1
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Martino J, Siri SO, Calzetta NL, Paviolo NS, Garro C, Pansa MF, Carbajosa S, Brown AC, Bocco JL, Gloger I, Drewes G, Madauss KP, Soria G, Gottifredi V. Inhibitors of Rho kinases (ROCK) induce multiple mitotic defects and synthetic lethality in BRCA2-deficient cells. eLife 2023; 12:e80254. [PMID: 37073955 PMCID: PMC10185344 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The trapping of Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) on DNA caused by PARP inhibitors (PARPi) triggers acute DNA replication stress and synthetic lethality (SL) in BRCA2-deficient cells. Hence, DNA damage is accepted as a prerequisite for SL in BRCA2-deficient cells. In contrast, here we show that inhibiting ROCK in BRCA2-deficient cells triggers SL independently from acute replication stress. Such SL is preceded by polyploidy and binucleation resulting from cytokinesis failure. Such initial mitosis abnormalities are followed by other M phase defects, including anaphase bridges and abnormal mitotic figures associated with multipolar spindles, supernumerary centrosomes and multinucleation. SL was also triggered by inhibiting Citron Rho-interacting kinase, another enzyme that, similarly to ROCK, regulates cytokinesis. Together, these observations demonstrate that cytokinesis failure triggers mitotic abnormalities and SL in BRCA2-deficient cells. Furthermore, the prevention of mitotic entry by depletion of Early mitotic inhibitor 1 (EMI1) augmented the survival of BRCA2-deficient cells treated with ROCK inhibitors, thus reinforcing the association between M phase and cell death in BRCA2-deficient cells. This novel SL differs from the one triggered by PARPi and uncovers mitosis as an Achilles heel of BRCA2-deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cintia Garro
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
- OncoPrecisionCórdobaArgentina
| | - Maria F Pansa
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
| | - Sofía Carbajosa
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
- OncoPrecisionCórdobaArgentina
| | - Aaron C Brown
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research InstituteScarboroughUnited States
| | - José Luis Bocco
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
| | - Israel Gloger
- GlaxoSmithKline-Trust in Science, Global Health R&DStevenageUnited Kingdom
| | - Gerard Drewes
- GlaxoSmithKline-Trust in Science, Global Health R&DStevenageUnited Kingdom
| | - Kevin P Madauss
- GlaxoSmithKline-Trust in Science, Global Health R&DUpper ProvidenceUnited States
| | - Gastón Soria
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
- OncoPrecisionCórdobaArgentina
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2
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Villalonga E, Mosrin C, Normand T, Girardin C, Serrano A, Žunar B, Doudeau M, Godin F, Bénédetti H, Vallée B. LIM Kinases, LIMK1 and LIMK2, Are Crucial Node Actors of the Cell Fate: Molecular to Pathological Features. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050805. [PMID: 36899941 PMCID: PMC10000741 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1) and LIM kinase 2 (LIMK2) are serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases and the only two members of the LIM kinase family. They play a crucial role in the regulation of cytoskeleton dynamics by controlling actin filaments and microtubule turnover, especially through the phosphorylation of cofilin, an actin depolymerising factor. Thus, they are involved in many biological processes, such as cell cycle, cell migration, and neuronal differentiation. Consequently, they are also part of numerous pathological mechanisms, especially in cancer, where their involvement has been reported for a few years and has led to the development of a wide range of inhibitors. LIMK1 and LIMK2 are known to be part of the Rho family GTPase signal transduction pathways, but many more partners have been discovered over the decades, and both LIMKs are suspected to be part of an extended and various range of regulation pathways. In this review, we propose to consider the different molecular mechanisms involving LIM kinases and their associated signalling pathways, and to offer a better understanding of their variety of actions within the physiology and physiopathology of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Villalonga
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire; UPR4301, CNRS, University of Orleans and INSERM, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Christine Mosrin
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire; UPR4301, CNRS, University of Orleans and INSERM, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Thierry Normand
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire; UPR4301, CNRS, University of Orleans and INSERM, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Caroline Girardin
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire; UPR4301, CNRS, University of Orleans and INSERM, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Amandine Serrano
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire; UPR4301, CNRS, University of Orleans and INSERM, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Bojan Žunar
