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Tsalenchuk M, Gentleman SM, Marzi SJ. Linking environmental risk factors with epigenetic mechanisms in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:123. [PMID: 37626097 PMCID: PMC10457362 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00568-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, with a complex risk structure thought to be influenced by interactions between genetic variants and environmental exposures, although the full aetiology is unknown. Environmental factors, including pesticides, have been reported to increase the risk of developing the disease. Growing evidence suggests epigenetic changes are key mechanisms by which these environmental factors act upon gene regulation, in disease-relevant cell types. We present a systematic review critically appraising and summarising the current body of evidence of the relationship between epigenetic mechanisms and environmental risk factors in PD to inform future research in this area. Epigenetic studies of relevant environmental risk factors in animal and cell models have yielded promising results, however, research in humans is just emerging. While published studies in humans are currently relatively limited, the importance of the field for the elucidation of molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis opens clear and promising avenues for the future of PD research. Carefully designed epidemiological studies carried out in PD patients hold great potential to uncover disease-relevant gene regulatory mechanisms. Therefore, to advance this burgeoning field, we recommend broadening the scope of investigations to include more environmental exposures, increasing sample sizes, focusing on disease-relevant cell types, and recruiting more diverse cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsalenchuk
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sarah J Marzi
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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2
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Alrouji M, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Saad HM, Batiha GES. A story of the potential effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in Parkinson's disease: beneficial or detrimental effects. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:673-688. [PMID: 36961665 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an advanced neurodegenerative disease (NDD) caused by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons (DNs) in the substantia nigra (SN). As PD is an age-related disorder, the majority of PD patients are associated with musculoskeletal disorders with prolonged use of analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Therefore, NSAIDs can affect PD neuropathology in different ways. Thus, the objective of the present narrative review was to clarify the potential role of NSAIDs in PD according to the assorted view of preponderance. Inhibition of neuroinflammation and modulation of immune response by NSAIDs could be an effective way in preventing the development of NDD. NSAIDs affect PD neuropathology in different manners could be beneficial or detrimental effects. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) by NSAIDs may prevent the development of PD. NSAIDs afforded a neuroprotective role against the development and progression of PD neuropathology through the modulation of neuroinflammation. Though, NSAIDs may lead to neutral or harmful effects by inhibiting neuroprotective prostacyclin (PGI2) and accentuation of pro-inflammatory leukotrienes (LTs). In conclusion, there is still a potential conflict regarding the effect of NSAIDs on PD neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alrouji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Professor in Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyiah University, M.B.Ch.B, FRCP, Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Professor in Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyiah University, M.B.Ch.B, FRCP, Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hebatallah M Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa Matrouh, 51744, Egypt.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, AlBeheira, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt.
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3
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Mitchell E, Chohan H, Bestwick JP, Noyce AJ. Alcohol and Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:2369-2381. [PMID: 36442208 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A substantial body of research has examined the relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE To provide an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies examining the relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of PD. METHODS Eligible studies comparing PD risk in ever vs. never alcohol drinkers were sourced from six databases. Outcomes were pooled using standard meta-analysis techniques. Separate female and male estimates were generated from studies reporting sex-specific data. Additionally, cohort studies stratifying participants by quantity of alcohol intake were integrated in a dose-response analysis. RESULTS 52 studies were included, totaling 63,707 PD patients and 9,817,924 controls. Our meta-analysis supported a statistically significant overrepresentation of never drinkers among PD subjects; odds ratio (OR) for ever drinking alcohol 0.84 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76 - 0.92). A subgroup analysis revealed similar effect estimates in females and males. A further synthesis of seven cohort studies suggested a negative, dose-dependent association between alcohol and risk of PD. CONCLUSION In the absence of a known neuroprotective pathway, there may be reason to doubt a true biological effect. The role of survivor bias, selection and recall bias, misclassification, and residual confounding requires consideration. Alternatively, observations might be attributable to reverse causation if those predestined for PD alter their alcohol habits during the preclinical phase. Major limitations of our study include high between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 93.2%) and lack of adjustment for key confounders, namely smoking status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Mitchell
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Harneek Chohan
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Jonathan P Bestwick
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Alastair J Noyce
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
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Vellingiri B, Chandrasekhar M, Sri Sabari S, Gopalakrishnan AV, Narayanasamy A, Venkatesan D, Iyer M, Kesari K, Dey A. Neurotoxicity of pesticides - A link to neurodegeneration. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 243:113972. [PMID: 36029574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder which mainly targets motor symptoms such as tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability. The physiological changes occur due to dopamine depletion in basal ganglia region of the brain. PD aetiology is not yet elucidated clearly but genetic and environmental factors play a prominent role in disease occurrence. Despite of various environmental factors, pesticides exposure has been convicted as major candidate in PD pathogenesis. Among various pesticides 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) has been widely investigated in PD following with paraquat (PQ), maneb (MB), organochlorines (OC) and rotenone. Effect of these pesticides has been suggested to be involved in oxidative stress, alterations in dopamine transporters, mitochondrial dysfunction, α-synuclein (αSyn) fibrillation, and neuroinflammation in PD. The present review discusses the influence of pesticides in neurodegeneration and its related epidemiological studies conducted in PD. Furthermore, we have deliberated the common pesticides involved in PD and its associated genetic alterations and the probable mechanism of them behind PD pathogenesis. Hence, we conclude that pesticides play a prominent role in PD pathogenesis and advance research is needed to investigate the alterations in genetic and mechanistic aspects of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mamatha Chandrasekhar
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Sri Sabari
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arul Narayanasamy
- Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhivya Venkatesan
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Livestock Farming and Bioresource Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kavindra Kesari
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, 00076, Finland.
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India
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Parkinson's disease: The prevalence of the LRRK2-G2019S mutation among the population of the South-West of Morocco. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lin SJ, Tai L, Huang YJ, Uang YS, Ho Y, Hsu KY, Wang LH. Effect of catechin and commercial preparation of green tea essence on the pharmacokinetics of l-dopa in rabbits. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5227. [PMID: 34388856 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate drug interactions of L-dopa/carbidopa with catechin and green tea essence in rabbits following the simultaneous administration via an intramuscular injection of catechin or via an intragastric route for green tea essence with L-dopa/carbidopa. The results indicated that catechin at doses of 10, 20 and 50 mg/kg increased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to the time of the last quantifiable concentration (AUC0-t ) of L-dopa by about 69, 78 and 42%, respectively. The metabolic ratios of the AUC0-t for 3-O-methyldopa (3-OMD)/L-dopa significantly decreased by about 56, 68 and 76% (P < 0.05), respectively. In addition, a single dose of 5/1.25 mg/kg L-dopa/carbidopa was co-administrated with 150 mg/kg green tea essence via an intragastric route with an oral-gastric tube. Comparing the related pharmacokinetic parameters of L-dopa, the clearance and metabolic ratio of L-dopa decreased by 20 and 19% (P < 0.05), respectively. In conclusion, catechin and green tea essence can significantly affect the metabolism of L-dopa by the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) metabolic pathway. Catechin can enhance L-dopa bioavailability, and both catechin and green tea essence decreased 3-OMD formation. Therefore, catechin and green tea essence may increase L-dopa efficacy for Parkinson's disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwu-Jiuan Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,PhD Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lily Tai
- Rosetta Pharmamate Co. Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jie Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yow-Shieng Uang
- Rosetta Pharmamate Co. Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yih Ho
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Yang Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Torti M, Fossati C, Casali M, De Pandis MF, Grassini P, Radicati FG, Stirpe P, Vacca L, Iavicoli I, Leso V, Ceppi M, Bruzzone M, Bonassi S, Stocchi F. Effect of family history, occupation and diet on the risk of Parkinson disease: A case-control study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243612. [PMID: 33332388 PMCID: PMC7746265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aetiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is still very controversial, with a peculiar lack of established risk factors or protective behavior. METHODS We carried out a case-control study of 634 idiopathic PD patients admitted from 2011 to 2015 to two hospitals located in central Italy and 532 controls matched by hospital, gender and age (± 5 years). The study questionnaire included questions on host factors, family history, residence, occupation and lifestyle. Odds ratios (ORs) for PD and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with logistic regression, adjusting for actual and potential confounders. RESULTS A lower OR was observed in females (0.74; 95%CI:0.58-0.96), while older age classes showed a constantly increased risk for PD (p<0.005) starting from the class 65-69 years. Subjects who reported a first degree relative affected by PD showed a borderline increase which was more evident in those enrolled in the urban center of Rome (OR = 1.65; 95%CI: 1.09-2.50). Significant reduction of the risk was associated to current smoking (OR = 0.48; 95%CI: 0.24-0.54), and to vegetables consumption (p<0.03), while borderline increases were associated to meat and cold cut consumption. Occupational activities classified according to ISCO-08 categories did not show increased risk, while higher ORs' were found for pilots and physicians. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study confirmed the higher risk of PD in males and in elderly, and the inverse association with smoking habit. The possible etiological role of familial clustering, dietary habit, and some job tasks is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Torti
