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Huang X, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Xu M, Du X, Zhang Y. Circulating miRNAs drive personalized medicine based on subgroup classification in myasthenia gravis patients. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:3877-3884. [PMID: 37402938 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06933-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a classic autoimmune neuromuscular disease with strong clinical heterogeneity. The concept of subgroup classification was proposed to guide the precise treatment of MG. Subgroups based on serum antibodies and clinical features include ocular MG, early-onset MG with AchR antibodies, late-onset MG with AchR antibodies, thymoma-associated MG, MuSK-associated MG, LRP4-associated MG, and seronegative MG. However, reliable objective biomarkers are still needed to reflect the individualized response to therapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules which can specifically bind to target genes and regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, and then influence celluar biological processes. MiRNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including MG. Several studies on circulating miRNAs in MG have been reported. However, there is rare systematic review to summarize the differences of these miRNAs in different subgroups of MG. Here, we summarize the potential role of circulating miRNAs in different subgroups of MG to promote personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Huang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Quanshan Distric, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhouao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Quanshan Distric, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Quanshan Distric, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingming Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Quanshan Distric, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue Du
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Quanshan Distric, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Quanshan Distric, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Vieujean S, Caron B, Haghnejad V, Jouzeau JY, Netter P, Heba AC, Ndiaye NC, Moulin D, Barreto G, Danese S, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Impact of the Exposome on the Epigenome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients and Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7611. [PMID: 35886959 PMCID: PMC9321337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract that encompass two main phenotypes, namely Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. These conditions occur in genetically predisposed individuals in response to environmental factors. Epigenetics, acting by DNA methylation, post-translational histones modifications or by non-coding RNAs, could explain how the exposome (or all environmental influences over the life course, from conception to death) could influence the gene expression to contribute to intestinal inflammation. We performed a scoping search using Medline to identify all the elements of the exposome that may play a role in intestinal inflammation through epigenetic modifications, as well as the underlying mechanisms. The environmental factors epigenetically influencing the occurrence of intestinal inflammation are the maternal lifestyle (mainly diet, the occurrence of infection during pregnancy and smoking); breastfeeding; microbiota; diet (including a low-fiber diet, high-fat diet and deficiency in micronutrients); smoking habits, vitamin D and drugs (e.g., IBD treatments, antibiotics and probiotics). Influenced by both microbiota and diet, short-chain fatty acids are gut microbiota-derived metabolites resulting from the anaerobic fermentation of non-digestible dietary fibers, playing an epigenetically mediated role in the integrity of the epithelial barrier and in the defense against invading microorganisms. Although the impact of some environmental factors has been identified, the exposome-induced epimutations in IBD remain a largely underexplored field. How these environmental exposures induce epigenetic modifications (in terms of duration, frequency and the timing at which they occur) and how other environmental factors associated with IBD modulate epigenetics deserve to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Vieujean
- Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, University Hospital CHU of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium;
| | - Bénédicte Caron
- Department of Gastroenterology NGERE (INSERM U1256), Nancy University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54052 Nancy, France; (B.C.); (V.H.)
| | - Vincent Haghnejad
- Department of Gastroenterology NGERE (INSERM U1256), Nancy University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54052 Nancy, France; (B.C.); (V.H.)
| | - Jean-Yves Jouzeau
- CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research), Laboratoire IMoPA, Université de Lorraine, UMR 7365, F-54000 Nancy, France; (J.-Y.J.); (P.N.); (D.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Patrick Netter
- CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research), Laboratoire IMoPA, Université de Lorraine, UMR 7365, F-54000 Nancy, France; (J.-Y.J.); (P.N.); (D.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Anne-Charlotte Heba
- NGERE (Nutrition-Genetics and Exposure to Environmental Risks), National Institute of Health and Medical Research, University of Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.-C.H.); (N.C.N.)
| | - Ndeye Coumba Ndiaye
- NGERE (Nutrition-Genetics and Exposure to Environmental Risks), National Institute of Health and Medical Research, University of Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.-C.H.); (N.C.N.)
| | - David Moulin
- CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research), Laboratoire IMoPA, Université de Lorraine, UMR 7365, F-54000 Nancy, France; (J.-Y.J.); (P.N.); (D.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research), Laboratoire IMoPA, Université de Lorraine, UMR 7365, F-54000 Nancy, France; (J.-Y.J.); (P.N.); (D.M.); (G.B.)
- Lung Cancer Epigenetics, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Universidad de la Salud del Estado de Puebla, Puebla 72000, Mexico
| | - Silvio Danese
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Department of Gastroenterology NGERE (INSERM U1256), Nancy University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54052 Nancy, France; (B.C.); (V.H.)
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Fulop T, Larbi A, Pawelec G, Cohen AA, Provost G, Khalil A, Lacombe G, Rodrigues S, Desroches M, Hirokawa K, Franceschi C, Witkowski JM. Immunosenescence and Altered Vaccine Efficiency in Older Subjects: A Myth Difficult to Change. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040607. [PMID: 35455356 PMCID: PMC9030923 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Organismal ageing is associated with many physiological changes, including differences in the immune system of most animals. These differences are often considered to be a key cause of age-associated diseases as well as decreased vaccine responses in humans. The most often cited vaccine failure is seasonal influenza, but, while it is usually the case that the efficiency of this vaccine is lower in older than younger adults, this is not always true, and the reasons for the differential responses are manifold. Undoubtedly, changes in the innate and adaptive immune response with ageing are associated with failure to respond to the influenza vaccine, but the cause is unclear. Moreover, recent advances in vaccine formulations and adjuvants, as well as in our understanding of immune changes with ageing, have contributed to the development of vaccines, such as those against herpes zoster and SARS-CoV-2, that can protect against serious disease in older adults just as well as in younger people. In the present article, we discuss the reasons why it is a myth that vaccines inevitably protect less well in older individuals, and that vaccines represent one of the most powerful means to protect the health and ensure the quality of life of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Fulop
- Research Center on Aging, Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.K.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Singapore 138648, Singapore;
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen, Germany;
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON P3E 2H2, Canada
| | - Alan A. Cohen
- Groupe de Recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
| | | | - Abedelouahed Khalil
- Research Center on Aging, Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Guy Lacombe
- Research Center on Aging, Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Serafim Rodrigues
- Ikerbasque, The Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain;
- BCAM—The Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Mathieu Desroches
- MathNeuro Team, Inria Sophia Antipolis Méditerranée, CEDEX, 06902 Sophia Antipolis, France;
- The Jean Alexandre Dieudonné Laboratory, Université Côte d’Azur, CEDEX 2, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Katsuiku Hirokawa
- Institute of Health and Life Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan;
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Laboratory of Systems Biology of Healthy Aging, Lobachevsky State University, 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Jacek M. Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
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miRNA-21 regulates CD69 and IL-10 expression in canine leishmaniasis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265192. [PMID: 35324917 PMCID: PMC8947396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis in humans is a chronic and fatal disease if left untreated. Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a severe public health problem because infected animals are powerful transmitters of the parasite to humans via phlebotomine vectors. Therefore, dogs are an essential target for control measures. Progression of canine infection is accompanied by failure of cellular immunity with reduction of circulating lymphocytes and increased cytokines that suppress macrophage function. Studies showed that the regulation of the effector function of macrophages and T cells appears to depend on miRNAs; miRNA-21 (miR-21) shows increased expression in splenic leukocytes of dogs with CanL and targets genes related to the immune response. Mimics and inhibitors of miR-21 were used in vitro to transfect splenic leukocytes from dogs with CanL. After transfection, expression levels of the proteins FAS, FASL, CD69, CCR7, TNF-α, IL-17, IFN-γ, and IL-10 were measured. FAS, FASL, CD69, and CCR7 expression levels decreased in splenic leukocytes from dogs with CanL. The miR-21 mimic decreased CD69 expression in splenic leukocytes from CanL and healthy groups. The miR-21 inhibitor decreased IL-10 levels in culture supernatants from splenic leukocytes in the CanL group. These findings suggest that miR-21 alters the immune response in CanL; therefore, miR-21 could be used as a possible therapeutic target for CanL.
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Role of microRNAs in the Pathophysiology of Ulcerative Colitis. IMMUNO 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno1040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an intractable disorder characterized by a chronic inflammation of the colon. Studies have identified UC as a multifactorial disorder affected by both genetic and environmental factors; however, the precise mechanism remains unclear. Recent advances in the field of microRNA (miRNA) research have identified an association between this small non-coding RNA in the pathophysiology of UC and altered miRNA expression profiles in patients with UC. Nevertheless, the roles of individual miRNAs are uncertain due to heterogeneity in both research samples and clinical backgrounds. In this review, we focus on miRNA expression in colonic mucosa where inflammation occurs in UC and discuss the potential roles of individual miRNAs in disease development, outlining the pathophysiology of UC.
