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Foulquier A, Datry T, Corti R, von Schiller D, Tockner K, Stubbington R, Gessner MO, Boyer F, Ohlmann M, Thuiller W, Rioux D, Miquel C, Albariño R, Allen DC, Altermatt F, Arce MI, Arnon S, Banas D, Banegas-Medina A, Beller E, Blanchette ML, Blessing J, Boëchat IG, Boersma K, Bogan M, Bonada N, Bond N, Brintrup K, Bruder A, Burrows R, Cancellario T, Canhoto C, Carlson S, Cid N, Cornut J, Danger M, de Freitas Terra B, De Girolamo AM, Del Campo R, Díaz Villanueva V, Dyer F, Elosegi A, Febria C, Figueroa Jara R, Four B, Gafny S, Gómez R, Gómez-Gener L, Guareschi S, Gücker B, Hwan J, Jones JI, Kubheka PS, Laini A, Langhans SD, Launay B, Le Goff G, Leigh C, Little C, Lorenz S, Marshall J, Martin Sanz EJ, McIntosh A, Mendoza-Lera C, Meyer EI, Miliša M, Mlambo MC, Morais M, Moya N, Negus P, Niyogi D, Pagán I, Papatheodoulou A, Pappagallo G, Pardo I, Pařil P, Pauls SU, Polášek M, Rodríguez-Lozano P, Rolls RJ, Sánchez-Montoya MM, Savić A, Shumilova O, Sridhar KR, Steward A, Taleb A, Uzan A, Valladares Y, Vander Vorste R, Waltham NJ, Zak DH, Zoppini A. Unravelling large-scale patterns and drivers of biodiversity in dry rivers. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7233. [PMID: 39174521 PMCID: PMC11341732 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50873-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
More than half of the world's rivers dry up periodically, but our understanding of the biological communities in dry riverbeds remains limited. Specifically, the roles of dispersal, environmental filtering and biotic interactions in driving biodiversity in dry rivers are poorly understood. Here, we conduct a large-scale coordinated survey of patterns and drivers of biodiversity in dry riverbeds. We focus on eight major taxa, including microorganisms, invertebrates and plants: Algae, Archaea, Bacteria, Fungi, Protozoa, Arthropods, Nematodes and Streptophyta. We use environmental DNA metabarcoding to assess biodiversity in dry sediments collected over a 1-year period from 84 non-perennial rivers across 19 countries on four continents. Both direct factors, such as nutrient and carbon availability, and indirect factors such as climate influence the local biodiversity of most taxa. Limited resource availability and prolonged dry phases favor oligotrophic microbial taxa. Co-variation among taxa, particularly Bacteria, Fungi, Algae and Protozoa, explain more spatial variation in community composition than dispersal or environmental gradients. This finding suggests that biotic interactions or unmeasured ecological and evolutionary factors may strongly influence communities during dry phases, altering biodiversity responses to global changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Foulquier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France.
| | - Thibault Datry
- INRAE, UR RiverLY, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Roland Corti
- INRAE, UR RiverLY, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Daniel von Schiller
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Klement Tockner
- Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Department of BioSciences, Frankfurt aM, Germany
- Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt aM, Germany
| | - Rachel Stubbington
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mark O Gessner
- Berlin Institute of Technology (TU Berlin), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Zur alten Fischerhütte 2, Stechlin, Germany
| | - Frédéric Boyer
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Marc Ohlmann
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Delphine Rioux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Christian Miquel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Daniel C Allen
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University Park, USA
| | - Florian Altermatt
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Isabel Arce
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Zur alten Fischerhütte 2, Stechlin, Germany
- University of Murcia, Department of Ecology and Hydrology, Murcia, Spain
| | - Shai Arnon
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Negev, Israel
| | - Damien Banas
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, URAFPA, Nancy, France
| | - Andy Banegas-Medina
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras-Tecnológico Danli, Laboratory of Biology, Department of Sciences, Carretera Panamericana, frente Hospital Regional, El Paraíso, Danlí, Honduras
| | - Erin Beller
- Real Estate and Workplace Services Sustainability Team, Google, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Melanie L Blanchette
- Mine Water and Environment Research Centre (MiWER), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Joanna Blessing
- Queensland Government, Department of Environment, Science and Innovation, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Iola Gonçalves Boëchat
- Department of Geosciences, Campus Tancredo Neves, Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Kate Boersma
- University of San Diego, Department of Biology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael Bogan
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Núria Bonada
- FEHM-Lab (Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Avda Diagonal 643, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nick Bond
- Centre for Freshwater Ecosystems, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Wodonga, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine Brintrup
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - Andreas Bruder
- SUPSI, Institute of Microbiology, Mendrisio, Switzerland
| | - Ryan Burrows
- The School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Burnley Campus, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tommaso Cancellario
- Balearic Biodiversity Centre, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Cristina Canhoto
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Núria Cid
- FEHM-Lab (Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Avda Diagonal 643, Barcelona, Spain
- IRTA Marine and Continental Waters Programme, La Ràpita, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Julien Cornut
- Université de Lorraine, LIEC UMR CNRS 7360, Metz, France
| | - Michael Danger
- Université de Lorraine, LIEC UMR CNRS 7360, Metz, France
| | - Bianca de Freitas Terra
- Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Campus Betânia, Brazil
| | - Anna Maria De Girolamo
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Area della Ricerca RM1, via Salaria km 29.300, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Rubén Del Campo
- University of Innsbruck, Department of Ecology, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Fiona Dyer
- University of Canberra, Centre for Applied Water Science, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Arturo Elosegi
- University of the Basque Country (UPV, EHU), Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Catherine Febria
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research and Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Ricardo Figueroa Jara
- Universidad de Concepción, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro EULA, Barrio Universitario, Centro EULA, Concepción, Chile
| | - Brian Four
- Université de Corse, UAR 3514 CNRS Stella Mare, Biguglia, France
| | - Sarig Gafny
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Michmoret, Israel
| | - Rosa Gómez
- University of Murcia, Department of Ecology and Hydrology, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lluís Gómez-Gener
- Centre for Research on Ecology and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Campus de Bellaterra (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simone Guareschi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Björn Gücker
