1
|
Liang G, Fang J, Zhang P, Ding S, Zhao Y, Feng Y. Metformin plus L-carnitine enhances brown/beige adipose tissue activity via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling to reduce lipid accumulation and inflammation in murine obesity. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20240900. [PMID: 38463531 PMCID: PMC10921440 DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-0900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated how Metformin (Met) combined with L-carnitine (L-car) modulates brown adipose tissue (BAT) to affect obesity. High-fat-induced obese rats received daily oral gavage with Met and/or L-car, followed by serum biochemical analysis, histopathological observation on adipose tissues, and immunochemistry test for the abdominal expression of BAT-specific uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Mouse-embryonic-fibroblast cells were induced into adipocytes, during which Met plus L-car was added with/without saturated fatty acid (SFA). The role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in adipocyte browning was investigated by gene silencing. Mitochondria biogenesis in adipocytes was inspected by Mitotracker staining. Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/BAT-related genes/proinflammatory marker expressions in adipose tissues and/or adipocytes were analyzed by Western blot, qRT-PCR, and/or immunofluorescence test. Met or L-car improved metabolic disorders, reduced adipocyte vacuolization and swelling, upregulated levels of BAT-related genes including UCP1 and downregulated proinflammatory marker expressions, and activated the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in adipose tissues of obese rats. Met and L-car functioned more strongly than alone. In adipocytes, Met plus L-car upregulated BAT-related gene levels and protected against SFA-caused inflammation promotion and mitochondria degeneration, which yet was attenuated by Nrf2 silencing. Met plus L-car enhances BAT activity and white adipose tissue browning via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to reduce lipid accumulation and inflammation in obese rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guojin Liang
- Anesthesiology Department, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jie Fang
- Paediatrics Department, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- Paediatrics Department, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Shuxia Ding
- Paediatrics Department, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Yudan Zhao
- Paediatrics Department, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Yueying Feng
- Paediatrics Department, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, No. 339 Liuting Street, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu S, Xi J, Wu T, Wang Z. The Role of Adipocyte Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Obese Adipose Tissue Dysfunction: A Review. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:4405-4418. [PMID: 37789878 PMCID: PMC10543758 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s428482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue dysfunction plays an important role in metabolic diseases associated with chronic inflammation, insulin resistance and lipid ectopic deposition in obese patients. In recent years, it has been found that under the stimulation of adipocyte endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), the over-activated ER unfolded protein response (UPR) exacerbates the inflammatory response of adipose tissue by interfering with the normal metabolism of adipose tissue, promotes the secretion of adipokines, and affects the browning and thermogenic pathways of adipose tissue, ultimately leading to the manifestation of metabolic syndrome such as ectopic lipid deposition and disorders of glucolipid metabolism in obese patients. This paper mainly summarizes the relationship between adipocyte ERS and obese adipose tissue dysfunction and provides an overview of the mechanisms by which ERS induces metabolic disorders such as catabolism, thermogenesis and inflammation in obese adipose tissue through the regulation of molecules and pathways such as NF-κB, ADPN, STAMP2, LPIN1, TRIP-Br2, NF-Y and SIRT2 and briefly describes the current mechanisms targeting adipocyte endoplasmic reticulum stress to improve obesity and provide ideas for intervention and treatment of obese adipose tissue dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Xu
- The First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaqiu Xi
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Wu
- The First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhonglin Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ajoolabady A, Lebeaupin C, Wu NN, Kaufman RJ, Ren J. ER stress and inflammation crosstalk in obesity. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:5-30. [PMID: 35975736 DOI: 10.1002/med.21921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) governs the proper folding of polypeptides and proteins through various chaperones and enzymes residing within the ER organelle. Perturbation in the ER folding process ensues when overwhelmed protein folding exceeds the ER handling capacity, leading to the accumulation of misfolded/unfolded proteins in the ER lumen-a state being referred to as ER stress. In turn, ER stress induces a gamut of signaling cascades, termed as the "unfolded protein response" (UPR) that reinstates the ER homeostasis through a panel of gene expression modulation. This type of UPR is usually deemed "adaptive UPR." However, persistent or unresolved ER stress hyperactivates UPR response, which ultimately, triggers cell death and inflammatory pathways, termed as "maladaptive/terminal UPR." A plethora of evidence indicates that crosstalks between ER stress (maladaptive UPR) and inflammation precipitate obesity pathogenesis. In this regard, the acquisition of the mechanisms linking ER stress to inflammation in obesity might unveil potential remedies to tackle this pathological condition. Herein, we aim to elucidate key mechanisms of ER stress-induced inflammation in the context of obesity and summarize potential therapeutic strategies in the management of obesity through maneuvering ER stress and ER stress-associated inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ajoolabady