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Zhang H, Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Hallmarks of the aging T-cell system. FEBS J 2021; 288:7123-7142. [PMID: 33590946 PMCID: PMC8364928 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The adaptive immune system has the enormous challenge to protect the host through the generation and differentiation of pathogen-specific short-lived effector T cells while in parallel developing long-lived memory cells to control future encounters with the same pathogen. A complex regulatory network is needed to preserve a population of naïve cells over lifetime that exhibit sufficient diversity of antigen receptors to respond to new antigens, while also sustaining immune memory. In parallel, cells need to maintain their proliferative potential and the plasticity to differentiate into different functional lineages. Initial signs of waning immune competence emerge after 50 years of age, with increasing clinical relevance in the 7th-10th decade of life. Morbidity and mortality from infections increase, as drastically exemplified by the current COVID-19 pandemic. Many vaccines, such as for the influenza virus, are poorly effective to generate protective immunity in older individuals. Age-associated changes occur at the level of the T-cell population as well as the functionality of its cellular constituents. The system highly relies on the self-renewal of naïve and memory T cells, which is robust but eventually fails. Genetic and epigenetic modifications contribute to functional differences in responsiveness and differentiation potential. To some extent, these changes arise from defective maintenance; to some, they represent successful, but not universally beneficial adaptations to the aging host. Interventions that can compensate for the age-related defects and improve immune responses in older adults are increasingly within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhang
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Cornelia M. Weyand
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jörg J. Goronzy
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Association between miR-126, miR-21, inflammatory factors and T lymphocyte apoptosis in septic rats. Mol Clin Oncol 2021; 15:206. [PMID: 34462662 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2021.2368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) serve an important role in regulating expression levels of inflammatory factors but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. The present study aimed to observe miR-126 and miR-21 expression and apoptosis in T lymphocytes and to analyze their association with cytokine release in septic rats. The septic model rats were given intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and divided into 0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h groups. Peripheral blood was collected from each group to isolate T lymphocytes. The expression levels of miR-126 and miR-21 in T lymphocytes were observed, as well as cytokine release and apoptosis. Finally, the association between miR-126, miR-21, cytokines and apoptosis in T lymphocytes was analyzed. The release of TNF-α and IL-6 in septic rats was initially elevated but then decreased. miR-126 and miR-21 levels in T lymphocytes in septic rats were lower than those of NC rats. miR-126 and miR-21 initially decreased and then increased, whereas of apoptosis of T lymphocytes increased and then decreased, in septic rats. The expression of miR-126 was positively correlated with that of miR-21 (r=0.316; P=0.029) and negatively correlated with that of TNF-α (r=-0.480; P=0.001) and IL-6 (r=-0.626; P<0.001), as well as the apoptotic rate of T lymphocytes (r=-0.377; P=0.008). Furthermore, expression levels of miR-126 were negatively corrlated with caspase-3 expression levels (r=-0.606; P<0.001) and activity (r=-0.541; P<0.001). There was a negative correlation between miR-21 and levels of TNF-α (r=-0.311; P=0.032) and IL-6 (r=-0.439; P=0.002), as well as caspase-3 expression (r=-0.398; P=0.005) and activity (r=-0.378; P=0.008). However, there miR-126 expression was not correlated with apoptotic rate of T lymphocytes. Altered expression levels of miR-126 and miR-21 reflected the severity of inflammatory response and indicated levels of T lymphocyte apoptosis in septic rats.
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Varikuti S, Verma C, Holcomb E, Jha BK, Viana A, Maryala R, Lamenza F, McElwain BK, Doni NY, Papenfuss T, Oghumu S, Gannavaram S, Nakhasi HL, Satoskar AR. MicroRNA-21 Deficiency Promotes the Early Th1 Immune Response and Resistance toward Visceral Leishmaniasis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1322-1332. [PMID: 34341171 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) inhibits IL-12 expression and impairs the Th1 response necessary for control of Leishmania infection. Recent studies have shown that Leishmania infection induces miR-21 expression in dendritic cells and macrophages, and inhibition of miR-21 restores IL-12 expression. Because miR-21 is known to be expressed due to inflammatory stimuli in a wide range of hematopoietic cells, we investigated the role of miR-21 in regulating immune responses during visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania donovani infection. We found that miR-21 expression was significantly elevated in dendritic cells, macrophages, inflammatory monocytes, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, and in the spleen and liver tissues after L. donovani infection, concomitant with an increased expression of disease exacerbating IL-6 and STAT3. Bone marrow dendritic cells from miR-21 knockout (miR-21KO) mice showed increased IL-12 production and decreased production of IL-10. On L. donovani infection, miR-21KO mice exhibited significantly greater numbers of IFN-γ- and TNF-α-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in their organs that was associated with increased production of Th1-associated IFN-γ, TNF-α, and NO from the splenocytes. Finally, miR-21KO mice displayed significantly more developing and mature hepatic granulomas leading to reduction in organ parasitic loads compared with wild type counterparts. Similar results were noted in L. donovani-infected wild type mice after transient miR-21 depletion. These observations indicate that miR-21 plays a critical role in pathogenesis of VL by suppressing IL-12- and Th1-associated IFN-γ and also inducing disease-promoting induction of the IL-6 and STAT-3 signaling pathway. miR-21 could therefore be used as a potential target for developing host-directed treatment for VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Varikuti
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH.,Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Chaitenya Verma
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Erin Holcomb
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Bijay Kumar Jha
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Agostinho Viana
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Ritvik Maryala
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Felipe Lamenza
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Bryan K McElwain
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Nebiye Yentur Doni
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Tracey Papenfuss
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Steve Oghumu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Sreenivas Gannavaram
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD; and
| | - Hira L Nakhasi
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD; and
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH; .,Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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He G, Ding J, Zhang Y, Cai M, Yang J, Cho WC, Zheng Y. microRNA-21: a key modulator in oncogenic viral infections. RNA Biol 2021; 18:809-817. [PMID: 33499700 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1880756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic viruses are associated with approximately 15% of human cancers. In viral infections, microRNAs play an important role in host-pathogen interactions. miR-21 is a highly conserved non-coding RNA that not only regulates the development of oncogenic viral diseases, but also responds to the regulation of intracellular signal pathways. Oncogenic viruses, including HBV, HCV, HPV, and EBV, co-evolve with their hosts and cause persistent infections. The upregulation of host miR-21 manipulates key cellular pathways to evade host immune responses and then promote viral replication. Thus, a better understanding of the role of miR-21 in viral infections may help us to develop effective genetically-engineered oncolytic virus-based therapies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guitian He
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology' and 'Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juntao Ding
- College of Life Science and Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yong'e Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology' and 'Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mengting Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology' and 'Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology' and 'Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yadong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology' and 'Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, CAAS, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou China
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He S, Sun S, Lu J, Chen L, Mei X, Li L, Zeng Z, Zhong M, Xie L. The effects of the miR-21/SMAD7/TGF-β pathway on Th17 cell differentiation in COPD. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6338. [PMID: 33739023 PMCID: PMC7973755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85637-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex disease with multiple etiologies, while smoking is the most established one. The present study investigated the modulation of T-helper 17 (Th17) cell differentiation by the miR-21/Smad7/TGF-β pathway, and their roles in COPD. Lung tissues were obtained from lung cancer patients with or without COPD who underwent lobotomy and the levels of miR-21, TGF-β/Smad signaling molecules, RORγT, and other Th17-related cytokines were detected. Mouse COPD models were built by exposing both wild-type (WT) and miR-21-/- mice to cigarette smoke (CS) and cigarette smoke extract (CSE) intraperitoneal injection. Isolated primary CD4+ T cells were treated with either CS extract, miR-21 mimics or inhibitors, followed by measuring Th17 cells markers and the expression of TGF-β/Smad signaling molecules and RORγT. Increased levels of miR-21, Smad7, phosphorylated (p)-Smad2, p-Smad3, TGF-β, and Th17-related cytokines was detected in the lungs of COPD patients. Lung function in modeled WT mice, but not miR-21-/- ones, deteriorated and the number of inflammatory cells in the lung tissues increased compared to the control WT-mice. Moreover, primary CD4+ lymphocytes tend to differentiate into Th17 cells after the treatment with CSE or miR-21 mimics, and the expression of RORγT and the TGF-β/Smad signaling were all increased, however miR-21 inhibitors worked reversely. Our findings demonstrated that Th17 cells increased under COPD pathogenesis and was partially modulated by the miR-21/Smad7/TGF-β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyang He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shenghua Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junjuan Lu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Mei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liqiu Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengpeng Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mubin Zhong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lihua Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Circulating MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Neurosyphilis: A Case Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1097/jd9.0000000000000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Kalani M, Hodjati H, Ghoddusi Johari H, Doroudchi M. Memory T cells of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm differentially expressed micro RNAs 21, 92a, 146a, 155, 326 and 663 in response to Helicobacter pylori and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Mol Immunol 2020; 130:77-84. [PMID: 33246580 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Regarding the role of micro RNAs (miRNA) in the proliferation and differentiation of T cells as well as the controversy around the role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), the effects of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (La) were investigated in the induction of miRNAs and apoptosis in CD4+ memory T (Tem) cells of AAA patients and controls. Signature atherosclerosis miRNAs 21, 92a, 146a, 155, 326 and 663 were measured in the sera and tissues of AAA patients and control. PBMCs separately and in co-culture with HUVEC were treated with Hp-water-extract (HpWE) and La-conditioned-medium (LaCM). Apoptosis and miRNA levels were assessed in the isolated Tem by flowcytometry and real-time-PCR. In single-culture, HpWE increased apoptosis and miR-155 and LaCM decreased apoptosis and increased miR-21. In co-culture, apoptosis decreased in both groups in response to CagA+HpWE. Also, all miRNAs increased in patients Tem but in controls, only miR- 146a and 21 showed changes. Although, apoptosis was similar in Tem of patients and controls, the effects of Hp and La were different on the induction of apoptosis and miRNAs and also these bacteria showed different impacts in single and co-culture conditions. Beyond the direct effects of these bacteria on the pathogenesis of diseases, their effects on miRNAs expression may shed light on their roles in the development and the prevention of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Kalani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Hodjati
