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095122. [PMID: 35563510 PMCID: PMC9101693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET) are common intracranial neoplasms. While in case of hormone secreting tumors pituitary hormone measurements can be used for monitoring the disease, in non-functional tumors there is a need to discover non-invasive biomarkers. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are popular biomarker candidates due to their stability and tissue specificity. Among ncRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs have been investigated the most in pituitary tumor tissues and in circulation. However, it is still not known whether ncRNAs are originated from the pituitary, or whether they are casually involved in the pathophysiology. Additionally, there is strong diversity among different studies reporting ncRNAs in PitNET. Therefore, to provide an overview of the discrepancies between published studies and to uncover the reasons why despite encouraging experimental data application of ncRNAs in clinical routine has not yet taken hold, in this review available data are summarized on circulating ncRNAs in PitNET. The data on circulating miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs are organized according to different PitNET subtypes. Biological (physiological and pathophysiological) factors behind intra- and interindividual variability and technical aspects of detecting these markers, including preanalytical and analytical parameters, sample acquisition (venipuncture) and type, storage, nucleic acid extraction, quantification and normalization, which reveal the two sides of the same coin are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriett Butz
- Hereditary Tumours Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary
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21
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Chen H, Luo Y, Lin M, Peng X, Liu M, Wang Y, Li S, Yang D, Yang Z. Serum exosomal
miR
‐16‐5p functions as a tumor inhibitor and a new biomarker for
PD‐L1
inhibitor‐dependent immunotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma by regulating
PD‐L1
expression. Cancer Med 2022; 11:2627-2643. [PMID: 35347894 PMCID: PMC9249988 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed at investigating whether serum exosomal miR‐16‐5p could be utilized as an immunotherapy biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients administered by programmed cell death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) inhibitors, and to evaluate its functions in LUAD progression. Methods Sixty LUAD sufferers and 20 healthy controls (HCs) were covered in this work. We applied both IHC and WB to examine PD‐L1 level in clinical tissue samples and utilized WB to quantify PD‐L1 expression in LUAD cells and LUAD xenograft tissues, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), WB, and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) were executed to confirm the exosomes isolated from serum specimens and cell culture media. To quantify of exosomal miR‐16‐5p level from serum and culture medium of cultured cell, qRT‐PCR experiment was utilized. The connection between tissue PD‐L1 level and serum exosomal miR‐16‐5p expression in PD‐L1‐positive sufferers administered by PD‐L1 inhibitors was verified using Spearman correlation coefficient analysis. In addition, the overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) rates among PD‐L1 inhibitor managed sufferers were acquired through a follow‐up visit. Finally, we used a group of assays, including 5‐bromo‐2′‐dexoyuridine (BrdU) and colony formation test, wound healing experiment, flow cytometry, and nude mice xenograft experiment, to explore the functions of circulating exosomal miR‐16‐5p on LUAD cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration, as well as tumor development, respectively. Results PD‐L1 expression was positively related to T stage (tumor size stage), and PD‐L1 inhibitor treatment reduced the PD‐L1 expression and mitigated T stage in PD‐L1‐positive LUAD sufferers. For PD‐L1‐positive LUAD sufferers, elevated PD‐L1 expression or reduced serum exosomal miR‐16‐5p level were linked to longer PFS and OS upon PD‐L1 inhibitor treatment. The number of exosomes in patient's serum was more than that in the serum of healthy individuals, and PD‐L1 inhibitor treatment decreased the number of serum‐derived exosomes in PD‐L1‐positive LUAD sufferers. Exosome‐derived miR‐16‐5p was downregulated in patient's serum and cell culture medium, and this was negatively linked to tumor stage and PD‐L1 expression. Meanwhile, PD‐L1 inhibitor treatment could increase the serum exosomal miR‐16‐5p expression, and the expression change of serum exosomal miR‐16‐5p was diametrically related to PD‐L1 after the treatment. Moreover, the overexpression of PD‐L1 accelerated tumor growth and decreased the exosomal miR‐16‐5p content in cell culture media, while exosomal miR‐16‐5p overexpression in cell culture media inhibited tumor development by decreasing the PD‐L1 expression. Exosomal miR‐16‐5p overexpression in cell culture media also depressed LUAD cell proliferation and migration, and stimulated cell apoptosis, especially in the cells which cultured in the mediums with PD‐L1 inhibitor in vitro. Conclusions Serum exosomal miR‐16‐5p may be a latent tumor inhibitor and a new biomarker for PD‐L1 inhibitor‐dependent immunotherapy in LUAD by regulating the PD‐L1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua‐Lin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang China
| | - Yi‐Ping Luo
- Department of Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang China
| | - Mu‐Wen Lin
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang China
| | - Xiao‐Xia Peng
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang China
| | - Mei‐Liang Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang China
| | - Yong‐Cun Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang China
| | - Shu‐Jun Li
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang China
| | - Dong‐Hong Yang
- Department of Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang China
| | - Zhi‐Xiong Yang
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang China
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22
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Emerging precision diagnostics in advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. NPJ Precis Oncol 2022; 6:17. [PMID: 35322182 PMCID: PMC8943023 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-022-00261-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) encompasses unresectable and metastatic disease. Although immune checkpoint inhibition has been approved for this entity recently, a considerable proportion of cases is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Clinical, histopathological, and radiological criteria are used for current diagnostics, classification, and therapeutic decision-making. The identification of complex molecular biomarkers to accurately stratify patients is a not yet accomplished requirement to further shift current diagnostics and care to a personalized precision medicine. This article highlights new insights into the mutational profile of cSCC, summarizes current diagnostic and therapeutic standards, and discusses emerging diagnostic approaches with emphasis on liquid biopsy and tumor tissue-based analyses.
