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Nguyen HTN, Duhon BH, Kuo HC, Fisher M, Brickey OM, Zhang L, Otero JJ, Prevedello DM, Adunka OF, Ren Y. Matrix metalloproteinase 9: An emerging biomarker for classification of adherent vestibular schwannoma. Neurooncol Adv 2024; 6:vdae058. [PMID: 38887507 PMCID: PMC11181934 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdae058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The progression of vestibular schwannoma (VS) is intricately linked with interactions between schwannoma cells and the extracellular matrix. Surgical resection of VS is associated with substantial risks as tumors are adherent to the brainstem and cranial nerves. We evaluate the role of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in VS and explore its potential as a biomarker to classify adherent VS. Methods Transcriptomic analysis of a murine schwannoma allograft model and immunohistochemical analysis of 17 human VS were performed. MMP9 abundance was assessed in mouse and human schwannoma cell lines. Transwell studies were performed to evaluate the effect of MMP9 on schwannoma invasion in vitro. Plasma biomarkers were identified from a multiplexed proteomic analysis in 45 prospective VS patients and validated in primary culture. The therapeutic efficacy of MMP9 inhibition was evaluated in a mouse schwannoma model. Results MMP9 was the most highly upregulated protease in mouse schwannomas and was significantly enriched in adherent VS, particularly around tumor vasculature. High levels of MMP9 were found in plasma of patients with adherent VS. MMP9 outperformed clinical and radiographic variables to classify adherent VS with outstanding discriminatory ability. Human schwannoma cells secreted MMP9 in response to TNF-α which promoted cellular invasion and adhesion protein expression in vitro. Lastly, MMP9 inhibition decreased mouse schwannoma growth in vivo. Conclusions We identify MMP9 as a preoperative biomarker to classify adherent VS. MMP9 may represent a new therapeutic target in adherent VS associated with poor surgical outcomes that lack other viable treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han T N Nguyen
- Division of Otology, Neurotology, and Cranial Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Bailey H Duhon
- Division of Otology, Neurotology, and Cranial Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Hsuan-Chih Kuo
- Division of Otology, Neurotology, and Cranial Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Melanie Fisher
- Division of Otology, Neurotology, and Cranial Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Olivia M Brickey
- Division of Otology, Neurotology, and Cranial Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa Zhang
- Division of Otology, Neurotology, and Cranial Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jose J Otero
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel M Prevedello
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Oliver F Adunka
- Division of Otology, Neurotology, and Cranial Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yin Ren
- Division of Otology, Neurotology, and Cranial Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Mallick AM, Biswas A, Mishra S, Jadhav S, Chakraborty K, Tripathi A, Mukherjee A, Roy RS. Engineered vitamin E-tethered non-immunogenic facial lipopeptide for developing improved siRNA based combination therapy against metastatic breast cancer. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7842-7866. [PMID: 37502330 PMCID: PMC10370593 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01071f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference based therapeutic gene silencing is an emerging platform for managing highly metastatic breast cancer. Cytosolic delivery of functional siRNA remains the key obstacle for efficient RNAi therapy. To overcome the challenges of siRNA delivery, we have engineered a vitamin E-tethered, short, optimum protease stabilized facial lipopeptide based non-immunogenic, biocompatible siRNA transporter to facilitate the clinical translation in future. Our designed lipopeptide has an Arginine-Sarcosine-Arginine segment for providing optimum protease-stability, minimizing adjacent arginine-arginine repulsion and reducing intermolecular aggregation and α-tocopherol as the lipidic moiety for facilitating cellular permeabilization. Interestingly, our designed non-immunogenic siRNA transporter has exhibited significantly better long term transfection efficiency than HiPerFect and can transfect hard to transfect primary cell line, HUVEC. Our engineered siRNA therapeutics demonstrated high efficacy in managing metastasis against triple negative breast cancer by disrupting the crosstalk of endothelial cells and MDA-MB-231 and reduced stemness and metastatic markers, as evidenced by downregulating critical oncogenic pathways. Our study aimed at silencing Notch1 signalling to achieve "multi-targeted" therapy with a single putative molecular medicine. We have further developed mechanistically rational combination therapy combining Notch1 silencing with a repurposed drug m-TOR inhibitor, metformin, which demonstrated synergistic interaction and enhanced antitumor efficacy against cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argha Mario Mallick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Abhijit Biswas
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Sukumar Mishra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Sonali Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Pune 411008 India
| | - Kasturee Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Archana Tripathi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Arnab Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Pune 411008 India
| | - Rituparna Sinha Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 India
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 India
- Centre for Climate and Environmental Studies, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 India
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Abouelezz HM, El-Kashef DH, Abdеlaziz RR, Nader MA. Tenofovir alone or combined with doxorubicin abrogates DMBA-induced mammary cell carcinoma: An insight into its modulatory impact on oxidative/Notch/apoptotic signaling. Life Sci 2023:121798. [PMID: 37236603 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Breast cancer incidence keeps on growing and emerging as one of the major global challenges, therefore, the introduction of new approaches is of great demand. Drug repurposing is crucial to faster and cheaper discovery of anti-cancer drugs. The antiviral tenofovir disproxil fumarate (TF) was reported to decrease hepatocellular carcinoma risk by interfering with cell cycle and proliferation. This study aimed to scrutinize the role of TF alone or combined with doxorubicin (DOX) in 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast carcinoma rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Breast carcinoma was induced by DMBA (7.5 mg/kg, twice/week, SC into mammary gland) for 4 successive weeks. TF (25 and 50 mg/kg/day) was given orally and DOX (2 mg/kg) was injected once/week by tail vein starting from day 1. KEY FINDINGS The anti-cancerous effect of TF was mediated by suppression of oxidative stress markers and Notch signaling proteins (Notch1, JAG1, and HES1), attenuation of tumor proliferation markers (cyclin-D1 and Ki67), and boosting of apoptosis (P53 and Caspase3) and autophagy biomarkers (Beclin1 and LC3). In parallel, histopathological assessment displayed that mammary glands from animals treated with TF alone or combined with DOX showed better histopathological scores. Interestingly, TF and DOX co-treatment markedly decreased myocardial injury markers (AST, LDH, and CK-MB), restored the balance between GSH and ROS, prohibited lipid peroxidation, and preserved microscopic myocardial architecture. SIGNIFICANCE TF elicited antitumor activity via multiple molecular mechanisms. Moreover, combining TF with DOX might be a potential novel strategy to enhance DOX-anticancer activity and decrease its cardiac side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer M Abouelezz
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Dalia H El-Kashef
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rania R Abdеlaziz
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Manar A Nader
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Pavitra E, Kancharla J, Gupta VK, Prasad K, Sung JY, Kim J, Tej MB, Choi R, Lee JH, Han YK, Raju GSR, Bhaskar L, Huh YS. The role of NF-κB in breast cancer initiation, growth, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114822. [PMID: 37146418 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second most fatal disease and is the prime cause of cancer allied female deaths. BC is caused by aberrant tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes regulated by transcription factors (TFs) like NF-κB. NF-κB is a pro-inflammatory TF that crucially alters the expressions of various genes associated with inflammation, cell progression, metastasis, and apoptosis and modulates a network of genes that underlie tumorigenesis. Herein, we focus on NF-κB signaling pathways, its regulators, and the rationale for targeting NF-κB. This review also includes TFs that maintain NF-κB crosstalk and their roles in promoting angiogenesis and metastasis. In addition, we discuss the importance of combination therapies, resistance to treatment, and potential novel therapeutic strategies including nanomedicine that targets NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eluri Pavitra
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; 3D Convergence Center, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jyothsna Kancharla
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Vanasthali, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiran Prasad
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur- 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Ju Yong Sung
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jigyeong Kim
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Mandava Bhuvan Tej
- Department of Health care informatics, Sacred Heart University, 5151Park Avenue, Fair fields, CT06825, USA
| | - Rino Choi
- 3D Convergence Center, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Lee
- 3D Convergence Center, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyu Han
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganji Seeta Rama Raju
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Lvks Bhaskar
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur- 495009, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
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NOTCH Signaling in Osteosarcoma. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2266-2283. [PMID: 36975516 PMCID: PMC10047431 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery has been promoted for the treatment of osteosarcoma; however, the local recurrence and lung metastasis rates remain high. Therefore, it is crucial to explore new therapeutic targets and strategies that are more effective. The NOTCH pathway is not only involved in normal embryonic development but also plays an important role in the development of cancers. The expression level and signaling functional status of the NOTCH pathway vary in different histological types of cancer as well as in the same type of cancer from different patients, reflecting the distinct roles of the Notch pathway in tumorigenesis. Studies have reported abnormal activation of the NOTCH signaling pathway in most clinical specimens of osteosarcoma, which is closely related to a poor prognosis. Similarly, studies have reported that NOTCH signaling affected the biological behavior of osteosarcoma through various molecular mechanisms. NOTCH-targeted therapy has shown potential for the treatment of osteosarcoma in clinical research. After the introduction of the composition and biological functions of the NOTCH signaling pathway, the review paper discussed the clinical significance of dysfunction in osteosarcoma. Then the paper reviewed the recent relevant research progress made both in the cell lines and in the animal models of osteosarcoma. Finally, the paper explored the potential of the clinical application of NOTCH-targeted therapy for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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6
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Chakraborty K, Biswas A, Mishra S, Mallick AM, Tripathi A, Jan S, Sinha Roy R. Harnessing Peptide-Functionalized Multivalent Gold Nanorods for Promoting Enhanced Gene Silencing and Managing Breast Cancer Metastasis. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:458-472. [PMID: 36651932 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has become the cornerstone against undruggable targets and for managing metastatic breast cancer. However, an effective gene silencing approach is faced with a major challenge due to the delivery problem. In our present study, we have demonstrated efficient siRNA delivery, superior gene silencing, and inhibition of metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) using rod-shaped (aspect ratio: 4) multivalent peptide-functionalized gold nanoparticles and compared them to monovalent free peptide doses. Multivalency is a new concept in biology, and tuning the physical parameters of multivalent nanoparticles can enhance gene silencing and antitumor efficacy. We explored the effect of the multivalency of shape- and size-dependent peptide-functionalized gold nanoparticles in siRNA delivery. Our study demonstrates that peptide functionalization leads to reduced toxicity of the nanoparticles. Such designed peptide-functionalized nanorods also demonstrate antimetastatic efficacy in Notch1-silenced cells by preventing EMT progression in vitro. We have shown siRNA delivery in the hard-to-transfect primary cell line HUVEC and also demonstrated that the Notch1-silenced MDA-MB-231 cell line has failed to form nanobridge-mediated foci with the HUVEC in the co-culture of HUVEC and MDA-MB-231, which promote metastasis. This antimetastatic effect is further checked in a xenotransplant in vivo zebrafish model. In vivo studies also suggest that our designed nanoparticles mediated inhibition of micrometastasis due to silencing of the Notch1 gene. The outcome of our study highlights that the structure-activity relationship of multifunctional nanoparticles can be harnessed to modulate their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturee Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Abhijit Biswas
