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Cardoso MS, Gonçalves R, Oliveira L, Silvério D, Téllez É, Paul T, Sarrias MR, Carmo AM, Saraiva M. CD5L is upregulated upon infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis with no effect on disease progression. Immunology 2024. [PMID: 38922694 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) alone caused over a billion deaths in the last 200 years, making it one of the deadliest diseases to humankind. Understanding the immune mechanisms underlying protection or pathology in TB is key to uncover the much needed innovative approaches to tackle TB. The scavenger receptor cysteine-rich molecule CD5 antigen-like (CD5L) has been associated with TB, but whether and how CD5L shapes the immune response during the course of disease remains poorly understood. Here, we show an upregulation of CD5L in circulation and at the site of infection in C57BL/6 Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected mice. To investigate the role of CD5L in TB, we studied the progression of M. tuberculosis aerosol infection in a recently described genetically engineered mouse model lacking CD5L. Despite the increase of CD5L during infection of wild-type mice, absence of CD5L did not impact bacterial burden, histopathology or survival of infected mice. Absence of CD5L associated with a modest increase in the numbers of CD4+ T cells and the expression of IFN-γ in the lungs of infected mice, with no major effect in overall immune cell dynamics. Collectively, this study confirms CD5L as a potential diagnostic biomarker to TB, showing no discernible impact on the outcome of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos S Cardoso
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ESS, Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rute Gonçalves
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ESS, Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Doctoral Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana Oliveira
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Silvério
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Doctoral Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Érica Téllez
- Innate Immunity Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Tony Paul
- Innate Immunity Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Maria Rosa Sarrias
- Innate Immunity Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Alexandre M Carmo
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Saraiva
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Zihad SNK, Sifat N, Islam MA, Monjur-Al-Hossain A, Sikdar KYK, Sarker MMR, Shilpi JA, Uddin SJ. Role of pattern recognition receptors in sensing Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20636. [PMID: 37842564 PMCID: PMC10570006 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the major invasive intracellular pathogens causing most deaths by a single infectious agent. The interaction between host immune cells and this pathogen is the focal point of the disease, Tuberculosis. Host immune cells not only mount the protective action against this pathogen but also serve as the primary niche for growth. Thus, recognition of this pathogen by host immune cells and following signaling cascades are key dictators of the disease state. Immune cells, mainly belonging to myeloid cell lineage, recognize a wide variety of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ligands ranging from carbohydrate and lipids to proteins to nucleic acids by different membrane-bound and soluble pattern recognition receptors. Simultaneous interaction between different host receptors and pathogen ligands leads to immune-inflammatory response as well as contributes to virulence. This review summarizes the contribution of pattern recognition receptors of host immune cells in recognizing Mycobacterium tuberculosis and subsequent initiation of signaling pathways to provide the molecular insight of the specific Mtb ligands interacting with specific PRR, key adaptor molecules of the downstream signaling pathways and the resultant effector functions which will aid in identifying novel drug targets, and developing novel drugs and adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nazifa Sifat
- Department of Pharmacy, ASA University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Md Moklesur Rahman Sarker
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Gono University, Nolam, Mirzanagar, Savar, Dhaka 1344, Bangladesh
| | - Jamil A. Shilpi
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Shaikh Jamal Uddin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
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Characterization and Proteomic Analysis of Plasma EVs Recovered from Healthy and Diseased Dogs with Canine Leishmaniosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065490. [PMID: 36982564 PMCID: PMC10056832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Dogs are highly valued companions and work animals that are susceptible to many life-threatening conditions such as canine leishmaniosis (CanL). Plasma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), exploited extensively in biomarker discovery, constitute a mostly untapped resource in veterinary sciences. Thus, the definition of proteins associated with plasma EVs recovered from healthy and diseased dogs with a relevant pathogen would be important for biomarker development. For this, we recovered, using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), EVs from 19 healthy and 20 CanL dogs’ plasma and performed proteomic analysis by LC-MS/MS to define their core proteomic composition and search for CanL-associated alterations. EVs-specific markers were identified in all preparations and also non-EVs proteins. Some EVs markers such as CD82 were specific to the healthy animals, while others, such as the Integrin beta 3 were identified in most samples. The EVs-enriched preparations allowed the identification of 529 canine proteins that were identified in both groups, while 465 and 154 were only identified in healthy or CanL samples, respectively. A GO enrichment analysis revealed few CanL-specific terms. Leishmania spp. protein identifications were also found, although with only one unique peptide. Ultimately, CanL-associated proteins of interest were identified and a core proteome was revealed that will be available for intra- and inter-species comparisons.
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Kajiwara C, Shiozawa A, Urabe N, Yamaguchi T, Kimura S, Akasaka Y, Ishii Y, Tateda K. Apoptosis Inhibitor of Macrophages Contributes to the Chronicity of Mycobacterium avium Infection by Promoting Foamy Macrophage Formation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:431-441. [PMID: 36602769 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In Mycobacterium avium infections, macrophages play a critical role in the host defense response. Apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM), also known as CD5L, may represent a novel supportive therapy against various diseases, including metabolic syndrome and infectious diseases. The mechanisms of AIM include modulating lipid metabolism in macrophages and other host cells. We investigated the role of AIM in M. avium infections in vitro and in vivo. In a mouse model of M. avium pneumonia, foamy macrophages were induced 6 wk after infection. The bacteria localized in these macrophages. Flow cytometric analysis also confirmed that the percentage of CD11chighMHCclassIIhigh interstitial and alveolar macrophages, a cell surface marker defined as foamy macrophages, increased significantly after infection. AIM in alveolar lavage fluid and serum gradually increased after infection. Administration of recombinant AIM significantly increased the number of bacteria in the lungs of mice, accompanied by the induction of inflammatory cytokine and iNOS expression. In mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages, the mRNA expression of AIM after M. avium infection and the amount of AIM in the supernatant increased prior to the increase in intracellular bacteria. Infected cells treated with anti-AIM Abs had fewer bacteria and a higher percentage of apoptosis-positive cells than infected cells treated with isotype control Abs. Finally, AIM in the sera of patients with M. avium-pulmonary disease was measured and was significantly higher than in healthy volunteers. This suggests that AIM production is enhanced in M. avium-infected macrophages, increasing macrophage resistance to apoptosis and providing a possible site for bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Kajiwara
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Shiozawa
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohisa Urabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yamaguchi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan; and
| | - Yoshikiyo Akasaka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ishii
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tateda
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Okugbeni N, du Toit A, Cole-Holman V, Johnson G, Loos B, Kinnear C. Measurement of Autophagy Activity Reveals Time-Dependent, Bacteria-Specific Turnover during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Pathogens 2022; 12:pathogens12010024. [PMID: 36678372 PMCID: PMC9864524 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) uses various mechanisms to evade its killing. One of such is phagosomal damage and cytosolic translocation which is then targeted by the host's bactericidal autophagy pathway. It is suggested that cytosolic translocation of M. tb is time-dependent, occurring at later time points of 48 to 72 h post-infection. It is, however, not known whether increased autophagic targeting correlates with these time points of infection. We investigated the time-dependent profile of autophagy activity through the course of M. tb infection in mammalian macrophages. Autophagy activity was inferred by the turnover measurement of autophagy markers and M. tb bacilli in THP-1 and RAW 264.7 macrophages. Over a period of 4 to 72 h, we observed highest autophagy turnover at 48 h of infection in M. tb-containing cells. This was evident by the highest turnover levels of p62 and intracellular M. tb. This supports observations of phagosomal damage mostly occurring at this time point and reveal the correlation of increased autophagy activity. The findings support the preservation of autophagy activity despite M. tb infection while also highlighting time-dependent differences in M. tb-infected macrophages. Future studies may explore time-dependent exogenous autophagy targeting towards host-directed anti-tuberculosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Okugbeni
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, US/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Genomics Centre, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - André du Toit
- Neuro Research Group, Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Victoria Cole-Holman
- South African Medical Research Council Genomics Centre, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Glynis Johnson
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, US/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Ben Loos
- Neuro Research Group, Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Craig Kinnear
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, US/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Genomics Centre, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
- Correspondence:
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Vogel A, Brunner JS, Hajto A, Sharif O, Schabbauer G. Lipid scavenging macrophages and inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159066. [PMID: 34626791 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are professional phagocytes, indispensable for maintenance of tissue homeostasis and integrity. Depending on their resident tissue, macrophages are exposed to highly diverse metabolic environments. Adapted to their niche, they can contribute to local metabolic turnover through metabolite uptake, conversion, storage and release. Disturbances in tissue homeostasis caused by infection, inflammation or damage dramatically alter the local milieu, impacting macrophage activation status and metabolism. In the case of persisting stimuli, defective macrophage responses ensue, which can promote tissue damage and disease. Especially relevant herein are disbalances in lipid rich environments, where macrophages are crucially involved in lipid uptake and turnover, preventing lipotoxicity. Lipid uptake is to a large extent facilitated by macrophage expressed scavenger receptors that are dynamically regulated and important in many metabolic diseases. Here, we review the receptors mediating lipid uptake and summarize recent findings on their role in health and disease. We further highlight the underlying pathways driving macrophage lipid acquisition and their impact on myeloid metabolic remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vogel
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Stefanie Brunner
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Hajto
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Omar Sharif
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gernot Schabbauer
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria.
