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Wu M, Guan G, Yin H, Niu Q. A Review of the Bromodomain and Extraterminal Domain Epigenetic Reader Proteins: Function on Virus Infection and Cancer. Viruses 2024; 16:1096. [PMID: 39066258 PMCID: PMC11281655 DOI: 10.3390/v16071096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The BET (bromodomain and extraterminal domain) family of proteins, particularly BRD4 (bromodomain-containing protein 4), plays a crucial role in transcription regulation and epigenetic mechanisms, impacting key cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and the DNA damage response. BRD4, the most studied member of this family, binds to acetylated lysines on both histones and non-histone proteins, thereby regulating gene expression and influencing diverse cellular functions such as the cell cycle, tumorigenesis, and immune responses to viral infections. Given BRD4's involvement in these fundamental processes, it is implicated in various diseases, including cancer and inflammation, making it a promising target for therapeutic development. This review comprehensively explores the roles of the BET family in gene transcription, DNA damage response, and viral infection, discussing the potential of targeted small-molecule compounds and highlighting BET proteins as promising candidates for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (M.W.); (G.G.); (H.Y.)
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Guiquan Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (M.W.); (G.G.); (H.Y.)
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Hong Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (M.W.); (G.G.); (H.Y.)
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qingli Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (M.W.); (G.G.); (H.Y.)
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
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2
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Ji Y, Chen W, Wang X. Bromodomain and Extraterminal Domain Protein 2 in Multiple Human Diseases. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 389:277-288. [PMID: 38565308 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.002036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain and extraterminal domain protein 2 (BRD2), a member of the bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) protein family, is a crucial epigenetic regulator with significant function in various diseases and cellular processes. The central function of BRD2 is modulating gene transcription by binding to acetylated lysine residues on histones and transcription factors. This review highlights key findings on BRD2 in recent years, emphasizing its roles in maintaining genomic stability, influencing chromatin spatial organization, and participating in transcriptional regulation. BRD2's diverse functions are underscored by its involvement in diseases such as malignant tumors, neurologic disorders, inflammatory conditions, metabolic diseases, and virus infection. Notably, the potential role of BRD2 as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target is discussed in the context of various diseases. Although pan inhibitors targeting the BET family have shown promise in preclinical studies, a critical need exists for the development of highly selective BRD2 inhibitors. In conclusion, this review offers insights into the multifaceted nature of BRD2 and calls for continued research to unravel its intricate mechanisms and harness its therapeutic potential. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: BRD2 is involved in the occurrence and development of diseases through maintaining genomic stability, influencing chromatin spatial organization, and participating in transcriptional regulation. Targeting BRD2 through protein degradation-targeting complexes technology is emerging as a promising therapeutic approach for malignant cancer and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikang Ji
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology
| | - Wantao Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology
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3
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Yeon J, Kim E, Bazarragchaa B, Kim SY, Huh JY, Park H, Suh SS, Seo JB. Stellera chamaejasme L. extract inhibits adipocyte differentiation through activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300520. [PMID: 38512891 PMCID: PMC10956757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Stellera chamaejasme L. (SCL) is a perennial herb with demonstrated bioactivities against inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Adipocyte differentiation is a critical regulator of metabolic homeostasis and a promising target for the treatment of metabolic diseases, so we examined the effects of SCL on adipogenesis. A methanol extract of SCL dose-dependently suppressed intracellular lipid accumulation in adipocyte precursors cultured under differentiation induction conditions and reduced expression of the adipogenic transcription factors PPARγ and C/EBPα as well as the downstream lipogenic genes fatty acid binding protein 4, adiponectin, fatty acid synthase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase. The extract also promoted precursor cell proliferation and altered expression of the cell cycle regulators cyclin-dependent kinase 4, cyclin E, and cyclin D1. In addition, SCL extract stimulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, while pharmacological inhibition of ERK effectively blocked the inhibitory effects of SCL extract on preadipocyte differentiation. These results suggest that SCL extract contains bioactive compounds that can suppress adipogenesis through modulation of the ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaegoo Yeon
- Department of Biosciences, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbin Kim
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Soo-Yong Kim
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Huh
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuntae Park
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Suk Suh
- Department of Biosciences, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bae Seo
- Department of Biosciences, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
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Chen Y, Zhao T, Han M, Chen Y. miR-143 promotes cell proliferation, invasion and migration via directly binding to BRD2 in lens epithelial cells. Am J Transl Res 2024; 16:446-457. [PMID: 38463605 PMCID: PMC10918123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cataract causes the greatest number of blindnesses worldwide. This study aims to investigate the role of miR-143 in lens epithelial cells. METHODS Clustering analysis was conducted to systematically compare miRNA expression levels across cataract and myopia. The levels of miR-143 and Bromodomain containing 2 (BRD2) were determined using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay in lens epithelial cells. Transwell and wound healing assays were conducted to detect cell invasive and migratory abilities. The regulation relationship between MiR-143 and BRD2 was assessed using dual-luciferase reporter gene assays. BRD2 was knocked down using siRNA-BRD2, and siRNA-BRD2, and miR-143 inhibitors were transfected into cells with lipofectamine 2000. RESULTS Through retrieving five databases, 2690 miRNAs were selected. Volcano plot results demonstrated that 200 miRNAs were differentially expressed between cataract and myopia, in which 152 miRNAs were upregulated and 48 miRNAs downregulated in myopia compared with cataract. MiR-143 was upregulated in cataract compared with myopia (P<0.05). MiR-143 inhibitor suppressed the proliferation, invasion and migration of lens epithelial cells (all P<0.05). Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that BRD2 was a miR-143 target gene in SRA01/04 cells. Knockdown of BRD2 promoted SRA01/04 cell proliferation, invasion and migration (all P<0.05). In addition, silencing of BRD2 partially reversed the functions of miR-143 inhibitor on proliferation, invasion and migration (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION MiR-143 suppresses lens epithelial cell proliferation, invasion and migration by regulating BRD2, which may support a novel therapeutic strategy for cataract patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mengyu Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital Beijing 100029, China
