1
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Sarkar M, Raj R R, Maliekal TT. Finding the partner: FRET and beyond. Exp Cell Res 2024; 441:114166. [PMID: 39029572 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Given the importance of aberrant protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in disease, the recent drug discovery focuses on targeting the altered PPIs to treat the disease. In this context, identifying the atypical PPIs underlying the disease is critical for the development of diagnostics and therapeutics. Various biochemical, biophysical, and genetic methods have been reported to study PPIs. Here, we are giving a short account of those techniques with more emphasis on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), which can be used to monitor macromolecular interactions in live cells. Besides the basics of FRET, we explain the modifications of its application, like Single molecule FRET (smFRET), Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy-FRET (FLIM-FRET), and photoswitching FRET. While smFRET is extensively used for evaluating the biology of nucleic acids and also to develop diagnostics, FLIM-FRET is widely exploited to study the PPIs underlying neurological disorders and cancer. Photoswitching FRET is a relatively newer technique and it has tremendous potential to unravel the significance of different PPIs. Besides these modifications, there are several advancements in the field by introducing new fluorophores. Identification of lanthanide chelates, quantum dots, and other nanoparticle fluorophores has revolutionized the applications of FRET in diagnostics and basic biology. Yet, these methods can be employed to study the interactions of only two molecules. Since the majority of the PPIs are multimeric complexes, we still need to improve our technologies to study these interactions in live cells in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Sarkar
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Reshma Raj R
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Tessy Thomas Maliekal
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.
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2
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Poding LH, Jägers P, Herlitze S, Huhn M. Diversity and function of fluorescent molecules in marine animals. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:1391-1410. [PMID: 38468189 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence in marine animals has mainly been studied in Cnidaria but is found in many different phyla such as Annelida, Crustacea, Mollusca, and Chordata. While many fluorescent proteins and molecules have been identified, very little information is available about the biological functions of fluorescence. In this review, we focus on describing the occurrence of fluorescence in marine animals and the behavioural and physiological functions of fluorescent molecules based on experimental approaches. These biological functions of fluorescence range from prey and symbiont attraction, photoprotection, photoenhancement, stress mitigation, mimicry, and aposematism to inter- and intraspecific communication. We provide a comprehensive list of marine taxa that utilise fluorescence, including demonstrated effects on behavioural or physiological responses. We describe the numerous known functions of fluorescence in anthozoans and their underlying molecular mechanisms. We also highlight that other marine taxa should be studied regarding the functions of fluorescence. We suggest that an increase in research effort in this field could contribute to understanding the capacity of marine animals to respond to negative effects of climate change, such as rising sea temperatures and increasing intensities of solar irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars H Poding
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, 44801, Germany
| | - Peter Jägers
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, 44801, Germany
| | - Stefan Herlitze
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, 44801, Germany
| | - Mareike Huhn
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, 44801, Germany
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3
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Murphy L, Kwabiah R, Rouah A, Wade R, Osmond T, Tucker D, Boyce D, Vance J, Cao T, Machimbirike VI, Gnanagobal H, Vasquez I, Santander J, Gendron RL. Systematic analysis of ocular features and responses of cultured spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2024; 47:e13959. [PMID: 38706441 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
A better understanding of unique anatomical and functional features of the visual systems of teleost fish could provide key knowledge on how these systems influence the health and survival of these animals in both wild and culture environments. We took a systematic approach to assess some of the visual systems of spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor), a species of increasing importance in North Atlantic aquaculture initiatives. The lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) was included in these studies in a comparative manner to provide reference. Histology, light and electron microscopy were used to study the spatial distribution and occurrence of cone photoreceptor cells and the nature of the retinal tissues, while immunohistochemistry was used to explore the expression patterns of two photoreceptor markers, XAP-1 and XAP-2, in both species. A marine bacterial infection paradigm in lumpfish was used to assess how host-pathogen responses might impact the expression of these photoreceptor markers in these animals. We define a basic photoreceptor mosaic and present an ultrastructural to macroscopic geographical configuration of the retinal pigment tissues in both animals. Photoreceptor markers XAP-1 and XAP-2 have novel distribution patterns in spotted wolffish and lumpfish retinas, and exogenous pathogenic influences can affect the normal expression pattern of XAP-1 in lumpfish. Live tank-side ophthalmoscopy and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) revealed that normal cultured spotted wolffish display novel variations in the shape of the retinal tissue. These two complementary imaging findings suggest that spotted wolffish harbour unique ocular features not yet described in marine teleosts and that visual function might involve specific retinal tissue shape dynamics in these animals. Finally, extensive endogenous biofluorescence is present in the retinal tissues of both animals, which raises questions about how these animals might use retinal tissue in novel ways for visual perception and/or communication. This work advances fundamental knowledge on the visual systems of two economically important but now threatened North Atlantic teleosts and provides a basic foundation for further research on the visual systems of these animals in health versus disease settings. This work could also be useful for understanding and optimizing the health and welfare of lumpfish and spotted wolffish in aquaculture towards a one health or integrative perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Murphy
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Rebecca Kwabiah
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Lab, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Ayla Rouah
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Ryan Wade
- Dalhousie Department of Family Medicine, St. John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Thomas Osmond
- MUN MED 3D, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Denise Tucker
- Dr. Joe Brown Aquatic Research Building (JBARB), Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Danny Boyce
- Dr. Joe Brown Aquatic Research Building (JBARB), Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | | | - Trung Cao
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Lab, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Vimbai I Machimbirike
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Lab, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Hajarooba Gnanagobal
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Lab, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Ignacio Vasquez
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Lab, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Javier Santander
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Lab, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Robert L Gendron
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
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4
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Poding LH, Jägers P, Senen B, Limmon GV, Herlitze S, Huhn M. New observations of fluorescent organisms in the Banda Sea and in the Red Sea. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292476. [PMID: 38865289 PMCID: PMC11168664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence is a widespread phenomenon found in animals, bacteria, fungi, and plants. In marine environments fluorescence has been proposed to play a role in physiological and behavioral responses. Many fluorescent proteins and other molecules have been described in jellyfish, corals, and fish. Here we describe fluorescence in marine species, which we observed and photographed during night dives in the Banda Sea, Indonesia, and in the Red Sea, Egypt. Among various phyla we found fluorescence in sponges, molluscs, tunicates, and fish. Our study extends the knowledge on how many different organisms fluoresce in marine environments. We describe the occurrence of fluorescence in 27 species, in which fluorescence has not been described yet in peer-reviewed literature. It especially extends the knowledge beyond Scleractinia, the so far best described taxon regarding diversity in fluorescent proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Henrik Poding
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Peter Jägers
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Gino Valentino Limmon
- Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty, Pattimura University, Ambon, Indonesia
- Maritime and Marine Science Center of Excellence, Pattimura University, Ambon, Indonesia
- Center for Collaborative Research on Aquatic Ecosystem in Eastern Indonesia, Ambon, Indonesia
| | - Stefan Herlitze
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mareike Huhn
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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5
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Juhasz-Dora T, Lindberg SK, Karlsen A, Ortega S. Biofluorescent response in lumpfish Cyclopterus lumpus to a therapeutic stressor as assessed by hyperspectral imaging. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2982. [PMID: 38316938 PMCID: PMC10844216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53562-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The demand for lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) as a biological control for salmon lice is increasing. However, lumpfish welfare is considered a limiting factor within aquaculture operations. Identifying a noninvasive parameter that measures subclinical stress in lumpfish is a key goal for improving their welfare. The lumpfish is documented to emit green and red biofluorescence within the blue shifted light of their environment. Here we show that lumpfish fluorescence responds to a therapeutic stressor within a controlled experiment. Lumpfish (n = 60) underwent a 3-h freshwater bath therapeutant to evaluate whether fluorescence spectra produced by the species respond to external stimuli. Lumpfish were quickly scanned under a hyperspectral camera (400-1000 nm spectral range) prior to and after treatment. The lumpfish were randomly divided into 3 groups with identical treatment. All groups increased fluorescence emissions, though the level of change depended on whether the averaged, red, or green spectra were analyzed; the control group (n = 20) remained constant. All lumpfish emitted green fluorescence (~ 590-670 nm) while a portion (49%) produced red fluorescence (~ 690-800 nm). As lumpfish fluorescence shifts in response to the applied stressor, this study provides insight into how fluorescence may be incorporated into the welfare management of lumpfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Juhasz-Dora
- Bantry Marine Research Station, Bantry, P75 AX07, Ireland.