- San Raffaele Pisana Institute for Research and Medical Care, Clinical Trial Center, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Chiara Fossati
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Miriam Casali
- San Raffaele Pisana Institute for Research and Medical Care, Clinical Trial Center, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paola Grassini
- San Raffaele Pisana Institute for Research and Medical Care, Clinical Trial Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Giada Radicati
- San Raffaele Pisana Institute for Research and Medical Care, Clinical Trial Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Stirpe
- San Raffaele Pisana Institute for Research and Medical Care, Clinical Trial Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Vacca
- San Raffaele Pisana Institute for Research and Medical Care, Clinical Trial Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Veruscka Leso
- Department of Public Health University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcello Ceppi
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Bruzzone
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonassi
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute for Research and Medical Care, San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Stocchi
- San Raffaele Pisana Institute for Research and Medical Care, Clinical Trial Center, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy
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8
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Impact of smoking on course and outcome of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2020; 162:3117-3128. [PMID: 32728905 PMCID: PMC7593300 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background While the smoking-related risk of experiencing an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is well established, it remains unclear whether smoking has an unexpected “protective effect” in aSAH, or if smokers are more at risk for complications and poor outcomes. Methods Prospective, observational study investigating the course and outcome of aSAH in patients admitted during the years 2011 and 2012. Smoking status at admittance, demographic, medical, and radiological variables were registered along with management, complications, and outcome at 1 year in terms of mortality, modified Rankin score, and Glasgow outcome score extended. We compared current smokers with nonsmokers on group level and by paired analysis matched by aSAH severity, age, and severity of vasospasm. Results We included 237 patients, thereof 138 current smokers (58.2%). Seventy-four smoker/nonsmoker pairs were matched. Smokers presented more often in poor clinical grade, had less subarachnoid blood, and were younger than nonsmokers. Ruptured aneurysms were larger, and multiple aneurysms more common in smokers. Severe multi-vessel vasospasm was less frequent in smokers, whereas all other complications occurred at similar rates. Mortality at 30 days was lower in smokers and functional outcome was similar in smokers and nonsmokers. Poor clinical grade, age, cerebral infarction, and vertebrobasilar aneurysms were independent predictors of 1-year mortality and of poor functional outcome. Serious comorbidity was a predictor of 1-year mortality. Smoking did not predict mortality or poor functional outcome. Conclusions Notwithstanding clinically more severe aSAH, smokers developed less frequently severe vasospasm and had better outcome than expected. The risk for complications after aSAH is not increased in smokers.
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9
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Yeh FC, Chen HC, Chou YC, Lin CL, Kao CH, Lo HY, Liu FC, Yang TY. Positive association of Parkinson's disease with ankylosing spondylitis: a nationwide population-based study. J Transl Med 2020; 18:455. [PMID: 33256841 PMCID: PMC7708134 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02629-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is characterized by excessive production of inflammatory cytokines. Recent evidence suggests that inflammation underlies the neurodegenerative process of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Whether AS has an influence on the development of PD is unclear. We aimed to examine a relationship, if any exists between AS and PD. Methods A population-based matched cohort study was performed using data from the 2000–2010 Taiwan National Health Insurance database. 6440 patients with AS and 25,760 randomly selected, age- and sex-matched controls were included in this study. The risk of PD in the AS cohort was evaluated by using a Cox model. Results This study revealed a positive association between AS and the risk of PD regardless of sex and age (aHR 1.75, p < .001). Particularly, AS cohort to non-AS cohort relative risk of PD significantly increased for the patients aged below 49 and above 65 years (aHR 4.70, p < .001; aHR 1.69, p < .001, respectively) and the patients with and without comorbidities (aHR 1.61, p < .001; aHR 2.71, p < .001, respectively). Furthermore, NSAID use was associated with lower risk of PD (aHR 0.69, p < .05). However, the risk of PD was higher (aHR 2.40, p < .01) in patients with AS receiving immunosuppressants than in those not receiving (aHR 1.70, p < .001). Conclusions Patients with AS had an increased risk of PD which might be related to underlying chronic inflammation. Further research is required to elucidate the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chiang Yeh
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Cheng Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Chou
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Kao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center of Augmented Intelligence in Healthcare, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Lo
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Cheng Liu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tse-Yen Yang
- Center of Augmented Intelligence in Healthcare, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Molecular and Genomic Epidemiology Center and Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Center for General Education & Master Program of Digital Health Innovation, College of Humanities and Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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10
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N Kolodkin A, Sharma RP, Colangelo AM, Ignatenko A, Martorana F, Jennen D, Briedé JJ, Brady N, Barberis M, Mondeel TDGA, Papa M, Kumar V, Peters B, Skupin A, Alberghina L, Balling R, Westerhoff HV. ROS networks: designs, aging, Parkinson's disease and precision therapies. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2020; 6:34. [PMID: 33106503 PMCID: PMC7589522 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-020-00150-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
How the network around ROS protects against oxidative stress and Parkinson's disease (PD), and how processes at the minutes timescale cause disease and aging after decades, remains enigmatic. Challenging whether the ROS network is as complex as it seems, we built a fairly comprehensive version thereof which we disentangled into a hierarchy of only five simpler subnetworks each delivering one type of robustness. The comprehensive dynamic model described in vitro data sets from two independent laboratories. Notwithstanding its five-fold robustness, it exhibited a relatively sudden breakdown, after some 80 years of virtually steady performance: it predicted aging. PD-related conditions such as lack of DJ-1 protein or increased α-synuclein accelerated the collapse, while antioxidants or caffeine retarded it. Introducing a new concept (aging-time-control coefficient), we found that as many as 25 out of 57 molecular processes controlled aging. We identified new targets for "life-extending interventions": mitochondrial synthesis, KEAP1 degradation, and p62 metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey N Kolodkin
- Infrastructure for Systems Biology Europe (ISBE.NL), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
- Molecular Cell Physiology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Raju Prasad Sharma
- Molecular Cell Physiology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Maria Colangelo
- Infrastructure for Systems Biology Europe (ISBE.IT), Milan, Italy
- SysBio Centre of Systems Biology (ISBE.IT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuroscience "R Levi-Montalcini" Dept of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrew Ignatenko
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Francesca Martorana
- Infrastructure for Systems Biology Europe (ISBE.IT), Milan, Italy
- SysBio Centre of Systems Biology (ISBE.IT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuroscience "R Levi-Montalcini" Dept of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Danyel Jennen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacco J Briedé
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nathan Brady
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matteo Barberis
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Systems Biology, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
- Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCB, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - Thierry D G A Mondeel
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Systems Biology, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
- Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCB, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - Michele Papa
- SysBio Centre of Systems Biology (ISBE.IT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Infrastructure for Systems Biology Europe (ISBE.IT), Naples, Italy
- Department of Mental and Physical Health, University of Campania-L. Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italia
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- IISPV, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Bernhard Peters
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Communication, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alexander Skupin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Lilia Alberghina
- Infrastructure for Systems Biology Europe (ISBE.IT), Milan, Italy
- SysBio Centre of Systems Biology (ISBE.IT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Rudi Balling
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Hans V Westerhoff
- Infrastructure for Systems Biology Europe (ISBE.NL), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Molecular Cell Physiology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Manchester Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, School for Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Ejma M, Madetko N, Brzecka A, Guranski K, Alster P, Misiuk-Hojło M, Somasundaram SG, Kirkland CE, Aliev G. The Links between Parkinson's Disease and Cancer. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8100416. [PMID: 33066407 PMCID: PMC7602272 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies indicate a decreased incidence of most cancer types in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. However, some neoplasms are associated with a higher risk of occurrence in PD patients. Both pathologies share some common biological pathways. Although the etiologies of PD and cancer are multifactorial, some factors associated with PD, such as α-synuclein aggregation; mutations of PINK1, PARKIN, and DJ-1; mitochondrial dysfunction; and oxidative stress can also be involved in cancer proliferation or cancer suppression. The main protein associated with PD, i.e., α-synuclein, can be involved in some types of neoplastic formations. On the other hand, however, its downregulation has been found in the other cancers. PINK1 can act as oncogenic or a tumor suppressor. PARKIN dysfunction may lead to some cancers’ growth, and its expression may be associated with some tumors’ suppression. DJ-1 mutation is involved in PD pathogenesis, but its increased expression was found in some neoplasms, such as melanoma or breast, lung, colorectal, uterine, hepatocellular, and nasopharyngeal cancers. Both mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are involved in PD and cancer development. The aim of this review is to summarize the possible associations between PD and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ejma
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (M.E.); (N.M.); (K.G.)
| | - Natalia Madetko
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (M.E.); (N.M.); (K.G.)
| | - Anna Brzecka
- Department of Pulmonology and Lung Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Grabiszyńska 105, 53-439 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Konstanty Guranski
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (M.E.); (N.M.); (K.G.)
| | - Piotr Alster
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Kondratowicza 8, 03-242 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Marta Misiuk-Hojło
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Siva G. Somasundaram
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV 26426, USA; (S.G.S.); (C.E.K.)
| | - Cecil E. Kirkland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV 26426, USA; (S.G.S.); (C.E.K.)