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cynthia Lebeaupin
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ne N Wu
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Randal J Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ajackson M, Nagagata BA, Marcondes-de-Castro IA, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA, Aguila MB. Adult mice offspring of obese mothers supplemented with melatonin show lessened liver steatosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Life Sci 2023; 312:121253. [PMID: 36481166 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate, in the liver of adult offspring, the possible effects of melatonin supplementation in the obese mother during pregnancy and lactation. MAIN METHODS C57BL/6 females were fed with a control (C) or a high-fat (HF) diet and supplemented with melatonin (Mel) during the pregnancy and lactation, forming the groups: C, CMel, HF, and HFMel. After weaning until three months old, the offspring only received the C diet. KEY FINDINGS The HF mothers and their offspring showed higher body weight (BW) than the C mothers and offspring. However, at 3-mo-old, BW was reduced in HFMel vs. HF offspring. Also, plasmatic and liver lipid markers increased in HF vs. C offspring but were reduced in HFMel vs. HF offspring. Liver lipid content was lessened in HFMel vs. HF offspring by 50 %. Also, lipid metabolism, pro-inflammatory and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress genes were higher expressed in HF vs. C offspring but reduced in HFMel vs. HF offspring. Contrarily, beta-oxidation and antioxidant enzyme genes were less expressed in HF vs. C offspring but improved in HFMel vs. HF offspring. Finally, AMPK/mTOR pathway genes, initially dysregulated in the HF, were restored in the HFMel offspring. SIGNIFICANCE The obese mother leads to liver alterations in the offspring. Current findings demonstrated the maternal melatonin supplementation during pregnancy and lactation in adult offspring's liver. Consequently, the effects were seen in mitigating the liver's AMPK/mTOR pathway genes, lipogenesis, beta-oxidation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and ER stress, preventing liver disease progression in the offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Ajackson
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Brenda A Nagagata
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ilitch A Marcondes-de-Castro
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Marcia Barbosa Aguila
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee J, Lee H, Lee M. Physicochemical Properties of Mealworm (
Tenebrio molitor
larva) Oil and its Hypolipidemic Effect as a Replacement for Dietary Saturated Fat in Mice. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202100213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sunchon National University Suncheon 57922 Republic of Korea
| | - Hae‐In Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sunchon National University Suncheon 57922 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi‐Kyung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sunchon National University Suncheon 57922 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang L, Li X, Liu X, Wang X, Li X, Cheng X, Yan S, Zhu Y, Li R, Wen L, Wang J. Purified diet versus whole food diet and the inconsistent results in studies using animal models. Food Funct 2022; 13:4286-4301. [PMID: 35297926 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04311k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In animal models, purified diets (PDs) and whole food diets (WFDs) are used for different purposes. In similar studies, different dietary patterns may lead to inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of WFDs and PDs on changes in the metabolism of mice. We found that different dietary patterns produced different results in lipid metabolism experiments. Compared with those of the PD-fed mice, the WFD-fed mice had higher body weights and serum glucose, serum lipid, and liver lipid levels (p < 0.01), as well as low glucose tolerance (p < 0.01) and insulin sensitivity (p < 0.05). The body weight and fasting blood glucose increased by 20% in the WFD-fed mice, and the white adipose tissue weight increased by ∼50%. The WFD-fed mice also had a comparatively higher abundance of Lactobacillus, Turicibacter, Bifidobacterium, Desulfovibrio, and Candidatus saccharimonas (p < 0.01), which were positively correlated with lipid accumulation. Dietary patterns should be chosen cautiously in studies that use rodents as models. Inappropriate selection of animal dietary patterns may lead to experimental systematic errors and paradoxical results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linyu Zhang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, 410128, China.
| | - Xin Li
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, 410128, China.
| | - Xiangyan Liu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, 410128, China.
| | - Xianglin Wang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, 410128, China.
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, 410128, China.
| | - Xianyu Cheng
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, 410128, China.
| | - Sisi Yan
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, 410128, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, 410128, China.
