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Băghină RM, Crișan S, Luca S, Pătru O, Lazăr MA, Văcărescu C, Negru AG, Luca CT, Gaiță D. Association between Inflammation and New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Acute Coronary Syndromes. J Clin Med 2024; 13:5088. [PMID: 39274304 PMCID: PMC11396258 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13175088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a complex clinical syndrome that encompasses acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and unstable angina (UA). Its underlying mechanism refers to coronary plaque disruption, with consequent platelet aggregation and thrombosis. Inflammation plays an important role in the progression of atherosclerosis by mediating the removal of necrotic tissue following myocardial infarction and shaping the repair processes that are essential for the recovery process after ACS. As a chronic inflammatory disorder, atherosclerosis is characterized by dysfunctional immune inflammation involving interactions between immune (macrophages, T lymphocytes, and monocytes) and vascular cells (endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells). New-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) is one of the most common arrhythmic complications in the setting of acute coronary syndromes, especially in the early stages, when the myocardial inflammatory reaction is at its maximum. The main changes in the atrial substrate are due to atrial ischemia and acute infarcts that can be attributed to neurohormonal factors. The high incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) post-myocardial infarction may be secondary to inflammation. Inflammatory response and immune system cells have been involved in the initiation and development of atrial fibrillation. Several inflammatory indexes, such as C-reactive protein and interleukins, have been demonstrated to be predictive of prognosis in patients with ACS. The cell signaling activation patterns associated with fibrosis, apoptosis, and hypertrophy are forms of cardiac remodeling that occur at the atrial level, predisposing to AF. According to a recent study, the presence of fibrosis and lymphomononuclear infiltration in the atrial tissue was associated with a prior history of AF. However, inflammation may contribute to both the occurrence/maintenance of AF and its thromboembolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra-Maria Băghină
- Cardiology Department, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Simina Crișan
- Cardiology Department, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Silvia Luca
- Cardiology Department, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Oana Pătru
- Cardiology Department, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mihai-Andrei Lazăr
- Cardiology Department, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Văcărescu
- Cardiology Department, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alina Gabriela Negru
- Cardiology Department, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Constantin-Tudor Luca
- Cardiology Department, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dan Gaiță
- Cardiology Department, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
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Martucci NJ, Stoops J, Bowen W, Orr A, Cotner MC, Michalopoulos GK, Bhushan B, Mars WM. A Novel Role for the Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Bisphosphate 3-Kinase Delta Isoform in Hepatocellular Proliferation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:1511-1527. [PMID: 38705383 PMCID: PMC11393825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase delta isoform (Pik3cd), usually considered immune-specific, was unexpectedly identified as a gene potentially related to either regeneration and/or differentiation in animals lacking hepatocellular Integrin Linked Kinase (ILK). Since a specific inhibitor (Idelalisib, or CAL101) for the catalytic subunit encoded by Pik3cd (p110δ) has reported hepatotoxicity when used for treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other lymphomas, the authors aimed to elucidate whether there is a role for p110δ in normal liver function. To determine the effect on normal liver regeneration, partial hepatectomy (PHx) was performed using mice in which p110δ was first inhibited using CAL101. Inhibition led to over a 50% decrease in proliferating hepatocytes in the first 2 days after PHx. This difference correlated with phosphorylation changes in the HGF and EGF receptors (MET and EGFR, respectively) and NF-κB signaling. Ingenuity Pathway Analyses implicated C/EBPβ, HGF, and the EGFR heterodimeric partner, ERBB2, as three of the top 20 regulators downstream of p110δ signaling because their pathways were suppressed in the presence of CAL101 at 1 day post-PHx. A regulatory role for p110δ signaling in mouse and rat hepatocytes through MET and EGFR was further verified using hepatocyte primary cultures, in the presence or absence of CAL101. Combined, these data support a role for p110δ as a downstream regulator of normal hepatocytes when stimulated to proliferate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J Martucci
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John Stoops
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - William Bowen
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anne Orr
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary-Claire Cotner
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Bharat Bhushan
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wendy M Mars
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Li S, Xiang A, Guo F, Alarfaj AA, Gao Z. Fangchinoline protects hepatic ischemia/reperfusion liver injury in rats through anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation properties: an in silico study. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024. [PMID: 38984607 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common cause of organ failure, developed by a sudden block in the blood and oxygen supply and subsequent restoration. I/R damage is responsible for acute and chronic rejection after organ transplantation, accounting for 10% of early graft failure. The study investigated the therapeutic properties of fangchinoline in liver injury-induced rats. The rats were divided into three groups: Sham, I/R without pretreatment, and I/R + 10 mg/kg fangchinoline pretreatment. Blood and liver samples were collected for assays, and an in silico docking analysis was conducted to determine fangchinoline's inhibitory effect. The pretreatment with 10 mg/kg of fangchinoline effectively reduced hepatic marker enzymes such as AST, LDH, and ALT in the serum of rats with liver I/R damage. Fangchinoline treatment significantly reduced interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in I/R-induced rats, boosting antioxidants and decreasing MDA. Histopathological studies showed liver injury protection, and fangchinoline inhibited TNF-α and IL-6 with improved binding affinity. Fangchinoline has hepatoprotective properties by reducing inflammation in rats with liver I/R damage, as demonstrated in the current study. Hence, it can be an effective salutary agent in preventing liver damage caused by I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangxi Li
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - AnDong Xiang
- Second Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Clinical Skills Training Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Abdullah A Alarfaj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zehai Gao
- Second Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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Sabra MS, Sayed AEDH, Idriss SKA, Soliman HAM. Single and combined toxicity of tadalafil (Cilais) and microplastic in Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus). Sci Rep 2024; 14:14576. [PMID: 38914580 PMCID: PMC11196265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The joint impact of tadalafil (Cilais) as a pharmaceutical residue and microplastics on fish is not well comprehended. The current study examined haematological, biochemical, and antioxidant parameters, along with immunohistochemical and histological indications in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after being exposed to tadalafil, polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs), and their mixtures for 15 days. The fish were distributed into 1st group control group (The fish was maintained in untreated water without any supplements); 2nd group exposed to 10 mg/L PE-MPs;3rd group exposed to 20 mg/l tadalafil (Cilais); 4th group exposed to 20 mg/l tadalafil (Cilais) + 10 mg/LPE-MPs (in triplicate). The levels of creatinine, uric acid, glucose, AST, ALT, and albumin in fish treated with tadalafil alone or in combination with PE-MPs were significantly higher than those in the control group. Fish exposed to PE-MPs, tadalafil, and tadalafil plus PE-MPs showed significantly lower levels of RBCs, Hb, Ht, neutrophils, and lymphocytes compared to the control group. Serum levels of total antioxidant capacity and reduced glutathione (GSH) were notably lowered in fish groups subjected to PE-MPs, tadalafil, and tadalafil + PE-MPs combinations in comparison to the control group. Malondialdehyde (MDA) serum levels were notably elevated in fish groups subjected to PE-MPs, tadalafil, and tadalafil + PE-MPs combinations compared to the control group. The most severe impact was observed in the tadalafil + PE-MPs combination group. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were significantly increased in liver tissues following exposure to both tadalafil and microplastics compared to tissues exposed to only one substance or the control group. Changes in the gills, liver, and renal tissues were seen following exposure to PE-MPs, tadalafil, and tadalafil + PE-MPs combination in comparison to the control group of fish. Ultimately, the mixture of tadalafil and PE-MPs resulted in the most detrimental outcomes. Tadalafil and PE-MPs exhibited showed greater adverse effects, likely due to tadalafil being absorbed onto PE-MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud S Sabra
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
- Molecular Biology Research and Studies Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
| | - Shaimaa K A Idriss
- Department of Fish Disease and Management, Faculty of Veterinary of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Hamdy A M Soliman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 8562, Egypt
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Taroncher M, Gonzalez-Suarez AM, Gwon K, Romero S, Reyes-Figueroa AD, Rodríguez-Carrasco Y, Ruiz MJ, Stybayeva G, Revzin A, de Hoyos-Vega JM. Using Microfluidic Hepatic Spheroid Cultures to Assess Liver Toxicity of T-2 Mycotoxin. Cells 2024; 13:900. [PMID: 38891032 PMCID: PMC11172061 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The Fusarium fungi is found in cereals and feedstuffs and may produce mycotoxins, which are secondary metabolites, such as the T-2 toxin (T-2). In this work, we explored the hepatotoxicity of T-2 using microfluidic 3D hepatic cultures. The objectives were: (i) exploring the benefits of microfluidic 3D cultures compared to conventional 3D cultures available commercially (Aggrewell plates), (ii) establishing 3D co-cultures of hepatic cells (HepG2) and stellate cells (LX2) and assessing T-2 exposure in this model, (iii) characterizing the induction of metabolizing enzymes, and (iv) evaluating inflammatory markers upon T-2 exposure in microfluidic hepatic cultures. Our results demonstrated that, in comparison to commercial (large-volume) 3D cultures, spheroids formed faster and were more functional in microfluidic devices. The viability and hepatic function decreased with increasing T-2 concentrations in both monoculture and co-cultures. The RT-PCR analysis revealed that exposure to T-2 upregulates the expression of multiple Phase I and Phase II hepatic enzymes. In addition, several pro- and anti-inflammatory proteins were increased in co-cultures after exposure to T-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Taroncher
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA; (M.T.); (A.M.G.-S.); (G.S.)
- Research Group in Alternative Methods for Determining Toxics Effects and Risk Assessment of Contaminants and Mixtures (RiskTox), Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (Y.R.-C.); (M.-J.R.)
| | - Alan M. Gonzalez-Suarez
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA; (M.T.); (A.M.G.-S.); (G.S.)
| | - Kihak Gwon
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA; (M.T.); (A.M.G.-S.); (G.S.)
| | - Samuel Romero
- Centro de Investigación en Matemáticas Unidad Monterrey, Apodaca 66628, NL, Mexico (A.D.R.-F.)
| | - Angel D. Reyes-Figueroa
- Centro de Investigación en Matemáticas Unidad Monterrey, Apodaca 66628, NL, Mexico (A.D.R.-F.)
- Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías, Ciudad de Mexico 03940, Mexico
| | - Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco
- Research Group in Alternative Methods for Determining Toxics Effects and Risk Assessment of Contaminants and Mixtures (RiskTox), Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (Y.R.-C.); (M.-J.R.)
| | - María-José Ruiz
- Research Group in Alternative Methods for Determining Toxics Effects and Risk Assessment of Contaminants and Mixtures (RiskTox), Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (Y.R.-C.); (M.-J.R.)
| | - Gulnaz Stybayeva
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA; (M.T.); (A.M.G.-S.); (G.S.)
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA; (M.T.); (A.M.G.-S.); (G.S.)
| | - Jose M. de Hoyos-Vega
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA; (M.T.); (A.M.G.-S.); (G.S.)