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Russian Academy of Medical Science, Street Tsyurupa 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow Region, Russia
- GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-210-442-8625 or +1-440-263-7461
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12
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Orexins role in neurodegenerative diseases: From pathogenesis to treatment. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 194:172929. [PMID: 32315694 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Orexin is a neurotransmitter that mainly regulates sleep/wake cycle. In addition to its sleep cycle regulatory role, it is involved in regulation of attention, energy homeostasis, neurogenesis and cognition. Several evidences has shown the involvement of orexin in narcolepsy, but there are also growing evidences that shows the disturbance in orexin system in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Epilepsy, Huntington's diseases and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Pathogenesis and clinical symptoms of these disorders can be partly attributed from orexin system imbalance. However, there are controversial reports on the exact relationship between orexin and these neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the current evidences regarding the role of orexin in these neurodegenerative diseases.
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13
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Toro R, Downward GS, van der Mark M, Brouwer M, Huss A, Peters S, Hoek G, Nijssen P, Mulleners WM, Sas A, van Laar T, Kromhout H, Vermeulen R. Parkinson's disease and long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution: A matched case-control study in the Netherlands. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 129:28-34. [PMID: 31103844 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is some evidence to suggest an association between ambient air pollution and development of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the small number of studies published to date has reported inconsistent findings. OBJECTIVES To assess the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution constituents and the development of PD. METHODS Air pollution exposures (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <10 μm [PM10], <2.5 μm [PM2.5], between 2.5 μm and 10 μm [PMcoarse], black carbon, and nitrogen oxides [NO2 and NOx]) were predicted based on land-use regression models developed within the "European Study for Air Pollution Effects" (ESCAPE) study, for a Dutch PD case-control study. A total of 1290 subjects (436 cases and 854 controls). were included and 16 years of exposure were estimated (average participant starting age: 53). Exposures were categorized and conditional logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the association between ambient air pollution and PD. RESULTS Overall, no significant, positive relationship between ambient air pollutants and PD was observed. The odds ratio (OR) for PD associated with an increase from the first quartile of NO2 (<22.8 μg/m3) and the fourth (>30.4 μg/m3) was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.54, 1.41). For PM2.5 where the contrast in exposure was more limited, the OR associated with an increase from the first quartile PM2.5 (<21.2 μg/m3) to the fourth (>22.3 μg/m3) was 0.50 (95% CI: 0.24, 1.01). In a subset of the population with long-term residential stability (n = 632), an increased risk of PD was observed (e.g. OR for Q4 vs Q1 NO2:1.37, 95% CI: 0.71, 2.67). CONCLUSIONS We found no clear association between 16 years of residential exposure to ambient air pollution and the development of PD in The Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Toro
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - George S Downward
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Marianne van der Mark
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maartje Brouwer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Susan Peters
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Nijssen
- Department of Neurology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Wim M Mulleners
- Department of Neurology, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Antonetta Sas
- Department of Neurology, Vlietland Hospital, Schiedam, the Netherlands
| | - Teus van Laar
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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14
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Gallo V, Vineis P, Cancellieri M, Chiodini P, Barker RA, Brayne C, Pearce N, Vermeulen R, Panico S, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Vanacore N, Forsgren L, Ramat S, Ardanaz E, Arriola L, Peterson J, Hansson O, Gavrila D, Sacerdote C, Sieri S, Kühn T, Katzke VA, van der Schouw YT, Kyrozis A, Masala G, Mattiello A, Perneczky R, Middleton L, Saracci R, Riboli E. Exploring causality of the association between smoking and Parkinson's disease. Int J Epidemiol 2019; 48:912-925. [PMID: 30462234 PMCID: PMC6659366 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this paper is to investigate the causality of the inverse association between cigarette smoking and Parkinson's disease (PD). The main suggested alternatives include a delaying effect of smoking, reverse causality or an unmeasured confounding related to a low-risk-taking personality trait. METHODS A total of 715 incident PD cases were ascertained in a cohort of 220 494 individuals from NeuroEPIC4PD, a prospective European population-based cohort study including 13 centres in eight countries. Smoking habits were recorded at recruitment. We analysed smoking status, duration, and intensity and exposure to passive smoking in relation to PD onset. RESULTS Former smokers had a 20% decreased risk and current smokers a halved risk of developing PD compared with never smokers. Strong dose-response relationships with smoking intensity and duration were found. Hazard ratios (HRs) for smoking <20 years were 0.84 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67-1.07], 20-29 years 0.73 (95% CI 0.56-0.96) and >30 years 0.54 (95% CI 0.43-0.36) compared with never smokers. The proportional hazard assumption was verified, showing no change of risk over time, arguing against a delaying effect. Reverse causality was disproved by the consistency of dose-response relationships among former and current smokers. The inverse association between passive smoking and PD, HR 0.70 (95% CI 0.49-0.99) ruled out the effect of unmeasured confounding. CONCLUSIONS These results are highly suggestive of a true causal link between smoking and PD, although it is not clear which is the chemical compound in cigarette smoking responsible for the biological effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gallo
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Paolo Vineis
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mariagrazia Cancellieri
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Naples, Italy
- Hygiene and Public Health Unit, Department of Public Health, AUSL Imola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Chiodini
- Medical Statistics Unit, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Naples, Italy
| | - Roger A Barker
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carol Brayne
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Neil Pearce
- Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nicola Vanacore
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Lars Forsgren
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Silvia Ramat
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital-University, Florence, Italy
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- Navarra Public Health Institute, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Larraitz Arriola
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biodonostia Research Institute, Neurosciences Area, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia, Spain
| | | | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Diana Gavrila
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centre for Cancer Prevention (CPO-Piemonte), Turin, Italy
- Human Genetic Foundation (HuGeF), Turin, Italy
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena A Katzke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yvonne T van der Schouw
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Kyrozis
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- First Department of Neurology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention, and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Amalia Mattiello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Robert Perneczky
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for System Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Rodolfo Saracci
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Elio Riboli
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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15
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Associations of cigarette smoking with disease phenotype and type I interferon expression in primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Rheumatol Int 2019; 39:1575-1584. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-019-04335-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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Stutz B, Nasrallah C, Nigro M, Curry D, Liu ZW, Gao XB, Elsworth JD, Mintz L, Horvath TL. Dopamine neuronal protection in the mouse Substantia nigra by GHSR is independent of electric activity. Mol Metab 2019; 24:120-138. [PMID: 30833218 PMCID: PMC6531791 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Dopamine neurons in the Substantia nigra (SN) play crucial roles in control of voluntary movement. Extensive degeneration of this neuronal population is the cause of Parkinson's disease (PD). Many factors have been linked to SN DA neuronal survival, including neuronal pacemaker activity (responsible for maintaining basal firing and DA tone) and mitochondrial function. Dln-101, a naturally occurring splice variant of the human ghrelin gene, targets the ghrelin receptor (GHSR) present in the SN DA cells. Ghrelin activation of GHSR has been shown to protect SN DA neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treatment. We decided to compare the actions of Dln-101 with ghrelin and identify the mechanisms associated with neuronal survival. Methods Histologial, biochemical, and behavioral parameters were used to evaluate neuroprotection. Inflammation and redox balance of SN DA cells were evaluated using histologial and real-time PCR analysis. Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADD) technology was used to modulate SN DA neuron electrical activity and associated survival. Mitochondrial dynamics in SN DA cells was evaluated using electron microscopy data. Results Here, we report that the human isoform displays an equivalent neuroprotective factor. However, while exogenous administration of mouse ghrelin electrically activates SN DA neurons increasing dopamine output, as well as locomotion, the human isoform significantly suppressed dopamine output, with an associated decrease in animal motor behavior. Investigating the mechanisms by which GHSR mediates neuroprotection, we found that dopamine cell-selective control of electrical activity is neither sufficient nor necessary to promote SN DA neuron survival, including that associated with GHSR activation. We found that Dln101 pre-treatment diminished MPTP-induced mitochondrial aberrations in SN DA neurons and that the effect of Dln101 to protect dopamine cells was dependent on mitofusin 2, a protein involved in the process of mitochondrial fusion and tethering of the mitochondria to the endoplasmic reticulum. Conclusions Taken together, these observations unmasked a complex role of GHSR in dopamine neuronal protection independent on electric activity of these cells and revealed a crucial role for mitochondrial dynamics in some aspects of this process. Dln101 is a human splice-variant of the ghrelin gene with different expression pattern. Ghrelin and Dln101 display equivalent levels of neuroprotection of SN DA cells. Modulation of electrical activity of SN DA cells is not relevant for neuroprotection. Mitochondrial fusion protein 2 (MFN 2) blocks DLN101-induced mitochondrial fusion in SN DA neurons and prevents DLN101-induced neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Stutz
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, USA.
| | - Carole Nasrallah
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, USA
| | - Mariana Nigro
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, USA
| | | | - Zhong-Wu Liu
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, USA
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, USA
| | | | | | - Tamas L Horvath
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, 1078, Hungary.
