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Akyuz E, Arulsamy A, Aslan FS, Sarisözen B, Guney B, Hekimoglu A, Yilmaz BN, Retinasamy T, Shaikh MF. An Expanded Narrative Review of Neurotransmitters on Alzheimer's Disease: The Role of Therapeutic Interventions on Neurotransmission. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04333-y. [PMID: 39012443 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04333-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. The accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles are the key players responsible for the pathogenesis of the disease. The accumulation of Aβ plaques and tau affect the balance in chemical neurotransmitters in the brain. Thus, the current review examined the role of neurotransmitters in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and discusses the alterations in the neurochemical activity and cross talk with their receptors and transporters. In the presence of Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, changes may occur in the expression of neuronal receptors which in turn triggers excessive release of glutamate into the synaptic cleft contributing to cell death and neuronal damage. The GABAergic system may also be affected by AD pathology in a similar way. In addition, decreased receptors in the cholinergic system and dysfunction in the dopamine neurotransmission of AD pathology may also contribute to the damage to cognitive function. Moreover, the presence of deficiencies in noradrenergic neurons within the locus coeruleus in AD suggests that noradrenergic stimulation could be useful in addressing its pathophysiology. The regulation of melatonin, known for its effectiveness in enhancing cognitive function and preventing Aβ accumulation, along with the involvement of the serotonergic system and histaminergic system in cognition and memory, becomes remarkable for promoting neurotransmission in AD. Additionally, nitric oxide and adenosine-based therapeutic approaches play a protective role in AD by preventing neuroinflammation. Overall, neurotransmitter-based therapeutic strategies emerge as pivotal for addressing neurotransmitter homeostasis and neurotransmission in the context of AD. This review discussed the potential for neurotransmitter-based drugs to be effective in slowing and correcting the neurodegenerative processes in AD by targeting the neurochemical imbalance in the brain. Therefore, neurotransmitter-based drugs could serve as a future therapeutic strategy to tackle AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enes Akyuz
- Department of Biophysics, International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alina Arulsamy
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | | | - Bugra Sarisözen
- School of Medicine, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Beyzanur Guney
- International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Beyza Nur Yilmaz
- International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Thaarvena Retinasamy
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Orange, New South Wales, 2800, Australia.
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2
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Miller MW, Wolf EJ, Zhao X, Logue MW, Hawn SE. An EWAS of dementia biomarkers and their associations with age, African ancestry, and PTSD. Clin Epigenetics 2024; 16:38. [PMID: 38431614 PMCID: PMC10908031 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-024-01649-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large-scale cohort and epidemiological studies suggest that PTSD confers risk for dementia in later life but the biological mechanisms underlying this association remain unknown. This study examined this question by assessing the influences of PTSD, APOE ε4 genotypes, DNA methylation, and other variables on the age- and dementia-associated biomarkers Aβ40, Aβ42, GFAP, NfL, and pTau-181 measured in plasma. Our primary hypothesis was that PTSD would be associated with elevated levels of these markers. METHODS Analyses were based on data from a PTSD-enriched cohort of 849 individuals. We began by performing factor analyses of the biomarkers, the results of which identified a two-factor solution. Drawing from the ATN research framework, we termed the first factor, defined by Aβ40 and Aβ42, "Factor A" and the second factor, defined by GFAP, NfL and pTau-181, "Factor TN." Next, we performed epigenome-wide association analyses (EWAS) of the two-factor scores. Finally, using structural equation modeling (SEM), we evaluated (a) the influence of PTSD, age, APOE ε4 genotype and other covariates on levels of the ATN factors, and (b) tested the mediating influence of the EWAS-significant DNAm loci on these associations. RESULTS The Factor A EWAS identified one significant locus, cg13053408, in FANCD2OS. The Factor TN analysis identified 3 EWAS-significant associations: cg26033520 near ASCC1, cg23156469 in FAM20B, and cg15356923 in FAM19A4. The SEM showed age to be related to both factors, more so with Factor TN (β = 0.581, p < 0.001) than Factor A (β = 0.330, p < 0.001). Genotype-determined African ancestry was associated with lower Factor A (β = 0.196, p < 0.001). Contrary to our primary hypothesis, we found a modest negative bivariate correlation between PTSD and the TN factor scores (r = - 0.133, p < 0.001) attributable primarily to reduced levels of GFAP (r = - 0.128, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study identified novel epigenetic associations with ATN biomarkers and demonstrated robust age and ancestral associations that will be essential to consider in future efforts to develop the clinical applications of these tests. The association between PTSD and reduced GFAP, which has been reported previously, warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Miller
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System (116B-2), 150 S. Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02130, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Erika J Wolf
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System (116B-2), 150 S. Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Xiang Zhao
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System (116B-2), 150 S. Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Mark W Logue
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System (116B-2), 150 S. Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Biomedical Genetics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Sage E Hawn
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System (116B-2), 150 S. Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
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3
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Alshamrani M. Recent Trends in Active and Passive Immunotherapies of Alzheimer's Disease. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:41. [PMID: 37366656 DOI: 10.3390/antib12020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the elderly, a debilitating condition known as dementia, which is a major health concern, is caused by Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite promising advances by researchers, there is currently no way to completely cure this devastating disease. It is illustrated by the deposition of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) plaques that are followed by neural dysfunction and cognitive decline. Responses against AD activate an immune system that contributes to and accelerates AD pathogenesis. Potential efforts in the field of pathogenesis have prompted researchers to explore novel therapies such as active and passive vaccines against Aβ proteins (Aβ immunotherapy), intravenous immunoglobulin, and tau immunotherapy, as well as targets that include microglia and several cytokines for the treatment of AD. Aims are now underway by experts to begin immunotherapies before the clinical manifestation, which is made possible by improving the sensitivity of biomarkers used for the diagnosis of AD to have better outcome measures. This review provides an overview of approved immunotherapeutic strategies for AD and those currently being investigated in clinical trials. We examine their mechanisms of action and discuss the potential perspectives and challenges associated with immunotherapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meshal Alshamrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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Roy D, Kundu S, Mukherjee S. Development of Computational Correlations among Known Drug Scaffolds and their Target-Specific Non-Coding RNA Scaffolds of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 20:539-556. [PMID: 37870052 DOI: 10.2174/0115672050261526231013095933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disorder. Recent development in sciences has also identified the pivotal role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in AD pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES We proposed a novel method to identify AD pathway-specific statistically significant miRNAs from the targets of known AD drugs. Moreover, microRNA scaffolds and corresponding drug scaffolds of different pathways were also discovered. MATERIAL AND METHODS A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to identify pathway-specific significant miRNAs. We generated feed-forward loop regulations of microRNA-TF-gene-based networks, studied the minimum free energy structures of pre-microRNA sequences, and clustered those microRNAs with their corresponding structural motifs of robust transcription factors. Conservation analyses of significant microRNAs were done, and the phylogenetic trees were constructed. We identified 3'UTR binding sites and chromosome locations of these significant microRNAs. RESULTS In this study, hsa-miR-4261, hsa-miR-153-5p, hsa-miR-6766, and hsa-miR-4319 were identified as key miRNAs for the ACHE pathway and hsa-miR-326, hsa-miR-6133, hsa-miR-4251, hsa-miR-3148, hsa-miR-10527-5p, hsa-miR-527, and hsa-miR-518a were identified as regulatory miRNAs for the NMDA pathway. These miRNAs were regulated by several AD-specific TFs, namely RAD21, FOXA1, and ESR1. It has been observed that anisole and adamantane are important chemical scaffolds to regulate these significant miRNAs. CONCLUSION This is the first study that developed a detailed correlation between known AD drug scaffolds and their AD target-specific miRNA scaffolds. This study identified chromosomal locations of microRNAs and corresponding structural scaffolds of transcription factors that may be responsible for miRNA co-regulation for Alzheimer's disease. Our study provides hope for therapeutic improvements in the existing microRNAs by regulating pathways and targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debjani Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus. EN-80, Sector V, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata- 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Shymodip Kundu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Nadia, Haringhata, 741249, India
| | - Swayambhik Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College, 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016, West Bengal, India
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Nabirotchkin S, Bouaziz J, Glibert F, Mandel J, Foucquier J, Hajj R, Callizot N, Cholet N, Guedj M, Cohen D. Combinational Drug Repurposing from Genetic Networks Applied to Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:1585-1603. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Human diseases are multi-factorial biological phenomena resulting from perturbations of numerous functional networks. The complex nature of human diseases explains frequently observed marginal or transitory efficacy of mono-therapeutic interventions. For this reason, combination therapy is being increasingly evaluated as a biologically plausible strategy for reversing disease state, fostering the development of dedicated methodological and experimental approaches. In parallel, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide a prominent opportunity for disclosing human-specific therapeutic targets and rational drug repurposing. Objective: In this context, our objective was to elaborate an integrated computational platform to accelerate discovery and experimental validation of synergistic combinations of repurposed drugs for treatment of common human diseases. Methods: The proposed approach combines adapted statistical analysis of GWAS data, pathway-based functional annotation of genetic findings using gene set enrichment technique, computational reconstruction of signaling networks enriched in disease-associated genes, selection of candidate repurposed drugs and proof-of-concept combinational experimental screening. Results: It enables robust identification of signaling pathways enriched in disease susceptibility loci. Therapeutic targeting of the disease-associated signaling networks provides a reliable way for rational drug repurposing and rapid development of synergistic drug combinations for common human diseases. Conclusion: Here we demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of the proposed approach with an experiment application to Alzheimer’s disease.
