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Wight J, Byrne AS, Tahlan K, Lang AS. Anthropogenic contamination sources drive differences in antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in three urban lakes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0180923. [PMID: 38349150 PMCID: PMC10952509 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01809-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an ever-present threat to the treatment of infectious diseases. However, the potential relevance of this phenomenon in environmental reservoirs still raises many questions. Detection of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the environment is a critical aspect for understanding the prevalence of resistance outside of clinical settings, as detection in the environment indicates that resistance is likely already widespread. We isolated antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli from three urban waterbodies over a 15-month time series, determined their antimicrobial susceptibilities, investigated their population structure, and identified genetic determinants of resistance. We found that E. coli populations at each site were composed of different dominant phylotypes and showed distinct patterns of antimicrobial and multidrug resistance, despite close geographic proximity. Many strains that were genome-sequenced belonged to sequence types of international concern, particularly the ST131 clonal complex. We found widespread resistance to clinically important antimicrobials such as amoxicillin, cefotaxime, and ciprofloxacin, but found that all strains were susceptible to amikacin and the last-line antimicrobials meropenem and fosfomycin. Resistance was most often due to acquirable antimicrobial resistance genes, while chromosomal mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE conferred resistance to quinolones. Whole-genome analysis of a subset of strains further revealed the diversity of the population of E. coli present, with a wide array of AMR and virulence genes identified, many of which were present on the chromosome, including blaCTX-M. Finally, we determined that environmental persistence, transmission between sites, most likely mediated by wild birds, and transfer of mobile genetic elements likely contributed significantly to the patterns observed.IMPORTANCEA One Health perspective is crucial to understand the extent of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) globally, and investigation of AMR in the environment has been increasing in recent years. However, most studies have focused on waterways that are directly polluted by sewage, industrial manufacturing, or agricultural activities. Therefore, there remains a lack of knowledge about more natural, less overtly impacted environments. Through phenotypic and genotypic investigation of AMR in Escherichia coli, this study adds to our understanding of the extent and patterns of resistance in these types of environments, including over a time series, and showed that complex biotic and abiotic factors contribute to the patterns observed. Our study further emphasizes the importance of incorporating the surveillance of microbes in freshwater environments in order to better comprehend potential risks for both human and animal health and how the environment may serve as a sentinel for potential future clinical infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Wight
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Alexander S. Byrne
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Kapil Tahlan
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Andrew S. Lang
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
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Cuny C, Layer-Nicolaou F, Werner G, Witte W. A look at staphylococci from the one health perspective. Int J Med Microbiol 2024; 314:151604. [PMID: 38367509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and other staphylococcal species are resident and transient multihost colonizers as well as conditional pathogens. Especially S. aureus represents an excellent model bacterium for the "One Health" concept because of its dynamics at the human-animal interface and versatility with respect to host adaptation. The development of antimicrobial resistance plays another integral part. This overview will focus on studies at the human-animal interface with respect to livestock farming and to companion animals, as well as on staphylococci in wildlife. In this context transmissions of staphylococci and of antimicrobial resistance genes between animals and humans are of particular significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Cuny
- Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Wernigerode Branch, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany.
| | - Franziska Layer-Nicolaou
- Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Wernigerode Branch, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Guido Werner
- Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Wernigerode Branch, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany
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Monecke S, Braun SD, Collatz M, Diezel C, Müller E, Reinicke M, Cabal Rosel A, Feßler AT, Hanke D, Loncaric I, Schwarz S, Cortez de Jäckel S, Ruppitsch W, Gavier-Widén D, Hotzel H, Ehricht R. Molecular Characterization of Chimeric Staphylococcus aureus Strains from Waterfowl. Microorganisms 2024; 12:96. [PMID: 38257923 PMCID: PMC10821479 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a versatile pathogen that does not only occur in humans but also in various wild and domestic animals, including several avian species. When characterizing S. aureus isolates from waterfowl, isolates were identified as atypical CC133 by DNA microarray analysis. They differed from previously sequenced CC133 strains in the presence of the collagen adhesin gene cna; some also showed a different capsule type and a deviant spa type. Thus, they were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. This revealed multiple insertions of large regions of DNA from other S. aureus lineages into a CC133-derived backbone genome. Three distinct strains were identified based on the size and extent of these inserts. One strain comprised two small inserts of foreign DNA up- and downstream of oriC; one of about 7000 nt or 0.25% originated from CC692 and the other, at ca. 38,000 nt or 1.3% slightly larger one was of CC522 provenance. The second strain carried a larger CC692 insert (nearly 257,000 nt or 10% of the strain's genome), and its CC522-derived insert was also larger, at about 53,500 nt or 2% of the genome). The third strain carried an identical CC692-derived region (in which the same mutations were observed as in the second strain), but it had a considerably larger CC522-like insertion of about 167,000 nt or 5.9% of the genome. Both isolates of the first, and two out of four isolates of the second strain also harbored a hemolysin-beta-integrating prophage carrying "bird-specific" virulence factors, ornithine cyclodeaminase D0K6J8 and a putative protease D0K6J9. Furthermore, isolates had two different variants of SCC elements that lacked mecA/mecC genes. These findings highlight the role of horizontal gene transfer in the evolution of S. aureus facilitated by SCC elements, by phages, and by a yet undescribed mechanism for large-scale exchange of core genomic DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Monecke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), 07745 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, Dresden University Hospital, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sascha D. Braun
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), 07745 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Maximillian Collatz
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), 07745 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Celia Diezel
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), 07745 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Elke Müller
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), 07745 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Reinicke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), 07745 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Adriana Cabal Rosel
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, 1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea T. Feßler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection, Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennis Hanke
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection, Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Igor Loncaric
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection, Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Werner Ruppitsch
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, 1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dolores Gavier-Widén
- Department of Pathology and Wildlife Disease, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), 75189 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), 07745 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Martínez-Álvarez S, Châtre P, Cardona-Cabrera T, François P, Sánchez-Cano A, Höfle U, Zarazaga M, Madec JY, Haenni M, Torres C. Detection and genetic characterization of bla ESBL-carrying plasmids of cloacal Escherichia coli isolates from white stork nestlings (Ciconia ciconia) in Spain. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2023; 34:186-194. [PMID: 37482121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to characterize Escherichia coli isolates from cloacal samples of white stork nestlings, with a special focus on extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing E. coli isolates and their plasmid content. METHODS Cloacal samples of 88 animals were seeded on MacConkey-agar and chromogenic-ESBL plates to recover E. coli and ESBL-producing E. coli. Antimicrobial susceptibility was screened using the disc diffusion method, and the genotypic characterization was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequent sequencing. S1 nuclease Pulsed-Field-Gel-Electrophoresis (PFGE), Southern blotting, and conjugation essays were performed on ESBL-producing E. coli, as well as whole-genome sequencing by short- and long-reads. The four blaESBL-carrying plasmids were completely sequenced. RESULTS A total of 113 non-ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were collected on antibiotic-free MacConkey-agar, of which 27 (23.9%) showed a multidrug-resistance (MDR) phenotype, mainly associated with β-lactam-phenicol-sulfonamide resistance (blaTEM/cmlA/floR/sul1/sul2/sul3). Moreover, four white stork nestlings carried ESBL-producing E. coli (4.5%) with the following characteristics: blaSHV-12/ST38-D, blaSHV-12/ST58-B1, blaCTX-M-1/ST162-B1, and blaCTX-M-32/ST155-B1. Whole-genome sequencing followed by Southern blot hybridizations on S1-PFGE gels in ESBL-positive isolates proved that the blaCTX-M-1 gene and one of the blaSHV-12 genes were carried by IncI1/pST3 plasmids, while the second blaSHV-12 gene and the blaCTX-M-32 gene were located on IncF plasmids. The two blaSHV-12 genes and the two blaCTX-M genes had similar but non-identical close genetic environments, as all four genes were flanked by a variety of insertion sequences. CONCLUSION The role played by several genetic platforms in the mobility of ESBL genes allows for interchangeability on a remarkably small scale (gene-plasmid-clones), which may support the spread of ESBL genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Martínez-Álvarez
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Pierre Châtre
- ANSES - Université de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France
| | - Teresa Cardona-Cabrera
- Health and Biotechnology (SaBio) Research Group, Institute for Game and Wildlife Research IREC (CSIC-UCLM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pauline François
- ANSES - Université de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France
| | - Alberto Sánchez-Cano
- Health and Biotechnology (SaBio) Research Group, Institute for Game and Wildlife Research IREC (CSIC-UCLM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ursula Höfle
- Health and Biotechnology (SaBio) Research Group, Institute for Game and Wildlife Research IREC (CSIC-UCLM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- ANSES - Université de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France
| | - Marisa Haenni
- ANSES - Université de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain.
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Tareen AR, Zahra R. Community Acquired Methicillin Resistant Staphylococci (CA-MRS) in fecal matter of Wild Birds – A ‘One Health’ Point of Concern. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:877-883. [PMID: 37054501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance in Staphylococci, particularly methicillin resistance is a major public health concern. While this problem has been reported from the clinical settings, its presence in non-clinical settings also needs to be investigated. The role of wildlife in carrying and disseminating the resistant strains has been established in different studies but its role in Pakistani environment has not been explored yet. To evaluate this, we investigated the carriage of antibiotic resistant Staphylococci in wild birds from Islamabad region. METHODOLOGY Birds fecal matter were collected during September 2016-August 2017 from eight different environmental settings of Islamabad. Prevalence of Staphylococci, their susceptibility profile against eight classes of antibiotics through disc diffusion method, their SCCmec types, co-resistance of macrolide and cefoxitin through PCR assay and biofilm formation through microtitre plate assay were studied. RESULTS Out of 320 birds feces collected, 394 Staphylococci were isolated, where 165 (42%) were resistant to at least one or two classes of antibiotics. High resistance was found against erythromycin (40%) and tetracycline (21%) while cefoxitin resistance was 18% and vancomycin resistance was only in 2%. One hundred and three (26%) isolates exhibited multi-drug resistance (MDR) pattern. mecA gene was detected in 45/70 (64%) cefoxitin resistant isolates. Community acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococci (CA-MRS) were 87% while Hospital acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococci (HA-MRS) were 40%. In the MRS isolates showing co-resistance to macrolides, mefA (69%) and ermC (50%) genes were more prevalent. Strong biofilm formation was observed in 90% of the MRS, of which 48% were methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates while 52% were methicillin resistant coagulase negative Staphylococci (MRCoNS). CONCLUSION Occurrence of methicillin resistant strains of Staphylococci in wild birds suggests their role in the carriage and dissemination of resistant strains into the environment. The findings of the study strongly recommend the monitoring of resistant bacteria in wild birds and wildlife.