| | - Rongfang Li
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, 410128, China. .,Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lixin Wen
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, 410128, China. .,Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, 410128, China. .,Changsha Lvye Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Changsha 410100, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Calì B, Agnellini AHR, Cioccarelli C, Sanchez-Rodriguez R, Predonzani A, Toffolo GI, Viola A, Bronte V, Arrigoni G, Zonta F, Albertoni L, Mescoli C, Marigo I, Molon B. GM-CSF Nitration Is a New Driver of Myeloid Suppressor Cell Activity in Tumors. Front Immunol 2021; 12:718098. [PMID: 34675917 PMCID: PMC8523982 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.718098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species, including RNS, contribute to the control of multiple immune cell functions within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells (TIMs) represent the archetype of tolerogenic cells that actively contribute to dismantle effective immunity against cancer. TIMs inhibit T cell functions and promote tumor progression by several mechanisms including the amplification of the oxidative/nitrosative stress within the TME. In tumors, TIM expansion and differentiation is regulated by the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), which is produced by cancer and immune cells. Nevertheless, the role of GM-CSF in tumors has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we show that GM-CSF activity is significantly affected by RNS-triggered post-translational modifications. The nitration of a single tryptophan residue in the sequence of GM-CSF nourishes the expansion of highly immunosuppressive myeloid subsets in tumor-bearing hosts. Importantly, tumors from colorectal cancer patients express higher levels of nitrated tryptophan compared to non-neoplastic tissues. Collectively, our data identify a novel and selective target that can be exploited to remodel the TME and foster protective immunity against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Calì
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrielly H R Agnellini
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Oncology and Immunology Section, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Cioccarelli
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica - Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Ricardo Sanchez-Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica - Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonella Viola
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica - Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bronte
- Verona University Hospital, Department of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Zonta
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Laura Albertoni
- Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Claudia Mescoli
- Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marigo
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Molon
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica - Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fernandes-da-Silva A, Miranda CS, Santana-Oliveira DA, Oliveira-Cordeiro B, Rangel-Azevedo C, Silva-Veiga FM, Martins FF, Souza-Mello V. Endoplasmic reticulum stress as the basis of obesity and metabolic diseases: focus on adipose tissue, liver, and pancreas. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:2949-2960. [PMID: 33742254 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02542-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity challenges lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. The resulting glucolipotoxicity causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysfunction, provoking the accumulation of immature proteins, which triggers the unfolded protein reaction (UPR) as an attempt to reestablish ER homeostasis. When the three branches of UPR fail to correct the unfolded/misfolded proteins, ER stress happens. Excessive dietary saturated fatty acids or fructose exhibit the same impact on the ER stress, induced by excessive ectopic fat accumulation or rising blood glucose levels, and meta-inflammation. These metabolic abnormalities can alleviate through dietary interventions. Many pathways are disrupted in adipose tissue, liver, and pancreas during ER stress, compromising browning and thermogenesis, favoring hepatic lipogenesis, and impairing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion within pancreatic beta cells. As a result, ER stress takes part in obesity, hepatic steatosis, and diabetes pathogenesis, arising as a potential target to treat or even prevent metabolic diseases. The scientific community seeks strategies to alleviate ER stress by avoiding inflammation, apoptosis, lipogenesis suppression, and insulin sensitivity augmentation through pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. This comprehensive review aimed to describe the contribution of excessive dietary fat or sugar to ER stress and the impact of this adverse cellular environment on adipose tissue, liver, and pancreas function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Fernandes-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av 28 de Setembro 87 fds, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Carolline Santos Miranda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av 28 de Setembro 87 fds, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Daiana Araujo Santana-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av 28 de Setembro 87 fds, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Brenda Oliveira-Cordeiro
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av 28 de Setembro 87 fds, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Camilla Rangel-Azevedo
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av 28 de Setembro 87 fds, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Flávia Maria Silva-Veiga
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av 28 de Setembro 87 fds, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Ferreira Martins
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av 28 de Setembro 87 fds, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av 28 de Setembro 87 fds, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sánchez V, Brandt A, Jin CJ, Rajcic D, Engstler AJ, Jung F, Nier A, Baumann A, Bergheim I. Fortifying Butterfat with Soybean Oil Attenuates the Onset of Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Glucose Intolerance. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030959. [PMID: 33809593 PMCID: PMC8001628 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The addition of plant oils such as soybean oil (S) to a diet rich in saturated fatty acids is discussed as a possible route to prevent or diminish the development of metabolic disease. Here, we assessed whether a butterfat-rich diet fortified with S affects the development of early non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and glucose intolerance. Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a standard-control diet (C); a fat-, fructose-, and cholesterol-rich diet (FFC, 25E% butterfat, 50% (wt./wt.) fructose, 0.16% (wt./wt.) cholesterol); or FFC supplemented with S (FFC + S, 21E% butterfat + 4E% S) for 13 weeks. Indicators of liver damage, inflammation, intestinal barrier function, and glucose metabolism were measured. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged J774A.1 cells were incubated with linolenic and linoleic acids (ratio 1:7.1, equivalent to S). The development of early NASH and glucose intolerance was significantly attenuated in FFC + S–fed mice compared to FFC-fed mice associated with lower hepatic toll-like receptor-4 mRNA expression, while markers of intestinal barrier function were significantly higher than in C-fed mice. Linolenic and linoleic acid significantly attenuated LPS-induced formation of reactive nitrogen species and interleukin-1 beta mRNA expression in J774A.1 cells. Our results indicate that fortifying butterfat with S may attenuate the development of NASH and glucose intolerance in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Sánchez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14/UZAII, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.S.); (A.B.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (F.J.); (A.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14/UZAII, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.S.); (A.B.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (F.J.); (A.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Cheng Jun Jin
