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董 明, 王 喜, 焦 富, 张 维. [Research advances in genetic polymorphisms in Kawasaki disease]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2023; 25:1234-1238. [PMID: 38112140 PMCID: PMC10731961 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2308073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic inflammatory vascular disorder that predominantly affects children and is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children. Although the etiology of this disease remains unclear, genome-wide association and genome-wide linkage studies have shown that some susceptible genes and chromosomal regions are associated with the development and progression of KD. With the advancement of high-throughput DNA sequencing techniques, more and more genomic information related to KD is being discovered. Understanding the genes involved in the pathogenesis of KD may provide novel insights into the diagnosis and treatment of KD. By analyzing related articles and summarizing related research advances, this article mainly discusses the T cell activation-enhancing genes that have been confirmed to be closely associated with the development and progression of KD and reveals their association with the pathogenesis of KD and coronary artery lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - 富勇 焦
- 陕西省川崎病诊疗中心/陕西省人民医院 儿童病院,陕西西安710068
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Liu J, Yuan P, Pang Y, Su D. ITPKC polymorphism (rs7251246 T > C), coronary artery aneurysms, and thrombosis in patients with Kawasaki disease in a Southern Han Chinese population. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1184162. [PMID: 37404818 PMCID: PMC10315485 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1184162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Kawasaki disease (KD) is a commonly acquired pediatric systemic vasculitis disease resulting in coronary artery aneurysm (CAA). The relationship between the ITPKC polymorphism (rs7251246) and the severity and susceptibility to KD in the Han Chinese population in Southern China remains unclear. Methods We enrolled 262 children as controls and 221 children with KD (46 [20.8%] with intravenous immunoglobulin resistance and 82 [37.1%] with CAA). The relationship between the ITPKC rs7251246 polymorphism, KD susceptibility, and CAA formation was investigated. Results While the ITPKC rs7251246 T>C polymorphism was not significantly associated with KD susceptibility, it was significantly related to the CAA risk in children with KD [CC/CT vs. TT: adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.089, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.085-4.020]. Male children with the rs7251246 CT/TT genotype had a significantly lower risk of thrombosis [CT/TT vs. CC: adjusted OR 0.251, 95% CI 0.068-0.923]. Children with KD, especially those with CAA, had significantly downregulated ITPKC mRNA compared to healthy children. ITPKC mRNA levels were lower in children with CAA who developed thrombosis (P=0.039). In children with KD, the CC genotype showed lower mRNA levels of ITPKC (P=0.035). Conclusion The ITPKC rs7251246 T>C polymorphism may be a risk factor for CAA and thrombosis in children with KD in the Han Chinese population, likely due to differences in mature mRNA levels caused by interference of RNA splicing. Dual antiplatelet therapy for thrombosis is recommended for male children with the rs7251246 CC genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Danyan Su
- *Correspondence: Yusheng Pang, ; Danyan Su,
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Comparison of COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Myocarditis and Viral Myocarditis Pathology. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020362. [PMID: 36851240 PMCID: PMC9967770 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant loss of life and severe disability, justifying the expedited testing and approval of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines. While found to be safe and effective, there have been increasing reports of myocarditis after COVID-19 mRNA vaccine administration. The acute events have been severe enough to require admission to the intensive care unit in some, but most patients fully recover with only rare deaths reported. The pathways involved in the development of vaccine-associated myocarditis are highly dependent on the specific vaccine. COVID-19 vaccine-associated myocarditis is believed to be primarily caused by uncontrolled cytokine-mediated inflammation with possible genetic components in the interleukin-6 signaling pathway. There is also a potential autoimmune component via molecular mimicry. Many of these pathways are similar to those seen in viral myocarditis, indicating a common pathophysiology. There is concern for residual cardiac fibrosis and increased risk for the development of cardiomyopathies later in life. This is of particular interest for patients with congenital heart defects who are already at increased risk for fibrotic cardiomyopathies. Though the risk for vaccine-associated myocarditis is important to consider, the risk of viral myocarditis and other injury is far greater with COVID-19 infection. Considering these relative risks, it is still recommended that the general public receive vaccination against COVID-19, and it is particularly important for congenital heart defect patients to receive vaccination for COVID-19.
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Association of ITPKC gene polymorphisms rs28493229 and rs2290692 in North Indian children with Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:1090-1098. [PMID: 34952936 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01830-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of several genes are linked to the etiopathogenesis of Kawasaki disease (KD). Association of SNPs of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate-3-kinase C (ITPKC) gene with susceptibility to KD and coronary artery lesions (CALs) has been observed in children of certain ethnicities, but not from others. The present study was planned to explore this genetic association in the North Indian cohort. METHODS Fifty children with KD and 50 age- and sex-matched controls were studied for two SNPs (rs28493229 and rs2290692) of the ITPKC gene using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Findings were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. A meta-analysis was also carried out for GG and CC genotypes of the SNPs. RESULTS There was significant association between KD susceptibility and CG + GG genotype of rs2290692 (p = 0.015, odds ratio = 4.1, 95% confidence interval = 1.38-13.83). None of the single alleles or genotypes of the SNPs of ITPKC were, however, significantly associated with KD susceptibility. A meta-analysis also did not show any significant association of these SNPs to KD susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that ITPKC gene SNPs (rs28493229 and rs2290692) did not have a significant association with susceptibility to KD in children from North India. Larger multicentric studies incorporating different ethnicities are required to understand the genetic basis of KD. IMPACT While SNP rs28493229 of the ITPKC gene is not found to be associated with susceptibility to KD, the combined genotype of SNP rs2290692 is shown to be associated. Impact of ITPKC gene SNP on KD is different across different races and ethnicities. We could find an association of the combined genotype of rs2290692 with it in the Indian population. This study highlights that phenotype and genotypic association of KD varies with ethnicities. Larger multicentric studies are required to reach a conclusion regarding the genetic association of KD.