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6
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Ruffini N, Klingenberg S, Heese R, Schweiger S, Gerber S. The Big Picture of Neurodegeneration: A Meta Study to Extract the Essential Evidence on Neurodegenerative Diseases in a Network-Based Approach. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:866886. [PMID: 35832065 PMCID: PMC9271745 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.866886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The common features of all neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease, are the accumulation of aggregated and misfolded proteins and the progressive loss of neurons, leading to cognitive decline and locomotive dysfunction. Still, they differ in their ultimate manifestation, the affected brain region, and the kind of proteinopathy. In the last decades, a vast number of processes have been described as associated with neurodegenerative diseases, making it increasingly harder to keep an overview of the big picture forming from all those data. In this meta-study, we analyzed genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and epigenomic data of the aforementioned diseases using the data of 234 studies in a network-based approach to study significant general coherences but also specific processes in individual diseases or omics levels. In the analysis part, we focus on only some of the emerging findings, but trust that the meta-study provided here will be a valuable resource for various other researchers focusing on specific processes or genes contributing to the development of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Ruffini
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Leibniz Association, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Klingenberg
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Raoul Heese
- Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics (ITWM), Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Susann Schweiger
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Gerber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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7
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De-Paula VJ, Forlenza OV. Lithium modulates multiple tau kinases with distinct effects in cortical and hippocampal neurons according to concentration ranges. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 395:105-113. [PMID: 34751792 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The hyperphosphorylation of tau is a central mechanism in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Lithium is a potent inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3β), the most important tau kinase in neurons, and may also affect tau phosphorylation by modifying the expression and/or activity of other kinases, such as protein kinase A (PKA), Akt (PKB), and calcium calmodulin kinase-II (CaMKII). The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of chronic lithium treatment on the protein expression of tau and its major kinases in cortical and hippocampal neurons, at distinct working concentrations. Primary cultures of cortical and hippocampal neurons were treated with sub-therapeutic (0.02 mM and 0.2 mM) and therapeutic (2 mM) concentrations of lithium for 7 days. Protein expression of tau and tau-kinases was determined by immunoblotting. An indirect estimate of GSK3β activity was determined by the GSK3β ratio (rGSKβ). Statistically significant increments in the protein expression of tau and CaMKII were observed both in cortical and hippocampal neurons treated with subtherapeutic doses of lithium. GSK3β activity was increased in cortical, but decreased in hippocampal neurons. Distinct patterns of changes in the expression of the remaining tau tau-kinases were observed: in cortical neurons, lithium treatment was associated with consistent decrements in Akt and PKA, whereas hippocampal neurons displayed increased protein expression of Akt and decreased PKA. Our results suggest that chronic lithium treatment may yield distinct biological effects depending on the concentration range, with regional specificity. We further suggest that hippocampal neurons may be more sensitive to the effect of lithium, presenting with changes in the expression of tau-related proteins at subtherapeutic doses, which may not be mirrored by the effects observed in cortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- V J De-Paula
- Laboratório de Neurociências (LIM-27), Departamento E Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Psicobiologia (LIM-23), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos 785, São Paulo, SP, 05403-903, Brazil.
| | - O V Forlenza
- Laboratório de Neurociências (LIM-27), Departamento E Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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8
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Czapski GA, Strosznajder JB. Glutamate and GABA in Microglia-Neuron Cross-Talk in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111677. [PMID: 34769106 PMCID: PMC8584169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological balance between excitation and inhibition in the brain is significantly affected in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Several neuroactive compounds and their signaling pathways through various types of receptors are crucial in brain homeostasis, among them glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Activation of microglial receptors regulates the immunological response of these cells, which in AD could be neuroprotective or neurotoxic. The novel research approaches revealed the complexity of microglial function, including the interplay with other cells during neuroinflammation and in the AD brain. The purpose of this review is to describe the role of several proteins and multiple receptors on microglia and neurons, and their involvement in a communication network between cells that could lead to different metabolic loops and cell death/survival. Our review is focused on the role of glutamatergic, GABAergic signaling in microglia–neuronal cross-talk in AD and neuroinflammation. Moreover, the significance of AD-related neurotoxic proteins in glutamate/GABA-mediated dialogue between microglia and neurons was analyzed in search of novel targets in neuroprotection, and advanced pharmacological approaches.
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9
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Saverimuttu SCC, Kramarz B, Rodríguez-López M, Garmiri P, Attrill H, Thurlow KE, Makris M, de Miranda Pinheiro S, Orchard S, Lovering RC. Gene Ontology curation of the blood-brain barrier to improve the analysis of Alzheimer's and other neurological diseases. Database (Oxford) 2021; 2021:baab067. [PMID: 34697638 PMCID: PMC8546235 DOI: 10.1093/database/baab067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases is still the subject of many studies. However, those studies using high-throughput methods have been compromised by the lack of Gene Ontology (GO) annotations describing the role of proteins in the normal function of the BBB. The GO Consortium provides a gold-standard bioinformatics resource used for analysis and interpretation of large biomedical data sets. However, the GO is also used by other research communities and, therefore, must meet a variety of demands on the breadth and depth of information that is provided. To meet the needs of the Alzheimer's research community we have focused on the GO annotation of the BBB, with over 100 transport or junctional proteins prioritized for annotation. This project has led to a substantial increase in the number of human proteins associated with BBB-relevant GO terms as well as more comprehensive annotation of these proteins in many other processes. Furthermore, data describing the microRNAs that regulate the expression of these priority proteins have also been curated. Thus, this project has increased both the breadth and depth of annotation for these prioritized BBB proteins. Database URLhttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin C C Saverimuttu
- Functional Gene Annotation, Pre-clinical and Fundamental Science, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London (UCL), Rayne Building, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Genome Campus, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1ST, UK
| | - Barbara Kramarz
- Functional Gene Annotation, Pre-clinical and Fundamental Science, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London (UCL), Rayne Building, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Milagros Rodríguez-López
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Genome Campus, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1ST, UK
| | - Penelope Garmiri
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Genome Campus, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1ST, UK
| | - Helen Attrill
- FlyBase, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Katherine E Thurlow
- Functional Gene Annotation, Pre-clinical and Fundamental Science, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London (UCL), Rayne Building, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Marios Makris
- Functional Gene Annotation, Pre-clinical and Fundamental Science, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London (UCL), Rayne Building, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Sandra de Miranda Pinheiro
- Functional Gene Annotation, Pre-clinical and Fundamental Science, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London (UCL), Rayne Building, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Sandra Orchard
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Genome Campus, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1ST, UK
| | - Ruth C Lovering
- Functional Gene Annotation, Pre-clinical and Fundamental Science, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London (UCL), Rayne Building, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
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10
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Vogrinc D, Goričar K, Dolžan V. Genetic Variability in Molecular Pathways Implicated in Alzheimer's Disease: A Comprehensive Review. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:646901. [PMID: 33815092 PMCID: PMC8012500 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.646901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease, affecting a significant part of the population. The majority of AD cases occur in the elderly with a typical age of onset of the disease above 65 years. AD presents a major burden for the healthcare system and since population is rapidly aging, the burden of the disease will increase in the future. However, no effective drug treatment for a full-blown disease has been developed to date. The genetic background of AD is extensively studied; numerous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified significant genes associated with increased risk of AD development. This review summarizes more than 100 risk loci. Many of them may serve as biomarkers of AD progression, even in the preclinical stage of the disease. Furthermore, we used GWAS data to identify key pathways of AD pathogenesis: cellular processes, metabolic processes, biological regulation, localization, transport, regulation of cellular processes, and neurological system processes. Gene clustering into molecular pathways can provide background for identification of novel molecular targets and may support the development of tailored and personalized treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vita Dolžan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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11
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Macedo A, Gómez C, Rebelo MÂ, Poza J, Gomes I, Martins S, Maturana-Candelas A, Pablo VGD, Durães L, Sousa P, Figueruelo M, Rodríguez M, Pita C, Arenas M, Álvarez L, Hornero R, Lopes AM, Pinto N. Risk Variants in Three Alzheimer's Disease Genes Show Association with EEG Endophenotypes. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:209-223. [PMID: 33522999 PMCID: PMC8075394 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder, which much of heritability remains unexplained. At the clinical level, one of the most common physiological alterations is the slowing of oscillatory brain activity, measurable by electroencephalography (EEG). Relative power (RP) at the conventional frequency bands (i.e., delta, theta, alpha, beta-1, and beta-2) can be considered as AD endophenotypes. Objective: The aim of this work is to analyze the association between sixteen genes previously related with AD: APOE, PICALM, CLU, BCHE, CETP, CR1, SLC6A3, GRIN2
β, SORL1, TOMM40, GSK3
β, UNC5C, OPRD1, NAV2, HOMER2, and IL1RAP, and the slowing of the brain activity, assessed by means of RP at the aforementioned frequency bands. Methods: An Iberian cohort of 45 elderly controls, 45 individuals with mild cognitive impairment, and 109 AD patients in the three stages of the disease was considered. Genomic information and brain activity of each subject were analyzed. Results: The slowing of brain activity was observed in carriers of risk alleles in IL1RAP (rs10212109, rs9823517, rs4687150), UNC5C (rs17024131), and NAV2 (rs1425227, rs862785) genes, regardless of the disease status and situation towards the strongest risk factors: age, sex, and APOE ɛ4 presence. Conclusion: Endophenotypes reduce the complexity of the general phenotype and genetic variants with a major effect on those specific traits may be then identified. The found associations in this work are novel and may contribute to the comprehension of AD pathogenesis, each with a different biological role, and influencing multiple factors involved in brain physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Macedo
- IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,JTA: The Data Scientists, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Gómez
- Grupo de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Miguel Ângelo Rebelo
- IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jesús Poza
- Grupo de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain.,Instituto de Investigación en Matemáticas (IMUVA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Iva Gomes
- IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Martins
- IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - Luis Durães
- Associação Portuguesa de Familiares e Amigos de Doentes de Alzheimer, Lavra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Sousa
- Associação Portuguesa de Familiares e Amigos de Doentes de Alzheimer, Lavra, Portugal
| | - Manuel Figueruelo
- Asociación de Familiares y Amigos de Enfermos de Alzheimer y otras demencias de Zamora, Zamora, Spain
| | - María Rodríguez
- Asociación de Familiares y Amigos de Enfermos de Alzheimer y otras demencias de Zamora, Zamora, Spain
| | - Carmen Pita
- Asociación de Familiares y Amigos de Enfermos de Alzheimer y otras demencias de Zamora, Zamora, Spain
| | - Miguel Arenas
- IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CINBIO (Biomedical Research Center), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Luis Álvarez
- IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Adeneas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Roberto Hornero
- Grupo de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain.,Instituto de Investigación en Matemáticas (IMUVA), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alexandra M Lopes
- IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nádia Pinto
- IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Centro de Matemática da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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12
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Ruffini N, Klingenberg S, Schweiger S, Gerber S. Common Factors in Neurodegeneration: A Meta-Study Revealing Shared Patterns on a Multi-Omics Scale. Cells 2020; 9:E2642. [PMID: 33302607 PMCID: PMC7764447 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are heterogeneous, progressive diseases with frequently overlapping symptoms characterized by a loss of neurons. Studies have suggested relations between neurodegenerative diseases for many years (e.g., regarding the aggregation of toxic proteins or triggering endogenous cell death pathways). We gathered publicly available genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data from 177 studies and more than one million patients to detect shared genetic patterns between the neurodegenerative diseases on three analyzed omics-layers. The results show a remarkably high number of shared differentially expressed genes between the transcriptomic and proteomic levels for all conditions, while showing a significant relation between genomic and proteomic data between AD and PD and AD and ALS. We identified a set of 139 genes being differentially expressed in several transcriptomic experiments of all four diseases. These 139 genes showed overrepresented gene ontology (GO) Terms involved in the development of neurodegeneration, such as response to heat and hypoxia, positive regulation of cytokines and angiogenesis, and RNA catabolic process. Furthermore, the four analyzed neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) were clustered by their mean direction of regulation throughout all transcriptomic studies for this set of 139 genes, with the closest relation regarding this common gene set seen between AD and HD. GO-Term and pathway analysis of the proteomic overlap led to biological processes (BPs), related to protein folding and humoral immune response. Taken together, we could confirm the existence of many relations between Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis on transcriptomic and proteomic levels by analyzing the pathways and GO-Terms arising in these intersections. The significance of the connection and the striking relation of the results to processes leading to neurodegeneration between the transcriptomic and proteomic data for all four analyzed neurodegenerative diseases showed that exploring many studies simultaneously, including multiple omics-layers of different neurodegenerative diseases simultaneously, holds new relevant insights that do not emerge from analyzing these data separately. Furthermore, the results shed light on processes like the humoral immune response that have previously been described only for certain diseases. Our data therefore suggest human patients with neurodegenerative diseases should be addressed as complex biological systems by integrating multiple underlying data sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Ruffini
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.R.); (S.K.); (S.S.)