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamed Ghoddusi Johari
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Doroudchi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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13
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Choi H, Song H, Jung YW. The Roles of CCR7 for the Homing of Memory CD8+ T Cells into Their Survival Niches. Immune Netw 2020; 20:e20. [PMID: 32655968 PMCID: PMC7327150 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory CD8+ T cells in the immune system are responsible for the removal of external Ags for a long period of time to protect against re-infection. Naïve to memory CD8+ T cell differentiation and memory CD8+ T cell maintenance require many different factors including local environmental factors. Thus, it has been suggested that the migration of memory CD8+ T cells into specific microenvironments alters their longevity and functions. In this review, we have summarized the subsets of memory CD8+ T cells based on their migratory capacities and described the niche hypothesis for their survival. In addition, the basic roles of CCR7 in conjunction with the migration of memory CD8+ T cells and recent understandings of their survival niches have been introduced. Finally, the applications of altering CCR7 signaling have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbyeul Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Heonju Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Yong Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
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14
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Yan H, Zhang X, Xu Y. Aberrant expression of miR-21 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19693. [PMID: 32332611 PMCID: PMC7220677 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND microRNAs have drawn more attention due to their function on the inflammatory process. The association between microRNA-21 (miR-21) expression and risk of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) remain inconclusive. This study was aimed to acquire a more exact estimation of this relationship. METHODS Relevant studies were identified through searching PubMed, Embase, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure database. Pooled standardized mean difference and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a random-effect model. Publication bias test, sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were carried out. RESULTS A total of 20 relevant articles comprising 540 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 459 patients with Crohn disease (CD) and 511 non-IBD controls were included in this analysis. The expression of miR-21 was significantly increased in colon tissue of both UC and CD patients compared with non-IBD controls. However, there were no significant differences between patients with UC and CD. Moreover, increased miR-21 expression was associated with disease activity status in UC patients, but not in CD patients. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis demonstrates that the higher miR-21 expression in colon tissue is positively associated with the development of UC and CD, and miR-21 might serve as a disease marker of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Yan
- Clinical Research Center, Shijiazhuang Fifth Hospital
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Graduate College of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shijiazhuang Fifth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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15
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Sabre L, Punga T, Punga AR. Circulating miRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in Myasthenia Gravis: Tools for Personalized Medicine. Front Immunol 2020; 11:213. [PMID: 32194544 PMCID: PMC7065262 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease caused by antibodies which attack receptors at the neuromuscular junction. One of the main difficulties in predicting the clinical course of MG is the heterogeneity of the disease, where disease progression differs greatly depending on the subgroup that the patient is classified into. MG subgroups are classified according to: age of onset [early-onset MG (EOMG; onset ≤ 50 years) versus late-onset MG (LOMG; onset > 50 years]; the presence of a thymoma (thymoma-associated MG); antibody subtype [acetylcholine receptor antibody seropositive (AChR+) and muscle-specific tyrosine kinase antibody seropositive (MuSK+)]; as well as clinical subtypes (ocular versus generalized MG). The diagnostic tests for MG, such as antibody titers, neurophysiological tests, and objective clinical fatigue score, do not necessarily reflect disease progression. Hence, there is a great need for reliable objective biomarkers in MG to follow the disease course as well as the individualized response to therapy toward personalized medicine. In this regard, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising potential biomarkers due to their accessibility in body fluids and unique profiles in different diseases, including autoimmune disorders. Several studies on circulating miRNAs in MG subtypes have revealed specific miRNA profiles in patients’ sera. In generalized AChR+ EOMG, miR-150-5p and miR-21-5p are the most elevated miRNAs, with lower levels observed upon treatment with immunosuppression and thymectomy. In AChR+ generalized LOMG, the miR-150-5p, miR-21-5p, and miR-30e-5p levels are elevated and decrease in accordance with the clinical response after immunosuppression. In ocular MG, higher levels of miR-30e-5p discriminate patients who will later generalize from those remaining ocular. In contrast, in MuSK+ MG, the levels of the let-7 miRNA family members are elevated. Studies of circulating miRNA profiles in Lrp4 or agrin antibody-seropositive MG are still lacking. This review summarizes the present knowledge of circulating miRNAs in different subgroups of MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liis Sabre
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tanel Punga
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Rostedt Punga
- Department of Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Quan S, Nan X, Wang K, Jiang L, Yao J, Xiong B. Characterization of Sheep Milk Extracellular Vesicle-miRNA by Sequencing and Comparison with Cow Milk. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E331. [PMID: 32093183 PMCID: PMC7070426 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk can mediate maternal-neonatal signal transmission by the bioactive component extracellular vesicles (EVs), which select specific types of miRNA to encapsulate. The miRNA profiling of sheep milk EVs was characterized by sequencing and compared with that of cow milk. Nanoparticle tracking analysis revealed that the concentration of sheep milk EVs was 1.3 ± 0.09 × 1012 particles/mL and the diameter was peaked at 131.2 ± 0.84 nm. Sheep milk EVs contained various small RNAs, including tRNA, Cis-regulatory element, rRNA, snRNA, other Rfam RNA, and miRNA, which held about 36% of all the small RNAs. In total, 84 types of miRNA were annotated with Ovis aries by miRBase (version 22.0) in sheep milk EVs, with 75 shared types of miRNAs in all samples. The miR-26a, miR-191, let-7f, let-7b and miR-10b were highly expressed both in cow and sheep milk EVs, and 14 sheep milk EV-miRNAs in the top 20, occupying 98% of the total expression, were immune-related. Although pathway analysis showed different potential functions of cow and sheep milk EV-miRNAs, there were still some shared points: lipid metabolism (phospholipase D, glycerophospholipid and glycosylphosphatidylinositol), calcium metabolism, and nerve conduction (axon guidance and synapse). This study provides reference for the bioactive components in the milk of different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyu Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Q.); (X.N.); (K.W.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yanglin 712100, China
| | - Xuemei Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Q.); (X.N.); (K.W.)
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Q.); (X.N.); (K.W.)
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China;
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yanglin 712100, China
| | - Benhai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.Q.); (X.N.); (K.W.)
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17
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Kim C, Hu B, Jadhav RR, Jin J, Zhang H, Cavanagh MM, Akondy RS, Ahmed R, Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Activation of miR-21-Regulated Pathways in Immune Aging Selects against Signatures Characteristic of Memory T Cells. Cell Rep 2019; 25:2148-2162.e5. [PMID: 30463012 PMCID: PMC6371971 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of protective vaccine responses, governed by the successful generation of antigen-specific anti-bodies and long-lived memory T cells, is increasingly impaired with age. Regulation of the T cell proteome by a dynamic network of microRNAs is crucial to T cell responses. Here, we show that activation-induced upregulation of miR-21 biases the transcrip-tome of differentiating T cells away from memory T cells and toward inflammatory effector T cells. Such a transcriptome bias is also characteristic of T cell responses in older individuals who have increased miR-21 expression and is reversed by antagonizing miR-21. miR-21 targets negative feedback circuits in several signaling pathways. The concerted, sustained activity of these signaling path-ways in miR-21high T cells disfavors the induction of transcription factor networks involved in memory cell differentiation. Our data suggest that curbing miR-21 upregulation or activity in older individuals may improve their ability to mount effective vaccine responses. A hallmark of the aging immune system is its failure to induce long-lived memory. Kim et al. report that increased expression of miR-21 in naive T cells from older individuals sustains signaling in the MAPK and AKT-mTORC pathways, disfavoring induction of transcription factor networks involved in memory cell generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulwoo Kim
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Bin Hu
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Rohit R Jadhav
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jun Jin
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Mary M Cavanagh
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Rama S Akondy
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cornelia M Weyand
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jörg J Goronzy
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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18
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Yan X, Liu Y, Kong X, Ji J, Zhu H, Zhang Z, Fu T, Yang J, Zhang Z, Liu F, Gu Z. MicroRNA-21-5p are involved in apoptosis and invasion of fibroblast-like synoviocytes through PTEN/PI3K/AKT signal. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:317-328. [PMID: 30599075 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0288-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of microRNA-21-5p (miR-21) in fibroblast-like synoviocytes in RA was still unclear. In our study, we used tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) (10 ng/ml) to mimic RA-FLSs and we found that normal FLS stimulated with TNFα caused the increasing expression of miR-21, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 and matrix metalloproteinase 3, which were in accord with RA-FLSs changes. Our data showed that miR-21 overexpression significantly increased cell invasion and decreased apoptosis in FLSs. Knockdown of miR-21 in FLSs causes the opposite result. However, miR-21 may not affect the proliferation of FLSs. Meanwhile, we showed that miR-21 activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to participate in RA by inhibiting PTEN expression. Taken together, our results suggested that miR-21 may play a positive role in RA and may be a promising new therapeutic target for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yake Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xaoli Kong
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Juan Ji
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Hai Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Zexu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Ting Fu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Junling Yang
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Zhongyuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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19