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Wang Y, Lin K, Zhang L, Lin Y, Yu H, Xu Y, Fu L, Pi L, Li J, Mai H, Wei B, Jiang Z, Che D, Gu X. The rs7404339 AA Genotype in CDH5 Contributes to Increased Risks of Kawasaki Disease and Coronary Artery Lesions in a Southern Chinese Child Population. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:760982. [PMID: 35571208 PMCID: PMC9095914 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.760982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, self-limited febrile illness of unknown cause. And it predominantly affects children <5 years and the main complication is coronary artery lesion (CAL). Studies demonstrated that vascular endothelial cells (VECs) played a very important role in the CAL of KD. VE-cad encoded by CDH5 may exert a relevant role in endothelial cell biology through controlling the cohesion of the intercellular junctions. The pathogenesis of KD remains unclear and genetic factors may increase susceptibility of KD. However, the relationship between CDH5 polymorphisms and KD susceptibility has not been reported before. The present study is aimed at investigating whether the rs7404339 polymorphism in CDH5 is associated with KD susceptibility and CAL in a southern Chinese child population. Methods and Results We recruited 1,335 patients with KD and 1,669 healthy children. Each participant had supplied 2 mL of fresh blood in the clinical biologic bank at our hospital for other studies. Multiplex PCR is used to assess the genotypes of rs7404339 polymorphism in CDH5. According to the results, we found significant correlated relationship between rs7404339 polymorphism in CDH5 and KD susceptibility [AA vs. GG: adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.00-2.05; p = 0.0493; recessive model: adjusted OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.01-2.06, P = 0.0431]. In further stratified analysis, we found that children younger than 60 months (adjusted OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.01-2.10; p = 0.0424) and male (adjusted OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.09-2.65; p = 0.0203) with the rs7404339 AA genotype in CDH5 had a higher risk of KD than carriers of the GA/GG genotype. Furthermore, stratification analysis revealed that patients with the rs7404339 AA genotype exhibited the significantly higher onset risk for CAL than carriers of the GA/GG genotype (adjusted age and gender odds ratio = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.01-2.41; P = 0.0433). Conclusion Our results showed that rs7404339 AA genotype in CDH5 is significant associated with KD susceptibility. And children younger than 60 months and male with the rs7404339 AA genotype had a higher risk of KD than carriers with the GA/GG genotype. Furthermore, patients with the rs7404339 AA genotype exhibited a significantly higher risk of CAL complication than carriers of the GA/GG genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishuai Wang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Lin
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyuan Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueling Lin
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Yu
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufen Xu
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanyan Fu
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Pi
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinqing Li
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanran Mai
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Wei
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Che
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Gu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
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Porritt RA, Zemmour D, Abe M, Lee Y, Narayanan M, Carvalho TT, Gomez AC, Martinon D, Santiskulvong C, Fishbein MC, Chen S, Crother TR, Shimada K, Arditi M, Noval Rivas M. NLRP3 Inflammasome Mediates Immune-Stromal Interactions in Vasculitis. Circ Res 2021; 129:e183-e200. [PMID: 34517723 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Porritt
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC) (R.A.P., M.A., Y.L., M.N., T.T.d.C., A.C.G., D.M., S.C., T.R.C., K.S., M.A., M.N.R.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - David Zemmour
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (D.Z.)
| | - Masanori Abe
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC) (R.A.P., M.A., Y.L., M.N., T.T.d.C., A.C.G., D.M., S.C., T.R.C., K.S., M.A., M.N.R.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Youngho Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC) (R.A.P., M.A., Y.L., M.N., T.T.d.C., A.C.G., D.M., S.C., T.R.C., K.S., M.A., M.N.R.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Meena Narayanan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC) (R.A.P., M.A., Y.L., M.N., T.T.d.C., A.C.G., D.M., S.C., T.R.C., K.S., M.A., M.N.R.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Thacyana T Carvalho
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC) (R.A.P., M.A., Y.L., M.N., T.T.d.C., A.C.G., D.M., S.C., T.R.C., K.S., M.A., M.N.R.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Angela C Gomez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC) (R.A.P., M.A., Y.L., M.N., T.T.d.C., A.C.G., D.M., S.C., T.R.C., K.S., M.A., M.N.R.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Daisy Martinon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC) (R.A.P., M.A., Y.L., M.N., T.T.d.C., A.C.G., D.M., S.C., T.R.C., K.S., M.A., M.N.R.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Chintda Santiskulvong
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC) (R.A.P., M.A., Y.L., M.N., T.T.d.C., A.C.G., D.M., S.C., T.R.C., K.S., M.A., M.N.R.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.,CS Cancer (C.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michael C Fishbein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (M.C.F.)
| | | | - Timothy R Crother
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC) (R.A.P., M.A., Y.L., M.N., T.T.d.C., A.C.G., D.M., S.C., T.R.C., K.S., M.A., M.N.R.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kenichi Shimada
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC) (R.A.P., M.A., Y.L., M.N., T.T.d.C., A.C.G., D.M., S.C., T.R.C., K.S., M.A., M.N.R.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC) (R.A.P., M.A., Y.L., M.N., T.T.d.C., A.C.G., D.M., S.C., T.R.C., K.S., M.A., M.N.R.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.,Smidt Heart Institute (M.A.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Magali Noval Rivas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC) (R.A.P., M.A., Y.L., M.N., T.T.d.C., A.C.G., D.M., S.C., T.R.C., K.S., M.A., M.N.R.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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Lin K, Zhang L, Wang Y, Li J, Xu Y, Che D, Mai H, Yu H, Fu L, Wei B, Jiang Z, Pi L, Gu X. FNDC1 Polymorphism (rs3003174 C > T) Increased the Incidence of Coronary Artery Aneurysm in Patients with Kawasaki Disease in a Southern Chinese Population. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:2633-2640. [PMID: 34188513 PMCID: PMC8232870 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s311956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A large number of studies demonstrated that the key to the occurrence and development of Kawasaki disease (KD) is the over-activation of immune cells and the generation of various inflammatory factors, leading to the imbalance of the immune system. Recently, mutations in the FNDC1 gene have been shown to be associated with inflammatory responses. However, there have been no reports on the relationship between FNDC1 gene and KD so far. Methods We enrolled 1611 controls and 1459 patients with KD, including 372 patients with coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) and 179 patients with coronary artery lesion (CAL). The relationship between FNDC1 rs3003174 polymorphism and KD with CAA or without CAA was investigated. Results This study showed no evidence that the association between FNDC1 rs3003174 C>T polymorphism and KD susceptibility was statistically significant (CT versus CC: adjusted odds ratio (OR) =0.897, 95% confidence interval (CI) =0.769–1.045, P=0.162; TT versus CC: adjusted OR=0.995, 95% CI=0.786–1.260, P=0.968; dominant model: adjusted OR=0.916, 95% CI=0.792–1.059, P=0.235; and recessive model: adjusted OR=1.055, 95% CI=0.845–1.316, P=0.638). However, our further stratified analysis in the control and KD group bore out that the incidence of TT genotype of FNDC1 rs3003174 C > T polymorphism was higher than that of CC/CT genotype in KD patients stratified by CAA (adjusted OR=1.437, 95% CI=1.034–1.996, P=0.031). Moreover, a stratified analysis of age and gender in KD patients indicated that the rs3003174 TT genotype increased the risk of CAA formation in aged ≦60 months (CC/CT vs TT: adjusted OR=1.580, 95% CI=1.106–2.259, P=0.012) and male (CC/CT vs TT: adjusted OR=1.653, 95% CI=1.101–2.481, P=0.015) KD patients. Conclusion The results of this study demonstrated that the FNDC1 rs3003174 C>T polymorphism may be a hazard factor in the formation of CAA in KD patients that was not disclosed before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Lin