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, T23 N73K, Ireland.
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6
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Viviani VR. Biophosphorescence in fluorescent millipedes (Diplopoda: Xystodesmidae) and its relationships with bioluminescence. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22171. [PMID: 38092798 PMCID: PMC10719341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47860-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Three types of luminescence have been reported in living organisms: bioluminescence (BL), ultraweak chemiluminescence and biofluorescence (FL). In millipedes, both BL and FL have been reported in Motyxia sequoiae and related Xystodesmidae species. Noteworthy, when walking at night with a UV lantern at the Biological Station of Highlands, I found three blue-fluorescent millipedes (Deltotaria brimleii, Deltotoria sp and Euryus orestes) that also displayed phosphorescence after turning off the UV source. The phosphorescence of the cuticle was in the green region (λmax = 525 nm). The phosphorescence remained associated with cuticle and pellets, but frozen fluorescent supernatants, also displayed phosphorescence. The fluorescent compounds extracted from the cuticles in water and methanol and separated by TLC, displayed fluorescence spectra similar to that of 6-pteridine carboxylic acid. In contrast to Motyxia sequoiae cuticle extracts, no bioluminescence was found in Deltatoria and Euryus extracts in the presence of MgATP, but weak green chemiluminescence was detected with H2O2 and superoxide. The spectral overlapping of phosphorescence of these millipedes with the bioluminescence of Motyxia (~ 507 nm) and the intimate association of both types of luminescence with the cuticles, raises the possibility that bioluminescence in Motyxia may arise from chemiluminescence reactions preferentially generating triplet excited states instead of singlet states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim R Viviani
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Center for Sustainable Sciences and Technologies (CCTS), UFSCar, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
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7
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Travouillon KJ, Cooper C, Bouzin JT, Umbrello LS, Lewis SW. All-a-glow: spectral characteristics confirm widespread fluorescence for mammals. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230325. [PMID: 37800154 PMCID: PMC10548093 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian fluorescence has been reported from numerous species of monotreme, marsupial and placental mammal. However, it is unknown how widespread this phenomenon is among mammals, it is unclear for many species if these observations of 'glowing' are true fluorescence and the biological function of fluorescence remains undetermined. We examined a wide range of mammal species held in a museum collection for the presence of apparent fluorescence using UV light, and then analysed a subset of preserved and non-preserved specimens by fluorescent spectroscopy at three different excitation wavelengths to assess whether the observations were fluorescence or optical scatter, and the impact of specimen preservation. We also evaluated if fluorescence was related to biological traits. We found that fluorescence is widespread in mammalian taxa; we identified examples of the phenomena among 125 species representing all 27 living mammalian orders and 79 families. For a number of model species, there was no evidence of a corresponding shift in the emission spectra when the wavelength of excitation was shifted, suggesting that observations of 'glowing' mammals were indeed fluorescence. Preservation method impacted the intensity of fluorescence. Fluorescence was most common and most intense among nocturnal species and those with terrestrial, arboreal and fossorial habits, with more of their body being more fluorescent. It remains unclear if fluorescence has any specific biological role for mammals. It appears to be a ubiquitous property of unpigmented fur and skin but may function to make these areas appear brighter and therefore enhance visual signalling, especially for nocturnal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny J. Travouillon
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
- Collections and Research, Western Australian Museum, Welshpool, Western Australia 6106, Australia
| | - Christine Cooper
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Jemmy T. Bouzin
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Linette S. Umbrello
- Collections and Research, Western Australian Museum, Welshpool, Western Australia 6106, Australia
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Simon W. Lewis
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
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8
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Chapuis L, Yopak KE, Radford CA. From the morphospace to the soundscape: Exploring the diversity and functional morphology of the fish inner ear, with a focus on elasmobranchsa). THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 154:1526-1538. [PMID: 37695297 DOI: 10.1121/10.0020850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Fishes, including elasmobranchs (sharks, rays, and skates), present an astonishing diversity in inner ear morphologies; however, the functional significance of these variations and how they confer auditory capacity is yet to be resolved. The relationship between inner ear structure and hearing performance is unclear, partly because most of the morphological and biomechanical mechanisms that underlie the hearing functions are complex and poorly known. Here, we present advanced opportunities to document discontinuities in the macroevolutionary trends of a complex biological form, like the inner ear, and test hypotheses regarding what factors may be driving morphological diversity. Three-dimensional (3D) bioimaging, geometric morphometrics, and finite element analysis are methods that can be combined to interrogate the structure-to-function links in elasmobranch fish inner ears. In addition, open-source 3D morphology datasets, advances in phylogenetic comparative methods, and methods for the analysis of highly multidimensional shape data have leveraged these opportunities. Questions that can be explored with this toolkit are identified, the different methods are justified, and remaining challenges are highlighted as avenues for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chapuis
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
| | - K E Yopak
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, Centre for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, USA
| | - C A Radford
- Leigh Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Leigh 0985, New Zealand
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Reinhold LM, Rymer TL, Helgen KM, Wilson DT. Photoluminescence in mammal fur: 111 years of research. J Mammal 2023; 104:892-906. [PMID: 37545668 PMCID: PMC10399922 DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoluminescence in the pelage of mammals, a topic that has gained considerable recent research interest, was first documented in the 1700s and reported sporadically in the literature over the last century. The first detailed species accounts were of rabbits and humans, published 111 years ago in 1911. Recent studies have largely overlooked this earlier research into photoluminescent mammalian taxa and their luminophores. Here we provide a comprehensive update on existing research on photoluminescence in mammal fur, with the intention of drawing attention to earlier pioneering research in this field. We provide an overview on appropriate terminology, explain the physics of photoluminescence, and explore pigmentation and the ubiquitous photoluminescence of animal tissues, before touching on the emerging debate regarding visual function. We then provide a chronological account of research into mammalian fur photoluminescence, from the earliest discoveries and identification of luminophores to the most recent studies. While all mammal fur is likely to have a general low-level photoluminescence due to the presence of the protein keratin, fur glows luminously under ultraviolet light if it contains significant concentrations of tryptophan metabolites or porphyrins. Finally, we briefly discuss issues associated with preserved museum specimens in studies of photoluminescence. The study of mammal fur photoluminescence has a substantial history, which provides a broad foundation on which future studies can be grounded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Reinhold
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, P.O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia
| | - Tasmin L Rymer
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, P.O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, James Cook University, P.O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia
| | - Kristofer M Helgen
- Australian Museum Research Institute, 1 William Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - David T Wilson
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
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10
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Yu Y, He K, Xu H, Xiao Z, Chen L, Xu S, Bai G. Flexible multi-color electroluminescent devices with a high transmission conducting hydrogel and an organic dielectric. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:9196-9202. [PMID: 37157894 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01177a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electroluminescent devices have sparked widespread interest due to their tremendous applications in bioinspired electronics, smart wearables, and human-machine interfaces. In these applications, it is important to reduce the operating electrical frequency and realize color modulation. Herein, flexible electroluminescent devices have been fabricated with phosphor layers by a solution method. Using polyvinylidene difluoride as a dielectric layer and ionic hydrogels as electrodes, the devices can be effectively driven even when the operating frequency is 0.1 kHz. More importantly, the devices can exhibit multi-color emission, including blue, green, red and white. The results show that the developed devices are promising for flexible optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Optoelectronic Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Kun He
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Optoelectronic Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Zhen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Optoelectronic Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Optoelectronic Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Shiqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Optoelectronic Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Gongxun Bai
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Optoelectronic Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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11