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Bragato JP, Melo LM, Venturin GL, Rebech GT, Garcia LE, Lopes FL, de Lima VMF. Relationship of peripheral blood mononuclear cells miRNA expression and parasitic load in canine visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206876. [PMID: 30517108 PMCID: PMC6281177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in humans is a chronic and often fatal disease if left untreated. Dogs appear to be the main reservoir host for L. infantum infection, however, in many regions other canids such as jackals, foxes, wolves and other mammals, such as hares or black rats, have been implicated as wild reservoirs. Most dogs cannot form an effective immune response against this infection, and this could be modulated by small non-coding RNAs, called microRNAs, responsible for post-transcriptional control of gene expression. Here, we evaluated the expression of miRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of symptomatic dogs naturally infected with Leishmania (L.) infantum (n = 10) and compared to those of healthy dogs (n = 5). Microarray analysis revealed that miR-21, miR-424, miR-194 and miR-451 had a 3-fold increase in expression, miR-192, miR-503, and miR-371 had a 2-fold increase in expression, whereas a 2-fold reduction in expression was observed for miR-150 and miR-574. Real-time PCR validated the differential expression of miR-21, miR-150, miR-451, miR-192, miR-194, and miR-371. Parasite load of PBMC was measured by real-time PCR and correlated to the differentially expressed miRNAs, showing a strong positive correlation with expression of miR-194, a regular positive correlation with miR-371 expression, and a moderate negative correlation with miR-150 expression in PBMC. These findings suggest that Leishmania infection interferes with miRNAs expression in PBMC, and their correlation with parasite load may help in the identification of therapeutic targets in Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Poleto Bragato
- Department of Animal Clinic, Surgery and Reproduction, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Martins Melo
- Department of Animal Clinic, Surgery and Reproduction, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Lovizutto Venturin
- Department of Animal Clinic, Surgery and Reproduction, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Torres Rebech
- Department of Animal Clinic, Surgery and Reproduction, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Encarnação Garcia
- Department of Support, Production and Animal Health, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavia Lombardi Lopes
- Department of Support, Production and Animal Health, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valéria Marçal Felix de Lima
- Department of Animal Clinic, Surgery and Reproduction, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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20
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Moein S, Vaghari-Tabari M, Qujeq D, Majidinia M, Nabavi SM, Yousefi B. MiRNAs and inflammatory bowel disease: An interesting new story. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3277-3293. [PMID: 30417350 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disorder, is caused by a dysregulated and aberrant immune response to exposed environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite huge efforts in determining the molecular pathogenesis of IBD, an increasing worldwide incidence of IBD has been reported. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a set of noncoding RNA molecules that are about 22 nucleotides long, and these molecules are involved in the regulation of the gene expression. By clarifying the important role of miRNAs in a number of diseases, their role was also considered in IBD; numerous studies have been performed on this topic. In this review, we attempt to summarize a number of studies and discuss some of the recent developments in the roles of miRNAs in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Moein
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Irantab.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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21
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Reis M, Mavin E, Nicholson L, Green K, Dickinson AM, Wang XN. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate Dendritic Cell Maturation and Function. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2538. [PMID: 30473695 PMCID: PMC6237916 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are potent regulators of immune responses largely through paracrine signaling. MSC secreted extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are increasingly recognized as the key paracrine factors responsible for the biological and therapeutic function of MSCs. We report the first comprehensive study demonstrating the immunomodulatory effect of MSC-EVs on dendritic cell (DC) maturation and function. MSC-EVs were isolated from MSC conditioned media using differential ultracentrifugation. Human monocyte-derived DCs were generated in the absence or presence of MSC-EVs (20 ug/ml) then subjected to phenotypic and functional analysis in vitro. MSC-EV treatment impaired antigen uptake by immature DCs and halted DC maturation resulting in reduced expression of the maturation and activation markers CD83, CD38, and CD80, decreased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-12p70 and increased production of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β. MSC-EV treated DCs also demonstrated a diminished CCR 7 expression after LPS stimulation, coupled with a significantly reduced ability to migrate toward the CCR7-ligand CCL21, although they were still able to stimulate allogeneic T cell proliferation in vitro. Through microRNA profiling we have identified 49 microRNAs, which were significantly enriched in MSC-EVs compared to their parent MSCs. MicroRNAs with known effect on DC maturation and functions, including miR-21-5p, miR-142-3p, miR-223-3p, and miR-126-3p, were detected within the top 10 most enriched miRNAs in MSC-EVs, with MiR-21-5p as the third highest expressed miRNA in MSC-EVs. In silico analysis revealed that miR-21-5p targets the CCR7 gene for degradation. To verify these observations, DCs were transfected with miR-21-5p mimics and analyzed for their ability to migrate toward the CCR7-ligand CCL21 in vitro. MiR-21-5p mimic transfected DCs showed a clear trend of reduced CCR7 expression and a significantly decreased migratory ability toward the CCL21. Our findings suggest that MSC-EVs are able to recapitulate MSC mediated DC modulation and MSC-EV enclosed microRNAs may represent a novel mechanism through which MSCs modulate DC functions. As MSCs are currently used in clinical trials to treat numerous diseases associated with immune dysregulation, such as graft-versus-host disease and inflammatory bowel disease, our data provide novel evidence to inform potential future application of MSC-EVs as a cell-free therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Reis
- Haematological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Mavin
- Haematological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay Nicholson
- Haematological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kile Green
- Haematological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Anne M Dickinson
- Haematological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao-Nong Wang
- Haematological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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22
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Kunze-Schumacher H, Winter SJ, Imelmann E, Krueger A. miRNA miR-21 Is Largely Dispensable for Intrathymic T-Cell Development. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2497. [PMID: 30455689 PMCID: PMC6230590 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of T cells in the thymus is tightly controlled to continually produce functional, but not autoreactive, T cells. miRNAs provide a layer of post-transcriptional gene regulation to this process, but the role of many individual miRNAs in T-cell development remains unclear. miR-21 is prominently expressed in immature thymocytes followed by a steep decline in more mature cells. We hypothesized that such a dynamic expression was indicative of a regulatory function in intrathymic T-cell development. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed T-cell development in miR-21-deficient mice at steady state and under competitive conditions in mixed bone-marrow chimeras. We complemented analysis of knock-out animals by employing over-expression in vivo. Finally, we assessed miR-21 function in negative selection in vivo as well as differentiation in co-cultures. Together, these experiments revealed that miR-21 is largely dispensable for physiologic T-cell development. Given that miR-21 has been implicated in regulation of cellular stress responses, we assessed a potential role of miR-21 in endogenous regeneration of the thymus after sublethal irradiation. Again, miR-21 was completely dispensable in this process. We concluded that, despite prominent and highly dynamic expression in thymocytes, miR-21 expression was not required for physiologic T-cell development or endogenous regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samantha J Winter
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Esther Imelmann
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Krueger
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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23
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Dotta F, Ventriglia G, Snowhite IV, Pugliese A. MicroRNAs: markers of β-cell stress and autoimmunity. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2018; 25:237-245. [PMID: 29846238 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We discuss current knowledge about microRNAs (miRNAs) in type 1 diabetes (T1D), an autoimmune disease leading to severe loss of pancreatic β-cells. We describe: the role of cellular miRNAs in regulating immune functions and pathways impacting insulin secretion and β-cell survival; circulating miRNAs as disease biomarkers. RECENT FINDINGS Studies examined miRNAs in experimental models and patients, including analysis of tissues from organ donors, peripheral blood cells, and circulating miRNAs in serum, plasma, and exosomes. Studies employed diverse designs and methodologies to detect miRNAs and measure their levels. Selected miRNAs have been linked to the regulation of key biological pathways and disease pathogenesis; several circulating miRNAs are associated with having T1D, islet autoimmunity, disease progression, and immune and metabolic functions, for example, C-peptide secretion, in multiple studies. SUMMARY A growing literature reveals multiple roles of miRNAs in T1D, provide new clues into the regulation of disease mechanisms, and identify reproducible associations. Yet challenges remain, and the field will benefit from joint efforts to analyze results, compare methodologies, formally test the robustness of miRNA associations, and ultimately move towards validating robust miRNA biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena
- Fondazione Umberto di Mario, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuliana Ventriglia
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena
- Fondazione Umberto di Mario, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Pugliese
- Diabetes Research Institute
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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24
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Johnston DGW, Williams MA, Thaiss CA, Cabrera-Rubio R, Raverdeau M, McEntee C, Cotter PD, Elinav E, O'Neill LAJ, Corr SC. Loss of MicroRNA-21 Influences the Gut Microbiota, Causing Reduced Susceptibility in a Murine Model of Colitis. J Crohns Colitis 2018; 12:835-848. [PMID: 29608690 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS microRNAs regulate gene expression and influence the pathogenesis of human diseases. The present study investigated the role of microRNA-21 [miR-21] in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation, because miR-21 is highly expressed in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction and an altered gut microbiota. Recent studies have demonstrated that host microRNAs can shape the microbiota. Thus, we determined the influence of miR-21 on the gut microbiota and observed the subsequent impact in a dextran sodium sulphate [DSS]-induced colitis model. METHODS The influence of miR-21 on the gut microbiota and inflammation was assessed in wild-type [WT] and miR-21-/- mice, in co-housed mice, following antibiotic depletion of the microbiota, or by colonization of germ-free [GF] mice with fecal homogenate, prior to DSS administration. We carried out 16S rRNA sequencing on WT and miR-21-/- mice to dissect potential differences in the gut microbiota. RESULTS miR-21-/- mice have reduced susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis compared with WT mice. Co-housing conferred some protection to WT mice, while GF mice colonized with fecal homogenate from miR-21-/- were protected from DSS colitis compared with those colonized with WT homogenate. Further supporting a role for the microbiota in the observed phenotype, the protection afforded by miR-21 depletion was lost when mice were pre-treated with antibiotics. The 16S rRNA sequencing revealed significant differences in the composition of WT and miR-21-/- intestinal microbiota. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that miR-21 influences the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation by causing propagation of a disrupted gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G W Johnston
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Genetics and Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventative Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michelle A Williams
- School of Genetics and Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventative Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Raul Cabrera-Rubio
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, and APC Microbiome Institute, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mathilde Raverdeau
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Craig McEntee
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, and APC Microbiome Institute, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eran Elinav
