1
|
Li W, Zhu L, Chen Y, Zhuo Y, Wan S, Guo R. Association between mitochondrial DNA levels and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:866. [PMID: 37993802 PMCID: PMC10664364 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05358-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction leading to disturbances in energy metabolism has emerged as one of the risk factors in the pathogenesis of depression. Numerous studies have identified alterations in the content of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid of individuals with depression. Researchers have sought to establish a clear association between mtDNA and depression. Consequently, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to assess the existing evidence regarding the impact of mtDNA on depression. METHODS This study conducted a thorough search of the following databases up to March 13, 2023: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, the Web of Science, Wanfang Database, SINOMED, the China Science and Technology Journal Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. The meta-analysis was carried out using RevMan (version 5.4) and Stata (version 16.0) software. In addition, publication bias was assessed with funnel plots, Begg's test and Egger's test. RESULTS Our analysis included data from 10 articles, including 12 studies for further examination. A total of 1400 participants were included in this study, comprising 709 (including 300 males and 409 females) patients with depression and 691 (including 303 males and 388 females) healthy controls. The average age of depressed patients was (42.98 ± 2.55) years, and the average age of healthy people was (41.71 ± 2.6) years. The scales used to assess outcomes are Hamilton-rating scale for Depression(4 articles), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale(3 articles), and Mini-Internatioal Neuropsychiatric Interview (1 articles). The meta-analysis revealed significantly higher levels of mtDNA in circulating blood samples and skin fibroblasts of individuals with depression in comparison to healthy controls [standardized mean difference(SMD) = 0.42, 95% confidence intervals(CI): 0.16, 0.67]. CONCLUSIONS Our study concludes that there is a significant (p < 0.05) increase in mtDNA levels in serum, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid in individuals with depression. These findings suggest that mtDNA could serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosing depression. REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO CRD42023414285.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Li
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Lingqun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yudi Zhuo
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shurun Wan
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Rongjuan Guo
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Czarny P, Ziółkowska S, Kołodziej Ł, Watała C, Wigner-Jeziorska P, Bliźniewska-Kowalska K, Wachowska K, Gałecka M, Synowiec E, Gałecki P, Bijak M, Szemraj J, Śliwiński T. Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Genes Maintaining the Stability of Mitochondrial DNA Affect the Occurrence, Onset, Severity and Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14752. [PMID: 37834200 PMCID: PMC10573273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the key features of major depressive disorder (MDD, depression) is increased oxidative stress manifested by elevated levels of mtROS, a hallmark of mitochondrial dysfunction, which can arise from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage. Thus, the current study explores possibility that the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes encoding the three enzymes that are thought to be implicated in the replication, repair or degradation of mtDNA, i.e., POLG, ENDOG and EXOG, have an impact on the occurrence, onset, severity and treatment of MDD. Five SNPs were selected: EXOG c.-188T > G (rs9838614), EXOG c.*627G > A (rs1065800), POLG c.-1370T > A (rs1054875), ENDOG c.-394T > C (rs2977998) and ENDOG c.-220C > T (rs2997922), while genotyping was performed on 538 DNA samples (277 cases and 261 controls) using TaqMan probes. All SNPs of EXOG and ENDOG modulated the risk of depression, but the strongest effect was observed for rs1065800, while rs9838614 and rs2977998 indicate that they might influence the severity of symptoms, and, to a lesser extent, treatment effectiveness. Although the SNP located in POLG did not affect occurrence of the disease, the result suggests that it may influence the onset and treatment outcome. These findings further support the hypothesis that mtDNA damage and impairment in its metabolism play a crucial role not only in the development, but also in the treatment of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Czarny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Sylwia Ziółkowska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Łukasz Kołodziej
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (Ł.K.)
| | - Cezary Watała
- Department of Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Paulina Wigner-Jeziorska
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland;
| | | | - Katarzyna Wachowska
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, 91-229 Lodz, Poland; (K.B.-K.); (K.W.); (P.G.)