- Department of Geosciences, Campus Tancredo Neves, Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Jason Hwan
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Ontario, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Alex Laini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Bertrand Launay
- INRAE, UR RiverLY, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Le Goff
- INRAE, UR RiverLY, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Catherine Leigh
- Biosciences and Food Technology Discipline, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Chelsea Little
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Stefan Lorenz
- Julius-Kühn-Institute, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Königin-Luise-Straße 19, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Marshall
- Queensland Government, Department of Environment, Science and Innovation, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Eduardo J Martin Sanz
- Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Angus McIntosh
- University of Canterbury, School of Biological Sciences, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Clara Mendoza-Lera
- iES, RPTU,University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Forstrstr. 7, Landau, Germany
| | - Elisabeth I Meyer
- University of Münster, Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Münster, Germany
| | - Marko Miliša
- Division of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Musa C Mlambo
- Department of Freshwater Invertebrates, Albany Museum, Makhanda (Grahamstown), Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Manuela Morais
- Water Laboratory, University of Évora, P.I.T.E, Rua da Barba Rala No. 1, 7005-345, Évora, Portugal
| | - Nabor Moya
- Instituto Experimental de Biología, Universidad San Francisco Xavier, Calle Dalence N° 235, Sucre, Bolivia
| | - Peter Negus
- Queensland Government, Department of Environment, Science and Innovation, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dev Niyogi
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Iluminada Pagán
- Asociación Meles, Plaza de las Américas, 13, 2B, Alhama de Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Giuseppe Pappagallo
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Area della Ricerca RM1, via Salaria km 29.300, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabel Pardo
- Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Petr Pařil
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Zoology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Steffen U Pauls
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marek Polášek
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Zoology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Robert J Rolls
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Mar Sánchez-Montoya
- Complutense University of Madrid, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Savić
- University of Niš, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Department of Biology and Ecology, Niš, Serbia
| | - Oleksandra Shumilova
- Department of Evolutionary and Integrative Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kandikere R Sridhar
- Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Alisha Steward
- Queensland Government, Department of Environment, Science and Innovation, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Avi Uzan
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yefrin Valladares
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Biología, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Boulevard Suyapa, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Ross Vander Vorste
- University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, Biology Department, La Crosse, WI, USA
| | - Nathan J Waltham
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University, Bebegu Yumba Campus, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Dominik H Zak
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Annamaria Zoppini
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Area della Ricerca RM1, via Salaria km 29.300, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
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Atika M, Leila B, Pereira SIA, Castro PML, Ali B. Enhancing Native Plant Establishment in Mine Tailings under Drought Stress Conditions through the Application of Organo-Mineral Amendments and Microbial Inoculants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:863. [PMID: 38592869 PMCID: PMC10975093 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The implementation of phytoremediation strategies under arid and semiarid climates requires the use of appropriate plant species capable of withstanding multiple abiotic stresses. In this study, we assessed the combined effects of organo-mineral amendments and microbial inoculants on the chemical and biological properties of mine tailings, as well as on the growth of native plant species under drought stress conditions. Plants were cultivated in pots containing 1 kg of a mixture of mine tailings and topsoil (i.e., pre-mined superficial soil) in a 60:40 ratio, 6% marble sludge, and 10% sheep manure. Moreover, a consortium of four drought-resistant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) was inoculated. Three irrigation levels were applied: well-watered, moderate water deficit, and severe water deficit, corresponding to 80%, 45%, and 30% of field capacity, respectively. The addition of topsoil and organo-mineral amendments to mine tailings significantly improved their chemical and biological properties, which were further enhanced by bacterial inoculation and plants' establishment. Water stress negatively impacted enzymatic activities in amended tailings, resulting in a significant decrease in acid and alkaline phosphatases, urease, and dehydrogenase activities. Similar results were obtained for bacteria, fungi, and actinomycete abundance. PGPR inoculation positively influenced the availability of phosphorus, total nitrogen, and organic carbon, while it increased alkaline phosphatase, urease (by about 10%), and dehydrogenase activity (by 50%). The rhizosphere of Peganum harmala showed the highest enzymatic activity and number of culturable microorganisms, especially in inoculated treatments. Severe water deficit negatively affected plant growth, leading to a 40% reduction in the shoot biomass of both Atriplex halimus and Pennisetum setaceum compared to well-watered plants. P. harmala showed greater tolerance to water stress, evidenced by lower decreases observed in root and shoot length and dry weight compared to well-watered plants. The use of bioinoculants mitigated the negative effects of drought on P. harmala shoot biomass, resulting in an increase of up to 75% in the aerial biomass in plants exposed to severe water deficit. In conclusion, the results suggest that the combination of organo-mineral amendments, PGPR inoculation, and P. harmala represents a promising approach to enhance the phytoremediation of metal-polluted soils under semiarid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madline Atika
- Laboratoire Bioressources et Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cadi Ayyad, BP 549, Guéliz, Marrakech 40000, Morocco;
| | - Benidire Leila
- Laboratoire Bioressources et Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cadi Ayyad, BP 549, Guéliz, Marrakech 40000, Morocco;
- Ecole Supérieure de Technologie El Kelâa des Sraghna, Université Cadi Ayyad, Route de Béni Mellal Km 8 B.P 104, El Kelaa des Sraghna 43000, Morocco
| | - Sofia I. A. Pereira
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (S.I.A.P.); (P.M.L.C.)
| | - Paula M. L. Castro
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (S.I.A.P.); (P.M.L.C.)