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Liang S, Huang G, Wu T, Peng Y, Liu X, Ji X, Sha W, Wang F, Shen L, Shen H. MIR337-3p Enhances Mycobacterial Pathogenicity Involving TLR4/MYD88 and STAT3 Signals, Impairing VDR Antimicrobial Response and Fast-Acting Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:739219. [PMID: 34912331 PMCID: PMC8666424 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.739219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Active form of vitamin D (VitD) enhances human innate immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Our previous studies showed that MIR337-3p was highly expressed in lymphocytes of tuberculosis (TB) patients. Here, we identified the mechanism of MIR337-3p in the regulation of fast-acting anti-TB immunity by inhibiting VitD-dependent antimicrobial response pathways. While high-level MIR337-3p expression was induced by mycobacterial infection in cellular models and mice, TB patients exhibited significantly increased MIR337-3p in CD14+ monocytes/macrophages, innate-like Vγ2+ T cells, and CD8+ lymphocytes containing natural killer (NK)/innate lymphoid cells. MIR337-3p promoted the mycobacterial entry/infection and replication/growth in host target cells: macrophages and lung epithelial cells. Such MIR337-3p-enhanced pathogenicity coincided with the MIR337-3p depression of VitD-dependent antimicrobial response of cytochrome P450, family 27, subfamily b, polypeptide 1 (CYP27B1)/Beta-defensin 4 (DEFB4A)/ cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide CAMP pathways. Surprisingly, single MIR337-3p species could specifically target both the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) 3′-untranslated regions (UTRs) to depress the TLR4/MYD88 and STAT3 signals and impair either of the two signals inhibiting the VitD-dependent antimicrobial pathways in macrophages. Concurrently, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) expressing high-level MIR337-3p exhibited a reduced ability of innate cell populations to mount fast-acting cellular immunity against intracellular mycobacterial infection. Furthermore, a higher expression of Mir337-3p after mycobacterial infection of mice coincided with much greater colony-forming unit (CFU) counts in lungs and even the death of infected animals, whereas Mir337-3p inhibitor treatment of infected mice reduced Mir337-3p levels and reversed Mir337-3p-mediated increases in CFU counts. Thus, TB-driven single MIR337-3p species could specifically target/impair both TLR4/MYD88 and STAT3 activation signals, inhibiting VitD-dependent antimicrobial response and fast-acting anti-TB immunity, leading to enhanced pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liang
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guixian Huang
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Wu
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejiao Ji
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sha
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministry of Education of the people's Republic of China (MOE)/National Health Commission of the people's Republic of China (NHC)/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS)), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Shen
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hongbo Shen
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Circulating CD5L is associated with cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in individuals with chronic kidney disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:22690-22709. [PMID: 34629330 PMCID: PMC8544330 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the association of CD5L and soluble CD36 (sCD36) with the risk of a cardiovascular event (CVE), including CV death and all-cause mortality in CKD. We evaluated the association of CD5L and sCD36 with a predefined composite CV endpoint (unstable angina, myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attack, cerebrovascular accident, congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, peripheral arterial disease [PAD] or amputation by PAD, aortic aneurysm, or death from CV causes) and all-cause mortality using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for CV risk factors. The analysis included 1,516 participants free from pre-existing CV disease followed up for 4 years. The median age was 62 years, 38.8% were female, and 26.8% had diabetes. There were 98 (6.5%) CVEs and 72 (4.8%) deaths, of which 26 (36.1%) were of CV origin. Higher baseline CD5L concentration was associated with increased risk of CVE (HR, 95% CI, 1.17, 1.0–1.36), and all-cause mortality (1.22, 1.01–1.48) after adjusting for age, sex, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, dyslipidemia, waist circumference, smoking, and CKD stage. sCD36 showed no association with adverse CV outcomes or mortality. Our study showed for the first time that higher concentrations of CD5L are associated with future CVE and all-cause mortality in individuals with CKD.
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Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Macrophages, and Host Innate Immune Response. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0081220. [PMID: 34097459 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00812-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are considered opportunistic infections, incidence and prevalence of NTM infection are increasing worldwide becoming a major public health threat. Innate immunity plays an essential role in mediating the initial host response against these intracellular bacteria. Specifically, macrophages phagocytose and eliminate NTM and act as antigen-presenting cells, which trigger downstream activation of cellular and humoral adaptive immune responses. Identification of macrophage receptors, mycobacterial ligands, phagosome maturation, autophagy/necrosis, and escape mechanisms are important components of this immunity network. The role of the macrophage in mycobacterial disease has mainly been studied in tuberculosis (TB), but limited information exists on its role in NTM. In this review, we focus on NTM immunity, the role of macrophages, and host interaction in NTM infection.
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10
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Multifaceted Roles of CD5L in Infectious and Sterile Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084076. [PMID: 33920819 PMCID: PMC8071174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CD5L, a protein expressed and secreted mainly by macrophages, is emerging as a critical immune effector. In addition to its well-defined function as an anti-apoptotic protein, research over the last decade has uncovered additional roles that range from pattern recognition to autophagy, cell polarization, and the regulation of lipid metabolism. By modulating all these processes, CD5L plays a key role in highly prevalent diseases that develop by either acute or chronic inflammation, including several infectious, metabolic, and autoimmune conditions. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of CD5L and focus on the relevance of this protein during infection- and sterile-driven inflammatory pathogenesis, highlighting its divergent roles in the modulation of inflammation.
