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Cardoso IR, de Lima CS, dos Reis RB, Pinto ACA, Pissinatti T, Kugelmeier T, Neto SFDC, da Silva FA, Santos HLC. Occurrence of Free-Living Amoebae in Non-Human Primate Gut. Trop Med Infect Dis 2024; 9:108. [PMID: 38787041 PMCID: PMC11125615 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9050108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome reflects health and predicts possible disease in hosts. A holistic view of this community is needed, focusing on identifying species and dissecting how species interact with their host and each other, regardless of whether their presence is beneficial, inconsequential, or detrimental. The distribution of gut-associated eukaryotes within and across non-human primates is likely driven by host behavior and ecology. To ascertain the existence of free-living amoebae (FLA) in the gut of wild and captive non-human primates, 101 stool samples were collected and submitted to culture-dependent microscopy examination and DNA sequencing. Free-living amoebae were detected in 45.4% (46/101) of fecal samples analyzed, and their morphological characteristics matched those of Acanthamoeba spp., Vermamoeba spp., heterolobosean amoeboflagellates and fan-shaped amoebae of the family Vannellidae. Sequence analysis of the PCR products revealed that the suspected amoebae are highly homologous (99% identity and 100% query coverage) with Acanthamoeba T4 genotype and Vermamoeba vermiformis amoebae. The results showed a great diversity of amoebae in the non-human primate's microbiome, which may pose a potential risk to the health of NHPs. To our knowledge, this is the first report of free-living amoebae in non-human primates that are naturally infected. However, it is unknown whether gut-borne amoebae exploit a viable ecological niche or are simply transient residents in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Rodrigues Cardoso
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (I.R.C.); (C.S.d.L.); (R.B.d.R.)
| | - Clezia Siqueira de Lima
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (I.R.C.); (C.S.d.L.); (R.B.d.R.)
- Instituto de Saúde de Nova Friburgo, da Universidade Federal Fluminense, Nova Friburgo 28625-650, Brazil
| | - Rhagner Bonono dos Reis
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (I.R.C.); (C.S.d.L.); (R.B.d.R.)
| | - Ana Cristina Araujo Pinto
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biomodelos/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 26382-462, Brazil; (A.C.A.P.); (T.P.); (T.K.); (F.A.d.S.)
| | - Thalita Pissinatti
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biomodelos/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 26382-462, Brazil; (A.C.A.P.); (T.P.); (T.K.); (F.A.d.S.)
| | - Tatiana Kugelmeier
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biomodelos/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 26382-462, Brazil; (A.C.A.P.); (T.P.); (T.K.); (F.A.d.S.)
| | | | - Fabio Alves da Silva
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biomodelos/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 26382-462, Brazil; (A.C.A.P.); (T.P.); (T.K.); (F.A.d.S.)
| | - Helena Lúcia Carneiro Santos
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (I.R.C.); (C.S.d.L.); (R.B.d.R.)
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Siegel NA, Jimenez MT, Rocha CS, Rolston M, Dandekar S, Solnick JV, Miller LA. Helicobacter pylori infection in infant rhesus macaque monkeys is associated with an altered lung and oral microbiome. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9998. [PMID: 38693196 PMCID: PMC11063185 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59514-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that more than half of the world population has been infected with Helicobacter pylori. Most newly acquired H. pylori infections occur in children before 10 years of age. We hypothesized that early life H. pylori infection could influence the composition of the microbiome at mucosal sites distant to the stomach. To test this hypothesis, we utilized the infant rhesus macaque monkey as an animal model of natural H. pylori colonization to determine the impact of infection on the lung and oral microbiome during a window of postnatal development. From a cohort of 4-7 month-old monkeys, gastric biopsy cultures identified 44% of animals infected by H. pylori. 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of lung washes and buccal swabs from animals showed distinct profiles for the lung and oral microbiome, independent of H. pylori infection. In order of relative abundance, the lung microbiome was dominated by the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Fusobacteriota, Campilobacterota and Actinobacteriota while the oral microbiome was dominated by Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Fusobacteriota. In comparison to the oral cavity, the lung was composed of more genera and species that significantly differed by H. pylori status, with a total of 6 genera and species that were increased in H. pylori negative infant monkey lungs. Lung, but not plasma IL-8 concentration was also associated with gastric H. pylori load and lung microbial composition. We found the infant rhesus macaque monkey lung harbors a microbiome signature that is distinct from that of the oral cavity during postnatal development. Gastric H. pylori colonization and IL-8 protein were linked to the composition of microbial communities in the lung and oral cavity. Collectively, these findings provide insight into how H. pylori infection might contribute to the gut-lung axis during early childhood and modulate future respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah A Siegel
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Monica T Jimenez
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Clarissa Santos Rocha
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Rolston
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Satya Dandekar
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jay V Solnick
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lisa A Miller
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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Siegel NA, Jimenez MT, Rocha CS, Rolston M, Dandekar S, Solnick JV, Miller LA. Helicobacter pylori Infection in Infant Rhesus Macaque Monkeys is Associated with an Altered Lung and Oral Microbiome. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3225953. [PMID: 37609264 PMCID: PMC10441512 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3225953/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Background It is estimated that more than half of the world population has been infected with Helicobacter pylori. Most newly acquired H. pylori infections occur in children before 10 years of age. We hypothesized that early life H. pylori infection could influence the composition of the microbiome at mucosal sites distant to the stomach. To test this hypothesis, we utilized the infant rhesus macaque monkey as an animal model of natural H. pylori colonization to determine the impact of infection on the lung and oral microbiome during a window of postnatal development. Results From a cohort of 4-7-month-old monkeys, gastric biopsy cultures identified 44% of animals infected by H. pylori. 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of lung washes and buccal swabs from animals showed distinct profiles for the lung and oral microbiome, independent of H. pylori infection. In relative order of abundance, the lung microbiome was dominated by the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Fusobacteriota, Campilobacterota and Actinobacteriota while the oral microbiome was dominated by Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Fusobacteriota. Relative to the oral cavity, the lung was composed of more genera and species that significantly differed by H. pylori status, with a total of 6 genera and species that were increased in H. pylori negative infant monkey lungs. Lung, but not plasma IL-8 concentration was also associated with gastric H. pylori load and lung microbial composition. Conclusions We found the infant rhesus macaque monkey lung harbors a microbiome signature that is distinct from that of the oral cavity during postnatal development. Gastric H. pylori colonization and IL-8 protein were linked to the composition of microbial communities in the lung and oral cavity. Collectively, these findings provide insight into how H. pylori infection might contribute to the gut-lung axis during early childhood and modulate future respiratory health.