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Ji F, Liu S, Wang X, Zhao J, Zhu J, Yang J, Zhang C, Jia Z, Zhao R, Hu G, Wang J, Qin J, Li G, Wu B, Wang C. Characteristics of the multiple replicon plasmid IncX1-X1 in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from Malayan pangolin (Manis javanica). Integr Zool 2023; 18:289-298. [PMID: 35192746 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Potential zoonotic pathogens may be transmitted from wildlife to humans through the illegal wild meat trade, which has become a pressing issue. However, research on the antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) of Malayan pangolin (Manis javanica) intestinal bacteria is limited. Here, multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli M172-1 (ST354) isolated from Malayan pangolin feces in 2019 was found to be resistant to 13 antibiotics. BGWAS analysis revealed 4 plasmids, namely, pM172-1.1, pM172-1.2, pM172-1.3, and pM172-1.4, in the isolate. The pM172-1.2, pM172-1.3, and pM172-1.4 plasmids carried ARGs, namely, IncHI2-HI2A, IncX1-X1, and IncX1, respectively. pM172-1.3 and pM172-1.4 contained intact IntI1 integrons (Is26/IntI1/arr2/cmlA5/blaOXA-10 /ant(3″)-IIA/dfrA14/Is26). Notably, pM172-1.3 resulted from the fusion of 2 pM172-1.4 copies and carried many more ARGs. In addition to pM172-1.3 from the same host, other drug-resistant bacteria (E. coli M159-1 (ST48), E. coli S171-1 (ST206), and Klebsiella pneumoniae S174-1 (ST2354)) in the same Malayan pangolin fecal samples also carried 3 plasmids with 100% gene coverage of pM172-1.4 and 99.98% identity. Therefore, ARGs in IncX1 might spread in the intestinal flora of Malayan pangolin and between species via the illegal food chain, posing a potential threat to public health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ji
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shelan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianan Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayue Zhu
- School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianchun Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenglin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongxin Jia
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruili Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guocheng Hu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
| | - Gang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengmin Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
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Paulitsch-Fuchs AH, Melchior N, Haitzmann T, Fingerhut T, Feierl G, Baumert R, Kittinger C, Zarfel G. Analysis of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) Genes of Non-Invasive ESBL Enterobacterales in Southeast Austria in 2017. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 12:antibiotics12010001. [PMID: 36671202 PMCID: PMC9854808 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended spectrum beta lactamases producing Enterobacteriaceae are a major player in the antibiotic resistance challenge. In general, the situation regarding antibiotic resistance in Austria is very good compared to many other countries. Perhaps this is why there is a lack of data on the distribution of ESBL genes in the clinical setting. The aim of this study was to collect data on ESBL genes from a larger sample of human non-invasive clinical isolates from one region in Austria. In total, 468 isolates from different sample materials isolated at the Medical University of Graz from 2017 were examined. The most frequent organisms were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Among the enzymes produced, CTX-M-15 was clearly dominant, exotic ESBLs were only represented by three Proteus mirabilis isolates harboring genes for VEB-6 and one P. mirabilis for CTX-M-2, respectively. Compared to other countries, the results are in line with the expectations. The data help to better classify the many studies from the non-clinical field in Austria and to shift the focus slightly away from the exotic results and sample sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid H. Paulitsch-Fuchs
- Biomedical Science, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, St. Veiterstraße 47, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nadine Melchior
- Biomedical Science, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, St. Veiterstraße 47, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Theresa Haitzmann
- Biomedical Science, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, St. Veiterstraße 47, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Theres Fingerhut
- Biomedical Science, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, St. Veiterstraße 47, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Gebhard Feierl
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rita Baumert
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Clemens Kittinger
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot Zarfel
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence:
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Shaaban M, Elshaer SL, Abd El-Rahman OA. Prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases, AmpC, and carbapenemases in Proteus mirabilis clinical isolates. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:247. [PMID: 36221063 PMCID: PMC9552493 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02662-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proteus mirabilis is an opportunistic pathogen, causing a variety of community-acquired and nosocomial illnesses. It poses a potential threat to patients via the production of β-lactamases, which decrease the efficacy of antimicrobial treatment and impair the management of its pathogenicity. Hence, this study was established to determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), AmpC, and carbapenemases of P. mirabilis isolated from various clinical specimens. Results Proteus mirabilis was identified in 20.7% (58/280) of specimens. ESBL producers were present at a rate of 51.7% (30/58). All AmpC-positive isolates (n = 20) produced ESBLs as well, so 66.7% of ESBL-producing isolates coproduced AmpC enzymes. The modified Hodge test confirmed carbapenemase production in six out of seven imipenem nonsusceptible isolates. Of these, only two (5.7%) isolates were also ESBL-and AmpC-positive. Antibiotic resistance reached the highest level for cotrimoxazole (62.1%, n = 36/58 isolates) and the lowest for imipenem (12.1%, n = 7/58 isolates). The levels of multidrug-resistant (MDR) was 41.4% among the tested isolates. The blaSHV (83.3%), blaAmpC (80%), and blaVIM-1 (50%) were the most detected genes in phenotypically confirmed ESBL-, AmpC-, and carbapenemase-producing isolates, respectively. Besides, more than a half of the tested P. mirabilis strains (53%) coproduced ESBLs and AmpC. Moreover, two isolates coproduced ESBLs and AmpC together with carbapenemases. Furthermore, dendrogram analysis showed great genetic divergence based on the 21 different enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) patterns (P1–P21) through the 34 β-lactamase producers. ERIC analysis distinguished clonal similarities between isolates 21 and 22 in P2 and 9 and 10 in P4, which were isolated from the same clinical source and possessed similar patterns of β-lactamase-encoding genes. Conclusion Hence, there is an urgent need to monitor hospitalized patients and improve healthcare in order to reduce the incidence of infection and outbreaks of infection with antibiotic-resistant Proteus. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02662-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Shaaban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Soha Lotfy Elshaer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Ola A Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt
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Ewbank AC, Fuentes-Castillo D, Sacristán C, Esposito F, Fuga B, Cardoso B, Godoy SN, Zamana RR, Gattamorta MA, Catão-Dias JL, Lincopan N. World Health Organization critical priority Escherichia coli clone ST648 in magnificent frigatebird (Fregata magnificens) of an uninhabited insular environment. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:940600. [PMID: 36033868 PMCID: PMC9410367 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.940600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is an ancient natural phenomenon increasingly pressured by anthropogenic activities. Escherichia coli has been used as markers of environmental contamination and human-related activity. Seabirds may be bioindicators of clinically relevant bacterial pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance genes, including extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmid-encoded AmpC (pAmpC), in anthropized and remote areas. We evaluated cloacal swabs of 20 wild magnificent frigatebirds (Fregata magnificens) of the Alcatrazes Archipelago, the biggest breeding colony of magnificent frigatebirds in the southern Atlantic and a natural protected area with no history of human occupation, located in the anthropized southeastern Brazilian coast. We characterized a highly virulent multidrug-resistant ST648 (O153:H9) pandemic clone, harboring blaCTX–M–2, blaCMY–2, qnrB, tetB, sul1, sul2, aadA1, aac(3)-VIa and mdfA, and virulence genes characteristic of avian pathogenic (APEC) (hlyF, iroN, iss, iutA, and ompT) and other extraintestinal E. coli (ExPEC) (chuA, kpsMII, and papC). To our knowledge, this is the first report of ST648 E. coli co-producing ESBL and pAmpC in wild birds inhabiting insular environments. We suggest this potentially zoonotic and pathogenic lineage was likely acquired through indirect anthropogenic contamination of the marine environment, ingestion of contaminated seafood, or by intra and/or interspecific contact. Our findings reinforce the role of wild birds as anthropization sentinels in insular environments and the importance of wildlife surveillance studies on pathogens of critical priority classified by the World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Ewbank
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Ana Carolina Ewbank,
| | - Danny Fuentes-Castillo
- Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
- One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Sacristán
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), CSIC, Valdeolmos-Alalpardo, Spain
| | - Fernanda Esposito
- One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Fuga
- One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brenda Cardoso
- One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Neri Godoy
- Refúgio de Vida Silvestre do Arquipélago de Alcatrazes – Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta Ramblas Zamana
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Gattamorta
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Catão-Dias
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Osińska M, Nowakiewicz A, Zięba P, Gnat S, Łagowski D, Trościańczyk A. A rich mosaic of resistance in extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Poland as a potential effect of increasing synanthropization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151834. [PMID: 34808162 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In our research, we analyzed the resistance of cephalosporin-resistant E. coli strains to antimicrobial agents. The strains were collected during five years from wild animal species commonly inhabiting Poland. We have identified the type of β-lactamases produced and the multidrug-resistance profile. Most strains (73.8%) had genes encoding ESBL enzymes, mainly CTX-M-1 and TEM. Almost all AmpC-β-lactamase-producing isolates had the blaCMY-2 gene. Almost 70% of the strains tested showed a multi-drug resistance profile. The dominant phenotype was resistance to tetracycline (69.05%), and/or sulfamethoxazole (57.1%). We also found high resistance to quinolones: ciprofloxacin 35.7% and nalidixic acid 52.4%. The phenotypic resistance of the strains was in most cases confirmed by the presence of corresponding genes. Among strains, 26.2% were carriers of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes (PMQR). MLST analysis revealed a large clonal variation of the strains, which was reflected in 28 different sequence types. More than half of the strains (54.7%) were classified into the following sequence complexes: 10, 23, 69, 101, 155, 156, 168, 354, 398, 446, and 648. Only one strain in the studied group was assigned to the ExPEC pathotype and represented sequence type 117. The results of our research have confirmed that isolates obtained from wild animals possess many resistance determinants and sequence types, which are also found in food-producing animals and humans. This reflects the doctrine of "One health", which clearly indicates that human health is inextricably linked with animal health as well as degree of environmental contamination. We conclude that the resistance and virulence profiles of strains isolated from wildlife animals may be a resultant of various sources encountered by animals, creating a rich and varied mosaic of genes, which is very often unpredictable and not reflected in the correlation between the sequence type and the gene profile of resistance or virulence observed in epidemic clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelina Osińska
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Aneta Nowakiewicz
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Zięba
- State Veterinary Laboratory, Droga Męczenników Majdanka 50, 20-325 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sebastian Gnat
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Dominik Łagowski
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Trościańczyk
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
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11
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Treskova M, Kuhlmann A, Freise F, Kreienbrock L, Brogden S. Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland: A Narrative Review of Existing Evidence. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040728. [PMID: 35456779 PMCID: PMC9027620 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study summarizes the current research on antibiotic resistance (AR) in the environment conducted in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland; (2) Methods: A narrative systematic literature review of epidemiological studies based on searches in EMBASE and CAB abstracts (up to 16 June2021) was conducted. Environmental reservoirs included water sources, wastewater, animal husbandry, wildlife, soil, and sediment; (3) Results: Four hundred and four records were screened, and 52 studies were included. Thirteen studies examined aquatic environments, and eleven investigated wastewater. Eight studies investigated both wildlife and animal husbandry. Less evidence was available for sediments, soil, and air. Considerable heterogeneity in research focus, study design, sampling, and measurement of resistance was observed. Resistance to all categories of antimicrobials in the WHO CIA list was identified. Resistance to critically important and highly important substances was reported most frequently; (4) Conclusions: The current research scope presents data-gathering efforts. Usage of a unified protocol for isolate collection, selecting sampling sites, and susceptibility testing is required to provide results that can be compared between the studies and reservoirs. Epidemiological, environmental, and ecological factors should be considered in surveys of the environmental dissemination of AR. Systematic epidemiological studies investigating AR at the interface of human, animal, and environmental health are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Treskova
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (M.T.); (F.F.); (L.K.)