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Leibniz Association, Wallstraße 7, 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Klingenberg
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.R.); (S.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Susann Schweiger
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.R.); (S.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Susanne Gerber
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.R.); (S.K.); (S.S.)
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13
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Rocha NKR, Themoteo R, Brentani H, Forlenza OV, De Paula VDJR. Neuronal-Glial Interaction in a Triple-Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease: Gene Ontology and Lithium Pathways. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:579984. [PMID: 33335468 PMCID: PMC7737403 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.579984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal-glial interactions are critical for brain homeostasis, and disruption of this process may lead to excessive glial activation and inadequate pro-inflammatory responses. Abnormalities in neuronal-glial interactions have been reported in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), where lithium has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects, including the up-regulation of cytoprotective proteins. In the present study, we characterize by Gene Ontology (GO) the signaling pathways related to neuronal-glial interactions in response to lithium in a triple-transgenic mouse model of AD (3×-TgAD). Mice were treated for 8 months with lithium carbonate (Li) supplemented to chow, using two dose ranges to yield subtherapeutic working concentrations (Li1, 1.0 g/kg; and Li2, 2.0 g/kg of chow), or with standard chow (Li0). The hippocampi were removed and analyzed by proteomics. A neuronal-glial interaction network was created by a systematic literature search, and the selected genes were submitted to STRING, a functional network to analyze protein interactions. Proteomics data and neuronal-glial interactomes were compared by GO using ClueGo (Cytoscape plugin) with p ≤ 0.05. The proportional effects of neuron-glia interactions were determined on three GO domains: (i) biological process; (ii) cellular component; and (iii) molecular function. The gene ontology of this enriched network of genes was further stratified according to lithium treatments, with statistically significant effects observed in the Li2 group (as compared to controls) for the GO domains biological process and cellular component. In the former, there was an even distribution of the interactions occurring at the following functions: “positive regulation of protein localization to membrane,” “regulation of protein localization to cell periphery,” “oligodendrocyte differentiation,” and “regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane.” In cellular component, interactions were also balanced for “myelin sheath” and “rough endoplasmic reticulum.” We conclude that neuronal-glial interactions are implicated in the neuroprotective response mediated by lithium in the hippocampus of AD-transgenic mice. The effect of lithium on homeostatic pathways mediated by the interaction between neurons and glial cells are implicated in membrane permeability, protein synthesis and DNA repair, which may be relevant for the survival of nerve cells amidst AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kemberly R Rocha
- Laboratório de Psicobiologia (LIM23), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Themoteo
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias (LIM27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena Brentani
- Laboratório de Psicobiologia (LIM23), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Orestes V Forlenza
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias (LIM27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa De Jesus Rodrigues De Paula
- Laboratório de Psicobiologia (LIM23), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratorio de Neurociencias (LIM27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Birle C, Slavoaca D, Balea M, Livint Popa L, Muresanu I, Stefanescu E, Vacaras V, Dina C, Strilciuc S, Popescu BO, Muresanu DF. Cognitive function: holarchy or holacracy? Neurol Sci 2020; 42:89-99. [PMID: 33070201 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04737-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cognition is the most complex function of the brain. When exploring the inner workings of cognitive processes, it is crucial to understand the complexity of the brain's dynamics. This paper aims to describe the integrated framework of the cognitive function, seen as the result of organization and interactions between several systems and subsystems. We briefly describe several organizational concepts, spanning from the reductionist hierarchical approach, up to the more dynamic theory of open complex systems. The homeostatic regulation of the mechanisms responsible for cognitive processes is showcased as a dynamic interplay between several anticorrelated mechanisms, which can be found at every level of the brain's organization, from molecular and cellular level to large-scale networks (e.g., excitation-inhibition, long-term plasticity-long-term depression, synchronization-desynchronization, segregation-integration, order-chaos). We support the hypothesis that cognitive function is the consequence of multiple network interactions, integrating intricate relationships between several systems, in addition to neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Codruta Birle
- Department of Neurosciences, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 37 Mircea Eliade Street, 400486, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,"RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Slavoaca
- Department of Neurosciences, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 37 Mircea Eliade Street, 400486, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. .,"RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Maria Balea
- Department of Neurosciences, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 37 Mircea Eliade Street, 400486, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,"RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Livia Livint Popa
- Department of Neurosciences, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 37 Mircea Eliade Street, 400486, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,"RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Muresanu
- Department of Neurosciences, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 37 Mircea Eliade Street, 400486, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,"RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Emanuel Stefanescu
- "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vitalie Vacaras
- Department of Neurosciences, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 37 Mircea Eliade Street, 400486, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,"RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Constantin Dina
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Stefan Strilciuc
- Department of Neurosciences, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 37 Mircea Eliade Street, 400486, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,"RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdan Ovidiu Popescu
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, "Ovidius" University, Constanta, Romania
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Neurosciences, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 37 Mircea Eliade Street, 400486, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,"RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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15
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Blue EE, Cheng A, Chen S, Yu CE. Association of Uncommon, Noncoding Variants in the APOE Region With Risk of Alzheimer Disease in Adults of European Ancestry. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e2017666. [PMID: 33090224 PMCID: PMC7582128 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The ε2 and ε4 alleles of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene are associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) risk. Although nearby genetic variants have also been shown to be associated with AD, including rs2075650 in the TOMM40 gene and rs4420638 near the APOC1 gene, it is unknown whether these associations are independent of the ε2 and ε4 alleles. OBJECTIVE To assess whether variants near APOE are associated with AD independently of the ε2/ε3/ε4 genotype. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this genetic association study of the Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium imputed genotype at data, 14 415 variants near APOE (±500 kilobase) for 18 795 individuals with European ancestry were tested for association with AD using 4 logistic mixed models adjusting for sex, cohort, population structure, and relatedness. Model 1 had no APOE adjustment, and model 2 adjusted for the count of ε2 and ε4 alleles. Model 3 was restricted to ε3 homozygotes, and model 4 was restricted to ε4 homozygotes. Data were downloaded from May 31, 2018, to June 3, 2018, and analyzed from November 1, 2018, to June 24, 2020. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Alzheimer disease affectation status was defined by clinicians using standard National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria. Association was evaluated using Score tests; results with P < .05 divided by the number of independent tests per model were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Among the 18 795 individuals in the study, 9704 were affected by AD and 9066 were control individuals; the median age at onset/evaluation was 76 (interquartile range, 70-82) years; and 11 167 were female (59.4%). Associations with AD were found for rs2075650 (odds ratio [OR], 2.59; 95% CI, 2.45-2.75; P = 3.19 × 10-228) and rs4420638 (OR, 2.77; 95% CI, 2.62-2.94; P = 2.99 × 10-254) without APOE adjustment. Although rs2075650 was nominally associated with AD among the ε4 homozygotes (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.00-1.77; P = .047), the association between rs4420638 and AD was eliminated by APOE adjustment (model 2 OR, 1.06 [95% CI, 0.96-1.18; P = .24]; model 3 OR, 1.13 [95% CI, 0.95-1.34; P = .18]; model 4 OR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.56-1.45; P = .66]). There was a significant association between rs192879175 and AD among ε3 homozygotes (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.37-0.68; P = 8.30 × 10-6). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this genetic association study suggest that ε2/ε3/ε4 alleles are not the only variants in the APOE region that are associated with AD risk. Additional work with independent data is needed to replicate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E. Blue
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Anqi Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Sunny Chen
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | - Chang-En Yu
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
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16
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Prasad H, Rao R. Endosomal Acid-Base Homeostasis in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 185:195-231. [PMID: 32737755 PMCID: PMC7614123 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are debilitating and largely untreatable conditions that pose a significant burden to affected individuals and caregivers. Overwhelming evidence supports a crucial preclinical role for endosomal dysfunction as an upstream pathogenic hub and driver in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related neurodegenerative disorders. We present recent advances on the role of endosomal acid-base homeostasis in neurodegeneration and discuss evidence for converging mechanisms. The strongest genetic risk factor in sporadic AD is the ε4 allele of Apolipoprotein E (ApoE4), which potentiates pre-symptomatic endosomal dysfunction and prominent amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology, although how these pathways are linked mechanistically has remained unclear. There is emerging evidence that the Christianson syndrome protein NHE6 is a prominent ApoE4 effector linking endosomal function to Aβ pathologies. By functioning as a dominant leak pathway for protons, the Na+/H+ exchanger activity of NHE6 limits endosomal acidification and regulates β-secretase (BACE)-mediated Aβ production and LRP1 receptor-mediated Aβ clearance. Pathological endosomal acidification may impact both Aβ generation and clearance mechanisms and emerges as a promising therapeutic target in AD. We also offer our perspective on the complex role of endosomal acid-base homeostasis in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration and its therapeutic implications for neuronal rescue and repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Prasad
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India, Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rajini Rao
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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17
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Squillario M, Abate G, Tomasi F, Tozzo V, Barla A, Uberti D. A telescope GWAS analysis strategy, based on SNPs-genes-pathways ensamble and on multivariate algorithms, to characterize late onset Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12063. [PMID: 32694537 PMCID: PMC7374579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67699-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome–wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed a plethora of putative susceptibility genes for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with the sole exception of APOE gene unequivocally validated in independent study. Considering that the etiology of complex diseases like AD could depend on functional multiple genes interaction network, here we proposed an alternative GWAS analysis strategy based on (i) multivariate methods and on a (ii) telescope approach, in order to guarantee the identification of correlated variables, and reveal their connections at three biological connected levels. Specifically as multivariate methods, we employed two machine learning algorithms and a genetic association test and we considered SNPs, Genes and Pathways features in the analysis of two public GWAS dataset (ADNI-1 and ADNI-2). For each dataset and for each feature we addressed two binary classifications tasks: cases vs. controls and the low vs. high risk of developing AD considering the allelic status of APOEe4. This complex strategy allowed the identification of SNPs, genes and pathways lists statistically robust and meaningful from the biological viewpoint. Among the results, we confirm the involvement of TOMM40 gene in AD and we propose GRM7 as a novel gene significantly associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Abate