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Dornburger Straße 25-29, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Dragana Rajcic
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14/UZAII, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.S.); (A.B.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (F.J.); (A.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Anna Janina Engstler
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14/UZAII, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.S.); (A.B.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (F.J.); (A.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Finn Jung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14/UZAII, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.S.); (A.B.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (F.J.); (A.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Anika Nier
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14/UZAII, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.S.); (A.B.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (F.J.); (A.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Anja Baumann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14/UZAII, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.S.); (A.B.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (F.J.); (A.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, R.F. Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14/UZAII, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (V.S.); (A.B.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (F.J.); (A.N.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-(1)-4277-54981; Fax: +43-1-4277-95-49
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Biochemical and nutritional overview of diet-induced metabolic syndrome models in rats: what is the best choice? Nutr Diabetes 2020; 10:24. [PMID: 32616730 PMCID: PMC7331639 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-020-0127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a condition that includes obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemias among other, abnormalities that favors type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases development. Three main diet-induced metabolic syndrome models in rats exist: High carbohydrate diet (HCHD), high fat diet (HFD), and high carbohydrate-high fat diet (HCHHFD). We analyzed data from at least 35 articles per diet, from different research groups, to determine their effect on the development of the MS, aimed to aid researchers in choosing the model that better suits their research question; and also the best parameter that defines obesity, as there is no consensus to determine this condition in rats. For the HCHD we found a mild effect on body weight gain and fasting blood glucose levels (FBG), but significant increases in triglycerides, fasting insulin, insulin resistance and visceral fat accumulation. HFD had the greater increase in the parameters previously mentioned, followed by HCHHFD, which had a modest effect on FBG levels. Therefore, to study early stages of MS a HCHD is recommended, while HFD and HCHHFD better reproduce more severe stages of MS. We recommend the assessment of visceral fat accumulation as a good estimate for obesity in the rat.
Collapse
|
11
|
α-Linolenic Acid-Enriched Cold-Pressed Perilla Oil Suppress High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis through Amelioration of the ER Stress-Mediated Autophagy. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112662. [PMID: 32521713 PMCID: PMC7321089 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Perilla oil has been considered to have excellent potential for treating various diseases due to its contents of beneficial fatty acids, such as α-linolenic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid. The therapeutic effects and molecular mechanism of an α-linolenic acid-enriched cold-pressed perilla oil (LEP) on hepatic steatosis of an obesity model were investigated by analyzing alterations in fat accumulation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated autophagy, in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity C57BL/6N mice treated with LEP for 16 weeks. Although no significant alterations were detected in body weight and most organ weights, the liver weight and accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver section were significantly lower in HFD + LEP treated group as compared to the HFD + Vehicle treated group. Reduced mRNA expression levels of adipogenesis and lipogenesis regulating factors, including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)α, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein 2 (aP2) were observed after LEP treatment for 16 weeks, while the levels of lipolysis were remarkably increased in the same group. Moreover, the LEP-treated groups showed suppression of ER stress-regulating factors, such as the C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), inositol-requiring protein 1 (IRE1)α, and Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) during anti-hepatic steatosis effects. The expression level of the microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) protein and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway for the autophagy response showed a significant decrease in the HFD+LEP-treated group. Furthermore, ER stress-mediated autophagy was accompanied with enhanced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), JNK, and p38 protein in the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway. Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that treatment with LEP inhibits hepatic steatosis in the HFD-induced obese model through regulation of adipogenesis and lipolysis. We believe our results are the first to show that the anti-hepatic steatosis activity of α-linolenic acid from cold-pressed perilla oil might be tightly correlated with the amelioration of ER stress-mediated autophagy.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhou H, Urso CJ, Jadeja V. Saturated Fatty Acids in Obesity-Associated Inflammation. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:1-14. [PMID: 32021375 PMCID: PMC6954080 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s229691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of various pathological conditions including insulin resistance, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Central to these conditions is obesity-associated chronic low-grade inflammation in many tissues including adipose, liver, muscle, kidney, pancreas, and brain. There is increasing evidence that saturated fatty acids (SFAs) increase the phosphorylation of MAPKs, enhance the activation of transcription factors such as nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and elevate the expression of inflammatory genes. This paper focuses on the mechanisms by which SFAs induce inflammation. SFAs may induce the expression inflammatory genes via different pathways including toll-like receptor (TLR), protein kinase C (PKC), reactive oxygen species (ROS), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. These findings suggest that SFAs act as an important link between obesity and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heping Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