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Wang Y, Guo D, Winkler R, Lei X, Wang X, Messina J, Luo J, Lu H. Development of novel liver-targeting glucocorticoid prodrugs. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2024; 21:100172. [PMID: 38390434 PMCID: PMC10883687 DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2023.100172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used in the treatment of inflammatory liver diseases and sepsis, but GC's various side effects on extrahepatic tissues limit their clinical benefits. Liver-targeting GC therapy may have multiple advantages over systemic GC therapy. The purpose of this study was to develop novel liver-targeting GC prodrugs as improved treatment for inflammatory liver diseases and sepsis. Methods A hydrophilic linker or an ultra-hydrophilic zwitterionic linker carboxylic betaine (CB) was used to bridge cholic acid (CA) and dexamethasone (DEX) to generate transporter-dependent liver-targeting GC prodrugs CA-DEX and the highly hydrophilic CA-CB-DEX. The efficacy of liver-targeting DEX prodrugs and DEX were determined in primary human hepatocytes (PHH), macrophages, human whole blood, and/or mice with sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture. Results CA-DEX was moderately water soluble, whereas CA-CB-DEX was highly water soluble. CA-CB-DEX and CA-DEX displayed highly transporter-dependent activities in reporter assays. Data mining found marked dysregulation of many GR-target genes important for lipid catabolism, cytoprotection, and inflammation in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. These key GR-target genes were similarly and rapidly (within 6 h) induced or down-regulated by CA-CB-DEX and DEX in PHH. CA-CB-DEX had much weaker inhibitory effects than DEX on endotoxin-induced cytokines in mouse macrophages and human whole blood. In contrast, CA-CB-DEX exerted more potent anti-inflammatory effects than DEX in livers of septic mice. Conclusions CA-CB-DEX demonstrated good hepatocyte-selectivity in vitro and better anti-inflammatory effects in vivo. Further test of CA-CB-DEX as a novel liver-targeting GC prodrug for inflammatory liver diseases and sepsis is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Dandan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Rebecca Winkler
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Xiaohong Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Jennifer Messina
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Juntao Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Hong Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
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Pérez-Hernández O, González-Reimers E, García-Rodríguez A, Fernández-Rodríguez C, Abreu-González P, González-Pérez JM, Sánchez-Pérez MJ, Ferraz-Amaro I, Martín-González C. Value of inflammatory response and oxidative damage in the diagnosis of infections in severe alcoholic hepatitis. Eur J Intern Med 2024; 119:64-70. [PMID: 37586986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Severe alcoholic hepatitis is the most lethal complication in alcohol dependent patients. The concurrence of infections in these patients is very frequent. Both produce a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), secondary to intense release of inflammatory cytokines, which can complicate the diagnosis. In our study, Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 levels are higher in patients with SIRS (p<0.001 and p = 0.033, respectively). IL-4, IL-6, Interferon-gamma (IFNγ), Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and IL-17 levels correlate with liver function, as estimated by MELD-Na (p = 0.018, p = 0.008, p = 0.009, p = 0.016 and p = 0.006, respectively). Malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation and marker of cell damage, also correlates with liver function (p = 0.002), but not with SIRS or infections. Only elevated IL-6 correlates independently with the presence of infections (RR=1.023 IC 95% 1.000-1.047), so it may be useful for the correct diagnosis in these patients. Values greater than 30 pg/mL have a sensitivity: 86.7% and specificity: 94.7% for the diagnosis of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onán Pérez-Hernández
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Canarias, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Emilio González-Reimers
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Alen García-Rodríguez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Canarias, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Camino Fernández-Rodríguez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Canarias, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Pedro Abreu-González
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Unidad de Fisiología, Universidad de la Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - José María González-Pérez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Canarias, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - María José Sánchez-Pérez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Canarias, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Iván Ferraz-Amaro
- Servicio de Reumatología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Canarias, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Candelaria Martín-González
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Canarias, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain; Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain.
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Silva RCMC, Travassos LH, Dutra FF. The dichotomic role of single cytokines: Fine-tuning immune responses. Cytokine 2024; 173:156408. [PMID: 37925788 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are known for their pleiotropic effects. They can be classified by their function as pro-inflammatory, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL) 1 and IL-12, or anti-inflammatory, like IL-10, IL-35 and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). Though this type of classification is an important simplification for the understanding of the general cytokine's role, it can be misleading. Here, we discuss recent studies that show a dichotomic role of the so-called pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines, highlighting that their function can be dependent on the microenvironment and their concentrations. Furthermore, we discuss how the back-and-forth interplay between cytokines and immunometabolism can influence the dichotomic role of inflammatory responses as an important target to complement cytokine-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Holanda Travassos
- Laboratório de Receptores e Sinalização intracelular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabianno Ferreira Dutra
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Inflamação, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Kasturi M, Mathur V, Gadre M, Srinivasan V, Vasanthan KS. Three Dimensional Bioprinting for Hepatic Tissue Engineering: From In Vitro Models to Clinical Applications. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:21-52. [PMID: 37882981 PMCID: PMC10764711 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00576-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fabrication of functional organs is the holy grail of tissue engineering and the possibilities of repairing a partial or complete liver to treat chronic liver disorders are discussed in this review. Liver is the largest gland in the human body and plays a responsible role in majority of metabolic function and processes. Chronic liver disease is one of the leading causes of death globally and the current treatment strategy of organ transplantation holds its own demerits. Hence there is a need to develop an in vitro liver model that mimics the native microenvironment. The developed model should be a reliable to understand the pathogenesis, screen drugs and assist to repair and replace the damaged liver. The three-dimensional bioprinting is a promising technology that recreates in vivo alike in vitro model for transplantation, which is the goal of tissue engineers. The technology has great potential due to its precise control and its ability to homogeneously distribute cells on all layers in a complex structure. This review gives an overview of liver tissue engineering with a special focus on 3D bioprinting and bioinks for liver disease modelling and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Kasturi
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Vidhi Mathur
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Mrunmayi Gadre
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Varadharajan Srinivasan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Kirthanashri S Vasanthan
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Maimunah U, Maharani ARK, Soegiarto G, Rahniayu A, Gunawan VA, Wiratama PA, Djuanda SN, Supriadi S, Marhana IA, Semedi BP, Lefi A, Kusumastuti EH, Suyanto E, Lilihata JG, Anggoro A, Rinjani LGP, Rosyid AN, Wahyu D, Fauziah D, Rahaju AS, Kurniasari N, Ariani G, Nugroho GMS, Yandi IKR, Nugraha RA. Correlation between interleukin-6 expression in post-mortem core liver biopsy and degree of liver injury in patients with fatal COVID-19. NARRA J 2023; 3:e463. [PMID: 38455630 PMCID: PMC10919438 DOI: 10.52225/narra.v3i3.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Excessive release of interleukin-6 (IL-6) during the progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induces cytokine storms, resulting in multi-organ damages including liver injury, similar in nature with mechanism of viral hepatitis. Systemic IL-6 has been associated with the incidence of liver injury among COVID-19 patients; however, studies on IL-6 expression in the liver tissue are completely lacking. The aim of this study was to measure the IL-6 expression in the liver tissues and to determine its correlation with the degree of liver injury in fatal COVID-19 patients. Through this first cross-sectional study, IL-6 expression was measured through immunohistochemical staining and the degree of liver injury was identified based on level of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The Spearman correlation test was used to identify the correlation between IL-6 expression and the degree of liver injury. A total of 47 deceased COVID-19 patients were included and IL-6 expression was observed in all post-mortem liver specimens, ranging from mild to strong expression. Liver injury at various degrees (mild to severe) was found in more than half (59.5%) of the cases. The Spearman correlation analysis suggested a statistically insignificant correlation between liver IL-6 expression and the degree of liver injury (r=0.152; p=0.309). In conclusion, even IL-6 expression was observed in all post-mortem liver specimens, there was an insignificant correlation between IL-6 expression in the liver tissue with the degree of liver injury among fatal COVID-19 patients, suggesting that IL-6 was not the only main factor contributing to liver damage in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummi Maimunah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Andi RK. Maharani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Gatot Soegiarto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Alphania Rahniayu
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Vania A. Gunawan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Priangga A. Wiratama
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Stephanie N. Djuanda
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Supriadi Supriadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Isnin A. Marhana
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Bambang P. Semedi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia;
| | - Achmad Lefi
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Etty H. Kusumastuti
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Edi Suyanto
- Department of Forensics and Medicolegal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Forensics and Medicolegal Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Jilientasia G. Lilihata
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia;
| | - Adhitri Anggoro
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Lalu GP. Rinjani
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Alfian N. Rosyid
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Wahyu
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dyah Fauziah
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Anny S. Rahaju
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Nila Kurniasari
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Grace Ariani
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Gilang MS. Nugroho
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - I KR. Yandi
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ricardo A. Nugraha
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
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11
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Abu-Farha M, Madhu D, Hebbar P, Mohammad A, Channanath A, Kavalakatt S, Alam-Eldin N, Alterki F, Taher I, Alsmadi O, Shehab M, Arefanian H, Ahmad R, Thanaraj TA, Al-Mulla F, Abubaker J. The Proinflammatory Role of ANGPTL8 R59W Variant in Modulating Inflammation through NF-κB Signaling Pathway under TNFα Stimulation. Cells 2023; 12:2563. [PMID: 37947641 PMCID: PMC10648545 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8) is known to regulate lipid metabolism and inflammation. It interacts with ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 to regulate lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and with IKK to modulate NF-κB activity. Further, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) leading to the ANGPTL8 R59W variant associates with reduced low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein (LDL/HDL) and increased fasting blood glucose (FBG) in Hispanic and Arab individuals, respectively. In this study, we investigate the impact of the R59W variant on the inflammatory activity of ANGPTL8. METHODS The ANGPTL8 R59W variant was genotyped in a discovery cohort of 867 Arab individuals from Kuwait. Plasma levels of ANGPTL8 and inflammatory markers were measured and tested for associations with the genotype; the associations were tested for replication in an independent cohort of 278 Arab individuals. Impact of the ANGPTL8 R59W variant on NF-κB activity was examined using approaches including overexpression, luciferase assay, and structural modeling of binding dynamics. RESULTS The ANGPTL8 R59W variant was associated with increased circulatory levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin 7 (IL7). Our in vitro studies using HepG2 cells revealed an increased phosphorylation of key inflammatory proteins of the NF-κB pathway in individuals with the R59W variant as compared to those with the wild type, and TNFα stimulation further elevated it. This finding was substantiated by increased luciferase activity of NF-κB p65 with the R59W variant. Modeled structural and binding variation due to R59W change in ANGPTL8 agreed with the observed increase in NF-κB activity. CONCLUSION ANGPTL8 R59W is associated with increased circulatory TNFα, IL7, and NF-κB p65 activity. Weak transient binding of the ANGPTL8 R59W variant explains its regulatory role on the NF-κB pathway and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (M.A.-F.); (D.M.); (A.M.); (S.K.); (N.A.-E.)
| | - Dhanya Madhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (M.A.-F.); (D.M.); (A.M.); (S.K.); (N.A.-E.)
| | - Prashantha Hebbar
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (P.H.); (A.C.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Anwar Mohammad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (M.A.-F.); (D.M.); (A.M.); (S.K.); (N.A.-E.)
| | - Arshad Channanath
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (P.H.); (A.C.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Sina Kavalakatt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (M.A.-F.); (D.M.); (A.M.); (S.K.); (N.A.-E.)
| | - Nada Alam-Eldin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (M.A.-F.); (D.M.); (A.M.); (S.K.); (N.A.-E.)
| | - Fatima Alterki
- Department of internal Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait;
| | - Ibrahim Taher
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Osama Alsmadi
- Department of Cell Therapy and Applied Genomics, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 1269, Jordan;
| | - Mohammad Shehab
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mubarak Alkabeer University Hospital, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 47061, Kuwait;
| | - Hossein Arefanian
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (H.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (H.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Thangavel Alphonse Thanaraj
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (P.H.); (A.C.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (P.H.); (A.C.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Jehad Abubaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (M.A.-F.); (D.M.); (A.M.); (S.K.); (N.A.-E.)
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12
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Valdés S, Paredes SD, García Carreras C, Zuluaga P, Rancan L, Linillos-Pradillo B, Arias-Díaz J, Vara E. S-Adenosylmethionine Decreases Bacterial Translocation, Proinflammatory Cytokines, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Markers in Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Wistar Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1539. [PMID: 37627534 PMCID: PMC10451188 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) can seriously impair liver function. It is initiated by oxidative stress, resulting in inflammation and apoptosis-induced cellular damage. Glutathione (GSH) prevents oxidative stress. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMet) is a GSH synthesis precursor that avoids the deficit in SAMet-synthetase activity and contributes to intracellular ATP repletion. It also acts as a methyl group donor, stabilizing hepatocyte membranes, among other functions. This study investigated the effect of SAMet on bacterial translocation and levels of proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and apoptosis markers in male Wistar rats subjected to hepatic IRI. Animals were randomly divided into six groups: (1) sham operation, (3) animals undergoing 60 min of ischemia of the right lateral lobe for temporary occlusion of the portal vein and hepatic artery plus 10 min of reperfusion, and (5) the same as (3) but with a reperfusion period of 120 min. Groups 2, 4 and 6, respectively, are the same as (1), (3) and (5), except that animals received SAMet (20 mg/kg) 15 min before ischemia. GSH, ATP, lipid peroxidation (LPO), TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, total caspase-1 and caspase-9, total and cleaved caspase-3, and phosphatidylcholine were determined in the liver. Endotoxin, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and LPO in vena cava and portal vein blood samples were also measured. Endotoxin and LPO levels as well as proinflammatory cytokines and apoptotic markers increased significantly in animals undergoing IRI, both after 10 and 120 min of reperfusion. IRI produced a significant decrease in GSH, ATP, portal IL-10 and phosphatidylcholine. SAMet treatment prevented these effects significantly and increased survival rate. The study suggests that SAMet exerts protective effects in hepatic IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Valdés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Complutense, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.V.); (C.G.C.); (L.R.); (B.L.-P.); (E.V.)
| | - Sergio D. Paredes
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Complutense, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen García Carreras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Complutense, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.V.); (C.G.C.); (L.R.); (B.L.-P.); (E.V.)
| | - Pilar Zuluaga
- Departmental Unit of Biostatistics—Department of Statistics and Operations Research, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Complutense, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Lisa Rancan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Complutense, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.V.); (C.G.C.); (L.R.); (B.L.-P.); (E.V.)
| | - Beatriz Linillos-Pradillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Complutense, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.V.); (C.G.C.); (L.R.); (B.L.-P.); (E.V.)
| | - Javier Arias-Díaz
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Complutense, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Elena Vara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Complutense, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.V.); (C.G.C.); (L.R.); (B.L.-P.); (E.V.)