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Fiorani M, Tohumcu E, Del Vecchio LE, Porcari S, Cammarota G, Gasbarrini A, Ianiro G. The Influence of Helicobacter pylori on Human Gastric and Gut Microbiota. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040765. [PMID: 37107126 PMCID: PMC10135037 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that is able to colonize the human stomach, whose high prevalence has a major impact on human health, due to its association with several gastric and extra-gastric disorders, including gastric cancer. The gastric microenvironment is deeply affected by H. pylori colonization, with consequent effects on the gastrointestinal microbiota, exerted via the regulation of various factors, including gastric acidity, host immune responses, antimicrobial peptides, and virulence factors. The eradication therapy required to treat H. pylori infection can also have detrimental consequences for the gut microbiota, leading to a decreased alpha diversity. Notably, therapy regimens integrated with probiotics have been shown to reduce the negative effects of antibiotic therapy on the gut microbiota. These eradication therapies combined with probiotics have also higher rates of eradication, when compared to standard treatments, and are associated with reduced side effects, improving the patient's compliance. In light of the deep impact of gut microbiota alterations on human health, the present article aims to provide an overview of the complex interaction between H. pylori and the gastrointestinal microbiota, focusing also on the consequences of eradication therapies and the effects of probiotic supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Fiorani
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ege Tohumcu
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Livio Enrico Del Vecchio
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Porcari
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Gastric bacteria as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of atrophic gastritis. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:655-664. [PMID: 36371556 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of the risk factors for atrophic gastritis (AG) and prevention of further deterioration of the gastritis are effective approaches to reduce the incidence of gastric cancer. Previous studies found that dysbiosis has been implicated in a wide range of diseases, while the role of gastric bacteria as a biomarker for AG has not been explored. METHODS AND RESULTS Gastric juices from cases with non-atrophic gastritis (NAG) and AG were collected for investigation of bacterial composition and function. The β-diversity of microbiota exhibited a significant reduction in AG samples compared with that in NAG samples. Differential abundance analysis revealed that a total of 23 predicted species changed their distributions; meanwhile, all obligate anaerobic bacteria with a relatively high abundance lowered their contents in AG samples. Additionally, the correlation analysis indicated a clear shift in bacterial correlation pattern between the two groups. Functional interrogation of the gastric microbiota showed that bacterial metabolisms associated with enzyme families, digestive system, and endocrine system were downregulated in AG samples. The compositional dissection of "core microbiota" exhibited that oral pathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Campylobacter gracilis, and Granulicatella elegans, were magnified in AG samples, suggesting that oral diseases may be a trigger factor for early exacerbation of gastritis. Then, the differentially expressed bacteria were used as diagnostic biomarkers for the random forest classifier model for group prediction. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that bacterial biomarkers could distinguish AG patients from NAG cases with an accuracy of 90% at the genus level.
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Chen CC, Liou JM, Lee YC, Hong TC, El-Omar EM, Wu MS. The interplay between Helicobacter pylori and gastrointestinal microbiota. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1-22. [PMID: 33938378 PMCID: PMC8096336 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1909459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex population of microbes in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract interacts with itself and with the host, exerting a deep influence on health and disease development. The development of modern sequencing technology has enabled us to gain insight into GI microbes. Helicobacter pylori colonization significantly affects the gastric microenvironment, which in turn affects gastric microbiota and may be correlated with colonic microbiota changes. Crosstalk between H. pylori and GI commensal flora may play a role in H. pylori-related carcinogenicity and extragastric manifestations. We review current knowledge on how H. pylori shapes GI microbiota with a specific focus on its impact on the stomach and colon. We also review current evidence on colonic microbiota changes attributed to eradication therapy based on the clinical studies performed to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Chang Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,CONTACT Ming-Shiang Wu
| | - Jyh-Ming Liou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,Jyh-Ming Liou Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chan Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Emad M El-Omar
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George & Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,M El-Omar St George Hospital, Short St, Kogarah NSW 2217, UNSW SYDNEY, NSW 2052 Australia; Microbiome Research Centre, St George & Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,CONTACT Ming-Shiang Wu
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Marini RP, Patterson MM, Muthupalani S, Feng Y, Holcombe H, Swennes AG, Ducore R, Whary MM, Shen Z, Fox JG. Helicobacter suis and Helicobacter pylori infection in a colony of research macaques: characterization and clinical correlates. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 33475481 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Helicobacter suis (Helicobacter heilmannii type 1) commonly infects nonhuman primates but its clinical importance is in question.Aim. To characterize H. suis infection in a colony of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) used in cognitive neuroscience research.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Inquiries into the nature of Helicobacter suis in nonhuman primates are required to further define the organism's virulence and the experimental animal's gastric microbiome.Methodology. Animals with and without clinical signs of vomiting and abdominal pain (n=5 and n=16, respectively) were evaluated by histology, culture, PCR amplification and sequencing, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and serology. Three of the five animals with clinical signs, an index case and two others, were evaluated before and after antimicrobial therapy.Results. The index animal had endoscopically visible ulcers and multifocal, moderate, chronic lymphoplasmacytic gastritis with intraglandular and luminal spiral bacteria. Antimicrobial therapy in the index animal achieved histologic improvement, elimination of endoscopically visible ulcers, and evident eradication but clinical signs persisted. In the other treated animals, gastritis scores were not consistently altered, gastric bacteria persisted, but vomiting and abdominal discomfort abated.Nineteen of 21 animals were PCR positive for H. suis and five animals were also PCR positive for H. pylori. Organisms were detected by FISH in 17 of 21 animals: 16S rRNA sequences of two of these were shown to be H. suis. Mild to moderate lymphoplasmacytic gastritis was seen in antrum, body and cardia, with antral gastritis more likely to be moderate than that of the body.Conclusion. No clear association between the bacterial numbers of Helicobacter spp. and the degree of inflammation was observed. H. suis is prevalent in this colony of Macaca mulatta but its clinical importance remains unclear. This study corroborates many of the findings in earlier studies of H. suis infection in macaques but also identifies at least one animal in which gastritis and endoscopically visible gastric ulcers were strongly associated with H. suis infection. In this study, serology was an inadequate biomarker for endoscopic evaluation in diagnosis of H. suis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Marini
- The Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Bldg 16-825, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mary M Patterson
- The Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Bldg 16-825, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sureshkumar Muthupalani
- The Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Bldg 16-825, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yan Feng
- The Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Bldg 16-825, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hilda Holcombe
- The Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Bldg 16-825, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alton G Swennes
- The Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Bldg 16-825, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca Ducore
- The Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Bldg 16-825, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark M Whary
- The Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Bldg 16-825, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zeli Shen
- The Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Bldg 16-825, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James G Fox
- The Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Bldg 16-825, Cambridge, MA, USA
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The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension (JSH 2019). Hypertens Res 2020; 42:1235-1481. [PMID: 31375757 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-019-0284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 989] [Impact Index Per Article: 247.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Chen T, Li Y, Liang J, Li Y, Huang Z. Variations in the gut microbiota of sympatric François’ langurs and rhesus macaques living in limestone forests in southwest Guangxi, China. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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10
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Yang YJ, Chen PC, Lai FP, Tsai PJ, Sheu BS. Probiotics-Containing Yogurt Ingestion and H. pylori Eradication Can Restore Fecal Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Dysbiosis in H. pylori-Infected Children. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8060146. [PMID: 32492860 PMCID: PMC7344718 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8060146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the compositional differences in fecal microbiota between children with and without H. pylori infection and tested whether probiotics-containing yogurt and bacterial eradication improve H. pylori-related dysbiosis. Ten H. pylori-infected children and 10 controls ingested probiotics-containing yogurt for 4 weeks. Ten-day triple therapy plus yogurt was given to the infected children on the 4th week. Fecal samples were collected at enrollment, after yogurt ingestion, and 4 weeks after successful H. pylori eradication for cytokines and microbiota analysis using ELISA and metagenomic sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, respectively. The results showed H. pylori-infected children had significantly higher levels of fecal TGF-β1 than those who were not infected. Eight of 295 significantly altered OTUs in the H. pylori-infected children were identified. Among them, the abundance of F. prausnitzii was significantly lower in the H. pylori-infected children, and then increased after yogurt ingestion and successful bacterial eradication. We further confirmed probiotics promoted F. prausnitzii growth in vitro and in ex vivo using real-time PCR. Moreover, F. prausnitzii supernatant significantly ameliorated lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-8 in HT-29 cells. In conclusions, Probiotics-containing yogurt ingestion and H. pylori eradication can restore the decrease of fecal F. prausnitzii in H. pylori-infected children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Jong Yang
- Departments of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan; (Y.-J.Y.); (F.-P.L.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan;
| | - Peng-Chieh Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan;
| | - Fu-Ping Lai
- Departments of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan; (Y.-J.Y.); (F.-P.L.)