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Daniela Uberti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
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18
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Patak J, Faraone SV, Zhang-James Y. Sodium hydrogen exchanger 9 NHE9 (SLC9A9) and its emerging roles in neuropsychiatric comorbidity. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2020; 183:289-305. [PMID: 32400953 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Variations in SLC9A9 gene expression and protein function are associated with multiple human diseases, which range from Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to glioblastoma multiforme. In an effort to determine the full spectrum of human disease associations with SLC9A9, we performed a systematic review of the literature. We also review SLC9A9's biochemistry, protein structure, and function, as well as its interacting partners with the goal of identifying mechanisms of disease and druggable targets. We report gaps in the literature regarding the genes function along with consistent trends in disease associations that can be used to further research into treating the respective diseases. We report that SLC9A9 has strong associations with neuropsychiatric diseases and various cancers. Interestingly, we find strong overlap in SLC9A9 disease associations and propose a novel role for SLC9A9 in neuropsychiatric comorbidity. In conclusion, SLC9A9 is a multifunctional protein that, through both its endosome regulatory function and its protein-protein interaction network, has the ability to modulate signaling axes, such as the PI3K pathway, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameson Patak
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,College of Medicine, MD Program, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Yanli Zhang-James
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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19
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Giner-Delgado C, Villatoro S, Lerga-Jaso J, Gayà-Vidal M, Oliva M, Castellano D, Pantano L, Bitarello BD, Izquierdo D, Noguera I, Olalde I, Delprat A, Blancher A, Lalueza-Fox C, Esko T, O'Reilly PF, Andrés AM, Ferretti L, Puig M, Cáceres M. Evolutionary and functional impact of common polymorphic inversions in the human genome. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4222. [PMID: 31530810 PMCID: PMC6748972 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inversions are one type of structural variants linked to phenotypic differences and adaptation in multiple organisms. However, there is still very little information about polymorphic inversions in the human genome due to the difficulty of their detection. Here, we develop a new high-throughput genotyping method based on probe hybridization and amplification, and we perform a complete study of 45 common human inversions of 0.1–415 kb. Most inversions promoted by homologous recombination occur recurrently in humans and great apes and they are not tagged by SNPs. Furthermore, there is an enrichment of inversions showing signatures of positive or balancing selection, diverse functional effects, such as gene disruption and gene-expression changes, or association with phenotypic traits. Therefore, our results indicate that the genome is more dynamic than previously thought and that human inversions have important functional and evolutionary consequences, making possible to determine for the first time their contribution to complex traits. Inversions are a little-studied type of genomic variation that could contribute to phenotypic traits. Here the authors characterize 45 common polymorphic inversions in human populations and investigate their evolutionary and functional impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Giner-Delgado
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Sergi Villatoro
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Jon Lerga-Jaso
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Magdalena Gayà-Vidal
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain.,CIBIO/InBIO Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Distrito do Porto, 4485-661, Portugal
| | - Meritxell Oliva
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - David Castellano
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Lorena Pantano
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Bárbara D Bitarello
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Saxony, 04103, Germany
| | - David Izquierdo
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Isaac Noguera
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Iñigo Olalde
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Alejandra Delprat
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Antoine Blancher
- Laboratoire d'immunologie, CHU de Toulouse, IFB Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, 31059, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, 31024, France
| | - Carles Lalueza-Fox
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Paul F O'Reilly
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Aida M Andrés
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Saxony, 04103, Germany.,UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Luca Ferretti
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Marta Puig
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Mario Cáceres
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain. .,ICREA, Barcelona, 08010, Spain.
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20
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Abstract
After more than 10 years of accumulated efforts, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have led to many findings, most of which have been deposited into the GWAS Catalog. Between GWAS's inception and March 2017, the GWAS Catalog has collected 2429 studies, 1818 phenotypes, and 28,462 associated SNPs. We reclassified the psychology-related phenotypes into 217 reclassified phenotypes, which accounted for 514 studies and 7052 SNPs. In total, 1223 of the SNPs reached genome-wide significance. Of these, 147 were replicated for the same psychological trait in different studies. Another 305 SNPs were replicated within one original study. The SNPs rs2075650 and rs4420638 were linked to the most replications within a single reclassified phenotype or very similar reclassified phenotypes; both were associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Schizophrenia was associated with 74 within-phenotype SNPs reported in independents studies. Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia were both linked to some physical phenotypes, including cholesterol and body mass index, through common GWAS signals. Alzheimer's disease also shared risk SNPs with age-related phenotypes such as age-related macular degeneration and longevity. Smoking-related SNPs were linked to lung cancer and respiratory function. Alcohol-related SNPs were associated with cardiovascular and digestive system phenotypes and disorders. Two separate studies also identified a shared risk SNP for bipolar disorder and educational attainment. This review revealed a list of reproducible SNPs worthy of future functional investigation. Additionally, by identifying SNPs associated with multiple phenotypes, we illustrated the importance of studying the relationships among phenotypes to resolve the nature of their causal links. The insights within this review will hopefully pave the way for future evidence-based genetic studies.
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Vilor-Tejedor N, Alemany S, Cáceres A, Bustamante M, Pujol J, Sunyer J, González JR. Strategies for integrated analysis in imaging genetics studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 93:57-70. [PMID: 29944960 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Imaging Genetics (IG) integrates neuroimaging and genomic data from the same individual, deepening our knowledge of the biological mechanisms behind neurodevelopmental domains and neurological disorders. Although the literature on IG has exponentially grown over the past years, the majority of studies have mainly analyzed associations between candidate brain regions and individual genetic variants. However, this strategy is not designed to deal with the complexity of neurobiological mechanisms underlying behavioral and neurodevelopmental domains. Moreover, larger sample sizes and increased multidimensionality of this type of data represents a challenge for standardizing modeling procedures in IG research. This review provides a systematic update of the methods and strategies currently used in IG studies, and serves as an analytical framework for researchers working in this field. To complement the functionalities of the Neuroconductor framework, we also describe existing R packages that implement these methodologies. In addition, we present an overview of how these methodological approaches are applied in integrating neuroimaging and genetic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natàlia Vilor-Tejedor
- Barcelona Research Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Beta Brain Research Center (BBRC) - Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Silvia Alemany
- Barcelona Research Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cáceres
- Barcelona Research Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- Barcelona Research Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Pujol
- MRI Research Unit, Hospital del Mar, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM G21, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Barcelona Research Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan R González
- Barcelona Research Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
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Amber S, Zahid S. Data integration for functional annotation of regulatory single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with Alzheimer's disease susceptibility. Gene 2018; 672:115-125. [PMID: 29883757 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia affects 24.3 million people worldwide. More than twenty genetic loci have been associated with AD and a significant number of genetic variants were mapped within these loci. A large proportion of genome wide significant variants lie outside the coding region. However, the plausible function of these variants is still unexplored. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to unravel the regulatory role of proxy single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), to determine their risk of developing AD. METHODS The RegulomeDB was employed to predict the regulatory role of proxy SNPs. Protein association network and functional enrichment analysis was performed using String10.5 and gene ontology, respectively. RESULTS A total of 451 SNPs were examined through SNAP web portal (r2 ≤ 0.80) which returned 2186 proxy SNPs in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with genome wide significant SNPs for AD. Out of 2186 SNPs analyzed in RegulomeDB, 151 had the scores < 3 that indicates the high degree of their potential regulatory function. Further analysis revealed that out of these 151 SNPs, 37 were genome wide significant for AD, 17 were significantly associated with diseases other than AD, 89 were proxy SNPs (not genome wide significant) for various diseases including AD while 8 SNPs were novel proxy SNPs for AD. CONCLUSION These findings support the notion that the non-coding variants can be strongly associated with disease risk. Further validation through genome wide association studies will be helpful for the elucidation of their regulatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanila Amber
- Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saadia Zahid
- Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Vagaitseva KV, Bocharova AV, Marusin AV, Kolesnikova EA, Makeeva OA, Stepanov VA. Development of Multiplex Genotyping Method of Polymorphic Markers of Genes Associated with Cognitive Abilities. RUSS J GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795418060121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Verheijen J, Sleegers K. Understanding Alzheimer Disease at the Interface between Genetics and Transcriptomics. Trends Genet 2018; 34:434-447. [PMID: 29573818 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Over 25 genes are known to affect the risk of developing Alzheimer disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative dementia. However, mechanistic insights and improved disease management remains limited, due to difficulties in determining the functional consequences of genetic associations. Transcriptomics is increasingly being used to corroborate or enhance interpretation of genetic discoveries. These approaches, which include second and third generation sequencing, single-cell sequencing, and bioinformatics, reveal allele-specific events connecting AD risk genes to expression profiles, and provide converging evidence of pathophysiological pathways underlying AD. Simultaneously, they highlight brain region- and cell-type-specific expression patterns, and alternative splicing events that affect the straightforward relation between a genetic variant and AD, re-emphasizing the need for an integrated approach of genetics and transcriptomics in understanding AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Verheijen
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, B-2610, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, B-2610, Belgium
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, B-2610, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, B-2610, Belgium.