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13
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Wu O, Yuan C, Leng J, Zhang X, Liu W, Yang F, Zhang H, Li J, Khederzadeh S, Jiang Z, Fang H, Liu X, Lu X, Xia J. Colorable role of interleukin (IL)-6 in obesity hypertension: A hint from a Chinese adult case-control study. Cytokine 2023; 168:156226. [PMID: 37235887 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and hypertension are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases that affect millions of people worldwide. Both conditions are associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, which is mediated by cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6). IL-6 is a multifunctional cytokine that can have pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects depending on the context. The exact role of IL-6 in obesity-associated hypertension is unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate how IL-6 affects blood pressure, inflammation, and metabolic function in obesity-hypertension using a Chinese adult case-control study. METHODS A total of 153 participants were sorted into four subgroups according to their body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP): normal healthy group (NH), just obesity group (JO), just-hypertension group (JH), and obesity-hypertension group (OH). Serum IL-6 concentrations were measured by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and their correlations with anthropometric and laboratory parameters and their differences across the subgroups were examined. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify the predictors of serum IL-6 concentrations in each group. RESULTS Serum IL-6 concentrations were higher in NH group than in JO group and correlated positively with diastolic blood pressure in NH and JO groups, but not in JH and OH groups. Serum IL-6 concentrations also correlated with albumin in NH group, alkaline phosphatase in JO group, serum creatinine and fasting blood glucose in JH group. The influencing factors of serum IL-6 concentrations varied among the four groups, with gender, diastolic blood pressure and albumin being significant predictors in NH group, alkaline phosphatase in JO group, age and serum creatinine in JH group, and none in OH group. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that IL-6 may play diverse effects in the pathogenesis of obesity- hypertension, depending on the presence or absence of obesity and hypertension. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of IL-6 signaling and function in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Wu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chengda Yuan
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Jianhang Leng
- Department of Central Laboratory/Medical examination center of Hangzhou, The Frist People's Hospital of Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- JFIntelligent Healthcare Technology Co. Ltd, Building No.5-7, No.699 Tianxiang Avenue, Hi-Tech Zone, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fenfang Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory/Medical examination center of Hangzhou, The Frist People's Hospital of Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated with Medical College of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Saber Khederzadeh
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhizhi Jiang
- ZhaNongKou Street Community Health Service Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hangyan Fang
- Hangzhou Linping District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Hangzhou center for disease control and prevention, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xi Lu
- Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jiangwei Xia
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China.
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14
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Carbonaro M, Wang K, Huang H, Frleta D, Patel A, Pennington A, Desclaux M, Moller-Tank S, Grindley J, Altarejos J, Zhong J, Polites G, Poueymirou W, Jaspers S, Kyratsous C, Zambrowicz B, Murphy A, Lin JC, Macdonald LE, Daly C, Sleeman M, Thurston G, Li Z. IL-6-GP130 signaling protects human hepatocytes against lipid droplet accumulation in humanized liver models. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf4490. [PMID: 37058568 PMCID: PMC10104468 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf4490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Liver steatosis is an increasing health issue with few therapeutic options, partly because of a paucity of experimental models. In humanized liver rodent models, abnormal lipid accumulation in transplanted human hepatocytes occurs spontaneously. Here, we demonstrate that this abnormality is associated with compromised interleukin-6 (IL-6)-glycoprotein 130 (GP130) signaling in human hepatocytes because of incompatibility between host rodent IL-6 and human IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) on donor hepatocytes. Restoration of hepatic IL-6-GP130 signaling, through ectopic expression of rodent IL-6R, constitutive activation of GP130 in human hepatocytes, or humanization of an Il6 allele in recipient mice, substantially reduced hepatosteatosis. Notably, providing human Kupffer cells via hematopoietic stem cell engraftment in humanized liver mice also corrected the abnormality. Our observations suggest an important role of IL-6-GP130 pathway in regulating lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and not only provide a method to improve humanized liver models but also suggest therapeutic potential for manipulating GP130 signaling in human liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kehui Wang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Hui Huang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Davor Frleta
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Aditi Patel
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jun Zhong
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Greg Polites
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John C. Lin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Mark Sleeman
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | - Zhe Li
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
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15
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Sabikunnahar B, Caldwell S, Varnum S, Hogan T, Cooper A, Lahue KG, Bivona JJ, Cousens PM, Symeonides M, Ballif BA, Poynter ME, Krementsov DN. Long Noncoding RNA U90926 Is Induced in Activated Macrophages, Is Protective in Endotoxic Shock, and Encodes a Novel Secreted Protein. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:807-819. [PMID: 36705532 PMCID: PMC9998366 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Thousands of long noncoding RNAs are encoded in mammalian genomes, yet most remain uncharacterized. In this study, we functionally characterized a mouse long noncoding RNA named U90926. Analysis of U90926 RNA levels revealed minimal expression across multiple tissues at steady state. However, the expression of this gene was highly induced in macrophages and dendritic cells by TLR activation, in a p38 MAPK- and MyD88-dependent manner. To study the function of U90926, we generated U90926-deficient (U9-KO) mice. Surprisingly, we found minimal effects of U90926 deficiency in cultured macrophages. Given the lack of macrophage-intrinsic effect, we investigated the subcellular localization of U90926 transcript and its protein-coding potential. We found that U90926 RNA localizes to the cytosol, associates with ribosomes, and contains an open reading frame that encodes a novel glycosylated protein (termed U9-ORF), which is secreted from the cell. An in vivo model of endotoxic shock revealed that, in comparison with wild type mice, U9-KO mice exhibited increased sickness responses and mortality. Mechanistically, serum levels of IL-6 were elevated in U9-KO mice, and IL-6 neutralization improved endotoxemia outcomes in U9-KO mice. Taken together, these results suggest that U90926 expression is protective during endotoxic shock, potentially mediated by the paracrine and/or endocrine actions of the novel U9-ORF protein secreted by activated myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bristy Sabikunnahar
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
- Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Sydney Caldwell
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Stella Varnum
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Tyler Hogan
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Alexei Cooper
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Karolyn G Lahue
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Joseph J Bivona
- Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | | | - Menelaos Symeonides
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Bryan A Ballif
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | | | - Dimitry N Krementsov
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
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16
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Li X, Wang Z, Jiao C, Zhang Y, Xia N, Yu W, Chen X, Wikana LP, Liu Y, Sun L, Chen M, Xiao Y, Shi Y, Han S, Pu L. Hepatocyte SGK1 activated by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion promotes the recurrence of liver metastasis via IL-6/STAT3. J Transl Med 2023; 21:121. [PMID: 36788538 PMCID: PMC9926712 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03977-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Surgical resection of the liver metastases increases the incidence of long-term survival in patients with colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM). However, many patients experience CRLM recurrence after the initial liver resection. As an unavoidable pathophysiological process in liver surgery, liver ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury increases the risk of tumor recurrence and metastasis. METHODS Colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) mouse models and mouse liver partial warm ischemia models were constructed. The levels of lipid peroxidation were detected in cells or tissues. Western Blot, qPCR, elisa, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, scanning electron microscope, flow cytometry analysis were conducted to evaluate the changes of multiple signaling pathways during CRLM recurrence under liver ischemia-reperfusion (IR) background, including SGK1/IL-6/STAT3, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation, polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cell (PMN-MDSC) infiltration. RESULTS Hepatocyte serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) was activated in response to hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury to pass hepatocyte STAT3 phosphorylation and serum amyloid A (SAA) hyperactivation signals in CRLM-IR mice, such regulation is dependent on SGK-activated IL-6 autocrine. Administration of the SGK1 inhibitor GSK-650394 further reduced ERK-related neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation and polymorphonucler myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC) infiltration compared with targeting hepatocyte SGK1 alone, thereby alleviating CRLM in the context of IR. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that hepatocyte and immune cell SGK1 synergistically promote postoperative CRLM recurrence in response to hepatic IR stress, and identifies SGK1 as a translational target that may improve postoperative CRLM recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Li
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.477246.40000 0004 1803 0558Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.477246.40000 0004 1803 0558Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Chenyu Jiao
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.477246.40000 0004 1803 0558Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.477246.40000 0004 1803 0558Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Xia
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.477246.40000 0004 1803 0558Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Yu
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.477246.40000 0004 1803 0558Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Yancheng School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Yancheng, China
| | - Likalamu Pascalia Wikana
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.477246.40000 0004 1803 0558Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Yancheng School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Yancheng, China
| | - Linfeng Sun
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.477246.40000 0004 1803 0558Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Minhao Chen
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.477246.40000 0004 1803 0558Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhao Xiao
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.477246.40000 0004 1803 0558Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhua Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Yancheng School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Yancheng, China.
| | - Sheng Han
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China.
| | - Liyong Pu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China.
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Differential Modulation of Human M1 and M2 Macrophage Activity by ICOS-Mediated ICOSL Triggering. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032953. [PMID: 36769276 PMCID: PMC9917690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated T cells express the inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS) that, upon binding to its ubiquitously expressed ligand (ICOSL), regulates the immune response and tissue repair. We sought to determine the effect of ICOS:ICOSL interaction on human M1 and M2 macrophages. M1 and M2 macrophages were polarized from monocyte-derived macrophages, and the effect of a soluble recombinant form of ICOS (ICOS-CH3) was assessed on cytokine production and cell migration. We show that ICOS-CH3 treatment increased the secretion of CCL3 and CCL4 in resting M1 and M2 cells. In LPS-treated M1 cells, ICOS-CH3 inhibited the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 and CCL4, while it increased that of IL-23. In contrast, M2 cells treated with LPS + IL4 displayed enhanced secretion of IL-6, IL-10, CCL3 and CCL4. In CCL7- or osteopontin-treated M1 cells, ICOS-CH3 boosted the migration rate of M1 cells while it decreased that of M2 cells. Finally, β-Pix expression was upregulated in M1 cells and downregulated in M2 cells by treatment with ICOS-CH3. These findings suggest that ICOSL activation modulates the activity of human M1 and M2 cells, thereby eliciting an overall anti-inflammatory effect consistent with its role in promoting tissue repair.