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Herden L, Weissert R. The Impact of Coffee and Caffeine on Multiple Sclerosis Compared to Other Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Nutr 2018; 5:133. [PMID: 30622948 PMCID: PMC6308803 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The literature concerning the effect of coffee and caffeine on Multiple Sclerosis (MS) with focus on fatigue is investigated in this review. Potentially clinically relevant effects were also assessed in studies concerning comparable neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Since the existing studies obtained very inconclusive results, we systematically reviewed these studies to summarize the evidence on the possible effects of coffee and caffeine on those disease entities. Previous studies suggested that coffee and caffeine intake is associated with a reduced risk of developing MS and other neurological diseases. Methods: The PubMed database was searched using the keywords “coffee” OR “caffeine” in combination with keywords for each of the different diseases. Besides the keyword search, we included studies by reference list search. Studies on the effects of coffee and caffeine on the single neurological diseases were included for this review. A total of 51 articles met our inclusion criteria. The reviewed articles assessed the impact of coffee and caffeine on the susceptibility for neurological diseases, as well as the effect of coffee and caffeine on disease progression and possible symptomatic effects like on performance enhancement. Results: Higher intake of coffee and caffeine was associated with a lower risk of developing PD. In some of the MS studies there, is evidence for a similar effect and experimental studies confirmed the positive impact. Interestingly in MS coffee and caffeine may have a stronger impact on disease course compared to effects on disease susceptibility. In ALS no such beneficial effect could be observed in the clinical and experimental studies. Conclusion: This literature assessment revealed that coffee and especially caffeine could have a preventative role in the development of several neurodegenerative diseases if provided in comparatively high doses. The systematic assessment indicates that coffee and caffeine intake must not be considered as a health risk. Additional clinical studies are needed to fully understand how far coffee and caffeine intake should be considered as a potential therapeutic approach for certain disease entities and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Herden
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Robert Weissert
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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18
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Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E, Agúndez JAG. Alcohol consumption and risk for Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol 2018; 266:1821-1834. [PMID: 30155737 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-9032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The possibility that alcohol consumption should be considered as a "protective factor" for Parkinson's disease (PD) has been suggested by several case-control studies. However, other case-control studies and data from prospective longitudinal cohort studies have been inconclusive. We carried out a systematic review which included all the eligible studies published on PD risk related with alcohol consumption, and conducted a meta-analysis according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The systematic review was performed using two databases, and the meta-analysis of the eligible studies with the software Meta-Disc1.1.1. Heterogeneity between studies was tested with the Q-statistic. The meta-analysis included 26 eligible retrospective case-control studies (8798 PD patients, 15,699 controls) and 5 prospective longitudinal cohort studies (2404 PD patients, 600,592 controls) on alcohol consumption and PD. In retrospective case-control studies the frequency of PD patients never drinkers was higher and the frequency of heavy + moderate drinkers was lower [diagnostic OR (95% CI) 1.33(1.20-1.48) and 0.74(0.64-0.85)], respectively, when compared to healthy controls. In contrast, in prospective studies, the differences were not significant with the exception of a trend towards a higher frequency of non-drinkers in PD women and a significantly lower frequency of moderate + heavy drinkers in PD men in those studies which stratified data by gender. The present meta-analysis suggests an inverse association between alcohol consumption and PD, which is supported by the results of case-control studies but not clearly by prospective ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Javier Jiménez-Jiménez
- Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Ronda del Sur 10, E28500, Arganda del Rey (Madrid), Spain.
- Department of Medicine-Neurology, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Hortensia Alonso-Navarro
- Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Ronda del Sur 10, E28500, Arganda del Rey (Madrid), Spain
| | - Elena García-Martín
- University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, UNEx, ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cáceres, Spain
| | - José A G Agúndez
- University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, UNEx, ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cáceres, Spain
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19
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Huber MB, Präger M, Coyle K, Coyle D, Lester‐George A, Trapero‐Bertran M, Nemeth B, Cheung KL, Stark R, Vogl M, Pokhrel S, Leidl R. Cost-effectiveness of increasing the reach of smoking cessation interventions in Germany: results from the EQUIPTMOD. Addiction 2018; 113 Suppl 1:52-64. [PMID: 29243347 PMCID: PMC6033002 DOI: 10.1111/add.14062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate costs, effects and cost-effectiveness of increased reach of specific smoking cessation interventions in Germany. DESIGN A Markov-based state transition return on investment model (EQUIPTMOD) was used to evaluate current smoking cessation interventions as well as two prospective investment scenarios. A health-care perspective (extended to include out-of-pocket payments) with life-time horizon was considered. A probabilistic analysis was used to assess uncertainty concerning predicted estimates. SETTING Germany. PARTICIPANTS Cohort of current smoking population (18+ years) in Germany. INTERVENTIONS Interventions included group-based behavioural support, financial incentive programmes and varenicline. For prospective scenario 1 the reach of group-based behavioral support, financial incentive programme and varenicline was increased by 1% of yearly quit attempts (= 57 915 quit attempts), while prospective scenario 2 represented a higher reach, mirroring the levels observed in England. MEASUREMENTS EQUIPTMOD considered reach, intervention cost, number of quitters, quality-of-life years (QALYs) gained, cost-effectiveness and return on investment. FINDINGS The highest returns through reduction in smoking-related health-care costs were seen for the financial incentive programme (€2.71 per €1 invested), followed by that of group-based behavioural support (€1.63 per €1 invested), compared with no interventions. Varenicline had lower returns (€1.02 per €1 invested) than the other two interventions. At the population level, prospective scenario 1 led to 15 034 QALYs gained and €27 million cost-savings, compared with current investment. Intervention effects and reach contributed most to the uncertainty around the return-on-investment estimates. At a hypothetical willingness-to-pay threshold of only €5000, the probability of being cost-effective is approximately 75% for prospective scenario 1. CONCLUSIONS Increasing the reach of group-based behavioural support, financial incentives and varenicline for smoking cessation by just 1% of current annual quit attempts provides a strategy to German policymakers that improves the population's health outcomes and that may be considered cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel B. Huber
- Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH) ‐ German Research Center for Environmental Health, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC‐M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)Institute of Health Economics and Health Care ManagementNeuherbergGermany
| | - Maximilian Präger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH) ‐ German Research Center for Environmental Health, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC‐M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)Institute of Health Economics and Health Care ManagementNeuherbergGermany
| | - Kathryn Coyle
- Health Economics Research GroupInstitute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University LondonLondonUK
| | - Doug Coyle
- Health Economics Research GroupInstitute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University LondonLondonUK
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | | | - Marta Trapero‐Bertran
- Centre for Research on Economics an Health (CRES) Universitat Pompeu FabraBarcelonaSpain
- Faculty of Economics and Social SciencesUniversitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC)BarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Kei Long Cheung
- Caphri School of Public Health and Primary Care, Health Services ResearchMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Renee Stark
- Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH) ‐ German Research Center for Environmental Health, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC‐M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)Institute of Health Economics and Health Care ManagementNeuherbergGermany
| | - Matthias Vogl
- Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH) ‐ German Research Center for Environmental Health, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC‐M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)Institute of Health Economics and Health Care ManagementNeuherbergGermany
| | - Subhash Pokhrel
- Health Economics Research GroupInstitute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University LondonLondonUK
| | - Reiner Leidl
- Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH) ‐ German Research Center for Environmental Health, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC‐M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)Institute of Health Economics and Health Care ManagementNeuherbergGermany
- Munich Center of Health SciencesLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversityMunichGermany
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20
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Olsson P, Skogstrand K, Nilsson A, Turesson C, Jacobsson LTH, Theander E, Houen G, Mandl T. Smoking, disease characteristics and serum cytokine levels in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Rheumatol Int 2018; 38:1503-1510. [PMID: 29846789 PMCID: PMC6060795 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-018-4063-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Smoking affects several disease processes. Epidemiological studies have previously found a negative association between primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) and smoking. The aim of this study was to examine whether markers of disease activity and cytokine expression in pSS patients differ between ever and never smokers. Fifty-one consecutive pSS patients and 33 population controls were included in the study. Clinical and standard laboratory parameters were registered. Serum cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IL-18, IL-33, IFN-α, IFN-γ, TNF-α, EGF, BAFF, Fas-ligand, RANTES, TGF-β1) were assessed. A positive lip biopsy was less prevalent among ever smoking patients compared to never smokers (81 vs 100%; p = 0.03). However, except for TNF-α, which was higher in ever smokers, no differences in cytokine levels were found when comparing ever and never smoking pSS patients. Furthermore, no significant differences were found between ever and never smoking patients in the ESSDAI total score, IgG levels, or complement levels. However, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17 and IL-18 were significantly increased in pSS patients compared to controls. In this study, a negative association between ever smoking and positive lip biopsy was found, confirming previous reports. Expected differences in cytokine levels compared to controls were noted, but no major differences were found between ever and never smoking pSS patients. Taking into account the negative association between pSS diagnosis and smoking in epidemiological studies, possible explanations include a local effect of smoking on salivary glands rather than systemic effects by cigarette smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Olsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Rheumatology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. .,Department of Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden. .,Reumatologmottagningen SUS Malmö, Jan Waldenströms gata 1B, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Kristin Skogstrand
