1
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Schiava M, Lofra RM, Bourke JP, James MK, Díaz-Manera J, Elseed MA, Michel-Sodhi J, Moat D, Mccallum M, Mayhew A, Ghimenton E, Díaz CFB, Malinova M, Wong K, Richardson M, Tasca G, Grover E, Robinson EJ, Tanner S, Eglon G, Behar L, Eagle M, Turner C, Verdú-Díaz J, Heslop E, Straub V, Bettolo CM, Guglieri M. Disease-associated comorbidities, medication records and anthropometric measures in adults with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2024; 41:8-19. [PMID: 38865917 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the comorbidities, associated factors, and the relationship between anthropometric measures and respiratory function and functional abilities in adults with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). This was a single-centre cross-sectional study in genetically diagnosed adults with DMD (>16 years old). Univariate and multivariate analyses identified factors associated with dysphagia, constipation, Body Mass Index (BMI), and weight. Regression analysis explored associations between BMI, weight, and respiratory/motor abilities. We included 112 individuals (23.4 ± 5.2 years old), glucocorticoid-treated 66.1 %. The comorbidities frequency was 61.6 % scoliosis (61.0 % of them had spinal surgery), 36.6 % dysphagia, 36.6 % constipation, and 27.8 % urinary conditions. The use of glucocorticoids delayed the time to spinal surgery. The univariate analysis revealed associations between dysphagia and constipation with age, lack of glucocorticoid treatment, and lower respiratory and motor function. In the multivariate analysis, impaired cough ability remained as the factor consistently linked to both conditions. Constipation associated with lower BMI and weight. BMI and weight positively correlated with respiratory parameters, but they did not associate with functional abilities. Glucocorticoids reduce the frequency of comorbidities in adults with DMD. The ability to cough can help identifying dysphagia and constipation. Lower BMI and weight in individuals with DMD with compromised respiratory function may suggest a higher calories requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianela Schiava
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Robert Muni Lofra
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - John P Bourke
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Meredith K James
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jordi Díaz-Manera
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Maha A Elseed
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jassi Michel-Sodhi
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dionne Moat
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michelle Mccallum
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anna Mayhew
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Elisabetta Ghimenton
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Carla Florencia Bolaño Díaz
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Monika Malinova
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Karen Wong
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mark Richardson
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Giorgio Tasca
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emma Grover
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emma-Jayne Robinson
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stephanie Tanner
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gail Eglon
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Laura Behar
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Catherine Turner
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - José Verdú-Díaz
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emma Heslop
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Volker Straub
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Chiara Marini Bettolo
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michela Guglieri
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
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2
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Krishna S, Quindry JC, Valentine RJ, Selsby JT. The Interaction of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Insulin Resistance. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2024; 52:31-38. [PMID: 38126403 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), caused by deficiency of functional dystrophin protein, is a fatal, progressive muscle disease that frequently includes metabolic dysregulation. Herein, we explore the physiologic consequences of dystrophin deficiency within the context of obesity and insulin resistance. We hypothesized that dystrophin deficiency increases the frequency of insulin resistance, and insulin resistance potentiates muscle pathology caused by dystrophin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathy Krishna
- Departments of Animal Science and Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - John C Quindry
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT
| | - Rudy J Valentine
- Departments of Animal Science and Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Joshua T Selsby
- Departments of Animal Science and Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Krishna S, Echevarria KG, Reed CH, Eo H, Wintzinger M, Quattrocelli M, Valentine RJ, Selsby JT. A fat- and sucrose-enriched diet causes metabolic alterations in mdx mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R692-R711. [PMID: 37811713 PMCID: PMC11178302 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00246.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a progressive muscle disease caused by the absence of functional dystrophin protein, is associated with multiple cellular, physiological, and metabolic dysfunctions. As an added complication to the primary insult, obesity/insulin resistance (O/IR) is frequently reported in patients with DMD; however, how IR impacts disease severity is unknown. We hypothesized a high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFHSD) would induce O/IR, exacerbate disease severity, and cause metabolic alterations in dystrophic mice. To test this hypothesis, we treated 7-wk-old mdx (disease model) and C57 mice with a control diet (CD) or an HFHSD for 15 wk. The HFHSD induced insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and hyperglycemia in C57 and mdx mice. Of note, mdx mice on CD were also insulin resistant. In addition, visceral adipose tissue weights were increased with HFHSD in C57 and mdx mice though differed by genotype. Serum creatine kinase activity and histopathological analyses using Masson's trichrome staining in the diaphragm indicated muscle damage was driven by dystrophin deficiency but was not augmented by diet. In addition, markers of inflammatory signaling, mitochondrial abundance, and autophagy were impacted by disease but not diet. Despite this, in addition to disease signatures in CD-fed mice, metabolomic and lipidomic analyses demonstrated a HFHSD caused some common changes in C57 and mdx mice and some unique signatures of O/IR within the context of dystrophin deficiency. In total, these data revealed that in mdx mice, 15 wk of HFHSD did not overtly exacerbate muscle injury but further impaired the metabolic status of dystrophic muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathy Krishna
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| | | | - Carter H Reed
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| | - Hyeyoon Eo
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| | - Michelle Wintzinger
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Mattia Quattrocelli
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Rudy J Valentine
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| | - Joshua T Selsby
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
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Cree T, Gomez TR, Timpani CA, Rybalka E, Price JT, Goodman CA. FKBP25 regulates myoblast viability and migration and is differentially expressed in in vivo models of muscle adaptation. FEBS J 2023; 290:4660-4678. [PMID: 37345229 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
FKBP25 (FKBP3 gene) is a dual-domain PPIase protein that consists of a C-terminal PPIase domain and an N-terminal basic tilted helix bundle (BTHB). The PPIase domain of FKBP25 has been shown to bind to microtubules, which has impacts upon microtubule polymerisation and cell cycle progression. Using quantitative proteomics, it was recently found that FKBP25 was expressed in the top 10% of the mouse skeletal muscle proteome. However, to date there have been few studies investigating the role of FKBP25 in non-transformed systems. As such, this study aimed to investigate potential roles for FKBP25 in myoblast viability, migration and differentiation and in adaptation of mature skeletal muscle. Doxycycline-inducible FKBP25 knockdown in C2C12 myoblasts revealed an increase in cell accumulation/viability and migration in vitro that was independent of alterations in tubulin dynamics; however, FKBP25 knockdown had no discernible impact on myoblast differentiation into myotubes. Finally, a series of in vivo models of muscle adaptation were assessed, where it was observed that FKBP25 protein expression was increased in hypertrophy and regeneration conditions (chronic mechanical overload and the mdx model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy) but decreased in an atrophy model (denervation). Overall, the findings of this study establish FKBP25 as a regulator of myoblast viability and migration, with possible implications for satellite cell proliferation and migration and muscle regeneration, and as a potential regulator of in vivo skeletal muscle adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabitha Cree
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Australia
| | - Tania Ruz Gomez
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cara A Timpani
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Australia
| | - Emma Rybalka
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Australia
| | - John T Price
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Australia
| | - Craig A Goodman
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Muscle Research (CMR), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Lorena MDSV, Santos EKD, Ferretti R, Nagana Gowda GA, Odom GL, Chamberlain JS, Matsumura CY. Biomarkers for Duchenne muscular dystrophy progression: impact of age in the mdx tongue spared muscle. Skelet Muscle 2023; 13:16. [PMID: 37705069 PMCID: PMC10500803 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-023-00325-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe form of muscular dystrophy without an effective treatment, caused by mutations in the DMD gene, leading to the absence of dystrophin. DMD results in muscle weakness, loss of ambulation, and death at an early age. Metabolomics studies in mdx mice, the most used model for DMD, reveal changes in metabolites associated with muscle degeneration and aging. In DMD, the tongue muscles exhibit unique behavior, initially showing partial protection against inflammation but later experiencing fibrosis and loss of muscle fibers. Certain metabolites and proteins, like TNF-α and TGF-β, are potential biomarkers for dystrophic muscle characterization. METHODS To investigate disease progression and aging, we utilized young (1 month old) and old (21-25 months old) mdx and wild-type tongue muscles. Metabolite changes were analyzed using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, while TNF-α and TGF-β were assessed using Western blotting to examine inflammation and fibrosis. Morphometric analysis was conducted to assess the extent of myofiber damage between groups. RESULTS The histological analysis of the mid-belly tongue showed no differences between groups. No differences were found between the concentrations of metabolites from wild-type or mdx whole tongues of the same age. The metabolites alanine, methionine, and 3-methylhistidine were higher, and taurine and glycerol were lower in young tongues in both wild type and mdx (p < 0.001). The metabolites glycine (p < 0.001) and glutamic acid (p = 0.0018) were different only in the mdx groups, being higher in young mdx mice. Acetic acid, phosphocreatine, isoleucine, succinic acid, creatine, and the proteins TNF-α and TGF-β had no difference in the analysis between groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Surprisingly, histological, metabolite, and protein analysis reveal that the tongue of old mdx remains partially spared from the severe myonecrosis observed in other muscles. The metabolites alanine, methionine, 3-methylhistidine, taurine, and glycerol may be effective for specific assessments, although their use for disease progression monitoring should be cautious due to age-related changes in the tongue muscle. Acetic acid, phosphocreatine, isoleucine, succinate, creatine, TNF-α, and TGF-β do not vary with aging and remain constant in spared muscles, suggesting their potential as specific biomarkers for DMD progression independent of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Dos Santos Voltani Lorena
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Estela Kato Dos Santos
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Ferretti
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G A Nagana Gowda
- Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Guy L Odom
- Department of Neurology, Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Chamberlain
- Department of Neurology, Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cintia Yuri Matsumura
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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6