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Nummert G, Ritson K, Nemvalts K. Photoluminescence in the Garden dormouse (Eliomys quercinus). ZOOLOGY 2023; 157:126075. [PMID: 36758427 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2023.126075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Every year, more and more discoveries of photoluminescence in different mammal species are made. The more recent cases thus far have been in duck-billed platypus (Ornithorhyncus anatinus), New World squirrels (Glaucomys spp.) and springhare (Pedetidae). Now we can add another species to the list: the garden dormouse (Eliomys quercinus), an endemic rodent to Europe, currently categorized as Near Threatened (NT) by the IUCN. The fluorescence was described and compared qualitatively in museum specimens, deceased and hibernating animals. The feet and nose of the hibernating dormouse displayed greenish-blue photoluminescence under UV light through a yellow filter, whereas the fur was bright red. The live animal had more vivid red colouring than the museum specimen. The fading and changing of the colour and brightness of photoluminescence was observed in a recently deceased animal and even more strongly in museum specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grete Nummert
- Species Conservation Research Center, Tallinn Zoo, Ehitajate tee 150, 13522 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Karmel Ritson
- Species Conservation Research Center, Tallinn Zoo, Ehitajate tee 150, 13522 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kristel Nemvalts
- Species Conservation Research Center, Tallinn Zoo, Ehitajate tee 150, 13522 Tallinn, Estonia
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12
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Cox JL, Fitzpatrick BM. Biofluorescent sexual dimorphism revealed in a southern Appalachian endemic salamander, Plethodon metcalfi. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3588. [PMID: 36869050 PMCID: PMC9984499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofluorescence occurs when a living organism absorbs high energy light and reemits it at longer wavelengths. Many species within clades of vertebrates are known to fluoresce including mammals, reptiles, birds, and fish. Most, if not all, amphibians exhibit biofluorescence when exposed to either blue (440-460 nm) or ultra-violet (360-380 nm) wavelengths of light. Salamanders (Lissamphibia: Caudata) appear to consistently fluoresce in green wavelengths (520-560 nm) when excited by blue light. Biofluorescence is theorized to have many ecological functions including mate signaling, camouflage, and mimicry. Despite the discovery of their biofluorescence, its role in salamander ecology and behavior remains unresolved. In this study we present the first case of biofluorescent sexual dimorphism within Amphibia and the first documentation of the biofluorescent pattern of a salamander within the Plethodon jordani species complex. This sexually dimorphic trait was discovered in the southern Appalachian endemic species, Southern Gray-Cheeked Salamander (Plethodon metcalfi, Brimley in Proc Biol Soc Wash 25:135-140, 1912), and may extend into other species within the Plethodon jordani and Plethodon glutinosus species complexes. We propose that this sexually dimorphic trait could be related to fluorescence of ventral modified granular glands used in plethodontid chemosensory communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Cox
- National Park Service, Twin Creeks Science and Education Center, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 1316 Cherokee Orchard Rd., Gatlinburg, TN, 37738, USA.
| | - Benjamin M Fitzpatrick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 596 Dabney Hall, 1416 Circle Dr, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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13
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John L, Santon M, Michiels NK. Scorpionfish rapidly change colour in response to their background. Front Zool 2023; 20:10. [PMID: 36864453 PMCID: PMC9983180 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-023-00488-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To facilitate background matching in heterogenous environments, some animals rapidly change body colouration. Marine predatory fishes might use this ability to hide from predators and prey. Here, we focus on scorpionfishes (Scorpaenidae), well-camouflaged, bottom-dwelling sit-and-wait predators. We tested whether Scorpaena maderensis and Scorpaena porcus adjust body luminance and hue in response to three artificial backgrounds and thereby achieve background matching. Both scorpionfish species are also red fluorescent, which could contribute to background matching at depth. Therefore, we tested whether red fluorescence is also regulated in response to different backgrounds. The darkest and the lightest backgrounds were grey, while the third background was orange of intermediate luminance. Scorpionfish were placed on all three backgrounds in a randomised repeated measures design. We documented changes in scorpionfish luminance and hue with image analysis and calculated contrast to the backgrounds. Changes were quantified from the visual perspective of two potential prey fishes, the triplefin Tripterygion delaisi and the goby Pomatoschistus flavescens. Additionally, we measured changes in the area of scorpionfish red fluorescence. Because scorpionfish changed quicker than initially expected, we measured luminance change at a higher temporal resolution in a second experiment. RESULTS Both scorpionfish species rapidly adjusted luminance and hue in response to a change of background. From prey visual perspective, scorpionfishes' body achromatic and chromatic contrasts against the background were high, indicating imperfect background matching. Chromatic contrasts differed considerably between the two observer species, highlighting the importance of choosing natural observers with care when studying camouflage. Scorpionfish displayed larger areas of red fluorescence with increasing luminance of the background. With the second experiment, we showed that about 50% of the total luminance change observed after one minute is achieved very rapidly, in five to ten seconds. CONCLUSION Both scorpionfish species change body luminance and hue in response to different backgrounds within seconds. While the achieved background matching was suboptimal for the artificial backgrounds, we propose that the observed changes were intended to reduce detectability, and are an essential strategy to camouflage in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie John
- Animal Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf Der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Matteo Santon
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Animal Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf Der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany ,grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Ecology of Vision Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ UK
| | - Nico K. Michiels
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Animal Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf Der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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14
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Lukyanov KA. Fluorescent proteins for a brighter science. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 633:29-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Juhasz‐Dora T, Teague J, Doyle TK, Maguire J. First record of biofluorescence in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus), a commercially farmed cleaner fish. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 101:1058-1062. [PMID: 35781815 PMCID: PMC9796030 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study is the first known observation of biofluorescence in the lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus). Individual lumpfish were illuminated with blue excitation lighting for photography with both hyperspectral and filtered multispectral cameras. All photographed juvenile lumpfish (n = 11) exhibited green biofluorescence. Light emissions were characterised with two peaks observed at 545 and 613 nm, with the greatest intensity along the tubercles of the high crest and the three longitudinal ridges. Further research on the dynamics of biofluorescence through the lifecycle of this species is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Juhasz‐Dora
- Bantry Marine Research StationCorkIreland
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Jonathan Teague
- Interface Analysis Centre, School of PhysicsUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Thomas K. Doyle
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Energy, Climate and Marine, Environmental Research CentreUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
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16
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Sobral G, Souza-Gudinho F. Fluorescence and UV-visible reflectance in the fur of several Rodentia genera. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12293. [PMID: 35853976 PMCID: PMC9296623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15952-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammals are generally brown in colour, but recent publications are showing that they may not be as uniform as once assumed. Monotremes, marsupials, and a handful of eutherians reflect various colours when lit with UV light, mostly purple. Because of these still scarce records, we aimed to explore UV reflectance among rodent genera, the most diverse mammalian group, and the group of eutherians with the most common records of biofluorescence. Here we report structures like nails and quills reflected green, but for most genera, it was faded. However, Hystrix, Erethizon, and Ctenomys showed intense and contrasting green glow, while Chaetomys presented a vivid orange anogenital. The main available explanation of fluorescence in mammals relies on porphyrin. This explanation applies to the cases like Chaetomys, where specimens showed anogenital orange biofluorescence, but does not apply to the green biofluorescence we observed. In our sample, because the structures that reflected green were all keratinized, we have reasons to believe that biofluorescence results from keratinization and is a structurally-based colouration. However, not all spines/quills equally biofluoresced, so we cannot rule out other explanations. Since Rodentia is the most common mammalian group with reports on biofluorescence, this trait likely serves various functions that match the species diversity of this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Sobral
- Setor de Mamíferos, Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Quinta da Boa Vista s/n, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 20940-040, Brazil.
| | - Filipe Souza-Gudinho
- Setor de Mamíferos, Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Quinta da Boa Vista s/n, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 20940-040, Brazil
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17
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Abstract
![]()
Personalized and
point-of-care (POC) diagnoses are critical for
ocular physiology and disease diagnosis. Real-time monitoring and
continuous sampling abilities of tear fluid and user-friendliness
have become the key characteristics for the applied ophthalmic techniques.