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China.,Department of Blood Transfusion and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Linyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China.,Department of Blood Transfusion and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Yishuai Wang
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China.,Department of Blood Transfusion and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinqing Li
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufen Xu
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Che
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanran Mai
- Department of Andrology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center. Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Yu
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanyan Fu
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Wei
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Pi
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiong Gu
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China.,Department of Blood Transfusion and Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, People's Republic of China
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Hsu YW, Lu HF, Chou WH, Kuo HC, Chang WC. Functional correlations between CXCL10/IP10 gene polymorphisms and risk of Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:363-370. [PMID: 32989803 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis syndrome with unknown pathogen. The immune system has been suggested to involve in the pathogenesis in KD. IP10 is a chemoattractant for initiating T-cell activation. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms of IP10 and KD. METHODS A total of 354 KD patients and 1,709 control subjects (709 subjects in cohort 1 and 1,000 subjects in cohort 2) were enrolled in this study. Four tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs3921, rs4256246, rs4508917, and rs4386624) were chosen for genotyping. RESULTS Our results indicated that CC genotype of rs3921 and GG genotype of rs4386624 had higher frequency in KD patients compared to control. In addition, higher plasma IP10 level was observed in CC genotype of rs3921 than CG genotype and GG genotype. C/G haplotype carriers of rs3921/rs4386624 had 5.48-fold risk for KD compared to G/C haplotype carriers. Two-locus analysis further showed the combinatorial effects of rs3921 and rs4386624 in KD susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated the close correlation between IP10 and the risk of Kawasaki disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Hsu
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Fang Lu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wan-Hsuan Chou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Chang Kuo
- Master's Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chiao Chang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Master's Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Integrative Research Center for Critical Care, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chang LS, Yan JH, Li JY, Yeter DD, Huang YH, Guo MMH, Lo MH, Kuo HC. Blood Mercury Levels in Children with Kawasaki Disease and Disease Outcome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103726. [PMID: 32466179 PMCID: PMC7277186 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The risk of ethnic Kawasaki disease (KD) has been proposed to be associated with blood mercury levels in American children. We investigated the blood levels of mercury in children with KD and their association with disease outcome. The mercury levels demonstrated a significantly negative correlation with sodium levels (p = 0.007). However, data failed to reach a significant difference after excluding the child with blood mercury exceeding the toxic value. The findings indicate that KD patients with lower sodium concentrations had a remarkably higher proportion of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance (p = 0.022). Our patients who had lower mercury levels (<0.5 μg/L) had more changes in bacille Calmette-Guerin. Mercury levels in 14/14 patients with coronary artery lesions and 4/4 patients with IVIG resistance were all measured to have values greater than 1 μg/L (while average values showed 0.92 μg/L in Asian American children). Mercury levels had no correlations with IVIG resistance or coronary artery lesion (CAL) formation (p > 0.05). CAL development was more common in the incomplete group than in the complete KD group (p = 0.019). In this first report about mercury levels in KD patients, we observed that the juvenile Taiwanese had higher mercury concentration in blood compared to other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Sai Chang
- Department of Pediatrics and Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (L.-S.C.); (Y.-H.H.); (M.M.-H.G.); (M.-H.L.)
| | - Jia-Huei Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613016, Taiwan;
| | - Jin-Yu Li
- Beijing Institute of Technology, School of Life Science, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Deniz Des Yeter
- KU School of Nursing, Nursing Associate Tech Adult Inpatient Psych KU Strawberry Hill Campus, Kansas City, KS 66101, USA;
| | - Ying-Hsien Huang
- Department of Pediatrics and Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (L.-S.C.); (Y.-H.H.); (M.M.-H.G.); (M.-H.L.)
| | - Mindy Ming-Huey Guo
- Department of Pediatrics and Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (L.-S.C.); (Y.-H.H.); (M.M.-H.G.); (M.-H.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Hung Lo
- Department of Pediatrics and Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (L.-S.C.); (Y.-H.H.); (M.M.-H.G.); (M.-H.L.)
| | - Ho-Chang Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics and Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (L.-S.C.); (Y.-H.H.); (M.M.-H.G.); (M.-H.L.)
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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van Stijn D, Slegers A, Zaaijer H, Kuijpers T. Lower CMV and EBV Exposure in Children With Kawasaki Disease Suggests an Under-Challenged Immune System. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:627957. [PMID: 33585370 PMCID: PMC7873854 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.627957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Kawasaki Disease (KD) is a pediatric vasculitis of which the pathogenesis is unclear. The hypothesis is that genetically pre-disposed children develop KD when they encounter a pathogen which remains most often unidentified or pathogen derived factors. Since age is a dominant factor, prior immune status in children could influence their reactivity and hence the acquisition of KD. We hypothesized that systemic immune responses early in life could protect against developing KD. With this study we tested whether the incidence of previous systemic cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is lower in children with KD compared to healthy age-matched controls. Methods and Results: We compared 86 KD patients with an age-matched control group regarding CMV and EBV VCA IgG measurements (taken before or 9 months after IVIG treatment). We found that both CMV and EBV had an almost 2-fold lower seroprevalence in the KD population than in the control group. Conclusions: We suggest that an under-challenged immune system causes an altered immune reactivity which may affect the response to a pathological trigger causing KD in susceptible children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana van Stijn
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Slegers
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hans Zaaijer
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Taco Kuijpers
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Amano Y, Akazawa Y, Yasuda J, Yoshino K, Kojima K, Kobayashi N, Matsuzaki S, Nagasaki M, Kawai Y, Minegishi N, Ishida N, Motoki N, Hachiya A, Nakazawa Y, Yamamoto M, Koike K, Takeshita T. A low-frequency IL4R locus variant in Japanese patients with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy-unresponsive Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2019; 17:34. [PMID: 31269967 PMCID: PMC6610867 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-019-0337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis which may be associated with coronary artery aneurysms. A notable risk factor for the development of coronary artery aneurysms is resistance to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy, which comprises standard treatment for the acute phase of KD. The cause of IVIG resistance in KD is largely unknown; however, the contribution of genetic factors, especially variants in immune-related genes, has been suspected. METHODS To explore genetic variants related to IVIG-unresponsiveness, we designated KD patients who did not respond to both first and second courses of IVIG therapy as IVIG-unresponsive patients. Using genomic DNA from 30 IVIG-unresponsive KD patients, we performed pooled genome sequencing targeting 39 immune-related cytokine receptor genes. RESULTS The single nucleotide variant (SNV), rs563535954 (located in the IL4R locus), was concentrated in IVIG-unresponsive KD patients. Individual genotyping showed that the minor allele of rs563535954 was present in 4/33 patients with IVIG-unresponsive KD, compared with 20/1063 individuals in the Japanese genome variation database (odds ratio = 7.19, 95% confidence interval 2.43-21.47). Furthermore, the minor allele of rs563535954 was absent in 42 KD patients who responded to IVIG treatment (P = 0.0337), indicating that a low-frequency variant, rs563535954, is associated with IVIG-unresponsiveness in KD patients. Although rs563535954 is located in the 3'-untranslated region of IL4R, there was no alternation in IL4R expression associated with the mior allele of rs563535954. However, IVIG-unresponsive patients that exhibited the minor allele of rs563535954 tended to be classified into the low-risk group (based on previously reported risk scores) for prediction of IVIG-resistance. Therefore, IVIG-unresponsiveness associated with the minor allele of rs563535954 might differ from IVIG-unresponsiveness associated with previous risk factors used to evaluate IVIG-unresponsiveness in KD. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the SNV rs563535954 could serve as a predictive indicator of IVIG-unresponsiveness, thereby improving the sensitivity of risk scoring systems, and may aid in prevention of coronary artery lesions in KD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Amano