| | - C J Urso
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
| | - Viren Jadeja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Nutrient overload occurs worldwide as a consequence of the modern diet pattern and the physical inactivity that sometimes accompanies it. Cells initiate multiple protective mechanisms to adapt to elevated intracellular metabolites and restore metabolic homeostasis, but irreversible injury to the cells can occur in the event of prolonged nutrient overload. Many studies have advanced the understanding of the different detrimental effects of nutrient overload; however, few reports have made connections and given the full picture of the impact of nutrient overload on cellular metabolism. In this review, detailed changes in metabolic and energy homeostasis caused by chronic nutrient overload, as well as their associations with the development of metabolic disorders, are discussed. Overnutrition-induced changes in key organelles and sensors rewire cellular bioenergetic pathways and facilitate the shift of the metabolic state toward biosynthesis, thereby leading to the onset of various metabolic disorders, which are essentially the downstream manifestations of a misbalanced metabolic equilibrium. Based on these mechanisms, potential therapeutic targets for metabolic disorders and new research directions are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Qiu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Vicki Schlegel
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Iwazaki E, Nade T, Kimura N. Effects of overfeeding on the fatty acid profile and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 indices in the liver and subcutaneous adipose tissue in cats. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1080-1085. [PMID: 31217402 PMCID: PMC6715916 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of overfeeding on fatty acid distribution and metabolism,
especially stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) indices, 8 cats in the experimental and
control groups (4 per group) were evaluated in this study. The experiments involved
feeding the experimental group cats twice their daily energy requirement with a commercial
diet for 4 weeks. The control group was fed the estimated daily energy requirement with
the same diet. Body weight, feline body mass index, body condition score, several zoometry
measurements, and plasma metabolites/hepatic injury markers were measured in all the cats
before and after the experiment. In addition, the fatty acid profiles in the liver and
subcutaneous adipose tissue were measured after the experiment. After 4 weeks of
overfeeding, the experimental group demonstrated significant increases in hepatic C18:1,
plasma triglyceride, and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations and in alanine
aminotransferase activity. Furthermore, hepatic SCD-1 indices were positively correlated
with body weight, feline body mass index, body condition score, and plasma NEFA
concentration, although subcutaneous adipose tissue did not demonstrate any increase in
SCD-1 indices in this study. The increase in hepatic SCD-1 indices might be enhanced by
the inflow of plasma NEFA into the liver, and NEFA toxicity might stimulate C18:1
synthesis by SCD-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Iwazaki
- Section of Academic Research, Department of Research and Development, Nippon Pet Food Co., Ltd., 2-2-4, Higashishinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-0002, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nade
- Faculty of Regional Innovation, University of Miyazaki, 1-1, Gakuenkibanadainishi, Miyazaki-shi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kimura
- Department of Animal Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1, Kyounanchou, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xia LL, Zhu QJ, Wu YG. Hepatoprotective effect of peony total glucosides and the underlying mechanisms in diabetic rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:2178-2187. [PMID: 29078720 PMCID: PMC6130753 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1390589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Total glucosides of peony (TGP), compounds extracted from the dried roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall, have been reported to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities. However, the protective effect of TGP on liver injury and the underlying mechanisms remains unknown in diabetic rats. OBJECTIVES Current study investigates prevention of liver injury by TGP in diabetic rats and its mechanism was related to the inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty adult male rats were randomly divided into: Normal group, diabetic group, TGP (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day) treatment groups (n = 10 per group). At the end of the 8th week, the liver was removed for biochemical and histological examinations. RESULTS Compared with the diabetic group, administration of TGP at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly prevented the increase of hepatic fibrosis score (ED50 139.4 mg/kg). Compared with diabetic group, TGP at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg showed an inhibition on the increased macrophage infiltration. MCP-1 and TNF-α mRNA and protein expression were significantly increased in diabetic group compared with normal group; TGP administration caused significant reduction of high levels of MCP-1 and TNF-α mRNA as well as protein levels. Also, TGP at all doses showed an inhibition on the increased GRP78 levels, p-Perk levels and p-Eif2α levels in liver from diabetic group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that TGP has potential as a treatment for diabetic liver injury attenuating liver lipid accumulation and inflammation as well as ERS induced by diabetic condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Xia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Jin Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Gui Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
- CONTACT Yong-Gui WuDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Effects of plant- and animal-based high-fat diets on lipid storage and distribution in environmental bacteria-colonized gnotobiotic mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:1075-1081. [PMID: 28923247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Different edible oils such as lard and soybean oil have been reported to interact with the gut microbiota, affecting host lipid metabolism. However, whether bacteria derived from the environment influence host lipid metabolism remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the roles of environmental bacteria in host lipid storage and distribution with various edible oils. Gnotobiotic C57BL/6JNarl mice were inoculated with Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus and Paenibacillus azoreducens and then fed either a normal diet (LabDiet 5010, control group) or a diet containing 60% lard (L-group) or soybean oil (S-group) for 18 months. Interestingly, the S-group accumulated massive amounts of white adipose tissue compared to the L- and control groups, while the L-group displayed more hepatic steatosis and fatty droplets than the other groups. The expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS), hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in the livers of the L-group were markedly elevated compared to the S-group. FAS and PPARγ protein levels were also markedly elevated. However, there were no differences in the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α between the groups. Our results suggest that environmental bacteria may affect host hepatic inflammation and lipid distribution in the presence of high-fat diets, with different effects depending on the fat type consumed.