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Kuhlmann
- Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University of Halle Wittenberg, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Fritjof Freise
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (M.T.); (F.F.); (L.K.)
| | - Lothar Kreienbrock
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (M.T.); (F.F.); (L.K.)
| | - Sandra Brogden
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (M.T.); (F.F.); (L.K.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Nagy BJ, Balázs B, Benmazouz I, Gyüre P, Kövér L, Kaszab E, Bali K, Lovas-Kiss Á, Damjanova I, Majoros L, Tóth Á, Bányai K, Kardos G. Comparison of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates From Rooks (Corvus frugilegus) and Contemporary Human-Derived Strains: A One Health Perspective. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:785411. [PMID: 35095799 PMCID: PMC8792927 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.785411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During winter, a large number of rooks gather and defecate at the park of a university clinic. We investigated the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)–producing Escherichia coli in these birds and compared recovered isolates with contemporary human isolates. In 2016, fecal samples were collected from 112 trap-captured rooks and investigated for presence of ESBL producers using eosin methylene blue agar supplemented by 2 mg/L cefotaxime; 2,455 contemporary human fecal samples of patients of the clinics sent for routine culturing were tested similarly. In addition, 42 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates collected during the same period from inpatients were also studied. ESBL genes were sought for by PCR and were characterized by sequencing; E. coli ST131 clones were identified. Epidemiological relatedness was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and confirmed using whole genome sequencing in selected cases. Thirty-seven (33%) of sampled rooks and 42 (1.7%) of human stools yielded ESBL-producing E coli. Dominant genes were blaCTX–M–55 and blaCTX–M–27 in corvid, blaCTX–M–15 and blaCTX–M–27 in human isolates. ST162 was common among rooks. Two rook-derived E. coli belonged to ST131 C1-M27, which was also predominant (10/42) among human fecal and (15/42) human clinical isolates. Another potential link between rooks and humans was a single ST744 rook isolate grouped with one human fecal and three clinical isolates. Despite possible contact, genotypes shared between rooks and humans were rare. Thus, rooks are important as long-distance vectors and reservoirs of ESBL-producing E. coli rather than direct sources of infections to humans in our setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint József Nagy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bence Balázs
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Isma Benmazouz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Nature Conservation, Zoology and Game Management, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Gyüre
- Department of Nature Conservation, Zoology and Game Management, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Kövér
- Department of Nature Conservation, Zoology and Game Management, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eszter Kaszab
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Bali
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Lovas-Kiss
- Department for Tisza River Research, Centre for Ecological Research–DRI, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - László Majoros
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ákos Tóth
- National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kardos
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Gábor Kardos,
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13
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Shah A, Alam S, Kabir M, Fazal S, Khurshid A, Iqbal A, Mumtaz Khan M, Khan W, Qayyum A, Hussain M, El Askary A, Gharib AF, Elesawy BH, Bibi Y. Migratory Birds as Vehicle to Transmit Multi Drug Resistant Extended Spectrum β Lactamase Producing Escherichia fergusonii, an Emerging Zoonotic Pathogen. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3167-3176. [PMID: 35844397 PMCID: PMC9280166 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of multi-drug resistance (MDR) genes by pathogenic bacterial bugs and their dispersal to different food webs has become a silent pandemic. The multiplied use of different antibacterial therapeutics during COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the process among emerging pathogens. Wild migratory birds play an important role in the spread of MDR pathogens and MDR gene flow due to the consumption of contaminated food and water. Escherichia fergusonii is an emerging pathogen of family Enterobacteriaceae and commonly causes disease in human and animals. The present study focused on the isolation of E. fergusonii from blood, saliva, and intestine of selected migratory birds of the Hazara Division. The sensitivity of isolated strains was assessed against ten different antibiotics. The isolation frequency of E. fergusonii was 69%. In blood samples, a high rate of resistance was observed against ceftriaxone (80%) followed by ampicillin (76%) whereas, in oral and intestinal samples, ceftriaxone resistant strains were 56% and 57% while ampicillin resistance was 49% and 52% respectively. The overall ceftriaxone and ampicillin-resistant cases in all three sample sources were 71% and 65% respectively. In comparison to oral and intestinal samples, high numbers of ceftriaxone-resistant strains were isolated from the blood of mallard while ampicillin-resistant strains were observed in blood samples of cattle egrets. 16S rRNA-based confirmed strains of E. fergusonii were processed for detection of CTX-M and TEM-1 gene through Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after DNA extraction. Hundred percent ceftriaxone resistant isolates possessed CTX-M and all ampicillin-resistant strains harbored TEM-1 genes. Amplified products were sequenced by using the Sanger sequencing method and the resulted sequences were checked for similarity in the nucleotide Database through the BLAST program. TEM-1 gene showed 99% and the CTX-M gene showed 98% similar sequences in the Database. The 16S rRNA sequence and nucleotide sequences for TEM-1 and CTX-M genes were submitted to Gene Bank with accession numbers LC521304, LC521306, LC521307 respectively. We posit to combat MDR gene flow among the bacterial pathogens across different geographical locations, regular surveillance of new zoonotic pathogens must be conducted.
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14
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Uelze L, Bloch A, Borowiak M, Grobbel M, Deneke C, Fischer M, Malorny B, Pietsch M, Simon S, Szabó I, Tausch SH, Fischer J. What WGS Reveals about Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica in Wildlife in Germany. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1911. [PMID: 34576806 PMCID: PMC8471515 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to gain an overview of the genetic diversity of Salmonella found in wildlife in Germany. We were particularly interested in exploring whether wildlife acts as a reservoir of certain serovars/subtypes or antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. Moreover, we wanted to explore the potential of Salmonella in spreading from wildlife to livestock and humans. To answer these questions, we sequenced 260 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates sampled between 2002 and 2020 from wildlife across Germany, using short-read whole genome sequencing. We found, consistent with previous findings, that some Salmonella sequence types are associated with certain animal species, such as S. Choleraesuis ST145 with wild boar and S. Enteritidis ST183 with hedgehogs. Antibiotic resistance was detected in 14.2% of all isolates, with resistance against important WATCH group antibiotics present in a small number of isolates. We further found that wildlife isolates do not form separate phylogenetic clusters distant to isolates from domestic animals and foodstuff, thus indicating frequent transmission events between these reservoirs. Overall, our study shows that Salmonella in German wildlife are diverse, with a low AMR burden and close links to Salmonella populations of farm and food-production environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Uelze
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (L.U.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (C.D.); (M.F.); (B.M.); (I.S.); (S.H.T.)
| | - Angelina Bloch
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (L.U.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (C.D.); (M.F.); (B.M.); (I.S.); (S.H.T.)
| | - Maria Borowiak
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (L.U.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (C.D.); (M.F.); (B.M.); (I.S.); (S.H.T.)
| | - Mirjam Grobbel
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (L.U.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (C.D.); (M.F.); (B.M.); (I.S.); (S.H.T.)
| | - Carlus Deneke
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (L.U.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (C.D.); (M.F.); (B.M.); (I.S.); (S.H.T.)
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (L.U.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (C.D.); (M.F.); (B.M.); (I.S.); (S.H.T.)
| | - Burkhard Malorny
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (L.U.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (C.D.); (M.F.); (B.M.); (I.S.); (S.H.T.)
| | - Michael Pietsch
- Unit for Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella (FG11)/National Reference Centre for Salmonella and Other Bacterial Enteric Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Burgstr. 37, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany; (M.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Sandra Simon
- Unit for Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella (FG11)/National Reference Centre for Salmonella and Other Bacterial Enteric Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Burgstr. 37, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany; (M.P.); (S.S.)
| | - István Szabó
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (L.U.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (C.D.); (M.F.); (B.M.); (I.S.); (S.H.T.)
| | - Simon H. Tausch
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (L.U.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (C.D.); (M.F.); (B.M.); (I.S.); (S.H.T.)
| | - Jennie Fischer
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (L.U.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (C.D.); (M.F.); (B.M.); (I.S.); (S.H.T.)
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15
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Pirbonyeh N, Emami A, Bazargani A, Javanmardi F, Hosseini SM, Derakhshan B. Integron-Related Resistance in New Emerged Staphylococcus lugdunensis Infection in Burn Patients. J Burn Care Res 2021; 41:598-603. [PMID: 31867617 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irz211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species that may cause various infections with unusual severity. In spite of the administration of various antibiotics, infections caused by such bacteria are become resistant significantly. Transmission of antibiotic resistance genes, especially by Integron structures, exacerbates the prevalence of resistant strains. To investigate the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of S. lugdunensis as a new emergence in burns, the presence of integron classes (I, II, III) was performed in recent study. Sampling for this study was carried out over a period of 13 months (January 2017 to February 2018) from Amir-Al-Momenin burn center of southwest of Iran, affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Twenty-eight isolates of S. lugdunensis were confirmed by phenotypic tests. The presence of integron classes was evaluated by PCR technique and specific primers. The majority of studied infectious agents were seen in ICU with 28.57%. The prevalence of class I and II integrons was 7 (25.00%) and 2 (7.14%), respectively, in S. lugdunensis isolates, whereas no integron III was found. No significant association was seen between antibiotic resistance and the present integrons (P > .05). Since the prevalence of S. lugdunensis strains as a new emergence infection is increasing in clinical settings especially burns, preventing drug resistance in these isolates is inevitable. So knowing the epidemiology pattern of new emerging infections and their resistant pattern is very helpful in infection control and save hospitalized patients life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Pirbonyeh
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Microbiology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Amir Emami
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Microbiology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Abdollah Bazargani
- Bacteriology and Virology Department, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Javanmardi
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Microbiology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohsen Hosseini
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Microbiology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Bahram Derakhshan
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Microbiology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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16
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Molecular Diversity of Methicillin-Resistant and -Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Detected in Animals: A Focus on Aquatic Animals. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13090417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) are one of the best-known opportunistic pathogens capable of causing different types of infections in animals. Furthermore, it has the ability to acquire resistance to various antibiotics very easily. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) are currently of great concern as they are the leading cause of infections in humans and animals, with a major impact on health and the economy. Several studies already demonstrate that the spread of MRSA is constantly increasing due to its ability to form reservoirs in humans, animals and the environment. In fact, several works have already identified the presence of these bacteria in animals, including domestic animals, farm animals and even wild animals. Furthermore, the incidence of various S. aureus strains in aquatic animals has also been reported by different authors, although it is still a rarely discussed topic. Some of these strains have previously been associated with humans and other animals. Strain 398 is the strain that manages to infect a wider spectrum of hosts, having been identified in several different species. Aside from this strain, many others have yet to be identified. In addition, many of these strains have virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes that worsen the situation. The present work is a review of studies that intend to investigate the epidemiology of this agent in samples of aquatic animals from different origins, in order to better understand its distribution, prevalence and the molecular lineages associated with these species.