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25
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Rao S, Ghani M, Guo Z, Deming Y, Wang K, Sims R, Mao C, Yao Y, Cruchaga C, Stephan DA, Rogaeva E. An APOE-independent cis-eSNP on chromosome 19q13.32 influences tau levels and late-onset Alzheimer's disease risk. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 66:178.e1-178.e8. [PMID: 29395286 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Although multiple susceptibility loci for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) have been identified, a large portion of the genetic risk for this disease remains unexplained. LOAD risk may be associated with single-nucleotide polymorphisms responsible for changes in gene expression (eSNPs). To detect eSNPs associated with LOAD, we integrated data from LOAD genome-wide association studies and expression quantitative trait loci using Sherlock (a Bayesian statistical method). We identified a cis-regulatory eSNP (rs2927438) located on chromosome 19q13.32, for which subsequent analyses confirmed the association with both LOAD risk and the expression level of several nearby genes. Importantly, rs2927438 may represent an APOE-independent LOAD eSNP according to the weak linkage disequilibrium of rs2927438 with the 2 polymorphisms (rs7412 and rs429358) defining the APOE-ε2, -ε3, and -ε4 alleles. Furthermore, rs2927438 does not influence chromatin interaction events at the APOE locus or cis-regulation of APOE expression. Further exploratory analysis revealed that rs2927438 is significantly associated with tau levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Our findings suggest that rs2927438 may confer APOE-independent risk for LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuquan Rao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Mahdi Ghani
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhiyun Guo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuetiva Deming
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kesheng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca Sims
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Canquan Mao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dietrich A Stephan
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Guo X, Qiu W, Garcia-Milian R, Lin X, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Tan Y, Wang Z, Shi J, Wang J, Liu D, Song L, Xu Y, Wang X, Liu N, Sun T, Zheng J, Luo J, Zhang H, Xu J, Kang L, Ma C, Wang K, Luo X. Genome-wide significant, replicated and functional risk variants for Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 124:1455-1471. [PMID: 28770390 PMCID: PMC5654670 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1773-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have reported numerous associations between risk variants and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, these associations do not necessarily indicate a causal relationship. If the risk variants can be demonstrated to be biologically functional, the possibility of a causal relationship would be increased. In this article, we reviewed all of the published GWASs to extract the genome-wide significant (p < 5×10-8) and replicated associations between risk variants and AD or AD-biomarkers. The regulatory effects of these risk variants on the expression of a novel class of non-coding RNAs (piRNAs) and protein-coding RNAs (mRNAs), the alteration of proteins caused by these variants, the associations between AD and these variants in our own sample, the expression of piRNAs, mRNAs and proteins in human brains targeted by these variants, the expression correlations between the risk genes and APOE, the pathways and networks that the risk genes belonged to, and the possible long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) that might regulate the risk genes were analyzed, to investigate the potential biological functions of the risk variants and explore the potential mechanisms underlying the SNP-AD associations. We found replicated and significant associations for AD or AD-biomarkers, surprisingly, only at 17 SNPs located in 11 genes/snRNAs/LncRNAs in eight genomic regions. Most of these 17 SNPs enriched some AD-related pathways or networks, and were potentially functional in regulating piRNAs and mRNAs; some SNPs were associated with AD in our sample, and some SNPs altered protein structures. Most of the protein-coding genes regulated by the risk SNPs were expressed in human brain and correlated with APOE expression. We conclude that these variants were most robust risk markers for AD, and their contributions to AD risk was likely to be causal. As expected, APOE and the lipoprotein metabolism pathway possess the highest weight among these contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Guo
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200030, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New
Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Wenying Qiu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of
Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,
School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Rolando Garcia-Milian
- Curriculum & Research Support Department, Cushing/Whitney
Medical Library, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Xiandong Lin
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, the
Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Yuping Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South
University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Biological Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital,
Beijing 100096, China
| | - Zhiren Wang
- Biological Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital,
Beijing 100096, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Biological Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital,
Beijing 100096, China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Dengtang Liu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Lisheng Song
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yifeng Xu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao
Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Na Liu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029,
China
| | - Tao Sun
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai
200040, China
| | - Jianming Zheng
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai
200040, China
| | - Justine Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New
Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Huihao Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou
350001, China
| | - Jianying Xu
- Zhuhai Municipal Maternal and Children’s Health Hospital,
Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
| | - Longli Kang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention
Research on High Altitude Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, Xizang Minzu
University School of Medicine, Xiangyang, Shaanxi 712082, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of
Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,
School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Kesheng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public
Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New
Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Biological Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital,
Beijing 100096, China
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27
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McKeever PM, Kim T, Hesketh AR, MacNair L, Miletic D, Favrin G, Oliver SG, Zhang Z, St George-Hyslop P, Robertson J. Cholinergic neuron gene expression differences captured by translational profiling in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 57:104-119. [PMID: 28628896 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergic neurotransmission is impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons is a key component of disease pathogenicity and symptomatology. To explore the molecular basis of this cholinergic dysfunction, we paired translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) with RNA sequencing (TRAP-Seq) to identify the actively translating mRNAs in anterior forebrain cholinergic neurons in the TgCRND8 mouse model of AD. Bioinformatic analyses revealed the downregulation of 67 of 71 known cholinergic-related transcripts, consistent with cholinergic neuron dysfunction in TgCRND8 mice, as well as transcripts related to oxidative phosphorylation, neurotrophins, and ribosomal processing. Upregulated transcripts included those related to axon guidance, glutamatergic synapses and kinase activity and included AD-risk genes Sorl1 and Ptk2b. In contrast, the total transcriptome of the anterior forebrain showed upregulation in cytokine signaling, microglia, and immune system pathways, including Trem2, Tyrobp, and Inpp5d. Hence, TRAP-Seq clearly distinguished the differential gene expression alterations occurring in cholinergic neurons of TgCRND8 mice compared with wild-type littermates, providing novel candidate pathways to explore for therapeutic development in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M McKeever
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - TaeHyung Kim
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew R Hesketh
- Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura MacNair
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Denise Miletic
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Giorgio Favrin
- Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen G Oliver
- Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zhaolei Zhang
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter St George-Hyslop
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Janice Robertson
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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28
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Wang XF, Lin X, Li DY, Zhou R, Greenbaum J, Chen YC, Zeng CP, Peng LP, Wu KH, Ao ZX, Lu JM, Guo YF, Shen J, Deng HW. Linking Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes: Novel shared susceptibility genes detected by cFDR approach. J Neurol Sci 2017; 380:262-272. [PMID: 28870582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) occur commonly in the aging populations and T2D has been considered as an important risk factor for AD. The heritability of both diseases is estimated to be over 50%. However, common pleiotropic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)/loci have not been well-defined. The aim of this study is to analyze two large public accessible GWAS datasets to identify novel common genetic loci for T2D and/or AD. METHODS AND MATERIALS The recently developed novel conditional false discovery rate (cFDR) approach was used to analyze the summary GWAS datasets from International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP) and Diabetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM) to identify novel susceptibility genes for AD and T2D. RESULTS We identified 78 SNPs (including 58 novel SNPs) that were associated with AD in Europeans conditional on T2D (cFDR<0.05). 66 T2D SNPs (including 40 novel SNPs) were identified by conditioning on SNPs association with AD (cFDR<0.05). A conjunction-cFDR (ccFDR) analysis detected 8 pleiotropic SNPs with a significance threshold of ccFDR<0.05 for both AD and T2D, of which 5 SNPs (rs6982393, rs4734295, rs7812465, rs10510109, rs2421016) were novel findings. Furthermore, among the 8 SNPs annotated at 6 different genes, 3 corresponding genes TP53INP1, TOMM40 and C8orf38 were related to mitochondrial dysfunction, critically involved in oxidative stress, which potentially contribute to the etiology of both AD and T2D. CONCLUSION Our study provided evidence for shared genetic loci between T2D and AD in European subjects by using cFDR and ccFDR analyses. These results may provide novel insight into the etiology and potential therapeutic targets of T2D and/or AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Fang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Xu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Ding-You Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City MO 64108, USA
| | - Rou Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Jonathan Greenbaum
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yuan-Cheng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Chun-Ping Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Lin-Ping Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Ke-Hao Wu
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Zeng-Xin Ao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Jun-Min Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Yan-Fang Guo
- Institute of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, PR China; Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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29
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Qiu W, Guo X, Lin X, Yang Q, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zuo L, Zhu Y, Li CSR, Ma C, Luo X. Transcriptome-wide piRNA profiling in human brains of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 57:170-177. [PMID: 28654860 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Discovered in the brains of multiple animal species, piRNAs may contribute to the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric illnesses. The present study aimed to identify brain piRNAs across transcriptome that are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Prefrontal cortical tissues of 6 AD cases and 6 controls were examined for piRNA expression levels using an Arraystar HG19 piRNA array (containing 23,677 piRNAs) and genotyped for 17 genome-wide significant and replicated risk SNPs. We examined whether piRNAs are expressed differently between AD cases and controls and explored the potential regulatory effects of risk SNPs on piRNA expression levels. We identified a total of 9453 piRNAs in human brains, with 103 nominally (p < 0.05) differentially (>1.5 fold) expressed in AD cases versus controls and most of the 103 piRNAs nominally correlated with genome-wide significant risk SNPs. We conclude that piRNAs are abundant in human brains and may represent risk biomarkers of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Qiu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiandong Lin