- 0000 0001 1507 4692grid.263518.bDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621 Japan
| | - Yohei Akazawa
- 0000 0001 1507 4692grid.263518.bDepartment of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621 Japan
| | - Jun Yasuda
- 0000 0001 2248 6943grid.69566.3aTohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan ,0000 0001 2248 6943grid.69566.3aGraduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Yoshino
- 0000 0001 1507 4692grid.263518.bDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621 Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Kojima
- 0000 0001 1507 4692grid.263518.bDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621 Japan
| | - Norimoto Kobayashi
- 0000 0001 1507 4692grid.263518.bDepartment of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621 Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsuzaki
- 0000 0001 1507 4692grid.263518.bDepartment of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621 Japan
| | - Masao Nagasaki
- 0000 0001 2248 6943grid.69566.3aTohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan ,0000 0001 2248 6943grid.69566.3aGraduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan ,0000 0001 2248 6943grid.69566.3aGraduate School of Information Science, Tohoku University, 6-3-09, Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579 Japan
| | - Yosuke Kawai
- 0000 0001 2248 6943grid.69566.3aTohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan ,0000 0001 2248 6943grid.69566.3aGraduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Naoko Minegishi
- 0000 0001 2248 6943grid.69566.3aTohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan ,0000 0001 2248 6943grid.69566.3aGraduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Noriko Ishida
- 0000 0001 2248 6943grid.69566.3aTohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan ,0000 0001 2248 6943grid.69566.3aGraduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Noriko Motoki
- 0000 0001 1507 4692grid.263518.bDepartment of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621 Japan
| | - Akira Hachiya
- 0000 0001 1507 4692grid.263518.bDepartment of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621 Japan
| | - Yozo Nakazawa
- 0000 0001 1507 4692grid.263518.bDepartment of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621 Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- 0000 0001 2248 6943grid.69566.3aTohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan ,0000 0001 2248 6943grid.69566.3aGraduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Kenichi Koike
- 0000 0001 1507 4692grid.263518.bDepartment of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621 Japan ,Shinonoi General Hospital, Minami Nagano Center, 666-1 Shinonoi, Nagano City, Nagano 388-8004 Japan
| | - Toshikazu Takeshita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.
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Wang Y, Lu Z, Fu L, Tan Y, Che D, Huang P, Pi L, Xu Y, Liang Q, Zhang L, Qiu X, Gu X. The miRNA-608 rs4919510 G>C polymorphism confers reduce coronary injury of Kawasaki disease in a Southern Chinese population. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181660. [PMID: 31043452 PMCID: PMC6522709 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is also called mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome and is an acute febrile pediatric disease characterized by systemic vasculitis. KD typically occurs in children 5 years old or younger and occurs more often in males than in females. miRNA-608 has been reported to interact with interleukin-6 and affect innate immunity. The immune-mediated inflammation could induce the occurrence of KD; however, there is no previous research focused on the relationship between miRNA-608 polymorphism and the KD risk. The present study explored the correlation between the miRNA-608 rs4919510 G>C polymorphism and the risk for KD. We recruited 532 patients with KD and 623 controls to genotype the miRNA-608 rs4919510 G>C polymorphism with a TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. Single-locus analysis showed no significant association between miRNA rs4919510 G>C polymorphism and KD susceptibility. However in an analysis stratified by age, gender, and coronary artery lesion (CAL), we found a relationship between the miRNA-608 rs4919510 G>C polymorphism and KD susceptibility. When KD patients were stratified by coronary injury, the CG/CC genotypes of the miRNA-608 rs4919510 G>C polymorphism contributed to a higher occurrence of KD than that was found in the GG genotype patients (adjusted odds ratio = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.56-0.98, P = 0.033). The present study demonstrated that the miRNA-608 rs4919510 G>C polymorphism may have a CAL-related relationship with KD susceptibility that has not been previously revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaoliang Lu
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Lanyan Fu
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaqian Tan
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Di Che
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Pi
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Yufen Xu
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Qihua Liang
- Department of Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiantao Qiu
- Department of Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Gu
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
- Department of Clinical Lab, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
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Association of miR-146a Gene Polymorphism at loci rs2910164 G/C, rs57095329 A/G, and rs6864584 T/C with Susceptibility to Kawasaki Disease in Chinese Children. Pediatr Cardiol 2019; 40:504-512. [PMID: 30291383 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-018-2002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the genetic association of miR-146a gene polymorphisms at loci rs2910164 G/C, rs57095329 A/G, and rs6864584 T/C in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) and coronary artery lesions (CAL). METHODS There were 120 patients with KD and 126 healthy subjects in this study. The genotype of loci rs2910164 G/C, rs57095329 A/G, and rs6864584 T/C of miR-146a gene were detected by polymerase chain reaction-sequence-based typing. RESULTS For miR-146a gene polymorphisms at loci rs2910164 G/C, rs57095329 A/G, and rs6864584 T/C, there were no significant difference of genotype frequencies and allele frequencies between KD group and healthy control group, or between the IVIG-resistant group and IVIG-sensitive group (P > 0.05). In KD with coronary artery lesions (KD-CAL) group, the genotype frequencies of GG were higher than that in KD without coronary artery lesion (KD-WO) group at locus rs2910164 G/C polymorphisms of miR-146a gene (χ2 = 6.660, P = 0.036), patients with KD carried genotype of GG were at 3.636 times higher risk of getting coronary artery lesions than those of non-carriers (χ2 = 6.455, P = 0.018, OR = 3.636, 95%CI = 1.280-10.262). While there was no significant difference of allele frequency of G and C between KD-CAL group and KD-WO group (P > 0.05). In KD-CAL group, the allele frequency of A was higher than that in KD-WO group at locus rs57095329 A/G polymorphisms of miR-146a gene (χ2 = 4.745, P = 0.035), carriers with allele A were at 2.422 times higher risk of getting coronary artery lesions than those of non-carriers (χ2 = 4.745, P = 0.035, OR = 2.422, 95%CI = 1.073-5.465), while there was no significant difference of genotype frequency of AA, AG, and GG types between KD-CAL group and KD-WO group (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference of genotype frequencies of TT, TC, and CC types and allele frequencies of T and C types between KD-CAL group and KD-WO group at locus rs6864584 T/C polymorphisms of miR-146a gene (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The significant association has been found between the genotype and allele frequency of the miR-146a gene loci rs2910164 G/C and rs57095329 A/G, the genotype GG of rs2910164 G/C, and allele A of rs57095329 A/G were risk factors for getting coronary artery lesions.