| | - Boularbah Ali
- Laboratoire Bioressources et Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cadi Ayyad, BP 549, Guéliz, Marrakech 40000, Morocco;
- Center of Excellence for Soil and Africa Research in Africa, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique (UM6P), Benguerir 43150, Morocco
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Rožman M, Lekunberri I, Grgić I, Borrego CM, Petrović M. Effects of combining flow intermittency and exposure to emerging contaminants on the composition and metabolic response of streambed biofilm bacterial communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162818. [PMID: 36914121 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are characterised by the co-occurrence of stressors that simultaneously affect the biota. Among these, flow intermittency and chemical pollution severely impair the diversity and functioning of streambed bacterial communities. Using an artificial streams mesocosm facility, this study examined how desiccation and pollution caused by emerging contaminants affect the composition of stream biofilm bacterial communities, their metabolic profiles, and interactions with their environment. Through an integrative analysis of the composition of biofilm communities, characterization of their metabolome and composition of the dissolved organic matter, we found strong genotype-to-phenotype interconnections. The strongest correlation was found between the composition and metabolism of the bacterial community, both of which were influenced by incubation time and desiccation. Unexpectedly, no effect of the emerging contaminants was observed, which was due to the low concentration of the emerging contaminants and the dominant impact of desiccation. However, biofilm bacterial communities modified the chemical composition of their environment under the effect of pollution. Considering the tentatively identified classes of metabolites, we hypothesised that the biofilm response to desiccation was mainly intracellular while the response to chemical pollution was extracellular. The present study demonstrates that metabolite and dissolved organic matter profiling may be effectively integrated with compositional analysis of stream biofilm communities to yield a more complete picture of changes in response to stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Rožman
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Itziar Lekunberri
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Ivana Grgić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Carles M Borrego
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Group of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, E-17001 Girona, Spain
| | - Mira Petrović
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Sabater S, Freixa A, Jiménez L, López-Doval J, Pace G, Pascoal C, Perujo N, Craven D, González-Trujillo JD. Extreme weather events threaten biodiversity and functions of river ecosystems: evidence from a meta-analysis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:450-461. [PMID: 36307907 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Both gradual and extreme weather changes trigger complex ecological responses in river ecosystems. It is still unclear to what extent trend or event effects alter biodiversity and functioning in river ecosystems, adding considerable uncertainty to predictions of their future dynamics. Using a comprehensive database of 71 published studies, we show that event - but not trend - effects associated with extreme changes in water flow and temperature substantially reduce species richness. Furthermore, event effects - particularly those affecting hydrological dynamics - on biodiversity and primary productivity were twice as high as impacts due to gradual changes. The synthesis of the available evidence reveals that event effects induce regime shifts in river ecosystems, particularly affecting organisms such as invertebrates. Among extreme weather events, dryness associated with flow interruption caused the largest effects on biota and ecosystem functions in rivers. Effects on ecosystem functions (primary production, organic matter decomposition and respiration) were asymmetric, with only primary production exhibiting a negative response to extreme weather events. Our meta-analysis highlights the disproportionate impact of event effects on river biodiversity and ecosystem functions, with implications for the long-term conservation and management of river ecosystems. However, few studies were available from tropical areas, and our conclusions therefore remain largely limited to temperate river systems. Further efforts need to be directed to assemble evidence of extreme events on river biodiversity and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Sabater
- Catalan Institute of Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Freixa
- Catalan Institute of Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Laura Jiménez
- Catalan Institute of Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
- University of Girona, Plaça de Sant Domènec 3, 17004, Girona, Spain
| | - Julio López-Doval
- Catalan Institute of Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
- University of Girona, Plaça de Sant Domènec 3, 17004, Girona, Spain
| | - Giorgio Pace
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Pascoal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Núria Perujo
- Catalan Institute of Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
- University of Girona, Plaça de Sant Domènec 3, 17004, Girona, Spain
| | - Dylan Craven
- Centro de Modelación y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
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Xie S, Wang W, Li N, Wen C, Zhu S, Luo X. Effect of Drying-Rewetting cycles on the metal adsorption and tolerance of natural biofilms. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 327:116922. [PMID: 36462490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Drying-rewetting (D-RW) cycles can induce changes in biofilms by forcing the microbial community to tolerate and adapt to environmental pressure. Existing studies have mostly focused on the impact of D-RW cycles on the microbial community structure, and little attention has been paid to how D-RW cycles may change the biofilm tolerance and adsorption of heavy metals. We experimentally evaluated the effect of repeated D-RW cycles on the Cd2+ and Pb2+ adsorption and tolerance of biofilms. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of the biofilm decreased as the number of D-RW cycles was increased, which was attributed to a change in affinity between the biofilm and metal ions. For a binary metal system, the D-RW cycles affected the competitive adsorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ by the biofilm. A synergistic effect was observed with one and three D-RW cycles, while an antagonistic effect was observed for the control film and five D-RW cycles. The tolerance of the biofilm to Cd2+ and Pb2+ increased with the number of D-RW cycles. The stress from the D-RW cycles may have increased the relative abundance of drought-tolerant bacteria, which altered the biofilm functions and thus indirectly affected the heavy metal adsorption capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Xie
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Nihong Li
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chen Wen
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shijun Zhu
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xia Luo
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Kunming 650500, China.
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Coulson LE, Feldbacher E, Pitzl B, Weigelhofer G. Effects of intermittent flow on biofilms are driven by stream characteristics rather than history of intermittency. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157809. [PMID: 35934041 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intermittent streams are found all over the world, however most studies focus on intermittency in hot, arid climates. As flow intermittency is expected to increase with climate change, it is important to understand how stream biofilms in temperate regions respond to these changing conditions. In this study, 20 different streams from around Austria were sampled under flowing and non-flowing conditions to evaluate the effect of intermittency on temperate stream biofilms. These streams encompassed two distinct stream types: fine-grained with high agricultural land use and coarse sediments from relatively pristine areas. Half of these streams were historically intermittent and half historically perennial. Samples were taken from all streams during the spring and fall, when the intermittent streams were flowing and dry, respectively. Subsets of the sediments were subjected to controlled drying to evaluate the effects of history of intermittency on the biofilms. Samples were analyzed for respiration, extracellular enzyme activities, and extracellular polysaccharides in the wet and dry sediments from the field, as well as the lab-dried sediments. This study found that lab-dried perennial sediments showed similar responses to the intermittent sediments, indicating that history of intermittency does not affect biofilm response to drought. This study also found that the effects of grain size, seasonal growth, and nutrient levels have a larger impact on the biofilms than moisture content and history of intermittency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Coulson
- Wassercluster Lunz - Biologische Station GmbH, Lunz am See, Austria; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Eva Feldbacher
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Vienna, Austria; Wassercluster Lunz - Biologische Station GmbH, Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Beate Pitzl
- Wassercluster Lunz - Biologische Station GmbH, Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Gabriele Weigelhofer
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Vienna, Austria; Wassercluster Lunz - Biologische Station GmbH, Lunz am See, Austria
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7
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Viza A, Muñoz I, Oliva F, Menéndez M. Contrary effects of flow intermittence and land uses on organic matter decomposition in a Mediterranean river basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:151424. [PMID: 34742957 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flow interruption in intermittent rivers (IRs) generates a mosaic of terrestrial and aquatic habitats across the river network affecting ecosystem processes, as organic matter (OM) decomposition. Water use for farming in arid and semi-arid climates intensifies the dry conditions and affects local river characteristics. In that way, flow intermittence and the distribution of land uses may affect the OM processing along the river. To understand the role of IRs in global OM dynamics and how global change affecting water flow regimes determines these dynamics, it is important to estimate OM-processing rates at a basin scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the intensity of flow intermittence on OM processing, and how this effect was modulated by local environmental factors related to land uses across a Mediterranean river basin. To do this, wood decomposition (mass loss and fungal biomass) was selected as a functional indicator. Drying duration and frequency were measured to characterize flow intermittence in different reaches along the river, as well as local environmental factors. Linear models stablished the role of factors on decomposition. The results showed that differences in decomposition rates across the river network were negatively related to the duration of flow interruption. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen associated with agriculture counteracted the negative effect of intermittence on mass loss (increasing by up to three times); but with a higher duration of dry conditions, its effect was insignificant. An increase of 20% of canopy (higher in natural areas) resulted in increases of up to 5% of mass loss. Overall, our study is relevant to understanding the interaction between flow intermittence and land uses on OM processing, especially considering the intensification of flow intermittence and its increased distribution to other regions, which is expected to be a consequence of climate warming and human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Viza