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Sukumar Mishra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Argha Mario Mallick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Archana Tripathi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Somnath Jan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Rituparna Sinha Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India.,Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India.,Centre for Climate and Environmental Studies, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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7
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Retraction: Notch-1 Signaling Promotes the Malignant Features of Human Breast Cancer through NF-κB Activation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283750. [PMID: 36952543 PMCID: PMC10035821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
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8
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The role of Hedgehog and Notch signaling pathway in cancer. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:44. [PMID: 36517618 PMCID: PMC9751255 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00099-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch and Hedgehog signaling are involved in cancer biology and pathology, including the maintenance of tumor cell proliferation, cancer stem-like cells, and the tumor microenvironment. Given the complexity of Notch signaling in tumors, its role as both a tumor promoter and suppressor, and the crosstalk between pathways, the goal of developing clinically safe, effective, tumor-specific Notch-targeted drugs has remained intractable. Drugs developed against the Hedgehog signaling pathway have affirmed definitive therapeutic effects in basal cell carcinoma; however, in some contexts, the challenges of tumor resistance and recurrence leap to the forefront. The efficacy is very limited for other tumor types. In recent years, we have witnessed an exponential increase in the investigation and recognition of the critical roles of the Notch and Hedgehog signaling pathways in cancers, and the crosstalk between these pathways has vast space and value to explore. A series of clinical trials targeting signaling have been launched continually. In this review, we introduce current advances in the understanding of Notch and Hedgehog signaling and the crosstalk between pathways in specific tumor cell populations and microenvironments. Moreover, we also discuss the potential of targeting Notch and Hedgehog for cancer therapy, intending to promote the leap from bench to bedside.
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Yousefi H, Bahramy A, Zafari N, Delavar MR, Nguyen K, Haghi A, Kandelouei T, Vittori C, Jazireian P, Maleki S, Imani D, Moshksar A, Bitaraf A, Babashah S. Notch signaling pathway: a comprehensive prognostic and gene expression profile analysis in breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1282. [PMID: 36476410 PMCID: PMC9730604 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10383-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a complex disease exhibiting a great degree of heterogeneity due to different molecular subtypes. Notch signaling regulates the differentiation of breast epithelial cells during normal development and plays a crucial role in breast cancer progression through the abnormal expression of the Notch up-and down-stream effectors. To date, there are only a few patient-centered clinical studies using datasets characterizing the role of Notch signaling pathway regulators in breast cancer; thus, we investigate the role and functionality of these factors in different subtypes using publicly available databases containing records from large studies. High-throughput genomic data and clinical information extracted from TCGA were analyzed. We performed Kaplan-Meier survival and differential gene expression analyses using the HALLMARK_NOTCH_SIGNALING gene set. To determine if epigenetic regulation of the Notch regulators contributes to their expression, we analyzed methylation levels of these factors using the TCGA HumanMethylation450 Array data. Notch receptors and ligands expression is generally associated with the tumor subtype, grade, and stage. Furthermore, we showed gene expression levels of most Notch factors were associated with DNA methylation rate. Modulating the expression levels of Notch receptors and effectors can be a potential therapeutic approach for breast cancer. As we outline herein, elucidating the novel prognostic and regulatory roles of Notch implicate this pathway as an essential mediator controlling breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Yousefi
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Afshin Bahramy
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Zafari
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Rostamian Delavar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Khoa Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Atousa Haghi
- Hematology Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Kandelouei
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Cecilia Vittori
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC), and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Parham Jazireian
- Department of Biology, University Campus 2, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sajad Maleki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Danyal Imani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Moshksar
- Interventional Radiology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Amirreza Bitaraf
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box, Tehran, 14115-154, Iran
| | - Sadegh Babashah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box, Tehran, 14115-154, Iran.
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10
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Huang T, Bao H, Meng YH, Zhu JL, Chu XD, Chu XL, Pan JH. Tumour budding is a novel marker in breast cancer: the clinical application and future prospects. Ann Med 2022; 54:1303-1312. [PMID: 35535687 PMCID: PMC9103277 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2070272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a group of markedly heterogeneous tumours. There are many subtypes with different biological behaviours and clinicopathological characteristics, leading to significantly different prognosis. Despite significant advances in the treatment of BC, early metastatic is a critical factor for poor prognosis in BC patients. Tumour budding (TB) is considered as the first step process of tumour metastasis and is related to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). TB has been observed in a variety of cancers, such as colorectal and gastric cancer, and had been considered as a distinct clinicopathological characteristics for early metastasis. However, TB evaluation standards and clinical application are not uniform in BC, as well as its molecular mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we reviewed the interpretation criteria, mechanism, clinicopathological characteristics and clinical application prospects of TB in BC. Key messagesCurrently, tumour budding is a poor prognosis for various solid tumours, also in breast cancer.Tumour budding is based on epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumour microenvironment factors and is presumed to be an early step in the metastatic process.Breast cancer tumour budding still needs multi-centre experiments. We summarize the current research on breast cancer tumour budding, analyse the method of discriminating breast cancer tumour budding and explore the prognostic role and mechanism in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Huang
- Department of Clinical Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Bao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Hua Meng
- Department of Clinical Pathology, the First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan, China
| | - Jian-Lin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Chu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Li Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Hua Pan
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Decreased TSPAN14 Expression Contributes to NSCLC Progression. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091291. [PMID: 36143328 PMCID: PMC9506201 DOI: 10.3390/life12091291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tspan14 is a transmembrane protein of the tetraspanin (Tspan) protein family. Different members of the Tspan family can promote or suppress tumor progression. The exact role of Tspan14 in tumor cells is unknown. Earlier, mutational inactivation of the TSPAN14 gene has been proposed to coincide with a low survival rate in NSCLC patients. This study aimed to investigate the correlation of TSPAN14 lack of function with clinicopathological features of NSCLC patients, and to elucidate the role TSPAN14 might have in NSCLC progression. TSPAN14 expression was lower in tumor cells than non-tumor cells in NSCLC patients’ samples. The decreased gene expression was correlated with a low survival rate of patients and was more frequent in patients with aggressive, invasive tumor types. Additionally, the role of decreased TSPAN14 expression in the metastatic potential of cancer cells was confirmed in NSCLC cell lines. The highly invasive NSCLC cell line (NCI-H661) had the lowest TSPAN14 gene and protein expression, whereas the NSCLC cell line with the highest TSPAN14 expression (NCI-H460) had no significant metastatic potential. Finally, silencing of TSPAN14 in these non-metastatic cancer cells caused an increased expression of matrix-degrading enzymes MMP-2 and MMP-9, followed by an elevated capacity of cancer cells to degrade gelatin. The results of this study propose TSPAN14 expression as an indicator of NSCLC metastatic potential and progression.
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12
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Sun B, Ji W, Liu C, Lin X, Chen L, Qian H, Su C. miR-2392 functions as tumour suppressor and inhibits malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via directly targeting JAG2. Liver Int 2022; 42:1658-1673. [PMID: 35485355 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Dysregulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression in various cancers and their vital roles in malignant progression of cancers are well investigated. Our previous studies have analysed miRNAs that promote malignant progression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); this study aims to systematically elucidate the mechanism of metastasis suppressor miRNAs in HCC. METHODS High-throughput RNA sequencing was used to identify anti-metastatic miRNAs. The relative expression levels of miRNAs were confirmed by qRT-PCR. The biological functions of miRNAs were detected in vitro and in vivo. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) were enriched from blood samples of HCC patients and cultured by three-dimensional (3D) system. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression were used to analyse the value of potential target mRNAs on overall survival. RESULTS miR-2392 was significantly down-regulated in HCC. Overexpression of miR-2392 suppressed proliferation, clonogenicity, mobility, spheroid formation and maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSC)-like characteristics in HCC cells. CTCs from HCC patients with lower serum miR-2392 level had stronger cell spheroid formation ability. A negative correlation between the content of miR-2392 in serum and the number of CTC spheroids had been found. We identified Jagged2 (JAG2) as a direct target of miR-2392. miR-2392 inhibited the expression of JAG2 by targeting 3'-UTR of JAG2. Down-regulation of JAG2 inhibited the overexpression effects of miR-2392 in vitro and in vivo. JAG2 is highly expressed in HCC and is closely related to poor prognosis and survival of patients. CONCLUSIONS miR-2392 may play a role as a tumour suppressor to guide the individualized precise treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital and National Center for Liver Cancer, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidan Ji
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital and National Center for Liver Cancer, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunying Liu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital and National Center for Liver Cancer, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejing Lin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital and National Center for Liver Cancer, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital and National Center for Liver Cancer, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihua Qian
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital and National Center for Liver Cancer, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changqing Su
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital and National Center for Liver Cancer, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Chimento A, D’Amico M, Pezzi V, De Amicis F. Notch Signaling in Breast Tumor Microenvironment as Mediator of Drug Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116296. [PMID: 35682974 PMCID: PMC9181656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling dysregulation encourages breast cancer progression through different mechanisms such as stem cell maintenance, cell proliferation and migration/invasion. Furthermore, Notch is a crucial driver regulating juxtracrine and paracrine communications between tumor and stroma. The complex interplay between the abnormal Notch pathway orchestrating the activation of other signals and cellular heterogeneity contribute towards remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. These changes, together with tumor evolution and treatment pressure, drive breast cancer drug resistance. Preclinical studies have shown that targeting the Notch pathway can prevent or reverse resistance, reducing or eliminating breast cancer stem cells. In the present review, we will summarize the current scientific evidence that highlights the involvement of Notch activation within the breast tumor microenvironment, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and tumor/stroma/immune system interplay and its involvement in mechanisms of therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Chimento
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy; (A.C.); (M.D.); (F.D.A.)
| | - Maria D’Amico
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy; (A.C.); (M.D.); (F.D.A.)