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Roles of Bromodomain Extra Terminal Proteins in Metabolic Signaling and Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15081032. [PMID: 36015180 PMCID: PMC9414451 DOI: 10.3390/ph15081032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BET proteins, which recognize and bind to acetylated histones, play a key role in transcriptional regulation. The development of chemical BET inhibitors in 2010 greatly facilitated the study of these proteins. BETs play crucial roles in cancer, inflammation, heart failure, and fibrosis. In particular, BETs may be involved in regulating metabolic processes, such as adipogenesis and metaflammation, which are under tight transcriptional regulation. In addition, acetyl-CoA links energy metabolism with epigenetic modification through lysine acetylation, which creates docking sites for BET. Given this, it is possible that the ambient energy status may dictate metabolic gene transcription via a BET-dependent mechanism. Indeed, recent studies have reported that various BET proteins are involved in both metabolic signaling regulation and disease. Here, we discuss some of the most recent information on BET proteins and their regulation of the metabolism in both cellular and animal models. Further, we summarize data from some randomized clinical trials evaluating BET inhibitors for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Mochizuki K, Ishiyama S, Hariya N, Goda T. Regulation of Carbohydrate-Responsive Metabolic Genes by Histone Acetylation and the Acetylated Histone Reader BRD4 in the Gene Body Region. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:682696. [PMID: 34336926 PMCID: PMC8321877 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.682696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies indicate that induction of metabolic gene expression by nutrient intake, and in response to subsequently secreted hormones, is regulated by transcription factors binding to cis-elements and associated changes of epigenetic memories (histone modifications and DNA methylation) located in promoter and enhancer regions. Carbohydrate intake-mediated induction of metabolic gene expression is regulated by histone acetylation and the histone acetylation reader bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) on the gene body region, which corresponds to the transcribed region of the gene. In this review, we introduce carbohydrate-responsive metabolic gene regulation by (i) transcription factors and epigenetic memory in promoter/enhancer regions (promoter/enhancer-based epigenetics), and (ii) histone acetylation and BRD4 in the gene body region (gene body-based epigenetics). Expression of carbohydrate-responsive metabolic genes related to nutrient digestion and absorption, fat synthesis, inflammation in the small intestine, liver and white adipose tissue, and in monocytic/macrophage-like cells are regulated by various transcription factors. The expression of these metabolic genes are also regulated by transcription elongation via histone acetylation and BRD4 in the gene body region. Additionally, the expression of genes related to fat synthesis, and the levels of acetylated histones and BRD4 in fat synthesis-related genes, are downregulated in white adipocytes under insulin resistant and/or diabetic conditions. In contrast, expression of carbohydrate-responsive metabolic genes and/or histone acetylation and BRD4 binding in the gene body region of these genes, are upregulated in the small intestine, liver, and peripheral leukocytes (innate leukocytes) under insulin resistant and/or diabetic conditions. In conclusion, histone acetylation and BRD4 binding in the gene body region as well as transcription factor binding in promoter/enhancer regions regulate the expression of carbohydrate-responsive metabolic genes in many metabolic organs. Insulin resistant and diabetic conditions induce the development of metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, by reducing the expression of BRD4-targeted carbohydrate-responsive metabolic genes in white adipose tissue and by inducing the expression of BRD4-targeted carbohydrate-responsive metabolic genes in the liver, small intestine, and innate leukocytes including monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Mochizuki
- Department of Local Produce and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- Department of Integrated Applied Life Science, Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Shiori Ishiyama
- Department of Integrated Applied Life Science, Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Natsuyo Hariya
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Yamanashi Gakuin University, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Toshinao Goda
- Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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7
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Zhou L, Han YF, Yuan C, Duan ZQ. Screening and bioinformatics analysis of cellular proteins interacting with chicken bromodomain-containing protein 2 in DF-1 cells. Br Poult Sci 2021; 62:810-819. [PMID: 34152239 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.1943311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
1. Bromodomain-containing protein 2 (BRD2) is an important member of the BET protein family, which can specifically bind histone acetylated lysine to participate in gene transcriptional regulation, chromatin remodelling, cell proliferation and apoptosis. The following investigation of cellular proteins interacting with chBRD2 will be helpful in understanding the new functions of chBRD2 and the mechanism of NDV replication.2. The recombinant eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-chBRD2 and empty vector pEGFP-C1 were transfected into DF-1 cells to overexpress GFP-chBRD2 and GFP, respectively. GO annotation, KEGG pathway, and protein-protein interaction network were used to analyse the cellular proteins interacting with chBRD2. In addition, one targeted protein was selected to verify its interaction with chBRD2 using fluorescent co-localisation and Co-IP.3. A total of 225 cellular proteins were identified that potentially interact with chBRD2. GO analysis showed that these play key roles in gene transcriptional regulation, cell cycle and development, immunity and viral infection. Further KEGG pathway analysis showed that these proteins were mainly involved in genetic information processing, immune system, cellular processes and translation. In addition, one targeted cellular protein chicken matrin 3 (chMATR3) was also identified as chBRD2 complex using both fluorescence co-localisation and Co-IP analysis.4. This study presents the interactome data of chBRD2 protein in DF-1 cells, which provides new information to understand the functions of chBRD2 and new targets for further investigating the replication and pathogenesis of NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountains Region, Ministry of Education (Guizhou University)/Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Y F Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountains Region, Ministry of Education (Guizhou University)/Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - C Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountains Region, Ministry of Education (Guizhou University)/Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Z Q Duan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountains Region, Ministry of Education (Guizhou University)/Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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8
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Burillo J, Marqués P, Jiménez B, González-Blanco C, Benito M, Guillén C. Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Mellitus in Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:1236. [PMID: 34069890 PMCID: PMC8157600 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a progressive disease that is characterized by the appearance of insulin resistance. The term insulin resistance is very wide and could affect different proteins involved in insulin signaling, as well as other mechanisms. In this review, we have analyzed the main molecular mechanisms that could be involved in the connection between type 2 diabetes and neurodegeneration, in general, and more specifically with the appearance of Alzheimer's disease. We have studied, in more detail, the different processes involved, such as inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Burillo
- Department of Biochemistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.); (P.M.); (B.J.); (C.G.-B.); (M.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance (MOIR2), General Direction of Universities and Investigation (CCMM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Marqués
- Department of Biochemistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.); (P.M.); (B.J.); (C.G.-B.); (M.B.)
- Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance (MOIR2), General Direction of Universities and Investigation (CCMM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Jiménez
- Department of Biochemistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.); (P.M.); (B.J.); (C.G.-B.); (M.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance (MOIR2), General Direction of Universities and Investigation (CCMM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos González-Blanco
- Department of Biochemistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.); (P.M.); (B.J.); (C.G.-B.); (M.B.)
- Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance (MOIR2), General Direction of Universities and Investigation (CCMM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Benito
- Department of Biochemistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.); (P.M.); (B.J.); (C.G.-B.); (M.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance (MOIR2), General Direction of Universities and Investigation (CCMM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Guillén
- Department of Biochemistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.B.); (P.M.); (B.J.); (C.G.-B.); (M.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance (MOIR2), General Direction of Universities and Investigation (CCMM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Tian XP, Cai J, Ma SY, Fang Y, Huang HQ, Lin TY, Rao HL, Li M, Xia ZJ, Kang TB, Xie D, Cai QQ. BRD2 induces drug resistance through activation of the RasGRP1/Ras/ERK signaling pathway in adult T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2020; 40:245-259. [PMID: 32459053 PMCID: PMC7307265 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult patients with T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) are treated with high-intensity chemotherapy regimens, but the response rate is still unsatisfactory because of frequent drug resistance. We aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms of drug resistance in adults with T-LBL. METHODS Gene expression microarray was used to identify differential mRNA expression profiles between chemotherapy-resistant and chemotherapy-sensitive adult T-LBL tissues. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect the expression of bromodomain-containing protein 2 (BRD2) and c-Myc in fresh-frozen T-LBL tissues from 85 adult patients. The Ras pull-down assay was performed to monitor Ras activation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to analyze the binding of E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1)/BRD2 to the RAS guanyl releasing protein 1 (RasGRP1) promoter region. The drug resistance effect and mechanism of BRD2 were determined by both in vivo and in vitro studies. RESULTS A total of 86 chemotherapy resistance-related genes in adult T-LBL were identified by gene expression microarray. Among them, BRD2 was upregulated in chemotherapy-resistant adult T-LBL tissues and associated with worse progression-free survival and overall survival of 85 adult T-LBL patients. Furthermore, BRD2 suppressed doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. The activation of RasGRP1/Ras/ERK signaling might contribute to the Dox resistance effect of BRD2. Besides, OTX015, a bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) inhibitor, reversed the Dox resistance effect of BRD2. Patient-derived tumor xenograft demonstrated that the sequential use of OTX015 after Dox showed superior therapeutic effects. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that BRD2 promotes drug resistance in adult T-LBL through the RasGRP1/Ras/ERK signaling pathway. Targeting BRD2 may be a novel strategy to improve the therapeutic efficacy and prolong survival of adults with T-LBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Peng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Yun Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Qiang Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Tong-Yu Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Lan Rao
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Jun Xia
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Tie-Bang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
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10
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Trivedi A, Mehrotra A, Baum CE, Lewis B, Basuroy T, Blomquist T, Trumbly R, Filipp FV, Setaluri V, de la Serna IL. Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins regulate melanocyte differentiation. Epigenetics Chromatin 2020; 13:14. [PMID: 32151278 PMCID: PMC7063807 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-020-00333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacologic inhibition of bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins is currently being explored as a new therapeutic approach in cancer. Some studies have also implicated BET proteins as regulators of cell identity and differentiation through their interactions with lineage-specific factors. However, the role of BET proteins has not yet been investigated in melanocyte differentiation. Melanocyte inducing transcription factor (MITF) is the master regulator of melanocyte differentiation, essential for pigmentation and melanocyte survival. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that BET proteins regulate melanocyte differentiation through interactions with MITF. RESULTS Here we show that chemical inhibition of BET proteins prevents differentiation of unpigmented melanoblasts into pigmented melanocytes and results in de-pigmentation of differentiated melanocytes. BET inhibition also slowed cell growth, without causing cell death, increasing the number of cells in G1. Transcriptional profiling revealed that BET inhibition resulted in decreased expression of pigment-specific genes, including many MITF targets. The expression of pigment-specific genes was also down-regulated in melanoma cells, but to a lesser extent. We found that RNAi depletion of the BET family members, bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) and bromodomain-containing protein 2 (BRD2) inhibited expression of two melanin synthesis enzymes, TYR and TYRP1. Both BRD4 and BRD2 were detected on melanocyte promoters surrounding MITF-binding sites, were associated with open chromatin structure, and promoted MITF binding to these sites. Furthermore, BRD4 and BRD2 physically interacted with MITF. CONCLUSION These findings indicate a requirement for BET proteins in the regulation of pigmentation and melanocyte differentiation. We identified changes in pigmentation specific gene expression that occur upon BET inhibition in melanoblasts, melanocytes, and melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archit Trivedi
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3035 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614 USA
| | - Aanchal Mehrotra
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3035 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614 USA
- Present Address: Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Caitlin E. Baum
- Department of Pathology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3035 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614 USA
| | - Brandon Lewis
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3035 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614 USA
| | - Tupa Basuroy
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3035 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614 USA
- Present Address: Cancer Center Division, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, 149 Thirteenth Street, 7th Floor, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA
| | - Thomas Blomquist
- Department of Pathology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3035 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614 USA
| | - Robert Trumbly
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3035 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614 USA
| | - Fabian V. Filipp
- Cancer Systems Biology, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, München, 85764 Germany
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University München, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 3, Freising, 85354 Germany
| | - Vijayasaradhi Setaluri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, The School of Medicine and Public Health, 1 S. Park Street, Madison, WI 53715 USA
| | - Ivana L. de la Serna
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3035 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614 USA
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11