| | - Małgorzata Gałecka
- Department of Psychotherapy, Medical University of Lodz, 91-229 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Synowiec
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (Ł.K.)
| | - Piotr Gałecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, 91-229 Lodz, Poland; (K.B.-K.); (K.W.); (P.G.)
| | - Michał Bijak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Tomasz Śliwiński
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (Ł.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ochi S, Roy B, Prall K, Shelton RC, Dwivedi Y. Strong associations of telomere length and mitochondrial copy number with suicidality and abuse history in adolescent depressed individuals. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3920-3929. [PMID: 37735501 PMCID: PMC10730407 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly prevalent in adolescents and is a major risk factor for suicidality. Recent evidence shows that accelerated cellular senescence/aging is associated with psychiatric illness, including depression, in adults. The present study examined if the relationships of telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), two critical indicators of cellular senescence/aging, are altered in depressed adolescents and whether these alterations are associated with suicidality, early-life adversities, and other co-occuring factors. In genomic DNA isolated from 53 adolescents (ages 16-19, 19 MDD with suicide attempt/suicidal ideation [MDD + SI/SA], 14 MDD without SA/SI [MDD-SI/SA], and 20 healthy controls [HC]), TL and mtDNAcn were measured as the ratio between the number of telomere repeats and that of a single-copy nuclear-hemoglobin [HBG] gene or the amount of mtDNA (NADH dehydrogenase, subunit 1) relative to HBG. Our data show that TL was significantly lower, and mtDNAcn was significantly higher in the total MDD group than HC. TL was significantly lower and mtDNAcn was significantly higher in the MDD + SA/SI group than in the HC, whereas there were no differences in the MDD-SI/SA group. TL was positively correlated with mtDNAcn in both HC and MDD-SA/SI groups; however, TL was negatively correlated with mtDNAcn in MDD + SA/SI. Furthermore, TL was negatively correlated with the severity of both depression and anxiety, while mtDNAcn was positively correlated with the severity of prior emotional abuse. Our study indicates that cellular senescence is more advanced in depressed adolescents with suicidal ideation and that childhood emotional abuse may participate in such a process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Ochi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Bhaskar Roy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Kevin Prall
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Richard C Shelton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Yogesh Dwivedi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ryan KM, Doody E, McLoughlin DM. Whole blood mitochondrial DNA copy number in depression and response to electroconvulsive therapy. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 121:110656. [PMID: 36216200 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction may play a role in various psychiatric conditions. Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), the ratio of mitochondrial DNA to nuclear DNA, represents an attractive marker of mitochondrial health that is easily measured from stored DNA samples, and has been shown to be altered in depression. In this study, we measured mtDNAcn in whole blood samples from medicated patients with depression (n = 100) compared to healthy controls (n = 89) and determined the relationship between mtDNAcn and depression severity and the therapeutic response to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). We also explored the relationship between mtDNAcn and telomere length and inflammatory markers. Our results show that mtDNAcn was significantly elevated in blood from patients with depression when compared to control samples, and this result survived statistical adjustment for potential confounders (p = 0.002). mtDNAcn was significantly elevated in blood from subgroups of patients with non-psychotic or unipolar depression. There was no difference in mtDNAcn noted in subgroups of ECT remitters/non-remitters or responders/non-responders. Moreover, mtDNAcn was not associated with depression severity, telomere length, or circulating inflammatory marker concentrations. Overall, our results show that mtDNAcn is elevated in blood from patients with depression, though whether this translates to mitochondrial function is unknown. Further work is required to clarify the contribution of mitochondria and mtDNA to the pathophysiology of depression and the therapeutic response to antidepressant treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Ryan
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, St. Patrick's University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, James Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Eimear Doody
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Patrick's University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, James Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Declan M McLoughlin