- Health Center, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy; (A.C.); (M.D.); (F.D.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0984-493148
| | - Francesca De Amicis
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy; (A.C.); (M.D.); (F.D.A.)
- Health Center, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
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14
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Roles of Notch Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116241. [PMID: 35682918 PMCID: PMC9181414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is an architecturally simple signaling mechanism, well known for its role in cell fate regulation during organ development and in tissue homeostasis. In keeping with its importance for normal development, dysregulation of Notch signaling is increasingly associated with different types of tumors, and proteins in the Notch signaling pathway can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, depending on the cellular context and tumor type. In addition to a role as a driver of tumor initiation and progression in the tumor cells carrying oncogenic mutations, it is an emerging realization that Notch signaling also plays a role in non-mutated cells in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we discuss how aberrant Notch signaling can affect three types of cells in the tumor stroma-cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune cells and vascular cells-and how this influences their interactions with the tumor cells. Insights into the roles of Notch in cells of the tumor environment and the impact on tumor-stroma interactions will lead to a deeper understanding of Notch signaling in cancer and inspire new strategies for Notch-based tumor therapy.
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15
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Pradhan RK, Ramakrishna W. Transposons: Unexpected players in cancer. Gene 2022; 808:145975. [PMID: 34592349 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Transposons are repetitive DNA sequences encompassing about half of the human genome. They play a vital role in genome stability maintenance and contribute to genomic diversity and evolution. Their activity is regulated by various mechanisms considering the deleterious effects of these mobile elements. Various genetic risk factors and environmental stress conditions affect the regulatory pathways causing alteration of transposon expression. Our knowledge of the biological role of transposons is limited especially in various types of cancers. Retrotransposons of different types (LTR-retrotransposons, LINEs and SINEs) regulate a plethora of genes that have a role in cell reprogramming, tumor suppression, cell cycle, apoptosis, cell adhesion and migration, and DNA repair. The regulatory mechanisms of transposons, their deregulation and different mechanisms underlying transposon-mediated carcinogenesis in humans focusing on the three most prevalent types, lung, breast and colorectal cancers, were reviewed. The modes of regulation employed include alternative splicing, deletion, insertion, duplication in genes and promoters resulting in upregulation, downregulation or silencing of genes.
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16
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Li P, Chen Y, Peng Y, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Chen X, Li T, Li S, Yang H, Wu C, Zheng C, Zhu J, You F, Li L, Qin X, Liu Y. Notch-1 signaling promotes reattachment of suspended cancer cells by cdc42-dependent microtentacles formation. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:4894-4908. [PMID: 34582616 PMCID: PMC8645759 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are associated with a higher risk of metastasis in tumor patients. The adhesion and arrest of CTCs at a secondary site is an essential prerequisite for the occurrence of tumor metastasis. CTC reattachment has shown to be dependent on microtentacle (McTN) formation in vivo. However, the specific molecular mechanism of McTN formation in suspended cancer cells remains largely unclear. Here, we demonstrated that the activation of Notch-1 signaling triggers McTN formation to facilitate cell reattachment in suspended cell culture conditions. Moreover, molecular mechanistic studies revealed that McTN formation is governed by the balance between microtubule-driven outgrowth and actomyosin-driven cell contractility. The activation of Notch-1 downregulates the acetylation level of microtubules via the Cdc42/HDAC6 pathway, which contributes to microtubule polymerization. Simultaneously, Notch-1 signaling-induced Cdc42 activation also reduced phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain, leading to cell contractility attenuation. Altogether, these results defined a novel mechanism by which Notch-1 signaling disturbs the balance between the expansion of microtubules and contraction of the cortical actin, which promotes McTN formation and cell reattachment. Our findings provide a new perspective on the effective therapeutic target to prevent CTC reattachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueting Peng
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixi Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanying Zhou
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangyan Chen
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shun Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunhui Wu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengming You
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Qin
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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17
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Edwards A, Brennan K. Notch Signalling in Breast Development and Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:692173. [PMID: 34295896 PMCID: PMC8290365 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.692173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signalling pathway is a highly conserved developmental signalling pathway, with vital roles in determining cell fate during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Aberrant Notch signalling has been implicated in many disease pathologies, including cancer. In this review, we will outline the mechanism and regulation of the Notch signalling pathway. We will also outline the role Notch signalling plays in normal mammary gland development and how Notch signalling is implicated in breast cancer tumorigenesis and progression. We will cover how Notch signalling controls several different hallmarks of cancer within epithelial cells with sections focussed on its roles in proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis. We will provide evidence for Notch signalling in the breast cancer stem cell phenotype, which also has implications for therapy resistance and disease relapse in breast cancer patients. Finally, we will summarise the developments in therapeutic targeting of Notch signalling, and the pros and cons of this approach for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Edwards
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Brennan
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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18
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Aggarwal V, Tuli HS, Varol M, Tuorkey M, Sak K, Parashar NC, Barwal TS, Sharma U, Iqubal A, Parashar G, Jain A. NOTCH signaling: Journey of an evolutionarily conserved pathway in driving tumor progression and its modulation as a therapeutic target. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 164:103403. [PMID: 34214610 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling, an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade, is critical for normal biological processes of cell differentiation, development, and homeostasis. Deregulation of the Notch signaling pathway has been associated with tumor progression. Thus, Notch presents as an interesting target for a variety of cancer subtypes and its signaling mechanisms have been actively explored from the therapeutic viewpoint. However, besides acting as an oncogene, Notch pathway can possess also tumor suppressive functions, being implicated in inhibition of cancer development. Given such interesting dual and dynamic role of Notch, in this review, we discuss how the evolutionarily conserved Notch signaling pathway drives hallmarks of tumor progression and how it could be targeted for a promising treatment and management of cancer. In addition, the up-to-date information on the inhibitors currently under clinical trials for Notch targets is presented along with how NOTCH inhibitors can be used in conjunction with established chemotherapy/radiotherapy regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133 207, Haryana, India.
| | - Mehmet Varol
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, TR48000, Turkey.
| | - Muobarak Tuorkey
- Division of Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.
| | | | - Nidarshana Chaturvedi Parashar
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133 207, Haryana, India.
| | - Tushar Singh Barwal
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Village-Ghudda, 151 401, Punjab, India.
| | - Uttam Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Village-Ghudda, 151 401, Punjab, India.
| | - Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Formerly Faculty of Pharmacy), Jamia Hamdard (Deemed to be University), Delhi, India.
| | - Gaurav Parashar
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133 207, Haryana, India.
| | - Aklank Jain
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Village-Ghudda, 151 401, Punjab, India.
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19
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Drug Resistance in Metastatic Breast Cancer: Tumor Targeted Nanomedicine to the Rescue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094673. [PMID: 33925129 PMCID: PMC8125767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, specifically metastatic breast, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women. This is mainly due to relapse and reoccurrence of tumor. The primary reason for cancer relapse is the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) hampering the treatment and prognosis. MDR can occur due to a multitude of molecular events, including increased expression of efflux transporters such as P-gp, BCRP, or MRP1; epithelial to mesenchymal transition; and resistance development in breast cancer stem cells. Excessive dose dumping in chemotherapy can cause intrinsic anti-cancer MDR to appear prior to chemotherapy and after the treatment. Hence, novel targeted nanomedicines encapsulating chemotherapeutics and gene therapy products may assist to overcome cancer drug resistance. Targeted nanomedicines offer innovative strategies to overcome the limitations of conventional chemotherapy while permitting enhanced selectivity to cancer cells. Targeted nanotheranostics permit targeted drug release, precise breast cancer diagnosis, and importantly, the ability to overcome MDR. The article discusses various nanomedicines designed to selectively target breast cancer, triple negative breast cancer, and breast cancer stem cells. In addition, the review discusses recent approaches, including combination nanoparticles (NPs), theranostic NPs, and stimuli sensitive or “smart” NPs. Recent innovations in microRNA NPs and personalized medicine NPs are also discussed. Future perspective research for complex targeted and multi-stage responsive nanomedicines for metastatic breast cancer is discussed.