Collapse
|
17
|
Ramos-Lopez O, Milagro FI, Allayee H, Chmurzynska A, Choi MS, Curi R, De Caterina R, Ferguson LR, Goni L, Kang JX, Kohlmeier M, Marti A, Moreno LA, Pérusse L, Prasad C, Qi L, Reifen R, Riezu-Boj JI, San-Cristobal R, Santos JL, Martínez JA. Guide for Current Nutrigenetic, Nutrigenomic, and Nutriepigenetic Approaches for Precision Nutrition Involving the Prevention and Management of Chronic Diseases Associated with Obesity. JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2017; 10:43-62. [PMID: 28689206 DOI: 10.1159/000477729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic diseases, including obesity, are major causes of morbidity and mortality in most countries. The adverse impacts of obesity and associated comorbidities on health remain a major concern due to the lack of effective interventions for prevention and management. Precision nutrition is an emerging therapeutic approach that takes into account an individual's genetic and epigenetic information, as well as age, gender, or particular physiopathological status. Advances in genomic sciences are contributing to a better understanding of the role of genetic variants and epigenetic signatures as well as gene expression patterns in the development of diverse chronic conditions, and how they may modify therapeutic responses. This knowledge has led to the search for genetic and epigenetic biomarkers to predict the risk of developing chronic diseases and personalizing their prevention and treatment. Additionally, original nutritional interventions based on nutrients and bioactive dietary compounds that can modify epigenetic marks and gene expression have been implemented. Although caution must be exercised, these scientific insights are paving the way for the design of innovative strategies for the control of chronic diseases accompanying obesity. This document provides a number of examples of the huge potential of understanding nutrigenetic, nutrigenomic, and nutriepigenetic roles in precision nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde" and Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tanaka M, Yasuoka A, Shimizu M, Saito Y, Kumakura K, Asakura T, Nagai T. Transcriptomic responses of the liver and adipose tissues to altered carbohydrate-fat ratio in diet: an isoenergetic study in young rats. GENES AND NUTRITION 2017; 12:10. [PMID: 28405243 PMCID: PMC5385083 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-017-0558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background To elucidate the effects of altered dietary carbohydrate and fat balance on liver and adipose tissue transcriptomes, 3-week-old rats were fed three kinds of diets: low-, moderate-, and high-fat diets (L, M, and H) containing a different ratio of carbohydrate-fat (C-F) (65:15, 60:20, and 35:45 in energy percent, respectively). Methods The rats consumed the diets for 9 weeks and were subjected to biochemical and DNA microarray analyses. Results The rats in the H-group exhibited lower serum triacylglycerol (TG) levels but higher liver TG and cholesterol content than rats in the L-group. The analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between each group (L vs M, M vs H, and L vs H) in the liver revealed about 35% of L vs H DEGs that were regulated in the same way as M vs H DEGs, and most of the others were L- vs H-specific. Gene ontology analysis of these L vs H DEGs indicated that those related to fatty acid synthesis and circadian rhythm were enriched. Interestingly, about 30% of L vs M DEGs were regulated in a reverse way compared with L vs H and M vs H DEGs. These reversed liver DEGs included M-up/H-down genes (Sds for gluconeogenesis from amino acids) and M-down/H-up genes (Gpd2 for gluconeogenesis from glycerol, Agpat9 for TG synthesis, and Acot1 for beta-oxidation). We also analyzed L vs H DEGs in white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissues and found that both oxidation and synthesis of fatty acids were inhibited in these tissues. Conclusions These results indicate that the alteration of dietary C-F balance differentially affects the transcriptomes of metabolizing and energy-storing tissues. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12263-017-0558-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Tanaka
- Nissin Global Innovation Center, Nissin Foods Holdings, 2100 Tobukimachi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0001 Japan
| | - Akihito Yasuoka
- Project on Health and Anti-Aging, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Center (LiSE) 4F C-4, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821 Japan
| | - Manae Shimizu
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 37-1 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0033 Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Saito
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
| | - Kei Kumakura
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 37-1 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0033 Japan
| | - Tomiko Asakura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
| | - Toshitada Nagai
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 37-1 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0033 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
High-fat diet feeding promotes stemness and precancerous changes in murine gastric mucosa mediated by leptin receptor signaling pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 610:16-24. [PMID: 27693038 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk for gastric cancers. However, the occurrence and mechanisms of precancerous atrophic gastritis induced by high-fat diet (HFD) remain unclear. Here, we show that HFD-associated lipotoxicity induces precancerous lesions that are accompanied by the disruption of organelle homeostasis, tissue integrity, and deregulated expression of stemness genes in the gastric epithelium mediated by leptin receptor (ObR) signaling. Following HFD feeding, ectopic fat accumulated and expression of LAMP2A in lysosome and COX IV in mitochondria increased in the gastric mucosa. HFD feeding also led to enhanced expression of activated-Notch1 and stem cell markers Lgr5, CD44, and EpCAM. In addition, HFD-fed mice showed intracellular β-catenin accumulation in the gastric mucosa with increased expression of its target genes, Nanog, Oct4, and c-Myc. These observations were abrogated in the leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and ObR-mutated db/db mice, indicating that these HFD-induced changes were responsible for effects downstream of the ObR. Consistent with this, the expression of the Class IA and III PI3Ks was increased following ObR activation in the gastric mucosa of HFD-fed mice. Together, these results suggest that HFD-induced lipotoxicity and deregulated organelle biosynthesis confer cancer stem cell-like properties to the gastric mucosa via signaling pathway mediated by leptin, PI3K and β-catenin.