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Wang P, Mu X, Zhao H, Li Y, Wang L, Wolfe V, Cui SN, Wang X, Peng T, Zingarelli B, Wang C, Fan GC. Administration of GDF3 Into Septic Mice Improves Survival via Enhancing LXRα-Mediated Macrophage Phagocytosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:647070. [PMID: 33679812 PMCID: PMC7925632 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.647070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The defective eradication of invading pathogens is a major cause of death in sepsis. As professional phagocytic cells, macrophages actively engulf/kill microorganisms and play essential roles in innate immune response against pathogens. Growth differentiation factor 3 (GDF3) was previously implicated as an important modulator of inflammatory response upon acute sterile injury. In this study, administration of recombinant GDF3 protein (rGDF3) either before or after CLP surgery remarkably improved mouse survival, along with significant reductions in bacterial load, plasma pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and organ damage. Notably, our in vitro experiments revealed that rGDF3 treatment substantially promoted macrophage phagocytosis and intracellular killing of bacteria in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, RNA-seq analysis results showed that CD5L, known to be regulated by liver X receptor α (LXRα), was the most significantly upregulated gene in rGDF3-treated macrophages. Furthermore, we observed that rGDF3 could promote LXRα nuclear translocation and thereby, augmented phagocytosis activity in macrophages, which was similar as LXRα agonist GW3965 did. By contrast, pre-treating macrophages with LXRα antagonist GSK2033 abolished beneficial effects of rGDF3 in macrophages. In addition, rGDF3 treatment failed to enhance bacteria uptake and killing in LXRα-knockout (KO) macrophages. Taken together, these results uncover that GDF3 may represent a novel mediator for controlling bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Xingjiang Mu
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yutian Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Vivian Wolfe
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Shu-Nan Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Tianqing Peng
- The Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Basilia Zingarelli
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Chunting Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Loupy KM, Lee T, Zambrano CA, Elsayed AI, D'Angelo HM, Fonken LK, Frank MG, Maier SF, Lowry CA. Alzheimer's Disease: Protective Effects of Mycobacterium vaccae, a Soil-Derived Mycobacterium with Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Tubercular Properties, on the Proteomic Profiles of Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid in Rats. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:965-987. [PMID: 33074227 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease that may be associated with prior bacterial infections. Microbial "old friends" can suppress exaggerated inflammation in response to disease-causing infections or increase clearance of pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes tuberculosis (TB). One such "old friend" is Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659, a soil-derived bacterium that has been proposed either as a vaccine for prevention of TB, or as immunotherapy for the treatment of TB when used alongside first line anti-TB drug treatment. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to use a hypothesis generating approach to explore the effects of M. vaccae on physiological changes in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). METHODS Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based proteomics were performed in plasma and CSF of adult male rats after immunization with a heat-killed preparation of M. vaccae NCTC 11659 or borate-buffered saline vehicle. Gene enrichment analysis and analysis of protein-protein interactions were performed to integrate physiological network changes in plasma and CSF. We used RT-qPCR to assess immune and metabolic gene expression changes in the hippocampus. RESULTS In both plasma and CSF, immunization with M. vaccae increased proteins associated with immune activation and downregulated proteins corresponding to lipid (including phospholipid and cholesterol) metabolism. Immunization with M. vaccae also increased hippocampal expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) mRNA, implicating anti-inflammatory effects in the central nervous system. CONCLUSION M. vaccae alters host immune activity and lipid metabolism. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that microbe-host interactions may protect against possible infection-induced, inflammation-related cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Loupy
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Thomas Lee
- Central Analytical Laboratory and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Cristian A Zambrano
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ahmed I Elsayed
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Heather M D'Angelo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Laura K Fonken
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Matthew G Frank
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Steven F Maier
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.,Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO, USA.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, USA.,Senior Fellow, inVIVO Planetary Health, of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ, USA
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13
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Glaría E, Letelier NA, Valledor AF. Integrating the roles of liver X receptors in inflammation and infection: mechanisms and outcomes. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 53:55-65. [PMID: 32599447 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) are transcription factors from the nuclear receptor family that can be pharmacologically activated by high-affinity agonists. LXR activation exerts a combination of metabolic and anti-inflammatory actions that result in the modulation of immune responses and in the amelioration of inflammatory disorders. In addition, LXR agonists modulate the metabolism of infected cells and limit the infectivity and/or growth of several pathogens. This review gives an overview of the recent advances in understanding the complexity of the mechanisms through which the LXR pathway controls inflammation and host-cell pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estibaliz Glaría
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicole A Letelier
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Annabel F Valledor
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Bárcena C, Aran G, Perea L, Sanjurjo L, Téllez É, Oncins A, Masnou H, Serra I, García-Gallo M, Kremer L, Sala M, Armengol C, Sancho-Bru P, Sarrias MR. CD5L is a pleiotropic player in liver fibrosis controlling damage, fibrosis and immune cell content. EBioMedicine 2019; 43:513-524. [PMID: 31076347 PMCID: PMC6558273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatic inflammation leads to liver fibrosis, which may progress to cirrhosis, a condition with high morbidity. Our aim was to assess the as yet unknown role of innate immunity protein CD5L in liver fibrosis. METHODS CD5L was measured by ELISA in plasma samples from cirrhotic (n = 63) and hepatitis (n = 39) patients, and healthy controls (n = 7), by immunohistochemistry in cirrhotic tissue (n = 12), and by quantitative RT-PCR in mouse liver cell subsets isolated by cell sorting. Recombinant CD5L (rCD5L) was administered into a murine model of CCl4-induced fibrosis, and damage, fibrosis and hepatic immune cell infiltration, including the LyC6hi (pro-fibrotic)-LyC6low (pro-resolutive) monocyte ratio were determined. Moreover, rCD5L was added into primary human hepatic stellate cells to study transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) activation responses. FINDINGS Cirrhotic patients showed elevated plasma CD5L concentrations as compared to patients with hepatitis and healthy controls (Mann-Whitney test p < 0·0001). Moreover, plasma CD5L correlated with disease progression, FIB4 fibrosis score (r:0·25, p < 0·0001) and tissue expression (r = 0·649; p = 0·022). Accordingly, CCl4-induced damage increased CD5L levels in total liver, particularly in hepatocytes and macrophages. rCD5L administration attenuated CCl4-induced injury and fibrosis as determined by reduced serum transaminase and collagen content. Moreover, rCD5L inhibited immune cell infiltration and promoted a phenotypic shift in monocytes from LyC6hi to LyC6low. Interestingly, rCD5L also had a direct effect on primary human hepatic stellate cells promoting SMAD7 expression, thus repressing TGFβ signalling. INTERPRETATION Our study identifies CD5L as a key pleiotropic inhibitor of chronic liver injury. FUND: Fundació Marató TV3, AGAUR and the ISCIII-EDRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bárcena
- Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Gemma Aran
- Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Luís Perea
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Sanjurjo
- Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain; Network for Biomedical Research in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Érica Téllez
- Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Anna Oncins
- Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Helena Masnou
- Gastroenterology Dept., University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Isabel Serra
- Gastroenterology Dept., University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Mónica García-Gallo
- Protein Tools Unit and Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonor Kremer
- Protein Tools Unit and Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Sala
- Gastroenterology Dept., University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Badalona, Spain; Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Spain
| | - Carolina Armengol
- Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Spain; Childhood Liver Oncology Group, Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPCC), IGTP, Spain
| | - Pau Sancho-Bru
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Spain
| | - Maria-Rosa Sarrias
- Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain; Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Spain.
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15
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Leopold Wager CM, Arnett E, Schlesinger LS. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and macrophage nuclear receptors: What we do and don't know. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2019; 116S:S98-S106. [PMID: 31060958 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that are expressed in a wide variety of cells and play a major role in lipid signaling. NRs are key regulators of immune and metabolic functions in macrophages and are linked to macrophage responses to microbial pathogens. Pathogens are also known to induce the expression of specific NRs to promote their own survival. In this review, we focus on the NRs recently shown to influence macrophage responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. We provide an overview of NR-controlled transcriptional activity and regulation of macrophage activation. We also discuss in detail the contribution of specific NRs to macrophage responses to M.tb, including influence on macrophage phenotype, cell signaling, and cellular metabolism. We pay particular attention to PPARγ since it is required for differentiation of alveolar macrophages, an important niche for M.tb, and its role during M.tb infection is becoming increasingly appreciated. Research into NRs and M.tb is still in its early stages, therefore continuing to advance our understanding of the complex interactions between M.tb and macrophage NRs may reveal the potential of NRs as pharmacological targets for the treatment of tuberculosis.