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23
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Zhang L, Zhang J, Qin Z, Liu N, Zhang Z, Lu Y, Xu Y, Zhang J, Tang J. Diagnostic and Predictive Values of Circulating Extracellular Vesicle-Carried microRNAs in Ischemic Heart Disease Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:813310. [PMID: 35295267 PMCID: PMC8918773 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.813310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease patients with diabetes mellitus (IHD-DM) have a higher risk of cardiovascular events than those without DM. Rapid identification of IHD-DM can enable early access to medical treatment and reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular adverse events. In the present study, we identified and examined extracellular vesicle (EV)-carried microRNAs (miRNAs) as the possible diagnostic biomarkers of IHD-DM. Small RNA sequencing was performed to analyze the EV-carried miRNAs spectrum, and differentially expressed miRNAs were further confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Through small RNA sequencing, we identified 138 differentially expressed EV-carried miRNAs between IHD-DM patients and healthy controls. Furthermore, we identified that five EV-carried miRNAs (miR-15a-3p, miR-18a-5p, miR-133a-3p, miR-155-5p, and miR-210-3p) were significantly down-regulated and one (miR-19a-3p) was significantly up-regulated in the IHD-DM patients compared to healthy controls. The receiver–operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the above six EV-carried miRNAs have excellent diagnostic efficacy of IHD-DM. Our findings indicated that the circulating EV-miRNAs might be promising biomarkers for the convenient and rapid diagnosis of IHD-DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianchao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zenglei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongzheng Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
- Jinying Zhang
| | - Junnan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Junnan Tang
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Dichev V, Mehterov N, Kazakova M, Karalilova R, Batalov A, Sarafian V. The lncRNAs/miR-30e/CHI3L1 Axis Is Dysregulated in Systemic Sclerosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:496. [PMID: 35203705 PMCID: PMC8962397 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease with completely undefined etiology and treatment difficulties. The expression of both protein coding and non-coding RNAs is dysregulated during disease development. We aimed to examine a possible regulatory axis implemented in the control of chitinase-3 like protein 1 (CHI3L1) or YKL-40, an inflammation-associated glycoprotein, shown to be elevated in SSc. A panel of seven miRNAs and three lncRNAs potentially involved in the control of CHI3L1 were selected on the basis of in silico analysis. TagMan assay was used to evaluate the expression levels of miRNAs and RT-qPCR for lncRNAs in white blood cells (WBCs) and plasma from SSc patients and healthy controls. Among the eight screened miRNAs, miR-30e-5p (p = 0.04) and miR-30a-5p (p = 0.01) were significantly downregulated in WBCs and plasma of SSc patients, respectively. On the contrary, the expression of the metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) (p = 0.044) and the Nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) (p = 0.008) in WBCs was upregulated compared to the controls. Increased levels of MALAT1 and NEAT1 could be associated with the downregulation of miR-30e-5p and miR-30a-5p expression in WBCs and plasma. We present novel data on the involvement of a possible regulatory axis lncRNAs/miR-30e/CHI3L1 in SSc and hypothesize that MALAT1 and NEAT1 could act as miR-30e-5p and miR-30a-5p decoys. This may be a reason for the increased serum levels of CHI3L1 in SSc patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Dichev
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Blvd. 15A Vasil Aprilov, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.D.); (M.K.); (V.S.)
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, Blvd. 15A Vasil Aprilov, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolay Mehterov
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Blvd. 15A Vasil Aprilov, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.D.); (M.K.); (V.S.)
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, Blvd. 15A Vasil Aprilov, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Kazakova
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Blvd. 15A Vasil Aprilov, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.D.); (M.K.); (V.S.)
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, Blvd. 15A Vasil Aprilov, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Rositsa Karalilova
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Medical University-Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Blvd. 15A, 4001 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (R.K.); (A.B.)
- Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital “Kaspela”, 64 Sofia Str., 4001 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Anastas Batalov
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Medical University-Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Blvd. 15A, 4001 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (R.K.); (A.B.)
- Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital “Kaspela”, 64 Sofia Str., 4001 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Blvd. 15A Vasil Aprilov, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.D.); (M.K.); (V.S.)
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, Blvd. 15A Vasil Aprilov, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Meza CA, Amador M, McAinch AJ, Begum K, Roy S, Bajpeyi S. Eight weeks of combined exercise training do not alter circulating microRNAs-29a, -133a, -133b, and -155 in young, healthy men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:921-933. [PMID: 35015112 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04886-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Individuals with a family history of type 2 diabetes (FH +) have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated as biomarkers of type 2 diabetes risk. Here, we investigated if four circulating miRNAs related to glucose metabolism were altered in men with a FH + and we conducted a preliminary analysis to determine if miRNA expressions were responsive to 8 weeks of combined exercise training. METHODS Sixteen young healthy men (mean ± SD; age 22.5 ± 2.5; BMI 26.4 ± 4.0) with FH + or without a family history of type 2 diabetes (FH -) underweight 8 weeks of combined endurance and resistance exercise training (n = 8 FH -; n = 8 FH +). The expression of miR-29a, miR-133a, miR-133b, and miR-155 were measured in serum before and after exercise training. QIAGEN's Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis was used to examine miRNA target genes and their involvement in glucose metabolism signaling pathways. RESULTS There were no differences in miRNA expressions between FH - and FH + . Exercise training did not alter miRNA expressions in either FH - or FH + despite improvements in insulin sensitivity, aerobic capacity, and muscular strength. miR-29a and miR-155 were inversely related to fasting glucose, and miR-133a and miR-133b were negatively correlated with glucose tolerance; however, correlations were not observed with insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS The circulating miRNAs- miR-29a, miR-133a, miR-133b, and miR-155 are related to measures of glucose metabolism in healthy, normoglycemic men, but do not reflect peripheral insulin sensitivity or improvements in metabolic health following 8 weeks of combined exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar A Meza
- Metabolic, Nutrition and Exercise Research (MiNER) Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA
| | - Manuel Amador
- Metabolic, Nutrition and Exercise Research (MiNER) Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA
| | - Andrew J McAinch
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, St. Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Khodeza Begum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA
| | - Sourav Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA
| | - Sudip Bajpeyi
- Metabolic, Nutrition and Exercise Research (MiNER) Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA.
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Circulating microRNA miR-137 as a stable biomarker for methamphetamine abstinence. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:831-840. [PMID: 35138425 PMCID: PMC8891205 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stimulant use instigates abstinence syndrome in humans. miRNAs are a critical component for the pathophysiology of stimulant abstinence. Here we sought to identify a miRNA marker of methamphetamine abstinence in the circulating extracellular vesicles (cEVs). METHODS miR-137 in the cEVs was quantified by qPCR in thirty-seven patients under methamphetamine abstinence and thirty-five age-matched healthy controls recruited from 2014 to 2016 from the general adult population in a hospital setting, Seoul, South Korea. Diagnostic power was evaluated by area under curve in the receiver-operating characteristics curve and other multiple statistical parameters. RESULTS Patients under methamphetamine abstinence exhibited a significant reduction in cEV miR-137. Overall, cEV miR-137 had high potential as a blood-based marker of methamphetamine abstinence. cEV miR-137 retained the diagnostic power irrespective of the duration of methamphetamine abstinence or methamphetamine use. Interestingly, cEV miR-137 interacted with age: Control participants displayed an aging-dependent reduction of cEV miR-137, while methamphetamine-abstinent patients showed an aging-dependent increase in cEV miR-137. Accordingly, cEV miR-137 had variable diagnostic power depending on age, in which cEV miR-137 more effectively discriminated methamphetamine abstinence in the younger population. Duration of methamphetamine use or abstinence, cigarette smoking status, depressive disorder, or antidepressant treatment did not interact with the methamphetamine abstinence-induced reduction of cEV miR-137. CONCLUSION Our data collectively demonstrated that miR-137 in the circulating extracellular vesicles held high potential as a stable and accurate diagnostic marker of methamphetamine abstinence syndrome.