Fluorescence technologies, as one of the most popular methods that
can fulfill the requirements of clinical ophthalmic applications for
optical sensing, have been raised and applied for tear sensing and
diagnostic platforms in recent decades. Wearable sensors in this case
have been increasingly developed for ocular diagnosis. Contact lenses,
as one of the commercialized and popular tools for ocular dysfunction,
have been developed as a platform for fluorescence sensing in tears
diagnostics and real-time monitoring. Numbers of biochemical analytes
have been examined through developed fluorescent contact lens sensors,
including pH values, electrolytes, glucose, and enzymes. These sensors
have been proven for monitoring ocular conditions, enhancing and detecting
medical treatments, and tracking efficiency of related ophthalmic
surgeries at POC settings. This review summarizes the applied ophthalmic
fluorescence sensing technologies in tears for ocular diagnosis and
monitoring. In addition, the cooperation of fabricated fluorescent
sensor with mobile phone readout devices for diagnosing ocular diseases
with specific biomarkers continuously is also discussed. Further perspectives
for the developments and applications of fluorescent ocular sensing
and diagnosing technologies are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, United Kingdom
| | - Yubing Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, United Kingdom
| | - Nan Jiang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ali K. Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, United Kingdom
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18
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Rodrigo AP, Lopes A, Pereira R, Anjo SI, Manadas B, Grosso AR, Baptista PV, Fernandes AR, Costa PM. Endogenous Fluorescent Proteins in the Mucus of an Intertidal Polychaeta: Clues for Biotechnology. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040224. [PMID: 35447897 PMCID: PMC9028460 DOI: 10.3390/md20040224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast ocean holds many unexplored organisms with unique adaptive features that enable them to thrive in their environment. The secretion of fluorescent proteins is one of them, with reports on the presence of such compounds in marine annelids being scarce. The intertidal Eulalia sp. is an example. The worm secretes copious amounts of mucus, that when purified and concentrated extracts, yield strong fluorescence under UV light. Emission has two main maxima, at 400 nm and at 500 nm, with the latter responsible for the blue–greenish fluorescence. Combining proteomics and transcriptomics techniques, we identified ubiquitin, peroxiredoxin, and 14-3-3 protein as key elements in the mucus. Fluorescence was found to be mainly modulated by redox status and pH, being consistently upheld in extracts prepared in Tris-HCl buffer with reducing agent at pH 7 and excited at 330 nm. One of the proteins associated with the fluorescent signal was localized in secretory cells in the pharynx. The results indicate that the secretion of fluorescent proteinaceous complexes can be an important defense against UV for this dweller. Additionally, the internalization of fluorescent complexes by ovarian cancer cells and modulation of fluorescence of redox status bears important considerations for biotechnological application of mucus components as markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Rodrigo
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (A.L.); (R.P.); (A.R.G.); (P.V.B.); (A.R.F.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.P.R.); (P.M.C.); Tel.: +351-212-948-300 (A.P.R. & P.M.C.)
| | - Ana Lopes
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (A.L.); (R.P.); (A.R.G.); (P.V.B.); (A.R.F.)
| | - Ricardo Pereira
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (A.L.); (R.P.); (A.R.G.); (P.V.B.); (A.R.F.)
| | - Sandra I. Anjo
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, Núcleo 04, Lote 8, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal; (S.I.A.); (B.M.)
| | - Bruno Manadas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, Núcleo 04, Lote 8, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal; (S.I.A.); (B.M.)
| | - Ana R. Grosso
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (A.L.); (R.P.); (A.R.G.); (P.V.B.); (A.R.F.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro V. Baptista
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (A.L.); (R.P.); (A.R.G.); (P.V.B.); (A.R.F.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandra R. Fernandes
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (A.L.); (R.P.); (A.R.G.); (P.V.B.); (A.R.F.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro M. Costa
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (A.L.); (R.P.); (A.R.G.); (P.V.B.); (A.R.F.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.P.R.); (P.M.C.); Tel.: +351-212-948-300 (A.P.R. & P.M.C.)
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19
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Ludt WB, Clardy TR. First detection of biofluorescence in a deep-sea anglerfish. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 100:843-846. [PMID: 34982469 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biofluorescence has been observed in a variety of fishes, but is rare in deep-sea environments where light from the surface cannot reach. Here, we document biofluorescence in an oceanic anglerfish, the Pacific footballfish. Green biofluorescence was observed in small spots on the distal surface of the esca. While the wavelength of bioluminescent light is unknown for this species, it is possible that light produced by this species also results in biofluorescent emission that may create a more complex lure for attracting prey or mates.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Ludt
- Department of Ichthyology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California, USA
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Todd R Clardy
- Department of Ichthyology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California, USA
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20
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Hughes B, Bowman J, Stock NL, Burness G. Using mass spectrometry to investigate fluorescent compounds in squirrel fur. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0257156. [PMID: 35192622 PMCID: PMC8863215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While an array of taxa are capable of producing fluorescent pigments, fluorescence in mammals is a novel and poorly understood phenomenon. A first step towards understanding the potential adaptive functions of fluorescence in mammals is to develop an understanding of fluorescent compounds, or fluorophores, that are present in fluorescent tissue. Here we use Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) of flying squirrel fur known to fluoresce under ultraviolet (UV) light to identify potentially fluorescent compounds in squirrel fur. All of the potentially fluorescent compounds we identified were either present in non-fluorescent fur or were not present in all species of fluorescent flying squirrel. Therefore, we suggest that the compounds responsible for fluorescence in flying squirrels may also be present in non-fluorescent mammal fur. Some currently unexplained factor likely leads to excitation of fluorophores in flying squirrel fur. A recently suggested hypothesis that fluorescence in mammals is widely caused by porphyrins is consistent with our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Hughes
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeff Bowman
- Ontario Ministry of Northern Development, Mines, Natural Resources and Forestry, Trent University DNA Building, Peterborough, Canada
| | - Naomi L. Stock
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary Burness
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Tang S, Yang T, Zhao Z, Zhu T, Zhang Q, Hou W, Yuan WZ. Nonconventional luminophores: characteristics, advancements and perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12616-12655. [PMID: 34610056 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01087a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nonconventional luminophores devoid of remarkable conjugates have attracted considerable attention due to their unique luminescence behaviors, updated luminescence mechanism of organics and promising applications in optoelectronic, biological and medical fields. Unlike classic luminogens consisting of molecular segments with greatly extended electron delocalization, these unorthodox luminophores generally possess nonconjugated structures based on subgroups such as ether (-O-), hydroxyl (-OH), halogens, carbonyl (CO), carboxyl (-COOH), cyano (CN), thioether (-S-), sulfoxide (SO), sulfone (OSO), phosphate, and aliphatic amine, as well as their grouped functionalities like amide, imide, anhydride and ureido. They can exhibit intriguing intrinsic luminescence, generally featuring concentration-enhanced emission, aggregation-induced emission, excitation-dependent luminescence and prevailing phosphorescence. Herein, we review the recent progress in exploring these nonconventional luminophores and discuss the current challenges and future perspectives. Notably, different mechanisms are reviewed and the clustering-triggered emission (CTE) mechanism is highlighted, which emphasizes the clustering of the above mentioned electron rich moieties and consequent electron delocalization along with conformation rigidification. The CTE mechanism seems widely applicable for diversified natural, synthetic and supramolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saixing Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Tianjia Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Zihao Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Tianwen Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Wubeiwen Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Wang Zhang Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China.