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16
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Kroesen VM, Rodríguez-Martínez P, García E, Rosales Y, Díaz J, Martín-Céspedes M, Tapia G, Sarrias MR, Cardona PJ, Vilaplana C. A Beneficial Effect of Low-Dose Aspirin in a Murine Model of Active Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:798. [PMID: 29740435 PMCID: PMC5924809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An excessive, non-productive host-immune response is detrimental in active, chronic tuberculosis (TB) disease as it typically leads to tissue damage. Given their anti-inflammatory effect, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can potentially attenuate excessive inflammation in active TB disease. As such, we investigated the prophylactic and therapeutic effect of low-dose aspirin (LDA) (3 mg/kg/day), either alone or in combination with common anti-TB treatment or BCG vaccination, on disease outcome in an experimental murine model of active TB. Survival rate, bacillary load (BL) in lungs, and lung pathology were measured. The possible mechanism of action of LDA on the host's immune response was also evaluated by measuring levels of CD5L/AIM, selected cytokines/chemokines and other inflammatory markers in serum and lung tissue. LDA increased survival, had anti-inflammatory effects, reduced lung pathology, and decreased bacillary load in late-stage TB disease. Moreover, in combination with common anti-TB treatment, LDA enhanced survival and reduced lung pathology. Results from the immunological studies suggest the anti-inflammatory action of LDA at both a local and a systemic level. Our results showed a systemic decrease in neutrophilic recruitment, decreased levels of acute-phase reaction cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) at late stage and a delay in the decrease in T cell response (in terms of IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-10 serum levels) that occurs during the course of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. An anti-inflammatory milieu was detected in the lung, with less neutrophil recruitment and lower levels of tissue factor. In conclusion, LDA may be beneficial as an adjunct to standard anti-TB treatment in the later stage of active TB by reducing excess, non-productive inflammation, while enhancing Th1-cell responses for elimination of the bacilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Marie Kroesen
- Experimental Tuberculosis Unit (UTE), Fundació Institut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Spain.,Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Paula Rodríguez-Martínez
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTIP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Spain
| | - Eric García
- Experimental Tuberculosis Unit (UTE), Fundació Institut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Spain
| | - Yaiza Rosales
- Experimental Tuberculosis Unit (UTE), Fundació Institut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Spain
| | - Jorge Díaz
- Experimental Tuberculosis Unit (UTE), Fundació Institut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Spain
| | - Montse Martín-Céspedes
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTIP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Spain
| | - Gustavo Tapia
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTIP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Spain
| | - Maria Rosa Sarrias
- Innate Immunity Group, Fundació Institut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREhD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pere-Joan Cardona
- Experimental Tuberculosis Unit (UTE), Fundació Institut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Vilaplana
- Experimental Tuberculosis Unit (UTE), Fundació Institut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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17
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Sanjurjo L, Aran G, Téllez É, Amézaga N, Armengol C, López D, Prats C, Sarrias MR. CD5L Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization through Autophagy-Mediated Upregulation of ID3. Front Immunol 2018; 9:480. [PMID: 29593730 PMCID: PMC5858086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD5L (CD5 molecule-like) is a secreted glycoprotein that controls key mechanisms in inflammatory responses, with involvement in processes such as infection, atherosclerosis, and cancer. In macrophages, CD5L promotes an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile in response to TLR activation. In the present study, we questioned whether CD5L is able to influence human macrophage plasticity, and drive its polarization toward any specific phenotype. We compared CD5L-induced phenotypic and functional changes to those caused by IFN/LPS, IL4, and IL10 in human monocytes. Phenotypic markers were quantified by RT-qPCR and flow cytometry, and a mathematical algorithm was built for their analysis. Moreover, we compared ROS production, phagocytic capacity, and inflammatory responses to LPS. CD5L drove cells toward a polarization similar to that induced by IL10. Furthermore, IL10- and CD5L-treated macrophages showed increased LC3-II content and colocalization with acidic compartments, thereby pointing to the enhancement of autophagy-dependent processes. Accordingly, siRNA targeting ATG7 in THP1 cells blocked CD5L-induced CD163 and Mer tyrosine kinase mRNA and efferocytosis. In these cells, gene expression profiling and validation indicated the upregulation of the transcription factor ID3 by CD5L through ATG7. In agreement, ID3 silencing reversed polarization by CD5L. Our data point to a significant contribution of CD5L-mediated autophagy to the induction of ID3 and provide the first evidence that CD5L drives macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Sanjurjo
- Innate Immunity Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute (IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
- Network for Biomedical Research in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Aran
- Innate Immunity Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute (IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Érica Téllez
- Innate Immunity Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute (IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Amézaga
- Innate Immunity Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute (IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Armengol
- Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Childhood Liver Oncology Group, Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPCC), Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Daniel López
- Departament de Física, Escola Superior d’Agricultura de Barcelona, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya – BarcelonaTech Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Prats
- Departament de Física, Escola Superior d’Agricultura de Barcelona, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya – BarcelonaTech Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Rosa Sarrias
- Innate Immunity Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute (IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
- Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Aran G, Sanjurjo L, Barcena C, Simon‐Coma M, Téllez É, Vázquez‐Vitali M, Garrido M, Guerra L, Díaz E, Ojanguren I, Elortza F, Planas R, Sala M, Armengol C, Sarrias M. CD5L is upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and promotes liver cancer cell proliferation and antiapoptotic responses by binding to HSPA5 (GRP78). FASEB J 2018; 32:3878-3891. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700941rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Aran
- Innate Immunity GroupHealth Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)BadalonaSpain
| | - Lucía Sanjurjo
- Innate Immunity GroupHealth Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)BadalonaSpain
- Network for Biomédical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)MadridSpain
| | - Cristina Barcena
- Innate Immunity GroupHealth Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)BadalonaSpain
| | - Marina Simon‐Coma
- Childhood Liver Oncology GroupProgram of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPCC)IGTPBadalonaSpain
- Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD)Spain
| | - Érica Téllez
- Innate Immunity GroupHealth Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)BadalonaSpain
| | - Maria Vázquez‐Vitali
- Childhood Liver Oncology GroupProgram of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPCC)IGTPBadalonaSpain
| | - Marta Garrido
- Pathology DepartmentVall D'Hebron HospitalBarcelonaSpain
| | - Laura Guerra
- Pathology DepartmentHospital Universitario La PazMadridSpain
| | - Esther Díaz
- Pathology DepartmentJosep Trueta HospitalGironaSpain
| | - Isabel Ojanguren
- Pathology DepartmentHospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital (HUGTiP)BadalonaSpain
| | - Felix Elortza
- Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD)Spain
- Proteomics PlatformCenter for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE)DerioSpain
| | - Ramon Planas
- Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD)Spain
- Gastroenterology DepartmentHospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital (HUGTiP)BadalonaSpain
| | - Margarita Sala
- Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD)Spain
- Gastroenterology DepartmentHospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital (HUGTiP)BadalonaSpain
| | - Carolina Armengol
- Childhood Liver Oncology GroupProgram of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPCC)IGTPBadalonaSpain
- Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD)Spain
| | - Maria‐Rosa Sarrias
- Innate Immunity GroupHealth Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)BadalonaSpain
- Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD)Spain
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Ahsan F, Maertzdorf J, Guhlich-Bornhof U, Kaufmann SHE, Moura-Alves P. IL-36/LXR axis modulates cholesterol metabolism and immune defense to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1520. [PMID: 29367626 PMCID: PMC5784124 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a life-threatening pathogen in humans. Bacterial infection of macrophages usually triggers strong innate immune mechanisms, including IL-1 cytokine secretion. The newer member of the IL-1 family, IL-36, was recently shown to be involved in cellular defense against Mtb. To unveil the underlying mechanism of IL-36 induced antibacterial activity, we analyzed its role in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism, together with the involvement of Liver X Receptor (LXR) in this process. We report that, in Mtb-infected macrophages, IL-36 signaling modulates cholesterol biosynthesis and efflux via LXR. Moreover, IL-36 induces the expression of cholesterol-converting enzymes and the accumulation of LXR ligands, such as oxysterols. Ultimately, both IL-36 and LXR signaling play a role in the regulation of antimicrobial peptides expression and in Mtb growth restriction. These data provide novel evidence for the importance of IL-36 and cholesterol metabolism mediated by LXR in cellular host defense against Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadhil Ahsan
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Jeroen Maertzdorf
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Ute Guhlich-Bornhof
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Stefan H E Kaufmann
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany.
| | - Pedro Moura-Alves
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany.