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Earls MR, Steinig EJ, Monecke S, Samaniego Castruita JA, Simbeck A, Schneider-Brachert W, Vremerǎ T, Dorneanu OS, Loncaric I, Bes M, Lacoma A, Prat Aymerich C, Wernery U, Armengol-Porta M, Blomfeldt A, Duchene S, Bartels MD, Ehricht R, Coleman DC. Exploring the evolution and epidemiology of European CC1-MRSA-IV: tracking a multidrug-resistant community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone. Microb Genom 2021; 7. [PMID: 34223815 PMCID: PMC8477393 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the evolution and epidemiology of the community-associated and multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone European CC1-MRSA-IV. Whole-genome sequences were obtained for 194 European CC1-MRSA-IV isolates (189 of human and 5 of animal origin) from 12 countries, and 10 meticillin-susceptible precursors (from North-Eastern Romania; all of human origin) of the clone. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using a maximum-likelihood approach, a time-measured phylogeny was reconstructed using Bayesian analysis, and in silico microarray genotyping was performed to identify resistance, virulence-associated and SCCmec (staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec) genes. Isolates were typically sequence type 1 (190/204) and spa type t127 (183/204). Bayesian analysis indicated that European CC1-MRSA-IV emerged in approximately 1995 before undergoing rapid expansion in the late 1990s and 2000s, while spreading throughout Europe and into the Middle East. Phylogenetic analysis revealed an unstructured meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) population, lacking significant geographical or temporal clusters. The MRSA were genotypically multidrug-resistant, consistently encoded seh, and intermittently (34/194) encoded an undisrupted hlb gene with concomitant absence of the lysogenic phage-encoded genes sak and scn. All MRSA also harboured a characteristic ~5350 nt insertion in SCCmec adjacent to orfX. Detailed demographic data from Denmark showed that there, the clone is typically (25/35) found in the community, and often (10/35) among individuals with links to South-Eastern Europe. This study elucidated the evolution and epidemiology of European CC1-MRSA-IV, which emerged from a meticillin-susceptible lineage prevalent in North-Eastern Romania before disseminating rapidly throughout Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Earls
- Microbiology Research Unit, Division of Oral Biosciences, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eike J Steinig
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stefan Monecke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty "Carl Gustav Carus", Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Alexandra Simbeck
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wulf Schneider-Brachert
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Teodora Vremerǎ
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Preventive and Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T Popa", Iaşi, Romania
| | - Olivia S Dorneanu
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Preventive and Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T Popa", Iaşi, Romania
| | - Igor Loncaric
- Institute of Microbiology, Department for Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michèle Bes
- Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alicia Lacoma
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Cristina Prat Aymerich
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.,Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Anita Blomfeldt
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Sebastian Duchene
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mette D Bartels
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - David C Coleman
- Microbiology Research Unit, Division of Oral Biosciences, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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18
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Ewbank AC, Esperón F, Sacristán C, Sacristán I, Neves E, Costa-Silva S, Antonelli M, Rocha Lorenço J, Kolesnikovas CKM, Catão-Dias JL. Occurrence and Quantification of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in the Gastrointestinal Microbiome of Two Wild Seabird Species With Contrasting Behaviors. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:651781. [PMID: 33829054 PMCID: PMC8019699 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.651781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) are environmental pollutants and anthropization indicators. We evaluated human interference in the marine ecosystem through the ocurrence and quantification (real-time PCRs) of 21 plasmid-mediated ARGs in enema samples of 25 wild seabirds, upon admission into rehabilitation: kelp gull (Larus dominicanus, n = 14) and Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus, n = 11). Overall, higher resistance values were observed in kelp gulls (non-migratory coastal synanthropic) in comparison with Magellanic penguins (migratory pelagic non-synanthropic). There were significant differences between species (respectively, kelp gull and Magellanic penguin): ARGs occurrence (bla TEM [p = 0.032]; tetM [p = 0.015]; tetA [p = 0.003]; and sulII [p = 0.007]), mean number of ARGs per sample (p = 0.031), ARGs mean load percentage (aadA [p = 0.045], tetA [p = 0.031], tetM [p = 0.016], bla TEM [p = 0.032], sulII [p = 0.008]), percentage of genes conferring resistance to an antimicrobial class (betalactams [p = 0.036] and sulfonamides [p = 0.033]), mean number of genes conferring resistance to one or more antimicrobial classes (p = 0.024]), percentage of multiresistant microbiomes (p = 0.032), and clustering (p = 0.006). These differences are likely due to these species' contrasting biology and ecology - key factors in the epidemiology of ARGs in seabirds. Additionally, this is the first report of mecA in seabirds in the Americas. Further studies are necessary to clarify the occurrence and diversity of ARGs in seabirds, and their role as potential sources of infection and dispersal within the One Health chain of ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Ewbank
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Esperón
- Group of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Animal Health Research Centre (INIA-CISA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Sacristán
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Irene Sacristán
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elena Neves
- Group of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Animal Health Research Centre (INIA-CISA), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - José Luiz Catão-Dias
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Athanasakopoulou Z, Tsilipounidaki K, Sofia M, Chatzopoulos DC, Giannakopoulos A, Karakousis I, Giannakis V, Spyrou V, Touloudi A, Satra M, Galamatis D, Diamantopoulos V, Mpellou S, Petinaki E, Billinis C. Poultry and Wild Birds as a Reservoir of CMY-2 Producing Escherichia coli: The First Large-Scale Study in Greece. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10030235. [PMID: 33652621 PMCID: PMC7996950 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance mediated by β-lactamases is a globally spread menace. The aim of the present study was to determine the occurrence of Escherichia coli producing plasmid-encoded AmpC β-lactamases (pAmpC) in animals. Fecal samples from chickens (n = 159), cattle (n = 104), pigs (n = 214), and various wild bird species (n = 168), collected from different Greek regions during 2018-2020, were screened for the presence of pAmpC-encoding genes. Thirteen E. coli displaying resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and a positive AmpC confirmation test were detected. blaCMY-2 was the sole pAmpC gene identified in 12 chickens' and 1 wild bird (Eurasian magpie) isolates and was in all cases linked to an upstream ISEcp1-like element. The isolates were classified into five different sequence types: ST131, ST117, ST155, ST429, and ST1415. Four chickens' stains were assigned to ST131, while five chickens' strains and the one from the Eurasian magpie belonged to ST117. Seven pAmpC isolates co-harbored genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines (tetM, tetB, tetC, tetD), 3 carried sulfonamide resistance genes (sulI and sulII), and 10 displayed mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA (S83L+D87N) and parC (S80I+E84V). This report provides evidence of pAmpC dissemination, describing for the first time the presence of CMY-2 in chickens and wild birds from Greece.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Athanasakopoulou
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (Z.A.); (M.S.); (D.C.C.); (A.G.); (A.T.)
| | | | - Marina Sofia
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (Z.A.); (M.S.); (D.C.C.); (A.G.); (A.T.)
| | - Dimitris C. Chatzopoulos
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (Z.A.); (M.S.); (D.C.C.); (A.G.); (A.T.)
| | - Alexios Giannakopoulos
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (Z.A.); (M.S.); (D.C.C.); (A.G.); (A.T.)
| | | | | | - Vassiliki Spyrou
- Faculty of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Antonia Touloudi
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (Z.A.); (M.S.); (D.C.C.); (A.G.); (A.T.)
| | - Maria Satra
- Faculty of Public and Integrated Health, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Galamatis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ELGO DIMITRA), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | | | - Spyridoula Mpellou
- Bioefarmoges Eleftheriou LP-Integrated Mosquito Control, 19007 Marathon, Greece;
| | - Efthymia Petinaki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (K.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Charalambos Billinis
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (Z.A.); (M.S.); (D.C.C.); (A.G.); (A.T.)
- Faculty of Public and Integrated Health, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece;
- Correspondence:
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20
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Monecke S, König E, Earls MR, Leitner E, Müller E, Wagner GE, Poitz DM, Jatzwauk L, Vremerǎ T, Dorneanu OS, Simbeck A, Ambrosch A, Zollner-Schwetz I, Krause R, Ruppitsch W, Schneider-Brachert W, Coleman DC, Steinmetz I, Ehricht R. An epidemic CC1-MRSA-IV clone yields false-negative test results in molecular MRSA identification assays: a note of caution, Austria, Germany, Ireland, 2020. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25. [PMID: 32613938 PMCID: PMC7331142 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.25.2000929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated why a clinical meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolate yielded false-negative results with some commercial PCR tests for MRSA detection. We found that an epidemic European CC1-MRSA-IV clone generally exhibits this behaviour. The failure of the assays was attributable to a large insertion in the orfX/SCCmec integration site. To ensure the reliability of molecular MRSA tests, it is vital to monitor emergence of new SCCmec types and junction sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Monecke
- These authors contributed equally.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Jena, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty 'Carl Gustav Carus', Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany
| | - Elisabeth König
- Diagnostic and Research Institute for Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Megan R Earls
- Microbiology Research Unit, Division of Oral Biosciences, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Eva Leitner
- Diagnostic and Research Institute for Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Elke Müller
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany
| | - Gabriel E Wagner
- Diagnostic and Research Institute for Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - David M Poitz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus', Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lutz Jatzwauk
- Department of Hospital Infection Control, University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus', Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Teodora Vremerǎ
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Preventive and Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Grigore T Popa', Iaşi, Romania
| | - Olivia S Dorneanu
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Preventive and Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Grigore T Popa', Iaşi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Simbeck
- Department of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Ambrosch
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology and Hygiene, Barmherzige Brüder Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ines Zollner-Schwetz
- Section of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Krause
- Section of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Werner Ruppitsch
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wulf Schneider-Brachert
- Department of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - David C Coleman
- Microbiology Research Unit, Division of Oral Biosciences, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ivo Steinmetz
- Diagnostic and Research Institute for Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Friedrich- Schiller University; Institute of Physical Chemistry, Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany
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21
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Kang Q, Wang X, Zhao J, Liu Z, Ji F, Chang H, Yang J, Hu S, Jia T, Wang X, Tang J, Dong G, Hu G, Wang J, Zhang Y, Qin J, Wang C. Multidrug-Resistant Proteus mirabilis isolates carrying bla OXA-1 and bla NDM-1 from wildlife in China: Increasing public health risk. Integr Zool 2020; 16:798-809. [PMID: 33289300 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in Proteus mirabilis clinical isolates is a growing public health concern and has serious implications for wildlife. What is the role of wildlife has been become one of the hot issues in disseminating antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Here, fifty-four P.mirabilis isolates from 12 different species were identified. Among them, 25 isolates were determined to be MDR by profile of antimicrobial susceptibility, 10 MDR P.mirabilis isolates were subjected to comparative genomic analysis by whole genome sequencing (WGS). Comprehensive analysis showed that chromosome of P.mirabilis isolates mainly carries multidrug-resistance complex elements harboring resistance to carbapenems genes blaOXA-1, blaNDM-1 and blaTEM-1. Class I integron is the insertion hotspot of IS26, it can be inserted into type I integron at different sites, thus forming a variety of multiple drug resistance decision sites. At the same time, Tn21, Tn7, SXT / R391 Mobile elements cause widespread spread of this drug resistance genes. In conclusion, P.mirabilis isolates from wildlife showed higher resistance to commonly used clinic drugs comparing to those from human. Therefore, wild animals carrying multidrug resistance (MDR) clinical isolates should be paid attention to by the public health. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Kang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, 7 Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, 7 Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Jianan Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, 7 Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, 7 Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Fang Ji
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, 7 Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Chang
- Institute of zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianchun Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, 7 Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijia Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, 7 Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, 100044, China
| | | | | | - Guoying Dong
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Guocheng Hu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanyu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Chengmin Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, 7 Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Saraiva MDMS, de Leon CMCG, Silva NMVD, Raso TF, Serafini PP, Givisiez PEN, Gebreyes WA, Oliveira CJBD. Staphylococcus sciuri as a Reservoir of mecA to Staphylococcus aureus in Non-Migratory Seabirds from a Remote Oceanic Island. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:553-561. [PMID: 32816627 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Genomic analysis of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain cultured from a non-migratory seabird at Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Brazilian oceanic islands) was carried out to investigate the potential origin of MRSA genetic determinants in an ecological setting with minimal or absent antimicrobial selective pressure, and minimal interaction with humans and domestic animals. Results: The study determined mecA gene homology and the phylogenetic relatedness with mecA described in Staphylococcus sciuri, which was the major Staphylococcus spp. cultured from the birds. Our findings corroborate in silico assumptions that the mecA gene in MRSA strains clinically relevant for humans and animals originates from S. sciuri ancestors. Conclusion: Coagulase-negative staphylococci seem to be natural reservoirs of methicillin-resistant genes to S. aureus, even in environments with very low antimicrobial selection pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tânia Freitas Raso
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Pereira Serafini
- National Center for Wild Bird Conservation and Research, Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | | | - Wondwossen Abebe Gebreyes
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Global One Health Initiative, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Celso José Bruno de Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraiba, Areia, Brazil.,Global One Health Initiative, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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23
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Antimicrobial Resistance Profile and Biofilm Production of Microorganisms Isolated from Oropharynx of Rupornis magnirostris (Gmelin, 1788) and Caracara plancus (Miller, 1777). Vet Med Int 2020; 2020:8888618. [PMID: 32695305 PMCID: PMC7368945 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8888618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this preliminary study was to identify microorganisms with antimicrobial resistance profile and biofilm producers in oropharynx of Rupornis magnirostris and Caracara plancus. Six R. magnirostris and six C. plancus maintained in Triage Center for Wild Animals (CETAS) facilities were studied. Coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS), enterobacteria, and yeasts were identified by the biochemical analysis or MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The resistance profile of the microorganisms was analyzed according to CLSI. The biofilm production was evaluated by Congo red and violet crystal staining methods. Among the 12 birds, 10 presented strains of CoPS and/or enterobacteria with resistance profile, such as methicillin-resistant CoPS (MR-CoPS), vancomycin-resistant CoPS (VR-CoPS), extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL), and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase- (KPC-) producing bacteria. Regards the fungal analysis, Candida spp., Cryptococcus spp., Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, R. glutinis, and Trichosporon coremiiforme were identified. All the Trichosporon coremiiforme strains were resistant to amphotericin B, as well as all the Rhodotorula mucilaginosa exhibited resistance to fluconazole. Related to the biofilm production, among the 8 CoPS, 27 enterobacteria, and 10 yeasts isolates, 3, 16, and 7 strains were biofilm producers, respectively. Thus, the presence of these microorganisms in birds of prey is worrisome, highlighting its possible influence in the spread of infections in urban centers.