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20
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Kumar V, Vashishta M, Kong L, Wu X, Lu JJ, Guha C, Dwarakanath BS. The Role of Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt Signaling Pathways in the Resistance of Tumors to Anticancer Therapies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:650772. [PMID: 33968932 PMCID: PMC8100510 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.650772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to therapy is the major hurdle in the current cancer management. Cancer cells often rewire their cellular process to alternate mechanisms to resist the deleterious effect mounted by different therapeutic approaches. The major signaling pathways involved in the developmental process, such as Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt, play a vital role in development, tumorigenesis, and also in the resistance to the various anticancer therapies. Understanding how cancer utilizes these developmental pathways in acquiring the resistance to the multi-therapeutic approach cancer can give rise to a new insight of the anti-therapy resistance mechanisms, which can be explored for the development of a novel therapeutic approach. We present a brief overview of Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt signaling pathways in cancer and its role in providing resistance to various cancer treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Understanding the importance of these molecular networks will provide a rational basis for novel and safer combined anticancer therapeutic approaches for the improvement of cancer treatment by overcoming drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar
- R&D Dept, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center (SPHIC), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
| | - Mohit Vashishta
- R&D Dept, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center (SPHIC), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Kong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- R&D Dept, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center (SPHIC), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiade J Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chandan Guha
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, United States
| | - B S Dwarakanath
- R&D Dept, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center (SPHIC), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
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21
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Nagaoka K, Ogawa K, Ji C, Cao KY, Bai X, Mulla J, Cheng Z, Wands JR, Huang CK. Targeting Aspartate Beta-Hydroxylase with the Small Molecule Inhibitor MO-I-1182 Suppresses Cholangiocarcinoma Metastasis. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:1080-1089. [PMID: 32445050 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma is a devastating disease with a 2% 5-year survival if the disease has spread outside the liver. The enzyme aspartate beta-hydroxylase (ASPH) has been demonstrated to be highly expressed in cholangiocarcinoma but not in normal bile ducts and found to stimulate tumor cell migration. In addition, it was found that targeting ASPH inhibits cholangiocarcinoma malignant progression. However, it is not clear whether targeting ASPH with the small molecule inhibitor MO-I-1182 suppresses cholangiocarcinoma metastasis. The current study aims to study the efficacy of MO-I-1182 in suppressing cholangiocarcinoma metastasis. METHODS The analysis was performed in vitro and in vivo with a preclinical animal model by using molecular and biochemical strategies to regulate ASPH expression and function. RESULTS Knockdown of ASPH substantially inhibited cell migration and invasion in two human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. Targeting ASPH with a small molecule inhibitor suppressed cholangiocarcinoma progression. Molecular mechanism studies demonstrated that knockdown of ASPH subsequently suppressed protein levels of the matrix metalloproteinases. The ASPH knockdown experiments suggest that this enzyme may modulate cholangiocarcinoma metastasis by regulating matrix metalloproteinases expression. Furthermore, using an ASPH inhibitor in a rat cholangiocarcinoma intrahepatic model established with BED-Neu-CL#24 cholangiocarcinoma cells, it was found that targeting ASPH inhibited intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma metastasis and downstream expression of the matrix metalloproteinases. CONCLUSION ASPH may modulate cholangiocarcinoma metastasis via matrix metalloproteinases expression. Taken together, targeting ASPH function may inhibit intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma metastasis and improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Nagaoka
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, 55 Claverick St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Kousuke Ogawa
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, 55 Claverick St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Chengcheng Ji
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, 55 Claverick St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Kevin Y Cao
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, 55 Claverick St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Xuewei Bai
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, 55 Claverick St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Joud Mulla
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, 55 Claverick St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Zhixiang Cheng
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, 55 Claverick St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Jack R Wands
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, 55 Claverick St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Chiung-Kuei Huang
- Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Research Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, 55 Claverick St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
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22
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Context Matters: NOTCH Signatures and Pathway in Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010094. [PMID: 33430387 PMCID: PMC7827494 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is a critical player in embryogenesis but also plays various roles in tumorigenesis, with both tumor suppressor and oncogenic activities. Mutations, deletions, amplifications, or over-expression of Notch receptors, ligands, and a growing list of downstream Notch-activated genes have by now been described for most human cancer types. Yet, it often remains unclear what may be the functional impact of these changes for tumor biology, initiation, and progression, for cancer therapy, and for personalized medicine. Emerging data indicate that Notch signaling can also contribute to increased aggressive properties such as invasion, tumor heterogeneity, angiogenesis, or tumor cell dormancy within solid cancer tissues; especially in epithelial cancers, which are in the center of this review. Notch further supports the “stemness” of cancer cells and helps define the stem cell niche for their long-term survival, by integrating the interaction between cancer cells and the cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME). The complexity of Notch crosstalk with other signaling pathways and its roles in cell fate and trans-differentiation processes such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) point to this pathway as a decisive player that may tip the balance between tumor suppression and promotion, differentiation and invasion. Here we not only review the literature, but also explore genomic databases with a specific focus on Notch signatures, and how they relate to different stages in tumor development. Altered Notch signaling hereby plays a key role for tumor cell survival and coping with a broad spectrum of vital issues, contributing to failed therapies, poor patient outcome, and loss of lives.
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23
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Shen Q, Reedijk M. Notch Signaling and the Breast Cancer Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1287:183-200. [PMID: 33034033 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55031-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Notch promotes breast cancer progression through tumor initiating cell maintenance, tumor cell fate specification, proliferation, survival, and motility. In addition, Notch is recognized as a decisive mechanism in regulating various juxtacrine and paracrine communications in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this chapter, we review recent studies on stress-mediated Notch activation within the TME and sequelae such as angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, changes in the innate and adaptive immunophenotype, and therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Reedijk
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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24
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Prospects of tangeretin as a modulator of cancer targets/pathways. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105202. [PMID: 32942013 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To date, cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide after cardiac arrest. A large number of synthetic drugs are available for the treatment of different types of cancer; however, a major problem associated with these drugs is its toxicity towards the normal cells. To overcome these problems, researchers explore plants derived phytochemicals because of their pleiotropic action and least toxicity towards the normal cells. Tangeretin is a polymethoxylated flavone found extensively in citrus fruits and has shown potent anti-cancer activity in different types of cancer cells. Hence, this review examines the anti-cancer activity of tangeretin via different molecular targets/pathways. Tangeretin induces apoptosis via intrinsic as well as extrinsic pathways and arrest the cell cycle. It also suppresses cell proliferation by modulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Notch, and MAPK signalling pathways. Besides, it induces autophagic cell death, suppresses migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Further, the role of tangeretin in multi-drug resistance and combination therapy, different biological sources of tangeretin, its derivatives, and pharmacokinetics profile and toxicity studies are also discussed. Towards the end, the challenges associated with tangeretin usage as potential anti-cancer phytochemicals have also been discussed. Tangeretin, like a pandora's box, needs to be explored further, and more research is warranted to improve its usefulness for better human health.
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Elsherbiny NM, El-Sherbiny M, Zaitone SA. Diallyl trisulfide potentiates chemotherapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin in experimentally induced mammary carcinoma: Role of Notch signaling. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153139. [PMID: 32853959 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of breast cancer is remarkably increasing worldwide. Therefore, introduction of new approaches along with improvement of the existing ones in cancer treatment field is of great demand. The present study was designated to investigate the anti-proliferative role of Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) alone or in combination with Doxorubicin (Doxo) in Ehrlich solid carcinoma (ESC)-bearing mice. ESC was induced in female albino mice as an experimental model for breast cancer. The anti-tumorigenic effect of DATS was mediated by suppression of Notch signaling proteins (Notch 1, JAG 1 and HES 1), attenuation of tumor inflammation (NFκB, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) and proliferation (cyclin D1, Ki67) and enhancement of apoptosis (caspase 3, p53). DATS and Doxo mono-treatments displayed opposing effect regarding expression of Notch signaling proteins and cyclin D1 gene expression. However, DATS and Doxo co-treatment markedly decreased tumor volume and weight, increased animals' survival rate, and attenuated Doxo-induced tumor inflammation. In parallel, microscopic investigation displayed that ESC tumor tissues from animals treated with DATS and/or DOX showed shrinkage of tumor lesions and wider zones of apoptosis. In conclusion, DATS acts via multiple molecular targets to elicit anti-proliferative activity. Combination of DATS with Doxo -which exhibit different mechanisms of action- might be a potential novel strategy to augment Doxo-antitumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal M Elsherbiny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Anatomy, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt; Almaarefa University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sawsan A Zaitone
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Study of the Anatomical Structure of the Nasopharyngeal Cavity and Distribution of the Air Flow Field. J Craniofac Surg 2020; 31:1937-1941. [PMID: 32657986 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000006746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To build a biomechanical numerical model of the nasopharynx, construct an accurate computerized numerical description of its specific anatomical structures, analyze the distribution of air flow field, starting with the anatomical structure of the pharyngeal recess, correlate its anatomical characteristics with the occurrence and development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma from the perspective of biomechanics. In this study, the nasal and nasopharyngeal cavities of healthy male adult, with the pharyngeal recess in an open state, were scanned by CT to obtain DICOM imaging data. Then, they were imported into Mimics 20.0 to build a model which was recorded in binary STL format. Each file was imported into Geomagic studio 12.0 to construct a 3D model saved in an IGES format. Then, it was imported into ANSYS Workbench for numerical simulation of air flow field. The authors found that:Above all, the causes and pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma can be identified from the perspective of biomechanics through the construction of a 3D model and analysis of the characteristics of air flow field. With more in-depth research, it is expected that a more solid scientific foundation will be created for related quantitative analysis.
