1
|
Bojarski KK, David A, Lecaille F, Samsonov SA. In silico approaches for better understanding cysteine cathepsin-glycosaminoglycan interactions. Carbohydr Res 2024; 543:109201. [PMID: 39013335 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Cysteine cathepsins constitute the largest cathepsin family, with 11 proteases in human that are present primarily within acidic endosomal and lysosomal compartments. They are involved in the turnover of intracellular and extracellular proteins. They are synthesized as inactive procathepsins that are converted to mature active forms. Cathepsins play important roles in physiological and pathological processes and, therefore, receive increasing attention as potential therapeutic targets. Their maturation and activity can be regulated by glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), long linear negatively charged polysaccharides composed of recurring dimeric units. In this review, we summarize recent computational progress in the field of (pro)cathepsin-GAG complexes analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof K Bojarski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdansk, 80-233, Poland.
| | - Alexis David
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Team "Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation, Tours, France
| | - Fabien Lecaille
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Team "Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation, Tours, France
| | - Sergey A Samsonov
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk, 80-308, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bojarski KK, Samsonov SA. In silico insights into procathepsin S maturation mediated by glycosaminoglycans. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 120:108406. [PMID: 36707295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Procathepsins, inactive precursors of cathepsins are present in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and in lysosomes. Their active forms are involved in a number of biologically relevant processes, including bone resorption, intracellular proteolysis and regulation of programmed cell death. These processes might be mediated by glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), long unbranched periodic negatively charged polysaccharides. GAGs are also present in ECM and play important role in anticoagulation, angiogenesis and tissue regeneration. GAGs not only mediate the enzymatic activity of cathepsins but can also regulate the process of procathepsin maturation, as it was shown for procathepsin B and S. In this study, we propose the molecular mechanism underlying the biological role of GAGs in procathepsin S maturation and compare our findings with computational data obtained for procathepsin B. We rigorously analyse procathepsin S-GAG complexes in terms of their dynamics, free energy and potential allosteric regulation. We conclude that the GAG binding region might have an effect on the dynamics of procathepsin S structure and so affect its maturation by two different mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof K Bojarski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdansk, 80-233, Poland.
| | - Sergey A Samsonov
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk, 80-308, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aria H, Rezaei M. Immunogenic cell death inducer peptides: A new approach for cancer therapy, current status and future perspectives. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114503. [PMID: 36921539 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) is a type of cell death that kills tumor cells by stimulating the adaptive immune response against other tumor cells. ICD depends on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the secretion of Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMP) by the dying tumor cell. DAMPs recruit innate immune cells such as Dendritic Cells (DC), triggering a cancer-specific immune response such as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to eliminate remaining cancer cells. ICD is accompanied by several hallmarks in dying cells, such as surface translocation of ER chaperones, calreticulin (CALR), and extracellular secretion of DAMPs such as high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Therapeutic peptides can kill bacteria and tumor cells thus affecting the immune system. They have high specificity and affinity for their targets, small size, appropriate cell membrane penetration, short half-life, and simple production processes. Peptides are interesting agents for immunomodulation since they may overcome the limitations of other therapeutics. Thus, the development of peptides affecting the TME and active antitumoral immunity has been actively pursued. On the other hand, several peptides have been recently identified to trigger ICD and anti-cancer responses. In the present review, we review previous studies on peptide-induced ICD, their mechanism, their targets, and markers. They include anti-microbial peptides (AMPs), cationic or mitochondrial targeting, checkpoint inhibitors, antiapoptotic inhibitors, and "don't eat me" inhibitor peptides. Also, peptides will be investigated potentially inducing ICD that is divided into ER stressors, ATPase inhibitors, and anti-microbial peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Aria
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Glycosaminoglycan, Antimicrobial Defence Molecule and Cytokine Appearance in Tracheal Hyaline Cartilage of Healthy Humans. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2022; 7:jfmk7030055. [PMID: 35893329 PMCID: PMC9326615 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk7030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaline cartilage is an important tracheal structure, yet little is known about its molecular composition, complicating investigation of pathologies and replacement options. Our aim was to research tracheal hyaline cartilage structure, protective tissue factors and variations in healthy humans. The tissue material was obtained from 10 cadavers obtained from the Riga Stradins University Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology archive. Tissues were stained with Bismarck brown and PAS for glycosaminoglycans, and immunohistochemistry was performed for HBD-2, HBD-3, HBD-4, IL-10 and LL-37. The slides were inspected by light microscopy and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was calculated. The extracellular matrix was positive across hyaline cartilage for PAS, yet Bismarck brown marked positive proliferation and growth zones. Numerous positive cells for both factors were found in all zones. All of the antimicrobial defence molecules and cytokines were found in a moderate number of cells, except in the mature cell zone with few positive cells. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient revealed strong and moderate correlations between studied factors. Hyaline cartilage is a tracheal defence structure with a moderate number of antimicrobial defence protein and cytokine immunoreactive cells as well as numerous glycosaminoglycan positive cells. The extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans provide structural scaffolding and intercellular signalling. The correlations between the studied factors confirm the synergistic activity of them.