| | - Pei-Jane Tsai
- Departments of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Shyang Sheu
- Departments of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan
- Internal Medicine & Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-235-3535 (ext. 5368); Fax: +886-6-237-0941
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Garcia-Castillo V, Marcial G, Albarracín L, Tomokiyo M, Clua P, Takahashi H, Kitazawa H, Garcia-Cancino A, Villena J. The Exopolysaccharide of Lactobacillus fermentum UCO-979C Is Partially Involved in Its Immunomodulatory Effect and Its Ability to Improve the Resistance against Helicobacter pylori Infection. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040479. [PMID: 32230910 PMCID: PMC7232353 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus fermentum UCO-979C (Lf979C) beneficially modulates the cytokine response of gastric epithelial cells and macrophages after Helicobacter pylori infection in vitro. Nevertheless, no in vivo studies were performed with this strain to confirm its beneficial immunomodulatory effects. This work evaluated whether Lf979C improves protection against H. pylori infection in mice by modulating the innate immune response. In addition, we evaluated whether its exopolysaccharide (EPS) was involved in its beneficial effects. Lf979C significantly reduced TNF-α, IL-8, and MCP-1 and augmented IFN-γ and IL-10 in the gastric mucosa of H. pylori-infected mice. The differential cytokine profile induced by Lf979C in H. pylori-infected mice correlated with an improved reduction in the pathogen gastric colonization and protection against inflammatory damage. The purified EPS of Lf979C reduced IL-8 and enhanced IL-10 levels in the gastric mucosa of infected mice, while no effect was observed for IFN-γ. This work demonstrates for the first time the in vivo ability of Lf979C to increase resistance against H. pylori infection by modulating the gastric innate immune response. In addition, we advanced knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of Lf979C by demonstrating that its EPS is partially responsible for its immunomodulatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Garcia-Castillo
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenicity, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion Bio Bio 4030000, Chile;
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman CP4000, Argentina; (G.M.); (L.A.); (P.C.)
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan;
| | - Guillermo Marcial
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman CP4000, Argentina; (G.M.); (L.A.); (P.C.)
| | - Leonardo Albarracín
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman CP4000, Argentina; (G.M.); (L.A.); (P.C.)
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan;
- Laboratory of Computing Science. Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology. Tucuman University, Tucuman CP4000, Argentina
| | - Mikado Tomokiyo
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan;
| | - Patricia Clua
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman CP4000, Argentina; (G.M.); (L.A.); (P.C.)
| | - Hideki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan;
- Plant Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan;
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (A.G.-C.); (J.V.)
| | - Apolinaria Garcia-Cancino
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenicity, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion Bio Bio 4030000, Chile;
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (A.G.-C.); (J.V.)
| | - Julio Villena
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman CP4000, Argentina; (G.M.); (L.A.); (P.C.)
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan;
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (A.G.-C.); (J.V.)
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12
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Chen T, Li Y, Liang J, Li Y, Huang Z. Gut microbiota of provisioned and wild rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) living in a limestone forest in southwest Guangxi, China. Microbiologyopen 2019; 9:e981. [PMID: 31880067 PMCID: PMC7066464 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays an important role in animal health and is strongly affected by the environment. Captivity and human source food have been shown to influence drastically the gut microbiota composition and function of wild animals. Therefore, in the present study, the gut microbiota of provisioned and wild populations of limestone‐living rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were compared using high‐throughput 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses. The results indicated that provisioned macaques had a higher microbial richness than wild macaques, but there was no significant difference in the evenness of the gut microbiota between the two populations. Provisioned macaques also showed a higher abundance of Firmicutes and a lower abundance of Bacteroidetes than wild macaques. Functional analysis revealed that wild macaques had enriched microbial pathways involved in glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, transport and catabolism, and the digestive and endocrine systems, while provisioned macaques were richer in pathways associated with signaling molecules and interaction, neurodegenerative diseases. These differences were likely due to modification of the gut microbiota of the provisioned macaques to enable the digestion of new foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Yuhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Jipeng Liang
- Administration of Guangxi Chongzuo White-headed Langur National Nature Reserve, Chongzuo, China
| | - Youbang Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Zhonghao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
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13
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Berlamont H, Smet A, De Bruykere S, Boyen F, Ducatelle R, Haesebrouck F, De Witte C. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Helicobacter suis isolates from pigs and macaques. Vet Microbiol 2019; 239:108459. [PMID: 31767067 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter suis is a fastidious, Gram negative bacterium that colonizes the stomach of pigs and non-human primates. It has also been associated with gastric disease in humans. A combined agar and broth dilution method was used to analyze the activity of 15 antimicrobial agents against 20 and 15 H. suis isolates obtained from pigs and macaques, respectively. After 48 h microaerobic incubation, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by software-assisted calculation of bacterial growth as determined by quantitative real-time PCR. A monomodal distribution of MICs was seen for β-lactam antibiotics, macrolides, gentamicin, neomycin, doxycycline, metronidazole, and rifampicin. Presence of a bimodal distribution of MICs indicated that 2 porcine isolates did not belong to the wild type population (WTP) for fluoroquinolones. This was also the case for 1 porcine isolate for tetracycline, 1 porcine and 2 primate isolates for lincomycin, and 1 primate isolate for spectinomycin. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were present in the gyrA gene of the isolates not belonging to the WTP for fluoroquinolones and in ribosomal protein encoding genes of the isolates not belonging to the WTP for tetracycline and spectinomycin. MICs of ampicillin, tetracycline and doxycycline were higher for porcine H. suis isolates compared to primate isolates and in these porcine isolates SNPs were detected in genes encoding penicillin binding and ribosomal proteins. This study indicates that acquired resistance occasionally occurs in H. suis isolates and that zoonotically important porcine isolates may be intrinsically less susceptible to β-lactam antibiotics and tetracyclines than primate isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Berlamont
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - A Smet
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - S De Bruykere
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - F Boyen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - R Ducatelle
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - F Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - C De Witte
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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14
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Microbial carcinogenesis: Lactic acid bacteria in gastric cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1872:188309. [PMID: 31394110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
While Helicobacter pylori is a fundamental risk factor, gastric cancer (GC) aetiology involves combined effects of microbial (both H. pylori and non-H. pylori), host and environmental factors. Significant differences exist between the gastric microbiome of those with gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and GC, suggesting that dysbiosis in the stomach is dynamic and correlates with progression to GC. Most notably, a consistent increase in abundance of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has been observed in GC patients including Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Lactococcus. This review summarises how LAB can influence GC by a number of mechanisms that include supply of exogenous lactate -a fuel source for cancer cells that promotes inflammation, angiogenesis, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and immune evasion-, production of reactive oxygen species and N-nitroso compounds, as well as anti-H. pylori properties that enable colonization by other non-H. pylori carcinogenic pathobionts.