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24
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Desvars-Larrive A, Ruppitsch W, Lepuschitz S, Szostak MP, Spergser J, Feßler AT, Schwarz S, Monecke S, Ehricht R, Walzer C, Loncaric I. Urban brown rats ( Rattus norvegicus) as possible source of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp., Vienna, Austria, 2016 and 2017. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 24. [PMID: 31411133 PMCID: PMC6693289 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.32.1900149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) are an important wildlife species in cities, where they live in close proximity to humans. However, few studies have investigated their role as reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Aim We intended to determine whether urban rats at two highly frequented sites in Vienna, Austria, carry extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and meticillin-resistant (MR) Staphylococcus spp. (MRS). Methods We surveyed the presence of antimicrobial resistance in 62 urban brown rats captured in 2016 and 2017 in Vienna, Austria. Intestinal and nasopharyngeal samples were cultured on selective media. We characterised the isolates and their antimicrobial properties using microbiological and genetic methods including disk diffusion, microarray analysis, sequencing, and detection and characterisation of plasmids. Results Eight multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and two extensively drug-resistant New Delhi metallo-β-lactamases-1 (NDM-1)-producing Enterobacter xiangfangensis ST114 (En. cloacae complex) were isolated from nine of 62 rats. Nine Enterobacteriaceae isolates harboured the blaCTX-M gene and one carried a plasmid-encoded ampC gene (blaCMY-2). Forty-four MRS were isolated from 37 rats; they belonged to seven different staphylococcal species: S. fleurettii, S. sciuri, S. aureus, S. pseudintermedius, S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus (all mecA-positive) and mecC-positive S. xylosus. Conclusion Our findings suggest that brown rats in cities are a potential source of multidrug-resistant bacteria, including carbapenem-resistant En. xiangfangensis ST114. Considering the increasing worldwide urbanisation, rodent control remains an important priority for health in modern cities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Monecke
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany.,Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany
| | - Chris Walzer
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, United States.,University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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25
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Loncaric I, Misic D, Szostak MP, Künzel F, Schäfer-Somi S, Spergser J. Broad-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant and/or Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Enterobacterales Associated with Canine and Feline Urogenital Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E387. [PMID: 32645942 PMCID: PMC7399855 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9070387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to characterize Enterobacterales resistant to 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins, carbapenems and/or fluoroquinolones, isolated from dogs and cats with urogenital infections. In total, 36 strains (Escherichia coli (n = 28), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 3), Serratia marcescens, Raoultella ornithinolytica, Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter portucalensis and Enterobacter cloacae (each n = 1)) were included in the present study, 28 from Austria and 8 from Serbia. Isolates were characterized by a polyphasic approach including susceptibility pheno- and genotyping and microarray-based assays. Escherichia (E.) coli isolates were additionally characterized by two-locus (fumC and fimH) sequence phylotyping and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) of selected isolates. MLST of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae isolates was also performed. Among E. coli, the most dominant phylogenetic group was B1 (27.8%), followed by C, (16.6%), A and Clade II (5.5% each), B2 and F (2.77% each). The most predominant β-lactam resistance genes were blaTEM (70%) and blaCTX-M (38.8%), blaCMY (25%). blaNDM was detected in one carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae ST114. The most common ST among selected E. coli was 744 (10.7% isolates). The pandemic clones ST131 and ST648 carrying CTX-M-15 were also detected. Remaining STs belonged to 469, 1287, 1463 and 1642. E. coli clonotyping revealed 20 CH types. Based on the presence of certain virulence genes, three isolates were categorized as ExPEC/UPEC. The most prevalent virulence factors were fimH detected in 61%, iucD and iss both in 55%, iroN in 27.8%, papC in 13.8% and sat in 8.3% isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Loncaric
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Dusan Misic
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Michael P. Szostak
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Frank Künzel
- Clinic for Small Animals, Internal Medicine Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Sabine Schäfer-Somi
- Department for Small Animals and Horses, Platform for AI and ET, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.S.); (J.S.)
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Molecular Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus Lineages in Wild Animals in Europe: A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9030122. [PMID: 32183272 PMCID: PMC7148531 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9030122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunist pathogen that is responsible for numerous types of infections. S. aureus is known for its ability to easily acquire antibiotic resistance determinants. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a leading cause of infections both in humans and animals and is usually associated with a multidrug-resistant profile. MRSA dissemination is increasing due to its capability of establishing new reservoirs and has been found in humans, animals and the environment. Despite the fact that the information on the incidence of MRSA in the environment and, in particular, in wild animals, is scarce, some studies have reported the presence of these strains among wildlife with no direct contact with antibiotics. This shows a possible transmission between species and, consequently, a public health concern. The aim of this review is to better understand the distribution, prevalence and molecular lineages of MRSA in European free-living animals.
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Trimmel NE, Walzer C. Infectious Wildlife Diseases in Austria-A Literature Review From 1980 Until 2017. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:3. [PMID: 32154271 PMCID: PMC7046627 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This literature review examines infectious wildlife disease research in Austria. We analyzed 226 research papers, published between 1980 and 2017. We determined that wildlife disease papers increased significantly from 0.8 ± 0.8 publications per year in the first decade (1980–1989) when compared to 2008–2017 with an average of 12.9 ± 4.1 publications per year. We illustrate information about the most investigated diseases and highlight the lack of research into certain wildlife pathogens. A special emphasis was given to diseases with zoonotic potential. The review showed that research focused on a few select species like the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), red deer (Cervus elaphus), and wild boar (Sus scrofa), all game species. Moreover, diseases affecting livestock and human health were seen more often. The review also found that only a low number of publications actually stated disease prevalence and confidence interval data. The reported diseases identified were classified according to their notifiable status and the distribution at the wildlife–human and wildlife–livestock interface. Furthermore, we try to argue why research into some diseases is prioritized, and why other diseases are underrepresented in current Austrian research. While spatiotemporal indicators could not be assessed due to the variability in methodologies and objectives of various studies, the information provided by this review offers the first comprehensive evaluation of the status of infectious wildlife disease research in Austria. Therefore, this study could assist investigators to identify further areas of priorities for research and conservation efforts and for wildlife management professionals to inform policy and funding strategies. With this review, we want to encourage research in the field of wildlife diseases in Austria to enhance current knowledge in the prevention of further loss in biodiversity and to find new measures to promote “One Health” on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Eva Trimmel
- Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chris Walzer
- Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY, United States
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Kutkowska J, Turska-Szewczuk A, Kucharczyk M, Kucharczyk H, Zalewska J, Urbanik-Sypniewska T. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and glycopeptide-resistant enterococci in fecal samples of birds from South-Eastern Poland. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:472. [PMID: 31888629 PMCID: PMC6937698 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2221-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of human infection and colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) has increased in the recent years. Environmental sources, including bird droppings, might play an important role as resistance reservoirs. Results Fresh fecal samples were collected from rooks and wild-living birds during the autumn-winter period of 2016/2017, and tested for the presence of bacteria associated with human diseases. Besides bacteria representing the genera Enterococcus, Campylobacter, Escherichia, and Staphylococcus, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Proteus, Hafnia, and Pseudomonas were also identified. The susceptibility of S. aureus and Enterococcus spp. isolates to methicillin, and vancomycin and teicoplanin, respectively, was analyzed to assess the avian wildlife as a reservoir of MRSA and VRE strains. Twenty-two percent of all S. aureus isolates were methicillin-resistant. These strains were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using the most widely used primer sets specific for the mecA gene. Twenty percent of all Enterococcus strains were phenotypically vancomycin-resistant. The presence of van resistance genes in these strains was investigated by PCR using vanA and vanB gene-specific primers. A good correlation between mecA gene detection and disc diffusion data was observed, while some discrepancy was noted between the PCR data and the vancomycin/teicoplanin phenotypic resistance pattern. The incidence of strains resistant to methicillin and glycopeptide antibiotics in wild-living birds was twice that in rooks. Conclusions The study suggests that rooks from urban areas and passerine birds from the natural habitat carry antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus spp. and S. aureus strains, probably reflecting the presence of such isolates in the environmental food sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Kutkowska
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Turska-Szewczuk
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marek Kucharczyk
- Department of Nature Protection, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Halina Kucharczyk
- Department of Zoology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Zalewska
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Teresa Urbanik-Sypniewska
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
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Baldi M, Barquero Calvo E, Hutter SE, Walzer C. Salmonellosis detection and evidence of antibiotic resistance in an urban raccoon population in a highly populated area, Costa Rica. Zoonoses Public Health 2019; 66:852-860. [PMID: 31359623 PMCID: PMC6852039 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Wild animals are involved in zoonotic disease transmission cycles. These are generally complex and poorly understood, especially among animals adapted to life in human ecosystems. Raccoons are reservoirs and effective carriers for infectious agents such as Salmonella throughout different environments and contribute to the transference of resistance genes. This study examined the presence of circulating Salmonella sp. in a population of raccoons in a tropical urban environment and evaluated resistance to antibiotics commonly used to treat salmonellosis. A total of 97 raccoons of different ages and sex were included in this study. 49% (38-60 CI) of the faecal samples were positive for Salmonella spp. The study identified 15 circulating serovars with the most prevalent being S. Hartford (7/15), S. Typhimurium (4/15) and S. Bovismorbificans (4/15). These serovars correspond to the serovars detected in humans with clinical symptoms in Costa Rica. 9.5% of the Salmonella strains recovered demonstrated ciprofloxacin resistance, and 7.1% showed resistance to nalidixic acid. This study provides evidence of multiple Salmonella serovars circulating in a population of urban raccoons in Costa Rica. Furthermore, the study confirms the existence of antimicrobial resistance to two antibiotics used to treat human salmonellosis. The findings emphasize the role of the raccoon as a reservoir of Salmonella in the Greater Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica (GAM) and stress the need for active monitoring of the presence and possible spread in antibiotic resistance due to this peri-domestic carnivore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Baldi
- Research Institute of Wildlife EcologyUniversity of Veterinary MedicineViennaAustria
- Tropical Diseases Research Program, School of Veterinary MedicineNational UniversityHerediaCosta Rica
| | - Elías Barquero Calvo
- Tropical Diseases Research Program, School of Veterinary MedicineNational UniversityHerediaCosta Rica
| | - Sabine E. Hutter
- Institute of Veterinary Public HealthUniversity of Veterinary, MedicineViennaAustria
- National Animal Health Service (SENASA)Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAG)HerediaCosta Rica
| | - Chris Walzer
- Research Institute of Wildlife EcologyUniversity of Veterinary MedicineViennaAustria
- Wildlife Conservation SocietyWildlife Health ProgramBronxNYUSA
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Defining and combating antibiotic resistance from One Health and Global Health perspectives. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:1432-1442. [PMID: 31439928 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 503] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Several interconnected human, animal and environmental habitats can contribute to the emergence, evolution and spread of antibiotic resistance, and the health of these contiguous habitats (the focus of the One Health approach) may represent a risk to human health. Additionally, the expansion of resistant clones and antibiotic resistance determinants among human-associated, animal-associated and environmental microbiomes have the potential to alter bacterial population genetics at local and global levels, thereby modifying the structure, and eventually the productivity, of microbiomes where antibiotic-resistant bacteria can expand. Conversely, any change in these habitats (including pollution by antibiotics or by antibiotic-resistant organisms) may influence the structures of their associated bacterial populations, which might affect the spread of antibiotic resistance to, and among, the above-mentioned microbiomes. Besides local transmission among connected habitats-the focus of studies under the One Health concept-the transmission of resistant microorganisms might occur on a broader (even worldwide) scale, requiring coordinated Global Health actions. This Review provides updated information on the elements involved in the evolution and spread of antibiotic resistance at local and global levels, and proposes studies to be performed and strategies to be followed that may help reduce the burden of antibiotic resistance as well as its impact on human and planetary health.