- Laboratory for Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Michel Doudeau
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire; UPR4301, CNRS, University of Orleans and INSERM, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Fabienne Godin
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire; UPR4301, CNRS, University of Orleans and INSERM, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Hélène Bénédetti
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire; UPR4301, CNRS, University of Orleans and INSERM, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Béatrice Vallée
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire; UPR4301, CNRS, University of Orleans and INSERM, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orleans, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)2-38-25-76-11
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3
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Berrou J, Dupont M, Djamai H, Adicéam E, Parietti V, Kaci A, Clappier E, Cayuela JM, Baruchel A, Paublant F, Prudent R, Ghysdael J, Gardin C, Dombret H, Braun T. Preclinical Evaluation of a Novel Small Molecule Inhibitor of LIM Kinases (LIMK) CEL_Amide in Philadelphia-Chromosome Positive ( BCR::ABL+) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226761. [PMID: 36431240 PMCID: PMC9692768 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ph+ (BCR::ABL+) B-ALL was considered to be high risk, but recent advances in BCR::ABL-targeting TKIs has shown improved outcomes in combination with backbone chemotherapy. Nevertheless, new treatment strategies are needed, including approaches without chemotherapy for elderly patients. LIMK1/2 acts downstream from various signaling pathways, which modifies cytoskeleton dynamics via phosphorylation of cofilin. Upstream of LIMK1/2, ROCK is constitutively activated by BCR::ABL, and upon activation, ROCK leads to the phosphorylation of LIMK1/2, resulting in the inactivation of cofilin by its phosphorylation and subsequently abrogating its apoptosis-promoting activity. Here, we demonstrate the anti-leukemic effects of a novel LIMK1/2 inhibitor (LIMKi) CEL_Amide in vitro and in vivo for BCR::ABL-driven B-ALL. The IC50 value of CEL_Amide was ≤1000 nM in BCR::ABL+ TOM-1 and BV-173 cells and induced dose-dependent apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in these cell lines. LIMK1/2 were expressed in BCR::ABL+ cell lines and patient cells and LIMKi treatment decreased LIMK1 protein expression, whereas LIMK2 expression was unaffected. As expected, CEL_Amide exposure caused specific activating downstream dephosphorylation of cofilin in cell lines and primary cells. Combination experiments with CEL_Amide and BCR::ABL TKIs imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, and ponatinib were synergistic for the treatment of both TOM-1 and BV-173 cells. CDKN2Ako/BCR::ABL1+ B-ALL cells were transplanted in mice, which were treated with combinations of CEL_Amide and nilotinib or ponatinib, which significantly prolonged their survival. Altogether, the LIMKi CEL_Amide yields activity in Ph+ ALL models when combined with BCR::ABL-targeting TKIs, showing promising synergy that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannig Berrou
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Dupont
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Hanane Djamai
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Emilie Adicéam
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Véronique Parietti
- INSERM/CNRS, US53/UAR2030, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Anna Kaci
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Clappier
- Laboratory of Hematology, Hôpital Saint-Louis (Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris and Université Paris Cité), 75010 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Cayuela
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
- Laboratory of Hematology, Hôpital Saint-Louis (Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris and Université Paris Cité), 75010 Paris, France
| | - André Baruchel
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Immunology, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré (Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris and Université Paris Cité), 75010 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Jacques Ghysdael
- CNRS UMR3348, INSERM U1278, Institut Curie, Centre Universitaire Bat 110, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Claude Gardin
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
- Hematology Department, Hôpital Avicenne (Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris and Université Paris XIII), 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Hervé Dombret
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
- Leukemia Unit, Hematology Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis (Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris and Université Paris Cité), 75010 Paris, France
| | - Thorsten Braun
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, URP-3518, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
- Hematology Department, Hôpital Avicenne (Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris and Université Paris XIII), 93000 Bobigny, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)-1-4895-7051