Collapse
|
5
|
He C, Fan K, Hao Z, Tang N, Li G, Wang S. Prevalence, Risk Factors, Pathophysiology, Potential Biomarkers and Management of Feline Idiopathic Cystitis: An Update Review. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:900847. [PMID: 35812890 PMCID: PMC9257190 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.900847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline idiopathic cystitis is a widespread disease in small animal clinics, which mainly presents with urinary signs like dysuria, stranguria, hematuria, pollakiuria, and periuria. The etiopathogenesis of the disease may involve interactions between the environmental stressors, neuroendocrine system and bladder of affected cats. Diagnostic biomarkers have not been tested in clinical studies though they are theoretically feasible, and since the clinical signs of the disease assemble those of other feline lower urinary diseases, its diagnosis is a procedure of exclusion. The primary treatment of the disease is long-term multimodal environmental modification (or enrichment) while anti-anxiety drugs and nutritional supplements are recommended for chronic recurrent cases. Still, many medicines need to be evaluated for their efficacy and safety. This review aims to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of feline idiopathic cystitis by summarizing and updating studies concerning the prevalence, risk factors, etiological hypotheses, diagnostic procedures, possible treatments, and prognosis of the disease.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hirschi-Budge KM, Tsai KYF, Curtis KL, Davis GS, Theurer BK, Kruyer AMM, Homer KW, Chang A, Van Ry PM, Arroyo JA, Reynolds PR. RAGE signaling during tobacco smoke-induced lung inflammation and potential therapeutic utility of SAGEs. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:160. [PMID: 35473605 PMCID: PMC9044720 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-01935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoke exposure culminates as a progressive lung complication involving airway inflammation and remodeling. While primary smoke poses the greatest risk, nearly half of the US population is also at risk due to exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS). METHODS We used WT, RAGE-/- (KO), and Tet-inducible lung-specific RAGE overexpressing transgenic (TG) mice to study the role of RAGE during short-term responses to SHS. We evaluated SHS effects in mice with and without semi-synthetic glycosaminoglycan ethers (SAGEs), which are anionic, partially lipophilic sulfated polysaccharide derivatives known to inhibit RAGE signaling. TG Mice were weaned and fed doxycycline to induce RAGE at postnatal day (PN) 30. At PN40, mice from each line were exposed to room air (RA) or SHS from three Kentucky 3R4F research cigarettes via a nose-only delivery system (Scireq Scientific, Montreal, Canada) five days a week and i.p. injections of PBS or SAGE (30 mg/kg body weight) occurred three times per week from PN40-70 before mice were sacrificed on PN70. RESULTS RAGE mRNA and protein expression was elevated following SHS exposure of control and TG mice and not detected in RAGE KO mice. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis revealed RAGE-mediated influence on inflammatory cell diapedesis, total protein, and pro-inflammatory mediators following exposure. Lung histological assessment revealed indistinguishable morphology following exposure, yet parenchymal apoptosis was increased. Inflammatory signaling intermediates such as Ras and NF-κB, as well as downstream responses were influenced by the availability of RAGE, as evidenced by RAGE KO and SAGE treatment. CONCLUSIONS These data provide fascinating insight suggesting therapeutic potential for the use of RAGE inhibitors in lungs exposed to SHS smoke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Hirschi-Budge
- Lung and Placenta Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Kary Y F Tsai
- Lung and Placenta Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Katrina L Curtis
- Lung and Placenta Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Gregg S Davis
- Lung and Placenta Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Benjamin K Theurer
- Lung and Placenta Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Anica M M Kruyer
- Lung and Placenta Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Kyle W Homer
- Lung and Placenta Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Ashley Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Pam M Van Ry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Juan A Arroyo
- Lung and Placenta Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Paul R Reynolds
- Lung and Placenta Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Raja V, Gu Y, Lee HM, Deng J, Prestwich G, Ryan M. SAGE: Novel Therapy to Reduce Inflammation in a Naturally Occurring-Dog Model of Periodontal Disease. J Exp Pharmacol 2022; 14:117-129. [PMID: 35386747 PMCID: PMC8977225 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s353757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Methods Results Conclusion
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veena Raja
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, Stony Brook School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Correspondence: Veena Raja, Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8706, USA, Tel +1 516-813-6250, Fax +1 631 632-9705, Email
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of General Dentistry, Stony Brook School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Hsi-Ming Lee
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, Stony Brook School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, Stony Brook School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Glenn Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Health Sciences Spokane, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Maria Ryan
- Colgate and Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Steinhauff D, Jensen MM, Griswold E, Jedrzkiewicz J, Cappello J, Oottamasathien S, Ghandehari H. An Oligomeric Sulfated Hyaluronan and Silk-Elastinlike Polymer Combination Protects against Murine Radiation Induced Proctitis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010175. [PMID: 35057068 PMCID: PMC8777937 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Semisynthetic glycosaminoglycan ethers (SAGEs) are short, sulfated hyaluronans which combine the natural properties of hyaluronan with chemical sulfation. In a murine model, SAGEs provide protection against radiation induced proctitis (RIP), a side effect of lower abdominal radiotherapy for cancer. The anti-inflammatory effects of SAGE have been studied in inflammatory diseases at mucosal barrier sites; however, few mechanisms have been uncovered necessitating high throughput methods. SAGEs were combined with silk-elastinlike polymers (SELPs) to enhance rectal accumulation in mice. After high radiation exposure to the lower abdominal area, mice were followed for 3 days or until they met humane endpoints, before evaluation of behavioral pain responses and histological assessment of rectal inflammation. RNA sequencing was conducted on tissues from the 3-day cohort to determine molecular mechanisms of SAGE–SELP. After 3 days, mice receiving the SAGE–SELP combination yielded significantly lowered pain responses and amelioration of radiation-induced rectal inflammation. Mice receiving the drug–polymer combination survived 60% longer than other irradiated mice, with a fraction exhibiting long term survival. Sequencing reveals varied regulation of toll like receptors, antioxidant activities, T-cell signaling, and pathways associated with pain. This investigation elucidates several molecular mechanisms of SAGEs and exhibits promising measures for prevention of RIP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Steinhauff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (D.S.); (E.G.)