Collapse
|
20
|
Pavlisova J, Bardova K, Stankova B, Tvrzicka E, Kopecky J, Rossmeisl M. Corn oil versus lard: Metabolic effects of omega-3 fatty acids in mice fed obesogenic diets with different fatty acid composition. Biochimie 2016; 124:150-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
|
21
|
Li S, Jiang W, Hu S, Song W, Ji L, Wang Y, Cai L. Fucosylated chondroitin sulphate from Cusumaria frondosa mitigates hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in insulin resistant mice. Food Funct 2016; 6:1547-56. [PMID: 25825143 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo01153h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated inflammation positively contributes to insulin resistance. It is also known that fucosylated chondroitin sulphate from Cusumaria frondosa (Cf-CHS) can mitigate insulin resistance; however, its effects on ER stress and inflammation are not well understood. Therefore, we investigated whether Cf-CHS-influenced ER stress, inflammatory response and signaling in insulin-resistant mice. Our results showed that Cf-CHS lowered serum and hepatic ROS, NO, and FFA levels. Furthermore, Cf-CHS decreased serum proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, CRP, MIP-1, IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations as well as their hepatic mRNA expression, and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels. Moreover, Cf-CHS reduced the ER stress markers Bip, ATF6, PERK, and XBP1 mRNA or protein expression, and PERK, eIF2α, and IRE1α phosphorylation. These reductions were accompanied by a reduced activation of JNK1 and IKKβ, NFκB nuclear translocation, and IR/IRS-2 serine phosphorylation in Cf-CHS-treated mice. These findings suggested that the Cf-CHS supplementary-induced alleviation of RE stress-associated inflammation could be the mechanism responsible for its beneficial effects against insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Li
- Innovation Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province 316022, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Maioli TU, Gonçalves JL, Miranda MCG, Martins VD, Horta LS, Moreira TG, Godard ALB, Santiago AF, Faria AMC. High sugar and butter (HSB) diet induces obesity and metabolic syndrome with decrease in regulatory T cells in adipose tissue of mice. Inflamm Res 2015; 65:169-78. [PMID: 26650032 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0902-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to develop a novel diet based on standard AIN93G diet that would be able to induce experimental obesity and impair immune regulation with high concentrations of both carbohydrate and lipids. METHODS To compare the effects of this high sugar and butter (HSB) diet with other modified diets, male C57BL/6 mice were fed either mouse chow, or AIN93G diet, or high sugar (HS) diet, or high-fat (HF) diet, or high sugar and butter (HSB) diet for 11 weeks ad libitum. HSB diet induced higher weight gain. Therefore, control AIN93G and HSB groups were chosen for additional analysis. Regulatory T cells were studied by flow cytometry, and cytokine levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Although HF and HSB diets were able to induce a higher weight gain compatible with obesity in treated mice, HSB-fed mice presented the higher levels of serum glucose after fasting and the lowest frequency of regulatory T cells in adipose tissue. In addition, mice that were fed HSB diet presented higher levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, hyperleptinemia, increased resistin and leptin levels as well as reduced adiponectin serum levels. Importantly, we found increased frequency of CD4(+)CD44(+) effector T cells, reduction of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) and Th3 regulatory T cells as well as decreased levels of IL-10 and TGF-β in adipose tissue of HSB-fed mice. CONCLUSION Therefore, HSB represents a novel model of obesity-inducing diet that was efficient in triggering alterations compatible with metabolic syndrome as well as impairment in immune regulatory parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiani Uceli Maioli
- Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP: 30130-100, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Lauar Gonçalves
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana Camila Gonçalves Miranda
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Dantas Martins
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Laila Sampaio Horta
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thais Garcias Moreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Brunialti Godard
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Andrezza Fernanda Santiago
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Caetano Faria
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fell GL, Nandivada P, Gura KM, Puder M. Intravenous Lipid Emulsions in Parenteral Nutrition. Adv Nutr 2015; 6:600-10. [PMID: 26374182 PMCID: PMC4561835 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.009084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat is an important macronutrient in the human diet. For patients with intestinal failure who are unable to absorb nutrients via the enteral route, intravenous lipid emulsions play a critical role in providing an energy-dense source of calories and supplying the essential fatty acids that cannot be endogenously synthesized. Over the last 50 y, lipid emulsions have been an important component of parenteral nutrition (PN), and over the last 10-15 y many new lipid emulsions have been manufactured with the goal of improving safety and efficacy profiles and achieving physiologically optimal formulations. The purpose of this review is to provide a background on the components of lipid emulsions, their role in PN, and to discuss the lipid emulsions available for intravenous use. Finally, the role of parenteral fat emulsions in the pathogenesis and management of PN-associated liver disease in PN-dependent pediatric patients is reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark Puder