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An Angiotensinogen Gene Polymorphism (rs5050) Is Associated with the Risk of Coronary Artery Aneurysm in Southern Chinese Children with Kawasaki Disease. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:2849695. [PMID: 30719178 PMCID: PMC6335657 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2849695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis disease that commonly causes acquired heart disease in children. Coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) is a major complication of KD. However, the pathogenesis of KD remains unclear. The results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) showed that two functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs699A>G and rs5050T>G) in the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene were related to cardiovascular disease susceptibility. The purpose of our study was to estimate the relationship between the two GWAS-identified AGT gene polymorphisms and the risk of CAA in Southern Chinese children with KD. Methods We genotyped the two AGT gene polymorphisms (rs699A>G and rs5050T>G) in 760 KD cases and 972 healthy controls. We used the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to estimate the degree of the associations. Results These two AGT gene polymorphisms were not associated with a risk of KD relative to the controls, but after adjusting for sex and age, the carriers of the rs5050G allele with TG/GG vs TT had an adjusted OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.01-2.41, and P = 0.044 relative to the carriers of the rs5050TT genotype. The susceptibility to CAA was more predominant in KD patients younger than 12 months old. Conclusions Our results indicate that the AGT gene polymorphism rs5050T>G may increase the risk of CAA in children with KD, especially those who are younger than 12 months. These results need to be verified by a validation study with a larger sample size.
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Cai K, Wang F, Gui YH. [Research advances in the pathogenesis of familial Kawasaki disease]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2018; 20:594-597. [PMID: 30022765 PMCID: PMC7389202 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Kawasaki disease has become the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in North America and Japan. The incidence rate of Kawasaki disease varies significantly across regions and races. The first-degree relatives of patients with Kawasaki disease have a significantly higher risk of this disease than the general population. This article reviews the onset of familial Kawasaki disease and possible pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China.
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Lack of association between miR-218 rs11134527 A>G and Kawasaki disease susceptibility. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180367. [PMID: 29717030 PMCID: PMC6048205 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a type of disease that includes the development of a fever that lasts at least 5 days and involves the clinical manifestation of multicellular vasculitis. KD has become one of the most common pediatric cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies have reported that miR-218 rs11134527 A>G is associated with susceptibility to various cancer risks. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the relationship between this polymorphism and KD risk. The present study explored the correlation between the miR-218 rs11134527 A>G polymorphism and the risk of KD. We recruited 532 patients with KD and 623 controls to genotype the miR-218 rs11134527 A>G polymorphism with a TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. Our results illustrated that the miR-218 rs11134527 A>G polymorphism was not associated with KD risk. In an analysis stratified by age, sex, and coronary artery lesions, we found only that the risk of KD was significantly decreased for children older than 5 years (GG vs. AA/AG: adjusted OR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.07–0.94, P=0.041). The present study demonstrated that the miR-218 rs1113452 A>G polymorphism may have an age-related relationship with KD susceptibility that has not previously been revealed.
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Bijnens J, Missiaen L, Bultynck G, Parys JB. A critical appraisal of the role of intracellular Ca 2+-signaling pathways in Kawasaki disease. Cell Calcium 2018; 71:95-103. [PMID: 29604968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Kawasaki disease is a multi-systemic vasculitis that generally occurs in children and that can lead to coronary artery lesions. Recent studies showed that Kawasaki disease has an important genetic component. In this review, we discuss the single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes encoding proteins with a role in intracellular Ca2+ signaling: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase C, caspase-3, the store-operated Ca2+-entry channel ORAI1, the type-3 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1, and phospholipase Cß4 and Cß1. An increase of the free cytosolic Ca2+ concentration is proposed to be a major factor in susceptibility to Kawasaki disease and disease outcome, but only for polymorphisms in the genes encoding the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase C and the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1, the free cytosolic Ca2+ concentration was actually measured and shown to be increased. Excessive cytosolic Ca2+ signaling can result in hyperactive calcineurin in T cells with an overstimulated nuclear factor of activated T cells pathway, in hypersecretion of interleukin-1ß and tumor necrosis factor-α by monocytes/macrophages, in increased urotensin-2 signaling, and in an overactivation of vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Bijnens
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludwig Missiaen
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile systemic vasculitis that disturbs coronary arteries. Patients' risks of adverse cardiovascular events and subclinical atherosclerosis have been found to significantly increase with polymorphisms of the human cytochrome P450. This current study aims to research the possible relationship between cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily E and polypeptide 1 (CYP2E1) polymorphisms with KD. METHODS We selected 6 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CYP2E1 gene for TaqMan allelic discrimination assay in 340 KD patients and performed analysis on the clinical phenotypes and coronary artery lesions (CALs). CAL associations of tag SNPs were adjusted for age and gender in the logistic regression. RESULTS The KD patients with a CC genotype of rs915906 demonstrated a greater proportion of CAL formation (P = 0.009). Furthermore, the GG genotype frequencies of rs2070676 showed a significantly greater risk for CAL formation in KD patients (P = 0.007). However, the SNPs of the CYP2E1 gene did not influence CAL formation in the participating KD patients either with or without high-dose acetylsalicylic acid. Using the expression quantitative trait locus analyses, we found that the SNPs associated with CAL formation in KD also affected CYP2E1 expression in certain cell types. CONCLUSION This study is the first to find that the risk of CAL formation is related to CYP2E1 gene polymorphisms in KD patients.