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20
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Lv J, He X, Wang H, Wang Z, Kelly GT, Wang X, Chen Y, Wang T, Qian Z. TLR4-NOX2 axis regulates the phagocytosis and killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by macrophages. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:194. [PMID: 29233104 PMCID: PMC5727946 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-017-0517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophages stand at the forefront of both innate and adapted immunity through their capacities to recognize, engulf, and eliminate foreign particles, and to stimulate adapted immune cells. They are also involved in controlling pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways. Macrophage activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) has been shown to involve Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation and ROS production. Previous studies have shown that lipopolysaccharide (LPS), through TLR4, could activate macrophages, improve their bactericidal ROS production, and facilitate anti-infective immune responses. We sought to better understand the role of the TLR4-NOX2 axis in macrophage activation during M. tuberculosis infection. Methods THP-1 macrophages and PMA primed THP-1 macrophages [THP-1(A)] were treated with LPS and infected by M. tuberculosis. Cells were analyzed by flow cytometry for TLR4 expression, ROS production, phagocytosis, and killing of M. tuberculosis. Western blotting was used to analyze NOX2 expression. Inhibitors of the TLR4-NOX2 pathway were used to assess this pathway’s role in these processes, and their role in LPS activation of macrophages. Results We found that THP1-derived macrophages or PMA primed THP-1 macrophages exhibit higher surface TLR4 levels and increased NOX2 expression levels following LPS treatment. M. tuberculosis infection reduced these levels, but LPS was able to limit the negative effects of M.tb. Additionally, LPS increases THP-1(A) cells’ bactericidal activities including phagocytosis, ROS production, and destruction of M. tuberculosis. Significantly, all of these activities are impaired when TLR4 or NOX2 are inhibited. Conclusion These studies demonstrate the importance of the TLR4-NOX2 axis in M. tuberculosis elimination by macrophages and may lead to novel therapies for tuberculosis and other bacterial infections. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12890-017-0517-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhu Lv
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233003, China
| | - Xiaoyan He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233003, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anhui Province for Infection and Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Ave, Bengbu, Anhui, 233003, China
| | - Zhaohua Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Bengbu Infectious Disease Hospital, Bengbu, Anhui, 233003, China
| | - Gabriel T Kelly
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, 1656 E. Mabel St, P.O. Box 245218, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Anhui Clinical and Preclinical Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Respiration, First Affiliated Hospital; Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, 1656 E. Mabel St, P.O. Box 245218, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
| | - Zhongqing Qian
- Key Laboratory of Anhui Province for Infection and Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Ave, Bengbu, Anhui, 233003, China.
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21
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Khan A, Mann L, Papanna R, Lyu MA, Singh CR, Olson S, Eissa NT, Cirillo J, Das G, Hunter RL, Jagannath C. Mesenchymal stem cells internalize Mycobacterium tuberculosis through scavenger receptors and restrict bacterial growth through autophagy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15010. [PMID: 29118429 PMCID: PMC5678154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) express scavenger receptors that internalize lipids, including oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). We report that MSCs phagocytose Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) through two types of scavenger receptors (SRs; MARCO and SR-B1), as blockade of the receptors with antibodies or siRNA knockdown decreased the uptake of Mtb. MSCs also expressed mannose receptor (MR) that was found to endocytose rhodamine-labeled mannosylated BSA (rMBSA), though the receptor was not involved in the uptake of Mtb. Dil-oxLDL and rMBSA taken up into MSC endosomes colocalized with Mtb phagosomes, thus suggesting that the latter were fusion competent. Phagocytosed Mtb did not replicate within MSCs, thus suggesting an intrinsic control of bacterial growth. Indeed, MSCs exhibited intrinsic autophagy, which was up-regulated after activation with rapamycin. SiRNA knockdown of autophagy initiator beclin-1 enhanced Mtb survival, whereas rapamycin-induced autophagy increased intracellular killing of Mtb. In addition, MSCs secreted nitric oxide after Mtb infection, and inhibition of NO by N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine enhanced intracellular survival of Mtb. MSCs can be grown in large numbers in vitro, and autologous MSCs transfused into tuberculosis patients have been found to be safe and improve lung immunity. Thus, MSCs are novel phagocytic cells with a potential for immunotherapy in treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Khan
- Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lovepreet Mann
- Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, UTHSC-, Houston, USA
| | - Ramesha Papanna
- Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, UTHSC-, Houston, USA
| | - Mi-Ae Lyu
- Dept. of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, UTHSC-, Houston, USA
| | - Christopher R Singh
- Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Scott Olson
- Dept. of Pediatric Surgery, UTHSC-, Houston, USA
| | - N Tony Eissa
- Dept. of Pulmonary Medicine, Baylor college of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey Cirillo
- Dept. of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Center for Airborne Pathogens Research and Imaging, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, USA
| | - Gobardhan Das
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Robert L Hunter
- Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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22
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Kimura H, Suzuki M, Konno S, Shindou H, Shimizu T, Nagase T, Miyazaki T, Nishimura M. Orchestrating Role of Apoptosis Inhibitor of Macrophage in the Resolution of Acute Lung Injury. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:3870-3882. [PMID: 29070674 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate resolution of inflammation is known to be essential in tissue homeostasis. In this study, we evaluated the significance of a macrophage-derived soluble protein, apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM), in LPS-induced lung injury in mice. After oropharyngeal administration of LPS, the level of free-form serum AIM increased on days 2-4, accompanied by the resolution of inflammation, which was observed in the cellular profile of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In an experiment using wild-type (WT) and AIM-/- mice, the resolution of inflammation was accelerated in AIM-/- mice when compared with the WT mice, which was reversed when recombinant AIM protein was administered. The changes in the histopathological findings and inflammatory mediators followed similar trends, and the ratio of apoptotic cells was increased in AIM-/- mice when compared with the WT mice. In vitro analysis showed that macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils was suppressed in the presence of AIM, indicating that anti-resolution property of AIM involves efferocytosis inhibition. In lipidomic analysis of lung tissues, the levels of several lipid mediators increased markedly when LPS was given to WT mice. However, in AIM-/- mice, the concentrations of these lipid mediators were not significantly upregulated by LPS. These data reflect the significant role of AIM in lipid metabolism; it may suppress lipid metabolites at baseline, and then produce an inflammatory/pathologic pattern in the event of LPS-induced lung injury. Taken together, AIM may play an orchestrating role in the resolution process of inflammation by altering the profile of pulmonary lipid mediators in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kimura
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Medical Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Masaru Suzuki
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; .,Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Medical Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Satoshi Konno
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.,Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Medical Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Medical Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.,Department of Lipid Signaling, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid Signaling, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.,Department of Lipidomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; and
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toru Miyazaki
- Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Medical Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nishimura
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.,Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Medical Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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23
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Persistent Unresolved Inflammation in the Mecp2-308 Female Mutated Mouse Model of Rett Syndrome. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:9467819. [PMID: 28592917 PMCID: PMC5448068 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9467819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder usually caused by mutations in the X-linked gene methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2). Several Mecp2 mutant mouse lines have been developed recapitulating part of the clinical features. In particular, Mecp2-308 female heterozygous mice, bearing a truncating mutation, are a validated model of the disease. While recent data suggest a role for inflammation in RTT, little information on the inflammatory status in murine models of the disease is available. Here, we investigated the inflammatory status by proteomic 2-DE/MALDI-ToF/ToF analyses in symptomatic Mecp2-308 female mice. Ten differentially expressed proteins were evidenced in the Mecp2-308 mutated plasma proteome. In particular, 5 positive acute-phase response (APR) proteins increased (i.e., kininogen-1, alpha-fetoprotein, mannose-binding protein C, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and alpha-2-macroglobulin), and 3 negative APR reactants were decreased (i.e., serotransferrin, albumin, and apolipoprotein A1). CD5 antigen-like and vitamin D-binding protein, two proteins strictly related to inflammation, were also changed. These results indicate for the first time a persistent unresolved inflammation of unknown origin in the Mecp2-308 mouse model.