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Mark Martin Jensen
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (M.M.J.); (S.O.)
| | - Ethan Griswold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (D.S.); (E.G.)
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | - Joseph Cappello
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
| | - Siam Oottamasathien
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (M.M.J.); (S.O.)
- Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (D.S.); (E.G.)
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
A Systematic Review of Therapeutic Approaches Used in Experimental Models of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080865. [PMID: 34440069 PMCID: PMC8389661 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a multifactorial, chronic bladder disorder with limited therapeutic options currently available. The present review provides an extensive overview of therapeutic approaches used in in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experimental models of IC/BPS. Publications were identified by electronic search of three online databases. Data were extracted for study design, type of treatment, main findings, and outcome, as well as for methodological quality and the reporting of measures to avoid bias. A total of 100 full-text articles were included. The majority of identified articles evaluated therapeutic agents currently recommended to treat IC/BPS by the American Urological Association guidelines (21%) and therapeutic agents currently approved to treat other diseases (11%). More recently published articles assessed therapeutic approaches using stem cells (11%) and plant-derived agents (10%), while novel potential drug targets identified were proteinase-activated (6%) and purinergic (4%) receptors, transient receptor potential channels (3%), microRNAs (2%), and activation of the cannabinoid system (7%). Our results show that the reported methodological quality of animal studies could be substantially improved, and measures to avoid bias should be more consistently reported in order to increase the value of preclinical research in IC/BPS for potential translation to a clinical setting.
Collapse
|
10
|
Towner RA, Greenwood‐Van Meerveld B, Mohammadi E, Saunders D, Smith N, Sant GR, Shain HC, Jozefiak TH, Hurst RE. SuperGAG biopolymers for treatment of excessive bladder permeability. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00709. [PMID: 33540486 PMCID: PMC7861891 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Few therapeutic options exist for treatment of IC/BPS. A novel high MW GAG biopolymer ("SuperGAG") was synthesized by controlled oligomerization of CS, purified by TFF and characterized by SEC-MALLS and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The modified GAG biopolymer was tested in an OVX female rat model in which bladder permeability was induced by a 10-minute intravesicular treatment with dilute (1 mg/ml) protamine sulfate and measured by classical Ussing Chamber TEER measurements following treatment with SuperGAG, chondroitin sulfate, or saline. The effect on abrogating the abdominal pain response was assessed using von Frey filaments. The SuperGAG biopolymer was then investigated in a second, genetically modified mouse model (URO-MCP1) that increasingly is accepted as a model for IC/BPS. Permeability was induced with a brief exposure to a sub-noxious dose of LPS and was quantified using contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI). The SuperGAG biopolymer restored impermeability to normal levels in the OVX rat model as measured by TEER in the Ussing chamber and reduced the abdominal pain response arising from induced permeability. Evaluation in the URO-MCP1 mouse model also showed restoration of bladder impermeability and showed the utility of CE-MRI imaging for evaluating the efficacy of agents to restore bladder impermeability. We conclude novel high MW SuperGAG biopolymers are effective in restoring urothelial impermeability and reducing pain produced by loss of the GAG layer on the urothelium. SuperGAG biopolymers could offer a novel and effective new therapy for IC/BPS, particularly if combined with MRI to assess the efficacy of the therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rheal A. Towner
- Oklahoma Center for NeuroscienceOklahoma University Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance CenterOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOKUSA
- Department of PathologyOklahoma University Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Beverley Greenwood‐Van Meerveld
- Oklahoma Center for NeuroscienceOklahoma University Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
- Department of PhysiologyOklahoma University Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Ehsan Mohammadi
- Oklahoma Center for NeuroscienceOklahoma University Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Debra Saunders
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance CenterOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Nataliya Smith
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance CenterOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Grannum R. Sant
- Department of UrologyTufts University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu J, Chen Q, Deng C, Xu B, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Lu T. Exquisite design of injectable Hydrogels in Cartilage Repair. Theranostics 2020; 10:9843-9864. [PMID: 32863963 PMCID: PMC7449920 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage damage is still a threat to human beings, yet there is currently no treatment available to fully restore the function of cartilage. Recently, due to their unique structures and properties, injectable hydrogels have been widely studied and have exhibited high potential for applications in therapeutic areas, especially in cartilage repair. In this review, we briefly introduce the properties of cartilage, some articular cartilage injuries, and now available treatment strategies. Afterwards, we propose the functional and fundamental requirements of injectable hydrogels in cartilage tissue engineering, as well as the main advantages of injectable hydrogels as a therapy for cartilage damage, including strong plasticity and excellent biocompatibility. Moreover, we comprehensively summarize the polymers, cells, and bioactive molecules regularly used in the fabrication of injectable hydrogels, with two kinds of gelation, i.e., physical and chemical crosslinking, which ensure the excellent design of injectable hydrogels for cartilage repair. We also include novel hybrid injectable hydrogels combined with nanoparticles. Finally, we conclude with the advances of this clinical application and the challenges of injectable hydrogels used in cartilage repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University School of Life Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baoping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Zeiyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Tingli Lu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University School of Life Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jensen MM, Jia