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27
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Segovia-Zafra A, Di Zeo-Sánchez DE, López-Gómez C, Pérez-Valdés Z, García-Fuentes E, Andrade RJ, Lucena MI, Villanueva-Paz M. Preclinical models of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (iDILI): Moving towards prediction. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3685-3726. [PMID: 35024301 PMCID: PMC8727925 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (iDILI) encompasses the unexpected harms that prescription and non-prescription drugs, herbal and dietary supplements can cause to the liver. iDILI remains a major public health problem and a major cause of drug attrition. Given the lack of biomarkers for iDILI prediction, diagnosis and prognosis, searching new models to predict and study mechanisms of iDILI is necessary. One of the major limitations of iDILI preclinical assessment has been the lack of correlation between the markers of hepatotoxicity in animal toxicological studies and clinically significant iDILI. Thus, major advances in the understanding of iDILI susceptibility and pathogenesis have come from the study of well-phenotyped iDILI patients. However, there are many gaps for explaining all the complexity of iDILI susceptibility and mechanisms. Therefore, there is a need to optimize preclinical human in vitro models to reduce the risk of iDILI during drug development. Here, the current experimental models and the future directions in iDILI modelling are thoroughly discussed, focusing on the human cellular models available to study the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease and the most used in vivo animal iDILI models. We also comment about in silico approaches and the increasing relevance of patient-derived cellular models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Segovia-Zafra
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Daniel E. Di Zeo-Sánchez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Gómez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga 29010, Spain
| | - Zeus Pérez-Valdés
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Fuentes
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga 29010, Spain
| | - Raúl J. Andrade
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - M. Isabel Lucena
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Platform ISCIII de Ensayos Clínicos, UICEC-IBIMA, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Marina Villanueva-Paz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
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Schofield AL, Brown JP, Brown J, Wilczynska A, Bell C, Glaab WE, Hackl M, Howell L, Lee S, Dear JW, Remes M, Reeves P, Zhang E, Allmer J, Norris A, Falciani F, Takeshita LY, Seyed Forootan S, Sutton R, Park BK, Goldring C. Systems analysis of miRNA biomarkers to inform drug safety. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3475-3495. [PMID: 34510227 PMCID: PMC8492583 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are short non-coding RNA molecules which have been shown to be dysregulated and released into the extracellular milieu as a result of many drug and non-drug-induced pathologies in different organ systems. Consequently, circulating miRs have been proposed as useful biomarkers of many disease states, including drug-induced tissue injury. miRs have shown potential to support or even replace the existing traditional biomarkers of drug-induced toxicity in terms of sensitivity and specificity, and there is some evidence for their improved diagnostic and prognostic value. However, several pre-analytical and analytical challenges, mainly associated with assay standardization, require solutions before circulating miRs can be successfully translated into the clinic. This review will consider the value and potential for the use of circulating miRs in drug-safety assessment and describe a systems approach to the analysis of the miRNAome in the discovery setting, as well as highlighting standardization issues that at this stage prevent their clinical use as biomarkers. Highlighting these challenges will hopefully drive future research into finding appropriate solutions, and eventually circulating miRs may be translated to the clinic where their undoubted biomarker potential can be used to benefit patients in rapid, easy to use, point-of-care test systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Schofield
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Joseph P Brown
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Jack Brown
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Ania Wilczynska
- bit.bio, Babraham Research Campus, The Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Cambridge, CB22 3FH, UK
| | - Catherine Bell
- CVRM Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Warren E Glaab
- Merck & Co., Inc, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA, 19486, USA
| | | | - Lawrence Howell
- GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Stevenage, Greater Cambridge Area, UK
| | - Stephen Lee
- ABHI, 1 Duchess St, 4th Floor, Suite 2, London, W1W 6AN, UK
| | - James W Dear
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Mika Remes
- Genomics EMEA, QIAGEN Aarhus, Prismet, Silkeborgvej 2, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Paul Reeves
- Arcis Biotechnology Limited, Suite S07, Techspace One, Sci-tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Warrington, WA4 4AB, UK
| | - Eunice Zhang
- Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Jens Allmer
- Applied Bioinformatics, Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alan Norris
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Francesco Falciani
- Computational Biology Facility, MerseyBio, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Louise Y Takeshita
- Computational Biology Facility, MerseyBio, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Shiva Seyed Forootan
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Robert Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
| | - B Kevin Park
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Chris Goldring
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK.