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22
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Wu S, Shi H, Lu W, Wei S, Shang H, Liu H, Si M, Le X, Yin G, Theato P, Chen T. Aggregation‐Induced Emissive Carbon Dots Gels for Octopus‐Inspired Shape/Color Synergistically Adjustable Actuators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Huihui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Wei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Shuxin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Hui Shang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Muqing Si
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Le
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Guangqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Patrick Theato
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory Institute for Biological Interfaces III Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesser Str. 18 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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23
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Wu S, Shi H, Lu W, Wei S, Shang H, Liu H, Si M, Le X, Yin G, Theato P, Chen T. Aggregation-Induced Emissive Carbon Dots Gels for Octopus-Inspired Shape/Color Synergistically Adjustable Actuators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21890-21898. [PMID: 34312961 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Some living organisms such as the octopus have fantastic abilities to simultaneously swim away and alter body color/morphology for disguise and self-protection, especially when there is a threat perception. However, it is still quite challenging to construct artificial soft actuators with octopus-like synergistic shape/color change and directional locomotion behaviors, but such systems could enhance the functions of soft robotics dramatically. Herein, we proposed to utilize unique hydrophobic carbon dots (CDs) with rotatable surficial groups to construct the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active glycol CDs polymer gel, which could be further employed to be interfacially bonded to an elastomer to produce anisotropic bilayer soft actuator. When putting the actuator on a water surface, glycol spontaneously diffused out from the gel layer to allow water intake, resulting in a color change from a blue dispersion fluorescence to red AIE and a shape deformation, as well as a large surface tension gradient that can promote its autonomous locomotion. Based on these findings, artificial soft swimming robots with octopus-like synergistic shape/color change and directional swimming motion were demonstrated. This study provides an elegant strategy to develop advanced multi-functional bio-inspired intelligent soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Huihui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shuxin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Shang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Muqing Si
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Le
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guangqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Patrick Theato
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institute for Biological Interfaces III, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesser Str. 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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24
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Cox KD, Woods MB, Reimchen TE. Regional heterogeneity in coral species richness and hue reveals novel global predictors of reef fish intra-family diversity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18275. [PMID: 34521952 PMCID: PMC8440613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Habitat heterogeneity shapes biological communities, a well-known process in terrestrial ecosystems but substantially unresolved within coral reef ecosystems. We investigated the extent to which coral richness predicts intra-family fish richness, while simultaneously integrating a striking aspect of reef ecosystems-coral hue. To do so, we quantified the coral richness, coral hue diversity, and species richness within 25 fish families in 74 global ecoregions. We then expanded this to an analysis of all reef fishes (4465 species). Considering coral bleaching as a natural experiment, we subsequently examined hue's contribution to fish communities. Coral species and hue diversity significantly predict each family's fish richness, with the highest correlations (> 80%) occurring in damselfish, butterflyfish, emperors and rabbitfish, lower (60-80%) in substrate-bound and mid-water taxa such as blennies, seahorses, and parrotfish, and lowest (40-60%) in sharks, morays, grunts and triggerfish. The observed trends persisted globally. Coral bleaching's homogenization of reef colouration revealed hue's contribution to maintaining fish richness, abundance, and recruit survivorship. We propose that each additional coral species and associated hue provide added ecological opportunities (e.g. camouflage, background contrast for intraspecific display), facilitating the evolution and co-existence of diverse fish assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran D Cox
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Cunningham 202, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
- Hakai Institute, Heriot Bay, BC, V0P 1H0, Canada.
| | - Mackenzie B Woods
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Cunningham 202, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Thomas E Reimchen
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Cunningham 202, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
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25
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Pynne JT, Castleberry SB, Conner LM, Piper CW, Parsons EI, Gitzen RA, Duncan SI, Austin JD, McCleery RA. Ultraviolet Biofluorescence in Pocket Gophers. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031-186.1.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. T. Pynne
- D. B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens 30602. The Jones Center at Ichauway, Newton, Georgia 39870
| | - Steven B. Castleberry
- D. B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens 30602
| | | | | | - Elizabeth I. Parsons
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens 30602. The Jones Center at Ichauway, Newton, Georgia 39870
| | - Robert A. Gitzen
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, 602 Duncan Drive, Auburn Alabama 36849
| | - Sarah I. Duncan
- Eckerd College, Natural Sciences Collegium, Biology, 4200 54th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, Florida 33713
| | - James D. Austin
- University of Florida, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, Box 110430, Gainesville 32611
| | - Robert A. McCleery
- University of Florida, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, Box 110430, Gainesville 32611
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26
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Cuticular modified air sacs underlie white coloration in the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae. Commun Biol 2021; 4:881. [PMID: 34272466 PMCID: PMC8285419 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, the ultrastructure and development of the white patches on thorax and head of Bactrocera oleae are analysed using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. Based on these analyses and measurements of patch reflectance spectra, we infer that white patches are due to modified air sacs under transparent cuticle. These air sacs show internal arborisations with beads in an empty space, constituting a three-dimensional photonic solid responsible for light scattering. The white patches also show UV-induced blue autofluorescence due to the air sac resilin content. To the best of our knowledge, this research describes a specialized function for air sacs and the first observation of structural color produced by tracheal structures located under transparent cuticles in insects. Sexual dimorphism in the spectral emission also lays a structural basis for further investigations on the biological role of white patches in B. oleae.
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27
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Hamchand R, Lafountain AM, Büchel R, Maas KR, Hird SM, Warren M, Frank HA, Brückner C. Red Fluorescence of European Hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) Spines Results from Free-Base Porphyrins of Potential Microbial Origin. J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:588-596. [PMID: 33948884 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bioluminescence has been recognized as an important means for inter- and intra-species communication. A growing number of reports of red fluorescence occurring in keratinaceous materials have become available. The fluorophore(s) in these cases were shown to be, or suspected to be, free base porphyrins. The red fluorescence found in the downs of bustards was associated with inter-species signaling in mate selection. First reported in 1925, we confirm that spines of the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) when irradiated with UV (365-395 nm) light display red fluorescence localized in the light-colored sections of their proximal ends. Using reflectance fluorescence spectroscopy, we confirmed that the fluorophores responsible for the emission are free-base porphyrins, as suspected in the original report. Base-induced degradation of the spine matrix and subsequent HPLC, UV-vis, and ESI+ mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of a mixture of coproporphyrin III and uroporphyrin III as predominant porphyrins and a minor fraction of protoporphyrin IX. Investigation of the spine microbiome uncovered the abundant presence of bacteria known to secrete and/or interconvert porphyrins and that are not present on the non-fluorescing quills of the North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum). Given this circumstantial evidence, we propose the porphyrins could originate from commensal bacteria. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the fluorescence may be incidental and of no biological function for the hedgehog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy Hamchand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Unit 3060, Storrs, CT, 06269-3060, USA
| | - Amy M Lafountain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Unit 3060, Storrs, CT, 06269-3060, USA
| | - Rhea Büchel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Unit 3060, Storrs, CT, 06269-3060, USA
| | - Kendra R Maas
- Microbial Analysis, Resources, and Services (MARS), University of Connecticut, Unit-3032, Storrs, CT, 06269-3032, USA
| | - Sarah M Hird
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Unit 3125, Storrs, CT, 06269-3125, USA
| | - Martin Warren
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Harry A Frank
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Unit 3060, Storrs, CT, 06269-3060, USA
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Unit 3060, Storrs, CT, 06269-3060, USA.