- Department of Congenital Disorders, Center for Neonatal Screening, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Rheumatology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Rheumatology, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Carl Turesson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Rheumatology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lennart T H Jacobsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Rheumatology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Elke Theander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Rheumatology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Janssen Cilag, Solna, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Houen
- Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Mandl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Rheumatology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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21
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Leak RK. Conditioning Against the Pathology of Parkinson's disease. CONDITIONING MEDICINE 2018; 1:143-162. [PMID: 30370426 PMCID: PMC6200356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is delayed in clinical onset, asymmetric in initial appearance, and slow in progression. One explanation for these characteristics may be a boost in natural defenses after early exposure to mild cellular stress. As the patient ages and resilience recedes, however, stress levels may become sufficiently high that toxic cellular responses can no longer be curbed, culminating in inverted U-shaped stress-response curves as a function of disease duration. If dopaminergic systems are indeed capable of responding to mild stress with effective natural defenses, experimental models of Parkinson's disease should adhere to the principles of preconditioning, whereby stress exposure fortifies cells and tempers the toxic sequelae of subsequent stressors. Here, I review evidence favoring the efficacy of preconditioning in dopaminergic systems. Recent animal work also raises the possibility that cross-hemispheric preconditioning may arrest the spread of asymmetric Parkinson's pathology to the other side of the brain. Indeed, compensatory homeostatic systems have long been hypothesized to maintain neurological function until a threshold of cell loss is exceeded and are often displayed as inverted U-shaped curves. However, some stress responses assume an exponential or sigmoidal profile as a function of disease severity, suggesting end-stage deceleration of disease processes. Thus, surviving dopaminergic neurons may become progressively harder to kill, with the dorsal nigral tier dying slower due to superior baseline defenses, inducible conditioning capacity, or delayed dorsomedial nigral spread of disease. In addition, compensatory processes may be useful as biomarkers to distinguish "responder patients" from "nonresponders" before clinical trials. However, another possibility is that defenses are already maximally conditioned in most patients and no further boost is possible. A third alternative is that genuinely diseased human cells cannot be conditioned, in contrast to preclinical models, none of which faithfully recapitulate age-related human conditions. Disease-related "conditioning deficiencies" would then explain how Parkinson's pathology takes root, progressively shrinks defenses, and eventually kills the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehana K. Leak
- For correspondence please address: Rehana K. Leak,
Ph.D., Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600
Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, ,
412.396.4734
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22
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Brouwer M, Kromhout H, Vermeulen R, Duyzer J, Kramer H, Hazeu G, de Snoo G, Huss A. Assessment of residential environmental exposure to pesticides from agricultural fields in the Netherlands. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2018; 28:173-181. [PMID: 28327632 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2017.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We developed a spatio-temporal model for the Netherlands to estimate environmental exposure to individual agricultural pesticides at the residential address for application in a national case-control study on Parkinson's disease (PD). Data on agricultural land use and pesticide use were combined to estimate environmental exposure to pesticides for the period 1961 onwards. Distance categories of 0-50 m, >50-100 m, >100-500 m and >500-1000 m around residences were considered. For illustration purposes, exposure was estimated for the control population (n=607) in the PD case-control study. In a small validation effort, model estimates were compared with pesticide measurements in air and precipitation collected at 17 stations in 2000-2001. Estimated exposure prevalence was higher for pesticides used on commonly cultivated (rotating) crops than for pesticides used on fruit and bulbs only. Prevalence increased with increasing distance considered. Moderate-to-high correlations were observed between model estimates (>100-500 m and >500-1000 m) and environmental pesticide concentrations measured in 2000-2001. Environmental exposure to individual pesticides can be estimated using relevant spatial and temporal data sets on agricultural land use and pesticide use. Our approach seems to result in accurate estimates of average environmental exposure, although it remains to be investigated to what extent this reflect personal exposure to agricultural pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje Brouwer
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Julius Centre for Public Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Duyzer
- Department Urban Environment, TNO Built Environment and Geosciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Kramer
- Earth Observation and Environmental Informatics, ALTERRA, Wageningen University & Research centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hazeu
- Spatial Knowledge Systems, ALTERRA, Wageningen University & Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert de Snoo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Huss
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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23
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Ophir N, Bar-Shai A, Kramer MR, Grubstein A, Shani Israeli L, Fireman E. HO-1 protects smokers exposed to artificial stone dust for pulmonary function tests deterioration. SARCOIDOSIS VASCULITIS AND DIFFUSE LUNG DISEASES 2018; 35:276-284. [PMID: 32476913 DOI: 10.36141/svdld.v35i3.6968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Background: The Heme Oxygenase system, along with its catabolism products, is involved in a variety of crucial physiological functions, including cytoprotection, inflammation, anti-oxidative effects, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and vascular regulation. Objectives: To analyze the Heme Oxygenase -1 (HO-1) mediated effect of mild deterioration of pulmonary function testing (PFT) in exposed artificial stone smoking workers. Methods: One hundred stone workers divided into current smokers, ex-smokers and never smokers underwent Low Resolution Computed Tomography, PFT, induced sputum (IS) Particle Size Distribution (PSD) and Real Time PCR in IS samples. Results: Smoking status had no significant effect on PFT results but it altered the IS differential cell counts. There was significantly less decline in PFT over time for the smokers group. There was a significantly lower fraction of small particles (<2 μm) in the IS of the current smokers group compared to the never- and ex-smokers groups. HO-1 gene expression was higher among smokers compared to never- and ex-smokers groups. A low percentage of small particles (<5 μm) correlated negatively to the percentage of neutrophils and positively to the percentage of macrophages in the sputum of the smokers group. Conclusions: We found significantly lower risk for decreased PFT deterioration among smokers workers exposed to artificial stone dust with higher HO-1 gene expression suggesting a possible protective effect of smoking by the involvement of HO-1 mechanism. (Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2018; 35: 276-284).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Ophir
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Laboratory National Service for ILD and
| | - Amir Bar-Shai
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Laboratory National Service for ILD and.,Pulmonary Department, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Mordechai R Kramer
- Pulmonary Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel, both affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ahuva Grubstein
- Pulmonary Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel, both affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Elizabeth Fireman
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Laboratory National Service for ILD and
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24
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Chronic Nicotine Mitigates Aberrant Inhibitory Motor Learning Induced by Motor Experience under Dopamine Deficiency. J Neurosci 2017; 36:5228-40. [PMID: 27170121 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2754-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although dopamine receptor antagonism has long been associated with impairments in motor performance, more recent studies have shown that dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) antagonism, paired with a motor task, not only impairs motor performance concomitant with the pharmacodynamics of the drug, but also impairs future motor performance once antagonism has been relieved. We have termed this phenomenon "aberrant motor learning" and have suggested that it may contribute to motor symptoms in movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we show that chronic nicotine (cNIC), but not acute nicotine, treatment mitigates the acquisition of D2R-antagonist-induced aberrant motor learning in mice. Although cNIC mitigates D2R-mediated aberrant motor learning, cNIC has no effect on D1R-mediated motor learning. β2-containing nicotinic receptors in dopamine neurons likely mediate the protective effect of cNIC against aberrant motor learning, because selective deletion of β2 nicotinic subunits in dopamine neurons reduced D2R-mediated aberrant motor learning. Finally, both cNIC treatment and β2 subunit deletion blunted postsynaptic responses to D2R antagonism. These results suggest that a chronic decrease in function or a downregulation of β2-containing nicotinic receptors protects the striatal network against aberrant plasticity and aberrant motor learning induced by motor experience under dopamine deficiency. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Increasingly, aberrant plasticity and aberrant learning are recognized as contributing to the development and progression of movement disorders. Here, we show that chronic nicotine (cNIC) treatment or specific deletion of β2 nicotinic receptor subunits in dopamine neurons mitigates aberrant motor learning induced by dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) blockade in mice. Moreover, both manipulations also reduced striatal dopamine release and blunt postsynaptic responses to D2R antagonists. These results suggest that chronic downregulation of function and/or receptor expression of β2-containing nicotinic receptors alters presynaptic and postsynaptic striatal signaling to protect against aberrant motor learning. Moreover, these results suggest that cNIC treatment may alleviate motor symptoms and/or delay the deterioration of motor function in movement disorders by blocking aberrant motor learning.