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - I Muñoz
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; IdRA, The Water Research Institute, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - F Oliva
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Menéndez
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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8
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Schreckinger J, Mutz M, Mendoza-Lera C, Frossard A. Attributes of Drying Define the Structure and Functioning of Microbial Communities in Temperate Riverbed Sediment. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:676615. [PMID: 34194411 PMCID: PMC8236957 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.676615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Combined effects of climate change and increasing anthropogenic water demand have increased and extended dry period occurrences in rivers worldwide. Riverbed drying can significantly affect sediment microorganisms, crucial drivers of biogeochemical processes in lotic systems. In this study, we evaluated how sediment bacterial and fungal community structure and composition (based on 16S rRNA gene and ITS metabarcoding) and microbial functions (community respiration and extracellular enzymatic activities) respond to different riverbed drying intensities over 90 days. Riverbed sediment collected in a flowing reach of the Spree river in northeastern Germany was dried under different rates in outdoor mesocosms during the summer months of 2018. Our results demonstrate that drying attributes (duration and intensity) and sediment organic matter (OM) content play a crucial role in sediment microbial community assembly and functioning throughout drying. Milder drying surprisingly triggered a more rapid and drastic change in the microbial community composition and diversity. After 90 days of drying, Bacilli (Firmicutes) became the dominant bacterial class in most treatments, except in sediments with low OM content under the most severe drying treatment. Fungal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) from Dothideomycetes (Ascomycota) had by far the highest relative abundance in all our treatments at the end of the drying experiment, making up 65.1% to 94.0% of the fungal reads. CO2 fluxes, a proxy for sediment community respiration, were rapidly and strongly affected by drying in all treatments. Our results imply that even short riverbed drying periods are likely to have significant consequences for the biogeochemical dynamics in recently formed non-perennial temperate rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Schreckinger
- Department of Freshwater Conservation, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Michael Mutz
- Department of Freshwater Conservation, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Clara Mendoza-Lera
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Koblenz-Landau University, Landau, Germany
| | - Aline Frossard
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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9
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Pinto R, Weigelhofer G, Brito AG, Hein T. Effects of dry-wet cycles on nitrous oxide emissions in freshwater sediments: a synthesis. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10767. [PMID: 33614277 PMCID: PMC7883693 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sediments frequently exposed to dry-wet cycles are potential biogeochemical hotspots for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during dry, wet and transitional phases. While the effects of drying and rewetting on carbon fluxes have been studied extensively in terrestrial and aquatic systems, less is known about the effects of dry-wet cycles on N2O emissions from aquatic systems. As a notable part of lotic systems are temporary, and small lentic systems can substantially contribute to GHG emissions, dry-wet cycles in these ecosystems can play a major role on N2O emissions. Methodology This study compiles literature focusing on the effects of drying, rewetting, flooding, and water level fluctuations on N2O emissions and related biogeochemical processes in sediments of lentic and lotic ecosystems. Results N2O pulses were observed following sediment drying and rewetting events. Moreover, exposed sediments during dry phases can be active spots for N2O emissions. The general mechanisms behind N2O emissions during dry-wet cycles are comparable to those of soils and are mainly related to physical mechanisms and enhanced microbial processing in lotic and lentic systems. Physical processes driving N2O emissions are mainly regulated by water fluctuations in the sediment. The period of enhanced microbial activity is driven by increased nutrient availability. Higher processing rates and N2O fluxes have been mainly observed when nitrification and denitrification are coupled, under conditions largely determined by O2 availability. Conclusions The studies evidence the driving role of dry-wet cycles leading to temporarily high N2O emissions in sediments from a wide array of aquatic habitats. Peak fluxes appear to be of short duration, however, their relevance for global emission estimates as well as N2O emissions from dry inland waters has not been quantified. Future research should address the temporal development during drying-rewetting phases in more detail, capturing rapid flux changes at early stages, and further explore the functional impacts of the frequency and intensity of dry-wet cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Pinto
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Lisbon, Portugal.,University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Vienna, Austria.,WasserCluster Lunz GmbH -Inter-university Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Gabriele Weigelhofer
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Vienna, Austria.,WasserCluster Lunz GmbH -Inter-university Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Lunz am See, Austria
| | - António Guerreiro Brito
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Thomas Hein
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Vienna, Austria.,WasserCluster Lunz GmbH -Inter-university Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Lunz am See, Austria
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10
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Wahdan SFM, Heintz-Buschart A, Sansupa C, Tanunchai B, Wu YT, Schädler M, Noll M, Purahong W, Buscot F. Targeting the Active Rhizosphere Microbiome of Trifolium pratense in Grassland Evidences a Stronger-Than-Expected Belowground Biodiversity-Ecosystem Functioning Link. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:629169. [PMID: 33597941 PMCID: PMC7882529 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.629169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) is a central issue in soil and microbial ecology. To date, most belowground BEF studies focus on the diversity of microbes analyzed by barcoding on total DNA, which targets both active and inactive microbes. This approach creates a bias as it mixes the part of the microbiome currently steering processes that provide actual ecosystem functions with the part not directly involved. Using experimental extensive grasslands under current and future climate, we used the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunocapture technique combined with pair-end Illumina sequencing to characterize both total and active microbiomes (including both bacteria and fungi) in the rhizosphere of Trifolium pratense. Rhizosphere function was assessed by measuring the activity of three microbial extracellular enzymes (β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, and acid phosphatase), which play central roles in the C, N, and P acquisition. We showed that the richness of overall and specific functional groups of active microbes in rhizosphere soil significantly correlated with the measured enzyme activities, while total microbial richness did not. Active microbes of the rhizosphere represented 42.8 and 32.1% of the total bacterial and fungal taxa, respectively, and were taxonomically and functionally diverse. Nitrogen fixing bacteria were highly active in this system with 71% of the total operational taxonomic units (OTUs) assigned to this group detected as active. We found the total and active microbiomes to display different responses to variations in soil physicochemical factors in the grassland, but with some degree of resistance to a manipulation mimicking future climate. Our findings provide critical insights into the role of active microbes in defining soil ecosystem functions in a grassland ecosystem. We demonstrate that the relationship between biodiversity-ecosystem functioning in soil may be stronger than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fareed Mohamed Wahdan
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Department of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Anna Heintz-Buschart
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chakriya Sansupa
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Benjawan Tanunchai
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Yu-Ting Wu
- Department of Forestry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Martin Schädler
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Noll
- Institute for Bioanalysis, Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Coburg, Germany
| | - Witoon Purahong
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - François Buscot
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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11
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Multiple Stressors Determine Community Structure and Estimated Function of River Biofilm Bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.00291-20. [PMID: 32245764 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00291-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are exposed to multiple stressors, but their individual and combined effects remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the response of stream biofilm bacterial communities to warming, hydrological stress, and pesticide exposure. We used 24 artificial streams on which epilithic (growing on coarse sediments) and epipsammic (growing on fine sediments) stream biofilms were maintained. Bacterial community composition and estimated function of biofilms exposed during 30 days to individual and combined stressors were assessed using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding. Among the individual effects by stressors, hydrological stress (i.e., a simulated low-flow situation) was the most relevant, since it significantly altered 57% of the most abundant bacterial taxa (n = 28), followed by warming (21%) and pesticide exposure (11%). Regarding the combined effects, 16% of all stressor combinations resulted in significant interactions on bacterial community composition and estimated function. Antagonistic responses prevailed (57 to 89% of all significant interactions), followed by synergisms (11 to 43%), on specific bacterial taxa, indicating that multiple-stressor scenarios could lead to unexpected shifts in the community composition and associated functions of riverine bacterial communities.IMPORTANCE Freshwater ecosystems such as rivers are of crucial importance for human well-being. However, human activities result in many stressors (e.g., toxic chemicals, increased water temperatures, and hydrological alterations) cooccurring in rivers and streams worldwide. Among the many organisms inhabiting rivers and streams, bacteria are ecologically crucial; they are placed at the base of virtually all food webs and they recycle the organic matter needed for bigger organisms. Most of these bacteria are in close contact with river substratum, where they form the biofilms. There is an urgent need to evaluate the effects of these stressors on river biofilms, so we can anticipate future environmental problems. In this study, we experimentally exposed river biofilms to a pesticide mixture, an increase in water temperature and a simulated low-flow condition, in order to evaluate the individual and joint effects of these stressors on the bacterial community composition and estimated function.