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, St. Patrick's University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, James Street, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lyu L, Yu J, Liu Y, He S, Zhao Y, Qi M, Ping F, Xu L, Li W, Zhang H, Li Y. High Hemoglobin Glycation Index Is Associated With Telomere Attrition Independent of HbA1c, Mediated by TNFα. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:462-473. [PMID: 34562085 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) is correlated with metabolic diseases and inflammation. Whether the HGI is associated with the aging process and how inflammation and oxidative stress affect the relationship remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to analyze links between the HGI and aging biomarkers, and to explore a potential role of inflammation and oxidative stress in the correlations. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 434 subjects with different glucose intolerances in a rural community was enrolled. The HGI was calculated as the difference between the measured and predicted hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). The population was categorized into tertiles of the HGI. Telomere length (LTL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) determined by polymerase chain reaction assay. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and interleukin (IL) 6, 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and glutathione reductase (GR) were measured. RESULTS Participants in the high HGI group were older and reported a shorter LTL, higher levels of TNFα, SOD activities, and HbA1c. Correlation analyses demonstrated that HGI was correlated with LTL (r = -0.25, P < .001) and TNFα (r = 0.19, P < .001) regardless of HbA1c levels. No relationship was found between HGI and mtDNAcn. HGI (β = -0.238, 95% CI -0.430, -0.046, P = .015) and TNFα (β = -0.02, 95% CI -0.030, -0.014, P < .001) were proved to be correlated with LTL independently, using multiple linear regression analysis. Ordinal logistic regression models showed that compared with subjects the high HGI group, the possibilities of a higher-level LTL was 5.29-fold in the low HGI group (OR 5.29, 95% CI (2.45, 11.41), P < .001), 2.41-fold in the moderate HGI group (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.35, 4.30, P = .003) after controlling for confounding variables. Mediation analyses indicated that TNFα accounted for 30.39% of the effects of the HGI on LTL. CONCLUSION HGI was negatively related to telomere attrition, independent of HbA1c. TNFα acted as a mediator of the relationship between HGI and LTL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lyu
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shuli He
- Department of Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Mengya Qi
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Fan Ping
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Huabing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuxiu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oppong RF, Terracciano A, Picard M, Qian Y, Butler TJ, Tanaka T, Moore AZ, Simonsick EM, Opsahl-Ong K, Coletta C, Sutin AR, Gorospe M, Resnick SM, Cucca F, Scholz SW, Traynor BJ, Schlessinger D, Ferrucci L, Ding J. Personality traits are consistently associated with blood mitochondrial DNA copy number estimated from genome sequences in two genetic cohort studies. eLife 2022; 11:77806. [PMID: 36537669 PMCID: PMC9767459 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) in tissues and blood can be altered in conditions like diabetes and major depression and may play a role in aging and longevity. However, little is known about the association between mtDNAcn and personality traits linked to emotional states, metabolic health, and longevity. This study tests the hypothesis that blood mtDNAcn is related to personality traits and mediates the association between personality and mortality. Methods We assessed the big five personality domains and facets using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R), assessed depressive symptoms with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), estimated mtDNAcn levels from whole-genome sequencing, and tracked mortality in participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Results were replicated in the SardiNIA Project. Results We found that mtDNAcn was negatively associated with the Neuroticism domain and its facets and positively associated with facets from the other four domains. The direction and size of the effects were replicated in the SardiNIA cohort and were robust to adjustment for potential confounders in both samples. Consistent with the Neuroticism finding, higher depressive symptoms were associated with lower mtDNAcn. Finally, mtDNAcn mediated the association between personality and mortality risk. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study to show a replicable association between mtDNAcn and personality. Furthermore, the results support our hypothesis that mtDNAcn is a biomarker of the biological process that explains part of the association between personality and mortality. Funding Support for this work was provided by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging (Z01-AG000693, Z01-AG000970, and Z01-AG000949) and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the National Institutes of Health. AT was also supported by the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health Grant R01AG068093.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard F Oppong
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on AgingBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, Florida State UniversityTallahasseeUnited States,Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on AgingBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Martin Picard
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry; Merritt Center and Columbia Translational Neuroscience initiative, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkUnited States
| | - Yong Qian
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on AgingBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Thomas J Butler
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on AgingBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on AgingBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Ann Zenobia Moore
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on AgingBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Eleanor M Simonsick