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Lloyd EM, Pinniger GJ, Murphy RM, Grounds MD. Slow or fast: Implications of myofibre type and associated differences for manifestation of neuromuscular disorders. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 238:e14012. [PMID: 37306196 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many neuromuscular disorders can have a differential impact on a specific myofibre type, forming the central premise of this review. The many different skeletal muscles in mammals contain a spectrum of slow- to fast-twitch myofibres with varying levels of protein isoforms that determine their distinctive contractile, metabolic, and other properties. The variations in functional properties across the range of classic 'slow' to 'fast' myofibres are outlined, combined with exemplars of the predominantly slow-twitch soleus and fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscles, species comparisons, and techniques used to study these properties. Other intrinsic and extrinsic differences are discussed in the context of slow and fast myofibres. These include inherent susceptibility to damage, myonecrosis, and regeneration, plus extrinsic nerves, extracellular matrix, and vasculature, examined in the context of growth, ageing, metabolic syndrome, and sexual dimorphism. These many differences emphasise the importance of carefully considering the influence of myofibre-type composition on manifestation of various neuromuscular disorders across the lifespan for both sexes. Equally, understanding the different responses of slow and fast myofibres due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors can provide deep insight into the precise molecular mechanisms that initiate and exacerbate various neuromuscular disorders. This focus on the influence of different myofibre types is of fundamental importance to enhance translation for clinical management and therapies for many skeletal muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Lloyd
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gavin J Pinniger
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robyn M Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Miranda D Grounds
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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7
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Lorena MDSV, Santos EK, Ferretti R, Gowda GAN, Odom GL, Chamberlain JS, Matsumura CY. Biomarkers for Duchenne muscular dystrophy progression: impact of age in the mdx tongue spared muscle. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3038923. [PMID: 37398370 PMCID: PMC10312970 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3038923/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe form of muscular dystrophy without an effective treatment, caused by mutations in the DMD gene, leading to the absence of dystrophin. DMD results in muscle weakness, loss of ambulation and death at an early age. Metabolomics studies in mdx mice, the most used model for DMD, reveal changes in metabolites associated with muscle degeneration and aging. In DMD, the tongue muscles exhibit unique behavior, initially showing partial protection against inflammation but later experiencing fibrosis and loss of muscle fibers. Certain metabolites and proteins, like TNF-α and TGF-β, are potential biomarkers for dystrophic muscle characterization. Methods: To investigate disease progression and aging, we utilized young (1-month old) and old (21-25 months old) mdx and wild-type mice. Metabolite changes were analyzed using 1-H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, while TNF-α and TGF-β were assessed using Western blotting to examine inflammation, and fibrosis. Morphometric analysis was conducted to assess the extent of myofiber damage between groups. Results: The histological analysis of the tongue showed no differences between groups. No differences were found between the concentrations of metabolites from wild type or mdx animals of the same age. The metabolites alanine, methionine, 3-methylhistidine were higher, and taurine and glycerol were lower in young animals in both wild type and mdx (p < 0.001). The metabolites glycine (p < 0.001) and glutamic acid (p = 0.0018) were different only in the mdx groups, being higher in young mdx mice. Acetic acid, phosphocreatine, isoleucine, succinic acid, creatine and the proteins TNF-α and TGF-β had no difference in the analysis between groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Surprisingly, histological and protein analysis reveals that the tongue of young and old mdx animals is protected from severe myonecrosis observed in other muscles. The metabolites alanine, methionine, 3-methylhistidine, taurine, and glycerol may be effective for specific assessments, although their use for disease progression monitoring should be cautious due to age-related changes. Acetic acid, phosphocreatine, isoleucine, succinate, creatine, TNF-α, and TGF-β do not vary with aging and remain constant in spared muscles, suggesting their potential as specific biomarkers for DMD progression independent of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Estela Kato Santos
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP)
| | - Renato Ferretti
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP)
| | - G A Nagana Gowda
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center; Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington
| | - Guy L Odom
- Department of Neurology, Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Washington School of Medicine
| | - Jeffrey S Chamberlain
- Department of Neurology, Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Washington School of Medicine
| | - Cintia Yuri Matsumura
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP)
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8
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Terrill JR, Huchet C, Le Guiner C, Lafoux A, Caudal D, Tulangekar A, Bryson-Richardson RJ, Sztal TE, Grounds MD, Arthur PG. Muscle Pathology in Dystrophic Rats and Zebrafish Is Unresponsive to Taurine Treatment, Compared to the mdx Mouse Model for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020232. [PMID: 36837851 PMCID: PMC9963000 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are strongly implicated in the pathology of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and the sulphur-containing amino acid taurine ameliorates both and decreases dystropathology in the mdx mouse model for DMD. We therefore further tested taurine as a therapy using dystrophic DMDmdx rats and dmd zebrafish models for DMD that have a more severe dystropathology. However, taurine treatment had little effect on the indices of dystropathology in both these models. While we and others have previously observed a deficiency in taurine in mdx mice, in the current study we show that the rat and zebrafish models had increased taurine content compared with wild-type, and taurine treatment did not increase muscle taurine levels. We therefore hypothesised that endogenous levels of taurine are a key determinate in potential taurine treatment efficacy. Because of this, we felt it important to measure taurine levels in DMD patient plasma samples and showed that in non-ambulant patients (but not in younger patients) there was a deficiency of taurine. These data suggest that taurine homeostasis varies greatly between species and may be influenced by age and disease progression. The potential for taurine to be an effective therapy may depend on such variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Terrill
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Corinne Huchet
- TaRGeT Lab, Translational Research for Gene Therapy, INSERM, UMR 1089, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, 440200 Nantes, France
| | - Caroline Le Guiner
- TaRGeT Lab, Translational Research for Gene Therapy, INSERM, UMR 1089, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, 440200 Nantes, France
| | - Aude Lafoux
- Therassay Platform, CAPACITES, Nantes Université, 44007 Nantes, France
| | - Dorian Caudal
- Therassay Platform, CAPACITES, Nantes Université, 44007 Nantes, France
| | - Ankita Tulangekar
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | | | - Tamar E. Sztal
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Miranda D. Grounds
- School of Human Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Peter G. Arthur
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
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9
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Grounds MD, Lloyd EM. Considering the Promise of Vamorolone for Treating Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. J Neuromuscul Dis 2023; 10:1013-1030. [PMID: 37927274 PMCID: PMC10657680 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-230161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
This commentary provides an independent consideration of data related to the drug vamorolone (VBP15) as an alternative steroid proposed for treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Glucocorticoids such as prednisone and deflazacort have powerful anti-inflammatory benefits and are the standard of care for DMD, but their long-term use can result in severe adverse side effects; thus, vamorolone was designed as a unique dissociative steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, to retain efficacy and minimise these adverse effects. Extensive clinical trials (ongoing) have investigated the use of vamorolone for DMD, with two trials also for limb-girdle muscular dystrophies including dysferlinopathy (current), plus a variety of pre-clinical trials published. Vamorolone looks very promising, with similar efficacy and some reduced adverse effects (e.g., related to height) compared with other glucocorticoids, specifically prednisone/prednisolone, although it has not yet been directly compared with deflazacort. Of particular interest to clarify is the optimal clinical dose and other aspects of vamorolone that are proposed to provide additional benefits for membranes of dystrophic muscle: to stabilise and protect the sarcolemma from damage and enhance repair. The use of vamorolone (and other glucocorticoids) needs to be evaluated in terms of overall long-term efficacy and cost, and also in comparison with many candidate non-steroidal drugs with anti-inflammatory and other benefits for DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda D. Grounds
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Erin M. Lloyd
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Paleo BJ, McElhanon KE, Bulgart HR, Banford KK, Beck EX, Sattler KM, Goines BN, Ratcliff SL, Crowe KE, Weisleder N. Reduced Sarcolemmal Membrane Repair Exacerbates Striated Muscle Pathology in a Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Cells 2022; 11:1417. [PMID: 35563723 PMCID: PMC9100510 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a common X-linked degenerative muscle disorder that involves mutations in the DMD gene that frequently reduce the expression of the dystrophin protein, compromising the structural integrity of the sarcolemmal membrane and leaving it vulnerable to injury during cycles of muscle contraction and relaxation. This results in an increased frequency of sarcolemma disruptions that can compromise the barrier function of the membrane and lead to death of the myocyte. Sarcolemmal membrane repair processes can potentially compensate for increased membrane disruptions in DMD myocytes. Previous studies demonstrated that TRIM72, a muscle-enriched tripartite motif (TRIM) family protein also known as mitsugumin 53 (MG53), is a component of the cell membrane repair machinery in striated muscle. To test the importance of membrane repair in striated muscle in compensating for the membrane fragility in DMD, we crossed TRIM72/MG53 knockout mice into the mdx mouse model of DMD. These double knockout (DKO) mice showed compromised sarcolemmal membrane integrity compared to mdx mice, as measured by immunoglobulin G staining and ex vivo muscle laser microscopy wounding assays. We also found a significant decrease in muscle ex vivo contractile function as compared to mdx mice at both 6 weeks and 1.5 years of age. As the DKO mice aged, they developed more extensive fibrosis in skeletal muscles compared to mdx. Our findings indicate that TRIM72/MG53-mediated membrane repair can partially compensate for the sarcolemmal fragility associated with DMD and that the loss of membrane repair results in increased pathology in the DKO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Paleo
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (B.J.P.); (K.E.M.); (H.R.B.); (K.K.B.); (E.X.B.)
| | - Kevin E. McElhanon
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (B.J.P.); (K.E.M.); (H.R.B.); (K.K.B.); (E.X.B.)
| | - Hannah R. Bulgart
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (B.J.P.); (K.E.M.); (H.R.B.); (K.K.B.); (E.X.B.)
| | - Kassidy K. Banford
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (B.J.P.); (K.E.M.); (H.R.B.); (K.K.B.); (E.X.B.)
| | - Eric X Beck
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (B.J.P.); (K.E.M.); (H.R.B.); (K.K.B.); (E.X.B.)
| | - Kristina M. Sattler
- Department of Biology, School of Behavioral & Natural Sciences, Mount St. Joseph University, Cincinnati, OH 45233, USA; (K.M.S.); (B.N.G.); (S.L.R.); (K.E.C.)
| | - Briana N. Goines
- Department of Biology, School of Behavioral & Natural Sciences, Mount St. Joseph University, Cincinnati, OH 45233, USA; (K.M.S.); (B.N.G.); (S.L.R.); (K.E.C.)
| | - Shelby L. Ratcliff
- Department of Biology, School of Behavioral & Natural Sciences, Mount St. Joseph University, Cincinnati, OH 45233, USA; (K.M.S.); (B.N.G.); (S.L.R.); (K.E.C.)
| | - Kelly E. Crowe
- Department of Biology, School of Behavioral & Natural Sciences, Mount St. Joseph University, Cincinnati, OH 45233, USA; (K.M.S.); (B.N.G.); (S.L.R.); (K.E.C.)
| | - Noah Weisleder
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (B.J.P.); (K.E.M.); (H.R.B.); (K.K.B.); (E.X.B.)
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11
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Description of Osmolyte Pathways in Maturing Mdx Mice Reveals Altered Levels of Taurine and Sodium/Myo-Inositol Co-Transporters. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063251. [PMID: 35328671 PMCID: PMC8955384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration. Osmotic stress participates to DMD pathology and altered levels of osmolyte pathway members have been reported. The goal of this study was to gain insight in osmoregulatory changes in the mdx mouse model by examining the expression of osmolyte pathway members, including taurine transporter (TauT), sodium myo-inositol co-transporter (SMIT), betaine GABA transporter (BGT), and aldose reductase (AR) in the skeletal muscles and diaphragm of mdx mice aged 4, 8, 12, and 26 weeks. Necrosis was most prominent in 12 week-old mdx mice, whereas the amount of regenerated fibers increased until week 26 in the tibialis anterior. TauT protein levels were downregulated in the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius of 4 to 12 week-old mdx mice, but not in 26 week-old mice, whereas TauT levels in the diaphragm remained significantly lower in 26 week-old mdx mice. In contrast, SMIT protein levels were significantly higher in the muscles of mdx mice when compared to controls. Our study revealed differential regulation of osmolyte pathway members in mdx muscle, which points to their complex involvement in DMD pathogenesis going beyond general osmotic stress responses. These results highlight the potential of osmolyte pathway members as a research interest and future therapeutic target in dystrophinopathy.