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Luke A J O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinéad C Corr
- School of Genetics and Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventative Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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25
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Monroy-Arreola A, Durán-Figueroa NV, Méndez-Flores S, Domínguez-Cherit J, Watkinson J, Badillo-Corona JA, Whitaker P, Naisbitt DJ, Castrejón-Flores JL. Up-Regulation of T-Cell Activation MicroRNAs in Drug-Specific CD4+ T-Cells from Hypersensitive Patients. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:454-461. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Monroy-Arreola
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Mexico City 07340, México
| | - Noé V. Durán-Figueroa
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Mexico City 07340, México
| | - Silvia Méndez-Flores
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, México
| | - Judith Domínguez-Cherit
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, México
| | - Joel Watkinson
- MRC Center for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - Jesús A. Badillo-Corona
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Mexico City 07340, México
| | | | - Dean J. Naisbitt
- MRC Center for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - José L. Castrejón-Flores
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Mexico City 07340, México
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26
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Lindahl LM, Fredholm S, Joseph C, Nielsen BS, Jønson L, Willerslev-Olsen A, Gluud M, Blümel E, Petersen DL, Sibbesen N, Hu T, Nastasi C, Krejsgaard T, Jæhger D, Persson JL, Mongan N, Wasik MA, Litvinov IV, Sasseville D, Koralov SB, Bonefeld CM, Geisler C, Woetmann A, Ralfkiaer E, Iversen L, Odum N. STAT5 induces miR-21 expression in cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45730-45744. [PMID: 27329723 PMCID: PMC5216756 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCL), miR-21 is aberrantly expressed in skin and peripheral blood and displays anti-apoptotic properties in malignant T cells. It is, however, unclear exactly which cells express miR-21 and what mechanisms regulate miR-21. Here, we demonstrate miR-21 expression in situ in both malignant and reactive lymphocytes as well as stromal cells. qRT-PCR analysis of 47 patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary Syndrome (SS) confirmed an increased miR-21 expression that correlated with progressive disease. In cultured malignant T cells miR-21 expression was inhibited by Tofacitinib (CP-690550), a clinical-grade JAK3 inhibitor. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis showed direct binding of STAT5 to the miR-21 promoter. Cytokine starvation ex vivo triggered a decrease in miR-21 expression, whereas IL-2 induced an increased miR-21 expression in primary SS T cells and cultured cytokine-dependent SS cells (SeAx). siRNA-mediated depletion of STAT5 inhibited constitutive- and IL-2-induced miR-21 expression in cytokine-independent and dependent T cell lines, respectively. IL-15 and IL-2 were more potent than IL-21 in inducing miR-21 expression in the cytokine-dependent T cells. In conclusion, we provide first evidence that miR-21 is expressed in situ in CTCL skin lesions, induced by IL-2 and IL-15 cytokines, and is regulated by STAT5 in malignant T cells. Thus, our data provide novel evidence for a pathological role of IL-2Rg cytokines in promoting expression of the oncogenic miR-21 in CTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise M Lindahl
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon Fredholm
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claudine Joseph
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Jønson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Maria Gluud
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Edda Blümel
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David L Petersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina Sibbesen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tengpeng Hu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claudia Nastasi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorbjørn Krejsgaard
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ditte Jæhger
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Nigel Mongan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Mariusz A Wasik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ivan V Litvinov
- Division of Dermatology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Denis Sasseville
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sergei B Koralov
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charlotte M Bonefeld
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Geisler
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Woetmann
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Ralfkiaer
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Iversen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Odum
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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27
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Chen M, Peng Y, Li A, Li Z, Deng Y, Liu W, Liao B, Dai C. A novel information diffusion method based on network consistency for identifying disease related microRNAs. RSC Adv 2018; 8:36675-36690. [PMID: 35558942 PMCID: PMC9088870 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07519k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal expression of miRNAs is directly related to the development of human diseases. Predicting the potential candidate miRNAs associated with diseases can contribute to the detection, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of human complex diseases. The effective inference of the calculation method of the relationship between miRNAs and diseases is an effective supplement to biological experiments. It is of great help in the prevention, treatment and prognosis of complex diseases. This paper proposes a novel information diffusion method based on network consistency (IDNC) for identifying disease related microRNAs. The model first synthesizes the miRNA family information and the miRNA function similarity to reconstruct the miRNA network, and reconstruct the disease network by using the known disease and miRNA-related information and the semantic score between diseases. Then the global similarity of the two networks is obtained by using the Laplacian score of graphs. The global similarity score is a measure of the similarity between diseases and miRNAs. The disease–miRNA relation network was reconstructed by integrating the global similarity relation. The network consistency diffusion seed is then obtained by combining the global similarity network with the reconstructed disease–miRNA association network. Thereafter, the stable diffusion spectrum is generated as the prediction score by using the restarted random walk algorithm. The AUC value obtained by performing the LOOCV in the gold benchmark dataset is 0.8814. The AUC value obtained by performing the LOOCV in the predictive dataset is 0.9512. Compared with other frontier methods, our method has higher accuracy, which is further illustrated by case studies of breast neoplasms and colon neoplasms to prove that IDNC is valuable. The abnormal expression of miRNAs is directly related to the development of human diseases.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- College of Computer Science and Technology
- Hunan Institute of Technology
- 421002 Hengyang
- China
- College of Information Science and Engineering
| | - Yan Peng
- College of International Communication
- Hunan Institute of Technology
- 421002 Hengyang
- China
| | - Ang Li
- College of Computer Science and Technology
- Hunan Institute of Technology
- 421002 Hengyang
- China
| | - Zejun Li
- College of Computer Science and Technology
- Hunan Institute of Technology
- 421002 Hengyang
- China
- College of Information Science and Engineering
| | - Yingwei Deng
- College of Computer Science and Technology
- Hunan Institute of Technology
- 421002 Hengyang
- China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- College of Computer Science and Technology
- Hunan Institute of Technology
- 421002 Hengyang
- China
| | - Bo Liao
- College of Information Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Chengqiu Dai
- College of Computer Science and Technology
- Hunan Institute of Technology
- 421002 Hengyang
- China
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28
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Punga AR, Punga T. Circulating microRNAs as potential biomarkers in myasthenia gravis patients. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1412:33-40. [PMID: 29125182 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that bind to specific mRNA targets and regulate a wide range of important biological processes within cells. Circulating miRNAs are released into the extracellular space and can be measured in most biofluids, including blood serum and plasma. Recently, circulating miRNAs have emerged as easily accessible markers in various body fluids with different profiles and quantities specific for different human disorders, including autoimmune diseases. In myasthenia gravis (MG), diagnostic tests such as titers of serum autoantibodies specific for either the acetylcholine receptor (AChR+ ) or muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK+ ) do not necessarily reflect disease progression, and there is a great need for reliable objective biomarkers to monitor the disease course and therapeutic response. Recent studies in AChR+ MG revealed elevated levels of the immuno-miRNAs miR-150-5p and miR-21-5p. Of particular importance, levels of miR-150-5p were lower in immunosuppressed patients and in patients with clinical improvement following thymectomy. In MuSK+ MG, another profile of circulating miRNAs was found, including upregulation of the let-7 family of miRNAs. Here, we summarize the potential role of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers in general and in MG, and highlight important considerations for the analysis of circulating miRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rostedt Punga
- Department of Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tanel Punga
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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29
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Wang H, Xu W, Shao Q, Ding Q. miR-21 silencing ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by promoting the differentiation of IL-10-producing B cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:94069-94079. [PMID: 29212210 PMCID: PMC5706856 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-10-producing regulatory B (IL-10+ Breg) cells promote tolerance in autoimmune diseases and transplantation. However, it remains unclear whether microRNAs are involved in the development of IL-10+ Breg cells. Here, we found that microRNA-21 (miR-21) acts as an upstream regulator of IL-10 by targeting the 3' untranslated region of IL-10 mRNA. We also demonstrated that IL-10+ Breg cells exhibit lower miR-21 expression than non-Breg cells and that miR-21 acts as a potent negative regulator of the differentiation of IL-10+ Breg cells. Accordingly, specific inhibition of miR-21 using antisense oligonucleotides markedly promoted B cell IL-10 expression. Thus, IL-10 is a direct target of miR-21. Moreover, silencing of miR-21 significantly alleviated the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and this change was associated with an increase in the number of IL-10+ Breg cells. Finally, we demonstrated that miR-21-silenced B cells exert their suppressive activity through effector T cells in an IL-10-dependent manner. Thus, we characterized a B cell-intrinsic microRNA pathway that inhibits the differentiation of IL-10+ Breg cells and promotes autoimmunity. miR-21 silencing therefore represents a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Qixiang Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Qing Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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30
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Stimulation of osteoclast migration and bone resorption by C-C chemokine ligands 19 and 21. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e358. [PMID: 28729639 PMCID: PMC5565950 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are responsible for the bone erosion associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The upregulation of the chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 and their receptor CCR7 has been linked to RA pathogenesis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of CCL19 and CCL21 on osteoclasts and to reveal their underlying mechanisms. The expression of CCL19, CCL21 and CCR7 was higher in RA patients than in osteoarthritis patients. In differentiating osteoclasts, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and lipopolysaccharide stimulated CCR7 expression. CCL19 and CCL21 promoted osteoclast migration and resorption activity. These effects were dependent on the presence of CCR7 and abolished by the inhibition of the Rho signaling pathway. CCL19 and CCL21 promoted bone resorption by osteoclasts in an in vivo mice calvarial model. These findings demonstrate for the first time that CCL19, CCL21 and CCR7 play important roles in bone destruction by increasing osteoclast migration and resorption activity. This study also suggests that the interaction of CCL19 and CCL21 with CCR7 is an effective strategic focus in developing therapeutics for alleviating inflammatory bone destruction.