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31
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Sellera FP. Epidemiological implications of drug-resistant bacteria in wildlife rehabilitation centers. J Infect Public Health 2019; 12:748-749. [PMID: 31230952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio P Sellera
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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32
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Loncaric I, Lepuschitz S, Ruppitsch W, Trstan A, Andreadis T, Bouchlis N, Marbach H, Schauer B, Szostak MP, Feßler AT, Künzel F, Licka T, Springer B, Allerberger F, Monecke S, Ehricht R, Schwarz S, Spergser J. Increased genetic diversity of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from companion animals. Vet Microbiol 2019; 235:118-126. [PMID: 31282369 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the diversity of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) that originated from Austrian companion animals during the last five-year period. A total of 90 non-repetitive MRSA isolates were obtained during diagnostic activities from autumn 2013 to autumn 2018. They originated from horses (n = 62), cats (n = 13), dogs (n = 10), rabbits (n = 2), a domestic canary, a zoo-kept hammer-headed bat (Hypsignathus monstrosus) and a semi-captive northern bald ibis (Geronticus eremita). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed. All isolates were mecA-positive and mecC-negative. The isolates were genotyped by SCCmec, spa and dru typing, Multiple-Locus Variable number of tandem repeat Analyses (MLVA), S. aureus DNA microarray, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Eight sequence types (STs - ST398, ST5275 (new ST), ST225, ST8, ST22, ST152, ST1, and ST45), three SCCmec types (II, IV, and V), sixteen spa types (t003, t008, t011, t015, t032, t034, t1381, t1928, t1985, t223, t334, t355, t430, t6447, t6867, and t7105), fourteen dru types (dt10a, dt10az, dt10q, dt10r, dt11a, dt5e, dt6j, dt9a, dt9ak, dt9g, and four new types dt8as, dt7ak, dt4j, dt14n), and thirty-five MLVA types were detected. WGS-based core genome MLST (cgMLST) displayed five main clusters. Compared to the time period 2004-2013, the results of the present study show not only a higher diversity among the MRSA isolates within the population of Austrian companion animals, but also the introduction of new clones. Although ST398 isolates remained predominant, mainly due to high presence of this lineage among horses, increasing isolation rates of human-associated MRSA clones were observed in cats and dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Loncaric
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sarah Lepuschitz
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner Ruppitsch
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alan Trstan
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Andreadis
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolaos Bouchlis
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helene Marbach
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Schauer
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael P Szostak
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea T Feßler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre of Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Künzel
- Clinical Unit of Internal Medicine Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresia Licka
- Clinical Unit of Equine Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Burkhard Springer
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Allerberger
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Monecke
- InfectoGnostics research campus, Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- InfectoGnostics research campus, Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre of Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre of Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Hassell JM, Ward MJ, Muloi D, Bettridge JM, Robinson TP, Kariuki S, Ogendo A, Kiiru J, Imboma T, Kang'ethe EK, Öghren EM, Williams NJ, Begon M, Woolhouse MEJ, Fèvre EM. Clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance at the wildlife-livestock-human interface in Nairobi: an epidemiological study. Lancet Planet Health 2019; 3:e259-e269. [PMID: 31229001 PMCID: PMC6630895 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(19)30083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance is one of the great challenges facing global health security in the modern era. Wildlife, particularly those that use urban environments, are an important but understudied component of epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance. We investigated antimicrobial resistance overlap between sympatric wildlife, humans, livestock, and their shared environment across the developing city of Nairobi, Kenya. We use these data to examine the role of urban wildlife in the spread of clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance. METHODS 99 households across Nairobi were randomly selected on the basis of socioeconomic stratification. A detailed survey was administered to household occupants, and samples (n=2102) were collected from the faeces of 75 wildlife species inhabiting household compounds (ie, the household and its perimeter; n=849), 13 livestock species (n=656), and humans (n=333), and from the external environment (n=288). Escherichia coli, our sentinel organism, was cultured and a single isolate from each sample tested for sensitivity to 13 antibiotics. Diversity of antimicrobial resistant phenotypes was compared between urban wildlife, humans, livestock, and the environment, to investigate whether wildlife are a net source for antimicrobial resistance in Nairobi. Generalised linear mixed models were used to determine whether the prevalence of antimicrobial resistant phenotypes and multidrug-resistant E coli carriage in urban wildlife is linked to variation in ecological traits, such as foraging behaviour, and to determine household-level risk factors for sharing of antimicrobial resistance between humans, wildlife, and livestock. FINDINGS E coli were isolated from 485 samples collected from wildlife between Sept 6,2015, and Sept 28, 2016. Wildlife carried a low prevalence of E coli isolates susceptible to all antibiotics tested (45 [9%] of 485 samples) and a high prevalence of clinically relevant multidrug resistance (252 [52%] of 485 samples), which varied between taxa and by foraging traits. Multiple isolates were resistant to one agent from at least seven antimicrobial classes tested for, and a single isolate was resistant to all antibiotics tested for in the study. The phenotypic diversity of antimicrobial-resistant E coli in wildlife was lower than in livestock, humans, and the environment. Within household compounds, statistical models identified two interfaces for exchange of antimicrobial resistance: between both rodents, humans and their rubbish, and seed-eating birds, humans and their rubbish; and between seed-eating birds, cattle, and bovine manure. INTERPRETATION Urban wildlife carry a high burden of clinically relevant antimicrobial-resistant E coli in Nairobi, exhibiting resistance to drugs considered crucial for human medicine by WHO. Identifiable traits of the wildlife contribute to this exposure; however, compared with humans, livestock, and the environment, low phenotypic diversity in wildlife is consistent with the hypothesis that wildlife are a net sink rather than source of clinically relevant resistance. Wildlife that interact closely with humans, livestock, and both human and livestock waste within households, are exposed to more antimicrobial resistant phenotypes, and could therefore act as conduits for the dissemination of clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance to the wider environment. These results provide novel insight into the broader epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in complex urban environments, characteristic of lower-middle-income countries. FUNDING UK Medical Research Council and CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Hassell
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK; International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Melissa J Ward
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Dishon Muloi
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Judy M Bettridge
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK; International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Sam Kariuki
- Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Allan Ogendo
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John Kiiru
- Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | - Elin M Öghren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicola J Williams
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Michael Begon
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mark E J Woolhouse
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eric M Fèvre
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK; International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
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Wang J, Ma ZB, Zeng ZL, Yang XW, Huang Y, Liu JH. The role of wildlife (wild birds) in the global transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes. Zool Res 2019; 38:55-80. [PMID: 28409502 PMCID: PMC5396029 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2017.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is an urgent global health challenge in human and veterinary medicine. Wild animals are not directly exposed to clinically relevant antibiotics; however, antibacterial resistance in wild animals has been increasingly reported worldwide in parallel to the situation in human and veterinary medicine. This underlies the complexity of bacterial resistance in wild animals and the possible interspecies transmission between humans, domestic animals, the environment, and wildlife. This review summarizes the current data on expanded-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC β-lactamase, carbapenemase, and colistin resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae isolates of wildlife origin. The aim of this review is to better understand the important role of wild animals as reservoirs and vectors in the global dissemination of crucial clinical antibacterial resistance. In this regard, continued surveillance is urgently needed worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen-Bao Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen-Ling Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xue-Wen Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jian-Hua Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Abstract
Multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli has become a worrying issue that is increasingly observed in human but also in veterinary medicine worldwide. E. coli is intrinsically susceptible to almost all clinically relevant antimicrobial agents, but this bacterial species has a great capacity to accumulate resistance genes, mostly through horizontal gene transfer. The most problematic mechanisms in E. coli correspond to the acquisition of genes coding for extended-spectrum β-lactamases (conferring resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins), carbapenemases (conferring resistance to carbapenems), 16S rRNA methylases (conferring pan-resistance to aminoglycosides), plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes (conferring resistance to [fluoro]quinolones), and mcr genes (conferring resistance to polymyxins). Although the spread of carbapenemase genes has been mainly recognized in the human sector but poorly recognized in animals, colistin resistance in E. coli seems rather to be related to the use of colistin in veterinary medicine on a global scale. For the other resistance traits, their cross-transfer between the human and animal sectors still remains controversial even though genomic investigations indicate that extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers encountered in animals are distinct from those affecting humans. In addition, E. coli of animal origin often also show resistances to other-mostly older-antimicrobial agents, including tetracyclines, phenicols, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, and fosfomycin. Plasmids, especially multiresistance plasmids, but also other mobile genetic elements, such as transposons and gene cassettes in class 1 and class 2 integrons, seem to play a major role in the dissemination of resistance genes. Of note, coselection and persistence of resistances to critically important antimicrobial agents in human medicine also occurs through the massive use of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine, such as tetracyclines or sulfonamides, as long as all those determinants are located on the same genetic elements.
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Earls MR, Shore AC, Brennan GI, Simbeck A, Schneider-Brachert W, Vremerǎ T, Dorneanu OS, Slickers P, Ehricht R, Monecke S, Coleman DC. A novel multidrug-resistant PVL-negative CC1-MRSA-IV clone emerging in Ireland and Germany likely originated in South-Eastern Europe. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 69:117-126. [PMID: 30677533 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the recent emergence of multidrug-resistant Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-negative CC1-MRSA-IV in Ireland and Germany. Ten CC1-MSSA and 139 CC1-MRSA isolates recovered in Ireland between 2004 and 2017 were investigated. These were compared to 21 German CC1-MRSA, 10 Romanian CC1-MSSA, five Romanian CC1-MRSA and two UAE CC1-MRSA, which were selected from an extensive global database, based on similar DNA microarray profiles to the Irish isolates. All isolates subsequently underwent whole-genome sequencing, core-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (cgSNP) analysis and enhanced SCCmec subtyping. Two PVL-negative clades (A and B1) were identified among four main clades. Clade A included 20 German isolates, 119 Irish isolates, and all Romanian MRSA and MSSA isolates, the latter of which differed from clade A MRSA by 47-130 cgSNPs. Eighty-six Irish clade A isolates formed a tight subclade (A1) exhibiting 0-49 pairwise cgSNPs, 80 of which harboured a 46 kb conjugative plasmid carrying both ileS2, encoding high-level mupirocin resistance, and qacA, encoding chlorhexidine resistance. The resistance genes aadE, aphA3 and sat were detected in all clade A MRSA and the majority (8/10) of clade A MSSA isolates. None of the clade A isolates harboured any enterotoxin genes other than seh, which is universally present in CC1. Clade B1 included the remaining German isolate, 17 Irish isolates and the two UAE isolates, all of which corresponded to the Western Australia MRSA-1 (WA MRSA-1) clone based on genotypic characteristics. MRSA within clades A and B1 differed by 188 cgSNPs and clade-specific SCCmec characteristics were identified, indicating independent acquisition of the SCCmec element. This study demonstrated the existence of a European PVL-negative CC1-MRSA-IV clone that is distinctly different from the well-defined PVL-negative CC1-MRSA-IV clone, WA MRSA-1. Furthermore, cgSNP analysis revealed that this newly defined clone may have originated in South-Eastern Europe, before spreading to both Ireland and Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Earls
- Microbiology Research Unit, Division of Oral Biosciences, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Anna C Shore
- Microbiology Research Unit, Division of Oral Biosciences, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Gráinne I Brennan
- National MRSA Reference Laboratory, St. James's Hospital, James's Street, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Alexandra Simbeck
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Wulf Schneider-Brachert
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Teodora Vremerǎ
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Preventive and Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine & Pharmacy "Grigore T Popa", Iaşi, Romania.
| | - Olivia S Dorneanu
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Preventive and Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine & Pharmacy "Grigore T Popa", Iaşi, Romania.
| | - Peter Slickers
- Abbott (Alere Technologies GmbH), Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany.