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Sriram H, Khanka T, Kedia S, Tyagi P, Ghogale S, Deshpande N, Chatterjee G, Rajpal S, Patkar NV, Subramanian PG, Gujral S, Hasan S, Tembhare PR. Improved protocol for plasma microRNA extraction and comparison of commercial kits. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2021; 31:030705. [PMID: 34658646 PMCID: PMC8495618 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2021.030705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNA molecules that are becoming popular biomarkers in several diseases. However, their low abundance in serum/plasma poses a challenge in exploiting their potential in clinics. Several commercial kits are available for rapid isolation of microRNA from plasma. However, reports guiding the selection of appropriate kits to study downstream assays are scarce. Hence, we compared four commercial kits to evaluate microRNA-extraction from plasma and provided a modified protocol that further improved the superior kit's performance. Materials and methods We compared four kits (miRNeasy Serum/Plasma, miRNeasy Mini Kit from Qiagen; RNA-isolation, and Absolutely-RNA MicroRNA Kit from Agilent technologies) for quality and quantity of microRNA isolated, extraction efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Bioanalyzer-based Agilent Small RNA kit was used to evaluate quality and quantity of microRNA. Extraction efficiency was evaluated by detection of four endogenous control microRNA using real-time-PCR. Further, we modified the manufacturer's protocol for miRNeasy Serum/Plasma kit to improve yield. Results miRNeasy Serum/Plasma kit outperformed the other three kits in microRNA-quality (P < 0.005) and yielded maximum microRNA-quantity. Recovery of endogenous control microRNA i.e. hsa-miR-24-3p, hsa-miR-191-5p, hsa-miR-423-5p and hsa-miR-484 was higher as well. Modification with the inclusion of a double elution step enhanced yield of microRNA extracted with miRNeasy Serum/Plasma kit significantly (P < 0.001). Conclusion We demonstrated that miRNeasy Serum/Plasma kit outperforms other kits and can be reliably used with a limited plasma quantity. We have provided a modified microRNA-extraction protocol with improved microRNA output for downstream analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshini Sriram
- Hematopathology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Twinkle Khanka
- Hematopathology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Shweta Kedia
- Hematopathology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Priyanka Tyagi
- Hematopathology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sitaram Ghogale
- Hematopathology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Nilesh Deshpande
- Hematopathology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Gaurav Chatterjee
- Hematopathology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sweta Rajpal
- Hematopathology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Nikhil V Patkar
- Hematopathology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Papagudi G Subramanian
- Hematopathology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sumeet Gujral
- Hematopathology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Syed Hasan
- Hasan Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Prashant R Tembhare
- Hematopathology Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
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Durán-Vinet B, Araya-Castro K, Calderón J, Vergara L, Weber H, Retamales J, Araya-Castro P, Leal-Rojas P. CRISPR/Cas13-Based Platforms for a Potential Next-Generation Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer through Exosomes Micro-RNA Detection: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4640. [PMID: 34572866 PMCID: PMC8466426 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer with the second highest mortality rate worldwide. CRC is a heterogenous disease with multiple risk factors associated, including obesity, smoking, and use of alcohol. Of total CRC cases, 60% are diagnosed in late stages, where survival can drop to about 10%. CRC screening programs are based primarily on colonoscopy, yet this approach is invasive and has low patient adherence. Therefore, there is a strong incentive for developing molecular-based methods that are minimally invasive and have higher patient adherence. Recent reports have highlighted the importance of extracellular vesicles (EVs), specifically exosomes, as intercellular communication vehicles with a broad cargo, including micro-RNAs (miRNAs). These have been syndicated as robust candidates for diagnosis, primarily for their known activities in cancer cells, including immunoevasion, tumor progression, and angiogenesis, whereas miRNAs are dysregulated by cancer cells and delivered by cancer-derived exosomes (CEx). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has shown good results detecting specific cancer-derived exosome micro-RNAs (CEx-miRNAs) associated with CRC, but qPCR also has several challenges, including portability and sensitivity/specificity issues regarding experiment design and sample quality. CRISPR/Cas-based platforms have been presented as cost-effective, ultrasensitive, specific, and robust clinical detection tools in the presence of potential inhibitors and capable of delivering quantitative and qualitative real-time data for enhanced decision-making to healthcare teams. Thereby, CRISPR/Cas13-based technologies have become a potential strategy for early CRC diagnosis detecting CEx-miRNAs. Moreover, CRISPR/Cas13-based platforms' ease of use, scalability, and portability also showcase them as a potential point-of-care (POC) technology for CRC early diagnosis. This study presents two potential CRISPR/Cas13-based methodologies with a proposed panel consisting of four CEx-miRNAs, including miR-126, miR-1290, miR-23a, and miR-940, to streamline novel applications which may deliver a potential early diagnosis and prognosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamín Durán-Vinet
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (B.D.-V.); (K.A.-C.); (H.W.)
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT), Biomedicine and Translational Research Laboratory, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
| | - Karla Araya-Castro
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (B.D.-V.); (K.A.-C.); (H.W.)
- Innovation and Entrepreneurship Institute (iDEAUFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Juan Calderón
- Center for Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Institute of Science and Innovation in Medicine (ICIM), Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
| | - Luis Vergara
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT), Biomedicine and Translational Research Laboratory, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
- Doctoral Program in Cell and Applied Molecular Biology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Helga Weber
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (B.D.-V.); (K.A.-C.); (H.W.)
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT), Biomedicine and Translational Research Laboratory, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
| | - Javier Retamales
- Chilean Cooperative Group for Oncologic Research (GOCCHI), Santiago 8320000, Chile;
| | - Paulina Araya-Castro
- School of Medicine, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
| | - Pamela Leal-Rojas
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (B.D.-V.); (K.A.-C.); (H.W.)
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT), Biomedicine and Translational Research Laboratory, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
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Circulating exosomal miRNAs and cancer early diagnosis. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 24:393-406. [PMID: 34524618 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are small non-coding ribonucleic acids (ncRNAs), which can affect recognition of homologous sequences and interfere with transcription. It plays key roles in the initiation, development, resistance, metastasis or recurrence of cancers. Identifying circulatory indicators will positively improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients with early cancer. Previous studies have shown that miRNA is highly involved in cancer. In addition, miRNA derived from cancers can be encapsulated as exosomes and further extracted into circulatory systems to realize malignant functions. It indicates that circulating exosome-derived miRNAs have the potential to replace conventional biomarkers as cancer derived exosomes carrying miRNAs can be identified by specific markers and might be more stable and accurate for early diagnosis.
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MicroRNAs sequencing of plasma exosomes derived from patients with atrial fibrillation: miR-124-3p promotes cardiac fibroblast activation and proliferation by regulating AXIN1. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 78:85-98. [PMID: 34495485 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00842-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). Exosomal miRNAs may develop as promising biomarkers for AF. To explore significant exosomal miRNAs in AF, plasma exosomes were extracted from 3 patients with AF and 3 patients with sinus rhythm (SR), respectively. Differential expression of exosomal miRNAs were screened by high-throughput sequencing analysis and verified by qRT-PCR from 40 patients with AF and 40 patients with SR. The target genes prediction, biological function, and signaling pathways analysis were conducted by miRanda software, gene ontology (GO), and KEGG analysis. The results showed that there were 40 differently expressed exosomal miRNAs from AF patients compared with SR patients, of which 13 miRNAs were upregulated and 27 miRNAs were downregulated. qRT-PCR validation demonstrated that miR-124-3p, miR-378d, miR-2110, and miR-3180-3p were remarkably upregulated, while miR-223-5p, miR-574-3p, miR-125a-3p, and miR-1299 were downregulated. To explore the function of miR-124-3p associated with AF, plasma exosomes derived from AF patients were co-incubated with rat myocardial fibroblasts. The expression of miR-124-3p was upregulated in myocardial fibroblasts. The viability and proliferation of myocardial fibroblasts were elevated by transfecting with miR-124-3p overexpression plasmids using CCK8 and immunofluorescence-staining methods. AXIN1 was verified to be the target of miR-124-3p by luciferase assay in vitro. Expression of AXIN1 was reduced, while β-catenin, Collagen 1, and α-SMA were increased in myocardial fibroblasts with miR-124-3p overexpression. In conclusion, these findings suggested that circulating exosomal miRNAs may serve as novel biomarkers for AF, and miR-124-3p promotes fibroblast activation and proliferation through regulating WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway via AXIN1.