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31
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Nosalski R, McGinnigle E, Siedlinski M, Guzik TJ. Novel Immune Mechanisms in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2017; 11:12. [PMID: 28360962 PMCID: PMC5339316 DOI: 10.1007/s12170-017-0537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypertension is a common disorder with substantial impact on public health due to highly elevated cardiovascular risk. The mechanisms still remain unclear and treatments are not sufficient to reduce risk in majority of patients. Inflammatory mechanisms may provide an important mechanism linking hypertension and cardiovascular risk. We aim to review newly identified immune and inflammatory mechanisms of hypertension with focus on their potential therapeutic impact. RECENT FINDINGS In addition to the established role of the vasculature, kidneys and central nervous system in pathogenesis of hypertension, low-grade inflammation contributes to this disorder as indicated by experimental models and GWAS studies pointing to SH2B3 immune gene as top key driver of hypertension. Immune responses in hypertension are greatly driven by neoantigens generated by oxidative stress and modulated by chemokines such as RANTES, IP-10 and microRNAs including miR-21 and miR-155 with other molecules under investigation. Cells of both innate and adoptive immune system infiltrate vasculature and kidneys, affecting their function by releasing pro-inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species. SUMMARY Immune and inflammatory mechanisms of hypertension provide a link between high blood pressure and increased cardiovascular risk, and reduction of blood pressure without attention to these underlying mechanisms is not sufficient to reduce risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Nosalski
- BHF Centre for Excellence Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland UK
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Eilidh McGinnigle
- BHF Centre for Excellence Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland UK
| | - Mateusz Siedlinski
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz J. Guzik
- BHF Centre for Excellence Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland UK
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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32
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Teteloshvili N, Smigielska-Czepiel K, Yuan Y, Seitz A, de Jong D, Rutgers B, Jellema P, van der Lei RJ, Slezak-Prochazka I, Brouwer E, Boots AMH, Kroesen BJ, van den Berg A, Kluiver J. Argonaute 2 immunoprecipitation revealed large tumor suppressor kinase 1 as a novel proapoptotic target of miR-21 in T cells. FEBS J 2017; 284:555-567. [PMID: 28075055 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-21 is an important suppressor of T-cell apoptosis that is also overexpressed in many types of cancers. The exact mechanisms underlying the antiapoptotic effects of miR-21 are not well understood. In this study, we used the Jurkat T-cell line as a model to identify apoptosis-associated miR-21 target genes. We showed that expression of miR-21 rapidly increases upon αCD3/αCD28 activation of Jurkat cells. Inhibition of miR-21 reduced cell growth which could be explained by an increase in apoptosis. MicroRNA target gene identification by AGO2 RNA-immunoprecipitation followed by gene expression microarray (RIP-Chip) resulted in the identification of 72 predicted miR-21 target genes that were at least twofold enriched in the AGO2-IP fraction of miR-21 overexpressing cells. Of these, 71 were at least twofold more enriched in the AGO2-IP fraction of miR-21 overexpressing cells as compared to AGO2-IP fraction of control cells. The target gene for which the AGO2-IP enrichment was most prominently increased upon miR-21 overexpression was the proapoptotic protein LATS1. Luciferase reporter assays and western blot analysis confirmed targeting of LATS1 by miR-21. qRT-PCR analysis in primary T cells showed an inverse expression pattern between LATS1 transcript levels and miR-21 upon T-cell stimulation. Finally, LATS1 knockdown partially rescued the miR-21 inhibition-induced impaired cell growth. Collectively, these data identify LATS1 as a miR-21 target important for the antiapoptotic function of miR-21 in T cells and likely also in many types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nato Teteloshvili
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research initiative on healthy Ageing and Immune Longevity (GRAIL), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Smigielska-Czepiel
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research initiative on healthy Ageing and Immune Longevity (GRAIL), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Annika Seitz
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Debora de Jong
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bea Rutgers
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pytrick Jellema
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roelof Jan van der Lei
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Izabella Slezak-Prochazka
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Brouwer
- Groningen Research initiative on healthy Ageing and Immune Longevity (GRAIL), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke M H Boots
- Groningen Research initiative on healthy Ageing and Immune Longevity (GRAIL), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart-Jan Kroesen
- Groningen Research initiative on healthy Ageing and Immune Longevity (GRAIL), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anke van den Berg
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research initiative on healthy Ageing and Immune Longevity (GRAIL), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Kluiver
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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33
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), microRNA expression profiling consistently features disease-specific signatures, and microRNA-21 (miR-21) has been shown to be upregulated in the inflamed colon of patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the cellular sources of miR-21 expression in IBD tissues have not yet been identified. We sought to determine the expression levels of miR-21 and one of its downstream target genes, programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), in CD3 T cells isolated from the colonic mucosa of patients with active IBD, inactive IBD, and non-IBD controls. METHODS Colonic biopsies were treated with collagenase V. CD3 T cells were isolated using MACS CD3 positive selection. Total RNA was converted to cDNA. Real-time PCR reactions were performed with PCR primers for miR-21, SNORD95, PDCD4, and GAPDH. RESULTS The expression of miR-21 was statistically significantly downregulated in CD3 T cells from patients with UC in remission as compared to active disease (P = 0.0193). miR-21 negatively regulates PDCD4 expression. As predicted, the mRNA level of PCDC4 in CD3 T cells was upregulated in UC and Crohn's disease in remission as compared to active disease (UC active versus UC remission: P = 0.0008, Crohn's disease active versus Crohn's disease remission: P = 0.0215) and in patients with UC in remission as compared to healthy controls (P = 0.0226). CONCLUSIONS Although miR-21 expression is downregulated, PDCD4 is upregulated in CD3 T cells during the remission phase of UC. Our results indicate that miR-21 and related pathways in colonic T cells may play a role in limiting pathogenic T-cell responses and may constitute future target candidates to induce remission in UC.
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Chen SD, Sun XY, Niu W, Kong LM, He MJ, Fan HM, Li WS, Zhong AF, Zhang LY, Lu J. A preliminary analysis of microRNA-21 expression alteration after antipsychotic treatment in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2016; 244:324-32. [PMID: 27512922 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe and debilitating psychiatric disorder of unknown etiology, and its diagnosis is essentially based on clinical symptoms. Despite growing evidence on the relation of altered expression of miRNAs and schizophrenia, most patients with schizophrenia usually had an extensive antipsychotic treatment history before miRNA expression profile analysis, and the pharmacological effects on miRNA expression are largely unknown. To overcome these impediments, miRNA microarray analysis was performed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from patients with schizophrenia who were not on antipsychotic medication and healthy controls. Then, using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), we verified the top 10 miRNAs with the highest fold-change values from microarray analysis in 82 patients with schizophrenia and 43 healthy controls, and nine miRNAs demonstrated significant differences in expression levels. Finally, we compared these nine miRNA profiles before and after antipsychotic treatment. Our results revealed that serum miR-21 expression decreased strikingly in patients after antipsychotic treatment. The change of miR-21 expression was negatively correlated with improvement of positive, general psychopathology, and aggressiveness symptoms. This study preliminarily analyzed the possible changes in circulating miRNAs expression in response to antipsychotic medication for schizophrenia, and the molecular mechanisms of this needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Dong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; Department of Neurology, No. 102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yang Sun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Ping An Health Cloud Company Ltd. of China, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Niu
- Department of Rehabilitation, No. 102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Ming Kong
- Prevention and Treatment Center for Psychological Diseases, No. 102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Jun He
- Prevention and Treatment Center for Psychological Diseases, No. 102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Min Fan
- Cadre Ward, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Shuai Li
- GoPath Diagnostic Laboratory Co. Ltd, No. 801, Changwuzhong Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Fang Zhong
- Department of Laboratory, No. 102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Yi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; Prevention and Treatment Center for Psychological Diseases, No. 102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jim Lu
- GoPath Diagnostic Laboratory Co. Ltd, No. 801, Changwuzhong Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China; GoPath Laboratories LLC, 1351 Barclay Blvd, Buffalo Grove, IL 60089, United States.
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Hosseini A, Ghaedi K, Tanhaei S, Ganjalikhani-Hakemi M, Teimuri S, Etemadifar M, Nasr Esfahani MH. Upregulation of CD4+T-Cell Derived MiR-223 in The Relapsing Phase of Multiple Sclerosis Patients. CELL JOURNAL 2016; 18:371-80. [PMID: 27602319 PMCID: PMC5011325 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.4565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a class of non-coding RNAs which play key roles in
post-transcriptional gene regulation. Previous studies indicate that miRNAs are dysregulated in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Th17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells are two
subsets of CD4+T-cells which have critical functions in the onset and progression of MS.
The current study seeks to distinguish fluctuations in expression of CD4+T-cell derived
miR-223 during the relapsing-remitting (RR) phase of MS (RR-MS), as well as the expressions of Th17 and Treg cell markers.
Materials and Methods This experimental study used real-time quantitative polymerase
chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to evaluate CD4+ T cell derived miR-223 expression patterns
in patients that experienced either of the RR-MS phases (n=40) compared to healthy controls (n=12), along with RNA markers for Th17 and Treg cells. We conducted flow cytometry analyses of forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) and RAR-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) in
CD4+T-cells. Putative and validated targets of miR-223 were investigated in the miRWalk
and miRTarBase databases, respectively.
Results miR-223 significantly upregulated in CD4+T-cells during the relapsing phase of
RR-MS compared to the remitting phase (P=0.000) and healthy individuals (P=0.036).
Expression of RORγt, a master transcription factor of Th17, upregulated in the relapsing phase, whereas FOXP3 upregulated in the remitting phase. Additionally, potential
targets of miR-223, STAT1, FORKHEAD BOX O (FOXO1) and FOXO3 were predicted
by in silico studies.
Conclusion miR-223 may have a potential role in MS progression. Therefore, suppression of miR-223 can be proposed as an appropriate approach to control progression of the relapsing phase of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Hosseini
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Tanhaei
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Shohreh Teimuri
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoud Etemadifar
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
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The MicroRNA-21 in Autoimmune Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060864. [PMID: 27271606 PMCID: PMC4926398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is an oncomiR and significantly upregulated in a wide range of cancers. It is strongly involved in apoptosis and oncogenesis, since most of its reported targets are tumor suppressors. Recently, miR-21 was found to be correlated with the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and may play an essential role in regulating autoimmune responses. In particular, miR-21 promotes Th17 cell differentiation, which mediates the development of multiple autoimmune diseases. In this article, we review the current research on the mechanisms that regulate miR-21 expression, the potential of miR-21 as a diagnostic biomarker for autoimmune disease and the mechanisms by which miR-21 promotes the development of autoimmune disease. We also discussed the therapeutic potential of targeting miR-21 in treating patients with autoimmune disease.