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15
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Liang W, Yang Y, Wang H, Wang H, Yu X, Lu Y, Shen S, Teng L. Gut microbiota shifts in patients with gastric cancer in perioperative period. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16626. [PMID: 31464899 PMCID: PMC6736490 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the common malignant tumors in China, with a high morbidity and mortality. With the development and application of high-throughput sequencing technologies and metagenomics, a great quantity of studies have shown that gastrointestinal microbiota is closely related to digestive system diseases. Although some studies have reported the effect of long-term follow-up after subtotal gastrectomy on intestinal flora changes in patients with GC. However, the features of gut microbiota and their shifts in patients with GC in perioperative period remain unclear.This study was designed to characterize fecal microbiota shifts of the patients with GC before and after the radical distal gastrectomy (RDG) during their hospital staying periods. Furthermore, fecal microbiota was also compared between the GC patients and healthy individuals.Patients who were diagnosed with advanced gastric adenocarcinoma at distal stomach were enrolled in the study. The bacterial burden within fecal samples was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. To analyze the diversity and composition of gut microbiota from fecal DNA of 20 GC patients and 22 healthy controls, amplicons of the 16S rRNA gene from all subjects were pyrosequenced. To study gut microbiota shifts, the fecal microbiota from 6 GC patients before and after RDG was detected and subsequently analyzed. Short-chain fatty acids were also detected by chromatography spectrometer in these 6 GC patients.RDG had a moderate effect on bacterial richness and evenness, but had pronounced effects on the composition of postoperative gut microbiota compared with preoperative group. The relative abundances of genera Akkermansia, Esherichia/Shigella, Lactobacillus, and Dialister were significant changed in perioperative period. Remarkably, higher abundances of Escherichia/Shigella, Veillonella, and Clostridium XVIII and lower abundances of Bacteroides were observed in gut microbiota of overall GC patients compared to healthy controls.This study is the first study to characterize the altered gut microbiota within fecal samples from GC patients during perioperative period, and provide a new insights on such microbial perturbations as a potential effector of perioperative period phenotype. Further research must validate these discoveries and may evaluate targeted microbiota shifts to improve outcomes in GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | - Shengrong Shen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Pero R, Brancaccio M, Laneri S, Biasi MGD, Lombardo B, Scudiero O. A Novel View of Human Helicobacter pylori Infections: Interplay between Microbiota and Beta-Defensins. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9060237. [PMID: 31216758 PMCID: PMC6627275 DOI: 10.3390/biom9060237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is significantly involved in the preservation of the immune system of the host, protecting it against the pathogenic bacteria of the stomach. The correlation between gut microbiota and the host response supports human gastric homeostasis. Gut microbes may be shifted in Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-infected individuals to advance gastric inflammation and distinguished diseases. Particularly interesting is the establishment of cooperation between gut microbiota and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of the host in the gastrointestinal tract. AMPs have great importance in the innate immune reactions to Hp and participate in conservative co-evolution with an intricate microbiome. β-Defensins, a class of short, cationic, arginine-rich proteins belonging to the AMP group, are produced by epithelial and immunological cells. Their expression is enhanced during Hp infection. In this review, we discuss the impact of the gut microbiome on the host response, with particular regard to β-defensins in Hp-associated infections. In microbial infections, mostly in precancerous lesions induced by Hp infection, these modifications could lead to different outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaela Pero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
- Task Force sugli Studi del Microbioma, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Mariarita Brancaccio
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Sonia Laneri
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | | | - Barbara Lombardo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Olga Scudiero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
- Task Force sugli Studi del Microbioma, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy.
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17
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Lewy T, Hong BY, Weiser B, Burger H, Tremain A, Weinstock G, Anastos K, George MD. Oral Microbiome in HIV-Infected Women: Shifts in the Abundance of Pathogenic and Beneficial Bacteria Are Associated with Aging, HIV Load, CD4 Count, and Antiretroviral Therapy. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2019; 35:276-286. [PMID: 29808701 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2017.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated nonacquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and dementia are more prevalent in older than in young adult HIV-infected subjects. Although the oral microbiome has been studied as a window into pathogenesis in aging populations, its relationship to HIV disease progression, opportunistic infections, and HIV-associated non-AIDS conditions is not well understood. We utilized 16S rDNA-based pyrosequencing to compare the salivary microbiome in three groups: (1) Chronically HIV-infected women >50 years of age (aging); (2) HIV-infected women <35 years of age (young adult); and (3) HIV-uninfected age-matched women. We also examined correlations between salivary dysbiosis, plasma HIV RNA, CD4+ T cell depletion, and opportunistic oral infections. In both aging and young adult women, HIV infection was associated with salivary dysbiosis characterized by increased abundance of Prevotella melaninogenica and Rothia mucilaginosa. Aging was associated with increased bacterial diversity in both uninfected and HIV-infected women. In HIV-infected women with oral coinfections, aging was also associated with reduced abundance of the common commensal Veillonella parvula. Patients taking antiretroviral therapy showed increased numbers of Neisseria and Haemophilus. High plasma HIV RNA levels correlated positively with the presence of Prevotella and Veillonella, and negatively with the abundance of potentially beneficial Streptococcus and Lactobacillus. Circulating CD4+ T cell numbers correlated positively with the abundance of Streptococcus and Lactobacillus. Our findings extend previous studies of the role of the microbiome in HIV pathogenesis, providing new evidence that HIV infection is associated with a shift toward an increased pathogenic footprint of the salivary microbiome. Taken together, the data suggest a complex relationship, worthy of additional study, between chronic dysbiosis in the oral cavity, aging, viral burden, CD4+ T cell depletion, and long-term antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Lewy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | | | - Barbara Weiser
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
- Sacramento VA Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Harold Burger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
- Sacramento VA Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Andrew Tremain
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | | | | | - Michael D. George
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
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18
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Zhang Z, Fan B, Liu F, Song N, Peng Y, Ma W, Ma R, Dong T, Liu S. HOX transcript antisense RNA is elevated in gastric carcinogenesis and regulated by the NF-κB pathway. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:10548-10555. [PMID: 30635945 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The expression pattern of HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) in the progression of gastric cancer and the regulation of its expression are still unclear. In the current study, HOTAIR expressions in gastric tissues collected from patients with superficial gastritis, atrophic gastritis, atypical hyperplasia, and gastric cancer as well as normal controls was quantitatively examined. The results showed that the expression of HOTAIR was higher in gastric cancer than in normal tissues, but reached the highest level in atrophic gastritis, suggesting that HOTAIR may be involved in the molecular process of nonresolving inflammation. Then tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein-8 like-2 (TIPE2), a known gene associated with nonresolving inflammation, was overexpressed and the results showed that the promotion in TIPE2 expression triggered HOTAIR reduction, this result was further verified by microarray analysis and TIPE2 knockout mice. Subsequently, the data obtained from HOTAIR knockdown experiment showed that it significantly enhanced colony forming capability and inhibited p27 expression in AGS cells. Furthermore, deletion constructs and luciferase-based activity assays indicated that the -475 to -443bp region of HOTAIR promoter contained a crucial regulatory element. Transcription factor prediction with software TRANSFAC revealed that nuclear factor-κB signaling protein p65 had a binding site in this region and might have roles in HOTAIR expression. The binding of phosphor-p65 to HOTAIR promoter was verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation, and succeeding experiment results demonstrated that p65 reduction by p65 small interfering RNA and TIPE2 overexpression also decreased HOTAIR expression. Conclusively, our results suggest that HOTAIR was associated with nonresolving inflammation, and its expression is regulated by p65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhun Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Breast Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bingbing Fan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fengyan Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Gastroenterology Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Song
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanping Peng
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenzheng Ma
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rongtao Ma
- Department of Burn, Linqu County People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Tianyi Dong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Breast Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shili Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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19
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Pereira-Marques J, Ferreira RM, Pinto-Ribeiro I, Figueiredo C. Helicobacter pylori Infection, the Gastric Microbiome and Gastric Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1149:195-210. [PMID: 31016631 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
After a long period during which the stomach was considered as an organ where microorganisms could not thrive, Helicobacter pylori was isolated in vitro from gastric biopsies, revolutionising the fields of Microbiology and Gastroenterology. Since then, and with the introduction of high-throughput sequencing technologies that allowed deep characterization of microbial communities, a growing body of knowledge has shown that the stomach contains a diverse microbial community, which is different from that of the oral cavity and of the intestine. Gastric cancer is a heterogeneous disease that is the end result of a cascade of events arising in a small fraction of patients colonized with H. pylori. In addition to H. pylori infection and to multiple host and environmental factors that influence disease development, alterations to the composition and function of the normal gastric microbiome, also known as dysbiosis, may also contribute to malignancy. Chronic inflammation of the mucosa in response to H. pylori may alter the gastric environment, paving the way to the growth of a dysbiotic gastric bacterial community. This dysbiotic microbiome may promote the development of gastric cancer by sustaining inflammation and/or inducing genotoxicity. This chapter summarizes what is known about the gastric microbiome in the context of H. pylori-associated gastric cancer, introducing the emerging dimension of the microbiome into the pathogenesis of this highly incident and deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Pereira-Marques
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui M Ferreira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ines Pinto-Ribeiro
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ceu Figueiredo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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20
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Alterations of gastric mucosal microbiota across different stomach microhabitats in a cohort of 276 patients with gastric cancer. EBioMedicine 2018; 40:336-348. [PMID: 30584008 PMCID: PMC6412016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As part of the tumor microenvironment, the gastric microbiota play vital roles in tumor initiation, progression and metastasis, but stomach microhabitats are not always uniform. We aimed to characterize differences of gastric microbiota in stomach microhabitats associated with gastric cancer (GC) development. METHODS A cohort of 276 GC patients without preoperative chemotherapy was enrolled retrospectively, and 230 normal, 247 peritumoral and 229 tumoral tissues were obtained for gastric microbiota analysis targeting the 16S rRNA gene by MiSeq sequencing. The microbial diversity and composition, bacterial co-occurrence correlations and predictive functional profiles were compared across different microhabitats. FINDINGS GC-specific stomach microhabitats, not GC stages or types, determine the composition and diversity of the gastric microbiota. Most notably, bacterial richness was decreased in peritumoral and tumoral microhabitats, and the correlation network of abundant gastric bacteria was simplified in tumoral microhabitat. Helicobacter pylori (HP), Prevotella copri and Bacteroides uniformis were significantly decreased, whereas Prevotella melaninogenica, Streptococcus anginosus and Propionibacterium acnes were increased in tumoral microhabitat. Higher HP colonisation influenced the overall structure of the gastric microbiota in normal and peritumoral microhabitats. PiCRUSt analysis revealed that genes associated with nucleotide transport and metabolism and amino acid transport and metabolism were significantly enriched in tumoral microbiota, while gastric acid secretion was significantly higher in HP positive group of the tumoral microbiota. INTERPRETATION Our present study provided new insights into the roles of gastric microbiota in different stomach microhabitats in gastric carcinogenesis, especially the pathogenesis of HP. FUND: National Natural Science Foundation of China.