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Kim JH, Jung SM, Shin JG, Cheong HS, Seo JM, Kim DY, Oh JT, Kim HY, Jung K, Shin HD. Potential association between ITPKC genetic variations and Hirschsprung disease. Mol Biol Rep 2017; 44:307-313. [PMID: 28664405 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-017-4111-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a congenital and complex disorder characterized by intestinal obstruction due to the absence of enteric neurons along variable lengths of the hindgut. Our recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) has revealed regional associations with HSCR at several loci of inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase C (ITPKC). For fine mapping, we additionally selected and genotyped a total of 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ITPKC in 187 HSCR patients and 283 unaffected controls, and performed a further combined imputation analysis based on genotype data from this second stage of fine mapping and our previous GWAS stage, totaling 902 subjects (187 HSCR cases and 715 controls). As a result, several SNPs (minimum P = 0.004) and a haplotype (P = 0.02) were found to be significantly associated with HSCR. In further in silico analyses to ascertain the potential functions of the significant variants, the change from the common allele to the rare allele of the highly conserved nonsynonymous rs76785336 showed a difference in mRNA folding structure. In the case of intronic SNPs, rs2607420 with a high consensus value was predicted to be a new splice site. Although this study has limitations (such as lack of functional evaluations, small number of cases, and further need of replication in other cohorts), our findings suggest that genetic variants of ITPKC may have a potential association with HSCR susceptibility and/or developmental diseases related to enteric nervous system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hyun Kim
- Research Institute for Basic Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Min Jung
- Department of Surgery, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, 05030, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Gon Shin
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sub Cheong
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics, Inc., Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Meen Seo
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yeon Kim
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Tak Oh
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Kim
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuwhan Jung
- Department of Surgery, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, 63241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Doo Shin
- Research Institute for Basic Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea.
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Burns JC, Koné-Paut I, Kuijpers T, Shimizu C, Tremoulet A, Arditi M. Review: Found in Translation: International Initiatives Pursuing Interleukin-1 Blockade for Treatment of Acute Kawasaki Disease. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:268-276. [PMID: 27792871 PMCID: PMC5274552 DOI: 10.1002/art.39975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The decision to move forward with three clinical trials of IL-1 blockade for treatment of acute Kawasaki disease is a case study in translational science. These trials were born on the one hand from transcriptome studies of host response during the acute disease coupled with animal model investigations of key immune signaling pathways and, on the other hand, out of clinical desperation to intervene in patients with severe inflammation in the setting of acute Kawasaki disease. The convergence of laboratory science and clinical observations led to the clinical trials described here and serves as a model for how such observations can be translated into new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane C. Burns
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego. 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla, CA 92093-0641
| | - Isabelle Koné-Paut
- Isabelle Koné-Paut, Pediatric Rheumatology Department, National Reference Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases (CEREMAI), Bicêtre Hospital, APHP, University of Paris Sud, France
| | - Taco Kuijpers
- Academic Medical Center Emma Children's Hospital University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chisato Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego. 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla, CA 92093-0641
| | - Adriana Tremoulet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego. 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla, CA 92093-0641
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center and UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90048
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Dissecting Kawasaki disease: a state-of-the-art review. Eur J Pediatr 2017; 176:995-1009. [PMID: 28656474 PMCID: PMC5511310 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-017-2937-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Kawasaki disease (KD) is a pediatric vasculitis with coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) as its main complication. The diagnosis is based on the presence of persistent fever and clinical features including exanthema, lymphadenopathy, conjunctival injection, and changes to the mucosae and extremities. Although the etiology remains unknown, the current consensus is that it is likely caused by an (infectious) trigger initiating an abnormal immune response in genetically predisposed children. Treatment consists of high dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and is directed at preventing the development of CAA. Unfortunately, 10-20% of all patients fail to respond to IVIG and these children need additional anti-inflammatory treatment. Coronary artery lesions are diagnosed by echocardiography in the acute and subacute phases. Both absolute arterial diameters and z-scores, adjusted for height and weight, are used as criteria for CAA. Close monitoring of CAA is important as ischemic symptoms or myocardial infarction due to thrombosis or stenosis can occur. These complications are most likely to arise in the largest, so-called giant CAA. Apart from the presence of CAA, it is unclear whether KD causes an increased cardiovascular risk due to the vasculitis itself. CONCLUSION Many aspects of KD remain unknown, although there is growing knowledge on the etiology, treatment, and development and classification of CAA. Since children with previous KD are entering adulthood, long-term follow-up is increasingly important. What is known: • Kawasaki disease (KD) is a pediatric vasculitis with coronary artery damage as its main complication. • Although KD approaches its 50th birthday since its first description, many aspects of the disease remain poorly understood. What is new: • In recent years, multiple genetic candidate pathways involved in KD have been identified, with recently promising information about the ITPKC pathway. • As increasing numbers of KD patients are reaching adulthood, increasing information is available about the long-term consequences of coronary artery damage and broader cardiovascular risk.
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Berridge MJ. The Inositol Trisphosphate/Calcium Signaling Pathway in Health and Disease. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1261-96. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00006.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cellular functions are regulated by calcium (Ca2+) signals that are generated by different signaling pathways. One of these is the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate/calcium (InsP3/Ca2+) signaling pathway that operates through either primary or modulatory mechanisms. In its primary role, it generates the Ca2+ that acts directly to control processes such as metabolism, secretion, fertilization, proliferation, and smooth muscle contraction. Its modulatory role occurs in excitable cells where it modulates the primary Ca2+ signal generated by the entry of Ca2+ through voltage-operated channels that releases Ca2+ from ryanodine receptors (RYRs) on the internal stores. In carrying out this modulatory role, the InsP3/Ca2+ signaling pathway induces subtle changes in the generation and function of the voltage-dependent primary Ca2+ signal. Changes in the nature of both the primary and modulatory roles of InsP3/Ca2+ signaling are a contributory factor responsible for the onset of a large number human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Berridge
- Laboratory of Molecular Signalling, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
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24
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Predisposing factors, pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention of Kawasaki disease. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1850-1857. [PMID: 27506874 PMCID: PMC7185772 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile childhood inflammatory disease, associated with coronary artery abnormalities. The disease is believed to result from an aberrant inflammatory response to an infectious trigger in a genetically predisposed individual. KD is associated with an endothelial cell injury as a consequence of T cell activation and cytotoxic effects of various proinflammatory cytokines. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) infusion and aspirin are the standard treatment of acute KD. However, 10-20% of patients show resistance to IVIG therapy and present higher risk of coronary vasculitis. The relative roles of second IVIG infusion, corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, interleukin-1 antagonists and anti-tumor necrosis factor agents remain uncertain. In this review, we highlight the predisposing factors, pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention of KD, particularly new therapeutics for IVIG-resistant patients.