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4
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Hanke T, Mathea S, Woortman J, Salah E, Berger BT, Tumber A, Kashima R, Hata A, Kuster B, Müller S, Knapp S. Development and Characterization of Type I, Type II, and Type III LIM-Kinase Chemical Probes. J Med Chem 2022; 65:13264-13287. [PMID: 36136092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
LIMKs are important regulators of actin and microtubule dynamics, and they play essential roles in many cellular processes. Deregulation of LIMKs has been linked to the development of diverse diseases, including cancers and cognitive disabilities, but well-characterized inhibitors known as chemical probes are still lacking. Here, we report the characterization of three highly selective LIMK1/2 inhibitors covering all canonical binding modes (type I/II/III) and the structure-based design of the type II/III inhibitors. Characterization of these chemical probes revealed a low nanomolar affinity for LIMK1/2, and all inhibitors 1 (LIMKi3; type I), 48 (TH470; type II), and 15 (TH257; type III) showed excellent selectivity in a comprehensive scanMAX kinase selectivity panel. Phosphoproteomics revealed remarkable differences between type I and type II inhibitors compared with the allosteric inhibitor 15. In phenotypic assays such as neurite outgrowth models of fragile X-chromosome, 15 showed promising activity, suggesting the potential application of allosteric LIMK inhibitors treating this orphan disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hanke
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sebastian Mathea
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julia Woortman
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Eidarus Salah
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Benedict-Tilman Berger
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anthony Tumber
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Risa Kashima
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Akiko Hata
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), D-85354 Freising, Germany.,German Translational Cancer Network (DKTK), Site Frankfurt/Mainz, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Müller
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Translational Cancer Network (DKTK), Site Frankfurt/Mainz, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Jensen P, Carlet M, Schlenk RF, Weber A, Kress J, Brunner I, Słabicki M, Grill G, Weisemann S, Cheng YY, Jeremias I, Scholl C, Fröhling S. Requirement for LIM kinases in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2020; 34:3173-3185. [PMID: 32591645 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0943-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive disease for which only few targeted therapies are available. Using high-throughput RNA interference (RNAi) screening in AML cell lines, we identified LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1) as a potential novel target for AML treatment. High LIMK1 expression was significantly correlated with shorter survival of AML patients and coincided with FLT3 mutations, KMT2A rearrangements, and elevated HOX gene expression. RNAi- and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated suppression as well as pharmacologic inhibition of LIMK1 and its close homolog LIMK2 reduced colony formation and decreased proliferation due to slowed cell-cycle progression of KMT2A-rearranged AML cell lines and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) samples. This was accompanied by morphologic changes indicative of myeloid differentiation. Transcriptome analysis showed upregulation of several tumor suppressor genes as well as downregulation of HOXA9 targets and mitosis-associated genes in response to LIMK1 suppression, providing a potential mechanistic basis for the anti-leukemic phenotype. Finally, we observed a reciprocal regulation between LIM kinases (LIMK) and CDK6, a kinase known to be involved in the differentiation block of KMT2A-rearranged AML, and addition of the CDK6 inhibitor palbociclib further enhanced the anti-proliferative effect of LIMK inhibition. Together, these data suggest that LIMK are promising targets for AML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Jensen
- Division of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michela Carlet
- Research Unit Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Richard F Schlenk
- Clinical Trials Center, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Weber
- Division of Applied Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana Kress
- Division of Applied Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ines Brunner
- Division of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mikołaj Słabicki
- Division of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gregor Grill
- Division of Applied Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Weisemann
- Division of Applied Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ya-Yun Cheng
- Division of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Irmela Jeremias
- Research Unit Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Scholl
- Division of Applied Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Fröhling