- Vascular Biology Program and Departments of Surgery and
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hu S, Jiang W, Li S, Song W, Ji L, Cai L, Liu X. Fucosylated chondroitin sulphate from sea cucumber reduces hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated inflammation in obesity mice. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
25
|
Johns M, Fyalka R, Shea JA, Neumann WL, Rausaria S, Msengi EN, Imani-Nejad M, Zollars H, McPherson T, Schober J, Wooten J, Kwon G. SR-135, a peroxynitrite decomposing catalyst, enhances β-cell function and survival in B6D2F1 mice fed a high fat diet. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 577-578:49-59. [PMID: 25935364 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite has been implicated in β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance in obesity. Chemical catalysts that destroy peroxynitrite, therefore, may have therapeutic value for treating type 2 diabetes. To this end, we have recently demonstrated that Mn(III) bis(hydroxyphenyl)-dipyrromethene complexes, SR-135 and its analogs, can effectively catalyze the decomposition of peroxynitrite in vitro and in vivo through a 2-electron mechanism (Rausaria et al., 2011). To study the effects of SR-135 on glucose homeostasis in obesity, B6D2F1 mice were fed with a high fat-diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and treated with vehicle, SR-135 (5mg/kg), or a control drug SRB for 2 weeks. SR-135 significantly reduced fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, and enhanced glucose tolerance as compared to HFD control, vehicle or SRB. SR-135 also enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion based on ex vivo studies. Moreover, SR-135 increased insulin content, restored islet architecture, decreased islet size, and reduced tyrosine nitration and apoptosis. These results suggest that a peroxynitrite decomposing catalyst enhances β-cell function and survival under nutrient overload.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Johns
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, United States
| | - Robert Fyalka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, United States
| | - Jennifer A Shea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, United States
| | - William L Neumann
- School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, United States
| | - Smita Rausaria
- School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, United States
| | - Eliwaza Naomi Msengi
- School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, United States
| | - Maryam Imani-Nejad
- School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, United States
| | - Harry Zollars
- School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, United States
| | - Timothy McPherson
- School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, United States
| | - Joseph Schober
- School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, United States
| | - Joshua Wooten
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, United States
| | - Guim Kwon
- School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Enos RT, Velázquez KT, McClellan JL, Cranford TL, Walla MD, Murphy EA. Lowering the dietary omega-6: omega-3 does not hinder nonalcoholic fatty-liver disease development in a murine model. Nutr Res 2015; 35:449-59. [PMID: 25934114 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It is hypothesized that a high dietary n-6:n-3 (eg, 10-20:1) is partly responsible for the rise in obesity and related health ailments. However, no tightly controlled studies using high-fat diets differing in the n-6:n-3 have tested this hypothesis. The aim of the study was to determine the role that the dietary n-6:n-3 plays in non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease (NAFLD) and colitis development. We hypothesized that reducing the dietary n-6:n-3 would hinder the development of NAFLD and colitis. Male C57BL/6 J mice were fed high-fat diets, differing in the n-6:n-3 (1:1, 5:1, 10:1, 20:1), for 20 weeks. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the hepatic phospholipid arachidonic acid (AA):eicosapentaenoic acid and AA:docosahexaenoic acid. Hepatic metabolism, inflammatory signaling, macrophage polarization, gene expression of inflammatory mediators, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and oxidative capacity were assessed as well as colonic inflammatory signaling, and gene expression of inflammatory mediators and tight-junction proteins. Although reducing the dietary n-6:n-3 lowered the hepatic phospholipid AA:eicosapentaenoic acid and AA:docosahexaenoic acid in a dose-dependent manner and mildly influenced inflammatory signaling, it did not significantly attenuate NAFLD development. Furthermore, the onset of NAFLD was not paired to colitis development or changes in tight-junction protein gene expression. In conclusion, reducing the dietary n-6:n-3 did not attenuate NAFLD progression; nor is it likely that colitis, or gut permeability, plays a role in NAFLD initiation in this model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reilly T Enos
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Kandy T Velázquez
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Jamie L McClellan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Taryn L Cranford
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Michael D Walla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - E Angela Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA.
| |
Collapse
|