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28
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Feitosa NM, Calderon EN, da Silva RN, de Melo SLR, Souza-Menezes J, Nunes-da-Fonseca R, Reynier MV. Brazilian silverside, Atherinella brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard,1825) embryos as a test-species for marine fish ecotoxicological tests. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11214. [PMID: 33954044 PMCID: PMC8052962 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The fish embryo test (FET) is an alternative to the classic freshwater toxicity test used to assess environmental hazards and risks to fish. This test has been standardized and adopted by the Organization for Economic and Cooperation and Development (OECD). As salinity may affect the substances’ toxicity, we describe the development of an alternative euryhaline test species for embryonic ecotoxicological tests: the Brazilian silverside Atherinella brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825). This species is broadly distributed along the coast of South America and is able to inhabit a broad range of environmental and saline conditions. Ours is the first study on the maintenance of a native South American species for natural reproduction and the generation of embryos for tests. The embryos used are transparent and possess fluorescent cells which have only been seen in a few species and which may be used as markers, making it an alternative assessment tool for the lethal and sublethal substances in marine and estuarine environments. We provide a detailed description and analysis of embryonic development under different salinities and temperatures. The embryos and larvae developed in similar ways at different salinities, however as temperatures increased, mortality also increased. We considered the effects of the reference toxicants Zn2+ and SDS using a protocol similar to the FET that was standardized for zebrafish. Brazilian silverside embryos are as sensitive as freshwater, or euryhaline fish, to the surfactant but are more resistant to metals prior to hatching. We were able to show the advantages of the Brazilian silverside as a model for a marine fish embryo test (FETm) with high levels of reproducibility and little contaminated waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Martins Feitosa
- Laboratório Integrado de Biociências Translacionais, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade (NUPEM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Emiliano Nicolas Calderon
- Programa Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Conservação (PPG-CiAC), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rhennã Nascimento da Silva
- Laboratório Integrado de Ciências Morfofuncionais, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade (NUPEM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Jackson Souza-Menezes
- Laboratório Integrado de Ciências Morfofuncionais, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade (NUPEM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Nunes-da-Fonseca
- Laboratório Integrado de Ciências Morfofuncionais, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade (NUPEM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
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29
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Gruber DF, Sparks JS. First Report of Biofluorescence in Arctic Snailfishes and Rare Occurrence of Multiple Fluorescent Colors in a Single Species. AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES 2021. [DOI: 10.1206/3967.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David F. Gruber
- Department of Natural Sciences, Baruch College and the Graduate Center, City University of New York
| | - John S. Sparks
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History
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30
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Vivid biofluorescence discovered in the nocturnal Springhare (Pedetidae). Sci Rep 2021; 11:4125. [PMID: 33603032 PMCID: PMC7892538 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofluorescence has been detected in several nocturnal-crepuscular organisms from invertebrates to birds and mammals. Biofluorescence in mammals has been detected across the phylogeny, including the monotreme duck-billed platypus (Ornithorhyncus anatinus), marsupial opossums (Didelphidae), and New World placental flying squirrels (Gluacomys spp.). Here, we document vivid biofluorescence of springhare (Pedetidae) in both museum specimens and captive individuals—the first documented biofluorescence of an Old World placental mammal. We explore the variation in biofluorescence across our sample and characterize its physical and chemical properties. The striking visual patterning and intensity of color shift was unique relative to biofluorescence found in other mammals. We establish that biofluorescence in springhare likely originates within the cuticle of the hair fiber and emanates, at least partially, from several fluorescent porphyrins and potentially one unassigned molecule absent from our standard porphyrin mixture. This discovery further supports the hypothesis that biofluorescence may be ecologically important for nocturnal-crepuscular mammals and suggests that it may be more broadly distributed throughout Mammalia than previously thought.
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31
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Prötzel D, Heß M, Schwager M, Glaw F, Scherz MD. Neon-green fluorescence in the desert gecko Pachydactylus rangei caused by iridophores. Sci Rep 2021; 11:297. [PMID: 33432052 PMCID: PMC7801506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79706-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofluorescence is widespread in the natural world, but only recently discovered in terrestrial vertebrates. Here, we report on the discovery of iridophore-based, neon-green flourescence in the gecko Pachydactylus rangei, localised to the skin around the eyes and along the flanks. The maximum emission of the fluorescence is at a wavelength of 516 nm in the green spectrum (excitation maximum 465 nm, blue) with another, smaller peak at 430 nm. The fluorescent regions of the skin show large numbers of iridophores, which are lacking in the non-fluorescent parts. Two types of iridophores are recognized, fluorescent iridophores and basal, non-fluorescent iridophores, the latter of which might function as a mirror, amplifying the omnidirectional fluorescence. The strong intensity of the fluorescence (quantum yield of 12.5%) indicates this to be a highly effective mechanism, unique among tetrapods. Although the fluorescence is associated with iridophores, the spectra of emission and excitation as well as the small Stokes shifts argue against guanine crystals as its source, but rather a rigid pair of fluorophores. Further studies are necessary to identify their morphology and chemical structures. We hypothesise that this nocturnal gecko uses the neon-green fluorescence, excited by moonlight, for intraspecific signalling in its open desert habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Prötzel
- grid.452282.b0000 0001 1013 3702Zoologische Staatssammlung München (ZSM-SNSB), Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Heß
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment Biologie II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martina Schwager
- grid.434949.70000 0001 1408 3925Department of Applied Sciences and Mechatronics, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Lothstr. 34, 80335 Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Glaw
- grid.452282.b0000 0001 1013 3702Zoologische Staatssammlung München (ZSM-SNSB), Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich, Germany
| | - Mark D. Scherz
- grid.452282.b0000 0001 1013 3702Zoologische Staatssammlung München (ZSM-SNSB), Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich, Germany
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32
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Lai W, Deng R, He T, Wong W. A Bioinspired, Sustained-Release Material in Response to Internal Signals for Biphasic Chemical Sensing in Wound Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001267. [PMID: 33184990 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Biofluorescence in living entities is a functional process associated with information conveyance; whereas the capacity to respond to internal physiological signals is a unique property of a cell. By integrating these two biological features into materials design, a bioinspired material, namely CPS, is developed. Contrary to conventional luminescent polymeric systems whose emission comes from π-conjugated structures, this material displays clusterization-triggered emission. In the preclinical trial on a dermal punch model of tissue repair, it successfully increases the rate of wound closure, reduces inflammatory cell infiltration, and enhances collagen deposition. It can also relay changes in internal chemical signals into changes in its intrinsic luminescence for biphasic chemical sensing to prevent possible occurrence of skin hyperpigmentation caused by minocycline hydrochloride in wound therapy. Together with its ease of fabrication, high biocompatibility, high drug loading efficiency, and high release sustainability, CPS shows high potential to be developed into an intelligent solid-state device for wound treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing‐Fu Lai
- Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Life and Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518172 P. R. China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Ryan Deng
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Tingchao He
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Wing‐Tak Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
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33
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Hamied A, Alnedawy Q, Correia A, Hacker C, Ramsdale M, Hashimoto H, Kudoh T. Identification and Characterization of Highly Fluorescent Pigment Cells in Embryos of the Arabian Killifish ( Aphanius Dispar). iScience 2020; 23:101674. [PMID: 33145484 PMCID: PMC7593555 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arabian killifish, Aphanius dispar, is a small tropical teleost fish living in wide range of habitats in sea water and fresh water in the Middle East. Here, we report extraordinary fluorescent pigment cells in the Arabian killifish embryo. These cells appear brown in transmitted light, yellowish white in reflected light, and as strong fluorescence in GFP and RFP filters. TEM and confocal microscopy analyses show the fluorescence emanates from leucosome-like pigment organelles. The cells express the gene encoding GTP cyclohydrolase (gch), a marker for leucophores and xanthophore. Gene knockdown and knockout of gch using morpholino or CRISPR-Cas9 induced loss of fluorescence in these embryos, indicating a crucial role of the enzyme and the associated pterine biosynthesis pathway in the generation of the fluorescence. We concluded that these cells are a highly fluorescent subtype of leucophores and have named them as fluoroleucophores. Arabian killifish embryos possess extremely fluorescent pigment cells The fluorescent pigment cells show characteristics in common with leucophores Gene knockout of GTP cyclohydrolase removes fluorescence from the pigment cells The novel pigment cells are termed fluoroleucophores
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Affiliation(s)
- Atyaf Hamied
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | | | - Ana Correia
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | | | - Mark Ramsdale
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Hisashi Hashimoto
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
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34