- Division of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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6
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Liang Y, Li X, Wu Y, Ke Z, Liu Z, Chen S, Wei Y, Zheng Q, Xue X, Xu N. LIMK1 depletion enhances fasudil‐dependent inhibition of urethral fibroblast proliferation and migration. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:12977-12988. [PMID: 30861189 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying‐Chun Liang
- Departments of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Xiao‐Dong Li
- Departments of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Yu‐Peng Wu
- Departments of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Zhi‐Bin Ke
- Departments of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Zhang‐Qi Liu
- Departments of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Shao‐Hao Chen
- Departments of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Yong Wei
- Departments of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Qing‐Shui Zheng
- Departments of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Xue‐Yi Xue
- Departments of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Ning Xu
- Departments of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
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7
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Moujaber O, Fishbein F, Omran N, Liang Y, Colmegna I, Presley JF, Stochaj U. Cellular senescence is associated with reorganization of the microtubule cytoskeleton. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1169-1183. [PMID: 30599068 PMCID: PMC11105446 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2999-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Senescent cells undergo structural and functional changes that affect essentially every aspect of cell physiology. To date, the impact of senescence on the cytoskeleton is poorly understood. This study evaluated the cytoskeleton in two independent cellular models of kidney epithelium senescence. Our work identified multiple senescence-related alterations that impact microtubules and filamentous actin during interphase. Both filamentous systems reorganized profoundly when cells became senescent. As such, microtubule stability increased during senescence, making these filaments more resistant to disassembly in the cold or by nocodazole. Microtubule stabilization was accompanied by enhanced α-tubulin acetylation on lysine 40 and the depletion of HDAC6, the major deacetylase for α-tubulin lysine 40. Rho-associated kinase Rock1 is an upstream regulator that modulates key properties of the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton. Our research shows that Rock1 concentrations were reduced significantly in senescent cells, and we revealed a mechanistic link between microtubule stabilization and Rock1 depletion. Thus, Rock1 overexpression partially restored the cold sensitivity of microtubules in cells undergoing senescence. Additional components relevant to microtubules were affected by senescence. Specifically, we uncovered the senescence-related loss of the microtubule nucleating protein γ-tubulin and aberrant formation of γ-tubulin foci. Concomitant with the alterations of microtubule and actin filaments, senescent cells displayed functional changes. In particular, cell migration was impaired significantly in senescent cells. Taken together, our study identified new senescence-associated deficiencies of the microtubule and actin cytoskeleton, provided insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms and demonstrated functional consequences that are important to the physiology and function of renal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ossama Moujaber
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Nawal Omran
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yue Liang
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Inés Colmegna
- Department of Rheumatology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - John F Presley
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ursula Stochaj
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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8
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Wang W, Yang C, Nie H, Qiu X, Zhang L, Xiao Y, Zhou W, Zeng Q, Zhang X, Wu Y, Liu J, Ying M. LIMK2 acts as an oncogene in bladder cancer and its functional SNP in the microRNA-135a binding site affects bladder cancer risk. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:1345-1355. [PMID: 30006972 PMCID: PMC6587996 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