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21
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Bravo D, Hoare A, Soto C, Valenzuela MA, Quest AFG. Helicobacter pylori in human health and disease: Mechanisms for local gastric and systemic effects. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:3071-3089. [PMID: 30065554 PMCID: PMC6064966 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i28.3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is present in roughly 50% of the human population worldwide and infection levels reach over 70% in developing countries. The infection has classically been associated with different gastro-intestinal diseases, but also with extra gastric diseases. Despite such associations, the bacterium frequently persists in the human host without inducing disease, and it has been suggested that H. pylori may also play a beneficial role in health. To understand how H. pylori can produce such diverse effects in the human host, several studies have focused on understanding the local and systemic effects triggered by this bacterium. One of the main mechanisms by which H. pylori is thought to damage the host is by inducing local and systemic inflammation. However, more recently, studies are beginning to focus on the effects of H. pylori and its metabolism on the gastric and intestinal microbiome. The objective of this review is to discuss how H. pylori has co-evolved with humans, how H. pylori presence is associated with positive and negative effects in human health and how inflammation and/or changes in the microbiome are associated with the observed outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisse Bravo
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Pathology and Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Anilei Hoare
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Pathology and Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Cristopher Soto
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Pathology and Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Manuel A Valenzuela
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute for Health-Related Research and Innovation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8380447, Chile
| | - Andrew FG Quest
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380447, Chile
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22
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Parsons BN, Ijaz UZ, D'Amore R, Burkitt MD, Eccles R, Lenzi L, Duckworth CA, Moore AR, Tiszlavicz L, Varro A, Hall N, Pritchard DM. Comparison of the human gastric microbiota in hypochlorhydric states arising as a result of Helicobacter pylori-induced atrophic gastritis, autoimmune atrophic gastritis and proton pump inhibitor use. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006653. [PMID: 29095917 PMCID: PMC5667734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several conditions associated with reduced gastric acid secretion confer an altered risk of developing a gastric malignancy. Helicobacter pylori-induced atrophic gastritis predisposes to gastric adenocarcinoma, autoimmune atrophic gastritis is a precursor of type I gastric neuroendocrine tumours, whereas proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use does not affect stomach cancer risk. We hypothesised that each of these conditions was associated with specific alterations in the gastric microbiota and that this influenced subsequent tumour risk. 95 patients (in groups representing normal stomach, PPI treated, H. pylori gastritis, H. pylori-induced atrophic gastritis and autoimmune atrophic gastritis) were selected from a cohort of 1400. RNA extracted from gastric corpus biopsies was analysed using 16S rRNA sequencing (MiSeq). Samples from normal stomachs and patients treated with PPIs demonstrated similarly high microbial diversity. Patients with autoimmune atrophic gastritis also exhibited relatively high microbial diversity, but with samples dominated by Streptococcus. H. pylori colonisation was associated with decreased microbial diversity and reduced complexity of co-occurrence networks. H. pylori-induced atrophic gastritis resulted in lower bacterial abundances and diversity, whereas autoimmune atrophic gastritis resulted in greater bacterial abundance and equally high diversity compared to normal stomachs. Pathway analysis suggested that glucose-6-phospahte1-dehydrogenase and D-lactate dehydrogenase were over represented in H. pylori-induced atrophic gastritis versus autoimmune atrophic gastritis, and that both these groups showed increases in fumarate reductase. Autoimmune and H. pylori-induced atrophic gastritis were associated with different gastric microbial profiles. PPI treated patients showed relatively few alterations in the gastric microbiota compared to healthy subjects. Different conditions such as autoimmune atrophic gastritis and Helicobacter pylori associated atrophic gastritis are associated with different types of gastric cancer, specifically neuroendocrine tumours and adenocarcinoma. Both conditions result in reduced gastric acid secretion, potentially allowing non-H. pylori bacteria to colonise the stomach. However patients receiving proton pump inhibitors (PPI) experience similar levels of acid secretion, but do not develop gastric cancer. The aims of this study were to investigate the contribution of non-H. pylori microbiota to gastric tumour development in the presence of reduced gastric acid secretion. 16S rRNA sequencing identified relatively few alterations in the gastric microbiota in patients receiving PPI therapy, despite reduced acid secretion, but more substantial alterations in those patents who had atrophic gastritis. Significant differences were also found between the patients who had atrophic gastritis of autoimmune and H. pylori associated types. Differences in biochemical pathways that potentially contribute to gastric tumorigenesis were also predicted. This work increases understanding of the mechanisms involved in gastric tumour development, and demonstrates how non-H. pylori bacteria may be important. This work may eventually lead to the development of novel chemopreventive therapies for stomach cancer that are based on altering the composition of the gastric microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryony N Parsons
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Umer Z Ijaz
- Department of Infrastructure and Environment University of Glasgow, School of Engineering, Glasgow, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Rosalinda D'Amore
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Michael D Burkitt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM.,Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Richard Eccles
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Luca Lenzi
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Carrie A Duckworth
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Andrew R Moore
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM.,Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Andrea Varro
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Neil Hall
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM.,The Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UNITED KINGDOM.,School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - D Mark Pritchard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM.,Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
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Evidence for a primate origin of zoonotic Helicobacter suis colonizing domesticated pigs. ISME JOURNAL 2017; 12:77-86. [PMID: 28885626 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2017.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter suis is the second most prevalent Helicobacter species in the stomach of humans suffering from gastric disease. This bacterium mainly inhabits the stomach of domesticated pigs, in which it causes gastric disease, but it appears to be absent in wild boars. Interestingly, it also colonizes the stomach of asymptomatic rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys. The origin of modern human-, pig- or non-human primate-associated H. suis strains in these respective host populations was hitherto unknown. Here we show that H. suis in pigs possibly originates from non-human primates. Our data suggest that a host jump from macaques to pigs happened between 100 000 and 15 000 years ago and that pig domestication has had a significant impact on the spread of H. suis in the pig population, from where this pathogen occasionally infects humans. Thus, in contrast to our expectations, H. suis appears to have evolved in its main host in a completely different way than its close relative Helicobacter pylori in humans.