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Zong J, Li S, Wang Y, Mo W, Sun R, Yu M. Bromodomain-containing protein 2 promotes lipolysis via ERK/HSL signalling pathway in white adipose tissue of mice. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 281:105-116. [PMID: 31121164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction is prevalent among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Uncontrolled free fatty acid (FFA) release from WAT stores has detrimental effects on lipid metabolism, leading to insulin resistance. Bromodomain-containing protein 2 (Brd2) has emerged as a central transcriptional regulator of adipocyte differentiation and pancreatic β-cell bioactivity. A recent study shows that Brd2 overexpression leads to insulin resistance in mice. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects have not been fully elucidated. This study provides the first evidence that adenoviral-mediated Brd2 overexpression in the WAT of mice increases lipolysis-related gene expression in addition to significantly reducing WAT size and promoting plasma FFA release. Brd2 overexpression in adipocytes also inhibits fat synthesis-related gene expression, while activating hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) expression and ERK-dependent perilipin 1 inhibition as well as promoting glycerol release, which are all involved in lipolysis. Collectively, these results indicate that Brd2 triggers insulin resistance via lipolysis-mediated FFA release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyu Zong
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuting Li
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuxiong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Mo
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ruixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Min Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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12
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Abstract
Understanding adipogenesis, the process of adipocyte development, may provide new ways to treat obesity and related metabolic diseases. Adipogenesis is controlled by coordinated actions of lineage-determining transcription factors and epigenomic regulators. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and C/EBPα are master "adipogenic" transcription factors. In recent years, a growing number of studies have reported the identification of novel transcriptional and epigenomic regulators of adipogenesis. However, many of these novel regulators have not been validated in adipocyte development in vivo and their working mechanisms are often far from clear. In this minireview, we discuss recent advances in transcriptional and epigenomic regulation of adipogenesis, with a focus on factors and mechanisms shared by both white adipogenesis and brown adipogenesis. Studies on the transcriptional regulation of adipogenesis highlight the importance of investigating adipocyte differentiation in vivo rather than drawing conclusions based on knockdown experiments in cell culture. Advances in understanding of epigenomic regulation of adipogenesis have revealed critical roles of histone methylation/demethylation, histone acetylation/deacetylation, chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, and microRNAs in adipocyte differentiation. We also discuss future research directions that may help identify novel factors and mechanisms regulating adipogenesis.
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13
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Lee DJ, Hwang JH, Ha J, Yu GE, Kwon S, Park DH, Kang DG, Kim TW, Park HC, An SM, Kim CW. Identification of a Bromodomain-containing Protein 2 (BRD2) Gene Polymorphic Variant and Its Effects on Pork Quality Traits in Berkshire Pigs. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2018; 38:703-710. [PMID: 30206429 PMCID: PMC6131382 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2018.e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 2 (BRD2) is a nuclear serine/threonine kinase involved in transcriptional regulation. We investigated the expression and association of the BRD2 gene as a candidate gene for meat quality traits in Berkshire pigs. BRD2 mRNA was expressed at relatively high levels in muscle tissue. Statistical analysis revealed that the c.1709G>C polymorphism of the BRD2 gene was significantly associated with carcass weight, meat color (a*, redness), protein content, cooking loss, water-holding capacity, carcass temperatures 4, 12 and 24 h postmortem, and the 24 h postmortem pH in 384 Berkshire pigs. Therefore, this polymorphism in the porcine BRD2 gene may be used as a candidate genetic marker to improve meat quality traits in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ju Lee
- Department of Animal Resource Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science & Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Jung Hye Hwang
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science & Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Jeongim Ha
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science & Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Go Eun Yu
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science & Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Seulgi Kwon
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science & Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Da Hye Park
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science & Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Deok Gyeong Kang
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science & Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science & Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Hwa Chun Park
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science & Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Sang Mi An
- Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science & Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Chul Wook Kim
- Department of Animal Resource Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science & Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea.,Swine Science and Technology Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science & Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea
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14
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Andrieu GP, Shafran JS, Deeney JT, Bharadwaj KR, Rangarajan A, Denis GV. BET proteins in abnormal metabolism, inflammation, and the breast cancer microenvironment. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:265-274. [PMID: 29493812 PMCID: PMC6134394 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5ri0917-380rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its associated pathology Type 2 diabetes are two chronic metabolic and inflammatory diseases that promote breast cancer progression, metastasis, and poor outcomes. Emerging critical opinion considers unresolved inflammation and abnormal metabolism separately from obesity; settings where they do not co-occur can inform disease mechanism. In breast cancer, the tumor microenvironment is often infiltrated with T effector and T regulatory cells programmed by metabolic signaling. The pathways by which tumor cells evade immune surveillance, immune therapies, and take advantage of antitumor immunity are poorly understood, but likely depend on metabolic inflammation in the microenvironment. Immune functions are abnormal in metabolic disease, and lessons learned from preclinical studies in lean and metabolically normal environments may not translate to patients with obesity and metabolic disease. This problem is made more urgent by the rising incidence of breast cancer among women who are not obese but who have metabolic disease and associated inflammation, a phenotype common in Asia. The somatic BET proteins, comprising BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4, are new critical regulators of metabolism, coactivate transcription of genes that encode proinflammatory cytokines in immune cell subsets infiltrating the microenvironment, and could be important targets in breast cancer immunotherapy. These transcriptional coregulators are well known to regulate tumor cell progression, but only recently identified as critical for metabolism, metastasis, and expression of immune checkpoint molecules. We consider interrelationships among metabolism, inflammation, and breast cancer aggressiveness relevant to the emerging threat of breast cancer among women with metabolic disease, but without obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan S. Shafran
- Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jude T. Deeney
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Obesity Research Center, Evans Biomedical Research Center; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kishan R. Bharadwaj
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Annapoorni Rangarajan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Gerald V. Denis
- Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Shadrick WR, Slavish PJ, Chai SC, Waddell B, Connelly M, Low JA, Tallant C, Young BM, Bharatham N, Knapp S, Boyd VA, Morfouace M, Roussel MF, Chen T, Lee RE, Kiplin Guy R, Shelat AA, Potter PM. Exploiting a water network to achieve enthalpy-driven, bromodomain-selective BET inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:25-36. [PMID: 29170024 PMCID: PMC5733700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Within the last decade, the Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal domain family (BET) of proteins have emerged as promising drug targets in diverse clinical indications including oncology, auto-immune disease, heart failure, and male contraception. The BET family consists of four isoforms (BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRDT/BRDT6) which are distinguished by the presence of two tandem bromodomains (BD1 and BD2) that independently recognize acetylated-lysine (KAc) residues and appear to have distinct biological roles. BET BD1 and BD2 bromodomains differ at five positions near the substrate binding pocket: the variation in the ZA channel induces different water networks nearby. We designed a set of congeneric 2- and 3-heteroaryl substituted tetrahydroquinolines (THQ) to differentially engage bound waters in the ZA channel with the goal of achieving bromodomain selectivity. SJ830599 (9) showed modest, but consistent, selectivity for BRD2-BD2. Using isothermal titration calorimetry, we showed that the binding of all THQ analogs in our study to either of the two bromodomains was enthalpy driven. Remarkably, the binding of 9 to BRD2-BD2 was marked by negative entropy and was entirely driven by enthalpy, consistent with significant restriction of conformational flexibility and/or engagement with bound waters. Co-crystallography studies confirmed that 9 did indeed stabilize a water-mediated hydrogen bond network. Finally, we report that 9 retained cytotoxicity against several pediatric cancer cell lines with EC50 values comparable to BET inhibitor (BETi) clinical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Shadrick
- Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Peter J Slavish
- Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Sergio C Chai
- Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Brett Waddell
- Molecular Interaction Analysis Shared Resource, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Michele Connelly
- Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jonathan A Low
- Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Cynthia Tallant
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Brandon M Young
- Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Nagakumar Bharatham
- Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Vincent A Boyd
- Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Marie Morfouace
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Martine F Roussel
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Richard E Lee
- Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - R Kiplin Guy
- Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Anang A Shelat
- Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Philip M Potter
- Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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16
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Sakurai N, Inamochi Y, Inoue T, Hariya N, Kawamura M, Yamada M, Dey A, Nishiyama A, Kubota T, Ozato K, Goda T, Mochizuki K. BRD4 regulates adiponectin gene induction by recruiting the P-TEFb complex to the transcribed region of the gene. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11962. [PMID: 28931940 PMCID: PMC5607256 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that induction of the adipocyte-specific gene adiponectin (Adipoq) during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation is closely associated with epigenetic memory histone H3 acetylation on the transcribed region of the gene. We used 3T3-L1 adipocytes and Brd4 heterozygous mice to investigate whether the induction of Adipoq during adipocyte differentiation is regulated by histone acetylation and the binding protein bromodomain containing 4 (BRD4) on the transcribed region. Depletion of BRD4 by shRNA and inhibition by (+)-JQ1, an inhibitor of BET family proteins including BRD4, reduced Adipoq expression and lipid droplet accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Additionally, the depletion and inhibition of BRD4 reduced the expression of many insulin sensitivity-related genes, including genes related to lipid droplet accumulation in adipocytes. BRD4 depletion reduced P-TEFb recruitment and histone acetylation on the transcribed region of the Adipoq gene. The expression levels of Adipoq and fatty acid synthesis-related genes and the circulating ADIPOQ protein level were lower in Brd4 heterozygous mice than in wild-type mice at 21 days after birth. These findings indicate that BRD4 regulates the Adipoq gene by recruiting P-TEFb onto acetylated histones in the transcribed region of the gene and regulates adipocyte differentiation by regulating the expression of genes related to insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Sakurai
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuko Inamochi
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takuya Inoue
- Division of Engineering, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Natsuyo Hariya
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Yamanashi Gakuin University, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Musashi Kawamura
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Local Produce and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masami Yamada
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Anup Dey
- Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Takeo Kubota
- Department of Child Studies, Faculty of Child Studies, Seitoku University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keiko Ozato
- Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Toshinao Goda
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Mochizuki
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan. .,Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Local Produce and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
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17
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Nandipati KC, Subramanian S, Agrawal DK. Protein kinases: mechanisms and downstream targets in inflammation-mediated obesity and insulin resistance. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 426:27-45. [PMID: 27868170 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2878-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-induced low-grade inflammation (metaflammation) impairs insulin receptor signaling. This has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance. Insulin signaling in the target tissues is mediated by stress kinases such as p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, inhibitor of NF-kB kinase complex β (IKKβ), AMP-activated protein kinase, protein kinase C, Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase, and RNA-activated protein kinase. Most of these kinases phosphorylate several key regulators in glucose homeostasis. The phosphorylation of serine residues in the insulin receptor and IRS-1 molecule results in diminished enzymatic activity in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. This has been one of the key mechanisms observed in the tissues that are implicated in insulin resistance especially in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2-DM). Identifying the specific protein kinases involved in obesity-induced chronic inflammation may help in developing the targeted drug therapies to minimize the insulin resistance. This review is focused on the protein kinases involved in the inflammatory cascade and molecular mechanisms and their downstream targets with special reference to obesity-induced T2-DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyana C Nandipati
- Department of Surgery, Creighton University School of Medicine, 601 N. 30th Street, Suite # 3700, Omaha, NE, 68131, USA.