LIM kinases modulate multiple aspects of cancer development, including cell proliferation and survival. As the mechanisms of LIMK-associated tumorigenesis are still unclear, we analyzed the tumorigenic functions of LIM kinase 2 (LIMK2) in human bladder cancer (BC) and explored whether the newly identified LIMK2 3´-UTR SNP rs2073859 (G-to-A allele) is correlated with clinical features. Expression levels of LIMK2 in 38 human BC tissues and eight cell lines were examined using quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. LIMK2 was overexpressed in most BC tissues (27/38, 71%) and BC-derived cell lines (6/8), and was more frequently overexpessed in high-grade than low-grade BC (80% vs. 47%). The effects of LIMK2 on BC cell proliferation, survival and migration, were studied by overexpression and RNA interference approaches in vitro and in vivo. LIMK2 overexpression promoted proliferation, migration and invasion of BC cells, while LIMK2 depletion inhibited cell invasion and viability and induced growth arrest in vitro and in vivo. PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) was used to genotype LIMK2 SNP rs2073859 and multivariate logistic regression applied to assess the relationship between allele frequency and clinical features in 139 BC patients. Functional analyses localized SNP rs2073859 within the microRNA-135a seed-binding region and revealed significantly lower LIMK2 G allele expression. The frequency of A genotypes (AG + AA) was higher in the BC group than normal controls and correlated with risks of high-grade and high-stage BC. In conclusion, LIMK2 may function as an oncogene in human BC, while allele-specific regulation by microRNA-135a may influence disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenglin Yang
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Nie
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofu Qiu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong NO.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianbo Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuansong Xiao
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuer Zhou
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinsong Zeng
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yigao Wu
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Ying
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Schulze M, Hutterer M, Sabo A, Hoja S, Lorenz J, Rothhammer-Hampl T, Herold-Mende C, Floßbach L, Monoranu C, Riemenschneider MJ. Chronophin regulates active vitamin B6 levels and transcriptomic features of glioblastoma cell lines cultured under non-adherent, serum-free conditions. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:524. [PMID: 29724193 PMCID: PMC5934884 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phosphatase chronophin (CIN/PDXP) has been shown to be an important regulator of glioma cell migration and invasion. It has two known substrates: p-Ser3-cofilin, the phosphorylated form of the actin binding protein cofilin, and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, the active form of vitamin B6. Phosphoregulation of cofilin, among other functions, plays an important role in cell migration, whereas active vitamin B6 is a cofactor for more than one hundred enzymatic reactions. The role of CIN has yet only been examined in glioblastoma cell line models derived under serum culture conditions. RESULTS We found that CIN is highly expressed in cells cultured under non-adherent, serum-free conditions that are thought to better mimic the in vivo situation. Furthermore, the substrates of CIN, p-Ser3-cofilin and active vitamin B6, were significantly reduced as compared to cell lines cultured in serum-containing medium. To further examine its molecular role we stably knocked down the CIN protein with two different shRNA hairpins in the glioblastoma cell lines NCH421k and NCH644. Both cell lines did not show any significant alterations in proliferation but expression of differentiation markers (such as GFAP or TUBB3) was increased in the knockdown cell lines. In addition, colony formation was significantly impaired in NCH644. Of note, in both cell lines CIN knockdown increased active vitamin B6 levels with vitamin B6 being known to be important for S-adenosylmethionine biosynthesis. Nevertheless, global histone and DNA methylation remained unaltered as was chemoresistance towards temozolomide. To further elucidate the role of phosphocofilin in glioblastoma cells we applied inhibitors for ROCK1/2 and LIMK1/2 to our model. LIMK- and ROCK-inhibitor treatment alone was not toxic for glioblastoma cells. However, it had profound, but antagonistic effects in NCH421k and NCH644 under chemotherapy. CONCLUSION In non-adherent glioblastoma cell lines cultured in serum-free medium, chronophin knockdown induces phenotypic changes, e.g. in colony formation and transcription, but these are highly dependent on the cellular background. The same is true for phenotypes observed after treatment with inhibitors for kinases regulating cofilin phosphorylation (ROCKs and LIMKs). Targeting the cofilin phosphorylation pathway might therefore not be a straightforward therapeutic option in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schulze
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maria Hutterer
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anja Sabo
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Hoja
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia Lorenz
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Rothhammer-Hampl
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lucia Floßbach
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Camelia Monoranu
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus J Riemenschneider
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany. .,Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany.