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12
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Arias-Real R, Muñoz I, Gutierrez-Cánovas C, Granados V, Lopez-Laseras P, Menéndez M. Subsurface zones in intermittent streams are hotspots of microbial decomposition during the non-flow period. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 703:135485. [PMID: 31761375 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The microbial decomposition of organic matter is a fundamental ecosystem process that transforms organic matter and fuels detritus-based food webs, influencing biogeochemical cycles such as C-cycling. The efficiency of this process can be compromised during the non-flow periods of intermittent and ephemeral streams (IRES). When water flow ceases, sediments represent the last wet habitat available to microorganisms and may play an important role in sustaining microbial decomposition. However, despite the increasing prevalence of IRES due to climate change and water abstraction, it is unclear to what degree the subsurface habitat can sustain microbial decomposition during non-flow periods. In order to gather information, we selected 20 streams across Catalonia (Spain) along a gradient of flow intermittency, where we measured microbial decomposition and fungal biomass by placing wood sticks in both the surface and subsurface zones (15 cm below the streambed) over the course of one hydrological year. Our results showed that microbial decomposition and fungal biomass were consistently greater in the subsurface zone than in the surface zone, when intermittency increased. Although flow intermittency was the main driver of both microbial decomposition and fungal biomass, phosphorus availability in the water, sediment C:N ratio and sediment grain size also played relevant roles in surface and subsurface organic matter processing. Thus, our findings demonstrate that although the OM processing in both zones decreases with increased intermittency, the subsurface zone made an important contribution during the non-flow periods in IRES. Therefore, subsurface activity during non-flow periods has the potential to affect and maintain ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Arias-Real
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain..
| | - Isabel Muñoz
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cayetano Gutierrez-Cánovas
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Verónica Granados
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Lopez-Laseras
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarita Menéndez
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Distinct responses from bacterial, archaeal and fungal streambed communities to severe hydrological disturbances. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13506. [PMID: 31534180 PMCID: PMC6751160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Stream microbes that occur in the Mediterranean Basin have been shown to possess heightened sensitivity to intensified water stress attributed to climate change. Here, we investigate the effects of long-term drought (150 days), storms and rewetting (7 days) on the diversity and composition of archaea, bacteria and fungi inhabiting intermittent streambed sediment (surface and hyporheic) and buried leaves. Hydrological alterations modified the archaeal community composition more than the bacterial community composition, whereas fungi were the least affected. Throughout the experiment, archaeal communities colonizing sediments showed greater phylogenetic distances compared to those of bacteria and fungi, suggesting considerable adaptation to severe hydrological disturbances. The increase in the class abundances, such as those of Thermoplasmata within archaea and of Actinobacteria and Bacilli within bacteria, revealed signs of transitioning to a drought-favoured and soil-like community composition. Strikingly, we found that in comparison to the drying phase, water return (as sporadic storms and rewetting) led to larger shifts in the surface microbial community composition and diversity. In addition, microhabitat characteristics, such as the greater capacity of the hyporheic zone to maintain/conserve moisture, tended to modulate the ability of certain microbes (e.g., bacteria) to cope with severe hydrological disturbances.
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14
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Addy K, Gold AJ, Welsh MK, August PV, Stolt MH, Arango CP, Groffman PM. Connectivity and Nitrate Uptake Potential of Intermittent Streams in the Northeast USA. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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15
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Understanding the impacts of intermittent supply on the drinking water microbiome. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 57:167-174. [PMID: 31100615 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing access to piped water in low-income and middle-income countries combined with the many factors that threaten our drinking water supply infrastructure mean that intermittent water supply (IWS) will remain a common practice around the world. Common features of IWS include water stagnation, pipe drainage, intrusion, backflow, first flush events, and household storage. IWS has been shown to cause degradation as measured by traditional microbial water quality indicators. In this review, we build on new insights into the microbial ecology of continuous water supply systems revealed by sequencing methods to speculate about how intermittent supply conditions may further influence the drinking water microbiome, and identify priorities for future research.