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24
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Blaecher C, Bauwens E, Tay A, Peters F, Dobbs S, Dobbs J, Charlett A, Ducatelle R, Haesebrouck F, Smet A. A novel isolation protocol and probe-based RT-PCR for diagnosis of gastric infections with the zoonotic pathogen Helicobacter suis. Helicobacter 2017; 22. [PMID: 28029188 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter suis is a very fastidious microorganism associated with gastritis, gastric ulcers, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in humans. In vitro isolation of this agent from human patients has so far been unsuccessful. MATERIALS AND METHODS A probe-based real-time PCR (RT-PCR) for the rapid detection of H. suis in gastric biopsies was developed. Secondly, a mouse-passage-based protocol was optimized for isolation of low numbers of viable H. suis bacteria. Mice were inoculated with different numbers of viable H. suis (102 -108 ) and kept for 4 weeks to allow multiplication of this pathogen. RESULTS The probe-based real-time PCR (RT-PCR) exhibited a high degree of diagnostic specificity and analytical sensitivity, high linear correlations (r2 between 0.995 and 0.999), and high amplification efficiencies (>90%) for H. suis. No cross-reactivity was detected with human, porcine, non-human primate, and murine DNA nor with DNA from other bacteria including Helicobacter spp. and Campylobacter spp. H. suis was successfully re-isolated from the stomach of mice inoculated with at least 104 viable H. suis, using a biphasic medium (pH 5), consisting of Brucella agar with Brucella broth on top, both supplemented with vitox supplement, Campylobacter-selective supplement, amphotericin (5 μg/mL), HCl (0.05%), fetal bovine serum (20%), and linezolid (5 μg/mL). Linezolid was necessary to inhibit proliferation of contaminants, including lactobacilli. CONCLUSION The methods described above can be implemented for detection or isolation of H. suis from human gastric biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Blaecher
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Eva Bauwens
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Alfred Tay
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Fanny Peters
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sylvia Dobbs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK.,The Maudsley Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Gastroenterology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - John Dobbs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK.,The Maudsley Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Gastroenterology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - André Charlett
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK.,Statistics Unit, Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Richard Ducatelle
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Smet
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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25
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Dong T, Feng Q, Liu F, Chang LK, Zhou X, Han M, Tian X, Zhong N, Liu S. Alteration of stomach microbiota compositions in the progression of gastritis induces nitric oxide in gastric cell. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2793-2800. [PMID: 28587343 PMCID: PMC5450739 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrophic gastritis is considered to be an antecedent to intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer. A previous study identified that Helicobacter pylori was absent at the severe atrophic gastritis stage, and alterations in the gastric microbial composition resembled those in gastric cancer. To explore the role of the bacteria absence of H. pylori in gastric carcinogenesis, in the current study, we compared the microbiota of clinically collected H. pylori-free gastric fluids from 30 patients with non-atrophic gastritis (N) and 22 patients with severe atrophic gastritis (S). We estimated the bacterial loads in the N and S groups by colony counting in culture agar as well as by measuring the concentration of the extracted DNA. The results showed a significant increase in bacterial load in patients with atrophic gastritis in comparison to non-atrophic gastritis. Then, we analyzed the microbial communities of the gastric fluids from all 52 patients using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons. The Chao 1, Shannon and Simpson diversity indexes demonstrated that the bacterial richness and diversity were not significantly different between the N and S groups. Moreover, principal component analysis illustrated that the microbiomes from the S group were more scattered. Microbiota composition analysis showed that the entire dataset was clustered into 27 phyla, 61 classes, 106 orders, 177 families, 292 genera and 121 species. At the genus level, only the abundance of Prevotella was significantly different between the N and S groups. Further analysis showed that all the higher taxonomic categories were significantly different between the N and S groups. To assess the effects of the metabolic products of Prevotella spp. on gastric cell physiology, we treated the human gastric epithelial cell line AGS with acetic acid and monitored nitric oxide (NO) production. The results showed that acetic acid at low concentrations (0.5 and 5 µM) significantly inhibited AGS cells to secrete NO compared to phosphate buffer saline-treated control cells. These results suggest that the microbiota in non-atrophic gastritis may influence gastric epithelial cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Dong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Breast Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Department of Human Microbiome, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Fengyan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Lap Kam Chang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Zhou
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Mingyong Han
- Department of Breast Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xingsong Tian
- Department of Breast Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shili Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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26
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Host Determinants of Expression of the Helicobacter pylori BabA Adhesin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46499. [PMID: 28418004 PMCID: PMC5394467 DOI: 10.1038/srep46499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the Helicobacter pylori blood group antigen binding adhesin A (BabA) is more common in strains isolated from patients with peptic ulcer disease or gastric cancer, rather than asymptomatic colonization. Here we used mouse models to examine host determinants that affect H. pylori BabA expression. BabA expression was lost by phase variation as frequently in WT mice as in RAG2−/− mice that do not have functional B or T cells, and in MyD88−/−, TLR2−/− and TLR4−/− mice that are defective in toll like receptor signaling. The presence of other bacteria had no effect on BabA expression as shown by infection of germ free mice. Moreover, loss of BabA expression was not dependent on Leb expression or the capacity of BabA to bind Leb. Surprisingly, gender was the host determinant most associated with loss of BabA expression, which was maintained to a greater extent in male mice and was associated with greater bacterial load. These results suggest the possibility that loss of BabA expression is not driven by adaptive immunity or toll-like receptor signaling, and that BabA may have other, unrecognized functions in addition to serving as an adhesin that binds Leb.
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27
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Helicobacter pylori, Cancer, and the Gastric Microbiota. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 908:393-408. [PMID: 27573782 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41388-4_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide and Helicobacter pylori infection is the strongest known risk factor for this disease. Although the stomach was once thought to be a sterile environment, it is now known to house many bacterial species leading to a complex interplay between H. pylori and other residents of the gastric microbiota. In addition to the role of H. pylori virulence factors, host genetic polymorphisms, and diet, it is now becoming clear that components of the gastrointestinal microbiota may also influence H. pylori-induced pathogenesis. In this chapter, we discuss emerging data regarding the gastric microbiota in humans and animal models and alterations that occur to the composition of the gastric microbiota in the presence of H. pylori infection that may augment the risk of developing gastric cancer.