- Department of Clinical & Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, 2500, California Plaza, Room # 510, Criss II, Omaha, NE, 68131, USA.
| | - Saravanan Subramanian
- Department of Clinical & Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, 2500, California Plaza, Room # 510, Criss II, Omaha, NE, 68131, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Clinical & Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, 2500, California Plaza, Room # 510, Criss II, Omaha, NE, 68131, USA
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18
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Huang M, Zeng S, Zou Y, Shi M, Qiu Q, Xiao Y, Chen G, Yang X, Liang L, Xu H. The suppression of bromodomain and extra-terminal domain inhibits vascular inflammation by blocking NF-κB and MAPK activation. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 174:101-115. [PMID: 27774624 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is increasing evidence indicating that bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins play a critical role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses; however, their contribution to vascular inflammation has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effect of inhibiting BET bromodomain on vascular inflammation and the underlying mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH HUVECs were isolated from fresh umbilical cords. JQ1, a specific BET bromodomain inhibitor, and Brd shRNA were used to evaluate the regulation of the BET proteins in vascular inflammation. Leukocyte adhesion to HUVECs was measure by an adhesion assay. Western blot or immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect the protein expression. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate mRNA expression. Leukocyte accumulation in vivo was determined by an acute lung inflammation model. KEY RESULTS BET bromodomain inhibition suppressed the expression of adhesion molecules induced by TNF-α- or LPS, including ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin, and inhibited leukocyte adhesion to activated HUVEC monolayers. Treatment with JQ1 also attenuated the LPS-induced accumulation of leukocytes and expression of endothelial adhesion molecules in the acute lung inflammation model in vivo. Furthermore, BET bromodomain inhibition reduced the activity of p38 and JNK MAPKs and NF-κB in TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs. TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation was also blocked by inhibitors of p38 (SB203580) or JNK (SP600125). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS BET bromodomain is important for regulating endothelial inflammation. Strategies targeting endothelial BET bromodomain may provide a new therapeutic approach for controlling inflammatory-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcheng Huang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shan Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaoyao Zou
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Maohua Shi
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Qiu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Youjun Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuyan Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liuqin Liang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanshi Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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19
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Sun R, Wu Y, Hou W, Sun Z, Wang Y, Wei H, Mo W, Yu M. Bromodomain-containing protein 2 induces insulin resistance via the mTOR/Akt signaling pathway and an inflammatory response in adipose tissue. Cell Signal 2016; 30:92-103. [PMID: 27865874 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a major metabolic abnormality in a large majority of patients with type II diabetes. Bromodomain-containing protein 2 (Brd2), a transcriptional co-activator/co-repressor with switch mating type/sucrose non-fermenting (SWI/SNF)-like functions that regulates chromatin, suppresses adipocyte differentiation and regulates pancreatic β-cell biology. However, the effects of Brd2 on insulin resistance remain unknown. Here, overexpression of Brd2 in white adipose tissue of wild-type (WT) mice led to insulin resistance. Brd2 overexpression induced the expression of nuclear Factor-κΒ (NF-κΒ) target genes, mainly involving proinflammatory and chemotactic factors, in adipocytes. Furthermore, it decreased the expression of DEP domain containing mTOR-interacting protein (Deptor) to enhance mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, thus blocking insulin signaling. Collectively, these results provided evidence for a novel role of Brd2 in chronic inflammation and insulin resistance, suggesting its potential in improving insulin resistance and treating metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weihua Hou
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zujun Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuxiong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huanhuan Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Mo
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Min Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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20
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BET bromodomain is a novel regulator of TAZ and its activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1859:1527-1537. [PMID: 27717711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) is a key transcriptional mediator of Hippo signaling that has been recently reported to mediate Wnt-activated transcription and serve as a component to suppress canonical Wnt/β-catenin activity. The Bromodomain and Extra-terminal domain (BET) family of proteins can recognize the acetylated lysine chain on histones and plays a critical role in transcriptional regulation. However, the mechanisms underlying transcriptional repression by the BET bromodomain are poorly understood. Here, we found that BET bromodomain inhibition upregulated TAZ protein and its transcriptional output, independent of its well-established role as a mediator of Hippo and Wnt signaling. Additionally, JQ1, a synthetic BET inhibitor, suppressed Wnt/β-catenin activity by upregulating TAZ. Although JQ1 upregulated TAZ, which is known to promote cell proliferation, it drastically suppressed the growth of colon cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest. Collectively, our study identified an unexpected transcriptional repression function of the BET bromodomain and a novel mechanism for TAZ upregulation.
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Park MJ, Song JH, Shon MS, Kim HO, Kwon OJ, Roh SS, Kim CY, Kim GN. Anti-Adipogenic Effects of Ethanol Extracts Prepared from Selected Medicinal Herbs in 3T3-L1 Cells. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2016; 21:227-235. [PMID: 27752499 PMCID: PMC5063208 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2016.21.3.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for various metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, we prepared ethanol extracts from Agastache rugosa (ARE), Chrysanthemum zawadskii (CZE), Mentha arvensis (MAE), Perilla frutescens (PFE), Leonurus sibiricus (LSE), Gardenia jasminoides (GJE), and Lycopus coreanus (LCE). The anti-oxidant and anti-adipogenic effects were evaluated. The IC50 values for ascorbic acid and LCE against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals were 246.2 μg/mL and 166.2 μg/mL, respectively, followed by ARE (186.6 μg/mL), CZE (198.6 μg/mL), MAE (337.1 μg/mL), PFE (415.3 μg/mL), LSE (548.2 μg/mL), and GJE (626.3 μg/mL). In non-toxic concentration ranges, CZE had a strong inhibitory effect against 3T3-L1 adipogenes (84.5%) than those of the other extracts. Furthermore, the anti-adipogenic effect of CZE is largely limited in the early stage of adipogenesis, and we revealed that the inhibitory role of CZE in adipogenesis is required for the activation of Wnt signaling. Our results provide scientific evidence that the anti-adipogenic effect of CZE can be applied as an ingredient for the development of functional foods and nutri-cosmetics for obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jun Park