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on AgingBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Krista Opsahl-Ong
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on AgingBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Christopher Coletta
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on AgingBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State UniversityTallahasseeUnited States
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on AgingBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on AgingBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheMonserratoItaly
| | - Sonja W Scholz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeBethesdaUnited States,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical CenterBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Bryan J Traynor
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical CenterBaltimoreUnited States,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on AgingBethesdaUnited States
| | - David Schlessinger
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on AgingBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on AgingBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jun Ding
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on AgingBaltimoreUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tripathi A, Scaini G, Barichello T, Quevedo J, Pillai A. Mitophagy in depression: Pathophysiology and treatment targets. Mitochondrion 2021; 61:1-10. [PMID: 34478906 PMCID: PMC8962570 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, the 'powerhouse' of eukaryotic cells, play a key role in cellular homeostasis. However, defective mitochondria increase mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production and cell-free mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release, leading to increased inflammation. Mitophagy is a vital pathway, which selectively removes defective mitochondria through the process of autophagy. Thus, an impairment in the mitophagy pathway might trigger the gradual accumulation of defective mitochondria. Accumulating evidence suggest that inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction are linked to the pathogenesis of depression. In this article, we have reviewed the role of impaired mitophagy as a contributing factor in depression pathophysiology. Further, we have discussed the potential therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating mitophagy in depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Tripathi
- Pathophysiology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tatiana Barichello
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA; Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Anilkumar Pillai
- Pathophysiology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA; Research and Development, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ouyang H, Huang M, Xu Y, Yao Q, Wu X, Zhou D. Reduced Cell-Free Mitochondrial DNA Levels Were Induced by Antipsychotics Treatment in First-Episode Patients With Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:652314. [PMID: 34305669 PMCID: PMC8292716 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.652314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) is a damage-associated molecular pattern that boosts the release of cytokines and induces the immune response of the body; therefore, it is closely related to mental diseases. This study aims to evaluate a potential link between cf-mtDNA and clinical progression in first-episode patients with schizophrenia. In this study, plasma cf-mtDNA levels in 34 first-episode patients with schizophrenia before and after 8 weeks of antipsychotic treatment were examined. In addition, the clinical progression of first-episode schizophrenia was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The copy number changes in the plasma cf-mtDNA (Δcf-mtDNA) were significantly correlated with changes in the PANSS scale scores (ΔPANSS) in first-episode patients with schizophrenia (ΔPANSS total score, P = 0.002; ΔPANSS positive score, P = 0.01). Plasma cf-mtDNA may represent a relevant tool in the future to assist in the assessment of clinical progression in first-episode patients with schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houxian Ouyang
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, China.,Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Minfang Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yongming Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Qin Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, China.,Ningbo Key Laboratory of Sleep Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiangping Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, China.,Ningbo Key Laboratory of Sleep Medicine, Ningbo, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Humphreys KL, Sisk LM, Manczak EM, Lin J, Gotlib IH. Depressive Symptoms Predict Change in Telomere Length and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Across Adolescence. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 59:1364-1370.e2. [PMID: 31628984 PMCID: PMC7160006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several studies have found associations between a diagnosis or symptoms of major depressive disorder and markers of cellular aging and dysfunction. These investigations, however, are predominantly cross-sectional and focus on adults. In the present study, we used a prospective longitudinal design to test the cross-sectional association between depressive symptoms in adolescents and telomere length (TL) as well as mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-cn). METHOD A total of 121 adolescents (mean age = 11.38 years, SD = 1.03; 39% male adolescents and 61% female adolescents) were followed for approximately 2 years. At baseline and follow-up, participants provided saliva for DNA extraction, from which measures of TL and mtDNA-cn were obtained. Depressive symptoms were obtained via the Children's Depression Inventory. RESULTS There was no association between depressive symptoms and markers of cellular aging at baseline; however, depressive symptoms at baseline predicted higher rates of telomere erosion (β = -0.201, p = .016) and greater increases in mtDNA-cn (β = 0.190, p = .012) over the follow-up period. Markers of cellular aging at baseline did not predict subsequent changes in depressive symptoms. Furthermore, including the number of stressful life events did not alter these patterns of findings. CONCLUSION These results indicate that depressive symptoms precede changes in cellular aging and dysfunction, rather than the reverse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jue Lin