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24
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE_PGRS41 Enhances the Intracellular Survival of M. smegmatis within Macrophages Via Blocking Innate Immunity and Inhibition of Host Defense. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46716. [PMID: 28440335 PMCID: PMC5404228 DOI: 10.1038/srep46716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) as a pathogen is largely contributes to its ability to manipulate the host immune responses. The genome of M. tuberculosis encodes multiple immune-modulatory proteins, including several members of the multi-genic PE_PPE family. Despite of intense research, the roles of PE_PGRS proteins in mycobacterial pathogenesis remain elusive. The function of M. tuberculosis PE_PGRS41, characterized by an extended and unique C-terminal domain, was studied. Expression of PE_PGRS41 in Mycobacterium smegmatis, a non-pathogenic species intrinsically deficient of PE_PGRS, severely impaired the resistance of the recombinant to multiple stresses via altering the cell wall integrity. Macrophages infected by M. smegmatis harboring PE_PGRS41 decreased the production of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. In addition, PE_PGRS41 boosted the survival of M. smegmatis within macrophage accompanied with enhanced cytotoxic cell death through inhibiting the cell apoptosis and autophagy. Taken together, these results implicate that PE_PGRS41 is a virulence factor of M. tuberculosis and sufficient to confer pathogenic properties to M. smegmatis.
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25
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Cortelazzo A, de Felice C, Leoncini S, Signorini C, Guerranti R, Leoncini R, Armini A, Bini L, Ciccoli L, Hayek J. Inflammatory protein response in CDKL5-Rett syndrome: evidence of a subclinical smouldering inflammation. Inflamm Res 2016; 66:269-280. [PMID: 27900411 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-1014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 gene cause a clinical variant of Rett syndrome (CDKL5-RTT). A role for the acute-phase response (APR) is emerging in typical RTT caused by methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 gene mutations (MECP2-RTT). No information is, to date, available on the inflammatory protein response in CDKL5-RTT. We evaluated, for the first time, the APR protein response in CDKL5-RTT. METHODS Protein patterns in albumin- and IgG-depleted plasma proteome from CDKL5-RTT patients were evaluated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis/mass spectrometry. The resulting data were related to circulating cytokines and compared to healthy controls or MECP2-RTT patients. The effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) were evaluated. RESULTS CDKL5-RTT mutations resulted in a subclinical attenuated inflammation, specifically characterized by an overexpression of the complement component C3 and CD5 antigen-like, both strictly related to the inflammatory response. Cytokine dysregulation featuring a bulk increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines, predominantly IL-10, could explain the unchanged erythrocyte sedimentation rate and atypical features of inflammation in CDKL5-RTT. Omega-3 PUFAs were able to counterbalance the pro-inflammatory status. CONCLUSION For the first time, we revealed a subclinical smouldering inflammation pattern in CDKL5-RTT consisting in the coexistence of an atypical APR coupled with a dysregulated cytokine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Cortelazzo
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, University Hospital Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese (AOUS), Viale M. Bracci 16, 53100, Siena, Italy. .,Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy. .,Clinical Pathology Laboratory Unit, University Hospital AOUS, Viale M. Bracci 16, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Claudio de Felice
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital AOUS, Viale M. Bracci 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Leoncini
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, University Hospital Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese (AOUS), Viale M. Bracci 16, 53100, Siena, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 6, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Cinzia Signorini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 6, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Roberto Guerranti
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.,Clinical Pathology Laboratory Unit, University Hospital AOUS, Viale M. Bracci 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Roberto Leoncini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.,Clinical Pathology Laboratory Unit, University Hospital AOUS, Viale M. Bracci 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Armini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Bini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Lucia Ciccoli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 6, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Joussef Hayek
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, University Hospital Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese (AOUS), Viale M. Bracci 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
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26
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Bouttier M, Laperriere D, Memari B, Mangiapane J, Fiore A, Mitchell E, Verway M, Behr MA, Sladek R, Barreiro LB, Mader S, White JH. Alu repeats as transcriptional regulatory platforms in macrophage responses to M. tuberculosis infection. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:10571-10587. [PMID: 27604870 PMCID: PMC5159539 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the epigenetic regulation of transcriptional response of macrophages during early-stage M. tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, we performed ChIPseq analysis of H3K4 monomethylation (H3K4me1), a marker of poised or active enhancers. De novo H3K4me1 peaks in infected cells were associated with genes implicated in host defenses and apoptosis. Our analysis revealed that 40% of de novo regions contained human/primate-specific Alu transposable elements, enriched in the AluJ and S subtypes. These contained several transcription factor binding sites, including those for members of the MEF2 and ATF families, and LXR and RAR nuclear receptors, all of which have been implicated in macrophage differentiation, survival, and responses to stress and infection. Combining bioinformatics, molecular genetics, and biochemical approaches, we linked genes adjacent to H3K4me1-associated Alu repeats to macrophage metabolic responses against Mtb infection. In particular, we show that LXRα signaling, which reduced Mtb viability 18-fold by altering cholesterol metabolism and enhancing macrophage apoptosis, can be initiated at response elements present in Alu repeats. These studies decipher the mechanism of early macrophage transcriptional responses to Mtb, highlighting the role of Alu element transposition in shaping human transcription programs during innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuella Bouttier
- Department of Physiology, Montréal, Québec, Canada .,McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - David Laperriere
- Département de Biochimie, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie (IRIC), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Babak Memari
- Department of Physiology, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Joseph Mangiapane
- Department of Physiology, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Amanda Fiore
- Department of Physiology, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Eric Mitchell
- Department of Physiology, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mark Verway
- Department of Physiology, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marcel A Behr
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,McGill International TB Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert Sladek
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,School of Computer Science, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Luis B Barreiro
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Mader
- Département de Biochimie, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie (IRIC), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - John H White
- Department of Physiology, Montréal, Québec, Canada .,McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medecine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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27
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Uchida M, Saeki K, Maeda S, Tamahara S, Yonezawa T, Matsuki N. Apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) reduces cell number in canine histiocytic sarcoma cell lines. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:1515-1520. [PMID: 27246397 PMCID: PMC5059382 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) is initially reported to protect macrophages from apoptosis. In this study, we determined the effect of AIM on the macrophage-derived tumor, histiocytic sarcoma cell lines (HS) of dogs. Five HS and five other tumor cell lines were used. When recombinant canine AIM was applied to non-serum culture media, cell numbers of all the HS and two of other tumor cell lines decreased dose-dependently. The DNA fragmentation, TUNEL staining and flow cytometry tests revealed that AIM induced both of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the HS. Although AIM is known as an apoptosis inhibitor, these results suggest that a high dose of AIM could have an opposite function in HS and some tumor cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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28
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Sanjurjo L, Amézaga N, Aran G, Naranjo-Gómez M, Arias L, Armengol C, Borràs FE, Sarrias MR. The human CD5L/AIM-CD36 axis: A novel autophagy inducer in macrophages that modulates inflammatory responses. Autophagy 2016; 11:487-502. [PMID: 25713983 PMCID: PMC4502645 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1017183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CD5L (CD5 molecule-like) is a secreted glycoprotein that participates in host response to bacterial infection. CD5L influences the monocyte inflammatory response to the bacterial surface molecules lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) by inhibiting TNF secretion. Here we studied the intracellular events that lead to macrophage TNF inhibition by human CD5L. To accomplish this goal, we performed functional analyses with human monocytic THP1 macrophages, as well as with peripheral blood monocytes. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PtdIns3K) reversed the inhibitory effect of CD5L on TNF secretion. Among the various PtdIns3K isoforms, our results indicated that CD5L activates PtdIns3K (whose catalytic subunit is termed PIK3C3), a key modulator involved in autophagy. Further analysis revealed a concomitant enhancement of autophagy markers such as cellular LC3-II content, increased LC3 puncta, as well as LC3-LysoTracker Red colocalization. Moreover, electron microscopy showed an increased presence of cytosolic autophagosomes in THP1 macrophages overexpressing CD5L. Besides preventing TNF secretion, CD5L also inhibited IL1B and enhanced IL10 secretion. This macrophage anti-inflammatory pattern of CD5L was reverted upon silencing of autophagy protein ATG7 by siRNA transfection. Additional siRNA experiments in THP1 macrophages indicated that the induction of autophagy mechanisms by CD5L was achieved through cell-surface scavenger receptor CD36, a multiligand receptor expressed in a wide variety of cell types. Our data represent the first evidence that CD36 is involved in autophagy and point to a significant contribution of the CD5L-CD36 axis to the induction of macrophage autophagy.