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Xu XM, Zhang HJ. miRNAs as new molecular insights into inflammatory bowel disease: Crucial regulators in autoimmunity and inflammation. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:2206-2218. [PMID: 26900285 PMCID: PMC4734997 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i7.2206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic relapsing inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and includes two major phenotypes: ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. The pathogenesis of IBD is not fully understood as of yet. It is believed that IBD results from complicated interactions between environmental factors, genetic predisposition, and immune disorders. miRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that can regulate gene expression by targeting the 3′-untranslated region of specific mRNAs for degradation or translational inhibition. miRNAs are considered to play crucial regulatory roles in many biologic processes, such as immune cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis, and maintenance of immune homeostasis. Recently, aberrant expression of miRNAs was revealed to play an important role in autoimmune diseases, including IBD. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of how miRNAs regulate autoimmunity and inflammation by affecting the differentiation, maturation, and function of various immune cells. In particular, we focus on describing specific miRNA expression profiles in tissues and peripheral blood that may be associated with the pathogenesis of IBD. In addition, we summarize the opportunities for utilizing miRNAs as new biomarkers and as potential therapeutic targets in IBD.
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Evaluation of MicroRNAs Regulating Anoikis Pathways and Its Therapeutic Potential. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:716816. [PMID: 26587543 PMCID: PMC4637442 DOI: 10.1155/2015/716816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been implicated in almost every known survival mechanisms utilized by cancer cells. One of such mechanisms, anoikis resistance, plays a pivotal role in enabling metastasis by allowing cancer cells to circumvent cell death induced by lack of attachment. Understanding how miRNAs regulate the various anoikis pathways has become the research question of increasing number of studies published in the past years. Through these studies, a growing list of miRNAs has been identified to be important players in promoting either anoikis or resistance to anoikis. In this review, we will be focusing on these miRNAs and how the findings from those studies can contribute to novel therapeutic strategies against cancer progression. We will be examining miRNAs that have been found to promote anoikis sensitivity in numerous cancer types followed by miRNAs that inhibit anoikis. In addition, we will also be taking a look at major signaling pathways involved in the action of the each of these miRNAs to gain a better understanding on how miRNAs regulate anoikis.
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Teteloshvili N, Kluiver J, van der Geest KSM, van der Lei RJ, Jellema P, Pawelec G, Brouwer E, Kroesen BJ, Boots AMH, van den Berg A. Age-Associated Differences in MiRNA Signatures Are Restricted to CD45RO Negative T Cells and Are Associated with Changes in the Cellular Composition, Activation and Cellular Ageing. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137556. [PMID: 26360056 PMCID: PMC4567287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important players in the regulation of T-cell functionality. However, comprehensive insight into the extent of age-related miRNA changes in T cells is lacking. We established miRNA expression patterns of CD45RO- naïve and CD45RO+ memory T-cell subsets isolated from peripheral blood cells from young and elderly individuals. Unsupervised clustering of the miRNA expression data revealed an age-related clustering in the CD45RO- T cells, while CD45RO+ T cells clustered based on expression of CD4 and CD8. Seventeen miRNAs showed an at least 2-fold up- or downregulation in CD45RO- T cells obtained from young as compared to old donors. Validation on the same and independent samples revealed a statistically significant age-related upregulation of miR-21, miR-223 and miR-15a. In a T-cell subset analysis focusing on known age-related phenotypic changes, we showed significantly higher miR-21 and miR-223 levels in CD8+CD45RO-CCR7- TEMRA compared to CD45RO-CCR7+ TNAIVE-cells. Moreover, miR-21 but not miR-223 levels were significantly increased in CD45RO-CD31- post-thymic TNAIVE cells as compared to thymic CD45RO-CD31+ TNAIVE cells. Upon activation of CD45RO- TNAIVE cells we observed a significant induction of miR-21 especially in CD4+ T cells, while miR-223 levels significantly decreased only in CD4+ T cells. Besides composition and activation-induced changes, we showed a borderline significant increase in miR-21 levels upon an increasing number of population doublings in CD4+ T-cell clones. Together, our results show that ageing related changes in miRNA expression are dominant in the CD45RO- T-cell compartment. The differential expression patterns can be explained by age related changes in T-cell composition, i.e. accumulation of CD8+ TEMRA and CD4+ post-thymic expanded CD31- T cells and by cellular ageing, as demonstrated in a longitudinal clonal culture model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nato Teteloshvili
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Initiative on Healthy Ageing and Immune Longevity (GRAIL), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Kluiver
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kornelis S. M. van der Geest
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Initiative on Healthy Ageing and Immune Longevity (GRAIL), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roelof Jan van der Lei
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pytrick Jellema
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United KIngdom
| | - Elisabeth Brouwer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Initiative on Healthy Ageing and Immune Longevity (GRAIL), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart-Jan Kroesen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Initiative on Healthy Ageing and Immune Longevity (GRAIL), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke M. H. Boots
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Initiative on Healthy Ageing and Immune Longevity (GRAIL), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anke van den Berg
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Initiative on Healthy Ageing and Immune Longevity (GRAIL), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Reducing In-Stent Restenosis: Therapeutic Manipulation of miRNA in Vascular Remodeling and Inflammation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 65:2314-27. [PMID: 26022821 PMCID: PMC4444526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.03.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Drug-eluting stents reduce the incidence of in-stent restenosis, but they result in delayed arterial healing and are associated with a chronic inflammatory response and hypersensitivity reactions. Identifying novel interventions to enhance wound healing and reduce the inflammatory response may improve long-term clinical outcomes. Micro–ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are noncoding small ribonucleic acids that play a prominent role in the initiation and resolution of inflammation after vascular injury. Objectives This study sought to identify miRNA regulation and function after implantation of bare-metal and drug-eluting stents. Methods Pig, mouse, and in vitro models were used to investigate the role of miRNA in in-stent restenosis. Results We documented a subset of inflammatory miRNAs activated after stenting in pigs, including the miR-21 stem loop miRNAs. Genetic ablation of the miR-21 stem loop attenuated neointimal formation in mice post-stenting. This occurred via enhanced levels of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages coupled with an impaired sensitivity of smooth muscle cells to respond to vascular activation. Conclusions MiR-21 plays a prominent role in promoting vascular inflammation and remodeling after stent injury. MiRNA-mediated modulation of the inflammatory response post-stenting may have therapeutic potential to accelerate wound healing and enhance the clinical efficacy of stenting.
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Punga AR, Andersson M, Alimohammadi M, Punga T. Disease specific signature of circulating miR-150-5p and miR-21-5p in myasthenia gravis patients. J Neurol Sci 2015; 356:90-6. [PMID: 26095457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reliable biological markers for patients with the autoimmune neuromuscular disorder myasthenia gravis (MG) are lacking. We determined whether levels of the circulating immuno-microRNAs miR-150-5p and miR-21-5p were elevated in sera from clinically heterogeneous MG patients, with and without immunosuppression, as compared to healthy controls and patients with other autoimmune disorders. METHODS Sera from 71 MG patients and 55 healthy controls (HC) were analyzed for the expression levels of miR-150-5p and miR-21-5p with qRT-PCR. Sera were also assayed from 23 patients with other autoimmune disorders (AID; psoriasis, Addison's and Crohn's diseases). RESULTS 34 MG patients had no immunosuppressive drug treatment (MG-0) and 37 patients were under stable immunosuppressive drug treatment since ≥ 6 months (MG+IMM). Serum levels of miR-150-5p and miR-21-5p were higher in the MG-0 patients compared to HC (p<0.0001). Further, miR-150-5p levels were 41% lower and miR-21-5p levels were 25% lower in the MG+IMM compared to MG-0 (p=0.0051 and 0.0419). In the AID patients, mean miR-150-5p and miR-21-5p were comparable with healthy controls (p=0.66). CONCLUSIONS The immuno-microRNAs miR-150-5p and miR-21-5p show a disease specific signature, which suggests these microRNAs as possible biological autoimmune markers of MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rostedt Punga
- Department of Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | | | | - Tanel Punga
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Hu Y, Wang C, Li Y, Zhao J, Chen C, Zhou Y, Tao Y, Guo M, Qin N, Ren T, Wen Z, Xu L. MiR-21 controls in situ expansion of CCR6⁺ regulatory T cells through PTEN/AKT pathway in breast cancer. Immunol Cell Biol 2015; 93:753-64. [PMID: 25735723 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2015.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Our recent evidence showed that prior expansion of CCR6(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) was important for their dominant enrichment in tumor tissue, which was closely related to poor prognosis of breast cancer patients. However, the underlying regulation mechanism of expansion of CCR6(+) Tregs in situ remains largely unknown. In this study, we reported that miR-21 was highly expressed in CCR6(+) Tregs in tumor tissues from a murine breast cancer model. And silencing of miR-21 could significantly reduce the proliferation of CCR6(+) Tregs in vitro. Adoptive cell-transfer assay further showed that silencing of miR-21 could alter the enrichment of CCR6(+) Tregs in the tumor mass and endow effectively antitumor effect of CD8(+) T cells using a murine breast cancer model. Mechanistic evidence showed that silencing of miR-21 enhanced the expression of its target phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) and subsequently altered the activation of Akt pathway, which was ultimately responsible for reduced proliferation activity of CCR6(+) Tregs. Finally, we further revealed that miR-21 was also highly expressed on CCR6(+) Tregs in clinical breast cancer patients. Therefore, miR-21 can act as a fine tuner in the regulation of PTEN/Akt pathway transduction in the expansion of CCR6(+) Tregs in tumor sites and provided a novel insight into the development of therapeutic strategies for promoting T-cell immunity by regulating distinct subset of Tregs through targeting specific miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou, China
| | - Chunhong Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongju Li
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Department of Medical Physics, Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou, China
| | - Yijin Tao
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou, China
| | - Nalin Qin
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenke Wen
- Institute for Immunobiology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou, China
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Altered microRNA Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Young Patients with Schizophrenia. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 56:562-71. [PMID: 25665552 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a debilitating psychotic disorder of unknown etiology, and the diagnosis is essentially based on clinical symptoms. So it is urgent to find an objective and feasible clinical diagnostic index for SZ. MicroRNA array was performed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from young SZ patients and gender-, age-, and ethnicity-matched healthy controls. Then, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the top 10 microRNAs (miRNAs) with the highest fold change values in 55 SZ patients and 28 healthy controls, and 9 miRNAs demonstrate significant differences in expression levels (P < 0.01). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the combining area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the nine miRNAs was 0.973 (95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.945-1.000). miRNA target gene prediction and functional annotation analysis showed that there were significant enrichments in several gene ontology (GO) biological process and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways associated with nervous system and brain functions, suggesting that the differentially expressed miRNAs may be involved in mechanism of SZ. We conclude that altered expression of miRNAs in PMBCs might be involved in young SZ pathogenesis and may serve as noninvasive biomarker for SZ diagnosis.