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Abstract
Notch pathway signaling is implicated in several human cancers. Aberrant activation and mutations of Notch signaling components are linked to tumor initiation, maintenance, and resistance to cancer therapy. Several strategies, such as monoclonal antibodies against Notch ligands and receptors, as well as small-molecule γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs), have been developed to interfere with Notch receptor activation at proximal points in the pathway. However, the use of drug-like small molecules to target the downstream mediators of Notch signaling, the Notch transcription activation complex, remains largely unexplored. Here, we report the discovery of an orally active small-molecule inhibitor (termed CB-103) of the Notch transcription activation complex. We show that CB-103 inhibits Notch signaling in primary human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and other Notch-dependent human tumor cell lines, and concomitantly induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, thereby impairing proliferation, including in GSI-resistant human tumor cell lines with chromosomal translocations and rearrangements in Notch genes. CB-103 produces Notch loss-of-function phenotypes in flies and mice and inhibits the growth of human breast cancer and leukemia xenografts, notably without causing the dose-limiting intestinal toxicity associated with other Notch inhibitors. Thus, we describe a pharmacological strategy that interferes with Notch signaling by disrupting the Notch transcription complex and shows therapeutic potential for treating Notch-driven cancers.
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Liubomirski Y, Ben-Baruch A. Notch-Inflammation Networks in Regulation of Breast Cancer Progression. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071576. [PMID: 32605277 PMCID: PMC7407628 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Notch family and chronic inflammation were each separately demonstrated to have prominent malignancy-supporting roles in breast cancer. Recent investigations indicate that bi-directional interactions that exist between these two pathways promote the malignancy phenotype of breast tumor cells and of their tumor microenvironment. In this review article, we demonstrate the importance of Notch-inflammation interplays in malignancy by describing three key networks that act in breast cancer and their impacts on functions that contribute to disease progression: (1) Cross-talks of the Notch pathway with myeloid cells that are important players in cancer-related inflammation, focusing mainly on macrophages; (2) Cross-talks of the Notch pathway with pro-inflammatory factors, exemplified mainly by Notch interactions with interleukin 6 and its downstream pathways (STAT3); (3) Cross-talks of the Notch pathway with typical inflammatory transcription factors, primarily NF-κB. These three networks enhance tumor-promoting functions in different breast tumor subtypes and act in reciprocal manners, whereby Notch family members activate inflammatory elements and vice versa. These characteristics illustrate the fundamental roles played by Notch-inflammation interactions in elevating breast cancer progression and propose that joint targeting of both pathways together may provide more effective and less toxic treatment approaches in this disease.
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El-Shafey ES, Elsherbiny ES. Possible Selective Cytotoxicity of Vanadium Complex on Breast Cancer Cells Involving Pathophysiological Pathways. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:2130-2139. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191024122117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Triple-Negative Breast Cancers (TNBC) are among the most aggressive and therapyresistant
breast tumors. Development of new treatment strategies that target pathways involved in cancer cells
resistance is an attractive candidate to overcome therapeutic resistance.
Objective:
To clarify the antitumor activity of [VO (bpy)2 Cl] Cl complex as a new therapeutic agent through
studying the interplay between apoptosis, autophagy and notch signaling pathways.
Methods:
Proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells and IC50 value of the vanadium complex were assessed by MTT
assay. Flow cytometry was utilized to detect cell cycle distribution, apoptosis assay, LC3 levels and Acid
Vascular Organelles (AVOs). Caspase 3 levels were detected by ELISA. Changes in Notch1 gene expression
were assessed by real-time PCR. AVOs qualitative detection was assessed by a fluorescence microscope.
Results:
The growth of MDA-MB-231 cells was suppressed after treatment with [VO (bpy)2 Cl] Cl complex, in
a dose-dependent manner. The affinity for apoptotic cell death induction was shown through the increase in the
sub G0 peak, the percentage of early and late apoptotic phases, and the elevation in caspase 3 levels. The affinity
for autophagic cell death induction was observed through the increase in the G0/G1 phase, G2/M arrest, the
increase of AVOs red fluorescence and elevated LC3 levels. The affinity for notch pathway inhibition was
shown through the suppression of Notch 1 gene expression.
Conclusion:
[VO (bpy)2 Cl] Cl complex could be a promising candidate as therapeutic agent targeting different
therapeutic targets including apoptosis, autophagy and notch signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman S. El-Shafey
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Eslam S. Elsherbiny
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
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A "NOTCH" Deeper into the Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) Program in Breast Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10120961. [PMID: 31766724 PMCID: PMC6947643 DOI: 10.3390/genes10120961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is a primitive signaling pathway having various roles in the normal origin and development of each multicellular organisms. Therefore, any aberration in the pathway will inevitably lead to deadly outcomes such as cancer. It has now been more than two decades since Notch was acknowledged as an oncogene in mouse mammary tumor virus-infected mice. Since that discovery, activated Notch signaling and consequent up-regulation of tumor-promoting Notch target genes have been observed in human breast cancer. Moreover, consistent over-expression of Notch ligands and receptors has been shown to correlate with poor prognosis in human breast cancer. Notch regulates a number of key processes during breast carcinogenesis, of which, one key phenomenon is epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is a key process for large-scale cell movement during morphogenesis at the time of embryonic development. Cancer cells aided by transcription factors usurp this developmental program to execute the multi-step process of tumorigenesis and metastasis. In this review, we recapitulate recent progress in breast cancer research that has provided new perceptions into the molecular mechanisms behind Notch-mediated EMT regulation during breast tumorigenesis.
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Li L, Tang P, Zhou Z, Wang Q, Xu T, Zhao S, Huang Y, Kong F, Liu W, Cheng L, Zhou Z, Zhao X, Gu C, Luo Y, Tao G, Qian D, Chen J, Fan J, Yin G. GIT1 regulates angiogenic factor secretion in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via NF-κB/Notch signalling to promote angiogenesis. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12689. [PMID: 31502302 PMCID: PMC6869488 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Osteogenesis is coupled with angiogenesis during bone remodelling. G‐protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase 2‐interacting protein‐1 (GIT1) is an important protein that participates in fracture healing by regulating angiogenesis. This study investigated whether GIT1 could affect bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to secrete angiogenic factors to enhance fracture healing by promoting angiogenesis and its possible mechanism. Materials and methods The angiogenesis of mice post‐fracture was detected by micro‐CT and immunofluorescence. Subsequently, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level in mouse and human BMSCs (hBMSCs) under TNF‐α stimulation was detected. The hBMSCs were transfected with GIT1 shRNAs to further explore the relationship between GIT1 and VEGF and angiogenesis in vitro. Furthermore, based on previous research on GIT1, possible signal pathways were investigated. Results GIT1 knockout mice exhibited impaired angiogenesis and delayed fracture healing. And GIT1 deficiency remarkably reduced the expression of VEGF mRNA in BMSCs, which affected the proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. GIT1 knockdown inhibited the activation of Notch and NF‐κB signals by decreasing nuclear transportation of NICD and P65/P50, respectively. Overexpression of the canonical NF‐κB subunits P65 and P50 markedly increased NICD‐dependent activation of recombination signal‐binding protein‐jκ reporter. Finally, GIT1 enhanced the affinity of NF‐κB essential modulator (NEMO) for K63‐linked ubiquitin chains via interaction with NEMO coiled‐coil 2 domains. Conclusion These data revealed a positive role for GIT1 by modulating the Notch/NF‐κB signals which promoting paracrine of BMSCs to enhance angiogenesis and fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Li
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengyu Tang
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shujie Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Huang
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fanqi Kong
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhimin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changjiang Gu
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongjun Luo
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gaojian Tao
- Department of Pain, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dingfei Qian
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoyong Yin
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang Y, Xie ZY, Guo XT, Xiao XH, Xiong LX. Notch and breast cancer metastasis: Current knowledge, new sights and targeted therapy. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:2743-2755. [PMID: 31452752 PMCID: PMC6704289 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of invasive cancer in females and metastasis is one of the major causes of breast cancer-associated mortality. Following detachment from the primary site, disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) enter the bloodstream and establish secondary colonies during the metastatic process. An increasing amount of studies have elucidated the importance of Notch signaling in breast cancer metastasis; therefore, the present review focuses on the mechanisms by which Notch contributes to the occurrence of breast cancer DTCs, increases their motility, establishes interactions with the tumor microenvironment, protects DTCs from host surveillance and finally facilitates secondary colonization. Identification of the underlying mechanisms of Notch-associated breast cancer metastasis will provide additional insights that may contribute towards the development of novel Notch-targeted therapeutic strategies, which may aid in reducing metastasis, culminating in an improved patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Yan Xie
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xuan-Tong Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Hua Xiao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Li-Xia Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Additive Pharmacological Interaction between Cisplatin (CDDP) and Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors (HDIs) in MDA-MB-231 Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Cells with Altered Notch1 Activity-An Isobolographic Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153663. [PMID: 31357442 PMCID: PMC6696008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the Notch1 activity level on the pharmacological interaction between cisplatin (CDDP) and two histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs)-valproic acid (VPA) and vorinostat (SAHA) in the triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Stable breast cancer (BC) cell lines with increased and decreased activity of Notch1 were generated using a transfection method. The type of interaction between CDDP and the HDIs was determined by isobolographic analysis of cell proliferation in MDA-MB-231 cells with differential levels of Notch1 activity in vitro. The combination of CDDP/SAHA and CDDP/VPA in the MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells with increased activity of Notch1, as well as CDDP/VPA in the MDA-MB-231 cells with decreased activity of Notch1, yielded an additive interaction, whereas additivity with a tendency towards antagonism was observed for the combination of CDDP/SAHA in MDA-MB-231 cells with the decreased activity of Notch1. Our studies demonstrated that SAHA and VPA might be considered as potential therapeutic agents in combination therapy with CDDP against TNBC with altered Notch1 activity.