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, Gyeongnam 51767, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Song
- Traditional and Biomedical Research Center, Daejeon 34520, Korea
| | - Myung-Soo Shon
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, Gyeongnam 51767, Korea
| | - Hae Ok Kim
- Department of Nursing, Kyungnam University, Gyeongnam 51767, Korea
| | - O Jun Kwon
- Gyeongbuk Regional Industry Evaluation, Daegyeong Institute for Regional Program Evaluation, Daegu 38542, Korea
| | - Seong-Soo Roh
- Department of Herbology, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Korea
| | - Choon Young Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea
| | - Gyo-Nam Kim
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, Gyeongnam 51767, Korea
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22
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Broome DT, Datta NS. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1: function and regulation in bone and related tissues. Connect Tissue Res 2016; 57:175-89. [PMID: 27031422 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2015.1125480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we have highlighted work that has clearly demonstrated that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase-1 (MKP-1), a negative regulator of MAPKs, is an important signaling mediator in bone, muscle, and fat tissue homeostasis and differentiation. Further, we examined recent studies with particular focus on MKP-1 overexpression or deletion and its impact on tissues connected to bone. We also summarized regulation of MKP-1 by known skeletal regulators like parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) and bone morphogenic proteins. MKP-1's integration into the pathophysiological state of osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, and muscular dystrophy are examined to emphasize possible involvement of MKP-1 both at the molecular level and in disease complications such as sarcopenia- or diabetes-related osteoporosis. We predict that understanding the mechanism of MKP-1-mediated signaling in bone-muscle-fat crosstalk will be a key in coordinating their activities and developing therapeutics to improve clinical outcomes for diseases associated with advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Broome
- a Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Nabanita S Datta
- a Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
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Gjoksi B, Ghayor C, Bhattacharya I, Zenobi-Wong M, Weber FE. The bromodomain inhibitor N-methyl pyrrolidone reduced fat accumulation in an ovariectomized rat model. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:42. [PMID: 27110299 PMCID: PMC4840488 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Weight gain is one of the consequences of estrogen deficiency and constitutes a major health problem. The present study highlights the effects of N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) on adipogenesis in osteoporosis induced by estrogen deficiency in an ovariectomized rat model. Results Ovariectomy resulted in body weight gain, increased femoral marrow adipocytes, and hypertrophic adipocytes in white adipose tissue, distorted serum leptin, and TNF-α and PPARγ levels. Treatment with NMP normalized these parameters similar to the control group. In vitro, NMP inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and hMSCs, indicating its anti-adipogenic effect. Moreover, PPARγ was significantly reduced with NMP treatment in in vivo and in vitro experiments. NMP inhibited BRD2 and BRD4 binding in an AlphaScreen assay, with an IC50 of 3 and 4 mM, respectively. The effect of NMP was consistent with its role as a bromodomain inhibitor. Conclusions Our data indicates that NMP inhibits the adipogenic effect of estrogen deficiency at the level of PPARγ expression by BRD4 inhibition. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-016-0209-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bebeka Gjoksi
- Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ; Cartilage Engineering + Regeneration Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chafik Ghayor
- Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Indranil Bhattacharya
- Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ; Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Cartilage Engineering + Regeneration Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ; CABMM, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franz E Weber
- Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ; CABMM, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Shon MS, Kim RH, Kwon OJ, Roh SS, Kim GN. Beneficial role and function of fisetin in skin health via regulation of the CCN2/TGF-β signaling pathway. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:133-141. [PMID: 30263498 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin is composed of multiple layers, including the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. Although several biological activities of fisetin have been reported, beneficial effects and the functions of fisetin in skin remain unclear. B16F10 melanoma cells, human skin fibroblasts, and 3T3-L1 cells were used to examine the beneficial effects of fisetin in skin health. α-MSH- and IBMX-induced melanosis in B16F10 melanoma cells was inhibited by fisetin treatment, which also enhanced mRNA expression levels of skin fibril-related genes via the CCN2/TGF-β signaling pathway. Decreased intracellular lipid accumulation via down-regulation of transcriptional factors through activation of the CCN2/TGF-β signaling pathway was observed. A novel function of fisetin in skin health via down-regulation of melanosis and adipogenesis, and up-regulation of skin fibril-related genes was observed. Evidence for development of nutri-cosmetics for skin health is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Soo Shon
- 1Department of Food, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, Changwon, 51767 Korea
| | - Ryeong-Hyeon Kim
- 1Department of Food, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, Changwon, 51767 Korea
| | - O Jun Kwon
- Daegyeong Institute for Regional Industry Evaluation, Daegyeong Institute for Regional Program Evaluation, Daegu, 38542 Korea
| | - Seong-Soo Roh
- 3Department of Herbology, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, 42158 Korea
| | - Gyo-Nam Kim
- 1Department of Food, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, Changwon, 51767 Korea
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Scaffold-free and scaffold-assisted 3D culture enhances differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 52:204-17. [PMID: 26542170 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9971-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
3D cultures of stem cells can preserve differentiation potential or increase the efficiency of methods that induce differentiation. Mouse bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) were cultured in 3D as scaffold-free spheroids or "mesoid bodies" (MBs) and as aggregates on poly(lactic) acid microspheres (MB/MS). 3D cultures demonstrated viable cells, interaction on multiple planes, altered cell morphology, and the formation of structures similar to epithelial cell bridges. Cell proliferation was limited in suspension cultures of MB and MB/MS; however, cells regained proliferative capacity when transferred to flat substrates of tissue culture plates (TCPs). Expanded as monolayer, cells retained expression of Sca-1 and CD44 stem cell markers. 3D cultures demonstrated enhanced potential for adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation showing higher triglyceride accumulation and robust mineralization in comparison with TCP cultures. Enhanced and efficient adipogenesis was also observed in 3D cultures generated in a rotating cell culture system. Preservation of multilineage potential of BMSC was demonstrated in 5-azacytidine treatment of 3D cultures and TCP by expression of cardiac markers GATA4 and ACTA1 although functioning cardiomyocytes were not derived.