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12
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Sienko S, Buckon CE, Bagley A, Staudt L, Fowler E, Heberer K, Sison-Williamson M, McDonald C, Sussman MD. Longitudinal changes in energy cost during walking in boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). Gait Posture 2021; 90:301-306. [PMID: 34564002 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.09.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In boys with DMD, muscle weakness progresses in a proximal to distal pattern, leading to compensatory gait strategies, including hyperlordosis and equinus, that increase energy cost and accelerate the loss of walking capacity. RESEARCH QUESTION The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in the energy cost of walking that occur with disease progression and to determine the optimal normalization scheme for the longitudinal assessment of the energy cost of walking in boys with DMD. METHODS Energy cost was assessed with the COSMED K4b2. Three normalization schemes were examined: gross energy cost (EC), net non-dimensional oxygen cost (NNcost) and speed-matched control energy cost (SMC-EC). Nonlinear mixed modeling procedures determined the rate of change with age. Linear regression was used to asses the relationship between each normalization scheme and age and body height. RESULTS 74 boys with DMD were assessed for the energy cost of walking. Velocity decreased at a significant rate (-.00245/month, p = .03) across time; (Fig. 2), while gross EC (.003248/month, p = 0.0026), NNcost (.006155/month, p < 0.0001) and SMC-EC (.001690/month, p = 0.03) all increased significantly. Age and height were significantly associated with NNcost and SMC-EC. The sensitivity of NNcost and SMC-EC to age over time were similar, while SMC-EC was less sensitive to changes in height over time than NNcost. SIGNIFICANCE In contrast to able-bodied peers, boys with DMD decrease their velocity while all walking energy cost measures increased over time. Both SMC-EC and NNcost proved appropriate normalization schemes for boys with DMD. Compared to gross EC, both NNcost and SMC-EC were less sensitive to changes in age over time, while SMC-EC was less sensitive to changes in height than NNcost. Therefore, both NNCost and SMC-EC are suggested normalization schemes for the longitudinal assessment of energy cost in boys with DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Sienko
- Shriners Hospitals For Children, Portland, 3101 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, United States.
| | - Cathleen E Buckon
- Shriners Hospitals For Children, Portland, 3101 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Anita Bagley
- Shriners Hospitals For Children, Northern California, 2425 SW Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Loretta Staudt
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Orthopaedics, 1000 Veteran Ave, Rehab Building 22-64, Los Angeles, CA 90025, United States
| | - Eileen Fowler
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Orthopaedics, 1000 Veteran Ave, Rehab Building 22-64, Los Angeles, CA 90025, United States
| | - Kent Heberer
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Orthopaedics, 1000 Veteran Ave, Rehab Building 22-64, Los Angeles, CA 90025, United States
| | - Mitell Sison-Williamson
- Shriners Hospitals For Children, Northern California, 2425 SW Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Craig McDonald
- Shriners Hospitals For Children, Northern California, 2425 SW Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States; University of California Davis Medical Center, Department of Physical Medicine, 4869 Y Street, Suite 3850, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Michael D Sussman
- Shriners Hospitals For Children, Portland, 3101 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, United States
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13
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Niba ETE, Awano H, Lee T, Takeshima Y, Shinohara M, Nishio H, Matsuo M. Dystrophin Dp71 Subisoforms Localize to the Mitochondria of Human Cells. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090978. [PMID: 34575126 PMCID: PMC8468555 DOI: 10.3390/life11090978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal muscle wasting disease caused by deficiency in dystrophin, a protein product encoded by the DMD gene. Mitochondrial dysfunction is now attracting much attention as a central player in DMD pathology. However, dystrophin has never been explored in human mitochondria. Here, we analyzed dystrophin in cDNAs and mitochondrial fractions of human cells. Mitochondrial fraction was obtained using a magnetic-associated cell sorting (MACS) technology. Dystrophin was analyzed by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and western blotting using an antibody against the dystrophin C-terminal. In isolated mitochondrial fraction from HEK293 cells, dystrophin was revealed as a band corresponding to Dp71b and Dp71ab subisoforms. Additionally, in mitochondria from HeLa, SH-SY5Y, CCL-136 and HepG2 cells, signals for Dp71b and Dp71ab were revealed as well. Concomitantly, dystrophin mRNAs encoding Dp71b and Dp71ab were disclosed by RT-PCR in these cells. Primary cultured myocytes from three dystrophinopathy patients showed various levels of mitochondrial Dp71 expression. Coherently, levels of mRNA were different in all cells reflecting the protein content, which indicated predominant accumulation of Dp71. Dystrophin was demonstrated to be localized to human mitochondrial fraction, specifically as Dp71 subisoforms. Myocytes derived from dystrophinopathy patients manifested different levels of mitochondrial Dp71, with higher expression revealed in myocytes from Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) patient-derived myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Tabe Eko Niba
- Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-78-382-5543
| | - Hiroyuki Awano
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan;
| | - Tomoko Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (T.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yasuhiro Takeshima
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (T.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Masakazu Shinohara
- Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan;
| | - Hisahide Nishio
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe 651-2180, Japan;
| | - Masafumi Matsuo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe 651-2180, Japan;
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14
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Pregabalin-induced neuroprotection and gait improvement in dystrophic MDX mice. Mol Cell Neurosci 2021; 114:103632. [PMID: 34058345 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2021.103632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disease linked to the X chromosome induced by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Neuroprotective drugs, such as pregabalin (PGB), can improve motor function through the modulation of excitatory synapses, together with anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. The present work studied the effects of PGB in the preservation of dystrophic peripheral nerves, allowing motor improvements in MDX mice. Five weeks old MDX and C57BL/10 mice were treated with PGB (30 mg/kg/day, i.p.) or vehicle, for 28 consecutive days. The mice were sacrificed on the 9th week, the sciatic nerves were dissected out and processed for immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR, for evaluating the expression of proteins and gene transcripts related to neuronal activity and Schwann cell function. The lumbar spinal cords were also processed for qRT-PCR to evaluate the expression of neurotrophic factors and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Cranial tibial muscles were dissected out for endplate evaluation with α-bungarotoxin. The recovery of motor function was monitored throughout the treatment, using a spontaneous walking track test (Catwalk system) and a forced locomotion test (Rotarod). The results showed that treatment with PGB reduced the retrograde effects of muscle degeneration/regeneration on the nervous system from the 5th to the 9th week in MDX mice. Thus, PGB induced protein expression in neurons and Schwann cells, protecting myelinated fibers. In turn, better axonal morphology and close-to-normal motor endplates were observed. Indeed, such effects resulted in improved motor coordination of dystrophic animals. We believe that treatment with PGB improved the balance between excitatory and inhibitory inputs to spinal motoneurons, increasing motor control. In addition, PGB enhanced peripheral nerve homeostasis, by positively affecting Schwann cells. In general, the present results indicate that pregabalin is effective in protecting the PNS during the development of DMD, improving motor coordination, indicating possible translation to the clinic.
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15
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Vera K, McConville M, Kyba M, Keller-Ross M. Resting metabolic rate in adults with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:1058-1064. [PMID: 33735584 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether resting metabolic rate (RMR) is altered in adults with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). Eleven people with FSHD (51 ± 12yrs, 2 females) and 11 controls (48 ± 14 yrs, 2 females) completed 1 visit, including 30-minutes of indirect calorimetry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning. RMR was calculated from resting oxygen consumption/carbon dioxide production; regional/whole-body fat mass and lean mass were collected from the DXA scan. Absolute RMR was 15% lower in FSHD (p = 0.04); when normalized to regional/local lean mass, no differences in RMR were observed (p > 0.05). Absolute RMR was correlated with total lean mass for all participants combined (p < 0.01, r = 0.70, males only: p < 0.01, r = 0.81) and when analyzed separately (FSHD males: p = 0.001, r = 0.92 and control males: p = 0.004, r = 0.85). Whole-body lean mass was 16% lower in FSHD and leg, arm and appendicular lean mass were lower in FSHD (p < 0.05 for all), though trunk lean mass was not (p = 0.15). Whole-body fat mass was 45% higher in FSHD, with greater leg fat mass (p = 0.01), but not trunk or arm fat mass (p > 0.05 for both). When RMR was expressed relative to lean body mass, no differences in RMR were found, indicating that the lower levels of lean mass observed in FSHD patients likely contribute to the lower absolute RMR values. Novelty: RMR is lower among people with FSHD, as compared with controls. The reduced RMR among people with FSHD is due to disease-related loss in muscle mass and likely related to lower physical activity and/or exercise levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Vera
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Health and Human Performance Department, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, River Falls, WI, USA
| | - Mary McConville
- Exercise Science Department, College of Saint Benedict, St. Joseph, MN, USA
| | - Michael Kyba
- Department of Pediatrics and Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Manda Keller-Ross
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Division of Physical Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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16
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Pennington KA, Dong Y, Ruano SH, van der Walt N, Sangi-Haghpeykar H, Yallampalli C. Brief high fat high sugar diet results in altered energy and fat metabolism during pregnancy in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20866. [PMID: 33257770 PMCID: PMC7705687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy several maternal adaptations occur in order to support the growing fetus which are further exacerbated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Previously we developed a mouse model of GDM, however we did not evaluate alterations to energy and fat metabolism. We have also shown that alterations in lipid metabolism are mediated by adrenomedullin (ADM) in normal and GDM pregnancies. Our objectives were: (1) evaluate energy and fat homeostasis in our GDM mouse model and (2) determine if ADM may play a role in these changes. Female mice were placed on either control (P-CD) or high fat, high sucrose diet (P-HFHS) 1 week prior to and throughout pregnancy. Mice were placed into comprehensive lab animal monitoring system (CLAMS) chambers throughout pregnancy. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was collected at d17.5 of pregnancy for analysis. Energy Expenditure was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in P-HFHS dams compared to all other groups. VAT ex-vivo lipolysis was increased (p < 0.05) in P-HFHS compared to P-CD dams. VAT gene expression of ADM receptors Crlr, Ramp2, and Ramp3 was increased (p < 0.05) in P-HFHS dams. ADM dose dependently increased ex vivo lipolysis. This data further validates our animal model of GDM and is usefulness in investigating the pathophysiology of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Pennington
- Basic Sciences Perinatology Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Room #1850.36, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Yuanlin Dong
- Basic Sciences Perinatology Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Room #1850.36, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Simone Hernandez Ruano
- Basic Sciences Perinatology Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Room #1850.36, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nicola van der Walt
- Basic Sciences Perinatology Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Room #1850.36, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Haleh Sangi-Haghpeykar
- Basic Sciences Perinatology Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Room #1850.36, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chandrasekhar Yallampalli
- Basic Sciences Perinatology Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Room #1850.36, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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17
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Genetic reduction of the extracellular matrix protein versican attenuates inflammatory cell infiltration and improves contractile function in dystrophic mdx diaphragm muscles. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11080. [PMID: 32632164 PMCID: PMC7338466 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a persistent, aberrant accumulation of V0/V1 versican in skeletal muscles from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and in diaphragm muscles from mdx mice. Versican is a provisional matrix protein implicated in fibrosis and inflammation in various disease states, yet its role in the pathogenesis of muscular dystrophy is not known. Here, female mdx and male hdf mice (haploinsufficient for the versican allele) were bred. In the resulting F1 mdx-hdf male pups, V0/V1 versican expression in diaphragm muscles was decreased by 50% compared to mdx littermates at 20-26 weeks of age. In mdx-hdf mice, spontaneous physical activity increased by 17% and there was a concomitant decrease in total energy expenditure and whole-body glucose oxidation. Versican reduction improved the ex vivo strength and endurance of diaphragm muscle strips. These changes in diaphragm contractile properties in mdx-hdf mice were associated with decreased monocyte and macrophage infiltration and a reduction in the proportion of fibres expressing the slow type I myosin heavy chain isoform. Given the high metabolic cost of inflammation in dystrophy, an attenuated inflammatory response may contribute to the effects of versican reduction on whole-body metabolism. Altogether, versican reduction ameliorates the dystrophic pathology of mdx-hdf mice as evidenced by improved diaphragm contractile function and increased physical activity.