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Rajarajan D, Selvarajan S, Charan Raja MR, Kar Mahapatra S, Kasiappan R. Genome-wide analysis reveals miR-3184-5p and miR-181c-3p as a critical regulator for adipocytes-associated breast cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:17959-17974. [PMID: 30847933 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is considered as an independent risk factor for breast cancer (BCa) and plays a major role in the breast tumor microenvironment. The etiology and mechanisms by which obesity contributes to BCa development is not yet understood. Herein, we show that in vitro coculture of BCa cells with mature adipocytes (MA-BCa) increased proliferation, migration, and invasive phenotype of BCa cells. MA-BCa coculture led to increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. To identify microRNAs (miRNAs) in BCa cells that are modulated by the presence of adipocytes, we used small RNA sequencing analysis. Sequencing data revealed that 98 miRNAs were differentially expressed in MA-BCa. Among them, miR-3184-5p and miR-181c-3p were found to be the most upregulated and downregulated miRNAs, and direct targets are FOXP4 and PPARα, respectively. In vitro functional assays using a combination of miR-3184-5p inhibitor and miR-181c-3p mimic synergistically decreased adipocytes-induced cell proliferation and invasive capacity of BCa cells. Gene Set Enrichment analysis indicated that transcription factors were highly enriched followed by protein kinases, oncogene, and protein regulators in MA-BCa. GeneGo Metacore pathway analysis uncovered "NOTCH-induced EMT pathway" was found to be the most abundant in MA-BCa. Consistently, epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated markers were also increased in MA-BCa. The disease enrichment analysis of the predict target genes revealed that diabetes mellitus was significantly affected disease in MA-BCa. Taken together, our data suggest that miRNA-based regulatory mechanism associated with deregulation of pathways and biological functions orchestrated by adipocytes-secreted factors might drive the BCa progression and metastasis in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheeran Rajarajan
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sweetha Selvarajan
- Department of Biochemistry, The Graduate Centre of the City University of New York (CUNY), New York
| | - Mamilla R Charan Raja
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed To Be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Santanu Kar Mahapatra
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed To Be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Ravi Kasiappan
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Zheng J, Zhang S, Wang T. Expression of Notch-1 and nuclear factor-κB signal pathway in myocardial cells of coronary heart disease rats. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:1587-1592. [PMID: 30783425 PMCID: PMC6364241 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.7123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression changes of Notch-1 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in cardiomyocytes from coronary heart disease (CHD) rats were investigated. The CHD model established by high-fat diet in 48 clean SD rats was set as the observation group, and another 48 healthy rats routinely fed were the control group. Rats were sacrificed on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, and 14th days after successful modeling. The rat myocardial cells were harvested to examine the changes of Notch-1 and NF-κB using immunoblot (western blot analysis) and TUNEL assay. Cardiomyocyte apoptotic rate, by Pearson's correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between Notch-1 and NF-κB. With the prolongation of the course of CHD in rats, the expression levels of Notch-1 and NF-κB proteins gradually increased, and the expression in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). On the seventh day, the expression levels of Notch-1 and NF-κB protein in the rats in the observation group showed significant difference from those on day 1 and day 3 (P<0.05), and they were significantly different on the 7th and 14th days (P<0.05). There was no correlation between the expression level of the two proteins with the age and sex of the rats. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that Notch-1 was positively correlated with NF-κB protein (r=0.745, P=0.005). The results of myocardial apoptosis test showed that with the prolongation of the CHD course in the rats of the observation group, the cardiomyocyte apoptosis rate did not differ from the control group. The expression of Notch-1 and NF-κB protein is increased in cardiomyocytes of CHD rats. Notch-1 and NF-κB participate in the occurrence and development of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Shufeng Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
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Yuan L, Ma L, Xue H, Song S. Relationship between the upregulation of Notch1 signaling and the clinical characteristics of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma in East Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:5. [PMID: 30622441 PMCID: PMC6317185 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have aimed to clarify the relationship between Notch1 signaling and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), but the results have been inconsistent to date. In the present study, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to analyze the relationship between Notch1 signaling and the clinical characteristics of PTC. Methods Literature databases, including PubMed (Medline), Embase and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, were searched for relevant studies from inception to April 2018. A total of five studies, including 421 patients with PTC from China and South Korea, were included in the meta-analysis. Results The results revealed that the upregulation of Notch1 signaling was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis in patients with PTC (OR = 3.25, 95% CI 1.14–9.23, P = 0.03). Additionally, positive correlations were found between Notch1 signaling and tumor size (OR = 4.34, 95% CI 1.66–11.38, P = 0.003), capsular invasion (OR = 3.49, 95% CI 1.90–6.41, P < 0.0001) and clinical stage of PTC (OR = 2.31, 95% CI 1.05–5.11, P = 0.04). Conclusions The Notch1 signaling pathway may play a catalytic role in the progression of PTC, and upregulation of Notch1 signaling may have significant predictive value for the clinical prognosis of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libing Yuan
- 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661 Second Huanghe Road, Binzhou, 256603 People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Ma
- 2Department of Dermatology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Haibo Xue
- 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661 Second Huanghe Road, Binzhou, 256603 People's Republic of China
| | - Shoujun Song
- 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661 Second Huanghe Road, Binzhou, 256603 People's Republic of China
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Mollen EWJ, Ient J, Tjan-Heijnen VCG, Boersma LJ, Miele L, Smidt ML, Vooijs MAGG. Moving Breast Cancer Therapy up a Notch. Front Oncol 2018; 8:518. [PMID: 30515368 PMCID: PMC6256059 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most common malignancy, worldwide. Treatment decisions are based on tumor stage, histological subtype, and receptor expression and include combinations of surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic treatment. These, together with earlier diagnosis, have resulted in increased survival. However, initial treatment efficacy cannot be guaranteed upfront, and these treatments may come with (long-term) serious adverse effects, negatively affecting a patient's quality of life. Gene expression-based tests can accurately estimate the risk of recurrence in early stage breast cancers. Disease recurrence correlates with treatment resistance, creating a major need to resensitize tumors to treatment. Notch signaling is frequently deregulated in cancer and is involved in treatment resistance. Preclinical research has already identified many combinatory therapeutic options where Notch involvement enhances the effectiveness of radiotherapy, chemotherapy or targeted therapies for breast cancer. However, the benefit of targeting Notch has remained clinically inconclusive. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on targeting the Notch pathway to enhance current treatments for breast cancer and to combat treatment resistance. Furthermore, we propose mechanisms to further exploit Notch-based therapeutics in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik W J Mollen
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Ient
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Vivianne C G Tjan-Heijnen
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth J Boersma
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lucio Miele
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Marjolein L Smidt
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marc A G G Vooijs
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Tan Y, Wang Q, Xie Y, Qiao X, Zhang S, Wang Y, Yang Y, Zhang B. Identification of FOXM1 as a specific marker for triple‑negative breast cancer. Int J Oncol 2018; 54:87-97. [PMID: 30365046 PMCID: PMC6254995 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify the therapeutic role of the forkhead box M1 (FOXM1)-associated pathway in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Using a Cancer Landscapes-based analysis, a gene regulatory network model was constructed. The present results demonstrated that FOXM1 occupies a key position in gene networks and is a critical regulatory gene in breast cancer. Using breast carcinoma gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, it was identified that FOXM1 expression was increased in the basal-like breast cancer subtype compared with other breast cancer subtypes. RNA-sequencing analysis of MDA-MB-231 cells treated with 4 and 10 µl/ml Thiostrepton identified 662 and 5,888 significantly differentially expressed genes, respectively. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses demonstrated that FOXM1 was highly associated with multiple biological processes and was markedly associated with metabolic pathways in TNBC. The use of Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins provided a critical assessment and integration of protein-protein interactions, and demonstrated the multiple important functions of FOXM1 in TNBC. Real-time cell analysis, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence staining were used to assess the anti-tumor activity of Thiostrepton in TNBC cells in vitro. The present results identified that suppression of FOXM1 using Thiostrepton inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation and the expression of cell cycle-associated genes, including cyclin A2, cyclin B2, checkpoint kinase 1, centrosomal protein 55 and polo like kinase 1. Immunofluorescence staining analysis demonstrated that vimentin, filamentous actin and zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 were all decreased following treatment with Thiostrepton. Furthermore, a BALB/C nude mouse subcutaneous xenograft model was used to verify the function of FOXM1 in vivo. The present results demonstrated that FOXM1 inhibition significantly suppressed MDA-MB-231 cell tumorigenesis in vivo. Overall, the present results suggested that FOXM1 is a key gene that serves important roles in multiple biological processes in TNBC and that it may serve as a novel therapeutic target in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Tan
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Qixue Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yingbin Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Qiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Yongbin Yang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei University Medical College, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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Kim DH, Yoon HJ, Cha YN, Surh YJ. Role of heme oxygenase-1 and its reaction product, carbon monoxide, in manifestation of breast cancer stem cell-like properties: Notch-1 as a putative target. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:1336-1347. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1473571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hee Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Yoon
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Nam Cha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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De Robertis M, Poeta ML, Signori E, Fazio VM. Current understanding and clinical utility of miRNAs regulation of colon cancer stem cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:232-247. [PMID: 30130662 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) in colorectal tumorigenesis are suggested to be responsible for initiation, development and propagation of colorectal cancer (CRC) and have been extensively characterized by the expression of phenotypic determinants, such as surface or intracellular proteins. The generation of CSCs is likely due to a dysregulation of the signaling pathways that principally control self-renewal and pluripotency in normal intestinal stem cells (ISCs) through different (epi)genetic changes that define cell fate, identity, and phenotype of CSCs. These aspects are currently under intense investigation. In the framework of the oncogenic signaling pathways controlled by microRNAs (miRNAs) during CRC development, a plethora of data suggests that miRNAs can play a key role in several regulatory pathways involving CSCs biology, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, metastatization, and pharmacoresistance. This review examines the most relevant evidences about the role of miRNAs in the etiology of CRC, through the regulation of colon CSCs and the principal differences between colorectal CSCs and benign stem cells. In this perspective, the utility of the principal CSCs-related miRNAs changes is explored, emphasizing their use as potential biomarkers to aid in diagnosis, prognosis and predicting response to therapy in CRC patients, but also as promising targets for more effective and personalized anti-CRC treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela De Robertis
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Experimental Oncology, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Luana Poeta
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Emanuela Signori
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Experimental Oncology, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Vito Michele Fazio
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", viale dei Cappuccini, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
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Taming the Notch Transcriptional Regulator for Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020431. [PMID: 29462871 PMCID: PMC6017063 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Notch signaling is a highly conserved pathway in all metazoans, which is deeply involved in the regulation of cell fate and differentiation, proliferation and migration during development. Research in the last decades has shown that the various components of the Notch signaling cascade are either upregulated or activated in human cancers. Therefore, its downregulation stands as a promising and powerful strategy for cancer therapy. Here, we discuss the recent advances in the development of small molecule inhibitors, blocking antibodies and oligonucleotides that hinder Notch activity, and their outcome in clinical trials. Although Notch was initially identified as an oncogene, later studies showed that it can also act as a tumor suppressor in certain contexts. Further complexity is added by the existence of numerous Notch family members, which exert different activities and can be differentially targeted by inhibitors, potentially accounting for contradictory data on their therapeutic efficacy. Notably, recent evidence supports the rationale for combinatorial treatments including Notch inhibitors, which appear to be more effective than single agents in fighting cancer.