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18
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Trampuž SR, van Riet S, Nordling Å, Ingelman-Sundberg M. The Role of CTGF in Liver Fibrosis Induced in 3D Human Liver Spheroids. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020302. [PMID: 36672237 PMCID: PMC9857203 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is involved in the regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) production. Elevated levels of CTGF can be found in plasma from patients with liver fibrosis and in experimental animal models of liver fibrosis, but the exact role of CTGF in, e.g., diet-induced human liver fibrosis is not entirely known. To address this question, we utilized a 3D human liver co-culture spheroid model composed of hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells, in which fibrosis is induced by TGF-β1, CTGF or free fatty acids (FFA). Treatment of the spheroids with TGF-β1 or FFA increased COL1A1 deposition as well as the expression of TGF-β1 and CTGF. Recombinant CTGF, as well as angiotensin II, caused increased expression and/or production of CTGF, TGF-β1, COL1A1, LOX, and IL-6. In addition, silencing of CTGF reduced both TGF-β1- and FFA-induced COL1A1 deposition. Furthermore, we found that IL-6 induced CTGF, COL1A1 and TGF-β1 production, suggesting that IL-6 is a mediator in the pathway of CTGF-induced fibrosis. Taken together, our data indicate a specific role for CTGF and CTGF downstream signaling pathways for the development of liver inflammation and fibrosis in the human 3D liver spheroid model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Redenšek Trampuž
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sander van Riet
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Nordling
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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Wang CH, Chen CY, Wang KH, Kao AP, Chen YJ, Lin PH, Chen M, Wu TY, Cheng JJ, Lee KD, Chuang KH. Comparing the Therapeutic Mechanism and Immune Response of Human and Mouse Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Immunocompetent Mice With Acute Liver Failure. Stem Cells Transl Med 2023; 12:39-53. [PMID: 36610716 PMCID: PMC9887270 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Current mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) research is based on xenotransplantation of human MSCs (hMSCs) in immunodeficient mice and cannot comprehensively predict MSC repair mechanisms and immunomodulatory effects in damaged tissue. This study compared the therapeutic efficacy, mechanisms, and immune response of hMSCs and mouse MSCs (mMSCs) in immunocompetent mice with CCl4-induced acute liver failure. mMSCs maintained F4/80+ hepatic macrophage recruitment into the damaged liver region, increased IL-6-dependent hepatocyte proliferation, and reduced inflammatory TNF-α cytokine secretion. Moreover, mMSCs reduced α-SMA+ myofibroblast activation by lowering TGF-β1 accumulation in damaged liver tissue. In contrast, hMSCs lowered TNF-α and TGF-β1 by reducing the recruitment of F4/80+ hepatic macrophages, which lost the ability to remove debris and induce IL-6 liver regeneration. Finally, hMSCs, but not mMSCs, caused a significant antibody response in immunocompetent mice; therefore, hMSCs are unsuitable for long-term MSC studies. This comparative study provides reference information for further MSC studies of immunocompetent mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hung Wang
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Che-Yi Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hung Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuo General Hospital, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - An-Pei Kao
- Research and Development, Stemforce Biotechnology Company Limited, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jou Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Michael Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yun Wu
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Jy Cheng
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan,Division of Basic Chinese Medicine, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Der Lee
- Department of Medical Research and Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan,Office of Research and Development, TMU Research Center of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsiang Chuang
- Corresponding author: Kuan-Der Lee, M.D. Ph.D., 1650 Taiwan Boulevard Sect. 4, Taichung 407, Taiwan. Tel: +886 4 2359 2525; ; or, Kuo-Hsiang Chuang, Ph.D., 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei City 110, Taiwan. Tel: +886 2 2736 1661;
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20
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Lucchinetti E, Lou PH, Holtzhauer G, Noureddine N, Wawrzyniak P, Hartling I, Lee M, Strachan E, Clemente-Casares X, Tsai S, Rogler G, Krämer SD, Hersberger M, Zaugg M. Novel lipid emulsion for total parenteral nutrition based on 18-carbon n-3 fatty acids elicits a superior immunometabolic phenotype in a murine model compared with standard lipid emulsions. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:1805-1819. [PMID: 36166844 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While lipid emulsions in modern formulations for total parenteral nutrition (TPN) provide essential fatty acids and dense calories, they also promote inflammation and immunometabolic disruptions. OBJECTIVES We aimed to develop a novel lipid emulsion for TPN use with superior immunometabolic actions compared with available standard lipid emulsions. METHODS A novel lipid emulsion [Vegaven (VV)] containing 30% of 18-carbon n-3 fatty acids (α-linolenic acid and stearidonic acid) was developed for TPN (VV-TPN) and compared with TPN containing soybean oil-based lipid emulsion (IL-TPN) and fish-oil-based lipid emulsion (OV-TPN). In vivo studies were performed in instrumented male C57BL/6 mice subjected to 7-d TPN prior to analysis of cytokines, indices of whole-body and hepatic glucose metabolism, immune cells, lipid mediators, and mucosal bowel microbiome. RESULTS IL-6 to IL-10 ratios were significantly lower in liver and skeletal muscle of VV-TPN mice when compared with IL-TPN or OV-TPN mice. VV-TPN and OV-TPN each increased hepatic insulin receptor abundance and resulted in similar HOMA-IR values, whereas only VV-TPN increased hepatic insulin receptor substrate 2 and maintained normal hepatic glycogen content, effects that were IL-10-dependent and mediated by glucokinase activation. The percentages of IFN-γ- and IL-17-expressing CD4+ T cells were increased in livers of VV-TPN mice, and liver macrophages exhibited primed phenotypes when compared with IL-TPN. This immunomodulation was associated with successful elimination of the microinvasive bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila from the bowel mucosa by VV-TPN as opposed to standard lipid emulsions. Assay of hepatic lipid mediators revealed a distinct profile with VV-TPN, including increases in 9(S)-hydroxy-octadecatrienoic acid. When co-administered with IL-TPN, hydroxy-octadecatrienoic acids mimicked the VV-TPN immunometabolic phenotype. CONCLUSIONS We here report the unique anti-inflammatory, insulin-sensitizing, and immunity-enhancing properties of a newly developed lipid emulsion designed for TPN use based on 18-carbon n-3 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Lucchinetti
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Phing-How Lou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Nazek Noureddine
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paulina Wawrzyniak
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Hartling
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Megan Lee
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Erin Strachan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Sue Tsai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie D Krämer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hersberger
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Zaugg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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21
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IL6 supports long-term expansion of hepatocytes in vitro. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7345. [PMID: 36446858 PMCID: PMC9708838 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocytes are very difficult to expand in vitro. A few studies have demonstrated that chemical cocktails with growth factors or Wnt ligands can support long-term expansion of hepatocytes via dedifferentiation. However, the culture conditions are complex, and clonal expansion of hepatic progenitors with full differentiation capacity are rarely reported. Here, we discover IL6, combined with EGF and HGF, promotes long-term expansion (>30 passages in ~150 days with theoretical expansion of ~1035 times) of primary mouse hepatocytes in vitro in simple 2D culture, by converting hepatocytes into induced hepatic progenitor cells (iHPCs), which maintain the capacity of differentiation into hepatocytes. IL6 also supports the establishment of single hepatocyte-derived iHPC clones. The summation of the downstream STAT3, ERK and AKT pathways induces a number of transcription factors which support rapid growth. This physiological and simple way may provide ideas for culturing previously difficult-to-culture cell types and support their future applications.
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22
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Host-microbiome interactions: Gut-Liver axis and its connection with other organs. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:89. [PMID: 36319663 PMCID: PMC9626460 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An understanding of connections between gut microbiome and liver has provided important insights into the pathophysiology of liver diseases. Since gut microbial dysbiosis increases gut permeability, the metabolites biosynthesized by them can reach the liver through portal circulation and affect hepatic immunity and inflammation. The immune cells activated by these metabolites can also reach liver through lymphatic circulation. Liver influences immunity and metabolism in multiple organs in the body, including gut. It releases bile acids and other metabolites into biliary tract from where they enter the systemic circulation. In this review, the bidirectional communication between the gut and the liver and the molecular cross talk between the host and the microbiome has been discussed. This review also provides details into the intricate level of communication and the role of microbiome in Gut-Liver-Brain, Gut-Liver-Kidney, Gut-Liver-Lung, and Gut-Liver-Heart axes. These observations indicate a complex network of interactions between host organs influenced by gut microbiome.
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23
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Knecht S, Eberl HC, Bantscheff M. Interval-Based Secretomics Unravels Acute-Phase Response in Hepatocyte Model Systems. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100241. [PMID: 35525403 PMCID: PMC9184749 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based secretomics approaches frequently utilize serum-free culture conditions to circumvent serum-induced interference and to increase analytical depth. However, this can negatively affect a wide range of cellular functions and cell viability. These effects become particularly apparent when investigating transcriptionally regulated secretion events and feedback-loops in response to perturbations that require 48 h or more to fully manifest. We present an “interval-based” secretomics workflow, which determines protein secretion rates in short serum-free time windows. Relative quantification using tandem mass tags enables precise monitoring of time-dependent changes. We applied this approach to determine temporal profiles of protein secretion in the hepatocyte model cell lines HepG2 and HepaRG after stimulation of the acute-phase response (APR) by the cytokines IL1b and IL6. While the popular hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2 showed an incomplete APR, secretion patterns derived from differentiated HepaRG cells recapitulated the expected APR more comprehensively. For several APR response proteins, substantial secretion was only observed after 72 h, a time window at which cell fitness is substantially impaired under serum-free cell culture conditions. The interval-based secretomics approach enabled the first comprehensive analysis of time-dependent secretion of liver cell models in response to these proinflammatory cytokines. The extended time range facilitated the observation of distinct chronological phases and cytokine-dependent secretion phenotypes of the APR. IL1b directed the APR toward pathogen defense over three distinct phases—chemotaxis, effector, clearance—while IL6 directed the APR toward regeneration. Protein shedding on the cell surface was pronounced upon IL1b stimulation, and small molecule inhibition of ADAM and matrix metalloproteases identified induced as well as constitutive shedding events. Inhibition of ADAM proteases with TAPI-0 resulted in reduced shedding of the sorting receptor SORT1, and an attenuated cytokine response suggesting a direct link between cell surface shedding and cytokine secretion rates. Interval-based secretomics enables extended time course analysis. Time-resolved acute phase response in liver model systems HepG2 and HepaRG. IL1b response clusters in three phases. Cell surface shedding is amplified during acute-phase response. ADAM inhibition dampens secretion of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Knecht
- Cellzome GmbH, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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PPAR-γ Agonist Pioglitazone Restored Mouse Liver mRNA Expression of Clock Genes and Inflammation-Related Genes Disrupted by Reversed Feeding. PPAR Res 2022; 2022:7537210. [PMID: 35663475 PMCID: PMC9162826 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7537210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The master clock, which is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), harmonizes clock genes present in the liver to synchronize life rhythms and bioactivity with the surrounding environment. The reversed feeding disrupts the expression of clock genes in the liver. Recently, a novel role of PPAR-γ as a regulator in correlating circadian rhythm and metabolism was demonstrated. This study examined the influence of PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone (PG) on the mRNA expression profile of principle clock genes and inflammation-related genes in the mouse liver disrupted by reverse feeding. Methods Mice were randomly assigned to daytime-feeding and nighttime-feeding groups. Mice in daytime-feeding groups received food from 7 AM to 7 PM, and mice in nighttime-feeding groups received food from 7 PM to 7 AM. PG was administered in the dose of 20 mg/kg per os as aqueous suspension 40 μl at 7 AM or 7 PM. Each group consisted of 12 animals. On day 8 of the feeding intervention, mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation at noon (05 hours after light onset (HALO)) and midnight (HALO 17). Liver expressions of Bmal1, Clock, Rev-erb alpha, Cry1, Cry2, Per1, Per2, Cxcl5, Nrf2, and Ppar-γ were determined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Liver expression of PPAR-γ, pNF-κB, and IL-6 was determined by Western blotting. Glucose, ceruloplasmin, total cholesterol, triglyceride concentrations, and ALT and AST activities were measured in sera by photometric methods. The null hypothesis tested was that PG and the time of its administration have no influence on the clock gene expression impaired by reverse feeding. Results Administration of PG at 7 AM to nighttime-feeding mice did not reveal any influence on the expression of the clock or inflammation-related genes either at midnight or at noon. In the daytime-feeding group, PG intake at 7 PM led to an increase in Per2 and Rev-erb alpha mRNA at noon, an increase in Ppar-γ mRNA at midnight, and a decrease in Nfκb (p65) mRNA at noon. In general, PG administration at 7 PM slightly normalized the impaired expression of clock genes and increased anti-inflammatory potency impaired by reversed feeding. This pattern was supported by biochemical substrate levels—glucose, total cholesterol, ALT, and AST activities. The decrease in NF-κB led to the inhibition of serum ceruloplasmin levels as well as IL-6 in liver tissue. According to our data, PG intake at 7 PM exerts strong normalization of clock gene expression with a further increase in Nrf2 and, especially, Ppar-γ and PPAR-γ expression with inhibition of Nfκb and pNF-κB expression in daytime-feeding mice. These expression changes resulted in decreased hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, ALT, and AST activities. Thus, PG had a potent chronopharmacological effect when administered at 7 PM to daytime-feeding mice. Conclusions Our study indicates that reversed feeding induced the disruption of mouse liver circadian expression pattern of clock genes accompanied by increasing Nfκb and pNF-κB and IL-6 expression and decreasing Nrf2 and PPAR-γ. Administration of PG restored the clock gene expression profile and decreased Nfκb, pNF-κB, and IL-6, as well as increased Nrf2, Ppar-γ, and PPAR-γ expression. PG intake at 7 PM was more effective than at 7 AM in reversed feeding mice.