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Stefan Monecke
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty "Carl Gustav Carus", Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - David C Coleman
- Microbiology Research Unit, Division of Oral Biosciences, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Akinduti PA, Olasehinde GI, Ejilude O, Taiwo OS, Obafemi YD. Fecal carriage and phylodiversity of community-acquired bla TEM Enteric bacilli in Southwest Nigeria. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 11:2425-2433. [PMID: 30568469 PMCID: PMC6267359 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s178243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Increasing rates of clonal spread of fecal blaTEM bacilli remains a huge concern to the community health with resultant high morbidity. The fecal carriage and clonal diversity of blaTEM within the communities in Southwest Nigeria were surveyed. Materials and methods Enteric bacilli obtained from fresh fecal samples randomly collected from community residents were biotyped and profiled for antibiotic susceptibility. Resistant strains were typed for beta-lactamase, extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), AmpC and carbapenemase production while the R-plasmid carriage was detected and mating activities were examined. The presence of blaTEM gene was assayed by PCR and its phylodiversity determined with 16sRNA genomic profiling. Results Escherichia coli have the highest (28.6%) occurrence rate and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20.5%) showing significant resistance to beta-lactamase inhibitors (ampicillin, cefuroxime and cefotaxime), and high-level multidrug resistance of more than 15.2% rate to ampicillin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, tetracycline and imipenem. E. coli and Klebsiella oxytoca, are the highest beta-lactamase, ESBL and AmpC producers encoded with high molecular weight R-plasmid (>11.0 kbp) and significant rate of conjugation and transformational activities. Only 2/14, 1/13 and 1/6 ESBL-type of E. coli, K. oxytoca and Enterobacter cloaca, expressed blaTEM gene, clustering into five different phylodiverse groups with close genomic relatedness with other bacilli. Conclusion This is an indication of clonal dissemination of ESBL blaTEM encoded enteric bacilli having high phylodiverse characteristics through fecal carriage in the Nigerian community which requires public health education, food and environmental hygiene for its prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Akinniyi Akinduti
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Otta, Nigeria,
| | - Grace Iyabo Olasehinde
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Otta, Nigeria,
| | - Oluwaseun Ejilude
- Microbiology Unit, Sacred Heart Hospital, Lantoro, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Olugbenga Samson Taiwo
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Otta, Nigeria,
| | - Yemisi Dorcas Obafemi
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Otta, Nigeria,
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Janecko N, Halova D, Jamborova I, Papousek I, Masarikova M, Dolejska M, Literak I. Occurrence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. recovered from Corvus brachyrhynchos and Corvus corax roosting in Canada. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 67:130-135. [PMID: 29675942 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The spread of antimicrobial resistance from human activity derived sources to natural habitats implicates wildlife as potential vectors of antimicrobial resistance transfer. Wild birds, including corvid species can disseminate mobile genetic resistance determinants through faeces. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates obtained from winter roosting sites of American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) and common ravens (Corvus corax) in Canada. Faecal swabs were collected at five roosting sites across Canada. Selective media isolation and multiplex PCR screening was utilized to identify PMQR genes followed by gene sequencing, pulse-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing to characterize isolates. Despite the low prevalence of E. coli containing PMQR (1·3%, 6/449), qnrS1, qnrB19, qnrC, oqxAB and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes were found in five sequence types (ST), including E. coli ST 131. Conversely, one isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae contained the plasmid-mediated resistance gene qnrB19. Five different K. pneumoniae STs were identified, including two novel types. The occurrence of PMQR genes and STs of public health significance in E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae recovered from corvids gives further evidence of the anthropogenic derived dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants at the human activity-wildlife-environment interface. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study examined large corvids as possible vector species for the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in indicator and pathogenic bacteria as a means to assess the anthropogenic dissemination of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes. Although rare, PMQR genes were found among corvid populations across Canada. The clinically important Escherichia coli strain ST131 containing aac(6')-Ib-cr gene along with a four-class phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pattern as well as one Klebsiella pneumoniae strain containing a qnrB19 gene were identified in one geographical location. Corvids are a viable vector for the circulation of PMQR genes and clinically important clones in wide-ranging environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Janecko
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - D Halova
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - I Jamborova
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - I Papousek
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Masarikova
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Dolejska
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - I Literak
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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Feßler AT, Thomas P, Mühldorfer K, Grobbel M, Brombach J, Eichhorn I, Monecke S, Ehricht R, Schwarz S. Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from zoo and wild animals. Vet Microbiol 2018; 218:98-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii among horses entering a veterinary teaching hospital: The contemporary "Trojan Horse". PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191873. [PMID: 29381714 PMCID: PMC5790241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens frequently associated with multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotypes, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) and Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from horses admitted to horse clinics, pose a risk for animal patients and personnel in horse clinics. To estimate current rates of colonization, a total of 341 equine patients were screened for carriage of zoonotic indicator pathogens at hospital admission. Horses showing clinical signs associated with colic (n = 233) or open wounds (n = 108) were selected for microbiological examination of nostril swabs, faecal samples and wound swabs taken from the open wound group. The results showed alarming carriage rates of Gram-negative MDR pathogens in equine patients: 10.7% (34 of 318) of validated faecal specimens were positive for ESBL-E (94%: ESBL-producing Escherichia coli), with recorded rates of 10.5% for the colic and 11% for the open wound group. 92.7% of the ESBL-producing E. coli were phenotypically resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobials. A. baumannii was rarely detected (0.9%), and all faecal samples investigated were negative for Salmonella, both directly and after two enrichment steps. Screening results for the equine nostril swabs showed detection rates for ESBL-E of 3.4% among colic patients and 0.9% in the open wound group, with an average rate of 2.6% (9/340) for both indications. For all 41 ESBL-producing E. coli isolated, a broad heterogeneity was revealed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns and whole genome sequencing (WGS) -analysis. However, a predominance of sequence type complex (STC)10 and STC1250 was observed, including several novel STs. The most common genes associated with ESBL-production were identified as blaCTX-M-1 (31/41; 75.6%) and blaSHV-12 (24.4%). The results of this study reveal a disturbingly large fraction of multi-drug resistant and ESBL-producing E. coli among equine patients, posing a clear threat to established hygiene management systems and work-place safety of veterinary staff in horse clinics.
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Jena J, Debata NK, Sahoo RK, Gaur M, Subudhi E. Genetic diversity study of various β-lactamase-producing multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from a tertiary care hospital using ERIC-PCR. Indian J Med Res 2017; 146:S23-S29. [PMID: 29205192 PMCID: PMC5735567 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_575_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES The prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli isolates producing β-lactamase enzyme is a growing problem across the globe. Strain typing is an epidemiologically important tool not only for detecting the cross transmission of nosocomial pathogens but also for determining the source of infection. The present study was conducted to understand the clonal relationship among various β-lactamase-producing MDR E. coli isolates using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) polymerase chain reaction (PCR). METHODS A total of 41 MDR E. coli isolates were randomly collected from various clinical samples and processed. Isolated organisms were tested for antibiotics resistance pattern. Phenotypic detection of metallo β-lactamases (MBL) was carried out by the imipenem-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disc diffusion/double-disc synergy test. AmpC enzyme production was tested by a modified three-dimensional extract test. RESULTS Almost all isolates were found sensitive to colistin. A high percentage of drug resistance was observed in these isolates against ceftazidime (100%), cefotaxime (100%), cefepime (100%), ofloxacin (97.56%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (97.56%) and norfloxacin (85.36%). Of the 41 isolates, ESBL producers were found to be predominant, i.e., 22 (53.65%), followed by AmpC (6, 14.63%) and MBL (5, 12.19%). INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS At 60 per cent similarity cut-off value, the dendrogram analysis showed that there were a total of 14 unique clusters of ERIC (CL-1 - CL-14) within the 41 E. coli isolates, which revealed the genetic diversity existing between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanti Jena
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences & SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Nagen Kumar Debata
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences & SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Sahoo
- Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Mahendra Gaur
- Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Enketeswara Subudhi
- Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India
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Mrochen DM, Grumann D, Schulz D, Gumz J, Trübe P, Pritchett-Corning K, Johnson S, Nicklas W, Kirsch P, Martelet K, Brandt JVD, Berg S, Bröker BM, Wiles S, Holtfreter S. Global spread of mouse-adapted Staphylococcus aureus lineages CC1, CC15, and CC88 among mouse breeding facilities. Int J Med Microbiol 2017; 308:598-606. [PMID: 29174495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that laboratory mice from all global vendors are frequently colonized with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Genotyping of a snap sample of murine S. aureus isolates from Charles River, US, showed that mice were predominantly colonized with methicillin-sensitive CC88 strains. Here, we expanded our view and investigated whether laboratory mice from other global animal facilities are colonized with similar strains or novel S. aureus lineages, and whether the murine S. aureus isolates show features of host adaptation. In total, we genotyped 230 S. aureus isolates from various vendor facilities of laboratory mice around the globe (Charles River facilities in the USA, Canada, France, and Germany; another US facility) and university- or company-associated breeding facilities in Germany, China and New Zealand. Spa typing was performed to analyse the clonal relationship of the isolates. Moreover, multiplex PCRs were performed for human-specific virulence factors, the immune-evasion cluster (IEC) and superantigen genes (SAg). We found a total of 58 different spa types that clustered into 15 clonal complexes (CCs). Three of these S. aureus lineages had spread globally among laboratory mice and accounted for three quarters of the isolates: CC1 (13.5%), CC15 (14.3%), and CC88 (47.0%). Compared to human colonizing isolates of the same lineages, the murine isolates frequently lacked IEC genes and SAg genes on mobile genetic elements, implying long-term adaptation to the murine host. In conclusion, laboratory mice from various vendors are colonized with host-adapted S. aureus-strains of a few lineages, predominantly the CC88 lineage. S. aureus researchers must be cautioned that S. aureus colonization might be a relevant confounder in infection and vaccination studies and are therefore advised to screen their mice before experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Mrochen
- Department of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dorothee Grumann
- Department of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniel Schulz
- Department of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Janine Gumz
- Department of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Patricia Trübe
- Department of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Sarah Johnson
- Bioluminescent Superbugs Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Werner Nicklas
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Microbiological Diagnostics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Kirsch
- Tierforschungszentrum, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karine Martelet
- Charles River, 360 diagnostic (RADS France), L'Arbresle cedex, France
| | - Jens van den Brandt
- Central Core & Research Facility of Laboratory Animals, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sabine Berg
- Central Core & Research Facility of Laboratory Animals, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Barbara M Bröker
- Department of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Siouxsie Wiles
- Bioluminescent Superbugs Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, New Zealand
| | - Silva Holtfreter
- Department of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany.