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Maleki M, Golchin A, Javadi S, Khelghati N, Morovat P, Asemi Z, Alemi F, Vaghari-Tabari M, Yousefi B, Majidinia M. Role of exosomal miRNA in chemotherapy resistance of Colorectal cancer: A systematic review. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 101:1096-1112. [PMID: 34480511 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The third most common malignancy has been identified as Colorectal cancer (CRC) that conducive to death in most cases. Chemoresistance is a common obstacle to CRC treatment. Circulating exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to reverse chemo-resistance and are promising biomarkers for CRC. The capacity of engineered exosomes to cross biological barriers and deliver functional miRNAs could be used to achieve these proposes. The object of this review is the investigation of the role of exosomal miRNA in the chemo-resistance, diagnosis, and prognosis of CRC. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, electronic databases, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus were searched from January 1990 to November 2020. Ultimately, eight articles included five in vitro (16 cell lines) and three in vivo examinations. Three studies demonstrated that increasing or decreasing mRNA expression was associated with increasing and decreasing cell proliferation in vitro. The presence of miRNA in two studies increased the sensitivity of the drug and exhibited a considerable growth inhibitory effect on cancer cell proliferation. The apoptotic rate was significantly increased in four studies by increased mRNA expression and reduced mrna expression. Tumor volume of xenograft models in three studies suppressed by antitumor miRNA activity. In contrast, anti-miRNA activity in one study decreased the tumor volume. Exosomal miRNAs can be regulators of chemo-resistance and predict adverse outcomes in CRC patients. In sum, exosomes containing miRNAs can be a promising biomarker for the prognosis and diagnosis of CRC. Subsequent research should be a focus on delineating the function of exosomal miRNA before clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masomeh Maleki
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student's Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Asal Golchin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Samira Javadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Khelghati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Pejman Morovat
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Forough Alemi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Myklebust MP, Thor A, Rosenlund B, Gjengstø P, Karlsdottir Á, Brydøy M, Bercea BS, Olsen C, Johnson I, Berg MI, Langberg CW, Andreassen KE, Kjellman A, Haugnes HS, Dahl O. Serum miR371 in testicular germ cell cancer before and after orchiectomy, assessed by digital-droplet PCR in a prospective study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15582. [PMID: 34341387 PMCID: PMC8329070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94812-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-371a-3p (miR371) has been suggested as a sensitive biomarker in testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC). We aimed to compare miR371 with the classical biomarkers α-fetoprotein (AFP) and β-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCGβ). Overall, 180 patients were prospectively enrolled in the study, with serum samples collected before and after orchiectomy. We compared the use of digital droplet PCR (RT-ddPCR) with the quantitative PCR used by others for detection of miR371. The novel RT-ddPCR protocol showed high performance in detection of miR371 in serum samples. In the study cohort, miR371 was measured using RT-ddPCR. MiR371 detected CS1 of the seminoma and the non-seminoma sub-types with a sensitivity of 87% and 89%, respectively. The total sensitivity was 89%. After orchiectomy, miR371 levels declined in 154 of 159 TGCC cases. The ratio of miR371 pre- and post-orchiectomy was 20.5 in CS1 compared to 6.5 in systemic disease. AFP and hCGβ had sensitivities of 52% and 51% in the non-seminomas. MiR371 is a sensitive marker that performs better than the classical markers in all sub-types and clinical stages. Especially for the seminomas CS1, the high sensitivity of miR371 in detecting TGCC cells may have clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Pernille Myklebust
- Mohn Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 91B, 5021, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Anna Thor
- Department of Urology and CLINTEC Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benedikte Rosenlund
- Mohn Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 91B, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Peder Gjengstø
- Department of Urology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ása Karlsdottir
- Mohn Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 91B, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marianne Brydøy
- Mohn Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 91B, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Christian Olsen
- Mohn Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 91B, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ida Johnson
- Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mathilde I Berg
- Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Anders Kjellman
- Department of Urology and CLINTEC Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hege S Haugnes
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, UIT-The Arctic University, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Olav Dahl
- Mohn Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 91B, 5021, Bergen, Norway
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Pidíková P, Herichová I. miRNA Clusters with Up-Regulated Expression in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122979. [PMID: 34198662 PMCID: PMC8232258 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As miRNAs show the capacity to be used as CRC biomarkers, we analysed experimentally validated data about frequently up-regulated miRNA clusters in CRC tissue. We identified 15 clusters that showed increased expression in CRC: miR-106a/363, miR-106b/93/25, miR-17/92a-1, miR-181a-1/181b-1, miR-181a-2/181b-2, miR-181c/181d, miR-183/96/182, miR-191/425, miR-200c/141, miR-203a/203b, miR-222/221, mir-23a/27a/24-2, mir-29b-1/29a, mir-301b/130b and mir-452/224. Cluster positions in the genome are intronic or intergenic. Most clusters are regulated by several transcription factors, and by long non-coding RNAs. In some cases, co-expression of miRNA with other cluster members or host gene has been proven. miRNA expression patterns in cancer tissue, blood and faeces were compared. The members of the selected clusters target 181 genes. Their functions and corresponding pathways were revealed with the use of Panther analysis. Clusters miR-17/92a-1, miR-106a/363, miR-106b/93/25 and miR-183/96/182 showed the strongest association with metastasis occurrence and poor patient survival, implicating them as the most promising targets of translational research. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in Europe and North America. Early diagnosis is a key feature of efficient CRC treatment. As miRNAs can be used as CRC biomarkers, the aim of the present study was to analyse experimentally validated data on frequently up-regulated miRNA clusters in CRC tissue and investigate their members with respect to clinicopathological characteristics of patients. Based on available data, 15 up-regulated clusters, miR-106a/363, miR-106b/93/25, miR-17/92a-1, miR-181a-1/181b-1, miR-181a-2/181b-2, miR-181c/181d, miR-183/96/182, miR-191/425, miR-200c/141, miR-203a/203b, miR-222/221, mir-23a/27a/24-2, mir-29b-1/29a, mir-301b/130b and mir-452/224, were selected. The positions of such clusters in the genome can be intronic or intergenic. Most clusters are regulated by several transcription factors, and miRNAs are also sponged by specific long non-coding RNAs. In some cases, co-expression of miRNA with other cluster members or host gene has been proven. miRNA expression patterns in cancer tissue, blood and faeces were compared. Based on experimental evidence, 181 target genes of selected clusters were identified. Panther analysis was used to reveal the functions of the target genes and their corresponding pathways. Clusters miR-17/92a-1, miR-106a/363, miR-106b/93/25 and miR-183/96/182 showed the strongest association with metastasis occurrence and poor patient survival, implicating them as the most promising targets of translational research.