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18
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Grounds MD, Terrill JR, Al-Mshhdani BA, Duong MN, Radley-Crabb HG, Arthur PG. Biomarkers for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: myonecrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:13/2/dmm043638. [PMID: 32224496 PMCID: PMC7063669 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.043638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal, X-linked disease that causes severe loss of muscle mass and function in young children. Promising therapies for DMD are being developed, but the long lead times required when using clinical outcome measures are hindering progress. This progress would be facilitated by robust molecular biomarkers in biofluids, such as blood and urine, which could be used to monitor disease progression and severity, as well as to determine optimal drug dosing before a full clinical trial. Many candidate DMD biomarkers have been identified, but there have been few follow-up studies to validate them. This Review describes the promising biomarkers for dystrophic muscle that have been identified in muscle, mainly using animal models. We strongly focus on myonecrosis and the associated inflammation and oxidative stress in DMD muscle, as the lack of dystrophin causes repeated bouts of myonecrosis, which are the key events that initiate the resultant severe dystropathology. We discuss the early events of intrinsic myonecrosis, along with early regeneration in the context of histological and other measures that are used to quantify its incidence. Molecular biomarkers linked to the closely associated events of inflammation and oxidative damage are discussed, with a focus on research related to protein thiol oxidation and to neutrophils. We summarise data linked to myonecrosis in muscle, blood and urine of dystrophic animal species, and discuss the challenge of translating such biomarkers to the clinic for DMD patients, especially to enhance the success of clinical trials. Summary: This Review discusses biomarkers in blood and urine linked to myonecrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress, to enhance development of therapies for DMD, and the challenges to be overcome for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda D Grounds
- School of Human Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jessica R Terrill
- School of Molecular Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Basma A Al-Mshhdani
- School of Molecular Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Marisa N Duong
- School of Molecular Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hannah G Radley-Crabb
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Peter G Arthur
- School of Molecular Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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19
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Wood CL, Suchacki KJ, van 't Hof R, Cawthorn WP, Dillon S, Straub V, Wong SC, Ahmed SF, Farquharson C. A comparison of the bone and growth phenotype of mdx, mdx:Cmah-/- and mdx:Utrn +/- murine models with the C57BL/10 wild-type mouse. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm.040659. [PMID: 31754018 PMCID: PMC6994935 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.040659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The muscular dystrophy X-linked (mdx) mouse is commonly used as a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Its phenotype is, however, mild, and other mouse models have been explored. The mdx:Cmah−/− mouse carries a human-like mutation in the Cmah gene and has a severe muscle phenotype, but its growth and bone development are unknown. In this study, we compared male mdx, mdx:Utrn+/−, mdx:Cmah−/− and wild-type (WT) mice at 3, 5 and 7 weeks of age to determine the suitability of the mdx:Cmah−/− mouse as a model for assessing growth and skeletal development in DMD. The mdx:Cmah−/− mice were lighter than WT mice at 3 weeks, but heavier at 7 weeks, and showed an increased growth rate at 5 weeks. Cortical bone fraction as assessed by micro-computed tomography was greater in both mdx and mdx:Cmah−/− mice versus WT mice at 7 weeks. Tissue mineral density was also higher in mdx:Cmah−/− mice at 3 and 7 weeks. Gene profiling of mdx:Cmah−/− bone identified increased expression of Igf1, Igf1r and Vegfa. Both the mdx and mdx:Cmah−/− mice showed an increased proportion of regulated bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) but a reduction in constitutive BMAT. The mdx:Cmah−/− mice show evidence of catch-up growth and more rapid bone development. This pattern does not mimic the typical DMD growth trajectory and therefore the utility of the mdx:Cmah−/− mouse for studying growth and skeletal development in DMD is limited. Further studies of this model may, however, shed light on the phenomenon of catch-up growth. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Unlike boys with DMD, the mdx:Cmah−/− mouse shows increased weight gain and more rapid bone development; therefore, its utility for studying growth and skeletal development in DMD is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Wood
- Division of Developmental Biology, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK .,John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Karla J Suchacki
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Rob van 't Hof
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Will P Cawthorn
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Scott Dillon
- Division of Developmental Biology, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Volker Straub
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Sze Choong Wong
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - Syed F Ahmed
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - Colin Farquharson
- Division of Developmental Biology, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
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20
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Verhaart IEC, Putker K, van de Vijver D, Tanganyika-de Winter CL, Pasteuning-Vuhman S, Plomp JJ, Aartsma-Rus AM, van Putten M. Cross-sectional study into age-related pathology of mouse models for limb girdle muscular dystrophy types 2D and 2F. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220665. [PMID: 31430305 PMCID: PMC6701749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) types 2D and 2F are caused by mutations in the genes encoding for α- and δ-sarcoglycan, respectively, leading to progressive muscle weakness. Mouse models exist for LGMD2D (Sgca-/-) and 2F (Sgcd-/-). In a previous natural history study, we described the pathology in these mice at 34 weeks of age. However, the development of muscle pathology at younger ages has not been fully characterised yet. We therefore performed a study into age-related changes in muscle function and pathology by examining mice at different ages. From 4 weeks of age onwards, male mice were subjected to functional tests and sacrificed at respectively 8, 16 or 24 weeks of age. Muscle histopathology and expression of genes involved in muscle pathology were analysed for several skeletal muscles, while miRNA levels were assessed in serum. In addition, for Sgcd-/- mice heart pathology was assessed. Muscle function showed a gradual decline in both Sgca-/- and Sgcd-/- mice. Respiratory function was also impaired at all examined timepoints. Already at 8 weeks of age, muscle pathology was prominent, and fibrotic, inflammatory and regenerative markers were elevated, which remained relatively constant with age. In addition, Sgcd-/- mice showed signs of cardiomyopathy from 16 weeks of age onwards. These results indicate that Sgca-/- and Sgcd-/- are relevant disease models for LGMD2D and 2F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid E. C. Verhaart
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kayleigh Putker
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Davy van de Vijver
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jaap J. Plomp
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Annemieke M. Aartsma-Rus
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Maaike van Putten
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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21
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Debruin DA, Andreacchio N, Hanson ED, Timpani CA, Rybalka E, Hayes A. The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Skeletal Muscle in the mdx Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:sports7050096. [PMID: 31035483 PMCID: PMC6572350 DOI: 10.3390/sports7050096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (VitD) has shown to be beneficial in reversing muscle weakness and atrophy associated with VitD deficiency. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is characterized by worsening muscle weakness and muscle atrophy, with VitD deficiency commonly observed. This study aimed to investigate the effect of VitD supplementation on dystrophic skeletal muscle. Eight-week old female control (C57BL/10; n = 29) and dystrophic (C57BL/mdx; n = 23) mice were randomly supplemented with one of three VitD enriched diets (1000, 8000 & 20,000 IU/kg chow). Following a four-week feeding period, the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles contractile and fatigue properties were tested ex vivo, followed by histological analysis. As expected, mdx muscles displayed higher mass yet lower specific forces and a rightward shift in their force frequency relationship consistent with dystrophic pathology. There was a trend for mdx muscle mass to be larger following the 20,000 IU/kg diet, but this did not result in improved force production. Fiber area in the EDL was larger in mdx compared to controls, and there were higher amounts of damage in both muscles, with VitD supplementation having no effect. Four weeks of VitD supplementation did not appear to have any impact upon dystrophic skeletal muscle pathology at this age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Debruin
- Institute of Sport and Health, Victoria University, Melbourne 3011, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne 3021, Australia.
| | - Nicola Andreacchio
- Institute of Sport and Health, Victoria University, Melbourne 3011, Australia.
| | - Erik D Hanson
- Institute of Sport and Health, Victoria University, Melbourne 3011, Australia.
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Cara A Timpani
- Institute of Sport and Health, Victoria University, Melbourne 3011, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne 3021, Australia.
| | - Emma Rybalka
- Institute of Sport and Health, Victoria University, Melbourne 3011, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne 3021, Australia.
| | - Alan Hayes
- Institute of Sport and Health, Victoria University, Melbourne 3011, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne 3021, Australia.
- Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
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22
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Verhaart IEC, van de Vijver D, Boertje-van der Meulen JW, Putker K, Adamzek K, Aartsma-Rus A, van Putten M. A modified diet does not ameliorate muscle pathology in a mouse model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215335. [PMID: 31017936 PMCID: PMC6481797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by a lack of dystrophin protein. Next to direct effects on the muscles, this has also metabolic consequences. The influence of nutrition on disease progression becomes more and more recognized. Protein intake by DMD patients may be insufficient to meet the increased demand of the constantly regenerating muscle fibers. This led to the hypothesis that improving protein uptake by the muscles could have therapeutic effects. The present study examined the effects of a modified diet, which composition might stimulate muscle growth, on disease pathology in the D2-mdx mouse model. D2-mdx males were fed with either a control diet or modified diet, containing high amounts of branched-chain amino acids, vitamin D3 and ursolic acid, for six weeks. Our study indicates that the modified diet could not ameliorate the muscle pathology. No effects on bodyweight or weight of individual muscles were observed. Neither did the diet affect severity of fibrosis or calcification of the muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid E. C. Verhaart
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Davy van de Vijver
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Kayleigh Putker
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kevin Adamzek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Aartsma-Rus
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike van Putten
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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23
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Zhao L, Pascual F, Bacudio L, Suchanek AL, Young PA, Li LO, Martin SA, Camporez JP, Perry RJ, Shulman GI, Klett EL, Coleman RA. Defective fatty acid oxidation in mice with muscle-specific acyl-CoA synthetase 1 deficiency increases amino acid use and impairs muscle function. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8819-8833. [PMID: 30975900 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase isoform-1 (ACSL1) in mouse skeletal muscle (Acsl1M -/-) severely reduces acyl-CoA synthetase activity and fatty acid oxidation. However, the effects of decreased fatty acid oxidation on skeletal muscle function, histology, use of alternative fuels, and mitochondrial function and morphology are unclear. We observed that Acsl1M -/- mice have impaired voluntary running capacity and muscle grip strength and that their gastrocnemius muscle contains myocytes with central nuclei, indicating muscle regeneration. We also found that plasma creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in Acsl1M -/- mice are 3.4- and 1.5-fold greater, respectively, than in control mice (Acsl1flox/flox ), indicating muscle damage, even without exercise, in the Acsl1M -/- mice. Moreover, caspase-3 protein expression exclusively in Acsl1M -/- skeletal muscle and the presence of cleaved caspase-3 suggested myocyte apoptosis. Mitochondria in Acsl1M -/- skeletal muscle were swollen with abnormal cristae, and mitochondrial biogenesis was increased. Glucose uptake did not increase in Acsl1M -/- skeletal muscle, and pyruvate oxidation was similar in gastrocnemius homogenates from Acsl1M -/- and control mice. The rate of protein synthesis in Acsl1M -/- glycolytic muscle was 2.1-fold greater 30 min after exercise than in the controls, suggesting resynthesis of proteins catabolized for fuel during the exercise. At this time, mTOR complex 1 was activated, and autophagy was blocked. These results suggest that fatty acid oxidation is critical for normal skeletal muscle homeostasis during both rest and exercise. We conclude that ACSL1 deficiency produces an overall defect in muscle fuel metabolism that increases protein catabolism, resulting in exercise intolerance, muscle weakness, and myocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lei O Li
- From the Departments of Nutrition and
| | - Sarah A Martin
- the Department of Molecular Genetics and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, and
| | | | - Rachel J Perry
- the Departments of Internal Medicine and.,Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- the Departments of Internal Medicine and.,Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Eric L Klett
- Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
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24
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Integrative effects of dystrophin loss on metabolic function of the mdx mouse. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13624. [PMID: 30206270 PMCID: PMC6134145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a disease marked by the development of skeletal muscle weakness and wasting. DMD results from mutations in the gene for the cytoskeletal protein dystrophin. The loss of dystrophin expression is not limited to muscle weakness but has multiple systemic consequences. Managing the nutritional requirements is an important aspect of the clinical care of DMD patients and is complicated by the poor understanding of the role of dystrophin, and dystrophic processes, in regulating metabolism. Here, we show that mdx mice, a genetic model of DMD, have significantly reduced fat mass relative to wild type C57BL/10. The alteration in body composition is independent of the presence of skeletal muscle disease, as it is still present in mice with transgenic expression of a fully-functional dystrophin in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, mdx mice do not increase their fat mass or body weight when housed under thermoneutral conditions, in marked contrast to C57BL/10 mice. We also demonstrated that mdx mice have significantly reduced fat metabolism and altered glucose uptake. These significant metabolic changes in dystrophic mice implicate dystrophin as an important regulator of metabolism. Understanding the metabolic functions of dystrophin is important for managing the nutritional needs of DMD patients.
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25
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Nutrition in Duchenne muscular dystrophy 16–18 March 2018, Zaandam, the Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord 2018; 28:680-689. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Helm ET, Outhouse AC, Schwartz KJ, Lonergan SM, Curry SM, Dekkers JCM, Gabler NK. Metabolic adaptation of pigs to a Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Lawsonia intracellularis dual challenge. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:3196-3207. [PMID: 29860328 PMCID: PMC6095249 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory and enteric pathogens such as Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mh) and Lawsonia intracellularis (LI) reduce lean accretion and feed efficiency (FE) in growing pigs. However, the metabolic mechanism by which this occurs is still unknown. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to examine the metabolic adaptation of pigs presented with a dual Mh and LI challenge (MhLI). A secondary objective was to examine if selection for high FE, modeled by selection for low residual feed intake (RFI), alters molecular response to disease. Using a 2 × 2 factorial design, 6 littermate pairs from a high RFI (HRFI) and 6 littermate pairs from a low RFI (LRFI) line (barrows, 66 ± 2 kg BW) were selected, with 1 pig from each pair assigned to individual pens in either the challenge or the nonchallenge (control) rooms (n = 6 barrows per line/challenge). On days post inoculation (dpi) 0, MhLI pigs were inoculated intragastrically with LI and intratracheally with Mh. Pig and feeder weights were recorded at dpi 0, 7, 14, and 21. On dpi 21, pigs were euthanized and tissues and blood were collected. Markers of oxidative stress, skeletal muscle metabolism and proteolysis, and liver gluconeogenesis were evaluated to determine the effects of MhLI, RFI line, and their interaction. The interaction of line and challenge was not significant (P > 0.05) for any measure. Overall, MhLI pigs had lower ADG (38%, P < 0.001), ADFI (25%, P < 0.001), and G:F (19%, P = 0.012) compared with controls. As expected, LRFI pigs had lower ADFI (P = 0.028) for the same ADG, giving them greater G:F (P = 0.021) than HRFI pigs. Challenged pigs had greater reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the LM and liver (P < 0.10) but did not have greater skeletal muscle proteolysis. Liver gluconeogenesis was also not upregulated (P > 0.05) due to MhLI. These results provide further evidence that selection for LRFI does not negatively affect response to disease. In addition, these results suggest that postabsorptive metabolic functions are altered due to MhLI challenge. The MhLI challenge induced mitochondrial dysfunction, evident by greater ROS production, and caused pigs to favor glycolytic energy generation. However, skeletal muscle proteolysis and liver gluconeogenesis were not upregulated during MhLI challenge. These data suggest that during mild disease stress, pigs can meet energy demands without reliance on nutrient mobilization and gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma T Helm
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | | | - Kent J Schwartz
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | | | - Shelby M Curry
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
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27
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Addinsall AB, Wright CR, Shaw CS, McRae NL, Forgan LG, Weng CH, Conlan XA, Francis PS, Smith ZM, Andrikopoulos S, Stupka N. Deficiency of selenoprotein S, an endoplasmic reticulum resident oxidoreductase, impairs the contractile function of fast-twitch hindlimb muscles. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R380-R396. [PMID: 29668323 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00244.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Selenoprotein S (Seps1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident antioxidant implicated in ER stress and inflammation. In human vastus lateralis and mouse hindlimb muscles, Seps1 localization and expression were fiber-type specific. In male Seps1+/- heterozygous mice, spontaneous physical activity was reduced compared with wild-type littermates ( d = 1.10, P = 0.029). A similar trend was also observed in Seps1-/- knockout mice ( d = 1.12, P = 0.051). Whole body metabolism, body composition, extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and soleus mass and myofiber diameter were unaffected by genotype. However, in isolated fast EDL muscles from Seps1-/- knockout mice, the force frequency curve (FFC; 1-120 Hz) was shifted downward versus EDL muscles from wild-type littermates ( d = 0.55, P = 0.002), suggestive of reduced strength. During 4 min of intermittent, submaximal (60 Hz) stimulation, the genetic deletion or reduction of Seps1 decreased EDL force production ( d = 0.52, P < 0.001). Furthermore, at the start of the intermittent stimulation protocol, when compared with the 60-Hz stimulation of the FFC, EDL muscles from Seps1-/- knockout or Seps1+/- heterozygous mice produced 10% less force than those from wild-type littermates ( d = 0.31, P < 0.001 and d = 0.39, P = 0.015). This functional impairment was associated with reduced mRNA transcript abundance of thioredoxin-1 ( Trx1), thioredoxin interacting protein ( Txnip), and the ER stress markers Chop and Grp94, whereas, in slow soleus muscles, Seps1 deletion did not compromise contractile function and Trx1 ( d = 1.38, P = 0.012) and Txnip ( d = 1.27, P = 0.025) gene expression was increased. Seps1 is a novel regulator of contractile function and cellular stress responses in fast-twitch muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex B Addinsall
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
| | - Craig R Wright
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
| | - Chris S Shaw
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
| | - Natasha L McRae
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
| | - Leonard G Forgan
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
| | - Chia-Heng Weng
- Department of Medicine-Austin Health, The University of Melbourne , Heidelberg, Victoria , Australia
| | - Xavier A Conlan
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
| | - Paul S Francis
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
| | - Zoe M Smith
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
| | - Sofianos Andrikopoulos
- Department of Medicine-Austin Health, The University of Melbourne , Heidelberg, Victoria , Australia
| | - Nicole Stupka
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
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28