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25
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Olsson P, Turesson C, Mandl T, Jacobsson L, Theander E. Cigarette smoking and the risk of primary Sjögren's syndrome: a nested case control study. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:50. [PMID: 28270185 PMCID: PMC5341180 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is reported to affect the risk of a number of chronic disorders, including rheumatic diseases. Previous cross-sectional studies have shown a lower frequency of smoking in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of smoking and socioeconomic status on the risk of subsequent diagnosis of pSS in a nested case-control study. METHOD Participants in two large population-based health surveys who were later diagnosed with pSS were identified through linkage with the Malmö Sjögren's Syndrome Register. Matched controls were obtained from the health surveys. RESULTS Sixty-three patients with pSS with pre-diagnostic data from the health surveys were identified. Current smoking was associated with a significantly lower risk of later being diagnosed with pSS (odds ratio (OR) 0.3; 95% CI 0.1-0.6). Furthermore, former smoking was associated with an increased risk of subsequent pSS diagnosis (OR 4.0; 95% CI 1.8-8.8) compared to never smoking. Similar results were found in a sub-analysis of patients with reported symptom onset after inclusion in the health surveys. Socioeconomic status and levels of formal education had no significant impact on the risk of later being diagnosed with pSS. CONCLUSION In this nested case-control study, current smoking was associated with a reduced risk of subsequent diagnosis of pSS. In addition, former smoking was associated with an increased risk. Whether this reflects a biological effect of cigarette smoking or other mechanisms should be further investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Olsson
- Department of Clinical sciences, Malmö, Rheumatology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. .,Department of Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Inga Marie Nilssons gata 32, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Carl Turesson
- Department of Clinical sciences, Malmö, Rheumatology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Inga Marie Nilssons gata 32, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Thomas Mandl
- Department of Clinical sciences, Malmö, Rheumatology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Inga Marie Nilssons gata 32, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lennart Jacobsson
- Department of Clinical sciences, Malmö, Rheumatology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation research, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elke Theander
- Department of Clinical sciences, Malmö, Rheumatology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Inga Marie Nilssons gata 32, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
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26
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Arnaldi D, Antelmi E, St Louis EK, Postuma RB, Arnulf I. Idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder and neurodegenerative risk: To tell or not to tell to the patient? How to minimize the risk? Sleep Med Rev 2016; 36:82-95. [PMID: 28082168 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Most people with idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) have an underlying synucleinopathy, mainly Parkinson's disease (PD) or dementia with Lewy bodies, with median conversion time of 4-9 y from iRBD diagnosis and of 11-16 y from symptom onset. Subtle signs and imaging tests indicate concomitant neurodegeneration in widespread brain areas. Risk factor studies suggest that iRBD patients may have prior head injury, occupational farming, pesticide exposure, low education level and possibly more frequent family history of dream-enactment behavior (but not of PD), plus unexpected risk factors (smoking, ischemic heart disease and inhaled corticosteroid use). Unlike PD, caffeine and smoking appear not to have a protective role. Prior depression and antidepressant use may be early neurodegenerative signs rather than exclusively causative factors. Age, hyposmia, impaired color vision, abnormal dopaminergic imaging, mild cognitive impairment and possibly sleepiness, may identify patients at greater risk of more rapid conversion. The consensus is to generally disclose the neurodegenerative risk to patients (with the caveat that phenoconversion and its temporal course remain uncertain in individuals without "soft neurodegenerative signs" and those under 50 y of age), to suggest a healthy lifestyle and to take part in prospective cohort studies in anticipation of eventual neuroprotective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Arnaldi
- Clinical Neurology, Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Antelmi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Erik K St Louis
- Mayo Center for Sleep Medicine, Departments of Neurology and Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ronald B Postuma
- Department of Neurology, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Arnulf
- Sleep Disorder Unit, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, APHP, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France.
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27
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Pourshahidi LK, Navarini L, Petracco M, Strain J. A Comprehensive Overview of the Risks and Benefits of Coffee Consumption. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2016; 15:671-684. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Kirsty Pourshahidi
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE); Univ. of Ulster; Coleraine BT52 1SA UK
| | | | | | - J.J. Strain
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE); Univ. of Ulster; Coleraine BT52 1SA UK
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28
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Brilliant MH, Vaziri K, Connor TB, Schwartz SG, Carroll JJ, McCarty CA, Schrodi SJ, Hebbring SJ, Kishor KS, Flynn HW, Moshfeghi AA, Moshfeghi DM, Fini ME, McKay BS. Mining Retrospective Data for Virtual Prospective Drug Repurposing: L-DOPA and Age-related Macular Degeneration. Am J Med 2016; 129:292-8. [PMID: 26524704 PMCID: PMC4841631 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of visual loss among the elderly. A key cell type involved in AMD, the retinal pigment epithelium, expresses a G protein-coupled receptor that, in response to its ligand, L-DOPA, up-regulates pigment epithelia-derived factor, while down-regulating vascular endothelial growth factor. In this study we investigated the potential relationship between L-DOPA and AMD. METHODS We used retrospective analysis to compare the incidence of AMD between patients taking vs not taking L-DOPA. We analyzed 2 separate cohorts of patients with extensive medical records from the Marshfield Clinic (approximately 17,000 and approximately 20,000) and the Truven MarketScan outpatient and databases (approximately 87 million) patients. We used International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision codes to identify AMD diagnoses and L-DOPA prescriptions to determine the relative risk of developing AMD and age of onset with or without an L-DOPA prescription. RESULTS In the retrospective analysis of patients without an L-DOPA prescription, AMD age of onset was 71.2, 71.3, and 71.3 in 3 independent retrospective cohorts. Age-related macular degeneration occurred significantly later in patients with an L-DOPA prescription, 79.4 in all cohorts. The odds ratio of developing AMD was also significantly negatively correlated by L-DOPA (odds ratio 0.78; confidence interval, 0.76-0.80; P <.001). Similar results were observed for neovascular AMD (P <.001). CONCLUSIONS Exogenous L-DOPA was protective against AMD. L-DOPA is normally produced in pigmented tissues, such as the retinal pigment epithelium, as a byproduct of melanin synthesis by tyrosinase. GPR143 is the only known L-DOPA receptor; it is therefore plausible that GPR143 may be a fruitful target to combat this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray H Brilliant
- Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, Wis
| | - Kamyar Vaziri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Palm Beach Gardens, Fla
| | - Thomas B Connor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Stephen G Schwartz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Palm Beach Gardens, Fla
| | - Joseph J Carroll
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | | | - Steven J Schrodi
- Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, Wis
| | - Scott J Hebbring
- Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, Wis
| | - Krishna S Kishor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Palm Beach Gardens, Fla
| | - Harry W Flynn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Palm Beach Gardens, Fla
| | - Andrew A Moshfeghi
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Darius M Moshfeghi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif
| | - M Elizabeth Fini
- USC Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Cell & Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Brian S McKay
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Arizona, Tucson; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson.