W, Schults AJ, Isaacson KJ, Steinhauff D, Green B, Zachary B, Cappello J, Ghandehari H, Oottamasathien S. Temperature-responsive silk-elastinlike protein polymer enhancement of intravesical drug delivery of a therapeutic glycosaminoglycan for treatment of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Biomaterials 2019; 217:119293. [PMID: 31276948 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis (IC), also known as painful bladder syndrome, is a debilitating chronic condition with many patients failing to respond to current treatment options. Rapid clearance, mucosal coating, and tight epithelium create strong natural barriers that reduce the effectiveness of many pharmacological interventions in the bladder. Intravesical drug delivery (IDD) is the administration of therapeutic compounds or devices to the urinary bladder via a urethral catheter. Previous work in improving IDD for IC has focused on the sustained delivery of analgesics within the bladder and other small molecule drugs which do not address underlying inflammation and bladder damage. Therapeutic glycosaminoglycans (GAG) function by restoring the mucosal barrier within the bladder, promoting healing responses, and preventing irritating solutes from reaching the bladder wall. There is an unmet medical need for a therapy that provides both acute relief of symptoms while alleviating underlying physiological sources of inflammation and promoting healing within the urothelium. Semi-synthetic glycosaminoglycan ethers (SAGE) are an emerging class of therapeutic GAG with intrinsic anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. To reduce SAGE clearance and enhance its accumulation in the bladder, we developed a silk-elastinlike protein polymer (SELP) based system to enhance SAGE IDD. We evaluated in vitro release kinetics, rheological properties, impact on bladder function, pain response, and bladder inflammation and compared their effectiveness to other temperature-responsive polymers including Poloxamer 407 and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol). SAGE delivered via SELP-enhanced intravesical delivery substantially improved SAGE accumulation in the urothelium, provided a sustained analgesic effect 24 h after administration, and reduced inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Martin Jensen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA; (b)Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Wanjian Jia
- Division of Urology, Section of Pediatric Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84113, USA
| | - Austin J Schults
- Division of Urology, Section of Pediatric Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84113, USA
| | - Kyle J Isaacson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA; (b)Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Douglas Steinhauff
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA; (b)Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Bryant Green
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA; (b)Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - B Zachary
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Joseph Cappello
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA; (b)Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Siam Oottamasathien
- Division of Urology, Section of Pediatric Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84113, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA; Department of Surgery and Division of Pediatric Urology, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, 84113, USA; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Division of Pediatric Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Martin Jensen M, Jia W, Schults AJ, Ye X, Prestwich GD, Oottamasathien S. IL-33 mast cell axis is central in LL-37 induced bladder inflammation and pain in a murine interstitial cystitis model. Cytokine 2018; 110:420-427. [PMID: 29784508 PMCID: PMC6103803 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis (IC), also known as painful bladder syndrome (PBS), is a debilitating chronic condition that afflicts over 3 million women above the age of 18 in the U.S., and most patients fail to respond to current treatment options. Mast cells have previously been implicated as both a diagnostic and prognostic marker in IC/PBS. Patients with IC/PBS have been shown to have elevated levels of IL-33, a cytokine released in response to tissue insult, in their urine. We hypothesize that mast cell-mediated inflammation induced from IL-33 may play an important role in initiating pain and inflammation in IC/PBS. A human cathelicidin, LL-37, which is found at elevated levels in IC/PBS patients, was used to induce an IC/PBS-like state of inflammation and bladder pain in mast cell deficient C-kit (-/-) and wild type C57Bl/6 (WT) mice. Inflammation was quantified using myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression in bladder tissues measured via ELISA. Response rate to suprapubic stimulation from von Frey filaments was used to assess the relative pain and discomfort. Both types of mice increased IL-33 expression in response to LL-37 exposure. However, mast cell deficient mice demonstrated significantly lower levels of inflammation (p < 0.001) and reduced pain response (p < 0.001) compared to WT mice. These findings implicate an IL-33-mast cell dependent axis with a potential etiology of pain and inflammation in IC/PBS. Future therapeutics aimed at targeting the IL-33 - mast cell axis could potentially serve as useful targets for treating IC/PBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Martin Jensen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Wanjian Jia
- Division of Urology, Section of Pediatric Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84113, USA
| | - Austin J Schults
- Division of Urology, Section of Pediatric Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84113, USA
| | - Xiangyang Ye
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Glenn D Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Siam Oottamasathien
- Division of Urology, Section of Pediatric Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84113, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA; Department of Surgery and Division of Pediatric Urology, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, 84113, USA; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Division of Pediatric Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jia W, Schults AJ, Jensen MM, Ye X, Alt JA, Prestwich GD, Oottamasathien S. Bladder pain in an LL-37 interstitial cystitis and painful bladder syndrome model. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2017; 5:10-17. [PMID: 29034266 PMCID: PMC5636891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Our goal was to evaluate the pain response in an LL-37 induced murine model for interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS). In particular, we sought to characterize the dose dependence, time-course, and relationship of LL-37 induced bladder inflammation and pain. The IC/PBS model was induced in C57Bl/6 mice by instilling 50 μL of LL-37, an immunomodulatory human cathelicidin (anti-microbial peptide), in the bladder for 1 hr. Pain responses were measured using von Frey filaments (0.04 gm to 4.0 gm) before and after LL-37 instillation. Inflammation was evaluated using tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay, gross inspection, and microscopic histologic examination. The dose response experiment demonstrated a graded pain response, with higher concentrations of LL-37 challenge yielding higher pain responses across all stimuli tested. Statistical significance was seen when comparing 1.0 gm von Frey filament results at 320 μM (68 ± 8% response) vs. 0 μM (38 ± 6% response). Interestingly, pain responses did not attenuate across time but increased significantly after 5 (p=0.0012) and 7 days (p=0.0096). Comparison with MPO data suggested that pain responses could be independent of inflammation. We demonstrated within our LL-37 induced IC/PBS model pain occurs in a dose-dependent fashion, pain responses persist beyond the initial point of insult, and our dose response and time course experiments demonstrated that pain was independent of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanjian Jia
- Division of Urology, Section of Pediatric Urology, University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT
| | - Austin J Schults
- Division of Urology, Section of Pediatric Urology, University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Xiangyang Ye
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT
- Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT
- Department of Surgery and Division of OtolaryngologySalt Lake City, UT
| | - Glenn D Prestwich
- Department of Bioengineering, University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT
- Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT
| | - Siam Oottamasathien
- Division of Urology, Section of Pediatric Urology, University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT
- Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT
- Department of Surgery and Division of Pediatric Urology, Primary Children’s HospitalSalt Lake City, UT
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Thomas AJ, Pulsipher A, Davis BM, Alt JA. LL-37 causes cell death of human nasal epithelial cells, which is inhibited with a synthetic glycosaminoglycan. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183542. [PMID: 28837619 PMCID: PMC5570287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
LL-37 is an immune peptide that regulates innate and adaptive immune responses in the upper airways. Elevated levels of LL-37 have been linked to cell death and inflammatory diseases, such as chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are polysaccharides that are found on respiratory epithelial cells and serve important roles in mucosal surface repair. Recent findings suggest that a synthetic glycosaminoglycan (GM-0111) can protect against LL-37-induced sinonasal mucosal inflammation and cell death in a murine model of acute RS. Herein, we elucidated the mechanisms by which LL-37 causes sinonasal inflammation and how GM-0111 can prevent these mechanisms. When challenged with LL-37, human nasal epithelial cells (HNEpCs) and mouse macrophages (J774.2) demonstrated increased release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and interleukin (IL)-6 and -8, as well as cell death and lysis. These cellular responses were all blocked dose-dependently by pre-treatment with GM-0111. We identified that LL-37-induced cell death is associated with caspase-1 and -8 activation, but not activation of caspase-3/7. These responses were again blocked by GM-0111. Our data suggest that LL-37 causes cellular death of HNEpCs and macrophages through the pro-inflammatory necrotic and/or pyroptotic pathways rather than apoptosis, and that a GM-0111 is capable of inhibiting these pro-inflammatory cellular events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Thomas
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology - Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology - Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Brock M. Davis
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology - Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jeremiah A. Alt
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology - Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jensen MM, Jia W, Isaacson KJ, Schults A, Cappello J, Prestwich GD, Oottamasathien S, Ghandehari H. Silk-elastinlike protein polymers enhance the efficacy of a therapeutic glycosaminoglycan for prophylactic treatment of radiation-induced proctitis. J Control Release 2017; 263:46-56. [PMID: 28232224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced proctitis (RIP) is the most common clinical adverse effect for patients receiving radiotherapy as part of the standard course of treatment for ovarian, prostate, colon, and bladder cancers. RIP limits radiation dosage, interrupts treatment, and lowers patients' quality of life. A prophylactic treatment that protects the gastrointestinal tract from deleterious effects of radiotherapy will significantly improve patient quality of life and may allow for higher and more regular doses of radiation therapy. Semi-synthetic glycosaminoglycan (GAG), generated from the sulfation of hyaluronic acid, are anti-inflammatory but have difficulty achieving therapeutic levels in many tissues. To enhance the delivery of GAG, we created an in situ gelling rectal delivery system using silk-elastinlike protein polymers (SELPs). Using solutions of SELP 815K (which contains 6 repeats of blocks comprised of 8 silk-like units, 15 elastin-like units, and 1 lysine-substituted elastin-like unit) with GAG GM-0111, we created an injectable delivery platform that transitioned in <5min from a liquid at room temperature to a hydrogel at body temperature. The hydrogels released 50% of their payload within 30min and enhanced the accumulation of GAG in the rectum compared to traditional enema-based delivery. Using a murine model of radiation-induced proctitis, the prophylactic delivery of a single dose of GAG from a SELP matrix administered prior to irradiation significantly reduced radiation-induced pain after 3, 7, and 21days by 53±4%, 47±10%, and 12±6%, respectively. Matrix-mediated delivery of GAG by SELP represents an innovative method for more effective treatment of RIP and promises to improve quality of life of cancer patients by allowing higher radiotherapy doses with improved safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Martin Jensen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Wanjian Jia
- Division of Urology, Section of Pediatric Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84113, USA
| | - Kyle J Isaacson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Austin Schults
- Division of Urology, Section of Pediatric Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84113, USA
| | - Joseph Cappello
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Glenn D Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Siam Oottamasathien
- Division of Urology, Section of Pediatric Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84113, USA; Department of Surgery and Division of Pediatric Urology, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT 84113, USA.