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Butchart LC, Terrill JR, Rossetti G, White R, Filipovska A, Grounds MD. Expression patterns of regulatory RNAs, including lncRNAs and tRNAs, during postnatal growth of normal and dystrophic (mdx) mouse muscles, and their response to taurine treatment. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 99:52-63. [PMID: 29578051 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Post-natal skeletal muscle growth in mice is very rapid and involves complex changes in many cells types over the first 6 weeks of life. The acute onset of dystropathology also occurs around 3 weeks of age in the mdx mouse model of the human disease Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). This study investigated (i) alterations in expression patterns of regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in vivo, including miRNAs, lncRNAs and tRNAs, during early growth of skeletal muscles in normal control C57Bl/10Scsn (C57) compared with dystrophic mdx mice from 2 to 6 weeks of postnatal age, and revealed inherent differences in vivo for levels of 3 ncRNAs between C57 and mdx muscles before the onset of dystropathology. Since the amino acid taurine has many benefits and reduces disease severity in mdx mice, this study also (ii) determined the impact of taurine treatment on these expression patterns in mdx muscles at the onset of dystropathology (3 weeks) and after several bouts of myonecrosis and regeneration (6 weeks). Taurine treatment of mdx mice only altered ncRNA levels when administered from 18 days to 6 weeks of age, but a deficiency in tRNA levels was rectified earlier in mdx skeletal muscles treated from 14 days to 3 weeks. Myogenesis in tissue culture was also used to (iii) compare ncRNA expression patterns for both strains, and (iv) the response to taurine treatment. These analyses revealed intrinsic differences in ncRNA expression patterns during myogenesis between strains, as well as increased sensitivity of mdx ncRNA levels to taurine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Butchart
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Jessica R Terrill
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Giulia Rossetti
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robert White
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Filipovska
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Australia; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Miranda D Grounds
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Australia
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Barker RG, Frankish BP, Xu H, Murphy RM. Elevated GLUT4 and glycogenin protein abundance correspond to increased glycogen content in the soleus muscle of mdx mice with no benefit associated with taurine supplementation. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13596. [PMID: 29484837 PMCID: PMC5827563 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients and the dystrophic mdx mouse have an elevated demand for ATP requiring processes, including Ca2+ regulation and skeletal muscle regeneration. As a key substrate for cellular ATP production, altered glycogen metabolism may contribute significantly to dystrophic pathology and explain reports of mild glucose intolerance. We compare the soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of the mdx mouse during active muscle necrosis (at 28 days) and at 70 days where pathology is stable. We further investigate the impact of taurine (tau) on dystrophic glycogen metabolism to identify if the benefit seen with tau in a previous study (Barker et al. ) was in part owed to altered glycogen handling. The soleus muscle of 28- and 70-day-old mdx mice had elevated glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), glycogenin protein abundances and glycogen content compared to WT (C57BL10/ScSn) controls. Mdx tau mice exhibited modestly reduced glycogen compared to their respective mdx group. The EDL muscle of 28 days mdx tau mice had a ~70% increase in glycogenin protein abundance compared to the mdx but 50% less glycogen content. A twofold greater phosphorylated glycogen synthase (p-GS) and glycogen phosphorylase (p-GP) protein abundance was observed in the 70-day-old mdx soleus muscle than in the 28-day-old mdx soleus muscle. Glycogen debranching enzyme (GDE) protein abundance was elevated in both 28- and 70-day-old mdx soleus muscles compared to WT controls. We identified an increase in proteins associated with glucose uptake and utilization specific to the predominantly slow-twitch soleus muscle of mdx mice regardless of age and that taurine affords no obvious benefit to glycogen metabolism in the mdx mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G. Barker
- Department of Biochemistry and GeneticsLa Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Barnaby P. Frankish
- Department of Biochemistry and GeneticsLa Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Hongyang Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and GeneticsLa Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Robyn M. Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and GeneticsLa Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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30
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Pinniger GJ, Terrill JR, Grounds MD, Arthur PG. Reply from Gavin J. Pinniger, Jessica R. Terrill, Miranda D. Grounds and Peter G. Arthur. J Physiol 2018; 596:739. [DOI: 10.1113/jp275662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin J. Pinniger
- School of Human Sciences; the University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia Australia
| | - Jessica R. Terrill
- School of Human Sciences; the University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia Australia
- School of Molecular Sciences; the University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Miranda D. Grounds
- School of Human Sciences; the University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia Australia
| | - Peter G. Arthur
- School of Molecular Sciences; the University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
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31
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Terrill JR, Pinniger GJ, Nair KV, Grounds MD, Arthur PG. Beneficial effects of high dose taurine treatment in juvenile dystrophic mdx mice are offset by growth restriction. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187317. [PMID: 29095865 PMCID: PMC5667875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal muscle wasting disease manifested in young boys, for which there is no current cure. We have shown that the amino acid taurine is safe and effective at preventing dystropathology in the mdx mouse model for DMD. This study aimed to establish if treating growing mdx mice with a higher dose of taurine was more effective at improving strength and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Mice were treated with a dose of taurine estimated to be 16 g/kg/day, in drinking water from 1-6 weeks of age, after which in vivo and ex vivo muscle strength was assessed, as were measures of inflammation, oxidative stress and taurine metabolism. While the dose did decrease inflammation and protein oxidation in dystrophic muscles, there was no improvement in muscle strength (in contrast with benefits observed with the lower dose) and growth of the young mice was significantly restricted. We present novel data that a high taurine dose increases the cysteine content of both mdx liver and plasma, a possible result of down regulation of the taurine synthesis pathway in the liver (which functions to dispose of excess cysteine, which is toxic). These data caution that a high dose of taurine can have adverse effects and may be less efficacious than lower taurine doses. Therefore, monitoring of taurine dosage needs to be considered in future pre-clinical trials, in anticipation of using taurine as a clinical therapy for growing DMD boys (and other conditions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Terrill
- School of Molecular Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gavin J. Pinniger
- School of Human Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Keshav V. Nair
- School of Human Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Miranda D. Grounds
- School of Human Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter G. Arthur
- School of Molecular Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy are significantly shorter than those with Becker muscular dystrophy, with the higher incidence of short stature in Dp71 mutated subgroup. Neuromuscul Disord 2017; 27:1023-1028. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Goodman CA, Coenen AM, Frey JW, You JS, Barker RG, Frankish BP, Murphy RM, Hornberger TA. Insights into the role and regulation of TCTP in skeletal muscle. Oncotarget 2017; 8:18754-18772. [PMID: 27813490 PMCID: PMC5386645 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is upregulated in a range of cancer cell types, in part, by the activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Recently, TCTP has also been proposed to act as an indirect activator of mTOR. While it is known that mTOR plays a major role in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass, very little is known about the role and regulation of TCTP in this post-mitotic tissue. This study shows that muscle TCTP and mTOR signaling are upregulated in a range of mouse models (mdx mouse, mechanical load-induced hypertrophy, and denervation- and immobilization-induced atrophy). Furthermore, the increase in TCTP observed in the hypertrophic and atrophic conditions occurred, in part, via a rapamycin-sensitive mTOR-dependent mechanism. However, the overexpression of TCTP was not sufficient to activate mTOR signaling (or increase protein synthesis) and is thus unlikely to take part in a recently proposed positive feedback loop with mTOR. Nonetheless, TCTP overexpression was sufficient to induce muscle fiber hypertrophy. Finally, TCTP overexpression inhibited the promoter activity of the muscle-specific ubiquitin proteasome E3-ligase, MuRF1, suggesting that TCTP may play a role in inhibiting protein degradation. These findings provide novel data on the role and regulation of TCTP in skeletal muscle in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Goodman
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA.,Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, 8001, Australia.,Institute for Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, 8001, Australia
| | - Allison M Coenen
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - John W Frey
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Jae-Sung You
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Robert G Barker
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Barnaby P Frankish
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Robyn M Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Troy A Hornberger
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
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Schill KE, Altenberger AR, Lowe J, Periasamy M, Villamena FA, Rafael-Fortney JIA, Devor ST. Muscle damage, metabolism, and oxidative stress in mdx mice: Impact of aerobic running. Muscle Nerve 2017; 54:110-7. [PMID: 26659868 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We tested how a treadmill exercise program influences oxygen consumption, oxidative stress, and exercise capacity in the mdx mouse, a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. METHODS At age 4 weeks mdx mice were subjected to 4 weeks of twice-weekly treadmill exercise. Sedentary mdx and wild-type mice served as controls. Oxygen consumption, time to exhaustion, oxidative stress, and myofiber damage were assessed. RESULTS At age 4 weeks, there was a significant difference in exercise capacity between mdx and wild-type mice. After exercise, mdx mice had lower basal oxygen consumption and exercise capacity, but similar maximal oxygen consumption. Skeletal muscle from these mice displayed increased oxidative stress. Collagen deposition was higher in exercised versus sedentary mice. CONCLUSIONS Exercised mdx mice exhibit increased oxidative stress, as well as deficits in exercise capacity, baseline oxygen consumption, and increased myofiber fibrosis. Muscle Nerve 54: 110-117, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin E Schill
- Department of Human Sciences, Kinesiology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Alex R Altenberger
- Department of Human Sciences, Kinesiology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeovanna Lowe
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Muthu Periasamy
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Frederick A Villamena
- Deparment of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - JIll A Rafael-Fortney
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Steven T Devor
- Department of Human Sciences, Kinesiology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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35
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Evaluation of the behavioral characteristics of the mdx mouse model of duchenne muscular dystrophy through operant conditioning procedures. Behav Processes 2017; 142:8-20. [PMID: 28532665 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The mdx mouse is an important nonhuman model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) research. Characterizing the behavioral traits of the strain relative to congenic wild-type (WT) mice may enhance our understanding of the cognitive deficits observed in some humans with DMD and contribute to treatment development and evaluation. In this paper we report the results of a number of experiments comparing the behavior of mdx to WT mice in operant conditioning procedures designed to assess learning and memory. We found that mdx outperformed WT in all learning and memory tasks involving food reinforcement, and this appeared to be related to the differential effects of the food deprivation motivating operation on mdx mice. Conversely, WT outperformed mdx in an escape/avoidance learning task. These results suggest motivational differences between the strains and demonstrate the potential utility of operant conditioning procedures in the assessment of the behavioral characteristics of the mdx mouse.