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29
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Environmental risk factors and Parkinson's disease: An umbrella review of meta-analyses. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016; 23:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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31
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Feng DD, Cai W, Chen X. The associations between Parkinson's disease and cancer: the plot thickens. Transl Neurodegener 2015; 4:20. [PMID: 26504519 PMCID: PMC4620601 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-015-0043-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies support a general inverse association between the risk of cancer development and Parkinson’s disease (PD). In recent years however, increasing amount of eclectic evidence points to a positive association between PD and cancers through different temporal analyses and ethnic groups. This positive association has been supported by several common genetic mutations in SNCA, PARK2, PARK8, ATM, p53, PTEN, and MC1R resulting in cellular changes such as mitochondrial dysfunction, aberrant protein aggregation, and cell cycle dysregulation. Here, we review the epidemiological and biological advances of the past decade in the association between PD and cancers to offer insight on the recent and sometimes contradictory findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle D Feng
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Waijiao Cai
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.,Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Xiqun Chen
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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32
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Kardani J, Roy I. Understanding Caffeine's Role in Attenuating the Toxicity of α-Synuclein Aggregates: Implications for Risk of Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:1613-25. [PMID: 26167732 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies report a beneficial relationship between drinking coffee and the risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). This is likely due to caffeine, a constituent of coffee, acting as an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist. This study was planned to investigate whether caffeine has any effect on the aggregation of α-synuclein, present in Lewy bodies, the pathological hallmark of PD, which may account for this positive association. Aggregation of recombinant α-synuclein was followed in vitro and in a well-validated yeast proteotoxicity model of PD. Caffeine was found to have twin effects: it accelerated the process of aggregation and also altered the nature of mature aggregates. Aggregates formed in the presence of caffeine displayed amorphous as well as fibrillar morphology. In the presence of caffeine, the toxicity of oligomers and aggregates was diminished, with concomitant reduction in intracellular oxidative stress, decreased oxidative proteome damage, and increased cell survival. Caffeine-treated samples showed improved binding to phospholipids, a property likely to be important in cellular functioning of α-synuclein. Far-UV CD spectroscopy and fluorescence quenching analysis revealed that caffeine induced transient changes in this intrinsically disordered protein, forming a non-native species that enhanced the rate of aggregation of α-synuclein and modified the population of mature aggregates, introducing a higher fraction of amorphous, less toxic species. Increasingly, it is felt that the process of fibrillation itself, along with the nature of mature aggregates, dictates the cytotoxicity of the process. Our results provide a rationale for the observed epidemiological link between drinking coffee and developing PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Kardani
- Department
of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector
67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160
062, India
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department
of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector
67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160
062, India
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Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 genetic variations may increase susceptibility to Parkinson's disease in Han Chinese population. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:2660.e9-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Håglin L. High serum phosphate concentration as the result of smoking might underlie the lower risk of Parkinson's disease. Med Hypotheses 2015. [PMID: 26206759 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have found a negative association between cigarette smoking and Parkinson's disease (PD): PD patients are approximately 50% less likely to have smoked cigarettes than age- and sex-matched controls. In both women and men, the PD protection effect of smoking may be explained by higher levels of phosphate in serum (S-P) and triglycerides (S-TG) in smokers compared to non-smokers. That is, the protecting effect from smoking could be mediated by either a high S-P or high S-TG levels. I suggest that higher S-P as the result of smoking may be associated with intracellular depletion of Pi in skeletal muscle and that this depletion of Pi is associated with increased availability of phosphate for the brain. This increased phosphate availability would protect against PD, as oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria is a central and persistent phenomenon in the pathogenesis cascade of PD. Phosphate is necessary for energy production in the form of creatine phosphate (CP) and adenosine-tri-phosphate (ATP) in the brain and skeletal muscle. As such, hypophosphatemia increases risk of cell death. In some clinical instances, this energy depletion may pre-dispose to dopamine neuron death. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with the generation of oxidative stress and mediates the induction of apoptosis. Studies with NMR spectroscopy reveal that an energy deficit in brain cells is a strong mark for PD although this differed for men and women. Compared to women, men had lower serum phosphate and ATP levels in the brain (about 15% lower). In addition to sex differences, age, stress, and malnutrition may cause low serum phosphate levels, a situation that could contribute to the lack of energy available to the brain and the risk of PD. As hypophosphatemia is present in overnutrition and has an inverse relation with a high BMI, both obesity and malnutrition are considered to be presumptive risk factor for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Håglin
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden.
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Brauer R, Bhaskaran K, Chaturvedi N, Dexter DT, Smeeth L, Douglas I. Glitazone Treatment and Incidence of Parkinson's Disease among People with Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study. PLoS Med 2015; 12:e1001854. [PMID: 26196151 PMCID: PMC4511413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent in vitro and animal experiments suggest that peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor gamma (PPARɣ) agonist medications, such as antidiabetic glitazone (GTZ) drugs, are neuroprotective in models of Parkinson's disease (PD). These findings have not been tested in humans. We hypothesized that individuals prescribed GTZ drugs would have a lower incidence of PD compared to individuals prescribed other treatments for diabetes. METHODS AND FINDINGS Using primary care data from the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), we conducted a retrospective cohort study in which individuals with diabetes who were newly prescribed GTZ (GTZ-exposed group) were matched by age, sex, practice, and diabetes treatment stage with up to five individuals prescribed other diabetes treatments (other antidiabetic drug-exposed group). Patients were followed up from 1999 until the first recording of a PD diagnosis, end of observation in the database, or end of the study (1 August 2013). An incidence rate ratio (IRR) was calculated using conditional Poisson regression, adjusted for possible confounders. 44,597 GTZ exposed individuals were matched to 120,373 other antidiabetic users. 175 GTZ-exposed individuals were diagnosed with PD compared to 517 individuals in the other antidiabetic drug-exposed group. The incidence rate (IR) of PD in the GTZ-exposed group was 6.4 per 10,000 patient years compared with 8.8 per 10,000 patient years in those prescribed other antidiabetic treatments (IRR 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60-0.87). Adjustments for potential confounding variables, including smoking, other medications, head injury, and disease severity, had no material impact (fully adjusted IRR 0.75, 0.59-0.94). The risk was reduced in those with current GTZ prescriptions (current GTZ-exposed IRR 0.59, 0.46-0.77) but not reduced among those with past prescriptions (past GTZ-exposed IRR 0.85, 0.65-1.10). Our study only included patients with diabetes who did not have a PD diagnosis when they were first prescribed GTZ, and thus, it cannot establish whether GTZ use prevents or slows the progression of PD. CONCLUSIONS In patients with diabetes, a current prescription for GTZ is associated with a reduction in incidence of PD. This suggests PPAR gamma pathways may be a fruitful drug target in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Brauer
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Krishnan Bhaskaran
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nishi Chaturvedi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David T. Dexter
- Centre for Neuroinflammation & Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Smeeth
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Douglas
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Gatto EM, Melcon C, Parisi VL, Bartoloni L, Gonzalez CD. Inverse association between yerba mate consumption and idiopathic Parkinson's disease. A case-control study. J Neurol Sci 2015; 356:163-7. [PMID: 26148934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Yerba mate tea is a very common beverage in some countries of South America. We conducted a case-control study on an individual basis using hospital records to investigate the association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and yerba mate intake. A case was defined as an age of ≥ 40 years with ≥ 1 year of PD. Each case was individually matched by two controls. Exposure was measured by yerba mate consumption, coffee, tea, and alcohol intake and smoking status. The sample consisted of 223 PD patients (mean age 68 years and mean disease duration 7.3 years) and 406 controls. There was an inverse association between yerba mate "bombilla" consumption and PD (OR 0.64, 95% CI: 0.54-0.76, p=0.00001). A multivariate analysis with a logistic regression adjusted by sex, alcohol intake and smoking provided the following results: yerba mate (OR 0.63, 95% CI: 0.53-0.76), tea (OR 0.60, 95% CI: 0.42-0.86), coffee (OR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.35-0.73). We found an inverse association between yerba mate consumption and PD. These results led us to hypothesize that yerba mate may have a potential protective role in the development of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Mabel Gatto
- Instituto de Neurociencias Buenos Aires, INEBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Carlos Melcon
- Fundación para la Investigación en Neuroepidemiología (FINEP), Junín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia L Parisi
- Departamento Neurología, Sanatorio de la Trinidad Mitre, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Bartoloni
- Hospital A. Zubizarreta, Laboratorio de Investigación de la Memoria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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van der Mark M, Vermeulen R, Nijssen PCG, Mulleners WM, Sas AMG, van Laar T, Huss A, Kromhout H. Occupational exposure to solvents, metals and welding fumes and risk of Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2015; 21:635-9. [PMID: 25903042 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the potential association between occupational exposure to solvents, metals and/or welding fumes and risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS Data of a hospital based case-control study including 444 PD patients and 876 age and sex matched controls was used. Occupational histories and lifestyle information of cases and controls were collected in a structured telephone interview. Exposures to aromatic solvents, chlorinated solvents and metals were estimated by linking the ALOHA+ job-exposure matrix to the occupational histories. Exposure to welding fumes was estimated using self-reported information on welding activities. RESULTS No statistically significant associations with any of the studied metal and solvent exposures were found. However, for self-reported welding activities we observed non-statistically significant reduced risk estimates (third tertile cumulative exposure: OR = 0.51 (95% CI: 0.21-1.24)). CONCLUSIONS The results of our study did not provide support for an increased chance on developing PD after occupational exposure to aromatic solvents, chlorinated solvents or exposure to metals. The results showed reduced risk estimates for welding, which is in line with previous research, but no clear explanation for these findings is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne van der Mark
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80178, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80178, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter C G Nijssen
- St Elisabeth Hospital, P.O. Box 90151, 5000 LC Tilburg, The Netherlands; TweeSteden Hospital, P.O. Box 90107, 5000 LA Tilburg, The Netherlands.