- University of California, San Francisco
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
In seeking to understand mental health and disease, it is fundamental to identify the biological substrates that draw together the experiences and physiological processes that underlie observed psychological changes. Mitochondria are subcellular organelles best known for their central role in energetics, producing adenosine triphosphate to power most cellular processes. Converging lines of evidence indicate that mitochondria play a key role in the biological embedding of adversity. Preclinical research documents the effects of stress exposure on mitochondrial structure and function, and recent human research suggests alterations constituting recalibrations, both adaptive and nonadaptive. Current research suggests dynamic relationships among stress exposure, neuroendocrine signaling, inflammation, and mitochondrial function. These complex relationships are implicated in disease risk, and their elucidation may inform prevention and treatment of stress- and trauma-related disorders. We review and evaluate the evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction as a consequence of stress exposure and as a contributing factor to psychiatric disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa E Daniels
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02906, USA; , , .,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Olsen
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02906, USA; , , .,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Audrey R Tyrka
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02906, USA; , , .,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Peripheral Blood Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Obtained From Genome-Wide Genotype Data Is Associated With Neurocognitive Impairment in Persons With Chronic HIV Infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2019; 80:e95-e102. [PMID: 30531306 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number varies by cell type and energy demands. Blood mtDNA copy number has been associated with neurocognitive function in persons without HIV. Low mtDNA copy number may indicate disordered mtDNA replication; high copy number may reflect a response to mitochondrial dysfunction. We hypothesized that blood mtDNA copy number estimated from genome-wide genotyping data is related to neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in persons with HIV. METHODS In the CNS HIV Antiretroviral Therapy Effects Research (CHARTER) study, peripheral blood mtDNA copy number was obtained from genome-wide genotyping data as a ratio of mtDNA single-nucleotide polymorphism probe intensities relative to nuclear DNA single-nucleotide polymorphisms. In a multivariable regression model, associations between mtDNA copy number and demographics, blood cell counts, and HIV disease and treatment characteristics were tested. Associations of mtDNA copy number with the global deficit score (GDS), GDS-defined NCI (GDS ≥ 0.5), and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) diagnosis were tested by logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Among 1010 CHARTER participants, lower mtDNA copy number was associated with longer antiretroviral therapy duration (P < 0.001), but not with d-drug exposure (P = 0.85). mtDNA copy number was also associated with GDS (P = 0.007), GDS-defined NCI (P < 0.001), and HAND (P = 0.002). In all analyses, higher mtDNA copy number was associated with poorer cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS Higher mtDNA copy number estimated from peripheral blood genotyping was associated with worse neurocognitive performance in adults with HIV. These results suggest a connection between peripheral blood mtDNA and NCI, and may represent increased mtDNA replication in response to mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
|
12
|
Chung JK, Lee SY, Park M, Joo EJ, Kim SA. Investigation of mitochondrial DNA copy number in patients with major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2019; 282:112616. [PMID: 31639552 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). This dysfunction can be indirectly assessed using the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number. A total of 118 patients with MDD and 116 age- and sex-matched control subjects were recruited for this study, and mtDNA copy numbers were measured in peripheral blood cells. This study also examined the potential variables that might impact mtDNA copy number in MDD, including age and clinical features. Additionally, epigenetic control of mtDNA copy number was examined by assessing DNA methylation ratios in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) promoter in nuclear DNA and the displacement loop (D-loop) region of mtDNA. The present results showed that patients with MDD had a higher mtDNA copy number and a decreased DNA methylation status in the PGC1α promoter. mtDNA copy numbers were negatively associated with an age, psychomotor agitation, and somatic symptoms in MDD. These results suggest that the alterations in mitochondrial function and epigenetic change of PGC1α may be relevant to the pathophysiology of MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kyung Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Eumsung-somang Hospital, Eumsung, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Eulji University, 77, Gyeryong-ro 771 beon-gil, Jung-gu, Daejeon 34824, Republic of Korea