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36
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Wright CR, Allsopp GL, Addinsall AB, McRae NL, Andrikopoulos S, Stupka N. A Reduction in Selenoprotein S Amplifies the Inflammatory Profile of Fast-Twitch Skeletal Muscle in the mdx Dystrophic Mouse. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:7043429. [PMID: 28592916 PMCID: PMC5448157 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7043429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive inflammation is a hallmark of muscle myopathies, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). There is interest in characterising novel genes that regulate inflammation due to their potential to modify disease progression. Gene polymorphisms in Selenoprotein S (Seps1) are associated with elevated proinflammatory cytokines, and in vitro SEPS1 is protective against inflammatory stress. Given that SEPS1 is highly expressed in skeletal muscle, we investigated whether the genetic reduction of Seps1 exacerbated inflammation in the mdx mouse. F1 male mdx mice with a heterozygous Seps1 deletion (mdx:Seps1-/+) were generated. The mdx:Seps1-/+ mice had a 50% reduction in SEPS1 protein expression in hindlimb muscles. In the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles, mRNA expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (Mcp-1) (P = 0.034), macrophage marker F4/80 (P = 0.030), and transforming growth factor-β1 (Tgf-β1) (P = 0.056) were increased in mdx:Seps1-/+ mice. This was associated with a reduction in muscle fibre size; however, ex vivo EDL muscle strength and endurance were unaltered. In dystrophic slow twitch soleus muscles, SEPS1 reduction had no effect on the inflammatory profile nor function. In conclusion, the genetic reduction of Seps1 appears to specifically exacerbate the inflammatory profile of fast-twitch muscle fibres, which are typically more vulnerable to degeneration in dystrophy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Body Composition/genetics
- Body Composition/physiology
- Female
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Muscle Contraction/physiology
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/physiology
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/physiology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Selenoproteins/genetics
- Selenoproteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Robert Wright
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Giselle Larissa Allsopp
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Alex Bernard Addinsall
- Molecular Medical Research SRC, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Natasha Lee McRae
- Molecular Medical Research SRC, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Nicole Stupka
- Molecular Medical Research SRC, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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37
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Morici G, Frinchi M, Pitruzzella A, Di Liberto V, Barone R, Pace A, Di Felice V, Belluardo N, Cappello F, Mudò G, Bonsignore MR. Mild Aerobic Exercise Training Hardly Affects the Diaphragm of mdx Mice. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2044-2052. [PMID: 27576008 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the mdx mice model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), mild endurance exercise training positively affected limb skeletal muscles, whereas few and controversial data exist on the effects of training on the diaphragm. The diaphragm was examined in mdx (C57BL/10ScSn-Dmdmdx) and wild-type (WT, C57BL/10ScSc) mice under sedentary conditions (mdx-SD, WT-SD) and during mild exercise training (mdx-EX, WT-EX). At baseline, and after 30 and 45 days (training: 5 d/wk for 6 weeks), diaphragm muscle morphology and Cx39 protein were assessed. In addition, tissue levels of the chaperonins Hsp60 and Hsp70 and the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) were measured in diaphragm, gastrocnemius, and quadriceps in each experimental group at all time points. Although morphological analysis showed unchanged total area of necrosis/regeneration in the diaphragm after training, there was a trend for larger areas of regeneration than necrosis in the diaphragm of mdx-EX compared to mdx-SD mice. However, the levels of Cx39, a protein associated with active regeneration in damaged muscle, were similar in the diaphragm of mdx-EX and mdx-SD mice. Hsp60 significantly decreased at 45 days in the diaphragm, but not in limb muscles, in both trained and sedentary mdx compared to WT mice. In limb muscles, but not in the diaphragm, Hsp70 and NF-kB p65 levels were increased in mdx mice irrespective of training at 30 and 45 days. Therefore, the diaphragm of mdx mice showed little inflammatory and stress responses over time, and appeared hardly affected by mild endurance training. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2044-2052, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Morici
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche (BioNeC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare (IBIM), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Monica Frinchi
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche (BioNeC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pitruzzella
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche (BioNeC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Liberto
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche (BioNeC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosario Barone
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche (BioNeC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Pace
- Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia, Palermo, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari e Biomolecolari (STEMBIO)-University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Felice
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche (BioNeC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia, Palermo, Italy
| | - Natale Belluardo
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche (BioNeC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche (BioNeC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche (BioNeC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria R Bonsignore
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare (IBIM), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Palermo, Italy.,Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DiBiMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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38
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Hexose enhances oligonucleotide delivery and exon skipping in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10981. [PMID: 26964641 PMCID: PMC4793046 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate-based infusion solutions are widely used in the clinic. Here we show that co-administration of phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) with glucose enhances exon-skipping activity in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) mdx mice. We identify a glucose-fructose (GF) formulation that potentiates PMO activity, completely corrects aberrant Dmd transcripts, restores dystrophin levels in skeletal muscles and achieves functional rescue without detectable toxicity. This activity is attributed to enhancement of GF-mediated PMO uptake in the muscle. We demonstrate that PMO cellular uptake is energy dependent, and that ATP from GF metabolism contributes to enhanced cellular uptake of PMO in the muscle. Collectively, we show that GF potentiates PMO activity by replenishing cellular energy stores under energy-deficient conditions in mdx mice. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into hexose-mediated oligonucleotide delivery and have important implications for the development of DMD exon-skipping therapy.
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39
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Morici G, Rappa F, Cappello F, Pace E, Pace A, Mudò G, Crescimanno G, Belluardo N, Bonsignore MR. Lack of Dystrophin Affects Bronchial Epithelium inmdxMice. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2218-23. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Morici
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina e Neuroscienze Cliniche (BioNeC); University of Palermo; Palermo Sicilia Italy
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare (IBIM); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Palermo Sicilia Italy
| | - Francesca Rappa
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina e Neuroscienze Cliniche (BioNeC); University of Palermo; Palermo Sicilia Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Giuridiche della Società e dello Sport; University of Palermo; Palermo Sicilia Italy
- Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia; Palermo Sicilia Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina e Neuroscienze Cliniche (BioNeC); University of Palermo; Palermo Sicilia Italy
- Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia; Palermo Sicilia Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare (IBIM); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Palermo Sicilia Italy
| | - Andrea Pace
- Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia; Palermo Sicilia Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF); University of Palermo; Palermo Sicilia Italy
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina e Neuroscienze Cliniche (BioNeC); University of Palermo; Palermo Sicilia Italy
| | - Grazia Crescimanno
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare (IBIM); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Palermo Sicilia Italy
| | - Natale Belluardo
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina e Neuroscienze Cliniche (BioNeC); University of Palermo; Palermo Sicilia Italy
| | - Maria R. Bonsignore
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare (IBIM); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Palermo Sicilia Italy
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DiBiMIS); University of Palermo; Palermo Sicilia Italy
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40
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de Greef JC, Hamlyn R, Jensen BS, O'Campo Landa R, Levy JR, Kobuke K, Campbell KP. Collagen VI deficiency reduces muscle pathology, but does not improve muscle function, in the γ-sarcoglycan-null mouse. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:1357-69. [PMID: 26908621 PMCID: PMC4787905 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophy is characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness and dystrophic muscle exhibits degeneration and regeneration of muscle cells, inflammation and fibrosis. Skeletal muscle fibrosis is an excessive deposition of components of the extracellular matrix including an accumulation of Collagen VI. We hypothesized that a reduction of Collagen VI in a muscular dystrophy model that presents with fibrosis would result in reduced muscle pathology and improved muscle function. To test this hypothesis, we crossed γ-sarcoglycan-null mice, a model of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2C, with a Col6a2-deficient mouse model. We found that the resulting γ-sarcoglycan-null/Col6a2Δex5 mice indeed exhibit reduced muscle pathology compared with γ-sarcoglycan-null mice. Specifically, fewer muscle fibers are degenerating, fiber size varies less, Evans blue dye uptake is reduced and serum creatine kinase levels are lower. Surprisingly, in spite of this reduction in muscle pathology, muscle function is not significantly improved. In fact, grip strength and maximum isometric tetanic force are even lower in γ-sarcoglycan-null/Col6a2Δex5 mice than in γ-sarcoglycan-null mice. In conclusion, our results reveal that Collagen VI-mediated fibrosis contributes to skeletal muscle pathology in γ-sarcoglycan-null mice. Importantly, however, our data also demonstrate that a reduction in skeletal muscle pathology does not necessarily lead to an improvement of skeletal muscle function, and this should be considered in future translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C de Greef
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology and Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Rebecca Hamlyn
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology and Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Braden S Jensen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology and Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Raul O'Campo Landa
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology and Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jennifer R Levy
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology and Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Kobuke
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology and Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kevin P Campbell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology and Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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41
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Hafner P, Bonati U, Erne B, Schmid M, Rubino D, Pohlman U, Peters T, Rutz E, Frank S, Neuhaus C, Deuster S, Gloor M, Bieri O, Fischmann A, Sinnreich M, Gueven N, Fischer D. Improved Muscle Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy through L-Arginine and Metformin: An Investigator-Initiated, Open-Label, Single-Center, Proof-Of-Concept-Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147634. [PMID: 26799743 PMCID: PMC4723144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered neuronal nitric oxide synthase function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy leads to impaired mitochondrial function which is thought to be one cause of muscle damage in this disease. The study tested if increased intramuscular nitric oxide concentration can improve mitochondrial energy metabolism in Duchenne muscular dystrophy using a novel therapeutic approach through the combination of L-arginine with metformin. Five ambulatory, genetically confirmed Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients aged between 7–10 years were treated with L-arginine (3 x 2.5 g/d) and metformin (2 x 250 mg/d) for 16 weeks. Treatment effects were assessed using mitochondrial protein expression analysis in muscular biopsies, indirect calorimetry, Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry, quantitative thigh muscle MRI, and clinical scores of muscle performance. There were no serious side effects and no patient dropped out. Muscle biopsy results showed pre-treatment a significantly reduced mitochondrial protein expression and increased oxidative stress in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients compared to controls. Post-treatment a significant elevation of proteins of the mitochondrial electron transport chain was observed as well as a reduction in oxidative stress. Treatment also decreased resting energy expenditure rates and energy substrate use shifted from carbohydrates to fatty acids. These changes were associated with improved clinical scores. In conclusion pharmacological stimulation of the nitric oxide pathway leads to improved mitochondria function and clinically a slowing of disease progression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. This study shall lead to further development of this novel therapeutic approach into a real alternative for Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Hafner
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Bonati
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beat Erne
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maurice Schmid
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Rubino
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Pohlman
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Peters
- Interdisciplinary Center of Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases, St. Claraspital, Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erich Rutz
- Paediatric Orthopaedic Department, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Frank
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Neuhaus
- Therapy Department, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Deuster
- Hospital Pharmacy, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Monika Gloor
- Department of Radiology, Division of Radiological Physics, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Bieri
- Department of Radiology, Division of Radiological Physics, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arne Fischmann
- Division of Neuroradiology, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Sinnreich
- Department of Neurology, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nuri Gueven
- Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Dirk Fischer
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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42