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Key Words
- 3-MA, 3-methyladenine
- AIM
- AKT, v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog
- ALB, albumin
- ATG7, autophagy-related 7
- CD, cluster of differentiation
- CD36
- CD5L
- CD5L, CD5 molecule-like
- FCS, fetal calf serum
- FSL1, pam2CGDPKHPKSF
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- IL, interleukin
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- LTA, lipoteichoic acid
- MAP1LC3A/B (LC3), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 α/β
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MФ, macrophages
- NFKB, nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells
- PB monocytes, peripheral blood monocytes
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- PIK3C3, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, catalytic subunit type 3
- PMA, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate
- Pam3CSK4 (N-palmitoyl-S-[2, 3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-(2RS)-propyl]-(R)-cysteinyl-(S)-seryl-(S)-lysyl-(S)-lysyl-(S)-lysyl-(S)-lysine (Pam3CysSer[Lys]4)
- PtdIns3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- PtdIns3P, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate
- RELA, v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A
- SRCR, scavenger receptor cysteine-rich
- TBS, tris-buffered saline
- TLRs, toll-like receptors
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- moAb, monoclonal antibody
- monocyte/macrophage
- oxLDL, oxidized low-density lipoprotein
- poAb, polyclonal antibody
- r-HsCD5L, recombinant human (Homo sapiens) CD5L
- siRNA, short interference RNA
- toll-like receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Sanjurjo
- a Innate Immunity Group ; Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP) ; Badalona , Spain
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29
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Abstract
Phagocytosis is a fundamental process through which innate immune cells engulf bacteria, apoptotic cells or other foreign particles in order to kill or neutralize the ingested material, or to present it as antigens and initiate adaptive immune responses. The pH of phagosomes is a critical parameter regulating fission or fusion with endomembranes and activation of proteolytic enzymes, events that allow the phagocytic vacuole to mature into a degradative organelle. In addition, translocation of H(+) is required for the production of high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are essential for efficient killing and signaling to other host tissues. Many intracellular pathogens subvert phagocytic killing by limiting phagosomal acidification, highlighting the importance of pH in phagosome biology. Here we describe a ratiometric method for measuring phagosomal pH in neutrophils using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled zymosan as phagocytic targets, and live-cell imaging. The assay is based on the fluorescence properties of FITC, which is quenched by acidic pH when excited at 490 nm but not when excited at 440 nm, allowing quantification of a pH-dependent ratio, rather than absolute fluorescence, of a single dye. A detailed protocol for performing in situ dye calibration and conversion of ratio to real pH values is also provided. Single-dye ratiometric methods are generally considered superior to single wavelength or dual-dye pseudo-ratiometric protocols, as they are less sensitive to perturbations such as bleaching, focus changes, laser variations, and uneven labeling, which distort the measured signal. This method can be easily modified to measure pH in other phagocytic cell types, and zymosan can be replaced by any other amine-containing particle, from inert beads to living microorganisms. Finally, this method can be adapted to make use of other fluorescent probes sensitive to different pH ranges or other phagosomal activities, making it a generalized protocol for the functional imaging of phagosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Nunes
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva;
| | - Daniele Guido
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva
| | - Nicolas Demaurex
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva
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30
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Stamm CE, Collins AC, Shiloh MU. Sensing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and consequences to both host and bacillus. Immunol Rev 2015; 264:204-19. [PMID: 25703561 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the primary causative agent of human tuberculosis, has killed more people than any other bacterial pathogen in human history and remains one of the most important transmissible diseases worldwide. Because of the long-standing interaction of Mtb with humans, it is no surprise that human mucosal and innate immune cells have evolved multiple mechanisms to detect Mtb during initial contact. To that end, the cell surface of human cells is decorated with numerous pattern recognition receptors for a variety of mycobacterial ligands. Furthermore, once Mtb is ingested into professional phagocytes, other host molecules are engaged to report on the presence of an intracellular pathogen. In this review, we discuss the role of specific mycobacterial products in modulating the host's ability to detect Mtb. In addition, we describe the specific host receptors that mediate the detection of mycobacterial infection and the role of individual receptors in mycobacterial pathogenesis in humans and model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea E Stamm
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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31
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Abstract
The liver X receptors (LXRs), LXRα and LXRβ, are transcription factors with well-established roles in the regulation of lipid metabolism and cholesterol homeostasis. In addition, LXRs influence innate and adaptive immunity, including responses to inflammatory stimuli, proliferation and differentiation, migration, apoptosis and survival. However, the majority of work describing the role of LXRs in immune cells has been carried out in mouse models, and there are a number of known species-specific differences concerning LXR function. Here we review what is known about the role of LXRs in human immune cells, demonstrating the importance of these receptors in the integration of lipid metabolism and immune function, but also highlighting the need for a better understanding of the species, isoform, and cell-type specific effects of LXR activation.
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32
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Interaction of AIM with insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-4. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:833-8. [PMID: 26135353 PMCID: PMC4533773 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis inhibitor of macrophages (AIM/cluster of differentiation 5 antigen-like/soluble protein α) has been shown to inhibit cellular apoptosis; however, the underlying molecular mechanism has not been elucidated. Using yeast two-hybrid screening, the present study uncovered that AIM binds to insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4). AIM interaction with IGFBP-4, as well as IGFBP-2 and -3, but not with IGFBP-1, -5 and -6, was further confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) using 293 cells. The binding activity and affinity between AIM and IGFBP-4 in vitro were analyzed by co-IP and biolayer interferometry. Serum depletion-induced cellular apoptosis was attenuated by insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and this effect was abrogated by IGFBP-4. Of note, in the presence of AIM, the inhibitory effect of IGFBP-4 on the anti-apoptosis function of IGF-I was attenuated, possibly through binding of AIM with IGFBP-4. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, the present study provides the first evidence that AIM binds to IGFBP-2, -3 and -4. The data suggest that this interaction may contribute to the mechanism of AIM-mediated anti-apoptosis function.