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16
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Barba C, Folch A, Sanchez-Vila X, Martínez-Alonso M, Gaju N. Are dominant microbial sub-surface communities affected by water quality and soil characteristics? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 237:332-343. [PMID: 30818236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Subsurface microorganisms must deal with quite extreme environmental conditions. The lack of light, oxygen, and potentially nutrients are the main environmental stresses faced by subsurface microbial communities. Likewise, environmental disruptions providing an unbalanced positive input of nutrients force microorganisms to adapt to varying conditions, visible in the changes in microbial community diversity. In order to test microbial community adaptation to environmental changes, we performed a study in a surface Managed Aquifer Recharge facility, consisting of a settlement basin (two-day residence time) and an infiltration pond. Data on groundwater hydrochemistry, soil texture, and microbial characterization was compiled from surface water, groundwater, and soil samples at two distinct recharge operation conditions. Multivariate statistics by means of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was the technique used to map the relevant dimensionality reduced combinations of input variables that properly describe the system behavior. The methodology selected allows including variables of different nature and displaying very different range values. Strong differences in the microbial assemblage under recharge conditions were found, coupled to hydrochemistry and grain-size distribution variables. Also, some microbial groups displayed correlations with either carbon or nitrogen cycles, especially showing abundant populations of denitrifying bacteria in groundwater. A significant correlation was found between Methylotenera mobilis and the concentrations of NO3 and SO4, and also between Vogesella indigofera and the presence of DOC in the infiltrating water. Also, microbial communities present at the bottom of the pond correlated with representative descriptors of soil grain size distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carme Barba
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), C/Jordi Girona 1-3, 08034, Barcelona, Spain; Associated Unit: Hydrogeology Group (UPC-CSIC), Spain.
| | - Albert Folch
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), C/Jordi Girona 1-3, 08034, Barcelona, Spain; Associated Unit: Hydrogeology Group (UPC-CSIC), Spain.
| | - Xavier Sanchez-Vila
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), C/Jordi Girona 1-3, 08034, Barcelona, Spain; Associated Unit: Hydrogeology Group (UPC-CSIC), Spain.
| | - Maira Martínez-Alonso
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Núria Gaju
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
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17
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Oprei A, Zlatanović S, Mutz M. Grazers superimpose humidity effect on stream biofilm resistance and resilience to dry-rewet stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 659:841-850. [PMID: 31096414 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Temperate low order streams increasingly experience intermittency and drying due to climate change. In comparison to well-studied Mediterranean streams, drying events in canopied temperate streams occur under higher ambient humidity which probably affects the metabolic response to drying. Previous work on drying sediments (in temperate streams) did not consider the interactions of trophic levels. We hypothesized that preservation of sediment moisture due to high humidity increases resistance to drying in temperate streambed biofilms and fast resilience of biofilm activity after flow resumption. We also expected the presence of macroinvertebrate grazers to modulate the biofilm response to dry-rewet stress. Following a two-level factorial design in 24 microcosms, we tested the effect of drying intensity (moderate and intense) and grazer presence and absence (P. antipodarum) on the activity of biofilm colonizing shallow hyporheic sediment. We measured the community respiration over a drying period of 27 days, a single rewetting event and a follow-up of three days. Grazer presence stimulated biofilm community respiration (CRmic) in the permanently wet control, but decreased biofilm resistance to desiccation (<0.2% of pre-disturbed activity), regardless of drying intensity. In the absence of grazers, higher atmospheric humidity in moderately drying microcosms resulted in maintaining a film of adhesive water and low CRmic (29% of pre-disturbed respiration) until the end of the drying period. After flow resumption, the CRmic increased within 8 h, achieving 79-83% of pre-disturbed respiration (no grazers) and 15-41% (with grazers), respectively. Results show that short dry periods in temperate streams, even under high humidity, impact the streambed biofilm community negatively. The complex response and strong effect of grazer presence indicates that experiments including interactions of trophic levels and settings mimicking environmental factors during dry-rewet stress are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Oprei
- Department of Freshwater Conservation, BTU-Cottbus Senftenberg, 15526 Bad Saarow, Germany.
| | - Sanja Zlatanović
- Department of Freshwater Conservation, BTU-Cottbus Senftenberg, 15526 Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Michael Mutz
- Department of Freshwater Conservation, BTU-Cottbus Senftenberg, 15526 Bad Saarow, Germany
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18
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Romero F, Sabater S, Font C, Balcázar JL, Acuña V. Desiccation events change the microbial response to gradients of wastewater effluent pollution. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 151:371-380. [PMID: 30616049 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
While wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents have become increasingly recognized as a stressor for receiving rivers, their effects on river microbial communities remain elusive. Moreover, global change is increasing the frequency and duration of desiccation events in river networks, and we ignore how desiccation might influence the response of microbial communities to WWTP effluents. In this study, we evaluated the interaction between desiccation events and WWTP effluents under different dilution capacities. Specifically, we used artificial streams in a replicated regressional design, exposing first a section of the streams to a 7-day desiccation period and then the full stream to different levels of a realistic WWTP effluent dilution, from 0% to 100% of WWTP effluent proportion of the total stream flow. The microbial community response was assessed by means of high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and quantitative PCR targeting ecologically-relevant microbial groups. Threshold Indicator Taxa Analysis (TITAN) was used, together with model fitting, to determine community thresholds and potential indicator taxa. Results show significant interactions between WWTP effluents and desiccation, particularly when sediment type is considered. Indicator taxa included members of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria, with abrupt changes in community structure at WWTP effluent proportion of the total flow above 50%, which is related to nutrient levels ranging 4.6-5.2 mg N-NO3-L-1, 0.21-0.32 mg P-PO43-L-1 and 7.09-9.00 mg DOC L-1. Our work indicates that situations where WWTP effluents account for >50% of the total river flow might risk of dramatic microbial community structure changes and should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Romero
- ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Emili Grahit 101, University of Girona, 17003 Girona Spain.