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Anich PS, Anthony S, Carlson M, Gunnelson A, Kohler AM, Martin JG, Olson ER. Biofluorescence in the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus). MAMMALIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2020-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The occurrence of biofluorescence across Mammalia is an area of active study. We examined three specimens of the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) from Tasmania and New South Wales, Australia, housed in the Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago, Illinois, USA) and the University of Nebraska State Museum (Lincoln, Nebraska, USA) under visible light and ultraviolet (UV) light. The pelage of the animals appeared uniformly brown under visible light and green or cyan under UV light, due to fluoresced wavelengths that peaked around 500 nm. Our observations are the first report of biofluorescence in a monotreme mammal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Spaeth Anich
- Departments of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources , Northland College , 1411 Ellis Avenue , Ashland , WI 54806, USA
| | - Sharon Anthony
- Departments of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources , Northland College , 1411 Ellis Avenue , Ashland , WI 54806, USA
| | - Michaela Carlson
- Departments of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources , Northland College , 1411 Ellis Avenue , Ashland , WI 54806, USA
| | - Adam Gunnelson
- Departments of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources , Northland College , 1411 Ellis Avenue , Ashland , WI 54806, USA
| | - Allison M. Kohler
- Warner College of Natural Resources , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , CO , 80523, USA
| | - Jonathan G. Martin
- Departments of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources , Northland College , 1411 Ellis Avenue , Ashland , WI 54806, USA
| | - Erik R. Olson
- Departments of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources , Northland College , 1411 Ellis Avenue , Ashland , WI 54806, USA
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35
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Kaye TG, Pittman M. Fluorescence‐based detection of field targets using an autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle system. Methods Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. Kaye
- Foundation for Scientific Advancement Sierra Vista AZ USA
- Laboratory for Space Research The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Michael Pittman
- Laboratory for Space Research The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
- Vertebrate Palaeontology Laboratory Division of Earth and Planetary Science The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
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36
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Macel ML, Ristoratore F, Locascio A, Spagnuolo A, Sordino P, D’Aniello S. Sea as a color palette: the ecology and evolution of fluorescence. ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2020; 6:9. [PMID: 32537244 PMCID: PMC7288533 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-020-00161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence and luminescence are widespread optical phenomena exhibited by organisms living in terrestrial and aquatic environments. While many underlying mechanistic features have been identified and characterized at the molecular and cellular levels, much less is known about the ecology and evolution of these forms of bioluminescence. In this review, we summarize recent findings in the evolutionary history and ecological functions of fluorescent proteins (FP) and pigments. Evidence for green fluorescent protein (GFP) orthologs in cephalochordates and non-GFP fluorescent proteins in vertebrates suggests unexplored evolutionary scenarios that favor multiple independent origins of fluorescence across metazoan lineages. Several context-dependent behavioral and physiological roles have been attributed to fluorescent proteins, ranging from communication and predation to UV protection. However, rigorous functional and mechanistic studies are needed to shed light on the ecological functions and control mechanisms of fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Lyne Macel
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Napoli, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Ristoratore
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Napoli, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Locascio
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Napoli, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Spagnuolo
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Napoli, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Sordino
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Napoli, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore D’Aniello
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Napoli, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
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37
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Lee G, Kong M, Park D, Park J, Jeong U. Electro-Photoluminescence Color Change for Deformable Visual Encryption. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907477. [PMID: 32319128 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although structural coloring and photoluminescence (PL) have been investigated for radiation-responsive color change, electroluminescence (EL) has not been used for the radiation-responsive system. An electro-photoluminescence (EPL) color change is presented here. The phosphors in the alternating current electroluminescence (ACEL) act simultaneously as electro-luminophores and photo-luminophores. The EPL chromaticity is systematically investigated depending on the ACEL frequency and UV intensity. It is found that the PL variation depending on UV intensity is the mechanism of the EPL color change. It is revealed that EL and PL can be controlled independently in the low electric field so that the EPL chromaticity can be adjusted by a linear combination of the EL color and the PL color. The EPL color-changing device is used as a deformable visual encryption system and a soft skin for a soft robotic rover, imitating the concealment and signaling functions in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilwoon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsik Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Doowon Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Unyong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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38
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Lamb JY, Davis MP. Salamanders and other amphibians are aglow with biofluorescence. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2821. [PMID: 32108141 PMCID: PMC7046780 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59528-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofluorescence is the absorption of electromagnetic radiation (light) at one wavelength followed by its reemission at a lower energy and longer wavelength by a living organism. Previous studies have documented the widespread presence of biofluorescence in some animals, including cnidarians, arthropods, and cartilaginous and ray-finned fishes. Many studies on biofluorescence have focused on marine animals (cnidarians, cartilaginous and ray-finned fishes) but we know comparatively little about the presence of biofluorescence in tetrapods. We show for the first time that biofluorescence is widespread across Amphibia, with a focus on salamanders (Caudata), which are a diverse group with a primarily Holarctic distribution. We find that biofluorescence is not restricted to any particular family of salamanders, there is striking variation in their fluorescent patterning, and the primary wavelengths emitted in response to blue excitation light are within the spectrum of green light. Widespread biofluorescence across the amphibian radiation is a previously undocumented phenomenon that could have significant ramifications for the ecology and evolution of these diverse and declining vertebrates. Our results provide a roadmap for future studies on the characterization of molecular mechanisms of biofluorescence in amphibians, as well as directions for investigations into the potential impact of biofluorescence on the visual ecology and behavior of biofluorescent amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Y Lamb
- St. Cloud State University, Department of Biology, St. Cloud, Minnesota, 56301, USA.
| | - Matthew P Davis
- St. Cloud State University, Department of Biology, St. Cloud, Minnesota, 56301, USA.
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39
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Disrupting Fluorescence by Mutagenesis in a Green Fluorescent Fatty Acid Binding Protein from a Marine Eel. Protein J 2020; 39:145-151. [PMID: 32096074 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-020-09883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Biofluorescence has been found to be an increasingly widespread phenomenon in the ocean. The reclusive Caribbean chlopsid eel, Kaupichthys hyoproroides displays bright green fluorescence in its native marine environment. We have previously shown the fluorescence to be attributed to a fluorescent fatty acid-binding protein, Chlopsid FP, part of a larger family of fluorescent fatty acid-binding proteins, including the homologous UnaG. All require the addition of exogenous bilirubin for fluorescence. Here, we report the generation of a series of point mutants, and deletions that result in the quenching of fluorescence in Chlopsid FP. In addition, we report the binding constants of bilirubin to Chlopsid FP and mutants, measured by fluorescence titration. This study provides key insights into the potential mechanism of fluorescence in this class of fluorescent fatty acid-binding proteins.
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40
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Green Fluorescence Patterns in Closely Related Symbiotic Species of Zanclea (Hydrozoa, Capitata). DIVERSITY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Green fluorescence is a common phenomenon in marine invertebrates and is caused by green fluorescent proteins. Many hydrozoan species display fluorescence in their polyps and/or medusa stages, and in a few cases patterns of green fluorescence have been demonstrated to differ between closely related species. Hydrozoans are often characterized by the presence of cryptic species, due to the paucity of available morphological diagnostic characters. Zanclea species are not an exception, showing high genetic divergence compared to a uniform morphology. In this work, the presence of green fluorescence and the morpho-molecular diversity of six coral- and bryozoan-associated Zanclea species from the Maldivian coral reefs were investigated. Specifically, the presence of green fluorescence in polyps and newly released medusae was explored, the general morphology, as well as the cnidome and the interaction with the hosts, were characterized, and the 16S rRNA region was sequenced and analyzed. Overall, Zanclea species showed a similar morphology, with little differences in the general morphological features and in the cnidome. Three of the analyzed species did not show any fluorescence in both life stages. Three other Zanclea species, including two coral-associated cryptic species, were distinguished by species-specific fluorescence patterns in the medusae. Altogether, the results confirmed the morphological similarity despite high genetic divergence in Zanclea species and indicated that fluorescence patterns may be a promising tool in further discriminating closely related and cryptic species. Therefore, the assessment of fluorescence at a large scale in the whole Zancleidae family may be useful to shed light on the diversity of this enigmatic taxon.