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Kuo HC, Li SC, Guo MMH, Huang YH, Yu HR, Huang FC, Jiao F, Kuo HC, Andrade J, Chan WC. Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Novel Susceptibility Genes Associated with Coronary Artery Aneurysm Formation in Kawasaki Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154943. [PMID: 27171184 PMCID: PMC4865092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) or Kawasaki syndrome is known as a vasculitis of small to medium-sized vessels, and coronary arteries are predominantly involved in childhood. Generally, 20–25% of untreated with IVIG and 3–5% of treated KD patients have been developed coronary artery lesions (CALs), such as dilatation and aneurysm. Understanding how coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) are established and maintained in KD patients is therefore of great importance. Upon our previous genotyping data of 157 valid KD subjects, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) has been conducted among 11 (7%) CAA-developed KD patients to reveal five significant genetic variants passed pre-defined thresholds and resulted in two novel susceptibility protein-coding genes, which are NEBL (rs16921209 (P = 7.44 × 10−9; OR = 32.22) and rs7922552 (P = 8.43 × 10−9; OR = 32.0)) and TUBA3C (rs17076896 (P = 8.04 × 10−9; OR = 21.03)). Their known functions have been reported to associate with cardiac muscle and tubulin, respectively. As a result, this might imply their putative roles of establishing CAAs during KD progression. Additionally, various model analyses have been utilized to determine dominant and recessive inheritance patterns of identified susceptibility mutations. Finally, all susceptibility genes hit by significant genetic variants were further investigated and the top three representative gene-ontology (GO) clusters were regulation of cell projection organization, neuron recognition, and peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation. Our results help to depict the potential routes of the pathogenesis of CAAs in KD patients and will facilitate researchers to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of KD in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Chang Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics and Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Chou Li
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mindy Ming-Huey Guo
- Department of Pediatrics and Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsien Huang
- Department of Pediatrics and Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics and Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chen Huang
- Department of Pediatrics and Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fuyong Jiao
- Children's Hospital of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital and Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hsing-Chun Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jorge Andrade
- Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - Wen-Ching Chan
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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Tremoulet AH, Jain S, Kim S, Newburger J, Arditi M, Franco A, Best B, Burns JC. Rationale and study design for a phase I/IIa trial of anakinra in children with Kawasaki disease and early coronary artery abnormalities (the ANAKID trial). Contemp Clin Trials 2016; 48:70-5. [PMID: 27080929 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most common cause of acquired heart disease in children and may result in coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) with an attendant risk of myocardial infarction, there is no recommended therapy to halt progression of arterial wall damage and prevent aneurysm formation in the acute phase of the vasculitis. While intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) reduces the risk of CAA, up to 20% of KD patients are IVIG resistant and have a higher risk for developing CAA. The IL-1 pro-inflammatory pathway is upregulated in children with acute KD and plays a critical role in the experimental animal model of KD. Thus, IL-1 is a logical therapeutic target. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study is to determine the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and immunomodulatory effects of anakinra, a recombinant human IL-1 receptor antagonist, in acute KD patients with coronary artery abnormalities on the baseline echocardiogram. DESIGN This is a two-center dose-escalation Phase I/IIa trial in 30 acute KD patients ≥8months old with a coronary artery Z score≥3.0 in the right coronary artery and/or left anterior descending artery or an aneurysm. Subjects will receive a 2- to 6-week course of anakinra by daily subcutaneous injection and will be assessed for resolution of inflammation and dose limiting toxicities (leukopenia, anaphylactoid reaction, or severe infection). CONCLUSION The safety and tolerability of blocking both IL-1α and Il-1β by anakinra will be evaluated as a strategy to prevent or attenuate coronary artery damage in infants and children with acute KD. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials.gov # NCT02179853, registered June 28, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana H Tremoulet
- Kawasaki Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Sonia Jain
- Biostatistics Research Center, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Susan Kim
- Rheumatology Program, Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jane Newburger
- Department of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, USA; UCLA School of Medicine, USA
| | - Alessandra Franco
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brookie Best
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Skaggs School of Pharmacy, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jane C Burns
- Kawasaki Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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27
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Yeter D, Portman MA, Aschner M, Farina M, Chan WC, Hsieh KS, Kuo HC. Ethnic Kawasaki Disease Risk Associated with Blood Mercury and Cadmium in U.S. Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13010101. [PMID: 26742052 PMCID: PMC4730492 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) primarily affects children <5 years of age (75%-80%) and is currently the leading cause of acquired heart disease in developed nations. Even when residing in the West, East Asian children are 10 to 20 times more likely to develop KD. We hypothesized cultural variations influencing pediatric mercury (Hg) exposure from seafood consumption may mediate ethnic KD risk among children in the United States. Hospitalization rates of KD in US children aged 0-4 years (n = 10,880) and blood Hg levels in US children aged 1-5 years (n = 713) were determined using separate US federal datasets. Our cohort primarily presented with blood Hg levels <0.1 micrograms (µg) per kg bodyweight (96.5%) that are considered normal and subtoxic. Increased ethnic KD risk was significantly associated with both increasing levels and detection rates of blood Hg or cadmium (Cd) in a linear dose-responsive manner between ethnic African, Asian, Caucasian, and Hispanic children in the US (p ≤ 0.05). Increasing low-dose exposure to Hg or Cd may induce KD or contribute to its later development in susceptible children. However, our preliminary results require further replication in other ethnic populations, in addition to more in-depth examination of metal exposure and toxicokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Yeter
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Niaosong, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Michael A Portman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Marcelo Farina
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040, Brazil.
| | - Wen-Ching Chan
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Niaosong, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Niaosong, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Sheng Hsieh
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Niaosong, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Niaosong, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Ho-Chang Kuo
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Niaosong, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Niaosong, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
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28
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Parthasarathy P, Agarwal A, Chawla K, Tofighi T, Mondal TK. Upcoming biomarkers for the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease: A review. Clin Biochem 2015; 48:1188-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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29
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Lee Y, Wakita D, Dagvadorj J, Shimada K, Chen S, Huang G, Lehman TJA, Fishbein MC, Hoffman HM, Crother TR, Arditi M. IL-1 Signaling Is Critically Required in Stromal Cells in Kawasaki Disease Vasculitis Mouse Model: Role of Both IL-1α and IL-1β. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2605-16. [PMID: 26515418 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most common cause of acute vasculitis and acquired cardiac disease among US children. We have previously shown that both TLR2/MyD88 and interleukin (IL)-1β signaling are required for the Lactobacillus casei cell wall extract-induced KD vasculitis mouse model. The objectives of this study were to investigate the cellular origins of IL-1 production, the role of CD11c(+) dendritic cells and macrophages, and the relative contribution of hematopoietic and stromal cells for IL-1 responsive cells, as well the MyD88 signaling, in Lactobacillus casei cell wall extract-induced KD mouse model of vasculitis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using mouse knockout models and antibody depletion, we found that both IL-1α and IL-1β were required for Lactobacillus casei cell wall extract-induced KD. Both dendritic cells and macrophages were necessary, and we found that MyD88 signaling was required in both hematopoietic and stromal cells. However, IL-1 response and signaling were critically required in nonendothelial stromal cells, but not in hematopoietic cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that IL-1α and IL-1β, as well as CD11c(+) dendritic cells and macrophages, are essential for the development of KD vasculitis and coronary arteritis in this mouse model. Bone marrow chimera experiments suggest that MyD88 signaling is important in both hematopoietic and stromal cells, whereas IL-1 signaling and response are required only in stromal cells, but not in endothelial cells. Determining the role of IL-1α and IL-1β and of specific cell types in the KD vasculitis mouse model may have important implications for the design of more targeted therapies and understanding of the molecular mechanisms of KD immunopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngho Lee
- From the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatric, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (Y.L., D.W., J.D., K.S., S.C., G.H., T.R.C., M.A.); Department of Rheumatology, Pediatric Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY (T.J.A.L.); Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (M.C.F.); and Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (H.M.H.)