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Kabzinski J, Maczynska M, Majsterek I. MicroRNA as a Novel Biomarker in the Diagnosis of Head and Neck Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:844. [PMID: 34198889 PMCID: PMC8228566 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, with 890,000 new cases and 450,000 deaths in 2018, and although the survival statistics for some patient groups are improving, there is still an urgent need to find a fast and reliable biomarker that allows early diagnosis. This niche can be filled by microRNA, small single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules, which are expressed in response to specific events in the body. This article presents the potential use of microRNAs in the diagnosis of HNSCC, compares the advances in this field to other diseases, especially other cancers, and discusses the detailed use of miRNA as a biomarker in profiling and predicting the treatment outcome with radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Potential problems and difficulties related to the development of this promising technology, and areas on which future research should be focused in order to overcome these difficulties, were also indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, al. Kościuszki 4, 90-419 Łódź, Poland; (J.K.); (M.M.)
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Chorley BN, Atabakhsh E, Doran G, Gautier JC, Ellinger-Ziegelbauer H, Jackson D, Sharapova T, Yuen PST, Church RJ, Couttet P, Froetschl R, McDuffie J, Martinez V, Pande P, Peel L, Rafferty C, Simutis FJ, Harrill AH. Methodological considerations for measuring biofluid-based microRNA biomarkers. Crit Rev Toxicol 2021; 51:264-282. [PMID: 34038674 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2021.1907530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA that regulate the expression of messenger RNA and are implicated in almost all cellular processes. Importantly, miRNAs can be released extracellularly and are stable in these matrices where they may serve as indicators of organ or cell-specific toxicity, disease, and biological status. There has thus been great enthusiasm for developing miRNAs as biomarkers of adverse outcomes for scientific, regulatory, and clinical purposes. Despite advances in measurement capabilities for miRNAs, miRNAs are still not routinely employed as noninvasive biomarkers. This is in part due to the lack of standard approaches for sample preparation and miRNA measurement and uncertainty in their biological interpretation. Members of the microRNA Biomarkers Workgroup within the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute's (HESI) Committee on Emerging Systems Toxicology for the Assessment of Risk (eSTAR) are a consortium of private- and public-sector scientists dedicated to developing miRNAs as applied biomarkers. Here, we explore major impediments to routine acceptance and use of miRNA biomarkers and case examples of successes and deficiencies in development. Finally, we provide insight on miRNA measurement, collection, and analysis tools to provide solid footing for addressing knowledge gaps toward routine biomarker use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian N Chorley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - David Jackson
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - Peter S T Yuen
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rachel J Church
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lauren Peel
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Alison H Harrill
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Clinical Identification of Dysregulated Circulating microRNAs and Their Implication in Drug Response in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) by Target Gene Network and Meta-Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040549. [PMID: 33918859 PMCID: PMC8068962 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to therapy is a persistent problem that leads to mortality in breast cancer, particularly triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). MiRNAs have become a focus of investigation as tissue-specific regulators of gene networks related to drug resistance. Circulating miRNAs are readily accessible non-invasive potential biomarkers for TNBC diagnosis, prognosis, and drug-response. Our aim was to use systems biology, meta-analysis, and network approaches to delineate the drug resistance pathways and clinical outcomes associated with circulating miRNAs in TNBC patients. MiRNA expression analysis was used to investigate differentially regulated circulating miRNAs in TNBC patients, and integrated pathway regulation, gene ontology, and pharmacogenomic network analyses were used to identify target genes, miRNAs, and drug interaction networks. Herein, we identified significant differentially expressed circulating miRNAs in TNBC patients (miR-19a/b-3p, miR-25-3p, miR-22-3p, miR-210-3p, miR-93-5p, and miR-199a-3p) that regulate several molecular pathways (PAM (PI3K/Akt/mTOR), HIF-1, TNF, FoxO, Wnt, and JAK/STAT, PD-1/PD-L1 pathways and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance (TKIs)) involved in drug resistance. Through meta-analysis, we demonstrated an association of upregulated miR-93, miR-210, miR-19a, and miR-19b with poor overall survival outcomes in TNBC patients. These results identify miRNA-regulated mechanisms of drug resistance and potential targets for combination with chemotherapy to overcome drug resistance in TNBC. We demonstrate that integrated analysis of multi-dimensional data can unravel mechanisms of drug-resistance related to circulating miRNAs, particularly in TNBC. These circulating miRNAs may be useful as markers of drug response and resistance in the guidance of personalized medicine for TNBC.
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Umbaugh DS, Jaeschke H. Biomarkers of drug-induced liver injury: a mechanistic perspective through acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 15:363-375. [PMID: 33242385 PMCID: PMC8026489 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2021.1857238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Liver injury induced by drugs is a serious clinical problem. Many circulating biomarkers for identifying and predicting drug-induced liver injury (DILI) have been proposed.Areas covered: Biomarkers are mainly predicated on the mechanistic understanding of the underlying DILI, often in the context of acetaminophen overdose. New panels of biomarkers have emerged that are related to recovery/regeneration rather than injury following DILI. We explore the clinical relevance and limitations of these new biomarkers including recent controversies. Extracellular vesicles have also emerged as a promising vector of biomarkers, although the biological role for EVs may limit their clinical usefulness. New technological approaches for biomarker discovery are also explored.Expert opinion: Recent clinical studies have validated the efficacy of some of these new biomarkers, cytokeratin-18, macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor, and osteopontin for DILI prognosis. Low prevalence of DILI is an inherent limitation to DILI biomarker development. Furthering mechanistic understanding of DILI and leveraging technological advances (e.g. machine learning/omics) is necessary to improve upon the newest generation of biomarkers. The integration of omics approaches with machine learning has led to novel insights in cancer research and DILI research is poised to leverage these technologies for biomarker discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Umbaugh
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
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Villanueva-Paz M, Morán L, López-Alcántara N, Freixo C, Andrade RJ, Lucena MI, Cubero FJ. Oxidative Stress in Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI): From Mechanisms to Biomarkers for Use in Clinical Practice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:390. [PMID: 33807700 PMCID: PMC8000729 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a type of hepatic injury caused by an uncommon drug adverse reaction that can develop to conditions spanning from asymptomatic liver laboratory abnormalities to acute liver failure (ALF) and death. The cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in DILI are poorly understood. Hepatocyte damage can be caused by the metabolic activation of chemically active intermediate metabolites that covalently bind to macromolecules (e.g., proteins, DNA), forming protein adducts-neoantigens-that lead to the generation of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which can eventually lead to cell death. In parallel, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) stimulate the immune response, whereby inflammasomes play a pivotal role, and neoantigen presentation on specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules trigger the adaptive immune response. A wide array of antioxidant mechanisms exists to counterbalance the effect of oxidants, including glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), which are pivotal in detoxification. These get compromised during DILI, triggering an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants defense systems, generating oxidative stress. As a result of exacerbated oxidative stress, several danger signals, including mitochondrial damage, cell death, and inflammatory markers, and microRNAs (miRNAs) related to extracellular vesicles (EVs) have already been reported as mechanistic biomarkers. Here, the status quo and the future directions in DILI are thoroughly discussed, with a special focus on the role of oxidative stress and the development of new biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Villanueva-Paz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, CIBERehd, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
| | - Laura Morán
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.); (N.L.-A.)