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pulsipher A, Qin X, Thomas AJ, Prestwich GD, Oottamasathien S, Alt JA. Prevention of sinonasal inflammation by a synthetic glycosaminoglycan. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2016; 7:177-184. [PMID: 27863138 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are polysaccharides that are distributed on respiratory epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and submucosal glands. Uniquely positioned, certain GAGs exhibit anti-inflammatory properties in respiratory diseases and serve important roles in repairing mucosal surfaces and modulating mucociliary clearance. We hypothesized that topical administration of a synthetic GAG (GM-0111) would prevent sinonasal inflammation in a mouse model of rhinosinusitis (RS). METHODS To test our hypothesis, C57BL/6 mice were intranasally administered fluorescent GM-0111, and sinonasal tissues were examined for coating and penetration ability. To test therapeutic feasibility, mice (n = 6) were given GM-0111 or hyaluronic acid (HA; 800 μg dose) prior to inducing RS with inflammatory molecule LL-37 (115 μg dose). After 24 hours, sinonasal tissues were harvested for histological and biochemical analysis of inflammatory markers (inflammatory cell infiltration, lamina propria [LP] thickening, and neutrophil enzyme myeloperoxidase [MPO]) and cell death. RESULTS GM-0111 was observed within sinonasal tissues 1 hour and 24 hours after intranasal administration, indicating rapid and effective coating and penetration. GM-0111 prevented sinonasal tissues from developing inflammatory changes, with significant reductions in mast cell infiltration (p < 0.05), LP thickening (p < 0.001), and MPO levels (p < 0.01) when compared to tissues treated with LL-37 and those pretreated with HA. GM-0111 reduced cell death within sinonasal tissues in contrast to LL-37-treated tissues. CONCLUSION We report a new synthetic GAG (GM-0111) that uniformly coats and penetrates into the sinonasal mucosa to prevent sinonasal inflammation and cell death in a mouse model of RS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Pulsipher
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery; University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT.,GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Xuan Qin
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery; University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Andrew J Thomas
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery; University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Glenn D Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, Salt Lake City, UT.,GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Siam Oottamasathien
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, Salt Lake City, UT.,Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery; University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, Salt Lake City, UT
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
The Role of Neutrophil Proteins on the Amyloid Beta-RAGE Axis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163330. [PMID: 27676391 PMCID: PMC5038948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously showed an elevated expression of the neutrophil protein, cationic antimicrobial protein of 37kDa (CAP37), in brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), suggesting that CAP37 could be involved in AD pathogenesis. The first step in determining how CAP37 might contribute to AD pathogenesis was to identify the receptor through which it induces cell responses. To identify a putative receptor, we performed GAMMA analysis to determine genes that positively correlated with CAP37 in terms of expression. Positive correlations with ligands for the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) were observed. Additionally, CAP37 expression positively correlated with two other neutrophil proteins, neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) demonstrated an interaction between CAP37, neutrophil elastase, and cathepsin G with RAGE. Amyloid beta 1–42 (Aβ1–42), a known RAGE ligand, accumulates in AD brains and interacts with RAGE, contributing to Aβ1–42 neurotoxicity. We questioned whether the binding of CAP37, neutrophil elastase and/or cathepsin G to RAGE could interfere with Aβ1–42 binding to RAGE. Using ELISAs, we determined that CAP37 and neutrophil elastase inhibited binding of Aβ1–42 to RAGE, and this effect was reversed by protease inhibitors in the case of neutrophil elastase. Since neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G have enzymatic activity, mass spectrometry was performed to determine the proteolytic activity of all three neutrophil proteins on Aβ1–42. All three neutrophil proteins bound to Aβ1–42 with different affinities and cleaved Aβ1–42 with different kinetics and substrate specificities. We posit that these neutrophil proteins could modulate neurotoxicity in AD by cleaving Aβ1–42 and influencing the Aβ1–42 –RAGE interaction. Further studies will be required to determine the biological significance of these effects and their relevance in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. Our findings identify a novel area of study that underscores the importance of neutrophils and neutrophil proteins in neuroinflammatory diseases such as AD.