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Li W, Li G, Zhang Y, Wei S, Song M, Wang W, Yuan X, Wu H, Yang Y. Role of P2 × 7 receptor in the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells into osteoblasts and adipocytes. Exp Cell Res 2015; 339:367-79. [PMID: 26481422 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Imbalance in osteogenesis and adipogenesis of bone marrow stromal cells is a crucial pathological process of osteoporosis. P2 × 7-deficient mice were previously shown to exhibit an osteopenic phenotype and abnormal fat distribution, leading us to hypothesize that P2 × 7R activation was involved in the differentiation of BMSCs. Consequently, we investigated the effect of P2 × 7R activation on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro, and established an ovariectomized (OVX) osteoporosis model to test P2 × 7R activation on adipocytes formation, trabecular and cortical bone parameters in vivo. Our results showed that activation of P2 × 7R by BzATP resulted in increase in the gene expression of osteoblastic markers, the activity of alkaline phosphatase and bone mineralization, and decrease in the gene expression of adipogenic markers and the number of adipocytes generated by BMSCs. MicroCT analysis showed that BzATP treatment ameliorated the micro-architecture of trabecular bones in OVX mice, while cortical bone parameters were unaffected. H&E staining analysis showed that was increase in the volume of trabecular bone and number of trabecular bone, and decrease in bone marrow adipocytes in BzATP-treated OVX mice compared with OVX mice. Also, activation of P2 × 7R transduced to ERK1/2 and JNK signaling pathways. This transduction was prevented by BBG, U0126, and SP600125. U0126 and SP600125 prevented BzATP-induced up-regulation of osteogenic-related genes expression and down-regulation of adipogenic-related genes expression. These data suggest that BzATP activates the differentiation of BMSCs into osteoblasts but not adipocytes by stimulating ERK1/2 and JNK signaling pathways in a P2 × 7R-dependent way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Guizhen Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Enshi Center Hospital, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Yingchi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mingyu Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xuefeng Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Chen K, He H, Xie Y, Zhao L, Zhao S, Wan X, Yang W, Mo Z. miR-125a-3p and miR-483-5p promote adipogenesis via suppressing the RhoA/ROCK1/ERK1/2 pathway in multiple symmetric lipomatosis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11909. [PMID: 26148871 PMCID: PMC4493643 DOI: 10.1038/srep11909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple symmetric lipomatosis (MSL) is a rare disease characterized by symmetric and abnormal distribution of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT); however, the etiology is largely unknown. We report here that miR-125a-3p and miR-483-5p are upregulated in the SAT of MSL patients, promoting adipogenesis through suppressing the RhoA/ROCK1/ERK1/2 pathway. TaqMan microRNA (miR) array analysis revealed that 18 miRs were upregulated in the SAT of MSL patients. Transfection of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) with the individual agomirs of these 18 miRs showed that miR-125a-3p and miR-483-5p significantly promoted adipogenesis. A dual-luciferase assay showed that RhoA and ERK1 were the targets of miR-125a-3p and miR-483-5p, respectively. Moreover, transfection of hADSCs with mimics of miR-125a-3p and miR-483-5p resulted in a pronounced decrease of ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the nucleus; conversely, transfection of hADSCs with inhibitors of miR-125a-3p and miR-483-5p led to a significant increase of ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the nucleus. Most importantly, we found that miR-125a-3p and miR-483-5p promoted de novo adipose tissue formation in nude mice. These results demonstrated that miR-125a-3p and miR-483-5p coordinately promoted adipogenesis through suppressing the RhoA/ROCK1/ERK1/2 pathway. Our findings may provide novel strategies for the management and treatment of MSL or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Honghui He
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Yanhong Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Liling Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Shaoli Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Xinxing Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Zhaohui Mo
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
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Hu YJ, Belaghzal H, Hsiao WY, Qi J, Bradner JE, Guertin DA, Sif S, Imbalzano AN. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of adipocyte differentiation by Jumonji domain-containing protein 6. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:7790-804. [PMID: 26117538 PMCID: PMC4652747 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Jumonji domain-containing protein 6 (JMJD6) is a nuclear protein involved in histone modification, transcription and RNA processing. Although JMJD6 is crucial for tissue development, the link between its molecular functions and its roles in any given differentiation process is unknown. We report that JMJD6 is required for adipogenic gene expression and differentiation in a manner independent of Jumonji C domain catalytic activity. JMJD6 knockdown led to a reduction of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ protein expression without affecting mRNA levels in the early phase of differentiation. However, ectopic expression of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ did not rescue differentiation. Further analysis demonstrated that JMJD6 was associated with the Pparγ2 and Cebpα loci and putative enhancers. JMJD6 was previously found associated with bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins, which can be targeted by the bromodomain inhibitor JQ1. JQ1 treatment prevented chromatin binding of JMJD6, Pparγ2 and Cebpα expression, and adipogenic differentiation, yet had no effect on C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ expression or chromatin binding. These results indicate dual roles for JMJD6 in promoting adipogenic gene expression program by post-transcriptional regulation of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ and direct transcriptional activation of Pparγ2 and Cebpα during adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Hu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Houda Belaghzal
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Wen-Yu Hsiao
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James E Bradner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David A Guertin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Saïd Sif
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anthony N Imbalzano
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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29
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Anti-adipogenic activity of blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) extract by regulation of 3T3-L1 adipogenesis through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0042-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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30
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Sun R, Wu Y, Wang Y, Zang K, Wei H, Wang F, Yu M. DNA methylation regulates bromodomain-containing protein 2 expression during adipocyte differentiation. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 402:23-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2310-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Barrett E, Brothers S, Wahlestedt C, Beurel E. I-BET151 selectively regulates IL-6 production. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:1549-55. [PMID: 24859008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Orchestration of the inflammatory response is crucial for clearing pathogens. Although the production of multiple inflammatory cytokines has been thought to be regulated by common mechanisms, recent evidence indicates that the expression of some cytokines is differentially regulated by epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. In this study, we found that IL-6 production is selectively inhibited by the BET bromodomain protein (BRD) inhibitor I-BET151 in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), whereas I-BET151 did not alter the production of several other cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β and IL-10) at the concentration of IBET151 used. I-BET151 prevented the binding of CBP to the promoter of IL-6, but I-BET151 did not affect acetylation, phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, or DNA binding of p65-NF-κB. In vivo, I-BET151 treatment in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model of multiple sclerosis decreased the early clinical symptoms, which are thought to be dependent on cytokine production. Altogether, these data suggest that targeting epigenetic-related proteins, such as BET proteins, may provide a strategy to reduce inflammation and the severity of inflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse Barrett
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Shaun Brothers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Eléonore Beurel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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