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria López-Alcántara
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.); (N.L.-A.)
| | - Cristiana Freixo
- CINTESIS, Center for Health Technology and Services Research, do Porto University School of Medicine, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Raúl J. Andrade
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, CIBERehd, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
| | - M Isabel Lucena
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, CIBERehd, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
| | - Francisco Javier Cubero
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.); (N.L.-A.)
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
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A critical approach for successful use of circulating microRNAs as biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases: the case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 27:281-294. [PMID: 33656618 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10084-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that act as major regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. As the potential applications of miRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases have become more evident, many studies of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have focused on the systemic identification and quantification of miRNAs in biofluids and myocardial tissues. HCM is a hereditary cardiomyopathy caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins of the sarcomere. Despite overall improvements in survival, progression to heart failure, stroke, and sudden cardiac death remain prominent features of living with HCM. Several miRNAs have been shown to be promising biomarkers of HCM; however, there are many challenges to ensuring the validity, consistency, and reproducibility of these biomarkers for clinical use. In particular, miRNA testing may be limited by pre-analytical and analytical caveats, making our interpretation of results challenging. Such factors that may affect miRNA testing include sample type selection, hemolysis, platelet activation, and renal dysfunction. Therefore, researchers should be careful when developing appropriate standards for the design of miRNA profiling studies in order to ensure that all results provided are both accurate and reliable. In this review, we discuss the application of miRNAs as biomarkers for HCM.
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Hirschfeld M, Rücker G, Weiß D, Berner K, Ritter A, Jäger M, Erbes T. Urinary Exosomal MicroRNAs as Potential Non-invasive Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Detection. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 24:215-232. [PMID: 32112368 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-020-00453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent malignant disease in women worldwide and is therefore challenging for the healthcare system. Early BC detection remains a leading factor that improves overall outcome and disease management. Aside from established screening procedures, there is a constant demand for additional BC detection methods. Routine BC screening via non-invasive liquid biopsy biomarkers is one auspicious approach to either complete or even replace the current state-of-the-art diagnostics. The study explores the diagnostic potential of urinary exosomal microRNAs with specific BC biomarker characteristics to initiate the potential prospective application of non-invasive BC screening as routine practice. METHODS Based on a case-control study (69 BC vs. 40 healthy controls), expression level quantification and subsequent biostatistical computation of 13 urine-derived microRNAs were performed to evaluate their diagnostic relevance in BC. RESULTS Multilateral statistical assessment determined and repeatedly confirmed a specific panel of four urinary microRNA types (miR-424, miR-423, miR-660, and let7-i) as a highly specific combinatory biomarker tool discriminating BC patients from healthy controls, with 98.6% sensitivity and 100% specificity. DISCUSSION Urine-based BC diagnosis may be achieved through the analysis of distinct microRNA panels with proven biomarker abilities. Subject to further validation, the implementation of urinary BC detection in routine screening offers a promising non-invasive alternative in women's healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Hirschfeld
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Gerta Rücker
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Weiß
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kai Berner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Ritter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Jäger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thalia Erbes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Elliott JM, Rueckeis CA, Pan Y, Parrish TB, Walton DM, Linnstaedt SD. microRNA let-7i-5p mediates the relationship between muscle fat infiltration and neck pain disability following motor vehicle collision: a preliminary study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3140. [PMID: 33542428 PMCID: PMC7862492 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82734-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent neck-pain disability (PNPD) is common following traumatic stress exposures such as motor vehicle collision (MVC). Substantial literature indicates that fat infiltration into neck muscle (MFI) is associated with post-MVC PNPD. However, little is known about the molecular mediators underlying this association. In the current study, we assessed whether microRNA expression signatures predict PNPD and whether microRNA mediate the relationship between neck MFI and PNPD. A nested cohort of 43 individuals from a longitudinal study of MVC survivors, who provided blood (PAXgene RNA) and underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were included in the current study. Peritraumatic microRNA expression levels were quantified via small RNA sequencing, neck MFI via MRI, and PNPD via the Neck Disability Index two-weeks, three-months, and twelve-months following MVC. Repeated measures regression models were used to assess the relationship between microRNA and PNPD and to perform mediation analyses. Seventeen microRNA predicted PNPD following MVC. One microRNA, let-7i-5p, mediated the relationship between neck MFI and PNPD. Peritraumatic blood-based microRNA expression levels predict PNPD following MVC and let-7i-5p might contribute to the underlying effects of neck MFI on persistent disability. In conclusion, additional studies are needed to validate this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Elliott
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The Northern Sydney Local Health District, The Kolling Institute, The University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cathleen A Rueckeis
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Campus Box #7010, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7010, USA
| | - Yue Pan
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Campus Box #7010, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7010, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Todd B Parrish
- Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David M Walton
- School of Physical Therapy, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah D Linnstaedt
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Campus Box #7010, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7010, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Sahu S, Routray S. Assessing the analytical efficacy of TEX in diagnosing oral cancer using a systematic review approach. J Oral Pathol Med 2021; 50:123-128. [PMID: 33184963 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The 5-year survival rates in OSCC depend on the stage at diagnosis. Patients have better survival and favourable outcomes if detected early, as compared to those diagnosed in advanced stages. Apart from biopsy and mucosal scraping examinations, exosomes from saliva and blood are emerging as an accessible source for diagnosis and providing additional information about the tumour's characteristics. Hence, the study of tumour-derived exosomal (TEX) biomarkers obtained from a liquid biopsy is emerging as a promising diagnostic tool. In this systematic review, our effort is to assess the role of TEX as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchanda Sahu
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Samapika Routray
- Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
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Urinary MicroRNAs in Environmental Health: Biomarkers of Emergent Kidney Injury and Disease. Curr Environ Health Rep 2021; 7:101-108. [PMID: 32166731 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-020-00271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is a critical need for sensitive biomarkers of renal disease and progression. Micro(mi)RNAs are attractive as next-generation biomarkers in kidney disease, particularly as urine miRNAs can inform kidney function and cellular integrity. This review summarizes recent epidemiologic and toxicologic advances using urinary miRNAs and exosomal miRNAs as novel biomarkers of chemical exposure and of kidney damage and disease. RECENT FINDINGS Urine miRNA biomarkers offer improved stability over protein in stored samples, relative ease of collection and quantitation, and conserved sequence homology across species. Particularly in the case of emergent environmental health threats such as chronic kidney disease of unknown origin, urinary miRNAs hold promise as biomarkers of disease and/or exposure. We present evidence to address scientific knowledge gaps, comment on the relevance of urine-derived miRNAs in environmental health research, and discuss limitations and recommendations for future directions needed to advance miRNA biomarker strategies.