| | - Sergi Sabater
- ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Emili Grahit 101, University of Girona, 17003 Girona Spain; Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, Girona 17071 Spain
| | - Carme Font
- ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Emili Grahit 101, University of Girona, 17003 Girona Spain
| | - José Luís Balcázar
- ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Emili Grahit 101, University of Girona, 17003 Girona Spain
| | - Vicenç Acuña
- ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Emili Grahit 101, University of Girona, 17003 Girona Spain
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Arce MI, von Schiller D, Bengtsson MM, Hinze C, Jung H, Alves RJE, Urich T, Singer G. Drying and Rainfall Shape the Structure and Functioning of Nitrifying Microbial Communities in Riverbed Sediments. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2794. [PMID: 30519221 PMCID: PMC6250940 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-flow periods in fluvial ecosystems are a global phenomenon. Streambed drying and rewetting by sporadic rainfalls could drive considerable changes in the microbial communities that govern stream nitrogen (N) availability at different temporal and spatial scales. We performed a microcosm-based experiment to investigate how dry period duration (DPD) (0, 3, 6, and 9 weeks) and magnitude of sporadic rewetting by rainfall (0, 4, and 21 mm applied at end of dry period) affected stocks of N in riverbed sediments, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) and rates of ammonia oxidation (AO), and emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) to the atmosphere. While ammonium (NH4 +) pool size decreased, nitrate (NO3 -) pool size increased in sediments with progressive drying. Concomitantly, the relative and absolute abundance of AOB and, especially, AOA (assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative PCR of ammonia monooxygenase genes) increased, despite an apparent decrease of AO rates with drying. An increase of N2O emissions occurred at early drying before substantially dropping until the end of the experiment. Strong rainfall of 21 mm increased AO rates and NH4 + in sediments, whereas modest rainfall of 4 mm triggered a notable increase of N2O fluxes. Interestingly, such responses were detected only after 6 and 9 weeks of drying. Our results demonstrate that progressive drying drives considerable changes in in-stream N cycling and the associated nitrifying microbial communities, and that sporadic rainfall can modulate these effects. Our findings are particularly relevant for N processing and transport in rivers with alternating dry and wet phases - a hydrological scenario expected to become more important in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isabel Arce
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel von Schiller
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Mia M. Bengtsson
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Hinze
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hoseung Jung
- Integrative Research Institute on Transformations of Human-Environment Systems (IRI THESys), Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ricardo J. Eloy Alves
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tim Urich
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gabriel Singer
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Zlatanović S, Fabian J, Premke K, Mutz M. Shading and sediment structure effects on stream metabolism resistance and resilience to infrequent droughts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 621:1233-1242. [PMID: 29070450 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Perennial, temperate, low-order streams are predicted to become intermittent as a result of irregular droughts caused by global warming and increased water demand. We hypothesize that stream metabolism changes caused by irregular droughts are linked to the shading and bed sediment structure of temperate streams. We set up 16 outdoor experimental streams with low or high shade conditions and streambeds either with alternating sorted patches of gravel and sand or homogeneous gravel-sand mix sediment structures. We assessed community respiration (CR), net ecosystem production (NEP) and periphyton biomass and structure (diatoms, green algae, cyanobacteria) in the course of 6weeks colonization, 6weeks desiccation, and 2.5weeks after rewetting. The heterotroph to autotroph (H:A) and fungi to bacteria (F:B) ratios in the microbial biofilm community were assessed at the end of the colonization and rewetting phases. Streams with different bed sediment structure were functionally similar; their metabolism under desiccation was controlled solely by light availability. During flow recession, all streams showed net heterotrophy. As desiccation progressed, NEP and CR decreased to zero. Desiccation altered the periphyton composition from predominantly diatoms to green algae and cyanobacteria, particularly in streams with low shade and mixed sediments. Rapid post-drought resilience of NEP was accompanied by high cyanobacteria and green algae growth in low shade, but poor total periphyton growth in high shade streams. Variable periphyton recovery was followed by increased H:A in relation to shading, and decreased F:B in relation to sediments structure. These shifts resulted in poor CR recovery compared to the colonization phase, suggesting a link between CR resilience and microbial composition changes. The links between drought effects, post-drought recovery, shading level, and streambed structure reveal the importance of low-order stream management under a changing climate and land use to mitigate the future impact of unpredictable infrequent droughts on stream metabolism in temperate ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Zlatanović
- Department of Freshwater Conservation, BTU-Cottbus Senftenberg, 15526 Bad Saarow, Germany.
| | - Jenny Fabian
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Premke
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Mutz
- Department of Freshwater Conservation, BTU-Cottbus Senftenberg, 15526 Bad Saarow, Germany
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Mora-Gómez J, Duarte S, Cássio F, Pascoal C, Romaní AM. Microbial decomposition is highly sensitive to leaf litter emersion in a permanent temperate stream. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 621:486-496. [PMID: 29195197 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Drought frequency and intensity in some temperate regions are forecasted to increase under the ongoing global change, which might expose permanent streams to intermittence and have severe repercussions on stream communities and ecosystem processes. In this study, we investigated the effect of drought duration on microbial decomposition of Populus nigra leaf litter in a temperate permanent stream (Oliveira, NW Portugal). Specifically, we measured the response of the structural (assemblage composition, bacterial and fungal biomass) and functional (leaf litter decomposition, extracellular enzyme activities (EEA), and fungal sporulation) parameters of fungal and bacterial communities on leaf litter exposed to emersion during different time periods (7, 14 and 21d). Emersion time affected microbial assemblages and litter decomposition, but the response differed among variables. Leaf decomposition rates and the activity of β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase and phosphatase were gradually reduced with increasing emersion time, while β-xylosidase reduction was similar when emersion last for 7 or more days, and the phenol oxidase reduction was similar at 14 and 21days of leaf emersion. Microbial biomass and fungal sporulation were reduced after 21days of emersion. The structure of microbial assemblages was affected by the duration of the emersion period. The shifts in fungal assemblages were correlated with a decreased microbial capacity to degrade lignin and hemicellulose in leaf litter exposed to emersion. Additionally, some resilience was observed in leaf litter mass loss, bacterial biomass, some enzyme activities and structure of fungal assemblages. Our study shows that drought can strongly alter structural and functional aspects of microbial decomposers. Therefore, the exposure of leaf litter to increasing emersion periods in temperate streams is expected to affect decomposer communities and overall decomposition of plant material by decelerating carbon cycling in streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanita Mora-Gómez
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain.
| | - Sofia Duarte
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Cássio
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Pascoal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Anna M Romaní
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
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22
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Obrador B, von Schiller D, Marcé R, Gómez-Gener L, Koschorreck M, Borrego C, Catalán N. Dry habitats sustain high CO 2 emissions from temporary ponds across seasons. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3015. [PMID: 29445143 PMCID: PMC5813041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20969-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing understanding of the magnitude and drivers of carbon gas emissions from inland waters, the relevance of water fluctuation and associated drying on their dynamics is rarely addressed. Here, we quantified CO2 and CH4 fluxes from a set of temporary ponds across seasons. The ponds were in all occasion net CO2 emitters irrespective of the presence or absence of water. While the CO2 fluxes were in the upper range of emissions for freshwater lentic systems, CH4 fluxes were mostly undetectable. Dry habitats substantially contributed to these emissions and were always a source of CO2, whereas inundated habitats acted either as a source or a sink of atmospheric CO2 along the year. Higher concentrations of coloured and humic organic matter in water and sediment were linked to higher CO2 emissions. Composition of the sediment microbial community was related both to dissolved organic matter concentration and composition, but we did not find a direct link with CO2 fluxes. The presence of methanogenic archaea in most ponds suggested the potential for episodic CH4 production and emission. Our results highlight the need for spatially and temporally inclusive approaches that consider the dry phases and habitats to characterize carbon cycling in temporary systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biel Obrador
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Daniel von Schiller
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain.,Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Apdo. 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Rafael Marcé
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Lluís Gómez-Gener
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 6, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Matthias Koschorreck
- Department Lake Research, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Brückstrasse 3a, 39114, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Carles Borrego
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain.,Group of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Núria Catalán
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain. .,Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain. .,Limnology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden.