| | - Wim M Mulleners
- Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, P.O. Box 9015, 6500 GS Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Antonetta M G Sas
- Vlietland Hospital, P.O. Box 215, 3100 AE Schiedam, The Netherlands.
| | - Teus van Laar
- University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Anke Huss
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80178, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80178, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Epigenetic mechanisms in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci 2014; 349:3-9. [PMID: 25553963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disease, but its pathogenesis is not fully understood. The selective neuronal cell death in PD has been considered to result from a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors, but the nature of the relationship between the two chief modifiers remains to be elucidated. There is a growing body of evidence supporting the role of epigenetics in the development and progression of many neurodegenerative diseases including PD. Epigenetic modification refers to changes in gene expression or function without changes in DNA sequence, which mainly includes DNA methylation, post-modifications of histone, and non-coding RNAs. In this review, we will focus on the abnormal epigenetic modifications involved in the pathogenesis of PD and their implications for the development of future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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van der Mark M, Vermeulen R, Nijssen PCG, Mulleners WM, Sas AMG, van Laar T, Brouwer M, Huss A, Kromhout H. Occupational exposure to pesticides and endotoxin and Parkinson disease in the Netherlands. Occup Environ Med 2014; 71:757-64. [PMID: 25104429 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous research has indicated that occupational exposure to pesticides and possibly airborne endotoxin may increase the risk of developing Parkinson disease (PD). We studied the associations of PD with occupational exposure to pesticides, specifically to the functional subclasses insecticides, herbicides and fungicides, and to airborne endotoxin. In addition we evaluated specific pesticides (active ingredients) previously associated with PD. METHODS We used data from a hospital-based case-control study, including 444 patients with PD and 876 age and sex matched controls. Exposures to pesticides from application and re-entry work were estimated with the ALOHA+job-exposure matrix and with an exposure algorithm based on self-reported information on pesticide use. To assess exposure to specific active ingredients a crop-exposure matrix was developed. Endotoxin exposure was estimated with the DOM job-exposure matrix. RESULTS The results showed almost no significant associations. However, ORs were elevated in the higher exposure categories for pesticides in general, insecticides, herbicides and fungicides, and below unity for endotoxin exposure. The analyses on specific active ingredients showed a significant association of PD risk with the fungicide benomyl. CONCLUSIONS This study did not provide evidence for a relation between pesticide exposure and PD. However, the consistently elevated ORs in the higher exposure categories suggest that a positive association may exist. The possible association with the active ingredient benomyl requires follow-up in other studies. This study did not provide support for a possible association between endotoxin exposure and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne van der Mark
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C G Nijssen
- St Elisabeth Hospital Tilburg, Tilburg, The Netherlands TweeSteden Hospital Tilburg, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Wim M Mulleners
- Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Teus van Laar
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje Brouwer
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Huss
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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40
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Brouwer M, Huss A, Vermeulen R, Nijssen P, de Snoo G, Kromhout H. Expert assessment of historical crop specific pesticide use in the Netherlands. Occup Environ Med 2014; 71:717-22. [PMID: 25085766 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Retrospective assessment of environmental pesticide exposure is challenging. Exposure measurements or information on crop-specific pesticide use are often lacking historically. We applied expert assessment to reconstruct historical pesticide use patterns in the Netherlands, and evaluated reliability and accuracy of this procedure. METHODS For six main crops in the Netherlands, two experts per crop individually rated the probability (percentage of farmers applying) and frequency of use of authorised active ingredients between 1961 and 2005 per 5-year period. Inter-rater agreement was investigated by the percentage overall agreement and weighted Cohen's κ's (κ(w)). Experts' ratings were compared with self-reported pesticide use from recent farmer surveys to determine accuracy of the ratings. RESULTS Inter-rater agreement on the probability of use varied between crops (κ(w) 0.25 to 0.69), as well as agreement on the frequency of use (κ(w) 0.32 to 0.64). Inter-rater agreement was marginally higher for herbicides and fungicides than insecticides. Comparisons with survey data indicated fair to good accuracy of the experts' ratings for the probability (κ(w) 0.48 to 0.65) and frequency of use (κ(w) 0.38 to 0.68). For all crops except fruit, the specificity of the experts' ratings was higher than the sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Overall inter-rater agreement between experts was fair to good and experts' ratings were reasonably accurate. Results of this study indicate that expert assessment can be used to derive information on historical pesticide use, which is essential for epidemiological studies evaluating the effect of (past) environmental exposure to pesticides on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje Brouwer
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Huss
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands Julius Centre for Public Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Nijssen
- St. Elisabeth Hospital Tilburg, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Geert de Snoo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Flores-Bellver M, Bonet-Ponce L, Barcia JM, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Martinez-Gil N, Saez-Atienzar S, Sancho-Pelluz J, Jordan J, Galindo MF, Romero FJ. Autophagy and mitochondrial alterations in human retinal pigment epithelial cells induced by ethanol: implications of 4-hydroxy-nonenal. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1328. [PMID: 25032851 PMCID: PMC4123082 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium has a crucial role in the physiology and pathophysiology of the retina due to its location and metabolism. Oxidative damage has been demonstrated as a pathogenic mechanism in several retinal diseases, and reactive oxygen species are certainly important by-products of ethanol (EtOH) metabolism. Autophagy has been shown to exert a protective effect in different cellular and animal models. Thus, in our model, EtOH treatment increases autophagy flux, in a concentration-dependent manner. Mitochondrial morphology seems to be clearly altered under EtOH exposure, leading to an apparent increase in mitochondrial fission. An increase in 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein fluorescence and accumulation of lipid peroxidation products, such as 4-hydroxy-nonenal (4-HNE), among others were confirmed. The characterization of these structures confirmed their nature as aggresomes. Hence, autophagy seems to have a cytoprotective role in ARPE-19 cells under EtOH damage, by degrading fragmented mitochondria and 4-HNE aggresomes. Herein, we describe the central implication of autophagy in human retinal pigment epithelial cells upon oxidative stress induced by EtOH, with possible implications for other conditions and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Flores-Bellver
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Catholic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - L Bonet-Ponce
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Catholic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J M Barcia
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Catholic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J M Garcia-Verdugo
- Department of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutive Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - N Martinez-Gil
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Catholic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - S Saez-Atienzar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Catholic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Sancho-Pelluz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Catholic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Jordan
- Neuropharmacology Group, Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Castilla la Mancha, IDINE, Albacete, Spain
| | - M F Galindo
- Unit of Translational Neuropsychopharmacology, University of Castilla la Mancha and Albacete Hospital, Albacete, Spain
| | - F J Romero
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Catholic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Santiago AR, Baptista FI, Santos PF, Cristóvão G, Ambrósio AF, Cunha RA, Gomes CA. Role of microglia adenosine A(2A) receptors in retinal and brain neurodegenerative diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:465694. [PMID: 25132733 PMCID: PMC4124703 DOI: 10.1155/2014/465694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation mediated by microglial cells in the brain has been commonly associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Whether this microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is cause or consequence of neurodegeneration is still a matter of controversy. However, it is unequivocal that chronic neuroinflammation plays a role in disease progression and halting that process represents a potential therapeutic strategy. The neuromodulator adenosine emerges as a promising targeting candidate based on its ability to regulate microglial proliferation, chemotaxis, and reactivity through the activation of its G protein coupled A2A receptor (A2AR). This is in striking agreement with the ability of A2AR blockade to control several brain diseases. Retinal degenerative diseases have been also associated with microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, but the role of A2AR has been scarcely explored. This review aims to compare inflammatory features of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases with glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy, discussing the therapeutic potential of A2AR in these degenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R. Santiago
- Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- AIBILI, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Largo Marquês de Pombal, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filipa I. Baptista
- Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo F. Santos
- Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Largo Marquês de Pombal, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Cristóvão
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Largo Marquês de Pombal, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António F. Ambrósio
- Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- AIBILI, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Largo Marquês de Pombal, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A. Cunha
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Largo Marquês de Pombal, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina A. Gomes
- Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Largo Marquês de Pombal, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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Extremely low-frequency magnetic field exposure, electrical shocks and risk of Parkinson’s disease. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2014; 88:227-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-014-0949-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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