| | - Mira Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Joo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, 68 Hangeulbiseokro, Nowon-Gu, 01830 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soon Ae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Eulji University, 77, Gyeryong-ro 771 beon-gil, Jung-gu, Daejeon 34824, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Czarny P, Bialek K, Ziolkowska S, Strycharz J, Sliwinski T. DNA damage and repair in neuropsychiatric disorders. What do we know and what are the future perspectives? Mutagenesis 2019; 35:79-106. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gez035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractOver the past two decades, extensive research has been done to elucidate the molecular etiology and pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. In majority of them, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, increased oxidative and nitrosative stress was found. This stress is known to induce oxidative damage to biomolecules, including DNA. Accordingly, increased mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, as well as RNA damage, were observed in patients suffering from these diseases. However, recent findings indicate that the patients are characterised by impaired DNA repair pathways, which may suggest that these DNA lesions could be also a result of their insufficient repair. In the current systematic, critical review, we aim to sum up, using available literature, the knowledge about the involvement of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage and repair, as well as about damage to RNA in pathoetiology of neuropsychiatric disorders, i.e., AD, PD, ALS, BD, schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, as well as the usefulness of the discussed factors as being diagnostic markers and targets for new therapies. Moreover, we also underline the new directions to which future studies should head to elucidate these phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Czarny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bialek
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sylwia Ziolkowska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Strycharz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sliwinski
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Han LKM, Verhoeven JE, Tyrka AR, Penninx BWJH, Wolkowitz OM, Månsson KNT, Lindqvist D, Boks MP, Révész D, Mellon SH, Picard M. Accelerating research on biological aging and mental health: Current challenges and future directions. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 106:293-311. [PMID: 31154264 PMCID: PMC6589133 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with complex biological changes that can be accelerated, slowed, or even temporarily reversed by biological and non-biological factors. This article focuses on the link between biological aging, psychological stressors, and mental illness. Rather than comprehensively reviewing this rapidly expanding field, we highlight challenges in this area of research and propose potential strategies to accelerate progress in this field. This effort requires the interaction of scientists across disciplines - including biology, psychiatry, psychology, and epidemiology; and across levels of analysis that emphasize different outcome measures - functional capacity, physiological, cellular, and molecular. Dialogues across disciplines and levels of analysis naturally lead to new opportunities for discovery but also to stimulating challenges. Some important challenges consist of 1) establishing the best objective and predictive biological age indicators or combinations of indicators, 2) identifying the basis for inter-individual differences in the rate of biological aging, and 3) examining to what extent interventions can delay, halt or temporarily reverse aging trajectories. Discovering how psychological states influence biological aging, and vice versa, has the potential to create novel and exciting opportunities for healthcare and possibly yield insights into the fundamental mechanisms that drive human aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura KM Han
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Oldenaller 1, The Netherlands,Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Josine E Verhoeven
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Oldenaller 1, The Netherlands
| | - Audrey R Tyrka
- Butler Hospital and the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Brenda WJH Penninx
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Oldenaller 1, The Netherlands,Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Owen M Wolkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kristoffer NT Månsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Lindqvist
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA,Psychiatric Clinic, Lund, Division of Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marco P Boks
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dóra Révész
- Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Synthia H Mellon