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10
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Prunier C, Prudent R, Kapur R, Sadoul K, Lafanechère L. LIM kinases: cofilin and beyond. Oncotarget 2018; 8:41749-41763. [PMID: 28445157 PMCID: PMC5522193 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
LIM kinases are common downstream effectors of several signalization pathways and function as a signaling node that controls cytoskeleton dynamics through the phosphorylation of the cofilin family proteins. These last 10 years, several reports indicate that the functions of LIM kinases are more extended than initially described and, specifically, that LIM kinases also control microtubule dynamics, independently of their regulation of actin microfilament. In this review we analyze the data supporting these conclusions and the possible mechanisms that could be involved in the control of microtubules by LIM kinases. The demonstration that LIM kinases also control microtubule dynamics has pointed to new therapeutic opportunities. Consistently, several new LIM kinase inhibitors have been recently developed. We provide a comprehensive comparison of these inhibitors, of their chemical structure, their specificity, their cellular effects as well as their effects in animal models of various diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Prunier
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM, CNRS UMR, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Reuben Kapur
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Karin Sadoul
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM, CNRS UMR, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurence Lafanechère
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM, CNRS UMR, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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11
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Challenges in the design of reliable immuno-oncology mouse models to inform drug development. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:1313-1317. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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12
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Wang W, Townes-Anderson E. LIM Kinase, a Newly Identified Regulator of Presynaptic Remodeling by Rod Photoreceptors After Injury. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 56:7847-58. [PMID: 26658506 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Rod photoreceptors retract their axon terminals and develop neuritic sprouts in response to retinal detachment and reattachment, respectively. This study examines the role of LIM kinase (LIMK), a component of RhoA and Rac pathways, in the presynaptic structural remodeling of rod photoreceptors. METHODS Phosphorylated LIMK (p-LIMK), the active form of LIMK, was examined in salamander retina with Western blot and confocal microscopy. Axon length within the first 7 hours and process growth after 3 days of culture were assessed in isolated rod photoreceptors treated with inhibitors of upstream regulators ROCK and p21-activated kinase (Pak) (Y27632 and IPA-3) and a direct LIMK inhibitor (BMS-5). Porcine retinal explants were also treated with BMS-5 and analyzed 24 hours after detachment. Because Ca2+ influx contributes to axonal retraction, L-type channels were blocked in some experiments with nicardipine. RESULTS Phosphorylated LIMK is present in rod terminals during retraction and in newly formed processes. Axonal retraction over 7 hours was significantly reduced by inhibition of LIMK or its regulators, ROCK and Pak. Process growth was reduced by LIMK or Pak inhibition especially at the basal (axon-bearing) region of the rod cells. Combining Ca2+ channel and LIMK inhibition had no additional effect on retraction but did further inhibit sprouting after 3 days. In detached porcine retina, LIMK inhibition reduced rod axonal retraction and improved retinal morphology. CONCLUSIONS Thus structural remodeling, in the form of either axonal retraction or neuritic growth, requires LIMK activity. LIM kinase inhibition may have therapeutic potential for reducing pathologic rod terminal plasticity after retinal injury.
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13
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Wei L, Surma M, Shi S, Lambert-Cheatham N, Shi J. Novel Insights into the Roles of Rho Kinase in Cancer. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2016; 64:259-78. [PMID: 26725045 PMCID: PMC4930737 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-015-0382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) is a major downstream effector of the small GTPase RhoA. The ROCK family, consisting of ROCK1 and ROCK2, plays a central role in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton, and is involved in a wide range of fundamental cellular functions such as contraction, adhesion, migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. Since the discovery of effective inhibitors such as fasudil and Y27632, the biological roles of ROCK have been extensively explored in numerous diseases, including cancer. Accumulating evidence supports the concept that ROCK plays important roles in tumor development and progression through regulating many key cellular functions associated with malignancy, including tumorigenicity, tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, tumor cell apoptosis/survival and chemoresistance as well. This review focuses on the new advances of the most recent 5 years from the studies on the roles of ROCK in cancer development and progression; the discussion is mainly focused on the potential value of ROCK inhibitors in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wei
- Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, R4 Building, Room 332, 1044 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA. .,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University, School of Medicine, 1044 West Walnut Street, R4-370, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA.
| | - Michelle Surma
- Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, R4 Building, Room 332, 1044 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA
| | - Stephanie Shi
- Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, R4 Building, Room 332, 1044 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA
| | - Nathan Lambert-Cheatham
- Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, R4 Building, Room 332, 1044 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA
| | - Jianjian Shi
- Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, R4 Building, Room 332, 1044 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA.