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25
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Patel A, Aslam R, Jamil M, Ansari A, Khan S. The Effects of Growth Factors and Cytokines on Hepatic Regeneration: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e24539. [PMID: 35651436 PMCID: PMC9138487 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of liver disease increases throughout the years due to many lifestyle factors; thus, the only definite treatment available for chronic liver disease is a liver transplant. However, the liver has a natural ability to repair itself and regenerate its hepatic tissue from stem cells. It is hypothesized that by inducing the liver with specific growth factors and cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) compared to general growth factors like growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), it can regenerate, decreasing the need for liver transplant procedures. MEDLINE, the Journal of Hepatology, and Google Scholar were used to find articles. Various studies, including epidemiological studies dated from the year 2000 and greater, were used for the introduction. The results used only randomized control trials, experimental studies, and primary articles published since 2000. This compared the results of manipulating variables to determine the effects of hepatic regeneration by either specific hepatocyte growth factors or general growth factors like GDF-15. A total of 10 collected studies showed increased levels of gene expression and function, improved gross morphology, and histological appearance of the liver when induced by cytokines and specific growth factors versus general growth factors. Overall, the hypothesis was proven. The effects of GDF-15 were not significant compared to the effects of hepatocyte-specific growth factors and cytokines like IL-6 because they have two different effects on the liver after liver injury. Future studies should investigate this topic on the human hepatic regenerative ability, plus compare the effects of general growth factors like GDF-15 and specific hepatocyte growth factors and cytokines such as IL-6 in human liver tissue.
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Prenatal and adolescent alcohol exposure programs immunity across the lifespan: CNS-mediated regulation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 216:173390. [PMID: 35447157 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
For many individuals, first exposure to alcohol occurs either prenatally due to maternal drinking, or during adolescence, when alcohol consumption is most likely to be initiated. Prenatal Alcohol Exposure (PAE) and its associated Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) in humans is associated with earlier initiation of alcohol use and increased rates of Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD). Initiation of alcohol use and misuse in early adolescence correlates highly with later AUD diagnosis as well. Thus, PAE and adolescent binge drinking set the stage for long-term health consequences due to adverse effects of alcohol on subsequent immune function, effects that may persist across the lifespan. The overarching goal of this review, therefore, is to determine the extent to which early developmental exposure to alcohol produces long-lasting, and potentially life-long, changes in immunological function. Alcohol affects the whole body, yet most studies are narrowly focused on individual features of immune function, largely ignoring the systems-level interactions required for effective host defense. We therefore emphasize the crucial role of the Central Nervous System (CNS) in orchestrating host defense processes. We argue that alcohol-mediated disruption of host immunity can occur through both (a) direct action of ethanol on neuroimmune processes, that subsequently disrupt peripheral immune function (top down); and (b) indirect action of ethanol on peripheral immune organs/cells, which in turn elicit consequent changes in CNS neuroimmune function (bottom up). Recognizing that alcohol consumption across the entire body, we argue in favor of integrative, whole-organism approaches toward understanding alcohol effects on immune function, and highlight the need for more work specifically examining long-lasting effects of early developmental exposure to alcohol (prenatal and adolescent periods) on host immunity.
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HIF-1α modulates sex-specific Th17/Treg responses during hepatic amoebiasis. J Hepatol 2022; 76:160-173. [PMID: 34599999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS An invasive form of intestinal Entamoeba (E.) histolytica infection, which causes amoebic liver abscess, is more common in men than in women. Immunopathological mechanisms are responsible for the more severe outcome in males. Here, we used a mouse model of hepatic amoebiasis to investigate the contribution of hepatic hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α to T helper 17 (Th17)/regulatory T cell (Treg) responses in the context of the sex-specific outcome of liver damage. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were infected intrahepatically with E. histolytica trophozoites. HIF-1α expression was determined by qPCR, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Tregs and Th17 cells were analysed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Finally, male and female hepatocyte-specific Hif1α knockout mice were generated, and the effect of HIF-1α on abscess development, the cytokine milieu, and Th17/Treg differentiation was examined. RESULTS E. histolytica infection increased hepatic HIF-1α levels, along with the elevated frequencies of hepatic Th17 and Treg cells. While the Th17 cell population was larger in male mice, Tregs characterised by increased expression of Foxp3 in female mice. Male mice displayed increased IL-6 expression, contributing to immunopathology; this increase in IL-6 expression declined upon deletion of hepatic HIF-1α. In both sexes, hepatic deletion of HIF-1α reduced the Th17 cell frequency; however, the percentage of Tregs was reduced in female mice only. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic HIF-1α modulates the sex-specific outcome of murine E. histolytica infection. Our results suggest that in male mice, Th17 cells can be modulated by hepatic HIF-1α via IL-6, indicating marked involvement in the immunopathology underlying abscess development. Strong expression of Foxp3 by hepatic Tregs from female mice suggests a potent immunosuppressive function, leading to initiation of liver regeneration. LAY SUMMARY Infection with the parasite Entamoeba histolytica activates immunopathological mechanisms in male mice, which lead to liver abscesses that are larger than those in female mice. In the absence of the protein HIF-1α in hepatocytes, abscess formation is reduced; moreover, the sex difference in abscess size is abolished. These results suggest that HIF-1α modulates the immune response involved in the induction of immunopathology, resulting in differential disease susceptibility in males and females.
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Santos-Laso A, Gutiérrez-Larrañaga M, Alonso-Peña M, Medina JM, Iruzubieta P, Arias-Loste MT, López-Hoyos M, Crespo J. Pathophysiological Mechanisms in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: From Drivers to Targets. Biomedicines 2021; 10:biomedicines10010046. [PMID: 35052726 PMCID: PMC8773141 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by the excessive and detrimental accumulation of liver fat as a result of high-caloric intake and/or cellular and molecular abnormalities. The prevalence of this pathological event is increasing worldwide, and is intimately associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, among other comorbidities. To date, only therapeutic strategies based on lifestyle changes have exhibited a beneficial impact on patients with NAFLD, but unfortunately this approach is often difficult to implement, and shows poor long-term adherence. For this reason, great efforts are being made to elucidate and integrate the underlying pathological molecular mechanism, and to identify novel and promising druggable targets for therapy. In this regard, a large number of clinical trials testing different potential compounds have been performed, albeit with no conclusive results yet. Importantly, many other clinical trials are currently underway with results expected in the near future. Here, we summarize the key aspects of NAFLD pathogenesis and therapeutic targets in this frequent disorder, highlighting the most recent advances in the field and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Santos-Laso
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), 39008 Santander, Spain; (M.A.-P.); (J.M.M.); (P.I.); (M.T.A.-L.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.-L.); (J.C.)
| | - María Gutiérrez-Larrañaga
- Department of Immunology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), 39008 Santander, Spain; (M.G.-L.); (M.L.-H.)
| | - Marta Alonso-Peña
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), 39008 Santander, Spain; (M.A.-P.); (J.M.M.); (P.I.); (M.T.A.-L.)
| | - Juan M. Medina
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), 39008 Santander, Spain; (M.A.-P.); (J.M.M.); (P.I.); (M.T.A.-L.)
| | - Paula Iruzubieta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), 39008 Santander, Spain; (M.A.-P.); (J.M.M.); (P.I.); (M.T.A.-L.)
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Arias-Loste
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), 39008 Santander, Spain; (M.A.-P.); (J.M.M.); (P.I.); (M.T.A.-L.)
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos López-Hoyos
- Department of Immunology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), 39008 Santander, Spain; (M.G.-L.); (M.L.-H.)
| | - Javier Crespo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), 39008 Santander, Spain; (M.A.-P.); (J.M.M.); (P.I.); (M.T.A.-L.)
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.S.-L.); (J.C.)
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Ait Ahmed Y, Fu Y, Rodrigues RM, He Y, Guan Y, Guillot A, Ren R, Feng D, Hidalgo J, Ju C, Lafdil F, Gao B. Kupffer cell restoration after partial hepatectomy is mainly driven by local cell proliferation in IL-6-dependent autocrine and paracrine manners. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:2165-2176. [PMID: 34282300 PMCID: PMC8429713 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Kupffer cells (KCs), which are liver-resident macrophages, originate from the fetal yolk sac and represent one of the largest macrophage populations in the body. However, the current data on the origin of the cells that restore macrophages during liver injury and regeneration remain controversial. Here, we address the question of whether liver macrophage restoration results from circulating monocyte infiltration or local KC proliferation in regenerating livers after partial hepatectomy (PHx) and uncover the underlying mechanisms. By using several strains of genetically modified mice and performing immunohistochemical analyses, we demonstrated that local KC proliferation mainly contributed to the restoration of liver macrophages after PHx. Peak KC proliferation was impaired in Il6-knockout (KO) mice and restored after the administration of IL-6 protein, whereas KC proliferation was not affected in Il4-KO or Csf2-KO mice. The source of IL-6 was identified using hepatocyte- and myeloid-specific Il6-KO mice and the results revealed that both hepatocytes and myeloid cells contribute to IL-6 production after PHx. Moreover, peak KC proliferation was also impaired in myeloid-specific Il6 receptor-KO mice after PHx, suggesting that IL-6 signaling directly promotes KC proliferation. Studies using several inhibitors to block the IL-6 signaling pathway revealed that sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) contributed to IL-6-mediated KC proliferation in vitro. Genetic deletion of the Sirt1 gene in myeloid cells, including KCs, impaired KC proliferation after PHx. In conclusion, our data suggest that KC repopulation after PHx is mainly driven by local KC proliferation, which is dependent on IL-6 and SIRT1 activation in KCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeni Ait Ahmed
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Yaojie Fu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robim M Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yukun Guan
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adrien Guillot
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ruixue Ren
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan Hidalgo
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cynthia Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fouad Lafdil
- Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Créteil, France.
- INSERM U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Harrison SR, Burska AN, Emery P, Marzo-Ortega H, Ponchel F. Interferon-related gene expression in response to TNF inhibitor treatment in ankylosing spondylitis patients: a pilot study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:3607-3616. [PMID: 33393636 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis primarily affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints. TNF inhibitor (TNFi) drugs are recommended for patients not responding to NSAIDs; however, there is a significant need for biomarkers of response. IFN-regulated genes (IRGs) and other cytokines/chemokines are linked to autoimmune diseases and have been associated with treatment response. Our objective was to explore whether IRGs and cytokines/chemokines can be associated with response to TNFiagents in AS. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from 26 AS patients who were to receive a TNFi (I, n = 15) or placebo (P, n = 11) at week 0 and week 22. Response (R)/non-response (NR) was defined as reduction in ASDAS ≥ 1.2 points or reduction in sacroiliac/vertebral MRI lesions. The expression of 96 genes was quantified using TaqMan assays. Finally, ELISA was used to measure IL-6 in serum samples from another 38 AS patients. RESULTS Analysis of gene expression in 26 baseline samples segregated patients into four groups defined by a signature of 15 genes (mainly IRGs). ASDAS response was associated with one group independently of treatment received. We then analysed response to the TNFi (n = 15) and identified a 12-gene signature associated with MRI response. A third IRG signature was also associated with a reduction in IRGs expression post-TNFi samples (n = 10 pairs). Finally, decreased circulating IL-6 was associated with BASDAI-R. CONCLUSION This pilot study suggests an association between IRG expression and response to TNFi in AS. These findings require validation in a larger cohort in order to construct predictive algorithms for patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Harrison
- University of Leeds, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds, UK
| | - Agata N Burska
- University of Leeds, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds, UK
| | - Paul Emery
- University of Leeds, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds, UK.,NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Helena Marzo-Ortega
- University of Leeds, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds, UK.,NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Frederique Ponchel
- University of Leeds, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds, UK
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Synthetic Material Abdominal Swabs Reduce Activation of Platelets and Leukocytes Compared to Cotton Materials. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11071023. [PMID: 34356647 PMCID: PMC8301970 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During surgical procedures, cotton abdominal swabs with their high absorptive capacity and malleability are used to retain organs and absorb blood or other body fluids. Such properties of the natural material cotton are advantageous for most operations, but in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery, a high blood volume can accumulate in the thoracic cavity that is quickly retransfused via the heart-lung machine (HLM). This common practice is supposed to be safe due to the high anticoagulation. However, in vitro analyses showed that blood cells and plasma proteins were activated despite a high anticoagulation, which can propagate especially an inflammatory response in the patient. Thus, we investigated patients' blood during CPB surgery for inflammatory and coagulation-associated activation after contact to the HLM and either cotton or synthetic abdominal swabs. Contact with cotton significantly increased thrombocyte and neutrophil activation measured as β-thromboglobulin and PMN-elastase secretion, respectively, compared to synthetic abdominal swabs. Both inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL) 1β and IL6, were also significantly increased in the cotton over the synthetic patient group, while SDF-1α was significantly lower in the synthetic group. Our data show for the first time that cotton materials can activate platelets and leukocytes despite a high anticoagulation and that this activation is lower with synthetic materials. This additional activation due to the material on top of the activation exerted by the tissue contact that blood is exposed to during CPB surgery can propagate further reactions in patients after surgery, which poses a risk for this already vulnerable patient group.