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, the Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wanying Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingjun Zuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Biological Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Biological Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Cong W, Meng X, Li J, Zhang Q, Chen F, Liu W, Wang Y, Cheng S, Yao X, Yan J, Kim S, Saykin AJ, Liang H, Shen L. Genome-wide network-based pathway analysis of CSF t-tau/Aβ1-42 ratio in the ADNI cohort. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:421. [PMID: 28558704 PMCID: PMC5450240 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3798-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of total tau (t-tau) and Aβ1-42 are potential early diagnostic markers for probable Alzheimer's disease (AD). The influence of genetic variation on these CSF biomarkers has been investigated in candidate or genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, the investigation of statistically modest associations in GWAS in the context of biological networks is still an under-explored topic in AD studies. The main objective of this study is to gain further biological insights via the integration of statistical gene associations in AD with physical protein interaction networks. RESULTS The CSF and genotyping data of 843 study subjects (199 CN, 85 SMC, 239 EMCI, 207 LMCI, 113 AD) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) were analyzed. PLINK was used to perform GWAS on the t-tau/Aβ1-42 ratio using quality controlled genotype data, including 563,980 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), with age, sex and diagnosis as covariates. Gene-level p-values were obtained by VEGAS2. Genes with p-value ≤ 0.05 were mapped on to a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network (9,617 nodes, 39,240 edges, from the HPRD Database). We integrated a consensus model strategy into the iPINBPA network analysis framework, and named it as CM-iPINBPA. Four consensus modules (CMs) were discovered by CM-iPINBPA, and were functionally annotated using the pathway analysis tool Enrichr. The intersection of four CMs forms a common subnetwork of 29 genes, including those related to tau phosphorylation (GSK3B, SUMO1, AKAP5, CALM1 and DLG4), amyloid beta production (CASP8, PIK3R1, PPA1, PARP1, CSNK2A1, NGFR, and RHOA), and AD (BCL3, CFLAR, SMAD1, and HIF1A). CONCLUSIONS This study coupled a consensus module (CM) strategy with the iPINBPA network analysis framework, and applied it to the GWAS of CSF t-tau/Aβ1-42 ratio in an AD study. The genome-wide network analysis yielded 4 enriched CMs that share not only genes related to tau phosphorylation or amyloid beta production but also multiple genes enriching several KEGG pathways such as Alzheimer's disease, colorectal cancer, gliomas, renal cell carcinoma, Huntington's disease, and others. This study demonstrated that integration of gene-level associations with CMs could yield statistically significant findings to offer valuable biological insights (e.g., functional interaction among the protein products of these genes) and suggest high confidence candidates for subsequent analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Cong
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, BLDG 61-5029, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Xianglian Meng
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, BLDG 61-5029, Harbin, 150001 China
- Harbin Huade University, No.288 Xue Yuan Rd. Limin Development Zone, Harbin, 150025 China
| | - Jin Li
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, BLDG 61-5029, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Qiushi Zhang
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, BLDG 61-5029, Harbin, 150001 China
- College of Information Engineering, Northeast Dianli University, 169 Changchun Street, Jilin City, Jilin 132012 China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, BLDG 61-5029, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, BLDG 61-5029, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, BLDG 61-5029, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Sipu Cheng
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, BLDG 61-5029, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Xiaohui Yao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 W 16th St, Suite 4100, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, 719 Indiana Avenue, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Jingwen Yan
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 W 16th St, Suite 4100, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, 719 Indiana Avenue, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
- Indiana University Network Science Institute, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - Sungeun Kim
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 W 16th St, Suite 4100, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
- Indiana University Network Science Institute, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 W 16th St, Suite 4100, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
- Indiana University Network Science Institute, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - Hong Liang
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, BLDG 61-5029, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 W 16th St, Suite 4100, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, 719 Indiana Avenue, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, BLDG 61-5029, Harbin, 150001 China
- Harbin Huade University, No.288 Xue Yuan Rd. Limin Development Zone, Harbin, 150025 China
- College of Information Engineering, Northeast Dianli University, 169 Changchun Street, Jilin City, Jilin 132012 China
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 W 16th St, Suite 4100, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, 719 Indiana Avenue, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
- Indiana University Network Science Institute, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
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Weiner MW, Veitch DP, Aisen PS, Beckett LA, Cairns NJ, Green RC, Harvey D, Jack CR, Jagust W, Morris JC, Petersen RC, Saykin AJ, Shaw LM, Toga AW, Trojanowski JQ. Recent publications from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: Reviewing progress toward improved AD clinical trials. Alzheimers Dement 2017; 13:e1-e85. [PMID: 28342697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) has continued development and standardization of methodologies for biomarkers and has provided an increased depth and breadth of data available to qualified researchers. This review summarizes the over 400 publications using ADNI data during 2014 and 2015. METHODS We used standard searches to find publications using ADNI data. RESULTS (1) Structural and functional changes, including subtle changes to hippocampal shape and texture, atrophy in areas outside of hippocampus, and disruption to functional networks, are detectable in presymptomatic subjects before hippocampal atrophy; (2) In subjects with abnormal β-amyloid deposition (Aβ+), biomarkers become abnormal in the order predicted by the amyloid cascade hypothesis; (3) Cognitive decline is more closely linked to tau than Aβ deposition; (4) Cerebrovascular risk factors may interact with Aβ to increase white-matter (WM) abnormalities which may accelerate Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression in conjunction with tau abnormalities; (5) Different patterns of atrophy are associated with impairment of memory and executive function and may underlie psychiatric symptoms; (6) Structural, functional, and metabolic network connectivities are disrupted as AD progresses. Models of prion-like spreading of Aβ pathology along WM tracts predict known patterns of cortical Aβ deposition and declines in glucose metabolism; (7) New AD risk and protective gene loci have been identified using biologically informed approaches; (8) Cognitively normal and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects are heterogeneous and include groups typified not only by "classic" AD pathology but also by normal biomarkers, accelerated decline, and suspected non-Alzheimer's pathology; (9) Selection of subjects at risk of imminent decline on the basis of one or more pathologies improves the power of clinical trials; (10) Sensitivity of cognitive outcome measures to early changes in cognition has been improved and surrogate outcome measures using longitudinal structural magnetic resonance imaging may further reduce clinical trial cost and duration; (11) Advances in machine learning techniques such as neural networks have improved diagnostic and prognostic accuracy especially in challenges involving MCI subjects; and (12) Network connectivity measures and genetic variants show promise in multimodal classification and some classifiers using single modalities are rivaling multimodal classifiers. DISCUSSION Taken together, these studies fundamentally deepen our understanding of AD progression and its underlying genetic basis, which in turn informs and improves clinical trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Weiner
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Dallas P Veitch
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul S Aisen
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Laurel A Beckett
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert C Green
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danielle Harvey
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - William Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arthur W Toga
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Institute of Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute on Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Udall Parkinson's Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Beydoun R, Hamood MA, Gomez Zubieta DM, Kondapalli KC. Na +/H + Exchanger 9 Regulates Iron Mobilization at the Blood-Brain Barrier in Response to Iron Starvation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:4293-4301. [PMID: 28130443 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.769240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential for brain function, with loss of iron homeostasis in the brain linked to neurological diseases ranging from rare syndromes to more common disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Iron entry into the brain is regulated by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Molecular mechanisms regulating this transport are poorly understood. Using an in vitro model of the BBB, we identify NHE9, an endosomal cation/proton exchanger, as a novel regulator of this system. Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMVECs) that constitute the BBB receive brain iron status information via paracrine signals from ensheathing astrocytes. In hBMVECs, we show that NHE9 expression is up-regulated very early in a physiological response invoked by paracrine signals from iron-starved astrocytes. Ectopic expression of NHE9 in hBMVECs without external cues induced up-regulation of the transferrin receptor (TfR) and down-regulation of ferritin, leading to an increase in iron uptake. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that NHE9 localizes to recycling endosomes in hBMVECs where it raises the endosomal pH. The ensuing alkalization of the endosomal lumen increased translocation of TfRs to the hBMVEC membrane. TfRs on the membrane were previously shown to facilitate both recycling-dependent and -independent iron uptake. We propose that NHE9 regulates TfR-dependent, recycling-independent iron uptake in hBMVECs by fine-tuning the endosomal pH in response to paracrine signals and is therefore an important regulator in iron mobilization pathway at the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Beydoun
- From the Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan 48128
| | - Mohamed A Hamood
- From the Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan 48128
| | - Daniela M Gomez Zubieta
- From the Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan 48128
| | - Kalyan C Kondapalli
- From the Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan 48128
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Moreno-Moral A, Pesce F, Behmoaras J, Petretto E. Systems Genetics as a Tool to Identify Master Genetic Regulators in Complex Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1488:337-362. [PMID: 27933533 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6427-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Systems genetics stems from systems biology and similarly employs integrative modeling approaches to describe the perturbations and phenotypic effects observed in a complex system. However, in the case of systems genetics the main source of perturbation is naturally occurring genetic variation, which can be analyzed at the systems-level to explain the observed variation in phenotypic traits. In contrast with conventional single-variant association approaches, the success of systems genetics has been in the identification of gene networks and molecular pathways that underlie complex disease. In addition, systems genetics has proven useful in the discovery of master trans-acting genetic regulators of functional networks and pathways, which in many cases revealed unexpected gene targets for disease. Here we detail the central components of a fully integrated systems genetics approach to complex disease, starting from assessment of genetic and gene expression variation, linking DNA sequence variation to mRNA (expression QTL mapping), gene regulatory network analysis and mapping the genetic control of regulatory networks. By summarizing a few illustrative (and successful) examples, we highlight how different data-modeling strategies can be effectively integrated in a systems genetics study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Moreno-Moral
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Francesco Pesce
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jacques Behmoaras
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
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Early Transcriptional Changes Induced by Wnt/ β-Catenin Signaling in Hippocampal Neurons. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:4672841. [PMID: 28116168 PMCID: PMC5223035 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4672841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling modulates brain development and function and its deregulation underlies pathological changes occurring in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. Since one of the main effects of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is the modulation of target genes, in the present work we examined global transcriptional changes induced by short-term Wnt3a treatment (4 h) in primary cultures of rat hippocampal neurons. RNAseq experiments allowed the identification of 170 differentially expressed genes, including known Wnt/β-catenin target genes such as Notum, Axin2, and Lef1, as well as novel potential candidates Fam84a, Stk32a, and Itga9. Main biological processes enriched with differentially expressed genes included neural precursor (GO:0061364, p-adjusted = 2.5 × 10−7), forebrain development (GO:0030900, p-adjusted = 7.3 × 10−7), and stem cell differentiation (GO:0048863 p-adjusted = 7.3 × 10−7). Likewise, following activation of the signaling cascade, the expression of a significant number of genes with transcription factor activity (GO:0043565, p-adjusted = 4.1 × 10−6) was induced. We also studied molecular networks enriched upon Wnt3a activation and detected three highly significant expression modules involved in glycerolipid metabolic process (GO:0046486, p-adjusted = 4.5 × 10−19), learning or memory (GO:0007611, p-adjusted = 4.0 × 10−5), and neurotransmitter secretion (GO:0007269, p-adjusted = 5.3 × 10−12). Our results indicate that Wnt/β-catenin mediated transcription controls multiple biological processes related to neuronal structure and activity that are affected in synaptic dysfunction disorders.