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14
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Mardilovich K, Baugh M, Crighton D, Kowalczyk D, Gabrielsen M, Munro J, Croft DR, Lourenco F, James D, Kalna G, McGarry L, Rath O, Shanks E, Garnett MJ, McDermott U, Brookfield J, Charles M, Hammonds T, Olson MF. LIM kinase inhibitors disrupt mitotic microtubule organization and impair tumor cell proliferation. Oncotarget 2015; 6:38469-86. [PMID: 26540348 PMCID: PMC4770715 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin and microtubule cytoskeletons are critically important for cancer cell proliferation, and drugs that target microtubules are widely-used cancer therapies. However, their utility is compromised by toxicities due to dose and exposure. To overcome these issues, we characterized how inhibition of the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton regulatory LIM kinases could be used in drug combinations to increase efficacy. A previously-described LIMK inhibitor (LIMKi) induced dose-dependent microtubule alterations that resulted in significant mitotic defects, and increased the cytotoxic potency of microtubule polymerization inhibitors. By combining LIMKi with 366 compounds from the GSK Published Kinase Inhibitor Set, effective combinations were identified with kinase inhibitors including EGFR, p38 and Raf. These findings encouraged a drug discovery effort that led to development of CRT0105446 and CRT0105950, which potently block LIMK1 and LIMK2 activity in vitro, and inhibit cofilin phosphorylation and increase αTubulin acetylation in cells. CRT0105446 and CRT0105950 were screened against 656 cancer cell lines, and rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma and kidney cancer cells were identified as significantly sensitive to both LIMK inhibitors. These large-scale screens have identified effective LIMK inhibitor drug combinations and sensitive cancer types. In addition, the LIMK inhibitory compounds CRT0105446 and CRT0105950 will enable further development of LIMK-targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Baugh
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Diane Crighton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Mads Gabrielsen
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - June Munro
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daniel R. Croft
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Filipe Lourenco
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daniel James
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gabriella Kalna
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lynn McGarry
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Oliver Rath
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emma Shanks
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Ultan McDermott
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Joanna Brookfield
- Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Charles
- Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim Hammonds
- Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, London Bioscience Innovation Centre, London, UK
| | - Michael F. Olson
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
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15
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Small molecules inhibiting the nuclear localization of YAP/TAZ for chemotherapeutics and chemosensitizers against breast cancers. FEBS Open Bio 2015. [PMID: 26199863 PMCID: PMC4506957 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pazopanib, in addition to dasatinib and statins, activates the Hippo pathway. Pazopanib induces the proteasomal degradation of YAP/TAZ. YAP/TAZ inhibitors reduce viability of YAP/TAZ-dependent breast cancer cells. YAP/TAZ inhibitors sensitize cancer cells to anti-cancer drugs.
YAP and TAZ oncoproteins confer malignancy and drug resistance to various cancer types. We screened for small molecules that inhibit the nuclear localization of YAP/TAZ. Dasatinib, statins and pazopanib inhibited the nuclear localization and target gene expression of YAP and TAZ. All three drugs induced phosphorylation of YAP and TAZ, and pazopanib induced proteasomal degradation of YAP/TAZ. The sensitivities to these drugs are correlated with dependence on YAP/TAZ in breast cancer cell lines. Combinations of these compounds with each other or with other anti-cancer drugs efficiently reduced cell proliferation of YAP/TAZ-dependent breast cancer cells. These results suggest that these drugs can be therapeutics and chemosensitizers for YAP/TAZ-dependent breast cancers.
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16
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Zhang J, He X, Ma Y, Liu Y, Shi H, Guo W, Liu L. Overexpression of ROCK1 and ROCK2 inhibits human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:244-251. [PMID: 25755711 PMCID: PMC4348933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) over-expression has been implicated in the progression of many tumor types. The aim of this study was to explore the roles of ROCK1 and ROCK2 in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). ROCK1 and ROCK2 expression levels were examined in 50 cases of human LSCC samples by immunohistochemistry. Effects of ROCK1 and ROCK2 on LSCC cell proliferation and motility were investigated in the presence of the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632. The results showed that ROCK1 expression was positively correlated with tumor size and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05); ROCK2 positively correlated with tumor size (P < 0.05). Inhibition of ROCK1 and ROCK2 by Y-27632 significantly inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion of LSCC cells. Our data indicate that expression of ROCK1 and ROCK2 are closely associated with tumor growth and lymph node metastasis of LSCC. Thus, these two ROCK isoforms may be useful as molecular makers for LSCC diagnosis and may be useful therapeutic targets as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University First HospitalBeijing 100034, China
| | - Xue He
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853, China
| | - Yueying Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100050, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853, China
| | - Huaiyin Shi
- Department of Pathology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853, China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853, China
| | - Liangfa Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100050, China
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