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Golonka RM, Cooper JK, Issa R, Devarasetty PP, Gokula V, Busken J, Zubcevic J, Hill J, Vijay-Kumar M, Menon B, Joe B. Impact of Nutritional Epigenetics in Essential Hypertension: Targeting microRNAs in the Gut-Liver Axis. Curr Hypertens Rep 2021; 23:28. [PMID: 33961141 PMCID: PMC8105193 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-021-01142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the current knowledge on interactions between dietary factors and microRNAs (miRNAs) in essential hypertension (EH) pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS There exists an integration of maintenance signals generated by genetic, epigenetic, immune, and environmental (e.g., dietary) factors that work to sustain balance in the gut-liver axis. It is well established that an imbalance in this complex, intertwined system substantially increases the risk for EH. As such, pertinent research has been taken to decipher how each signal operates in isolation and together in EH progression. Recent literature indicates that both macro- and micronutrients interrupt regulatory miRNA expressions and thus, alter multiple cellular processes that contribute to EH and its comorbidities. We highlight how carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, salt, and potassium modify miRNA signatures during EH. The disruption in miRNA expression can negatively impact communication systems such as over activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, modulating the vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype, and promoting angiogenesis to favor EH. We also delineate the prognostic value of miRNAs in EH and discuss the pros and cons of surgical vs dietary prophylactic approaches in EH prevention. We propose that dietary-dependent perturbation of the miRNA profile is one mechanism within the gut-liver axis that dictates EH development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Golonka
- Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Block Health Science Bldg, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | | | - Rochell Issa
- The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | - Veda Gokula
- The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Joshua Busken
- The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Jasenka Zubcevic
- Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Block Health Science Bldg, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jennifer Hill
- Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Block Health Science Bldg, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Block Health Science Bldg, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Bindu Menon
- Department of Medical Education, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Room 3105B, CCE Bldg, 2920 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
| | - Bina Joe
- Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Block Health Science Bldg, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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Yang YJ, Kim DJ. An Overview of the Molecular Mechanisms Contributing to Musculoskeletal Disorders in Chronic Liver Disease: Osteoporosis, Sarcopenia, and Osteoporotic Sarcopenia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052604. [PMID: 33807573 PMCID: PMC7961345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia is significantly higher in patients with liver disease than in those without liver disease and osteoporosis and sarcopenia negatively influence morbidity and mortality in liver disease, yet these musculoskeletal disorders are frequently overlooked in clinical practice for patients with chronic liver disease. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of musculoskeletal disorders accompanying the pathogenesis of liver disease. The increased bone resorption through the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa (RANK)-RANK ligand (RANKL)-osteoprotegerin (OPG) system and upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and decreased bone formation through increased bilirubin and sclerostin and lower insulin-like growth factor-1 are important mechanisms for osteoporosis in patients with liver disease. Sarcopenia is associated with insulin resistance and obesity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, whereas hyperammonemia, low amount of branched chain amino acids, and hypogonadism contributes to sarcopenia in liver cirrhosis. The bidirectional crosstalk between muscle and bone through myostatin, irisin, β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), osteocalcin, as well as the activation of the RANK and the Wnt/β-catenin pathways are associated with osteosarcopenia. The increased understandings for these musculoskeletal disorders would be contributes to the development of effective therapies targeting the pathophysiological mechanism involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Joo Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon 24252, Korea;
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon 24253, Korea
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon 24252, Korea;
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon 24253, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Liver regeneration: biological and pathological mechanisms and implications. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:40-55. [PMID: 32764740 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-0342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 427] [Impact Index Per Article: 142.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The liver is the only solid organ that uses regenerative mechanisms to ensure that the liver-to-bodyweight ratio is always at 100% of what is required for body homeostasis. Other solid organs (such as the lungs, kidneys and pancreas) adjust to tissue loss but do not return to 100% of normal. The current state of knowledge of the regenerative pathways that underlie this 'hepatostat' will be presented in this Review. Liver regeneration from acute injury is always beneficial and has been extensively studied. Experimental models that involve partial hepatectomy or chemical injury have revealed extracellular and intracellular signalling pathways that are used to return the liver to equivalent size and weight to those prior to injury. On the other hand, chronic loss of hepatocytes, which can occur in chronic liver disease of any aetiology, often has adverse consequences, including fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver neoplasia. The regenerative activities of hepatocytes and cholangiocytes are typically characterized by phenotypic fidelity. However, when regeneration of one of the two cell types fails, hepatocytes and cholangiocytes function as facultative stem cells and transdifferentiate into each other to restore normal liver structure. Liver recolonization models have demonstrated that hepatocytes have an unlimited regenerative capacity. However, in normal liver, cell turnover is very slow. All zones of the resting liver lobules have been equally implicated in the maintenance of hepatocyte and cholangiocyte populations in normal liver.
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He Y, Hwang S, Ahmed YA, Feng D, Li N, Ribeiro M, Lafdil F, Kisseleva T, Szabo G, Gao B. Immunopathobiology and therapeutic targets related to cytokines in liver diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:18-37. [PMID: 33203939 PMCID: PMC7853124 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00580-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver injury with any etiology can progress to fibrosis and the end-stage diseases cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The progression of liver disease is controlled by a variety of factors, including liver injury, inflammatory cells, inflammatory mediators, cytokines, and the gut microbiome. In the current review, we discuss recent data on a large number of cytokines that play important roles in regulating liver injury, inflammation, fibrosis, and regeneration, with a focus on interferons and T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th9, Th17, interleukin (IL)-1 family, IL-6 family, and IL-20 family cytokines. Hepatocytes can also produce certain cytokines (such as IL-7, IL-11, and IL-33), and the functions of these cytokines in the liver are briefly summarized. Several cytokines have great therapeutic potential, and some are currently being tested as therapeutic targets in clinical trials for the treatment of liver diseases, which are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Seonghwan Hwang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yeni Ait Ahmed
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, F-94000, Créteil, France
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Na Li
- Department of Medicine and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Marcelle Ribeiro
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fouad Lafdil
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, F-94000, Créteil, France
- INSERM, U955, F-94000, Créteil, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, F-75231, Cedex 05, France
| | - Tatiana Kisseleva
- Department of Medicine and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Lo Nigro A, Gallo A, Bulati M, Vitale G, Paini DS, Pampalone M, Galvagno D, Conaldi PG, Miceli V. Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Paracrine Signals Potentiate Human Liver Organoid Differentiation: Translational Implications for Liver Regeneration. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:746298. [PMID: 34631757 PMCID: PMC8494784 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.746298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of end-stage liver diseases has reached very high levels globally. The election treatment for affected patients is orthotopic liver transplantation, which is a very complex procedure, and due to the limited number of suitable organ donors, considerable research is being done on alternative therapeutic options. For instance, the use of cell therapy, such as the transplantation of hepatocytes to promote liver repair/regeneration, has been explored, but standardized protocols to produce suitable human hepatocytes are still limited. On the other hand, liver progenitor and multipotent stem cells offer potential cell sources that could be used clinically. Different studies have reported regarding the therapeutic effects of transplanted mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) on end-stage liver diseases. Moreover, it has been shown that delivery of MSC-derived conditioned medium (MSC-CM) can reduce cell death and enhance liver proliferation in fulminant hepatic failure. Therefore, it is believed that MSC-CM contains many factors that probably support liver regeneration. In our work, we used an in vitro model of human liver organoids to study if the paracrine components secreted by human amnion-derived MSCs (hAMSCs) affected liver stem/progenitor cell differentiation. In particular, we differentiated liver organoids derived from bipotent EpCAM+ human liver cells and tested the effects of hAMSC secretome, derived from both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) hAMSC cultures, on that model. Our analysis showed that conditioned medium (CM) produced by 3D hAMSCs was able to induce an over-expression of mature hepatocyte markers, such as ALB, NTCP, and CYP3A4, compared with both 2D hAMSC cultures and the conventional differentiation medium (DM). These data were confirmed by the over-production of ALB protein and over-activity of CYP3A4 observed in organoids grown in 3D hAMSC-CM. Liver repair dysfunction plays a role in the development of liver diseases, and effective repair likely requires the normal functioning of liver stem/progenitor cells. Herein, we showed that hAMSC-CM produced mainly by 3D cultures had the potential to increase hepatic stem/progenitor cell differentiation, demonstrating that soluble factors secreted by those cells are potentially responsible for the reaction. This work shows a potential approach to improve liver repair/regeneration also in a transplantation setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessia Gallo
- Research Department, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessia Gallo
| | - Matteo Bulati
- Research Department, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - Mariangela Pampalone
- Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo, Italy
- Research Department, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Pier Giulio Conaldi
- Research Department, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - Vitale Miceli
- Research Department, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
- Vitale Miceli
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Paspala A, Papakonstantinou D, Prodromidou A, Danias N, Machairas A, Agrogiannis G, Machairas N, Zavras NJ, Patapis P, Pikoulis E. The Effects of Ursodeoxycholic Acid Pretreatment in an Experimental Setting of Extended Hepatectomy: A Feasibility Study. Cureus 2020; 12:e12120. [PMID: 33489534 PMCID: PMC7810173 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Liver regeneration is an exceptionally complex process, orchestrated by a multitude of growth factors and cytokines. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) and interleukin-6 (Il-6) have a pivotal role in the initiation of the regenerative response. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) exhibits a liver protective effect that enhances liver growth after injury. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of UDCA in the circulating levels of TNF-a and Il-6 in rats undergoing extended 80% hepatectomy. Materials and methods Twenty-two male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned in an experimental (UDCA group) and a control group. Mice in the UDCA-group received oral pretreatment of UDCA for two weeks preoperatively at a dosage of 25 mg/kg/day. An 80% hepatic resection was performed in both groups by resecting the middle, inferior right, and left lateral liver lobes. The experiment ended 48 hours postoperatively. Results UDCA pretreatment significantly depressed circulating levels of both TNF-a and Il-6 after the conclusion of the experiment as compared to the control group (p=0.001 and p=0.01, respectively). Furthermore, TNF-a levels were significantly reduced before the institution of liver injury (p=0.02). Mice in the UDCA-group exhibited better liver growth as demonstrated by significantly increased Ki-67 and mitotic rate (p=0.04 and p=0.02, respectively). Finally, the liver regeneration rate (LRR) was significantly elevated in the experimental group (UDCA group, 54.5% vs control group, 35.8%; p=0.002) signifying enhanced liver growth kinetics. Conclusion UDCA reduces the expression of TNF-a and Il-6 during the priming phase of liver regeneration. An 80% hepatectomy model of acute liver failure exhibited enhanced liver regeneration in the experimental group, plausibly due to the immunomodulatory effects of UDCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Paspala
- Third Department of Surgery, Attikon University General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Dimitrios Papakonstantinou
- Third Department of Surgery, Attikon University General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Anastasia Prodromidou
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Nick Danias
- Fourth Department of Surgery, Attikon University General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Anastasios Machairas
- Third Department of Surgery, Attikon University General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Georgios Agrogiannis
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Medicine, Athens, GRC
| | - Nikolaos Machairas
- Third Department of Surgery, Attikon University General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Nikolaos J Zavras
- Third Department of Surgery, Attikon University General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Paulos Patapis
- Third Department of Surgery, Attikon University General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Emmanouil Pikoulis
- Third Department of Surgery, Attikon University General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