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Cáceres A, Vargas JE, González JR. APOE
and
MS4A6A
interact with GnRH signaling in Alzheimer's disease: Enrichment of epistatic effects. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 13:493-497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cáceres
- ISGlobal Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL) Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Madrid Spain
| | - José E. Vargas
- CAPES Foundation Ministry of Education of Brazil Brasilia Brazil
| | - Juan R. González
- ISGlobal Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL) Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Madrid Spain
- Department of Mathematics Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
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Smith AR, Mill J, Smith RG, Lunnon K. Elucidating novel dysfunctional pathways in Alzheimer's disease by integrating loci identified in genetic and epigenetic studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nepig.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Ghani M, Sato C, Kakhki EG, Gibbs JR, Traynor B, St George-Hyslop P, Rogaeva E. Mutation analysis of the MS4A and TREM gene clusters in a case-control Alzheimer's disease data set. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 42:217.e7-217.e13. [PMID: 27084067 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Genome wide association studies have identified an association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and common polymorphisms in the MS4A and TREM loci (each containing a cluster of homologous genes) and should be thoroughly investigated for the presence of potentially functional variations. We conducted a mutation analysis by next generation sequencing of 15 genes within the MS4A and TREM gene clusters; and catalogued rare coding variants detected in a North American data set of 210 cases and 233 controls. Investigation of the 5 homologues genes in the TREM locus revealed potentially damaging rare variants in TREM2, TREML1, TREML2, and TREML4. In agreement with a previous report, we observed a significant enrichment of TREM2-damaging missense substitutions in cases (N = 9; 4.2%) compared with controls (N=2; 0.9%; p = 0.010; after Yates' correction p = 0.022). Among known AD-associated TREM2 substitutions, we detected p.R47H, p.D87N, and p.H157Y affecting both TREM2 isoforms (NM_018965 and NM_001271821). In addition, we identified 2 cases with novel TREM2 variants (p.L205P and p.G219C), which mapped only to the isoform NM_001271821 at the C-terminus. Investigation of the MS4A gene cluster revealed that potentially damaging missense substitutions and loss-of-function variants were twice as frequent in controls (N = 19; 8.2%) than cases (N = 9; 4.3%), generating a nominally significant result (p = 0.047; after Yates' correction p = 0.07). Validation of our observation in large data sets might address the question whether such variants could contribute to the protective effect of the minor alleles of Genome wide association study-significant single nucleotide polymorphisms at the MS4A locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Ghani
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Sato
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erfan Ghani Kakhki
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Raphael Gibbs
- Computational Biology Core, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bryan Traynor
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter St George-Hyslop
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Elkahloun AG, Hafko R, Saavedra JM. An integrative genome-wide transcriptome reveals that candesartan is neuroprotective and a candidate therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2016; 8:5. [PMID: 26822027 PMCID: PMC4731966 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-015-0167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is the most frequent age-related dementia, and is currently without treatment. To identify possible targets for early therapeutic intervention we focused on glutamate excitotoxicity, a major early pathogenic factor, and the effects of candesartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker of neuroprotective efficacy in cell cultures and rodent models of Alzheimer's disease. The overall goal of the study was to determine whether gene analysis of drug effects in a primary neuronal culture correlate with alterations in gene expression in Alzheimer's disease, thus providing further preclinical evidence of beneficial therapeutic effects. METHODS Primary neuronal cultures were treated with candesartan at neuroprotective concentrations followed by excitotoxic glutamate amounts. We performed genome-wide expression profile analysis and data evaluation by ingenuity pathway analysis and gene set enrichment analysis, compared with alterations in gene expression from two independent published datasets identified by microarray analysis of postmortem hippocampus from Alzheimer's disease patients. Preferential expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells or neurons was analyzed by comparison to published gene expression in these cells isolated from human cortex by laser capture microdissection. RESULTS Candesartan prevented glutamate upregulation or downregulation of several hundred genes in our cultures. Ingenuity pathway analysis and gene set enrichment analysis revealed that inflammation, cardiovascular disease and diabetes signal transduction pathways and amyloid β metabolism were major components of the neuronal response to glutamate excitotoxicity. Further analysis showed associations of glutamate-induced changes in the expression of several hundred genes, normalized by candesartan, with similar alterations observed in hippocampus from Alzheimer's disease patients. Gene analysis of neurons and cerebrovascular endothelial cells obtained by laser capture microdissection revealed that genes up- and downregulated by glutamate were preferentially expressed in endothelial cells and neurons, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data may be interpreted as evidence of direct candesartan neuroprotection beyond its effects on blood pressure, revealing common and novel disease mechanisms that may underlie the in vitro gene alterations reported here and glutamate-induced cell injury in Alzheimer's disease. Our observations provide novel evidence for candesartan neuroprotection through early molecular mechanisms of injury in Alzheimer's disease, supporting testing this compound in controlled clinical studies in the early stages of the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel G Elkahloun
- Comparative genomics and Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Roman Hafko
- Section on Pharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Juan M Saavedra
- Section on Pharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, SE402 Med/Dent, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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Li JQ, Wang HF, Zhu XC, Sun FR, Tan MS, Tan CC, Jiang T, Tan L, Yu JT. GWAS-Linked Loci and Neuroimaging Measures in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:146-153. [PMID: 26732597 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9669-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently, 19 susceptibility loci for Alzheimer's disease (AD) had been identified through AD genome-wide association studies (GWAS) meta-analysis. However, how they influence the pathogenesis of AD still remains largely unknown. We studied those loci with six MRI measures, abnormal glucose metabolism, and β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition on neuroimaging in a large cohort from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database in order to provide clues of the mechanisms through which these genetic variants might be acting. As a result, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at rs983392 within MS4A6A and rs11218343 within SOLR1 were both associated with the percentage of increase in the volume of left inferior temporal regions in the follow-up study. Meanwhile, rs11218343 at SORL1 and rs6733839 at BIN1 was associated with rate of volume change of left parahippocampal and right inferior parietal, respectively. Moreover, rs6656401 at CR1 and rs983392 at MS4A6A were both associated with smaller volume of right middle temporal at baseline. However, in addition to the APOE locus, we did not detect any influence on glucose metabolism and Aβ deposition. APOE ε4 allele was associated with almost all measures. Altogether, five loci (rs6656401 at CR1, rs983392within MS4A6A, rs11218343 at SORL1, rs6733839 at BIN1, and APOE ε4) have been detected to be associated with one or a few established AD-related neuroimaging measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Qiong Li
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China
| | - Hui-Fu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xi-Chen Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fu-Rong Sun
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China
| | - Meng-Shan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China
| | - Chen-Chen Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China
| | - Teng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China.
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China.
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, Box 1207, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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Heck A, Fastenrath M, Coynel D, Auschra B, Bickel H, Freytag V, Gschwind L, Hartmann F, Jessen F, Kaduszkiewicz H, Maier W, Milnik A, Pentzek M, Riedel-Heller SG, Spalek K, Vogler C, Wagner M, Weyerer S, Wolfsgruber S, de Quervain DF, Papassotiropoulos A. Genetic Analysis of Association Between Calcium Signaling and Hippocampal Activation, Memory Performance in the Young and Old, and Risk for Sporadic Alzheimer Disease. JAMA Psychiatry 2015; 72:1029-36. [PMID: 26332608 PMCID: PMC5291164 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Human episodic memory performance is linked to the function of specific brain regions, including the hippocampus; declines as a result of increasing age; and is markedly disturbed in Alzheimer disease (AD), an age-associated neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects the hippocampus. Exploring the molecular underpinnings of human episodic memory is key to the understanding of hippocampus-dependent cognitive physiology and pathophysiology. OBJECTIVE To determine whether biologically defined groups of genes are enriched in episodic memory performance across age, memory encoding-related brain activity, and AD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this multicenter collaborative study, which began in August 2008 and is ongoing, gene set enrichment analysis was done by using primary and meta-analysis data from 57 968 participants. The Swiss cohorts consisted of 3043 healthy young adults assessed for episodic memory performance. In a subgroup (n = 1119) of one of these cohorts, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to identify gene set-dependent differences in brain activity related to episodic memory. The German Study on Aging, Cognition, and Dementia in Primary Care Patients cohort consisted of 763 elderly participants without dementia who were assessed for episodic memory performance. The International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project case-control sample consisted of 54 162 participants (17 008 patients with sporadic AD and 37 154 control participants). Analyses were conducted between January 2014 and June 2015. Gene set enrichment analysis in all samples was done using genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism data. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Episodic memory performance in the Swiss cohort and German Study on Aging, Cognition, and Dementia in Primary Care Patients cohort was quantified by picture and verbal delayed free recall tasks. In the functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment, activation of the hippocampus during encoding of pictures served as the phenotype of interest. In the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project sample, diagnosis of sporadic AD served as the phenotype of interest. RESULTS In the discovery sample, we detected significant enrichment for genes constituting the calcium signaling pathway, especially those related to the elevation of cytosolic calcium (P = 2 × 10-4). This enrichment was replicated in 2 additional samples of healthy young individuals (P = .02 and .04, respectively) and a sample of healthy elderly participants (P = .004). Hippocampal activation (P = 4 × 10-4) and the risk for sporadic AD (P = .01) were also significantly enriched for genes related to the elevation of cytosolic calcium. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE By detecting consistent significant enrichment in independent cohorts of young and elderly participants, this study identified that calcium signaling plays a central role in hippocampus-dependent human memory processes in cognitive health and disease, contributing to the understanding and potential treatment of hippocampus-dependent cognitive pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Heck
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Matthias Fastenrath
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - David Coynel
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Bianca Auschra
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Horst Bickel
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Virginie Freytag
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Leo Gschwind
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Francina Hartmann
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Frank Jessen
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Hanna Kaduszkiewicz
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Annette Milnik
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Michael Pentzek
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Steffi G. Riedel-Heller
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Klara Spalek
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Christian Vogler
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Michael Wagner
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Siegfried Weyerer
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- Division of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Mrs Auschra, Mrs Freytag, Mr Gschwind, Dr Hartmann, Dr Milnik, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Heck, Dr Vogler, Dr de Quervain, Dr Papassotiropoulos), Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Fastenrath, Dr Coynel, Dr Spalek, Dr de Quervain), Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (Dr Bickel), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Jessen), Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (Dr Jessen, Dr Maier, Dr Wagner, Mr Wolfsgruber), Department of Primary Medical Care, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (Dr Hanna Kaduszkiewicz), Germany Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (Dr Pentzek), Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (Dr Riedel-Heller), Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Weyerer), Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland (Dr Papassotiropoulos)
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Talwar P, Sinha J, Grover S, Rawat C, Kushwaha S, Agarwal R, Taneja V, Kukreti R. Dissecting Complex and Multifactorial Nature of Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis: a Clinical, Genomic, and Systems Biology Perspective. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:4833-64. [PMID: 26351077 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of memory and other cognitive functions. AD can be classified into familial AD (FAD) and sporadic AD (SAD) based on heritability and into early onset AD (EOAD) and late onset AD (LOAD) based on age of onset. LOAD cases are more prevalent with genetically complex architecture. In spite of significant research focused on understanding the etiological mechanisms, search for diagnostic biomarker(s) and disease-modifying therapy is still on. In this article, we aim to comprehensively review AD literature on established etiological mechanisms including role of beta-amyloid and apolipoprotein E (APOE) along with promising newer etiological factors such as epigenetic modifications that have been associated with AD suggesting its multifactorial nature. As genomic studies have recently played a significant role in elucidating AD pathophysiology, a systematic review of findings from genome-wide linkage (GWL), genome-wide association (GWA), genome-wide expression (GWE), and epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) was conducted. The availability of multi-dimensional genomic data has further coincided with the advent of computational and network biology approaches in recent years. Our review highlights the importance of integrative approaches involving genomics and systems biology perspective in elucidating AD pathophysiology. The promising newer approaches may provide reliable means of early and more specific diagnosis and help identify therapeutic interventions for LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Talwar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) Campus, New Delhi, India.,Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Juhi Sinha
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi, 110 007, India.,Department of Paediatrics, Division of Pneumonology-Immunology, Charité University Medical Centre, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chitra Rawat
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) Campus, New Delhi, India.,Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Suman Kushwaha
- Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences (IHBAS), Delhi, India
| | - Rachna Agarwal
- Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences (IHBAS), Delhi, India
| | - Vibha Taneja
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritushree Kukreti
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) Campus, New Delhi, India. .,Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Delhi, 110 007, India.