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28
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Dong Q, Xin Y, Wang L, Meng X, Yu X, Lu L, Xuan S. Characterization of Gastric Microbiota in Twins. Curr Microbiol 2016; 74:224-229. [PMID: 27957630 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-1176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Contribution of host genetic backgrounds in the development of gastric microbiota has not been clearly defined. This study was aimed to characterize the biodiversity, structure and composition of gastric microbiota among twins. A total of four pairs of twins and eight unrelated individuals were enrolled in the study. Antral biopsies were obtained during endoscopy. The bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified and pyrosequenced. Sequences were analyzed for the composition, structure, and α and β diversities of gastric microbiota. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria were the most predominant phyla of gastric microbiota. Each individual, twins as well as unrelated individuals, harbored a microbiota of distinct composition. There was no evidence of additional similarity in the richness and evenness of gastric microbiota among co-twins as compared to unrelated individuals. Calculations of θYC and PCoA demonstrated that the structure similarity of gastric microbial community between co-twins did not increase compared to unrelated individuals. In contrast, the structure of microbiota was altered enormously by Helicobacter pylori infection. These results suggest that host genetic backgrounds had little effect in shaping the gastric microbiota. This property of gastric microbiota could facilitate the studies discerning the role of microbiota from genetic grounds in the pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanjiang Dong
- Central Laboratories and Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Yongning Xin
- Central Laboratories and Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Central Laboratories and Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Xinying Meng
- Central Laboratories and Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Xinjuan Yu
- Central Laboratories and Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Linlin Lu
- Central Laboratories and Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Shiying Xuan
- Central Laboratories and Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
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Dietary Gluten-Induced Gut Dysbiosis Is Accompanied by Selective Upregulation of microRNAs with Intestinal Tight Junction and Bacteria-Binding Motifs in Rhesus Macaque Model of Celiac Disease. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8110684. [PMID: 27801835 PMCID: PMC5133072 DOI: 10.3390/nu8110684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of the gut microbiome reflects the overall health status of the host. In this study, stool samples representing the gut microbiomes from 6 gluten-sensitive (GS) captive juvenile rhesus macaques were compared with those from 6 healthy, age- and diet-matched peers. A total of 48 samples representing both groups were studied using V4 16S rRNA gene DNA analysis. Samples from GS macaques were further characterized based on type of diet administered: conventional monkey chow, i.e., wheat gluten-containing diet (GD), gluten-free diet (GFD), barley gluten-derived diet (BOMI) and reduced gluten barley-derived diet (RGB). It was hypothesized that the GD diet would lower the gut microbial diversity in GS macaques. This is the first report illustrating the reduction of gut microbial alpha-diversity (p < 0.05) following the consumption of dietary gluten in GS macaques. Selected bacterial families (e.g., Streptococcaceae and Lactobacillaceae) were enriched in GS macaques while Coriobacteriaceae was enriched in healthy animals. Within several weeks after the replacement of the GD by the GFD diet, the composition (beta-diversity) of gut microbiome in GS macaques started to change (p = 0.011) towards that of a normal macaque. Significance for alpha-diversity however, was not reached by the day 70 when the feeding experiment ended. Several inflammation-associated microRNAs (miR-203, -204, -23a, -23b and -29b) were upregulated (p < 0.05) in jejunum of 4 biopsied GS macaques fed GD with predicted binding sites on 16S ribosomal RNA of Lactobacillus reuteri (accession number: NR_025911), Prevotella stercorea (NR_041364) and Streptococcus luteciae (AJ297218) that were overrepresented in feces. Additionally, claudin-1, a validated tight junction protein target of miR-29b was significantly downregulated in jejunal epithelium of GS macaques. Taken together, we predict that with the introduction of effective treatments in future studies the diversity of gut microbiomes in GS macaques will approach those of healthy individuals. Further studies are needed to elucidate the regulatory pathways of inflammatory miRNAs in intestinal mucosa of GS macaques and to correlate their expression with gut dysbiosis.
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30
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He C, Yang Z, Lu N. Imbalance of Gastrointestinal Microbiota in the Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori-Associated Diseases. Helicobacter 2016; 21:337-48. [PMID: 26876927 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of new nucleotide sequencing techniques and advanced bioinformatics tools has opened the field for studying the diversity and complexity of the gastrointestinal microbiome independent of traditional cultural methods. Owing largely to the gastric acid barrier, the human stomach was long thought to be sterile. The discovery of Helicobacter pylori, the gram-negative bacterium that infects upwards of 50% of the global population, has started a major paradigm shift in our understanding of the stomach as an ecologic niche for bacteria. Recent sequencing analysis of gastric microbiota showed that H. pylori was not alone and the interaction of H. pylori with those microorganisms might play a part in H. pylori-associated diseases such as gastric cancer. In this review, we summarize the available literature about the changes of gastrointestinal microbiota after H. pylori infection in humans and animal models, and discuss the possible underlying mechanisms including the alterations of the gastric environment, the secretion of hormones and the degree of inflammatory response. In general, information regarding the composition and function of gastrointestinal microbiome is still in its infancy, future studies are needed to elucidate whether and to what extent H. pylori infection perturbs the established microbiota. It is assumed that clarifying the role of gastrointestinal communities in H. pylori-associated diseases will provide an opportunity for translational application as a biomarker for the risk of serious H. pylori diseases and perhaps identify specific organisms for therapeutic eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Nonghua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
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31
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Esmail MY, Bacon R, Swennes AG, Feng Y, Shen Z, Garcia A, Sharma P, Cohen J, Fox JG. Helicobacter Species Identified in Captive Sooty Mangabeys (Cercocebus atys) with Metastatic Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Helicobacter 2016; 21:175-85. [PMID: 26477442 PMCID: PMC4837085 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Of all human cancers, gastric carcinoma is the one of the leading causes of death. Helicobacter pylori is considered a major etiologic agent of this disease. Spontaneously occurring gastric carcinoma is a rare diagnosis in nonhuman primates. A 2011 case report documented a high incidence of gastric adenocarcinoma in a closed colony of captive sooty mangabeys (Cercebus atys). However, H. pylori infection was not detected in these animals. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, using archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded stomach sections of these animals alternative methodologies were used to identify H. pylori and other non-H. pylori Helicobacter species. In addition, two additional cases of sooty mangabeys with metastatic gastric carcinoma are characterized. RESULTS Using fluorescent in situ hybridization, we identified gastric H. suis in 75% of archived and new gastric carcinoma cases. In the two newly reported cases, H. suis and a novel Helicobacter species were detected via PCR and sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. H. pylori was not identified in any of the gastric carcinoma cases via FISH and/or PCR and sequence analysis of Helicobacter spp. in DNA from of available tissues. CONCLUSIONS This report is the first to characterize Helicobacter species infection in spontaneous gastric carcinoma with metastatic potential in nonhuman primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y. Esmail
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Alton G. Swennes
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yan Feng
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zeli Shen
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - AnaPatricia Garcia
- Division of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Prachi Sharma
- Division of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joyce Cohen
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James G. Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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32
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Zhang Y, Sun H, Chen X, Li J, Zhao H, Geng L, Li B. Functional profile of gastric epithelial cells infected with Helicobacter pylori strains. Microb Pathog 2016; 95:77-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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33
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Wang L, Zhou J, Xin Y, Geng C, Tian Z, Yu X, Dong Q. Bacterial overgrowth and diversification of microbiota in gastric cancer. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 28:261-6. [PMID: 26657453 PMCID: PMC4739309 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000000542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microbiota is potentially linked to the development of cancer. However, the features of microbiota in gastric cancer remain unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize the gastric microbiota in cancer. METHODS A total of 315 patients, including 212 patients with chronic gastritis and 103 patients with gastric cancer, were enrolled in the study. The bacterial load of gastric mucosa was determined using quantitative PCR. To analyze the biodiversity, structure, and composition of microbiota, amplicons of the 16S rRNA gene from 12 patients were pyrosequenced. The sequences were processed and subsequently analyzed. RESULTS The amount of bacteria in gastric mucosa was estimated to be 6.9×10 per gram tissue on average. It was higher in Helicobacter pylori-infected patients (7.80±0.71) compared with those uninfected (7.59±0.57, P=0.005). An increased bacterial load up to 7.85±0.70 was detected in gastric cancer compared with chronic gastritis (P=0.001). The unweighted principal coordinate analysis showed that the structure of microbiota in gastric cancer was more diversified. Five genera of bacteria with potential cancer-promoting activities were enriched in gastric cancer. The weighted principal coordinate analysis showed that the presence of Helicobacter pylori markedly altered the structure of microbiota, but had little influence on the relative proportions of the other members in the microbiota. CONCLUSION Findings from this study indicated an altered microbiota in gastric cancer with increased quantity of bacteria, diversified microbial communities, and enrichment of bacteria with potential cancer-promoting activities. These alterations could contribute toward the gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Department of Central Laboratories and Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Central Laboratories and Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital