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Plant miR171 modulates mTOR pathway in HEK293 cells by targeting GNA12. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:435-449. [PMID: 33386590 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant microRNAs have shown the capacity to regulate mammalian systems. The potential bioactivity of miR171vr, an isoform of the plant miR171, on human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells was investigated. Bioinformatics simulations revealed that human G protein subunit alpha 12 (GNA12) transcript could represent an excellent target for miR171vr. To confirm this prediction, in vitro experiments were performed using a synthetic microRNA designed on miR171vr sequence. MiR-treated cells showed a significant decrease of GNA12 mRNA and protein levels, confirming the putative cross-kingdom interaction. In addition, miR171vr determined the modulation of GNA12 downstream signaling factors, including mTOR, as expected. Finally, the effect of the plant miRNA on HEK293 cell growth and its stability in presence of several stressors, such as those miming digestive processes and procedures for preparing food, were evaluated. All this preliminary evidence would suggest that miR171vr, introduced by diet or as supplement in gene therapies, could potentially influence human gene expression, especially for treating disorders where GNA12 is over-expressed (i.e. oral cancer, breast and prostate adenocarcinoma) or mTOR kinase is down-regulated (e.g. obesity, type 2 diabetes, neurodegeneration).
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Fathy M, Hany N, Bahgat A, Youssef O, Fayyad A, Kotb A, Al-Khatib S. Circulating miR-210 and miR-23b in bladder Cancer. UROLOGICAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/uros.uros_112_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Evtushenko EG, Bagrov DV, Lazarev VN, Livshits MA, Khomyakova E. Adsorption of extracellular vesicles onto the tube walls during storage in solution. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243738. [PMID: 33370319 PMCID: PMC7769454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Short term storage of extracellular vesicle (EV) solutions at +4°C is a common practice, but the stability of EVs during this procedure has not been fully understood yet. Using nanoparticle tracking analysis, we have shown that EVs isolated from the conditioned medium of HT-29 cells exhibit a pronounced concentration decrease when stored in PBS in ordinary polypropylene tubes within the range of (0.5–2.1) × 1010 particles/ml. EV losses reach 51±3% for 0.5 ml of EVs in Eppendorf 2 ml tube at 48 hours of storage at +4°C. Around 2/3 of the observed losses have been attributed to the adsorption of vesicles onto tube walls. This result shows that the lower part (up to at least 2 × 1010 particles/ml) of the practically relevant concentration range for purified EVs is prone to adsorption losses at +4°C. Total particle losses could be reduced to 18–21% at 48 hours by using either Eppendorf Protein LoBind tubes or ordinary tubes with the surface blocked with bovine serum albumin or EVs. Reduction of losses to 15% has been shown for isolated EVs dissolved in the supernatant after 100 000 g centrifugation as a model of conditioned medium. Also, a previously unknown feature of diffusion-controlled adsorption was revealed for EVs. In addition to the decrease in particle count, this process causes the predominant losses of smaller particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy G. Evtushenko
- Department of Chemical Enzymology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- * E-mail:
| | - Dmitry V. Bagrov
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vassili N. Lazarev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A. Livshits
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Khomyakova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Identification of Circulating miR-22-3p and miR-93-5p as Stable Endogenous Control in Tuberculosis Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10110868. [PMID: 33114169 PMCID: PMC7690830 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10110868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis and prognosis of tuberculosis remains challenging and necessitates the development of a new test that can accurately diagnose and monitor treatment responses. In this regard, miRNA is becoming a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker which differentiates treatment respondents from non-respondents for various non-infectious and infectious diseases, including tuberculosis. The concentration of miRNAs varies based on cell type, disease, and site of infection, implicating that selection of an optimal reference gene is crucial, and determines the quantification of transcript level and biological interpretation of the data. Thus, the study evaluated the stability and expression level of five candidate miRNAs (let-7i-5p, let-7a-5p, miRNA-16-5p, miRNA-22-3p and miRNA-93-5p), including U6 Small Nuclear RNA (RNU6B) to normalize circulating miRNAs in the plasma of 68 participants (26 healthy controls, 23 latent, and 19 pulmonary tuberculosis infected) recruited from four health centers and three hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The expression levels of miRNAs isolated from plasma of culture confirmed newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients were compared with latently infected and non-infected healthy controls. The qPCR data were analyzed using four independent statistical tools: Best Keeper, Genorm, Normfinder and comparative delta-Ct methods, and the data showed that miRNA-22-3p and miRNA-93-5p were suitable plasma reference miRNAs in a tuberculosis study.
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Umbaugh DS, Jaeschke H. Extracellular vesicles: Roles and applications in drug-induced liver injury. Adv Clin Chem 2020; 102:63-125. [PMID: 34044913 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are defined as nanosized particles, with a lipid bilayer, that are unable to replicate. There has been an exponential increase of research investigating these particles in a wide array of diseases and deleterious states (inflammation, oxidative stress, drug-induced liver injury) in large part due to increasing recognition of the functional capacity of EVs. Cells can package lipids, proteins, miRNAs, DNA, and RNA into EVs and send these discrete packages of molecular information to distant, recipient cells to alter the physiological state of that cell. EVs are innately heterogeneous as a result of the diverse molecular pathways that are used to generate them. However, this innate heterogeneity of EVs is amplified due to the diversity in isolation techniques and lack of standardized nomenclature in the literature making it unclear if one scientist's "exosome" is another scientist's "microvesicle." One goal of this chapter is to provide the contextual understanding of EV origin so one can discern between divergent nomenclature. Further, the chapter will explore the potential protective and harmful roles that EVs play in DILI, and the potential of EVs and their cargo as a biomarker. The use of EVs as a therapeutic as well as a vector for therapeutic delivery will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Umbaugh
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.
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