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42
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Gao H, Tao Y, He Q, Song F, Saffen D. Functional enrichment analysis of three Alzheimer's disease genome-wide association studies identities DAB1 as a novel candidate liability/protective gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:490-5. [PMID: 26028559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To explore genetic contributions of Alzheimer's disease (AD) at the level of biological terms and pathways, we analyzed three Caucasian population-based genome-wide association study datasets (TGEN_ND, GeneADA and NIA_LOAD) using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). This analysis identified 4 annotation terms ("Fibronectin type III-like fold," "Cell adhesion," "Cell motion" and "Ig-like-C2-type 3") and 17 genes that associated with AD susceptibility in two or more of the GWAS datasets. Ten of these genes, have previously been identified as candidate AD liability genes in genetic association studies (AGT, COL11A1) or encode proteins that function in biological systems or pathways previously implicated in AD (BARHL2, CSF3R, DAB1, HMCN1, LEPR, PTPRF, PXDN, TNR). Among these, DAB1 (Dab, reelin signal transducer, homolog 1) was of particular interest, since it encodes a protein that functions downstream from reelin, a signaling pathway previously identified as protective in AD. Multiple linear regression analysis of correlations between brain DAB1 mRNA expression and SNP genotype using data from the "BrainCloud" database identified five SNPs within the DAB1 locus that correlated with mRNA expression in human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Analysis of predicted levels of DAB1 mRNA expression based on genotype combinations present in AD cases and controls vs. the log10-transformed odds ratios for AD diagnosis, revealed statistically significant correlations in one of the GWAS datasets (GenADA), with high DAB1 mRNA expression correlating with AD protection. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis of cases and controls in the three GWAS, revealed genetic differences between GenADA and TGEN_ND/NIA_LOAD, which were similar to each other. To our knowledge, this study is the first to provide genetic evidence for DAB1 as a candidate AD liability/protection gene, although the strength of the contribution of DAB1 may differ among populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China; Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Tao
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China; Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin He
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China; Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Song
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China
| | - David Saffen
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China; Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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43
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Hossini AM, Megges M, Prigione A, Lichtner B, Toliat MR, Wruck W, Schröter F, Nuernberg P, Kroll H, Makrantonaki E, Zouboulis CC, Zoubouliss CC, Adjaye J. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neuronal cells from a sporadic Alzheimer's disease donor as a model for investigating AD-associated gene regulatory networks. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:84. [PMID: 25765079 PMCID: PMC4344782 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex, irreversible neurodegenerative disorder. At present there are neither reliable markers to diagnose AD at an early stage nor therapy. To investigate underlying disease mechanisms, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) allow the generation of patient-derived neuronal cells in a dish. Results In this study, employing iPS technology, we derived and characterized iPSCs from dermal fibroblasts of an 82-year-old female patient affected by sporadic AD. The AD-iPSCs were differentiated into neuronal cells, in order to generate disease-specific protein association networks modeling the molecular pathology on the transcriptome level of AD, to analyse the reflection of the disease phenotype in gene expression in AD-iPS neuronal cells, in particular in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and to address expression of typical AD proteins. We detected the expression of p-tau and GSK3B, a physiological kinase of tau, in neuronal cells derived from AD-iPSCs. Treatment of neuronal cells differentiated from AD-iPSCs with an inhibitor of γ-secretase resulted in the down-regulation of p-tau. Transcriptome analysis of AD-iPS derived neuronal cells revealed significant changes in the expression of genes associated with AD and with the constitutive as well as the inducible subunits of the proteasome complex. The neuronal cells expressed numerous genes associated with sub-regions within the brain thus suggesting the usefulness of our in-vitro model. Moreover, an AD-related protein interaction network composed of APP and GSK3B among others could be generated using neuronal cells differentiated from two AD-iPS cell lines. Conclusions Our study demonstrates how an iPSC-based model system could represent (i) a tool to study the underlying molecular basis of sporadic AD, (ii) a platform for drug screening and toxicology studies which might unveil novel therapeutic avenues for this debilitating neuronal disorder. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1262-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir M Hossini
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, 06847, Dessau, Germany.
| | - Matthias Megges
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany. .,Molecular Embryology and Aging Group, Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Alessandro Prigione
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany. .,Current address: Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert Roessle Str. 10, D-13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bjoern Lichtner
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Mohammad R Toliat
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Wasco Wruck
- Molecular Embryology and Aging Group, Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Friederike Schröter
- Molecular Embryology and Aging Group, Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Peter Nuernberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Hartmut Kroll
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine Dessau, Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service NSTOB, 06847, Dessau, Germany.
| | - Eugenia Makrantonaki
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, 06847, Dessau, Germany. .,Geriatrics Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Reinickendorfer Str. 61, 13447, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Christos C Zoubouliss
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, 06847, Dessau, Germany.
| | - James Adjaye
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany. .,Molecular Embryology and Aging Group, Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
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Prasad H, Rao R. The Na+/H+ exchanger NHE6 modulates endosomal pH to control processing of amyloid precursor protein in a cell culture model of Alzheimer disease. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:5311-27. [PMID: 25561733 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.602219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Early intervention may be key to safe and effective therapies in patients with Alzheimer disease. Endosomal dysfunction is an early step in neurodegeneration. Endosomes are a major site of production of Aβ peptide from the processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by clipping enzymes (β- and γ-secretases). The β-secretase enzyme BACE1 requires acidic lumen pH for optimum function, and acid pH promotes Aβ aggregation. The Na(+)/H(+) exchanger NHE6 provides a leak pathway for protons, limiting luminal acidification by proton pumps. Like APP, NHE6 expression was induced upon differentiation of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and localized to an endosomal compartment. Therefore, we investigated whether NHE6 expression altered APP localization and processing in a stably transfected cell culture model of human APP expression. We show that co-expression with NHE6 or treatment with the Na(+)/H(+) ionophore monensin shifted APP away from the trans-Golgi network into early and recycling endosomes in HEK293 cells. NHE6 alkalinized the endosomal lumen, similar to monensin, and significantly attenuated APP processing and Aβ secretion. In contrast, Aβ production was elevated upon NHE6 knockdown. We show that NHE6 transcript and protein levels are lowered in Alzheimer brains relative to control. These findings, taken together with emerging genetic evidence linking endosomal Na(+)/H(+) exchangers with Alzheimer disease, suggest that proton leak pathways may regulate Aβ generation and contribute to disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Prasad
- From the Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Rajini Rao
- From the Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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45
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Kondapalli KC, Prasad H, Rao R. An inside job: how endosomal Na(+)/H(+) exchangers link to autism and neurological disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:172. [PMID: 25002837 PMCID: PMC4066934 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism imposes a major impediment to childhood development and a huge emotional and financial burden on society. In recent years, there has been rapidly accumulating genetic evidence that links the eNHE, a subset of Na(+)/H(+) exchangers that localize to intracellular vesicles, to a variety of neurological conditions including autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), intellectual disability, and epilepsy. By providing a leak pathway for protons pumped by the V-ATPase, eNHE determine luminal pH and regulate cation (Na(+), K(+)) content in early and recycling endosomal compartments. Loss-of-function mutations in eNHE cause hyperacidification of endosomal lumen, as a result of imbalance in pump and leak pathways. Two isoforms, NHE6 and NHE9 are highly expressed in brain, including hippocampus and cortex. Here, we summarize evidence for the importance of luminal cation content and pH on processing, delivery and fate of cargo. Drawing upon insights from model organisms and mammalian cells we show how eNHE affect surface expression and function of membrane receptors and neurotransmitter transporters. These studies lead to cellular models of eNHE activity in pre- and post-synaptic neurons and astrocytes, where they could impact synapse development and plasticity. The study of eNHE has provided new insight on the mechanism of autism and other debilitating neurological disorders and opened up new possibilities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rajini Rao
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
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