| | - Yongning Xin
- Department of Central Laboratories and Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital
| | - Changxin Geng
- Department of Central Laboratories and Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital
| | - Zibin Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinjuan Yu
- Department of Central Laboratories and Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital
| | - Quanjiang Dong
- Department of Central Laboratories and Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital
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Yang YJ, Sheu BS. Metabolic Interaction of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gut Microbiota. Microorganisms 2016; 4:E15. [PMID: 27681909 PMCID: PMC5029520 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms4010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a barrier, gut commensal microbiota can protect against potential pathogenic microbes in the gastrointestinal tract. Crosstalk between gut microbes and immune cells promotes human intestinal homeostasis. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota has been implicated in the development of many human metabolic disorders like obesity, hepatic steatohepatitis, and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Certain microbes, such as butyrate-producing bacteria, are lower in T2D patients. The transfer of intestinal microbiota from lean donors increases insulin sensitivity in individuals with metabolic syndrome, but the exact pathogenesis remains unclear. H. pylori in the human stomach cause chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancers. H. pylori infection also induces insulin resistance and has been defined as a predisposing factor to T2D development. Gastric and fecal microbiota may have been changed in H. pylori-infected persons and mice to promote gastric inflammation and specific diseases. However, the interaction of H. pylori and gut microbiota in regulating host metabolism also remains unknown. Further studies aim to identify the H. pylori-microbiota-host metabolism axis and to test if H. pylori eradication or modification of gut microbiota can improve the control of human metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Jong Yang
- Departments of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, #138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
| | - Bor-Shyang Sheu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, #138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
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The Influence of the Gut Microbiome on Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome and Gastrointestinal Disease. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2015; 6:e91. [PMID: 26087059 PMCID: PMC4816244 DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2015.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a fine balance in the mutual relationship between the intestinal microbiota and its mammalian host. It is thought that disruptions in this fine balance contribute/account for the pathogenesis of many diseases. Recently, the significance of the relationship between gut microbiota and its mammalian host in the pathogenesis of obesity and the metabolic syndrome has been demonstrated. Emerging data has linked intestinal dysbiosis to several gastrointestinal diseases including inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and gastrointestinal malignancy. This article is intended to review the role of gut microbiota maintenance/alterations of gut microbiota as a significant factor as a significant factor discriminating between health and common diseases. Based on current available data, the role of microbial manipulation in disease management remains to be further defined and a focus for further clinical investigation.
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Helicobacter pylori: the balance between a role as colonizer and pathogen. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2014; 28:1017-29. [PMID: 25439068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of Helicobacter pylori from the human stomach produced significant changes in how gastroenterologists, immunologists, epidemiologists, pathologists and microbiologists have approached gastro-duodenal diseases in the last half of the XX century. However, research of this organism has progressed greatly in the first decade of this century, evidence suggest that H. pylori is associated with disease only in humans older than 40 years, while, the lack of H. pylori colonization is associated with the emergence of new diseases, particularly in younger individuals. These differing effects of H. pylori colonization have created two contrasting concepts: the 'bad' and the 'good' Helicobacter. Following from renewed interest in the normal human microbiome, we need to reconsider our definitions and perhaps recognize that H. pylori might be a normal member of the human gastric microbiome in ancient humans that gradually, as results of the improvement in our environment, is disappearing.
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori relies on multiple colonization and virulence factors to persist in the human stomach for life. In addition, these factors can be modulated and vary to suit the ever-changing environment within the host individual. This article outlines the novel developments in this field of research during the past year, highlighting the cag pathogenicity island, VacA, γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase as well as including recent advances in protein structure, bacteria-host interaction, and the role of stomach microbiota.
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Ménard A, Péré-Védrenne C, Haesebrouck F, Flahou B. Gastric and enterohepatic helicobacters other than Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter 2014; 19 Suppl 1:59-67. [PMID: 25167947 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During the past year, research on non-Helicobacter pylori species has intensified. H. valdiviensis was isolated from wild birds, and putative novel species have been isolated from Bengal tigers and Australian marsupials. Various genomes have been sequenced: H. bilis, H. canis, H. macacae, H. fennelliae, H. cetorum, and H. suis. Several studies highlighted the virulence of non-H. pylori species including H. cinaedi in humans and hyperlipidemic mice or H. macacae in geriatric rhesus monkeys with intestinal adenocarcinoma. Not surprisingly, increased attention has been paid to the position of Helicobacter species in the microbiota of children and animal species (mice, chickens, penguins, and migrating birds). A large number of experimental studies have been performed in animal models of Helicobacter induced typhlocolitis, showing that the gastrointestinal microbial community is involved in modulation of host pathways leading to chronic inflammation. Animal models of H. suis, H. heilmannii, and H. felis infection have been used to study the development of severe inflammation-related pathologies, including gastric MALT lymphoma and adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle Ménard
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre National de Référence des Campylobacters et Hélicobacters, Université de Bordeaux, F33076, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U853, F33076, Bordeaux, France
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Abreu MT, Peek RM. Gastrointestinal malignancy and the microbiome. Gastroenterology 2014; 146:1534-1546.e3. [PMID: 24406471 PMCID: PMC3995897 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microbial species participate in the genesis of a substantial number of malignancies-in conservative estimates, at least 15% of all cancer cases are attributable to infectious agents. Little is known about the contribution of the gastrointestinal microbiome to the development of malignancies. Resident microbes can promote carcinogenesis by inducing inflammation, increasing cell proliferation, altering stem cell dynamics, and producing metabolites such as butyrate, which affect DNA integrity and immune regulation. Studies in human beings and rodent models of cancer have identified effector species and relationships among members of the microbial community in the stomach and colon that increase the risk for malignancy. Strategies to manipulate the microbiome, or the immune response to such bacteria, could be developed to prevent or treat certain gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T. Abreu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Richard M. Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37232
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Martin ME, Solnick JV. The gastric microbial community, Helicobacter pylori colonization, and disease. Gut Microbes 2014; 5:345-50. [PMID: 24642475 PMCID: PMC4153772 DOI: 10.4161/gmic.28573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Long thought to be a sterile habitat, the stomach contains a diverse and unique community of bacteria. One particular inhabitant, Helicobacter pylori, colonizes half of the world's human population and establishes a decades-long infection that can be asymptomatic, pathogenic, or even beneficial for the host. Many host and bacterial factors are known to influence an individual's risk of gastric disease, but another potentially important determinant has recently come to light: the host microbiota. Although it is unclear to what extent H. pylori infection perturbs the established gastric microbial community, and H. pylori colonization seems generally resistant to disturbances in the host microbiota, it can modulate H. pylori pathogenicity. Interactions between H. pylori and bacteria at non-gastric sites are likely indirect--via programming of the pro-inflammatory vs. regulatory T lymphocytes--which may have a significant impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam E Martin
- Department of Medicine; University of California-Davis; Davis, CA USA,Department of Microbiology & Immunology; University of California-Davis; Davis, CA USA
| | - Jay V Solnick
- Department of Medicine; University of California-Davis; Davis, CA USA,Department of Microbiology & Immunology; University of California-Davis; Davis, CA USA,California National Primate Research Center; University of California-Davis; Davis, CA USA,Correspondence to: Jay V Solnick,
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Seo I, Jha BK, Suh SI, Suh MH, Baek WK. Microbial Profile of the Stomach: Comparison between Normal Mucosa and Cancer Tissue in the Same Patient. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2014.44.2.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Incheol Seo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Bijay Kumar Jha
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seong-Il Suh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Min-Ho Suh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Won-Ki Baek
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
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