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Gan RH, Wei H, Xie J, Zheng DP, Luo EL, Huang XY, Xie J, Zhao Y, Ding LC, Su BH, Lin LS, Zheng DL, Lu YG. Notch1 regulates tongue cancer cells proliferation, apoptosis and invasion. Cell Cycle 2017; 17:216-224. [PMID: 29117785 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1395534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Notch1 regulates tumor biology in a complex, context-dependent manner. The roles of Notch1 in tongue cancer are still controversial. The aim of this study is to investigate the roles of Notch1 in tongue cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of Notch1 was tested between tongue cancer and normal samples by using immunohistochemistry. Tongue cancer cells were transfected with siRNA or plasmid, respectively. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion ability were tested in appropriate ways. The subcutaneous tumor model was established to observe the tumor growth. RESULTS Notch1 was upregulated in tongue carcinoma tissues and the expression of Notch1 was related with tumor stage and differentiation. Overexpression of Notch1 could increase tongue cancer cells proliferation, invasion and migration. But inhibited the expression of Notch1 could decrease cells proliferation, invasion and migration and promote cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Our results prove that the oncogenic role of Notch1 in tongue cancer and provide the direction of targeted therapy of tongue cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Huan Gan
- a Department of Preventive Dentistry , Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University , 246 Yang Qiao Middle Road, Fuzhou 350000 , China.,b Key laboratory of stomatology , Fujian Province University , 88 Jiao Tong Road, Fuzhou 350004 , China
| | - Hua Wei
- c The School of Basic Medical Science , Fujian Medical University , 1 Xue Yuan Road, Shang Jie Town, Min Hou County, Fuzhou 350000 , China
| | - Jing Xie
- a Department of Preventive Dentistry , Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University , 246 Yang Qiao Middle Road, Fuzhou 350000 , China.,b Key laboratory of stomatology , Fujian Province University , 88 Jiao Tong Road, Fuzhou 350004 , China
| | - Dan-Ping Zheng
- a Department of Preventive Dentistry , Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University , 246 Yang Qiao Middle Road, Fuzhou 350000 , China.,b Key laboratory of stomatology , Fujian Province University , 88 Jiao Tong Road, Fuzhou 350004 , China
| | - Er-Ling Luo
- a Department of Preventive Dentistry , Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University , 246 Yang Qiao Middle Road, Fuzhou 350000 , China.,b Key laboratory of stomatology , Fujian Province University , 88 Jiao Tong Road, Fuzhou 350004 , China
| | - Xiao-Yu Huang
- a Department of Preventive Dentistry , Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University , 246 Yang Qiao Middle Road, Fuzhou 350000 , China.,b Key laboratory of stomatology , Fujian Province University , 88 Jiao Tong Road, Fuzhou 350004 , China
| | - Jian Xie
- a Department of Preventive Dentistry , Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University , 246 Yang Qiao Middle Road, Fuzhou 350000 , China.,b Key laboratory of stomatology , Fujian Province University , 88 Jiao Tong Road, Fuzhou 350004 , China
| | - Yong Zhao
- b Key laboratory of stomatology , Fujian Province University , 88 Jiao Tong Road, Fuzhou 350004 , China.,d Department of Pathology , Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University , 246 Yang Qiao Middle Road, Fuzhou 350000 , China
| | - Lin-Can Ding
- a Department of Preventive Dentistry , Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University , 246 Yang Qiao Middle Road, Fuzhou 350000 , China.,b Key laboratory of stomatology , Fujian Province University , 88 Jiao Tong Road, Fuzhou 350004 , China
| | - Bo-Hua Su
- a Department of Preventive Dentistry , Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University , 246 Yang Qiao Middle Road, Fuzhou 350000 , China.,b Key laboratory of stomatology , Fujian Province University , 88 Jiao Tong Road, Fuzhou 350004 , China
| | - Li-Song Lin
- e Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , Affiliated First Hospital of Fujian Medical University , 20 Cha Zhong Road, Fuzhou 350000 , China
| | - Da-Li Zheng
- f Department of Molecular Medicine , University of South Florida , 19202 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa , FL 33613 , United States
| | - You-Guang Lu
- a Department of Preventive Dentistry , Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University , 246 Yang Qiao Middle Road, Fuzhou 350000 , China.,b Key laboratory of stomatology , Fujian Province University , 88 Jiao Tong Road, Fuzhou 350004 , China
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Biocompatibility of vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube scaffolds for human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Prog Biomater 2017; 6:189-196. [PMID: 29147947 PMCID: PMC5700912 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-017-0078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to determine whether the MWCNT-based scaffold has a suitable structure for cell growth and provides a biocompatible environment for human MDA-MB-231 cell lines. MWCNT-based nanostructured scaffolds were produced by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique. MDA-MB-231 cells were seeded on MWCNTs-textured silicon scaffolds and on pristine silicon surfaces. After 1 week of culturing, the scaffolds were prepared for SEM analysis and immunocytochemical staining was performed for the two groups (MWCNT scaffold and pristine silicon surface), using MMP-2, MMP-9, PI3K, AKT and NF-κB primary antibodies. SEM analyses showed that the MDA-MB-231 cells better adhered to the MWCNT-based nanostructured scaffold than the pristine silicon surface. Immunohistochemical activity of the MDA-MB-231 cells on both materials has similar staining with anti-AKT MMP-2, MMP-9 and NF-κB primary antibodies. Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that the MWCNT-based scaffolds enhanced cell adhesion to the scaffold and exhibited more biomimetic properties and physiological adaptation with the potential to be used for in vitro metastasis studies of BrCa cell lines.