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Kroesen BJ, Teteloshvili N, Smigielska-Czepiel K, Brouwer E, Boots AMH, van den Berg A, Kluiver J. Immuno-miRs: critical regulators of T-cell development, function and ageing. Immunology 2015; 144:1-10. [PMID: 25093579 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are instrumental to many aspects of immunity, including various levels of T-cell immunity. Over the last decade, crucial immune functions were shown to be regulated by specific miRNAs. These 'immuno-miRs' regulate generic cell biological processes in T cells, such as proliferation and apoptosis, as well as a number of T-cell-specific features that are fundamental to the development, differentiation and function of T cells. In this review, we give an overview of the current literature with respect to the role of miRNAs at various stages of T-cell development, maturation, differentiation, activation and ageing. Little is known about the involvement of miRNAs in thymic T-cell development, although miR-181a and miR-150 have been implicated herein. In contrast, several broadly expressed miRNAs including miR-21, miR-155 and miR-17~92, have now been shown to regulate T-cell activation. Other miRNAs, including miR-146a, show a more T-cell-subset-specific expression pattern and are involved in the regulation of processes unique to that specific T-cell subset. Importantly, differences in the miRNA target gene repertoires of different T-cell subsets allow similar miRNAs to control different T-cell-subset-specific functions. Interestingly, several of the here described immuno-miRs have also been implicated in T-cell ageing and there are clear indications for causal involvement of miRNAs in immunosenescence. It is concluded that immuno-miRs have a dynamic regulatory role in many aspects of T-cell differentiation, activation, function and ageing. An important notion when studying miRNAs in relation to T-cell biology is that specific immuno-miRs may have quite unrelated functions in closely related T-cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart-Jan Kroesen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Sheedy FJ. Turning 21: Induction of miR-21 as a Key Switch in the Inflammatory Response. Front Immunol 2015; 6:19. [PMID: 25688245 PMCID: PMC4310327 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-21 is one of the most highly expressed members of the small non-coding microRNA family in many mammalian cell types. Its expression is further enhanced in many diseased states including solid tumors, cardiac injury, and inflamed tissue. While the induction of miR-21 by inflammatory stimuli cells has been well documented in both hematopoietic cells of the immune system (particularly monocytes/macrophages but also dendritic and T-cells) and non-hematopoietic tumorigenic cells, the exact functional outcome of this elevated miR-21 is less obvious. Recent studies have confirmed a key role for miR-21 in the resolution of inflammation and in negatively regulating the pro-inflammatory response induced by many of the same stimuli that trigger miR-21 induction itself. In particular, miR-21 has emerged as a key mediator of the anti-inflammatory response in macrophages. This suggests that miR-21 inhibition in leukocytes will promote inflammation and may enhance current therapies for defective immune responses such as cancer, mycobacterial vaccines, or Th2-associated allergic inflammation. At the same time, miR-21 has been shown to promote inflammatory mediators in non-hematopoietic cells resulting in neoplastic transformation. This review will focus on functional studies of miR-21 during inflammation, which is complicated by the numerous molecular targets and processes that have emerged as miR-21 sensitive. It may be that the exact functional outcome of miR-21 is determined by multiple features including the cell type affected, the inducing signal, the transcriptomic profile of the cell, which ultimately affect the availability and ability to engage different target mRNAs and bring about its unique responses. Reviewing this data may illustrate that RNA-based oligonucleotide therapies for different diseases based upon miR-21 may have to target the unique and operative miRNA:mRNA interactions’ functionally active in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick J Sheedy
- TB Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
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46
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Karnati HK, Raghuwanshi S, Sarvothaman S, Gutti U, Saladi RGV, Komati JK, Tummala PR, Gutti RK. microRNAs: Key Players in Hematopoiesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 887:171-211. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22380-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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47
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Duran-Figueroa N, Badillo-Corona JA, Naisbitt DJ, Castrejon-Flores JL. Towards the development of mechanism-based biomarkers to diagnose drug hypersensitivity. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00238e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cells are activated by different mechanisms in the presence of drugs, metabolites or haptens, and they release several molecules that can be used in the diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Duran-Figueroa
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología
- Mexico City
- Mexico
| | - J. A. Badillo-Corona
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología
- Mexico City
- Mexico
| | - D. J. Naisbitt
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science
- Department of Pharmacology
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool
- UK
| | - J. L. Castrejon-Flores
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología
- Mexico City
- Mexico
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48
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van der Geest KSM, Smigielska-Czepiel K, Park JA, Abdulahad WH, Kim HW, Kroesen BJ, van den Berg A, Boots AMH, Lee EB, Brouwer E. SF Treg cells transcribing high levels of Bcl-2 and microRNA-21 demonstrate limited apoptosis in RA. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014; 54:950-8. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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49
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Moran TP, Nakano H, Kondilis-Mangum HD, Wade PA, Cook DN. Epigenetic control of Ccr7 expression in distinct lineages of lung dendritic cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:4904-13. [PMID: 25297875 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive immune responses to inhaled allergens are induced following CCR7-dependent migration of precursor of dendritic cell (pre-DC)-derived conventional DCs (cDCs) from the lung to regional lymph nodes. However, monocyte-derived (moDCs) in the lung express very low levels of Ccr7 and consequently do not migrate efficiently to LN. To investigate the molecular mechanisms that underlie this dichotomy, we studied epigenetic modifications at the Ccr7 locus of murine cDCs and moDCs. When expanded from bone marrow precursors, moDCs were enriched at the Ccr7 locus for trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3), a modification associated with transcriptional repression. Similarly, moDCs prepared from the lung also displayed increased levels of H3K27me3 at the Ccr7 promoter compared with migratory cDCs from that organ. Analysis of DC progenitors revealed that epigenetic modification of Ccr7 does not occur early during DC lineage commitment because monocytes and pre-DCs both had low levels of Ccr7-associated H3K27me3. Rather, Ccr7 is gradually silenced during the differentiation of monocytes to moDCs. Thus, epigenetic modifications of the Ccr7 locus control the migration and therefore the function of DCs in vivo. These findings suggest that manipulating epigenetic mechanisms might be a novel approach to control DC migration and thereby improve DC-based vaccines and treat inflammatory diseases of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Moran
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Hideki Nakano
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709; and
| | - Hrisavgi D Kondilis-Mangum
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Paul A Wade
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Donald N Cook
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709; and
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50
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Carissimi C, Carucci N, Colombo T, Piconese S, Azzalin G, Cipolletta E, Citarella F, Barnaba V, Macino G, Fulci V. miR-21 is a negative modulator of T-cell activation. Biochimie 2014; 107 Pt B:319-26. [PMID: 25304039 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs acting as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and play fundamental roles in regulating immune response and autoimmunity. We show that memory T-lymphocytes express higher levels of miR-21 compared to naïve T-lymphocytes and that miR-21 expression is induced upon TCR engagement of naïve T-cells. We identify bona fide miR-21 targets by direct immuno-purification and profiling of AGO2-associated mRNAs in Jurkat cells over-expressing miR-21. Our analysis shows that, in T-lymphocytes, miR-21 targets genes are involved in signal transduction. Coherently, TCR signalling is dampened upon miR-21 over-expression in Jurkat cells, resulting in lower ERK phosphorylation, AP-1 activation and CD69 expression. Primary human lymphocytes in which we impaired miR-21 activity, display IFN-γ production enhancement and stronger activation in response to TCR engagement as assessed by CD69, OX40, CD25 and CD127 analysis. By intracellular staining of the endogenous protein in primary T-lymphocytes we validate three key regulators of lymphocyte activation as novel miR-21 targets. Our results highlight an unexpected function of miR-21 as a negative modulator of signal transduction downstream of TCR in T-lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Carissimi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Cellulari ed Ematologia, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Carucci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Cellulari ed Ematologia, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Italy
| | - Teresa Colombo
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Cellulari ed Ematologia, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Italy
| | - Silvia Piconese
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Italy
| | - Gianluca Azzalin
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Cellulari ed Ematologia, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Italy
| | - Emanuela Cipolletta
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Cellulari ed Ematologia, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Italy
| | - Franca Citarella
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Cellulari ed Ematologia, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Barnaba
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Macino
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Cellulari ed Ematologia, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Italy
| | - Valerio Fulci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Cellulari ed Ematologia, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Italy.
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