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23
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Dispersal timing and drought history influence the response of bacterioplankton to drying-rewetting stress. ISME JOURNAL 2017; 11:1764-1776. [PMID: 28440801 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2017.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The extent and frequency of drought episodes is expected to increase in the following decades making it a crucial stress factor for smaller water bodies. However, very little is known about how bacterioplankton is affected by increased evaporation and how these communities reassemble after rewetting. Here, we present results from a microcosm experiment that assessed the effect of drying-rewetting stress on bacterioplankton in the light of the stress history and the rate and timing of dispersal after the rewetting. We found that the drying phase resulted mainly in a change of function, whereas the complete desiccation and rewetting processes strongly affected both composition and function, which were, however, influenced by the initial conditions and stress history of the communities. Effects of dispersal were generally stronger when it occurred at an early stage after the rewetting. At this stage, selective establishment of dispersed bacteria coupled with enhanced compositional and functional recovery was found, whereas effects of dispersal were neutral, that is, predictable by dispersal rates, at later stages. Our studies therefore show that both the stress history and the timing of dispersal are important factors that influence the response of bacterial communities to environmental change and stress events.
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24
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Gómez-Gener L, Obrador B, Marcé R, Acuña V, Catalán N, Casas-Ruiz JP, Sabater S, Muñoz I, von Schiller D. When Water Vanishes: Magnitude and Regulation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Dry Temporary Streams. Ecosystems 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-016-9963-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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25
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Abstract
Despite the dominance of microorganisms in arid soils, the structures and functional dynamics of microbial communities in hot deserts remain largely unresolved. The effects of wetting event frequency and intensity on Namib Desert microbial communities from two soils with different water-regime histories were tested over 36 days. A total of 168 soil microcosms received wetting events mimicking fog, light rain and heavy rainfall, with a parallel "dry condition" control. T-RFLP data showed that the different wetting events affected desert microbial community structures, but these effects were attenuated by the effects related to the long-term adaptation of both fungal and bacterial communities to soil origins (i.e. soil water regime histories). The intensity of the water pulses (i.e. the amount of water added) rather than the frequency of wetting events had greatest effect in shaping bacterial and fungal community structures. In contrast to microbial diversity, microbial activities (enzyme activities) showed very little response to the wetting events and were mainly driven by soil origin. This experiment clearly demonstrates the complexity of microbial community responses to wetting events in hyperarid hot desert soil ecosystems and underlines the dynamism of their indigenous microbial communities.
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26
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Weaver L, Webber JB, Hickson AC, Abraham PM, Close ME. Biofilm resilience to desiccation in groundwater aquifers: a laboratory and field study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 514:281-289. [PMID: 25668280 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is used as a precious resource for drinking water worldwide. Increasing anthropogenic activity is putting increasing pressure on groundwater resources. One impact of increased groundwater abstraction coupled with increasing dry weather events is the lowering of groundwater levels within aquifers. Biofilms within groundwater aquifers offer protection to the groundwater by removing contaminants entering the aquifer systems from land use activities. The study presented investigated the impact of desiccation events on the biofilms present in groundwater aquifers using field and laboratory experiments. In both field and laboratory experiments a reduction in enzyme activity (glucosidase, esterase and phosphatase) was seen during desiccation compared to wet controls. However, comparing all the data together no significant differences were seen between either wet or desiccated samples or between the start and end of the experiments. In both field and laboratory experiments enzyme activity recovered to start levels after return to wet conditions. The study shows that biofilms within groundwater systems are resilient and can withstand periods of desiccation (4 months).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Weaver
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - J B Webber
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - A C Hickson
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - P M Abraham
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - M E Close
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand
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27
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Schmidt V, Mock R, Burgkhardt E, Junghanns A, Ortlieb F, Szabo I, Marschang R, Blindow I, Krautwald-Junghanns ME. Cloacal aerobic bacterial flora and absence of viruses in free-living slow worms (Anguis fragilis), grass snakes (Natrix natrix) and European Adders (Vipera berus) from Germany. ECOHEALTH 2014; 11:571-580. [PMID: 24866333 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-014-0947-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Disease problems caused by viral or bacterial pathogens are common in reptiles kept in captivity. There is no information available on the incidence of viral pathogens or the physiological cloacal bacterial flora of common free-living reptiles in Germany. Therefore, 56 free-living reptiles including 23 European adders (Vipera berus), 12 grass snakes (Natrix natrix) and 21 slow worms (Anguis fragilis) were investigated on the island Hiddensee in northeastern Germany. Pharyngeal and cloacal swabs were taken immediately after capture. Bacteriological examination was performed from the cloacal swabs to study the aerobic cloacal flora. Molecular biological examination included amplification of DNA or RNA from adeno-, rana- and ferlaviruses as well as culturing on Russell's viper heart cells for virus isolation. Salmonella spp. were isolated from European adders but not from the other reptiles examined. The minimal inhibitory concentration was determined from the isolated Salmonella spp. However, some potentially human pathogenic bacteria, such as Proteus vulgaris, Aeromonas hydrophila, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were isolated. Viruses were not detected in any of the examined reptiles. To the authors' best knowledge, the present study is the first survey of viral pathogens in free-living snakes and slow worms in Germany and the first survey of cloacal aerobic bacterial flora of slow worms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Schmidt
- Clinic for Birds and Reptiles, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 17, 04103, Leipzig, Germany,
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28
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Thion C, Prosser JI. Differential response of nonadapted ammonia-oxidising archaea and bacteria to drying-rewetting stress. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2014; 90:380-9. [PMID: 25070168 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is expected to increase the frequency of severe drought events followed by heavy rainfall, which will influence growth and activity of soil microorganisms, through osmotic stress and changes in nutrient concentration. There is evidence of rapid recovery of processes and adaptation of communities in soils regularly experiencing drying/rewetting and lower resistance and resilience in nonadapted soils. A microcosm-based study of ammonia-oxidising archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB), employing a grassland soil that rarely experiences drought, was used to test this hypothesis and also whether AOB were more resistant and resilient, through greater tolerance of high ammonia concentrations produced during drought and rewetting. Treated soils were dried, incubated for 3 weeks, rewetted, incubated for a further 3 weeks and compared to untreated soils, maintained at a constant moisture content. Nitrate accumulation and AOA and AOB abundance (abundance of respective amoA genes) and community composition (DGGE analysis of AOA amoA and AOB 16S rRNA genes) were poorly adapted to drying-rewetting. AOA abundance and community composition were less resistant than AOB during drought and less resilient after rewetting, at times when ammonium concentration was higher. Data provide evidence for poor adaptation of microbial communities and processes to drying-rewetting in soils with no history of drought and indicate niche differentiation of AOA and AOB associated with high ammonia concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Thion
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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