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Oswald DM, Jones MB, Cobb BA. Modulation of hepatocyte sialylation drives spontaneous fatty liver disease and inflammation. Glycobiology 2020; 30:346-359. [PMID: 31742330 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulatory protein glycosylation is a biomarker of multiple disease and inflammatory states and has been applied in the clinic for liver dysfunction, heart disease and diabetes. With the notable exception of antibodies, the liver produces most of the circulatory glycoproteins, including the acute phase proteins released as a function of the inflammatory response. Among these proteins is β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase (ST6Gal1), an enzyme required for α2,6-linked sialylation of glycoproteins. Here, we describe a hepatocyte-specific conditional knockout of ST6Gal1 (H-cKO) using albumin promoter-driven Cre-lox recombination. We confirm the loss of circulatory glycoprotein α2,6 sialylation and note no obvious dysfunction or pathology in young H-cKO mice, yet these mice show robust changes in plasma glycoprotein fucosylation, branching and the abundance of bisecting GlcNAc and marked changes in a number of metabolic pathways. As H-cKO mice aged, they spontaneously developed fatty liver disease characterized by the buildup of fat droplets in the liver, inflammatory cytokine production and a shift in liver leukocyte phenotype away from anti-inflammatory Kupffer cells and towards proinflammatory M1 macrophages. These findings connect hepatocyte and circulatory glycoprotein sialylation to the regulation of metabolism and inflammation, potentially identifying the glycome as a new target for liver-driven disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M Oswald
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mark B Jones
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Brian A Cobb
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Imaculada de Queiroz Rodrigues M, Ohana de Lima Martins J, Silva PGDB, Carlos Ferreira Júnior AE, Quezado Lima Verde ME, Sousa FB, Lima Mota MR, Negreiros Nunes Alves AP. Tocilizumab, a Potent Interleukin-6 Receptor Inhibitor, Decreases Bone Resorption and Increases the Rate of Bacterial Infection After Tooth Extraction in Rats. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 78:2138-2146. [PMID: 32919953 PMCID: PMC7428756 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our objective was to evaluate the influence of pretreatment with tocilizumab (TCZ) in bone healing after tooth extraction in rats. METHODS Wistar male rats were equally divided into sham (ie, nonoperated), saline (both treated with 0.1 ml/kg saline), and six TCZ groups treated with 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 mg/kg TCZ (TCZ1 to TCZ32, respectively). Twenty-four hours after administration of vehicle or TCZ, exodontia of the first lower left molar was performed, and the animals were euthanized three days later for hematological analysis and organ (liver, spleen, and kidney mass indexes, and histological evaluation), gingiva (myeloperoxidase [MPO] assay), and mandible (radiographic, histomorphometric analysis, and IL-6 immunostaining) evaluation. Analysis of variance/Bonferroni test (statistical significance, P < .05) was performed using GraphPad Prism version 5.0 (GraphPad Inc, San Diego, CA, USA). RESULTS There was no difference in radiographic results; however, leukopenia (P = .039) and neutropenia (P < .001) were statistically significant in the TCZ16 and TCZ32 groups. Weight loss (P < .001) and reduced liver index (P = .001) were significantly dose-dependent; however, no histological alterations were observed in the other organs. Osteoclast counts were reduced in groups TCZ4 to TCZ32 (P < .001), and IL-6 immunostaining increased in the TCZ8 to TCZ32 groups (P < .001). Alveolar infection rates increased in groups TCZ4 to TCZ32 (P < .001), and MPO had a biphasic response, exhibiting a reduction in groups TCZ2 and TCZ4, and an increase in group TCZ32 (P = .004). CONCLUSION TCZ-induced immunosuppression led to a reduction in osteoclast function, an increase in alveolar infection, and compensatory neutrophil infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paulo Goberlânio de Barros Silva
- Professor, Laboratory of Bucodental Pathology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Professor, Unichristus, Department of Dentistry, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | | | - Maria Elisa Quezado Lima Verde
- PhD Student, Laboratory of Bucodental Pathology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; PhD Student, Unichristus, Department of Dentistry, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Bitú Sousa
- Professor, Laboratory of Bucodental Pathology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Professor, Unichristus, Department of Dentistry, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Mário Rogério Lima Mota
- Professor, Laboratory of Bucodental Pathology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Savage SA, Zarzaur BL, Gaski GE, McCarroll T, Zamora R, Namas RA, Vodovotz Y, Callcut RA, Billiar TR, McKinley TO. Insights into the association between coagulopathy and inflammation: abnormal clot mechanics are a warning of immunologic dysregulation following major injury. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1576. [PMID: 33437775 PMCID: PMC7791215 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Severe injury initiates a complex physiologic response encompassing multiple systems and varies phenotypically between patients. Trauma-induced coagulopathy may be an early warning of a poorly coordinated response at the molecular level, including a deleterious immunologic response and worsening of shock states. The onset of trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) may be subtle however. In previous work, we identified an early warning sign of coagulopathy from the admission thromboelastogram, called the MAR ratio. We hypothesized that a low MAR ratio would be associated with specific derangements in the inflammatory response. Methods In this prospective, observational study, 88 blunt trauma patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) were identified. Concentrations of inflammatory mediators were recorded serially over the course of a week and the MAR ratio was calculated from the admission thromboelastogram. Correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between MAR and inflammatory mediators. Dynamic network analysis was used to assess coordination of immunologic response. Results Seventy-nine percent of patients were male and mean age was 37 years (SD 12). The mean ISS was 30.2 (SD 12) and mortality was 7.2%. CRITICAL patients (MAR ratio ≤14.2) had statistically higher shock volumes at three time points in the first day compared to NORMAL patients (MAR ratio >14.2). CRITICAL patients had significant differences in IL-6 (P=0.0065), IL-8 (P=0.0115), IL-10 (P=0.0316) and MCP-1 (P=0.0039) concentrations compared to NORMAL. Differences in degree of expression and discoordination of immune response continued in CRITICAL patients throughout the first day. Conclusions The admission MAR ratio may be the earliest warning signal of a pathologic inflammatory response associated with hypoperfusion and TIC. A low MAR ratio is an early indication of complicated dysfunction of multiple molecular processes following trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Savage
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ben L Zarzaur
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Greg E Gaski
- Department of Orthopedics, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Tyler McCarroll
- Department of Orthopedics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ruben Zamora
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rami A Namas
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yoram Vodovotz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rachael A Callcut
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Todd O McKinley
- Department of Orthopedics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Vergallo C. Infusion of HLA-matched and static magnetic field-exposed allogenic lymphocytes treating lymphocytopenia and cytokine storm syndrome: A treatment proposal for COVID-19 patients. Electromagn Biol Med 2020; 40:11-25. [PMID: 33073612 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2020.1830290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Among haematological parameters of patients seriously ill with the coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19), leucocytosis, lymphocytopenia, and the abnormal release of circulating cytokines, termed cytokine storm syndrome (CSS, also known as cytokine release syndrome or CRS), were found associated with disease severity. In particular, according to the serum cytokine profiling, pro-inflammatory interleukin 6 (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 (IL-10) were observed to be considerably higher in patients experiencing respiratory distress, septic shock and/or multi-organ failure, namely "critical cases" requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission, very often resulting in death. Interestingly, the production of these cytokines from human lymphocytes was found to be modulated by exposure of 24 h to a 554.2-553.8 mT inhomogeneous static magnetic field (SMF), which elicits IL-10 and suppresses IL-6. Thus, herein, with the aim of restoring lymphocyte count and physiological serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10, the infusion of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched and SMF-exposed allogenic lymphocytes is proposed for the first time as an easy and affordable treatment option for COVID-19 patients. Even if the count of lymphocytes in COVID-19 patients is very low, SMF exposure may be a valuable tool for reprogramming autologous lymphocytes towards physiological conditions. Furthermore, the same procedure could be extended to include the whole autologous or allogenic white blood cells (WBCs). Time-varying/pulsed magnetic fields exerting comparable cell effects could also be employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Vergallo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio" , Chieti, Italy
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Song H, Canup BSB, Ngo VL, Denning TL, Garg P, Laroui H. Internalization of Garlic-Derived Nanovesicles on Liver Cells is Triggered by Interaction With CD98. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:23118-23128. [PMID: 32954162 PMCID: PMC7495725 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of how plant-derived nanovesicles are uptaken by cells remains unknown. In this study, the garlic-derived nanovesicles (GDVs) were isolated and digested with trypsin to remove all surface proteins. Digested GDVs showed less uptake compared to undigested GDVs, confirming that the surface proteins played a role in the endocytosis. On the cell side (HepG2), interestingly, blocking the CD98 receptors significantly reduced the uptake of GDVs. During the cellular internalization of GDVs, we observed that some surface proteins of GDVs were co-localized with CD98. A total lysate of the GDV surface showed a high presence of a mannose-specific binding protein, II lectin. Blocking GDV II lectin (using mannose preincubation) highly reduced the GDV internalization, which supports that direct interaction between II lectin and CD98 plays an important role in internalization. The GDVs also exhibited in vitro anti-inflammatory effect by downregulating proinflammatory factors on the HepG2 cells. This work contributes to understanding a part of the GDV internalization process and the cellular anti-inflammatory effects of garlic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heliang Song
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics (CDT), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Brandon S. B. Canup
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics (CDT), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Vu L. Ngo
- Department
of Biology, Institute for Biomedical Sciences (IBMS), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Timothy L. Denning
- Department
of Biology, Institute for Biomedical Sciences (IBMS), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Pallavi Garg
- Department
of Biology, Institute for Biomedical Sciences (IBMS), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Hamed Laroui
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics (CDT), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
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Kim D, Choi JW, Han S, Gwak MS, Kim GS, Jeon SY, Ryu S, Hahm TS, Ko JS. Ischemic Preconditioning Protects Against Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Under Propofol Anesthesia in Rats. Transplant Proc 2020; 52:2964-2969. [PMID: 32586662 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propofol is widely used in general anesthesia, and it has been reported to protect various organs against ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), including liver. To evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of ischemic preconditioning (IP) under propofol anesthesia, we investigated the possible underlying mechanisms in rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups: sham group (n = 5), non-IP group (n = 9; 45 minutes of hepatic ischemia followed by 2 hours of reperfusion), and IP group (n = 9; IP applied as 10 minutes of hepatic ischemia followed by 15 minutes of reperfusion before 45 minutes of ischemia). Anesthesia was maintained with intravenous (IV) infusion of propofol (800 μg/kg/min). Liver enzymes, histopathological changes, and cytokine expression were examined. RESULTS The IP group showed significantly lower liver enzyme levels (aspartate aminotransferase, P = .045; alanine aminotransferase, P = .006) and reduced the histologic grades of hepatic injury 2 hours after reperfusion (P = .004) compared to the non-IP group. Lactate dehydrogenase activity (P < .001) and interleukin-6 mRNA levels were significantly higher in the non-IP group than in the sham and IP groups (P = .002, both groups). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that IP under propofol anesthesia significantly attenuated hepatic IRI. The principal mechanism of the protective effects appeared to involve reduced expression of the IL-6 pro-inflammatory cytokine and subsequent reduction of the degree of necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyeon Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Won Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangbin Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Sook Gwak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gaab Soo Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Yeon Jeon
- Department of Laboratory Animal Research, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Ryu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Soo Hahm
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Justin Sangwook Ko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Impaired peroxisomal import in Drosophila oenocytes causes cardiac dysfunction by inducing upd3 as a peroxikine. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2943. [PMID: 32523050 PMCID: PMC7286907 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16781-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a chronic, low-grade inflammation, which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. It remains poorly understood whether pro-inflammatory factors released from non-cardiac tissues contribute to the non-autonomous regulation of age-related cardiac dysfunction. Here, we report that age-dependent induction of cytokine unpaired 3 (upd3) in Drosophila oenocytes (hepatocyte-like cells) is the primary non-autonomous mechanism for cardiac aging. We show that upd3 is significantly up-regulated in aged oenocytes. Oenocyte-specific knockdown of upd3 is sufficient to block aging-induced cardiac arrhythmia. We further show that the age-dependent induction of upd3 is triggered by impaired peroxisomal import and elevated JNK signaling in aged oenocytes. We term hormonal factors induced by peroxisome dysfunction as peroxikines. Intriguingly, oenocyte-specific overexpression of Pex5, the key peroxisomal import receptor, blocks age-related upd3 induction and alleviates cardiac arrhythmicity. Thus, our studies identify an important role of hepatocyte-specific peroxisomal import in mediating non-autonomous regulation of cardiac aging.