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Zhang J, Yu K, Han X, Zhen L, Liu M, Zhang X, Ren Y, Shi J. Paeoniflorin influences breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion via inhibition of the Notch‑1 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1321-1325. [PMID: 29115554 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most frequently occurring malignant tumors affecting women's health. At least one million new cases are diagnosed each year. Therefore, research that aims to identify strategies that inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells has become a primary worldwide focus. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is regarded as a valuable resource in China, and numerous monomer compositions extracted from TCMs have been demonstrated to exhibit antitumor effects. The present study aimed to determine the impact of paeoniflorin (PF) on breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion, and to explore the mechanisms underlying its effects. Different concentrations of PF were applied to MCF‑7 cells at various time points and the Cell Counting kit‑8 assay was used to determine cell proliferation, a transwell invasion assay was employed to determine cell invasion, reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction was used to determine notch homolog‑1 (NOTCH‑1) and Hes family basic helix‑loop helix transcription factor (HES)‑1 mRNA expression levels, and western blotting was used to determine NOTCH‑1 and HES‑1 protein expression levels. The results demonstrated that PF inhibited the proliferation of MCF‑7 cells in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner. Following treatment with different concentrations of PF, the total number of cells present in the PF‑treated groups was significantly lower when compared with the untreated control group (P<0.05). With increasing doses of PF, the rate of cell invasion significantly decreased, indicating a dose‑dependent association. NOTCH‑1 and HES‑1 mRNA expression levels were reduced when compared with the untreated control group, which reached a statistical significance following treatment with 15 and 30 µM PF (P<0.05). NOTCH‑1 and HES‑1 protein levels demonstrated a similar trend to the mRNA levels, whereby an increase in the concentration of PF was associated with a decrease in NOTCH‑1 and HES‑1 protein expression levels. The results of the present study therefore suggest that PF may inhibit the proliferation and invasiveness of breast cancer cells via inhibition of the NOTCH‑1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xuzhou Tumor Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Kun Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Xuedong Han
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Zhen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Minmin Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Xiwen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Shi
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
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Raafat A, Bargo S, McCurdy D, Callahan R. The ANK repeats of Notch-4/Int3 activate NF-κB canonical pathway in the absence of Rbpj and causes mammary tumorigenesis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13690. [PMID: 29057904 PMCID: PMC5651869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13989-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic mice expressing the Notch-4 intracellular domain (designated Int3) in the mammary gland have two phenotypes exhibited with 100% penetrance: arrest of mammary alveolar/lobular development and mammary tumorigenesis. Notch-4 signaling is mediated primarily through the interaction of Int3 with the transcription repressor/activator Rbpj. Interestingly, WAP-Int3/Rbpj knockout mice have normal mammary gland development but still developed mammary tumors with a slightly longer latency than the WAP-Int3 mice. Thus, Notch-induced mammary tumor development is Rbpj-independent. Here, we show that Int3 activates NF-κB in HC11 cells in absence of Rbpj through an association with the IKK signalosome. Int3 induced the canonical NF-κB activity and P50 phosphorylation in HC11 cells without altering the NF-κB2 pathway. The minimal domain within the Int3 protein required to activate NF-κB consists of the CDC10/Ankyrin (ANK) repeats domain. Treatment of WAP-Int3 tumor bearing mice with an IKK inhibitor resulted in tumor regression. In a soft agar assay, treatment of HC11-Int3 cells with P50-siRNA caused a significant decrease in colony formation. In addition, Wap-Int3/P50 knockout mice did not develop mammary tumors. This data indicates that the activation of NF-κB canonical signaling by Notch-4/Int3 is ANK repeats dependent, Rbpj-independent, and is mediated by IKK activation and P50 phosphorylation causing mammary tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Raafat
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
| | - Sharon Bargo
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - David McCurdy
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Robert Callahan
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
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Fedele M, Cerchia L, Chiappetta G. The Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer: Focus on Basal-Like Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9100134. [PMID: 28974015 PMCID: PMC5664073 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that is characterized by a high grade of cell plasticity arising from the contribution of a diverse range of factors. When combined, these factors allow a cancer cell to transition from an epithelial to a mesenchymal state through a process of dedifferentiation that confers stem-like features, including chemoresistance, as well as the capacity to migrate and invade. Understanding the complex events that lead to the acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype will therefore help to design new therapies against metastatic breast cancer. Here, we recapitulate the main endogenous molecular signals involved in this process, and their cross-talk with paracrine factors. These signals and cross-talk include the extracellular matrix; the secretome of cancer-associated fibroblasts, macrophages, cancer stem cells, and cancer cells; and exosomes with their cargo of miRNAs. Finally, we highlight some of the more promising therapeutic perspectives based on counteracting the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Fedele
- CNR-Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Laura Cerchia
- CNR-Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gennaro Chiappetta
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale a Supporto dei Percorsi Oncologici, S.C. Genomica Funzionale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Brzozowa-Zasada M, Piecuch A, Michalski M, Segiet O, Kurek J, Harabin-Słowińska M, Wojnicz R. Notch and its oncogenic activity in human malignancies. Eur Surg 2017; 49:199-209. [PMID: 29104587 PMCID: PMC5653712 DOI: 10.1007/s10353-017-0491-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has demonstrated that Notch signaling is deregulated in human hematological malignancies and solid tumors. This signaling has a protumorigenic effect but may also act as a tumor suppressor. How induction of a single pathway gives rise to the opposite effects in different cell types is still unknown. METHODS This review article includes available data from peer-reviewed publications associated with the role of Notch signaling during cancer pathogenesis. RESULTS Numerous reports have indicated that alterations in Notch signaling and its oncogenic activity were originally associated with the pathogenesis of T‑cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL), an aggressive hematologic tumor affecting children and adolescents. The possibility that Notch could play a significant role in human breast cancer development comes from studies on mouse mammary tumor virus-induced cancer. Numerous findings over the past several years have indicated that alterations in Notch signaling are also responsible for ovarian cancer development. Mention should also be made of the connection between expression of Notch 3 and increased resistance to chemotherapy, which remains a major obstacle to successful treatment. Notch as an oncogenic factor is also involved in the development of colon cancer, lung carcinoma and Kaposi's sarcoma. CONCLUSION Notch is a binary cell fate determinant and its overexpression has been described as oncogenic in a wide array of human malignancies. This finding led to interest in therapeutically targeting this pathway, especially by the use of gamma-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) blocking the cleavage of Notch receptors at the cell membrane by the inhibition of Notch intracellular domain (NICD) releasing. Preclinical cancer models have revealed that GSIs suppress the growth of cancers such as pancreatic, breast and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Brzozowa-Zasada
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Adam Piecuch
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marek Michalski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Oliwia Segiet
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | | | - Marzena Harabin-Słowińska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Romuald Wojnicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
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Notch signaling pathway networks in cancer metastasis: a new target for cancer therapy. Med Oncol 2017; 34:180. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-1039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ventrella R, Kaplan N, Getsios S. Asymmetry at cell-cell interfaces direct cell sorting, boundary formation, and tissue morphogenesis. Exp Cell Res 2017; 358:58-64. [PMID: 28322822 PMCID: PMC5544567 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
During development, cells of seemingly homogenous character sort themselves out into distinct compartments in order to generate cell types with specialized features that support tissue morphogenesis and function. This process is often driven by receptors at the cell membrane that probe the extracellular microenvironment for specific ligands and alter downstream signaling pathways impacting transcription, cytoskeletal organization, and cell adhesion to regulate cell sorting and subsequent boundary formation. This review will focus on two of these receptor families, Eph and Notch, both of which are intrinsically non-adhesive and are activated by a unique set of ligands that are asymmetrically distributed from their receptor on neighboring cells. Understanding the requirement of asymmetric ligand-receptor signaling at the membrane under homeostatic conditions gives insight into how misregulation of these pathways contributes to boundary disruption in diseases like cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Ventrella
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nihal Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Spiro Getsios
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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50
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Horne HN, Chung CC, Zhang H, Yu K, Prokunina-Olsson L, Michailidou K, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Dennis J, Hopper JL, Southey MC, Schmidt MK, Broeks A, Muir K, Lophatananon A, Fasching PA, Beckmann MW, Fletcher O, Johnson N, Sawyer EJ, Tomlinson I, Burwinkel B, Marme F, Guénel P, Truong T, Bojesen SE, Flyger H, Benitez J, González-Neira A, Anton-Culver H, Neuhausen SL, Brenner H, Arndt V, Meindl A, Schmutzler RK, Brauch H, Hamann U, Nevanlinna H, Khan S, Matsuo K, Iwata H, Dörk T, Bogdanova NV, Lindblom A, Margolin S, Mannermaa A, Kosma VM, Chenevix-Trench G, Wu AH, ven den Berg D, Smeets A, Zhao H, Chang-Claude J, Rudolph A, Radice P, Barile M, Couch FJ, Vachon C, Giles GG, Milne RL, Haiman CA, Marchand LL, Goldberg MS, Teo SH, Taib NAM, Kristensen V, Borresen-Dale AL, Zheng W, Shrubsole M, Winqvist R, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Andrulis IL, Knight JA, Devilee P, Seynaeve C, García-Closas M, Czene K, Darabi H, Hollestelle A, Martens JWM, Li J, Lu W, Shu XO, Cox A, Cross SS, Blot W, Cai Q, Shah M, Luccarini C, Baynes C, Harrington P, Kang D, Choi JY, Hartman M, Chia KS, Kabisch M, Torres D, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Sangrajrang S, Brennan P, Slager S, Yannoukakos D, Shen CY, Hou MF, Swerdlow A, Orr N, Simard J, Hall P, Pharoah PDP, Easton DF, Chanock SJ, Dunning AM, Figueroa JD. Fine-Mapping of the 1p11.2 Breast Cancer Susceptibility Locus. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160316. [PMID: 27556229 PMCID: PMC4996485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility genome-wide association study (GWAS) originally identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs11249433 at 1p11.2 associated with breast cancer risk. To fine-map this locus, we genotyped 92 SNPs in a 900kb region (120,505,799-121,481,132) flanking rs11249433 in 45,276 breast cancer cases and 48,998 controls of European, Asian and African ancestry from 50 studies in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Genotyping was done using iCOGS, a custom-built array. Due to the complicated nature of the region on chr1p11.2: 120,300,000-120,505,798, that lies near the centromere and contains seven duplicated genomic segments, we restricted analyses to 429 SNPs excluding the duplicated regions (42 genotyped and 387 imputed). Per-allelic associations with breast cancer risk were estimated using logistic regression models adjusting for study and ancestry-specific principal components. The strongest association observed was with the original identified index SNP rs11249433 (minor allele frequency (MAF) 0.402; per-allele odds ratio (OR) = 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-1.13, P = 1.49 x 10-21). The association for rs11249433 was limited to ER-positive breast cancers (test for heterogeneity P≤8.41 x 10-5). Additional analyses by other tumor characteristics showed stronger associations with moderately/well differentiated tumors and tumors of lobular histology. Although no significant eQTL associations were observed, in silico analyses showed that rs11249433 was located in a region that is likely a weak enhancer/promoter. Fine-mapping analysis of the 1p11.2 breast cancer susceptibility locus confirms this region to be limited to risk to cancers that are ER-positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisani N. Horne
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States of America
- Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Charles C. Chung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Han Zhang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manjeet K. Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John L. Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marjanka K. Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, UK
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, UK
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Nichola Johnson
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Elinor J. Sawyer
- Research Oncology, Guy’s Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik Marme
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Stig E. Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Susan L. Neuhausen
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States of America
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rita K. Schmutzler
- Division of Molecular Gyneco-Oncology, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sofia Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroji Iwata
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology - Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | - Anna H. Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - David ven den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Ann Smeets
- University Hospital Gashuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hui Zhao
- Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Barile
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Celine Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
| | - Mark S. Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Soo H. Teo
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, KualaLumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur A. M. Taib
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, KualaLumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Lise Borresen-Dale
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Martha Shrubsole
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre NordLab, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julia A. Knight
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Seynaeve
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States of America
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hatef Darabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John W. M. Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jingmei Li
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wei Lu
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon S. Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - William Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Craig Luccarini
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Caroline Baynes
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patricia Harrington
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mikael Hartman
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kee Seng Chia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maria Kabisch
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Diana Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Susan Slager
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, IRRP, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Taiwan Biobank, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Cancer Center and Department of Surgery, Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Nick Orr
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Jacques Simard
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul D. P. Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonine D. Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States of America
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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