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Terrill JR, Pinniger GJ, Graves JA, Grounds MD, Arthur PG. Increasing taurine intake and taurine synthesis improves skeletal muscle function in the mdx mouse model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Physiol 2016; 594:3095-110. [PMID: 26659826 DOI: 10.1113/jp271418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal muscle wasting disease associated with increased inflammation, oxidative stress and myofibre necrosis. Cysteine precursor antioxidants such as N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and l-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate (OTC) reduce dystropathology in the mdx mouse model for DMD, and we propose this is via increased synthesis of the amino acid taurine. We compared the capacity of OTC and taurine treatment to increase taurine content of mdx muscle, as well as effects on in vivo and ex vivo muscle function, inflammation and oxidative stress. Both treatments increased taurine in muscles, and improved many aspects of muscle function and reduced inflammation. Taurine treatment also reduced protein thiol oxidation and was overall more effective, as OTC treatment reduced body and muscle weight, suggesting some adverse effects of this drug. These data suggest that increasing dietary taurine is a better candidate for a therapeutic intervention for DMD. ABSTRACT Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal muscle wasting disease for which there is no widely available cure. Whilst the mechanism of loss of muscle function in DMD and the mdx mouse model are not fully understood, disruptions in intracellular calcium homeostasis, inflammation and oxidative stress are implicated. We have shown that protein thiol oxidation is increased in mdx muscle, and that the indirect thiol antioxidant l-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate (OTC), which increases cysteine availability, decreases pathology and increases in vivo strength. We propose that the protective effects of OTC are a consequence of conversion of cysteine to taurine, which has itself been shown to be beneficial to mdx pathology. This study compares the efficacy of taurine with OTC in decreasing dystropathology in mdx mice by measuring in vivo and ex vivo contractile function and measurements of inflammation and protein thiol oxidation. Increasing the taurine content of mdx muscle improved both in vivo and ex vivo muscle strength and function, potentially via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of taurine. OTC treatment increased taurine synthesis in the liver and taurine content of mdx muscle, improved muscle function and decreased inflammation. However, OTC was less effective than taurine treatment, with OTC also decreasing body and EDL muscle weights, suggesting that OTC had some detrimental effects. These data support continued research into the use of taurine as a therapeutic intervention for DMD, and suggest that increasing dietary taurine is the better strategy for increasing taurine content and decreasing severity of dystropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Terrill
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia.,School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Gavin J Pinniger
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Jamie A Graves
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Miranda D Grounds
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Peter G Arthur
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
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Terrill JR, Grounds MD, Arthur PG. Taurine deficiency, synthesis and transport in the mdx mouse model for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 66:141-8. [PMID: 26239309 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The amino acid taurine is essential for the function of skeletal muscle and administration is proposed as a treatment for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). Taurine homeostasis is dependent on multiple processes including absorption of taurine from food, endogenous synthesis from cysteine and reabsorption in the kidney. This study investigates the cause of reported taurine deficiency in the dystrophic mdx mouse model of DMD. Levels of metabolites (taurine, cysteine, cysteine sulfinate and hypotaurine) and proteins (taurine transporter [TauT], cysteine deoxygenase and cysteine sulfinate dehydrogenase) were quantified in juvenile control C57 and dystrophic mdx mice aged 18 days, 4 and 6 weeks. In C57 mice, taurine content was much higher in both liver and plasma at 18 days, and both cysteine and cysteine deoxygenase were increased. As taurine levels decreased in maturing C57 mice, there was increased transport (reabsorption) of taurine in the kidney and muscle. In mdx mice, taurine and cysteine levels were much lower in liver and plasma at 18 days, and in muscle cysteine was low at 18 days, whereas taurine was lower at 4: these changes were associated with perturbations in taurine transport in liver, kidney and muscle and altered metabolism in liver and kidney. These data suggest that the maintenance of adequate body taurine relies on sufficient dietary intake of taurine and cysteine availability and metabolism, as well as retention of taurine by the kidney. This research indicates dystrophin deficiency not only perturbs taurine metabolism in the muscle but also affects taurine metabolism in the liver and kidney, and supports targeting cysteine and taurine deficiency as a potential therapy for DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Terrill
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, the University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Miranda D Grounds
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, the University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Peter G Arthur
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Duddy W, Duguez S, Johnston H, Cohen TV, Phadke A, Gordish-Dressman H, Nagaraju K, Gnocchi V, Low S, Partridge T. Muscular dystrophy in the mdx mouse is a severe myopathy compounded by hypotrophy, hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Skelet Muscle 2015; 5:16. [PMID: 25987977 PMCID: PMC4434871 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-015-0041-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical testing of potential therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is conducted predominantly of the mdx mouse. But lack of a detailed quantitative description of the pathology of this animal limits our ability to evaluate the effectiveness of putative therapies or their relevance to DMD. METHODS Accordingly, we have measured the main cellular components of muscle growth and regeneration over the period of postnatal growth and early pathology in mdx and wild-type (WT) mice; phalloidin binding is used as a measure of fibre size, myonuclear counts and BrdU labelling as records of myogenic activity. RESULTS We confirm a two-phase postnatal growth pattern in WT muscle: first, increase in myonuclear number over weeks 1 to 3, then expansion of myonuclear domain. Mdx muscle growth lags behind that of WT prior to overt signs of pathology. Fibres are smaller, with fewer myonuclei and smaller myonuclear domains. Moreover, satellite cells are more readily detached from mdx than WT muscle fibres. At 3 weeks, mdx muscles enter a phase of florid myonecrosis, accompanied by concurrent regeneration of an intensity that results in complete replacement of pre-existing muscle over the succeeding 3 to 4 weeks. Both WT and mdx muscles attain maximum size by 12 to 14 weeks, mdx muscle fibres being up to 50% larger than those of WT as they become increasingly branched. Mdx muscle fibres also become hypernucleated, containing twice as many myonuclei per sarcoplasmic volume, as those of WT, the excess corresponding to the number of centrally placed myonuclei. CONCLUSIONS The best-known consequence of lack of dystrophin that is common to DMD and the mdx mouse is the conspicuous necrosis and regeneration of muscle fibres. We present protocols for measuring this in terms both of loss of muscle nuclei previously labelled with BrdU and of the intensity of myonuclear labelling with BrdU administered during the regeneration period. Both measurements can be used to assess the efficacy of putative antinecrotic agents. We also show that lack of dystrophin is associated with a number of previously unsuspected abnormalities of muscle fibre structure and function that do not appear to be directly associated with myonecrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Duddy
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington DC, 20010 USA ; Myology Center of Research, Institut de Myologie Pitié-Salpétrière - Bâtiment Babinski, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Stephanie Duguez
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington DC, 20010 USA ; Myology Center of Research, Institut de Myologie Pitié-Salpétrière - Bâtiment Babinski, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Helen Johnston
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington DC, 20010 USA
| | - Tatiana V Cohen
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington DC, 20010 USA ; Center for Genetic Muscle Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 801 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Aditi Phadke
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington DC, 20010 USA
| | - Heather Gordish-Dressman
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington DC, 20010 USA
| | - Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington DC, 20010 USA
| | - Viola Gnocchi
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington DC, 20010 USA
| | - SiewHui Low
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
| | - Terence Partridge
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington DC, 20010 USA
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Pant M, Sopariwala DH, Bal NC, Lowe J, Delfín DA, Rafael-Fortney J, Periasamy M. Metabolic dysfunction and altered mitochondrial dynamics in the utrophin-dystrophin deficient mouse model of duchenne muscular dystrophy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123875. [PMID: 25859846 PMCID: PMC4393257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The utrophin-dystrophin deficient (DKO) mouse model has been widely used to understand the progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). However, it is unclear as to what extent muscle pathology affects metabolism. Therefore, the present study was focused on understanding energy expenditure in the whole animal and in isolated extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle and to determine changes in metabolic enzymes. Our results show that the 8 week-old DKO mice consume higher oxygen relative to activity levels. Interestingly the EDL muscle from DKO mouse consumes higher oxygen per unit integral force, generates less force and performs better in the presence of pyruvate thus mimicking a slow twitch muscle. We also found that the expression of hexokinase 1 and pyruvate kinase M2 was upregulated several fold suggesting increased glycolytic flux. Additionally, there is a dramatic increase in dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp 1) and mitofusin 2 protein levels suggesting increased mitochondrial fission and fusion, a feature associated with increased energy demand and altered mitochondrial dynamics. Collectively our studies point out that the dystrophic disease has caused significant changes in muscle metabolism. To meet the increased energetic demand, upregulation of metabolic enzymes and regulators of mitochondrial fusion and fission is observed in the dystrophic muscle. A better understanding of the metabolic demands and the accompanied alterations in the dystrophic muscle can help us design improved intervention therapies along with existing drug treatments for the DMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Pant
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Danesh H. Sopariwala
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Naresh C. Bal
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Jeovanna Lowe
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Dawn A. Delfín
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Jill Rafael-Fortney
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Muthu Periasamy
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Pimentel GD, Ganeshan K, Carvalheira JBC. Hypothalamic inflammation and the central nervous system control of energy homeostasis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 397:15-22. [PMID: 24952114 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The control of energy homeostasis relies on robust neuronal circuits that regulate food intake and energy expenditure. Although the physiology of these circuits is well understood, the molecular and cellular response of this program to chronic diseases is still largely unclear. Hypothalamic inflammation has emerged as a major driver of energy homeostasis dysfunction in both obesity and anorexia. Importantly, this inflammation disrupts the action of metabolic signals promoting anabolism or supporting catabolism. In this review, we address the evidence that favors hypothalamic inflammation as a factor that resets energy homeostasis in pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo D Pimentel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kirthana Ganeshan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158-9001, United States
| | - José B C Carvalheira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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The need to more precisely define aspects of skeletal muscle regeneration. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 56:56-65. [PMID: 25242742 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A more precise definition of the term 'skeletal muscle regeneration' is required to reduce confusion and misconceptions. In this paper the term is used only for events that follow myofibre necrosis, to result in myogenesis and new muscle formation: other key events include early inflammation and revascularisation, and later fibrosis and re-innervation. The term 'muscle regeneration' is sometimes used casually for situations that do not involve myonecrosis; such as restoration of muscle mass by hypertrophy after atrophy, and other forms of damage to muscle tissue components. These situations are excluded from the definition in this paper which is focussed on mammalian muscles with the long-term aim of clinical translation to enhance new muscle formation after acute or chronic injury or during surgery to replace whole muscles. The paper briefly outlines the cellular events involved in myogenesis during development and post-natal muscle growth, discusses the role of satellite cells in mature normal muscles, and the likely incidence of myofibre necrosis/regeneration in healthy ageing mammals (even when subjected to exercise). The importance of the various components of regeneration is outlined to emphasise that problems in each of these aspects can influence overall new muscle formation; thus care is needed for correct interpretation of altered kinetics. Various markers used to identify regenerating myofibres are critically discussed and, since these can all occur in other conditions, caution is required for accurate interpretation of these cellular events. Finally, clinical situations are outlined where there is a need to enhance skeletal muscle regeneration: these include acute and chronic injuries or transplantation with bioengineering to form new muscles, therapeutic approaches to muscular dystrophies, and comment on proposed stem cell therapies to reduce age-related loss of muscle mass and function. This article is part of a directed issue entitled: Regenerative Medicine: the challenge of translation.
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Fiorotto ML, Davis TA, Sosa HA, Villegas-Montoya C, Estrada I, Fleischmann R. Ribosome abundance regulates the recovery of skeletal muscle protein mass upon recuperation from postnatal undernutrition in mice. J Physiol 2014; 592:5269-86. [PMID: 25239457 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.279067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritionally-induced growth faltering in the perinatal period has been associated with reduced adult skeletal muscle mass; however, the mechanisms responsible for this are unclear. To identify the factors that determine the recuperative capacity of muscle mass, we studied offspring of FVB mouse dams fed a protein-restricted diet during gestation (GLP) or pups suckled from postnatal day 1 (PN1) to PN11 (E-UN), or PN11 to PN22 (L-UN) on protein-restricted or control dams. All pups were refed under control conditions following the episode of undernutrition. Before refeeding, and 2, 7 and 21 days later, muscle protein synthesis was measured in vivo. There were no long-term deficits in protein mass in GLP and E-UN offspring, but in L-UN offspring muscle protein mass remained significantly smaller even after 18 months (P < 0.001). E-UN differed from L-UN offspring by their capacity to upregulate postprandial muscle protein synthesis when refed (P < 0.001), a difference that was attributable to a transient increase in ribosomal abundance, i.e. translational capacity, in E-UN offspring (P < 0.05); translational efficiency was similar across dietary treatments. The postprandial phosphorylation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases were similar among treatments. However, activation of the ribosomal S6 kinase 1 via mTOR (P < 0.02), and total upstream binding factor abundance were significantly greater in E-UN than L-UN offspring (P < 0.02). The results indicate that the capacity of muscles to recover following perinatal undernutrition depends on developmental age as this establishes whether ribosome abundance can be enhanced sufficiently to promote the protein synthesis rates required to accelerate protein deposition for catch-up growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta L Fiorotto
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Teresa A Davis
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Horacio A Sosa
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Carolina Villegas-Montoya
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Irma Estrada
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ryan Fleischmann
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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