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Sanjurjo L, Aran G, Roher N, Valledor AF, Sarrias MR. AIM/CD5L: a key protein in the control of immune homeostasis and inflammatory disease. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 98:173-84. [PMID: 26048980 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3ru0215-074r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
CD5L, a soluble protein belonging to the SRCR superfamily, is expressed mostly by macrophages in lymphoid and inflamed tissues. The expression of this protein is transcriptionally controlled by LXRs, members of the nuclear receptor family that play major roles in lipid homeostasis. Research undertaken over the last decade has uncovered critical roles of CD5L as a PRR of bacterial and fungal components and in the control of key mechanisms in inflammatory responses, with involvement in processes, such as infection, atherosclerosis, and cancer. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of CD5L, its roles at the intersection between lipid homeostasis and immune response, and its potential use as a diagnostic biomarker in a variety of diseases, such as TB and liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Sanjurjo
- *Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Evolutive Immunology Group, Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Nuclear Receptor Group, Department of Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Aran
- *Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Evolutive Immunology Group, Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Nuclear Receptor Group, Department of Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nerea Roher
- *Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Evolutive Immunology Group, Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Nuclear Receptor Group, Department of Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Annabel F Valledor
- *Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Evolutive Immunology Group, Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Nuclear Receptor Group, Department of Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Rosa Sarrias
- *Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Evolutive Immunology Group, Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Nuclear Receptor Group, Department of Physiology and Immunology, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain
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Fu YR, Gao KS, Ji R, Yi ZJ. Differential transcriptional response in macrophages infected with cell wall deficient versus normal Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:22-30. [PMID: 25552926 PMCID: PMC4278251 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.10217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Host-pathogen interactions determine the outcome following infection by mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Under adverse circumstances, normal Mtb can form cell-wall deficient (CWD) variants within macrophages, which have been considered an adaptive strategy for facilitating bacterial survival inside macrophages. However, the molecular mechanism by which infection of macrophages with different phenotypic Mtb elicits distinct responses of macrophages is not fully understood. To explore the molecular events triggered upon Mtb infection of macrophages, differential transcriptional responses of RAW264.7 cells infected with two forms of Mtb, CWD-Mtb and normal Mtb, were studied by microarray analysis. Some of the differentially regulated genes were confirmed by RT-qPCR in both RAW264.7 cells and primary macrophages. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway was used to analyze functions of differentially expressed genes. Distinct gene expression patterns were observed between CWD-Mtb and normal Mtb group. Mapt was up-regulated, while NOS2 and IL-11 were down-regulated in CWD-Mtb infected RAW264.7 cells and primary macrophages compared with normal Mtb infected ones. Many deregulated genes were found to be related to macrophages activation, immune response, phagosome maturation, autophagy and lipid metabolism. KEGG analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in MAPK signaling pathway, nitrogen metabolism, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and focal adhesion. Taken together, the present study showed that differential macrophage responses were induced by intracellular CWD-Mtb an normal Mtb infection, which suggested that interactions between macrophages and different phenotypic Mtb are very complex. The results provide evidence for further understanding of pathogenesis of CWD-Mtb and may help in improving strategies to eliminate intracellular CWD-Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Rong Fu
- 1. Department of Laboratory Medicine of Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics in Universities of Shandong and Medical Priority Speciality of Clinical Laboratory in Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, China; ; 2. Department of Medical Microbiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Kun-Shan Gao
- 1. Department of Laboratory Medicine of Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics in Universities of Shandong and Medical Priority Speciality of Clinical Laboratory in Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, China
| | - Rui Ji
- 2. Department of Medical Microbiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Zheng-Jun Yi
- 1. Department of Laboratory Medicine of Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics in Universities of Shandong and Medical Priority Speciality of Clinical Laboratory in Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, China
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Moraco AH, Kornfeld H. Cell death and autophagy in tuberculosis. Semin Immunol 2014; 26:497-511. [PMID: 25453227 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis has succeeded in infecting one-third of the human race though inhibition or evasion of innate and adaptive immunity. The pathogen is a facultative intracellular parasite that uses the niche provided by mononuclear phagocytes for its advantage. Complex interactions determine whether the bacillus will or will not be delivered to acidified lysosomes, whether the host phagocyte will survive infection or die, and whether the timing and mode of cell death works to the advantage of the host or the pathogen. Here we discuss cell death and autophagy in TB. These fundamental processes of cell biology feature in all aspects of TB pathogenesis and may be exploited to the treatment or prevention of TB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Moraco
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Hardy Kornfeld
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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Jia X, Li W, Miao Z, Feng C, Liu Z, He Y, Lv J, Du Y, Hou M, He W, Li D, Chen L. Identification of modules related to programmed cell death in CHD based on EHEN. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:475379. [PMID: 25133163 PMCID: PMC4123579 DOI: 10.1155/2014/475379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The formation and death of macrophages and foam cells are one of the major factors that cause coronary heart disease (CHD). In our study, based on the Edinburgh Human Metabolic Network (EHMN) metabolic network, we built an enzyme network which was constructed by enzymes (nodes) and reactions (edges) called the Edinburgh Human Enzyme Network (EHEN). By integrating the subcellular location information for the reactions and refining the protein-reaction relationships based on the location information, we proposed a computational approach to select modules related to programmed cell death. The identified module was in the EHEN-mitochondria (EHEN-M) and was confirmed to be related to programmed cell death, CHD pathogenesis, and lipid metabolism in the literature. We expected this method could analyze CHD better and more comprehensively from the point of programmed cell death in subnetworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Jia
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Wan Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Zhengqiang Miao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Chenchen Feng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Yuehan He
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Junjie Lv
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Youwen Du
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Min Hou
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Weiming He
- Institute of Opto-Electronics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Danbin Li
- Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Lina Chen
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
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Differential macrophage response to slow- and fast-growing pathogenic mycobacteria. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:916521. [PMID: 24949482 PMCID: PMC4052160 DOI: 10.1155/2014/916521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have recently been recognized as important species that cause disease even in immunocompetent individuals. The mechanisms that these species use to infect and persist inside macrophages are not well characterised. To gain insight concerning this process we used THP-1 macrophages infected with M. abscessus, M. fortuitum, M. celatum, and M. tuberculosis. Our results showed that slow-growing mycobacteria gained entrance into these cells with more efficiency than fast-growing mycobacteria. We have also demonstrated that viable slow-growing M. celatum persisted inside macrophages without causing cell damage and without inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), as M. tuberculosis caused. In contrast, fast-growing mycobacteria destroyed the cells and induced high levels of ROS. Additionally, the macrophage cytokine pattern induced by M. celatum was different from the one induced by either M. tuberculosis or fast-growing mycobacteria. Our results also suggest that, in some cases, the intracellular survival of mycobacteria and the immune response that they induce in macrophages could be related to their growth rate. In addition, the modulation of macrophage cytokine production, caused by M. celatum, might be a novel immune-evasion strategy used to survive inside macrophages that is different from the one reported for M. tuberculosis.
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Martinez VG, Escoda-Ferran C, Tadeu Simões I, Arai S, Orta Mascaró M, Carreras E, Martínez-Florensa M, Yelamos J, Miyazaki T, Lozano F. The macrophage soluble receptor AIM/Api6/CD5L displays a broad pathogen recognition spectrum and is involved in early response to microbial aggression. Cell Mol Immunol 2014; 11:343-54. [PMID: 24583716 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis inhibitor of macrophages (AIMs), a homologue of human Spα, is a mouse soluble member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily (SRCR-SF). This family integrates a group of proteins expressed by innate and adaptive immune cells for which no unifying function has yet been described. Pleiotropic functions have been ascribed to AIM, from viability support in lymphocytes during thymic selection to lipid metabolism and anti-inflammatory effects in autoimmune pathologies. In the present report, the pathogen binding properties of AIM have been explored. By using a recombinant form of AIM (rAIM) expressed in mammalian cells, it is shown that this protein is able to bind and aggregate Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as pathogenic and saprophytic fungal species. Importantly, endogenous AIM from mouse serum also binds to microorganisms and secretion of AIM was rapidly induced in mouse spleen macrophages following exposure to conserved microbial cell wall components. Cytokine release induced by well-known bacterial and fungal Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands on mouse splenocytes was also inhibited in the presence of rAIM. Furthermore, mouse models of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)-induced septic shock of bacterial and fungal origin showed that serum AIM levels changed in a time-dependent manner. Altogether, these data suggest that AIM plays a general homeostatic role by supporting innate humoral defense during pathogen aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa G Martinez
- Grup d'Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Escoda-Ferran
- Grup d'Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inês Tadeu Simões
- Grup d'Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Satoko Arai
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - Marc Orta Mascaró
- Grup d'Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Carreras
- Grup d'Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Martínez-Florensa
- Grup d'Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Yelamos
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute and Department of Immunology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toru Miyazaki
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - Francisco Lozano
- 1] Grup d'Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain [2] Servei d'Immunologia, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain [3] Departament de Biologia Cellular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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