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41
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Singer RA, Ellis S, Page LM. Awareness and use of biodiversity collections by fish biologists. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 96:297-306. [PMID: 31621077 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A survey of 280 fish biologists from a diverse pool of disciplines was conducted in order to assess the use made of biodiversity collections and how collections can better collect, curate and share the data they have. From the responses, data for how fish biologists use collections, what data they find the most useful, what factors influence the decisions to use collections, how they access the data and explore why some fish biologists make the decision to not use biodiversity collections is collated and reported. The results of which could be used to formulate sustainability plans for collections administrators and staff who curate fish biodiversity collections, while also highlighting the diversity of data and uses to researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randal A Singer
- University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shari Ellis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Lawrence M Page
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim G. Frommen
- Division of Behavioural Ecology Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Hinterkappelen Switzerland
- Department of Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
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43
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Vaccani AC, Freret-Meurer NV, Bertoncini ÁA, Santos LN. Shining in the dark: First record of biofluorescence in the seahorse Hippocampus reidi. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220561. [PMID: 31393893 PMCID: PMC6687096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine environments are visual domains restricted regarding light characteristics. Overall, blue monochromatic spectrum prevails in offshore areas especially below 15m depth, since long wavelengths are quickly attenuated. Light intensity is even more constrained in coastal waters, particularly those of tropical estuaries and bays, because further scattering through dissolved and suspended materials. Biofluorescence, which is the ability of organisms to absorb light and reflect it in a different wavelength, has been reported for many marine fish. In this paper, biofluorescence was recorded for the first time for the longsnout seahorse Hippocampus reidi, under natural conditions at Ilha Grande bay, Brazil, and both adult, juvenile and fry individuals kept in captivity. Although displaying the same colour emissions, seahorses differed in relation to body lighting, colour patterns, and age wherein fluorescence occurs. Newborn seahorses exhibit green biofluorescence only in the eyes and stomach. Further experiments are necessary to address whether H. reidi can change the patterns of biofluorescence emission for sensorial and social purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Vaccani
- Departamento de Ecologia e Recursos Marinhos, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Santa Úrsula, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Áthila A Bertoncini
- Departamento de Ecologia e Recursos Marinhos, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciano N Santos
- Departamento de Ecologia e Recursos Marinhos, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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44
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Bright Green Biofluorescence in Sharks Derives from Bromo-Kynurenine Metabolism. iScience 2019; 19:1291-1336. [PMID: 31402257 PMCID: PMC6831821 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although in recent years there has been an increased awareness of the widespread nature of biofluorescence in the marine environment, the diversity of the molecules responsible for this luminescent phenotype has been mostly limited to green fluorescent proteins (GFPs), GFP-like proteins, and fluorescent fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs). In the present study, we describe a previously undescribed group of brominated tryptophan-kynurenine small molecule metabolites responsible for the green biofluorescence in two species of sharks and provide their structural, antimicrobial, and spectral characterization. Multi-scale fluorescence microscopy studies guided the discovery of metabolites that were differentially produced in fluorescent versus non-fluorescent skin, as well as the species-specific structural details of their unusual light-guiding denticles. Overall, this study provides the detailed description of a family of small molecules responsible for marine biofluorescence and opens new questions related to their roles in central nervous system signaling, resilience to microbial infections, and photoprotection. We describe a new form of biofluorescence from the skin of catsharks Bromo-tryptophan-kynurenines are biofluorescent and show antimicrobial activities Specific dermal denticles in the chain catshark act as optical light-guides This study opens questions related to biological function of shark fluorescence
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45
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Marshall NJ, Cortesi F, de Busserolles F, Siebeck UE, Cheney KL. Colours and colour vision in reef fishes: Past, present and future research directions. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 95:5-38. [PMID: 30357835 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many fishes, both freshwater or marine, have colour vision that may outperform humans. As a result, to understand the behavioural tasks that vision enables; including mate choice, feeding, agonistic behaviour and camouflage, we need to see the world through a fish's eye. This includes quantifying the variable light environment underwater and its various influences on vision. As well as rapid loss of light with depth, light attenuation underwater limits visual interaction to metres at most and in many instances, less than a metre. We also need to characterize visual sensitivities, fish colours and behaviours relative to both these factors. An increasingly large set of techniques over the past few years, including improved photography, submersible spectrophotometers and genetic sequencing, have taken us from intelligent guesswork to something closer to sensible hypotheses. This contribution to the special edition on the Ecology of Fish Senses under a shifting environment first reviews our knowledge of fish colour vision and visual ecology, past, present and very recent, and then goes on to examine how climate change may impinge on fish visual capability. The review is limited to mostly colour vision and to mostly reef fishes. This ignores a large body of work, both from other marine environments and freshwater systems, but the reef contains examples of many of the challenges to vision from the aquatic environment. It is also a concentrate of life, perhaps the most specious and complex on earth, suffering now catastrophically from the consequences of our lack of action on climate change. A clear course of action to prevent destruction of this habitat is the need to spend more time in it, in the study of it and sharing it with those not fortunate enough to see coral reefs first-hand. Sir David Attenborough on The Great Barrier Reef: "Do we really care so little about the Earth upon which we live that we don't wish to protect one of its greatest wonders from the consequences of our behaviours?"
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Affiliation(s)
- N Justin Marshall
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fabio Cortesi
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fanny de Busserolles
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Uli E Siebeck
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Karen L Cheney
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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46
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Goutte S, Mason MJ, Antoniazzi MM, Jared C, Merle D, Cazes L, Toledo LF, El-Hafci H, Pallu S, Portier H, Schramm S, Gueriau P, Thoury M. Intense bone fluorescence reveals hidden patterns in pumpkin toadlets. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5388. [PMID: 30926879 PMCID: PMC6441030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41959-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of fluorescence can be used by animals to change effective colouration or patterning, potentially to serve functions including intra- and interspecific signalling. Initially believed to be restricted to marine animals, fluorescent colours are now being described in an increasing number of terrestrial species. Here, we describe unique, highly fluorescent patterns in two species of pumpkin toadlets (Brachycephalus ephippium and B. pitanga). We establish that the origin of the fluorescence lies in the dermal bone of the head and back, visible through a particularly thin skin. By comparing them to those of the closely related species Ischnocnema parva, we demonstrate that pumpkin toadlets' bones are exceptionally fluorescent. We characterize the luminescence properties of the toadlets' bones and discuss the potential function of fluorescent patterns in natural lighting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Goutte
- Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros (LaHNAB), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil. .,New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Matthew J Mason
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
| | - Marta M Antoniazzi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Jared
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Didier Merle
- Sorbonne Universités, CR2P (CNRS, MNHN, UPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. CP38, 8, rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Lilian Cazes
- Sorbonne Universités, CR2P (CNRS, MNHN, UPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. CP38, 8, rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Luís Felipe Toledo
- Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros (LaHNAB), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Hanane El-Hafci
- B2OA UMR 7052, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France.,B2OA UMR 7052, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, F- 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.,COST, Université d'Orléans, 45100, Orléans, France
| | - Stéphane Pallu
- B2OA UMR 7052, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France.,B2OA UMR 7052, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, F- 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.,COST, Université d'Orléans, 45100, Orléans, France
| | - Hugues Portier
- B2OA UMR 7052, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France.,B2OA UMR 7052, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, F- 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.,COST, Université d'Orléans, 45100, Orléans, France
| | - Stefan Schramm
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Pierre Gueriau
- IPANEMA, CNRS, ministère de la Culture; UVSQ, USR 3461, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Géopolis, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Thoury
- IPANEMA, CNRS, ministère de la Culture; UVSQ, USR 3461, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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47
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Non-traditional intrinsic luminescence: inexplicable blue fluorescence observed for dendrimers, macromolecules and small molecular structures lacking traditional/conventional luminophores. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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48
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Kohler AM, Olson ER, Martin JG, Anich PS. Ultraviolet fluorescence discovered in New World flying squirrels (Glaucomys). J Mammal 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyy177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Kohler
- Department of Natural Resources, Northland College, Ashland, WI, USA
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Erik R Olson
- Department of Natural Resources, Northland College, Ashland, WI, USA
| | - Jonathan G Martin
- Department of Natural Resources, Northland College, Ashland, WI, USA
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49
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Smith WL, Buck CA, Ornay GS, Davis MP, Martin RP, Gibson SZ, Girard MG. Improving Vertebrate Skeleton Images: Fluorescence and the Non-Permanent Mounting of Cleared-and-Stained Specimens. COPEIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1643/cg-18-047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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50
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Deschepper P, Jonckheere B, Matthys J. A Light in the Dark: The Discovery of Another Fluorescent Frog in the Costa Rican Rainforests. Wilderness Environ Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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