Collapse
|
19
|
Eichler TE, Becknell B, Easterling RS, Ingraham SE, Cohen DM, Schwaderer AL, Hains DS, Li B, Cohen A, Metheny J, Tridandapani S, Spencer JD. Insulin and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway regulate Ribonuclease 7 expression in the human urinary tract. Kidney Int 2016; 90:568-79. [PMID: 27401534 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a systemic disease associated with a deficiency of insulin production or action. Diabetic patients have an increased susceptibility to infection with the urinary tract being the most common site. Recent studies suggest that Ribonuclease 7 (RNase 7) is a potent antimicrobial peptide that plays an important role in protecting the urinary tract from bacterial insult. Because the impact of diabetes on RNase 7 expression and function are unknown, we investigated the effects of insulin on RNase 7 using human urine specimens. The urinary RNase 7 concentrations were measured in healthy control patients and insulin-deficient type 1 diabetics before and after starting insulin therapy. Compared with controls, diabetic patients had suppressed urinary RNase 7 concentrations, which increased with insulin. Using primary human urothelial cells, the mechanisms by which insulin stimulates RNase 7 synthesis were next explored. Insulin induced RNase 7 production via the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase signaling pathway (PI3K/AKT) to shield urothelial cells from uropathogenic E. coli. In contrast, uropathogenic E. coli suppressed PI3K/AKT activity and RNase 7 production. Thus, insulin and PI3K/AKT signaling are essential for RNase 7 expression and increased infection risks in diabetic patients may be secondary to suppressed RNase 7 production. Our data may provide unique insight into novel urinary tract infection therapeutic strategies in at-risk populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tad E Eichler
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian Becknell
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert S Easterling
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, Ohio, USA; University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Susan E Ingraham
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel M Cohen
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew L Schwaderer
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - David S Hains
- Innate Immunity Translational Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Foundation Research Institute at Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Birong Li
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ariel Cohen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jackie Metheny
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Susheela Tridandapani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - John David Spencer
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Savage JR, Pulsipher A, Rao NV, Kennedy TP, Prestwich GD, Ryan ME, Lee WY. A Modified Glycosaminoglycan, GM-0111, Inhibits Molecular Signaling Involved in Periodontitis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157310. [PMID: 27308827 PMCID: PMC4911086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is characterized by microbial infection, inflammation, tissue breakdown, and accelerated loss of alveolar bone matrix. Treatment targeting these multiple stages of the disease provides ways to treat or prevent periodontitis. Certain glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) block multiple inflammatory mediators as well as suppress bacterial growth, suggesting that these GAGs may be exploited as a therapeutic for periodontitis. Methods We investigated the effects of a synthetic GAG, GM-0111, on various molecular events associated with periodontitis: growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) pathogenic bacteria associated with periodontitis; activation of pro-inflammatory signaling through TLR2 and TLR4 in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and heterologously expressed HEK 293 cells; osteoclast formation and bone matrix resorption in cultured mouse pre-osteoclasts. Results (1) GM-0111 suppressed the growth of P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans even at 1% (w/v) solution. The antibacterial effects of GM-0111 were stronger than hyaluronic acid (HA) or xylitol in P. gingivalis at all concentrations and comparable to xylitol in A. actinomycetemcomitans at ≥2% (w/v) solution. We also observed that GM-0111 suppressed biofilm formation of P. gingivalis and these effects were much stronger than HA. (2) GM-0111 inhibited TLR-mediated pro-inflammatory cellular signaling both in macrophage and HEK 293 cells with higher selectivity for TLR2 than TLR4 (IC50 of 1–10 ng/mL vs. > 100 μg/mL, respectively). (3) GM-0111 blocked RANKL-induced osteoclast formation (as low as 300 ng/mL) and bone matrix resorption. While GM-0111 showed high affinity binding to RANKL, it did not interfere with RANKL/RANK/NF-κB signaling, suggesting that GM-0111 inhibits osteoclast formation by a RANKL-RANK-independent mechanism. Conclusions We report that GM-0111 inhibits multiple molecular events involved in periodontitis, spanning from the early pro-inflammatory TLR signaling, to pathways activated at the later stage component of bone loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin R. Savage
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, United States of America
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, United States of America
| | - Narayanam V. Rao
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, United States of America
| | - Thomas P. Kennedy
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, United States of America
- Pulmonary Diseases Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, United States of America
| | - Glenn D. Prestwich
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, United States of America
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, United States of America
| | - Maria E. Ryan
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, United States of America
| | - Won Yong Lee
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dinis S, de Oliveira JT, Pinto R, Cruz F, Buffington CT, Dinis P. From bladder to systemic syndrome: concept and treatment evolution of interstitial cystitis. Int J Womens Health 2015; 7:735-44. [PMID: 26229509 PMCID: PMC4516339 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s60798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis, presently known as bladder pain syndrome, has been recognized for over a century but is still far from being understood. Its etiology is unknown and the syndrome probably harbors different diseases. Autoimmune dysfunction, urothelial leakage, infection, central and peripheral nervous system dysfunction, genetic disease, childhood trauma/abuse, and subsequent stress response system dysregulation might be implicated. Management is slowly evolving from a solo act by the end-organ specialist to a team approach based on new typing and phenotyping of the disease. However, oral and invasive treatments are still largely aimed at the bladder and are based on currently proposed pathophysiologic mechanisms. Future research will better define the disease, permitting individualization of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Dinis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Tavares de Oliveira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, ULHT, Lisbon, Portugal ; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (IPATIMUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Pinto