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Märklin M, Bugl S, Wirths S, Frick JS, Müller MR, Kopp HG, Schneidawind D. Oral intake of lipopolysaccharide regulates toll-like receptor 4-dependent granulopoiesis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:1254-1259. [PMID: 32515223 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220931043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT In our present study, we investigated the impact of LPS on neutrophil homeostasis and found that oral intake is sufficient to induce hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell fate decisions towards the neutrophil lineage independent of G-CSF. In addition, TLR4 has been identified as the indispensable sensor for oral LPS-modulated steady-state granulopoiesis. We provide evidence that the gastrointestinal microbiome is critical for neutrophil homeostasis, which has implications for patients being treated with chemotherapy or antimicrobial therapy, since both are significantly influencing the composition of the intestinal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Märklin
- Germany Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany.,DFG Cluster of Excellence 2180 'Image-guided and Functional Instructed Tumor Therapy' (iFIT), Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bugl
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirths
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Julia-Stefanie Frick
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Martin R Müller
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Klinikum Region Hannover, KRH Klinikum Siloah, Hannover 30459, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Kopp
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany.,Department of Molecular Oncology and Thoracic Oncology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart 70376, Germany
| | - Dominik Schneidawind
- DFG Cluster of Excellence 2180 'Image-guided and Functional Instructed Tumor Therapy' (iFIT), Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen 72076, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
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Mo R, Feng XX, Wu YN, Wang H, He YP, Sun HH, Guo F, Chen Q, Yan W, Li PY, Liu M, Zhang GM, Tian DA, Feng ZH. Hepatocytes paradoxically affect intrahepatic IFN-γ production in autoimmune hepatitis due to Gal-9 expression and TLR2/4 ligand release. Mol Immunol 2020; 123:106-115. [PMID: 32485469 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocytes are the targets in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) that results in T cell-dependent liver injury. However, hepatocytes may also affect the hepatic T cells in AIH, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we report that hepatocytes could secrete galectin-9 (Gal-9) to suppress the intrahepatic production of Th1 cytokine IFN-γ and restrict AIH development, but hepatocyte damage resulted in opposite effects due to release of TLR2/4 ligands that promoted the intrahepatic production of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12. Through Tim-3, Gal-9 could efficiently suppress the intrahepatic T cell activation despite presence of TLR2/4 ligands, thus attenuating Th1 response in AIH. Intriguingly, intrahepatic IL-6/IL-12 suppressed the effect of TGF-β on Treg cells. Therefore, in AIH, Gal-9 promoted Foxp3 expression and function of hepatic Treg cells through TL1A signaling, although Treg function was still impaired, compared with that in naive state. Due to its promoting effect on Treg function, together with its effect on T effector cells in a Tim-3-independent way, Gal-9 could attenuate intrahepatic IFN-γ production by hindering the increase of hepatic CD4+CD43+ T cells resulting from extrahepatic T cell activation. TLR2/4 ligands attenuated the effects of Gal-9 on Treg cells and CD4+CD43+ T cells by increasing intrahepatic IL-6 and IL-12. Blocking TLR2/4 ligands could efficiently suppress intrahepatic IFN-γ production, liver injury, and hepatic fibrosis. These findings suggest that hepatocytes paradoxically affect Th1 response in AIH due to Gal-9 expression and TLR2/4 ligands release, and that targeting TLR2/4 signaling may provide an important approach in the therapeutic strategy for AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Mo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Xia Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ya-Nan Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Pei He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan-Huan Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Yuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Mei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - De-An Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuo-Hua Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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Huot JR, Novinger LJ, Pin F, Bonetto A. HCT116 colorectal liver metastases exacerbate muscle wasting in a mouse model for the study of colorectal cancer cachexia. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm043166. [PMID: 31915140 PMCID: PMC6994937 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.043166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is often accompanied by formation of liver metastases (LM) and skeletal muscle wasting, i.e. cachexia. Despite affecting the majority of CRC patients, cachexia remains underserved, understudied and uncured. Animal models for the study of CRC-induced cachexia, in particular models containing LM, are sparse; therefore, we aimed to characterize two new models of CRC cachexia. Male NSG mice were injected subcutaneously (HCT116) or intrasplenically (mHCT116) with human HCT116 CRC tumor cells to disseminate LM, whereas experimental controls received saline (n=5-8/group). Tumor growth was accompanied by loss of skeletal muscle mass (HCT116: -20%; mHCT116: -31%; quadriceps muscle) and strength (HCT116: -20%; mHCT116: -27%), with worsened loss of skeletal muscle mass in mHCT116 compared with HCT116 (gastrocnemius: -19%; tibialis anterior: -22%; quadriceps: -21%). Molecular analyses revealed elevated protein ubiquitination in HCT116, whereas mHCT116 also displayed elevated Murf1 and atrogin-1 expression, along with reduced mitochondrial proteins PGC1α, OPA1, mitofusin 2 and cytochrome C. Further, elevated IL6 levels were found in the blood of mHCT116 hosts, which was associated with higher phosphorylation of STAT3 in skeletal muscle. To clarify whether STAT3 was a main player in muscle wasting in this model, HCT116 cells were co-cultured with C2C12 myotubes. Marked myotube atrophy (-53%) was observed, along with elevated phospho-STAT3 levels (+149%). Conversely, inhibition of STAT3 signaling by means of a JAK/STAT3 inhibitor was sufficient to rescue myotube atrophy induced by HCT116 cells (+55%). Overall, our results indicate that the formation of LM exacerbates cachectic phenotype and associated skeletal muscle molecular alterations in HCT116 tumor hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Huot
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Leah J Novinger
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Fabrizio Pin
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Andrea Bonetto
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- IUPUI Center for Cachexia Research Innovation and Therapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Local immune depression in Baltic cod ( Gadus morhua) liver infected with Contracaecum osculatum. J Helminthol 2020; 94:e112. [PMID: 31907099 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x19001111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Third-stage larvae of the anisakid nematode Contracaecum osculatum infecting cod (Gadus morhua) liver elicit a host immune response involving both innate and adaptive factors, but the reactions differ between liver and spleen. Inflammatory reactions occur in both liver and spleen, but a series of immune effector genes are downregulated in liver infected with nematodes whereas these genes in spleen from the same fish are upregulated. A series of novel primer and probe sets targeting cod immune responses were developed and applied in a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction set-up to measure the expression of immune-relevant genes in liver and spleen of infected and uninfected cod. In infected liver, 12 of 23 genes were regulated. Genes encoding cytokines associated with inflammatory reactions (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8) were significantly upregulated, whereas genes encoding effector molecules, assisting the elimination of pathogens, C-reactive protein (CRP)-PII, hepcidin, lysozyme G1, lysozyme G2, C3 and IgDm, were significantly downregulated. The number of downregulated genes increased with the parasite burden. In spleen, 14 of 23 immune genes showed significant regulation and nine of these were upregulated, including genes encoding CRPI, CRPII, C3, hepcidin and transferrin. The general gene expression level was higher in spleen compared to liver, and although inflammation was induced in nematode-infected liver, the effector molecule genes were depressed, which suggests a worm-induced immune suppression locally in the liver.
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Ninić A, Zdravković M, Radosavljević V, Gardijan V, Memon L, Vekić J, Spasojević-Kalimanovska V. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as metabolic consequence of obstructive sleep apnea. ARHIV ZA FARMACIJU 2020. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm70-27586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) as a worldwide prevalent condition carries risk for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, ultimately increasing overall mortality rates. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can be considered as the primary metabolic disease, but also as a coexisting OSA comorbidity. Although prevalence of NAFLD covers quarter of world population, it increases with OSA presence. It can be speculated that chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) and sympathetic nervous system overactivity are involved in NAFLD pathogenesis and progression from simple steatosis through steatohepatitis to fibrosis. CIH provides the environment for liver oxidative stress, inflammation and increases the expression of genes involved in cholesterol and fatty acids synthesis. Catecholamines increase b-oxidation in liver and release free fatty acids from adipose tissue in plasma which inhibit insulin effects. Obesity and insulin resistance as key players in NAFLD development and advancement, deepen vicious circle of oxidative stress, inflammation and dyslipidemia. If not treated, OSA in NAFLD patients has been associated with inflammation, hepatocytes' necrosis, and fibrosis. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) represents gold standard for OSA therapy, allowing the unimpeded air passage through upper parts of respiratory system. However, it has been demonstrated that CPAP therapy have beneficial effects on cardiometabolic outcomes and slow liver degeneration.
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Gómez-Mariano G, Matamala N, Martínez S, Justo I, Marcacuzco A, Jimenez C, Monzón S, Cuesta I, Garfia C, Martínez MT, Huch M, Pérez de Castro I, Posada M, Janciauskiene S, Martínez-Delgado B. Liver organoids reproduce alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency-related liver disease. Hepatol Int 2019; 14:127-137. [PMID: 31832977 PMCID: PMC6994530 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-019-10007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is a product of SERPINA1 gene mainly expressed by hepatocytes. Clinically relevant mutations in the SERPINA1 gene, such as Z (Glu342Lys), results in an expression of misfolded AAT protein having high propensity to polymerize, accumulate in hepatocytes and thus to enhance a risk for hepatocyte damage and subsequent liver disease. So far, the relationship between the Z-AAT accumulation and liver cell damage remains not completely understood. We present three-dimensional organoid culture systems, as a novel tool for modeling Z-AAT-related liver diseases. METHODS We have established liver organoids from liver biopsies of patients with homozygous (ZZ) and heterozygous (MZ) deficiency and normal (MM) genotypes of AAT. The features of these organoid models were characterized by analyzing AAT protein secretion and intracellular aggregation in MZ and ZZ genotypes as well as SERPINA1 expression in differentiated cultures. RESULTS Transcriptional analysis of differentiated organoid cultures by RNA-Seq showed hepatocyte-specific gene expression profile. Genes, such as ALB, APOB, CYP3A4 and SERPINA1, were validated and confirmed through quantitative-PCR analysis. The organoids from MZ and ZZ cases showed intracellular aggregation and lower secretion of AAT protein, and lower expression of ALB and APOB, as typically seen in hepatocytes from Z-AAT deficiency patients. Furthermore, organoids responded to external stimulus. Treatment with oncostatin M, a well-known inducer of SERPINA1, increased expression of the full-length transcripts (AAT-1C) as well as the short transcript of AAT (AAT-ST1C4). CONCLUSIONS Liver organoid model recapitulates the key features of Z-AAT deficiency and provides a useful tool for disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Gómez-Mariano
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Institute of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km2,200, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Matamala
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Institute of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km2,200, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Selene Martínez
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Institute of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km2,200, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iago Justo
- General and Digestive Surgery Department, Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Marcacuzco
- General and Digestive Surgery Department, Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Jimenez
- General and Digestive Surgery Department, Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Monzón
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Cuesta
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Garfia
- Digestive Department, Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Meritxell Huch
- Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ignacio Pérez de Castro
- Gene Therapy Unit, Institute of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Posada
- Institute of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases, CIBERER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabina Janciauskiene
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Delgado
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Institute of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km2,200, 28220 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases, CIBERER, Madrid, Spain
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