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Wang J, Zhi CP, Chen XJ, Guo ZW, Liu WL, Luo J, Huang XY, Zeng L, Huang JW, Xia YB, Yi MY, Huang T, Zeng ZL, Liu JH. Characterization of oqxAB in Escherichia coli Isolates from Animals, Retail Meat, and Human Patients in Guangzhou, China. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1982. [PMID: 29081769 PMCID: PMC5645526 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and genetic elements of oqxAB among Escherichia coli isolates from animals, retail meat, and humans (patients with infection or colonization) in Guangzhou, China. A total of 1,354 E. coli isolates were screened for oqxAB by PCR. Fifty oqxAB-positive isolates were further characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), S1-PFGE, genetic environment analysis, plasmid replicon typing, and plasmid sequencing. oqxAB was detected in 172 (33.79%), 60 (17.34%), and 90 (18.07%) E. coli isolates from animal, food, and human, respectively. High clonal diversity was observed among oqxAB-positive isolates. In 21 oqxAB-containing transformants, oqxAB was flanked by two IS26 elements in the same orientation, formed a composite transposon Tn6010 in 19 transformants, and was located on plasmids (33.3~500 kb) belonging to IncN1-F33:A-:B- (n = 3), IncHI2/ST3 (n = 3), F-:A18:B- (n = 2), F-:A-:B54 (n = 2), or others. Additionally, oqxAB was co-located with multiple resistance genes on the same plasmid, such as aac(6')-Ib-cr and/or qnrS, which were identified in two F-:A18:B- plasmids from pigs, and blaCTX-M-55, rmtB, fosA3, and floR, which were detected in two N1-F33:A-:B- plasmids from patients. The two IncHI2/ST3 oqxAB-bearing plasmids, pHNLDF400 and pHNYJC8, which were isolated from human patient and chicken meat, respectively, contained a typical IncHI2-type backbone, and were similar to each other with 2-bp difference, and also showed 99% identity to the Salmonella Typhimurium oqxAB-carrying plasmids pHXY0908 (chicken) and pHK0653 (human patient). Horizontal transfer mediated by mobile elements may be the primary mechanism underlying oqxAB spread in E. coli isolates obtained from various sources in Guangzhou, China. The transmission of identical oqxAB-carrying IncHI2 plasmids between food products and humans might pose a serious threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chan-Ping Zhi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Wen Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wu-Ling Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yi Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Wei Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Bi Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Ying Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Teng Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Ling Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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de Oliveira DV, Nunes LS, Barth AL, Van Der Sand ST. Genetic Background of β-Lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Environmental Samples. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2017; 74:599-607. [PMID: 28378066 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-0970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae has increased worldwide. Although antibiotic-resistant bacteria are usually associated with hospitals, there are a growing number of reports of resistant bacteria in other environments. Concern about resistant microorganisms outside the hospital setting highlights the need to investigate mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in isolates collected from the environment. The present study evaluated the resistance mechanism to β-lactam antibiotics in 40 isolates from hospital sewage and surface water from the Dilúvio Stream, Porto Alegre City, Southern Brazil. The multiplex PCR technique was used to detect several resistance genes of β-lactamases: extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), carbapenemases, and β-lactamase AmpC. After genes, detection amplicons were sequenced to confirm their identification. The clonal relationship was established by DNA macrorestriction using the XbaI enzyme, followed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The results indicated that resistance genes were present in 85% of the isolates. The most prevalent genes encoded narrow-spectrum β-lactamase, such as TEM-1 and SHV-1 with 70% of the strains, followed by carbapenemase KPC and GES (45%), ESBL types SHV-5 and CTX-M-8 (27.5%), and AmpC (ACT-1/MIR-1) (2.5%). Twelve isolates contained only one resistance gene, 14 contained two, and eight isolates had three resistance genes. PFGE indicated a clonal relationship among K. pneumoniae isolates. It was not possible to establish a clonal relationship between Enterobacter sp. isolates. The results highlight the potential of these resistance genes to spread in the polluted environment and to present a health risk to communities. This report is the first description of these resistance genes present in environmental samples other than a hospital in the city of Porto Alegre/RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele V de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciana S Nunes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Resistência Bacteriana (LABRESIS), Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Afonso Luís Barth
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Resistência Bacteriana (LABRESIS), Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sueli T Van Der Sand
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Troxler S, Hess C, Konicek C, Knotek Z, Barták P, Hess M. Microdilution testing reveals considerable and diverse antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli, thermophilic Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. isolated from wild birds present in urban areas. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-017-1125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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46
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Loncaric I, Künzel F, Klang A, Wagner R, Licka T, Grunert T, Feßler AT, Geier-Dömling D, Rosengarten R, Müller E, Reissig A, Spergser J, Schwarz S, Ehricht R, Monecke S. Carriage of meticillin-resistant staphylococci between humans and animals on a small farm. Vet Dermatol 2017; 27:191-e48. [PMID: 27188770 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meticillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) are pathogens of increasing importance to human and animal health worldwide. Transmission of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) between animals and humans has been well documented. By contrast, information about transmission of other Staphylococcus spp. is limited. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to screen animals and humans on a small farm for nasal carriage of MRS and to assess interspecies exchange. METHODS After detection of MRSA in a lung sample of a deceased cat, which lived on a small mixed farm, nasal swabs were taken within two weeks, four and 16 months from other animals of various species and humans living on the farm. Swabs were cultured for MRS which were then characterized molecularly. RESULTS MRSA and meticillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci (MRCoNS), including Staphylococcus haemolyticus, S. epidermidis and S. fleurettii, were isolated from humans and different animal species. Typing of the MRS revealed isolates with the same characteristics in different human and animal hosts. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of carriage of both MRSA and MRCoNS among humans and various animals within a shared environment. The detection of strains with indistinguishable molecular characteristics strongly suggested transmission of these MRS between the various animal species and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Loncaric
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, Vienna, A-1210, Austria
| | - Frank Künzel
- Clinical Department for Small Animals and Horses, Clinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, Vienna, A-1210, Austria
| | - Andrea Klang
- Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Regina Wagner
- Vetderm-Service, Dr R Wagner GmbH, A-3820, Raabs, Austria
| | - Theresia Licka
- Clinical Department for Small Animals and Horses, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tom Grunert
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, Vienna, A-1210, Austria
| | - Andrea T Feßler
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Neustadt-Mariensee, Höltystrasse. 10, D-31535, Neustadt, Germany
| | | | - Renate Rosengarten
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, Vienna, A-1210, Austria
| | - Elke Müller
- Alere Technologies GmbH, Loebstedter Strasse 103-105, D-07749, Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Annett Reissig
- Alere Technologies GmbH, Loebstedter Strasse 103-105, D-07749, Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, Vienna, A-1210, Austria
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Neustadt-Mariensee, Höltystrasse. 10, D-31535, Neustadt, Germany
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Alere Technologies GmbH, Loebstedter Strasse 103-105, D-07749, Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Monecke
- Alere Technologies GmbH, Loebstedter Strasse 103-105, D-07749, Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743, Jena, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University of Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
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Mathys DA, Mathys BA, Mollenkopf DF, Daniels JB, Wittum TE. EnterobacteriaceaeHarboring AmpC (blaCMY) and ESBL (blaCTX-M) in Migratory and Nonmigratory Wild Songbird Populations on Ohio Dairies. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2017; 17:254-259. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2016.2038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitria A. Mathys
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Blake A. Mathys
- Division of Mathematics, Computer and Natural Sciences, Ohio Dominican University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Dixie F. Mollenkopf
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Joshua B. Daniels
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Thomas E. Wittum
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Hajiahmadi F, Ghale ES, Alikhani MY, Mordadi A, Arabestani MR. Detection of Integrons and Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Types in Clinical Methicillin-resistant Coagulase Negative Staphylococci Strains. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2017; 8:47-53. [PMID: 28443223 PMCID: PMC5402849 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.1.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Integrons are thought to play an important role in the spread of antibiotic resistance. This study investigates class 1 and 2 integron-positive methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci strains isolated in Iran and characterizes their patterns of antimicrobial resistance. Methods Hundred clinical isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci were characterized for integron content and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type. Results Sixteen isolates carried class 1 (intI1) integrons and four isolates carried class 2 (intI2) integrons. One resistance gene array was identified among the class 1 integrons (aadA1 cassette). The distribution of SCCmec types in 50 methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci strains showed that SCCmec types III and V dominated among the tested strains. Conclusion This is the first report of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci strains that carry two mobile genetic elements, including class 1 and 2 integrons and SCCmec, in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Hajiahmadi
- Department of Microbiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Elham Salimi Ghale
- Department of Microbiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Mordadi
- Department of Microbiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Arabestani
- Department of Microbiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Brucellosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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49
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Monecke S, Gavier-Widén D, Hotzel H, Peters M, Guenther S, Lazaris A, Loncaric I, Müller E, Reissig A, Ruppelt-Lorz A, Shore AC, Walter B, Coleman DC, Ehricht R. Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in European Wildlife. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168433. [PMID: 27992523 PMCID: PMC5161505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a well-known colonizer and cause of infection among animals and it has been described from numerous domestic and wild animal species. The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of S. aureus in a convenience sample of European wildlife and to review what previously has been observed in the subject field. 124 S. aureus isolates were collected from wildlife in Germany, Austria and Sweden; they were characterized by DNA microarray hybridization and, for isolates with novel hybridization patterns, by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The isolates were assigned to 29 clonal complexes and singleton sequence types (CC1, CC5, CC6, CC7, CC8, CC9, CC12, CC15, CC22, CC25, CC30, CC49, CC59, CC88, CC97, CC130, CC133, CC398, ST425, CC599, CC692, CC707, ST890, CC1956, ST2425, CC2671, ST2691, CC2767 and ST2963), some of which (ST2425, ST2691, ST2963) were not described previously. Resistance rates in wildlife strains were rather low and mecA-MRSA isolates were rare (n = 6). mecC-MRSA (n = 8) were identified from a fox, a fallow deer, hares and hedgehogs. The common cattle-associated lineages CC479 and CC705 were not detected in wildlife in the present study while, in contrast, a third common cattle lineage, CC97, was found to be common among cervids. No Staphylococcus argenteus or Staphylococcus schweitzeri-like isolates were found. Systematic studies are required to monitor the possible transmission of human- and livestock-associated S. aureus/MRSA to wildlife and vice versa as well as the possible transmission, by unprotected contact to animals. The prevalence of S. aureus/MRSA in wildlife as well as its population structures in different wildlife host species warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Monecke
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene (IMMH), Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Alere Technologies GmbH, Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Dolores Gavier-Widén
- Department of Pathology and Wildlife Disease, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Peters
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Westfalen, Standort Arnsberg, Arnsberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Guenther
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Veterinary Faculty, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandros Lazaris
- Microbiology Research Unit, Dublin Dental University Hospital, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Igor Loncaric
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke Müller
- Alere Technologies GmbH, Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany
| | - Annett Reissig
- Alere Technologies GmbH, Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany
| | - Antje Ruppelt-Lorz
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene (IMMH), Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna C. Shore
- Microbiology Research Unit, Dublin Dental University Hospital, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Birgit Walter
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Veterinary Faculty, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David C. Coleman
- Microbiology Research Unit, Dublin Dental University Hospital, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Alere Technologies GmbH, Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany
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Liu X, Liu H, Li Y, Hao C. High Prevalence of β-lactamase and Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes in Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia coli from Dogs in Shaanxi, China. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1843. [PMID: 27899921 PMCID: PMC5111280 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) and carbapenemases as well as plasmid-mediated quinolone-resistant (PMQR) among extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant (ESC-R) Escherichia coli from dogs in Shaanxi province in China. Methods: A total of 40 ESC-R Escherichia coli selected from 165 Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) isolated from dogs were screened and characterized for the genes encoding for the ESBLs, pAmpC, carbapenemases and PMQR genes by PCR and sequencing. Phylogenetic groups, virulence gene profiles and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were used to investigate the genetic background of the ESC-R E. coli isolates. Results: Among 40 ESC-R E. coli, the predominant β-lactamase gene was blaCTX−Ms (n = 35), and followed by blaTEM−1 (n = 31), blaSHV−12 (n = 14), blaOXA−48 (n = 8), blaTEM−30 (n = 4), blaCMY−2 (n = 3) and blaDHA−1 (n = 2). The most common specific blaCTX−M gene subtype was blaCTX−M−15 (n = 31), and followed by blaCTX−M−123 (n = 14), blaCTX−M−1 (n = 10), blaCTX−M−14 (n = 10) and blaCTX−M−9 (n = 7). PMQR genes were detected in 32 (80%) isolates, and the predominant PMQR gene was aac(6′)-Ib-cr (n = 26), followed by qnrS (n = 12), qnrD (n = 9), qnrB (n = 8), qepA (n = 4), and all PMQR genes were detected in co-existence with β-lactamase genes. traT (n = 34) and fimH (n = 32) were the most prevalent virulence genes, and virulence genes fimH, iutA, fyuA, malX, iha, and sat were more prevalent in phylogenetic group B2. The 40 ESC-R isolates analyzed were assigned to 22 sequence types (STs), and the clonal lineages ST131 (n = 10) and ST10 (n = 9) were the predominant STs. Conclusion: High prevalence of β-lantamases and PMQR genes were detected among ESC-R E. coli from companion animals. This is also the first description of the co-existence of six β-lantamase genes and five PMQR genes in one E. coli isolate. Moreover, 10 ST131 clones harboring CTX-M-15 were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University Yangling, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University Yangling, China
| | - Yinqian Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University Yangling, China
| | - Caiju Hao
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University Yangling, China
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