| | - Daiko Wakita
- From the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatric, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (Y.L., D.W., J.D., K.S., S.C., G.H., T.R.C., M.A.); Department of Rheumatology, Pediatric Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY (T.J.A.L.); Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (M.C.F.); and Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (H.M.H.)
| | - Jargalsaikhan Dagvadorj
- From the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatric, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (Y.L., D.W., J.D., K.S., S.C., G.H., T.R.C., M.A.); Department of Rheumatology, Pediatric Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY (T.J.A.L.); Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (M.C.F.); and Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (H.M.H.)
| | - Kenichi Shimada
- From the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatric, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (Y.L., D.W., J.D., K.S., S.C., G.H., T.R.C., M.A.); Department of Rheumatology, Pediatric Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY (T.J.A.L.); Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (M.C.F.); and Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (H.M.H.)
| | - Shuang Chen
- From the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatric, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (Y.L., D.W., J.D., K.S., S.C., G.H., T.R.C., M.A.); Department of Rheumatology, Pediatric Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY (T.J.A.L.); Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (M.C.F.); and Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (H.M.H.)
| | - Ganghua Huang
- From the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatric, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (Y.L., D.W., J.D., K.S., S.C., G.H., T.R.C., M.A.); Department of Rheumatology, Pediatric Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY (T.J.A.L.); Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (M.C.F.); and Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (H.M.H.)
| | - Thomas J A Lehman
- From the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatric, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (Y.L., D.W., J.D., K.S., S.C., G.H., T.R.C., M.A.); Department of Rheumatology, Pediatric Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY (T.J.A.L.); Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (M.C.F.); and Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (H.M.H.)
| | - Michael C Fishbein
- From the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatric, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (Y.L., D.W., J.D., K.S., S.C., G.H., T.R.C., M.A.); Department of Rheumatology, Pediatric Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY (T.J.A.L.); Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (M.C.F.); and Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (H.M.H.)
| | - Hal M Hoffman
- From the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatric, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (Y.L., D.W., J.D., K.S., S.C., G.H., T.R.C., M.A.); Department of Rheumatology, Pediatric Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY (T.J.A.L.); Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (M.C.F.); and Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (H.M.H.)
| | - Timothy R Crother
- From the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatric, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (Y.L., D.W., J.D., K.S., S.C., G.H., T.R.C., M.A.); Department of Rheumatology, Pediatric Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY (T.J.A.L.); Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (M.C.F.); and Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (H.M.H.)
| | - Moshe Arditi
- From the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatric, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (Y.L., D.W., J.D., K.S., S.C., G.H., T.R.C., M.A.); Department of Rheumatology, Pediatric Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY (T.J.A.L.); Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (M.C.F.); and Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (H.M.H.).
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30
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Koenig S, Moreau C, Dupont G, Scoumanne A, Erneux C. Regulation of NGF-driven neurite outgrowth by Ins(1,4,5)P3 kinase is specifically associated with the two isoenzymes Itpka and Itpkb in a model of PC12 cells. FEBS J 2015; 282:2553-69. [PMID: 25892505 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Four inositol phosphate kinases catalyze phosphorylation of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3 ] to inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate [Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 ]: these enzymes comprise three isoenzymes of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase (Itpk), referred to as Itpka, Itpkb and Itpkc, and the inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK). The four enzymes that act on Ins(1,4,5)P3 are all expressed in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, a model that is used to study neurite outgrowth induced by nerve growth factor (NGF). We compared the effect of over-expression of the four GFP-tagged kinases on NGF-induced neurite outgrowth. Our data show that over-expression of the Itpka and Itpkb isoforms inhibits NGF-induced neurite outgrowth, but over-expression of Itpkc and IPMK does not. Surprisingly, over-expression of the N-terminal F-actin binding domain of Itpka, which lacks catalytic activity, was as effective at inhibiting neurite outgrowth as the full-length enzyme. Neurite length was also significantly decreased in cells over-expressing Itpka and Itpkb but not Itpkc or IPMK. This result did not depend on the over-expression level of any of the kinases. PC12 cells over-expressing GFP-tagged kinase-dead mutants Itpka/b have shorter neurites than GFP control cells. The decrease in neurite length was never as pronounced as observed with wild-type GFP-tagged Itpka/b. Finally, the percentage of neurite-bearing cells was increased in cells over-expressing the membranous type I Ins(1,4,5)P3 5-phosphatase. We conclude that Itpka and Itpkb inhibit neurite outgrowth through both F-actin binding and localized Ins(1,4,5)P3 3-kinase activity. Itpkc and IPMK do not influence neurite outgrowth or neurite length in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Koenig
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Colette Moreau
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geneviève Dupont
- Unité de Chronobiologie Théorique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ariane Scoumanne
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics, GIGA Signal Transduction, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe Erneux
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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31
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Abstract
This Review summarizes recent advances in understanding of the pathologic processes and pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to coronary arteritis in Kawasaki disease, and describes current approaches to its treatment. Kawasaki disease is the most common cause of acquired heart disease among children in developed countries, in whom the resulting coronary artery abnormalities can cause myocardial ischaemia, infarction and even death. Epidemiologic data strongly suggest an infectious aetiology, although the causative agent has yet to be identified. Genetic factors also increase susceptibility to Kawasaki disease, as indicated by its strikingly high incidence rate in children of Asian ethnicity and by an increased incidence in first-degree family members. The treatment of Kawasaki disease is based on timely administration of intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin. However, the management of patients who do not respond to this standard therapy remains challenging; although several options are available, comparative data on which to base treatment decisions are scarce. The added value of adjunctive therapy with corticosteroids in patients at particularly high risk of coronary complications has been demonstrated in Japanese populations, but identification of high-risk patients has proven to be difficult in ethnically diverse populations.
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32
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Kuo HC, Hsu YW, Wu MS, Chien SC, Liu SF, Chang WC. Intravenous immunoglobulin, pharmacogenomics, and Kawasaki disease. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2014; 49:1-7. [PMID: 25556045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology and it is therefore worth examining the multifactorial interaction of genes and environmental factors. Targeted genetic association and genome-wide association studies have helped to provide a better understanding of KD from infection to the immune-related response. Findings in the past decade have contributed to a major breakthrough in the genetics of KD, with the identification of several genomic regions linked to the pathogenesis of KD, including ITPKC, CD40, BLK, and FCGR2A. This review focuses on the factors associated with the genetic polymorphisms of KD and the pharmacogenomics of the response to treatment in patients with intravenous immunoglobulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Chang Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics and Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Hsu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Shin Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Chien
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Feng Liu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Therapy and Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chiao Chang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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