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal ; Department of Urology, Hospital de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Cruz
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal ; Department of Urology, Hospital de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ca Tony Buffington
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, OH, USA
| | - Paulo Dinis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal ; Department of Urology, Hospital de São João, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
The Origin, Expression, Function and Future Research Focus of a G Protein-coupled Receptor, Mas-related Gene X2 (MrgX2). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 50:11-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proghi.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
23
|
Anderegg U, Simon JC, Averbeck M. More than just a filler - the role of hyaluronan for skin homeostasis. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:295-303. [PMID: 24628940 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, hyaluronan (HA) has become an increasingly attractive substance as a non-immunogenic filler and scaffolding material in cosmetic dermatology. Despite its wide use for skin augmentation and rejuvenation, relatively little is known about the molecular structures and interacting proteins of HA in normal and diseased skin. However, a comprehensive understanding of cutaneous HA homeostasis is required for future the development of HA-based applications for skin regeneration. This review provides an update on HA-based structures, expression, metabolism and its regulation, function and pharmacological targeting of HA in skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Anderegg
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang G. Human antimicrobial peptides and proteins. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2014; 7:545-94. [PMID: 24828484 PMCID: PMC4035769 DOI: 10.3390/ph7050545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As the key components of innate immunity, human host defense antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) play a critical role in warding off invading microbial pathogens. In addition, AMPs can possess other biological functions such as apoptosis, wound healing, and immune modulation. This article provides an overview on the identification, activity, 3D structure, and mechanism of action of human AMPs selected from the antimicrobial peptide database. Over 100 such peptides have been identified from a variety of tissues and epithelial surfaces, including skin, eyes, ears, mouths, gut, immune, nervous and urinary systems. These peptides vary from 10 to 150 amino acids with a net charge between -3 and +20 and a hydrophobic content below 60%. The sequence diversity enables human AMPs to adopt various 3D structures and to attack pathogens by different mechanisms. While α-defensin HD-6 can self-assemble on the bacterial surface into nanonets to entangle bacteria, both HNP-1 and β-defensin hBD-3 are able to block cell wall biosynthesis by binding to lipid II. Lysozyme is well-characterized to cleave bacterial cell wall polysaccharides but can also kill bacteria by a non-catalytic mechanism. The two hydrophobic domains in the long amphipathic α-helix of human cathelicidin LL-37 lays the basis for binding and disrupting the curved anionic bacterial membrane surfaces by forming pores or via the carpet model. Furthermore, dermcidin may serve as ion channel by forming a long helix-bundle structure. In addition, the C-type lectin RegIIIα can initially recognize bacterial peptidoglycans followed by pore formation in the membrane. Finally, histatin 5 and GAPDH(2-32) can enter microbial cells to exert their effects. It appears that granulysin enters cells and kills intracellular pathogens with the aid of pore-forming perforin. This arsenal of human defense proteins not only keeps us healthy but also inspires the development of a new generation of personalized medicine to combat drug-resistant superbugs, fungi, viruses, parasites, or cancer. Alternatively, multiple factors (e.g., albumin, arginine, butyrate, calcium, cyclic AMP, isoleucine, short-chain fatty acids, UV B light, vitamin D, and zinc) are able to induce the expression of antimicrobial peptides, opening new avenues to the development of anti-infectious drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangshun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986495 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6495, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dellis A, Papatsoris AG. Intravesical treatment of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis: from the conventional regimens to the novel botulinum toxin injections. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 23:751-7. [PMID: 24749738 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.909406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bladder pain syndrome (BPS) includes interstitial cystitis (IC) and is often used as a synonym of it (i.e., BPS/IC). It is associated with lower urinary tract symptoms as well as with negative cognitive, behavioral, sexual and/or emotional consequences. Unfortunately, none of the numerous existing oral and intravesical treatments have been effective for all of the BPS subtypes and therefore relevant research is ongoing. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors analyze the existing literature for the intravesical treatment of BPS/IC with focus on the novel administration of botulinum toxin (BTX). Several intravesical drugs have been studied in the past, including lidocaine, heparin, pentosan polysulfate sodium, dimethyl sulfoxide, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid as well as investigational drugs such as GM-0111. Recently, intravesical submucosal injections of BTX have been studied in patients with BPS/IC. EXPERT OPINION Most of the recent studies use BTX-A with no serious adverse effects and with satisfactory results in patients who do not respond to oral or standard intravesical therapy. Nevertheless, there is no consensus regarding the best dosage scheme of BTX, the injection sites and the treatment intervals. BTX intravesical administration in patients with BPS/IC is a safe and efficient treatment option; yet the level of evidence of the initial studies is not high. There is still the need for large randomized controlled studies so that a consensus can be reached for the ideal BTX dosage, injection sites and intervals between treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Dellis
- University of Athens, Areteion Hospital, 2nd Department of Surgery , Athens , Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|