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim Y, Vadodaria KC, Lenkei Z, Kato T, Gage FH, Marchetto MC, Santos R. Mitochondria, Metabolism, and Redox Mechanisms in Psychiatric Disorders. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:275-317. [PMID: 30585734 PMCID: PMC6602118 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Our current knowledge of the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms causing psychiatric disorders is modest, but genetic susceptibility and environmental factors are central to the etiology of these conditions. Autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder show genetic gene risk overlap and share symptoms and metabolic comorbidities. The identification of such common features may provide insights into the development of these disorders. Recent Advances: Multiple pieces of evidence suggest that brain energy metabolism, mitochondrial functions and redox balance are impaired to various degrees in psychiatric disorders. Since mitochondrial metabolism and redox signaling can integrate genetic and environmental environmental factors affecting the brain, it is possible that they are implicated in the etiology and progression of psychiatric disorders. Critical Issue: Evidence for direct links between cellular mitochondrial dysfunction and disease features are missing. Future Directions: A better understanding of the mitochondrial biology and its intracellular connections to the nuclear genome, the endoplasmic reticulum and signaling pathways, as well as its role in intercellular communication in the organism, is still needed. This review focuses on the findings that implicate mitochondrial dysfunction, the resultant metabolic changes and oxidative stress as important etiological factors in the context of psychiatric disorders. We also propose a model where specific pathophysiologies of psychiatric disorders depend on circuit-specific impairments of mitochondrial dysfunction and redox signaling at specific developmental stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeni Kim
- 1 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, South Korea.,2 Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Krishna C Vadodaria
- 2 Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Zsolt Lenkei
- 3 Laboratory of Dynamic of Neuronal Structure in Health and Disease, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (UMR_S1266 INSERM, University Paris Descartes), Paris, France
| | - Tadafumi Kato
- 4 Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Fred H Gage
- 2 Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Maria C Marchetto
- 2 Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Renata Santos
- 2 Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California.,3 Laboratory of Dynamic of Neuronal Structure in Health and Disease, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (UMR_S1266 INSERM, University Paris Descartes), Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pearson RM, Culpin I, Loret de Mola C, Matijasevich A, Santos IS, Horta BL, Barros FC, Stein A. Grandmothers' mental health is associated with grandchildren's emotional and behavioral development: a three-generation prospective study in Brazil. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:184. [PMID: 31208381 PMCID: PMC6580571 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2166-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal mental health is associated with an increased risk of emotional and behavioural problems in children, and the risk is partly explained by the negative impact of maternal depression on caregiving. The role of mental health in other family members, who in many contexts also provide substantial caregiving, has received far less attention. We examined the impact of grandmothers' emotional symptoms, whose role in child care is increasing across the world, on internalizing and externalizing symptoms in grandchildren from a three-generation birth cohort study. METHODS Prospective data from three generations in two birth cohorts 22 years apart (1982 and 2004) in Pelotas, Brazil, were used (n = 92). Mental health in grandmothers and parents was assessed using the Self-Reported Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Grandchildren were members of the 2004 birth cohort, and behavioural and emotional problems were measured using the Child-Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) at age 4 years. RESULTS Grandmothers' symptoms were associated with more emotional and behavioural problems in grandchildren after adjustment for confounding factors. The size of the associations between grandmothers' and grandchildren mental health symptoms was comparable to the associations between maternal emotional symptoms and children emotional and behavioural problems. There was no evidence for associations with paternal symptoms. These effects were substantially stronger for maternal compared to paternal grandmothers. CONCLUSIONS In some contexts, grandmothers' mental health may be as important to grandchild emotional and behavioural development as maternal mental health. Interventions to improve the mental health of grandmothers, as well as parents, may be important to child mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. M. Pearson
- 0000 0004 1936 7603grid.5337.2Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK ,0000 0004 1936 7603grid.5337.2NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - I. Culpin
- 0000 0004 1936 7603grid.5337.2Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
| | - C. Loret de Mola
- 0000 0001 2134 6519grid.411221.5Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil ,0000 0001 2134 6519grid.411221.5Nursing Department, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - A. Matijasevich
- 0000 0001 2134 6519grid.411221.5Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil ,0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - I. S. Santos
- 0000 0001 2134 6519grid.411221.5Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - B. L. Horta
- 0000 0001 2134 6519grid.411221.5Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - F. C. Barros
- 0000 0001 2134 6519grid.411221.5Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - A. Stein
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Department of Psychiatry, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,0000 0004 1937 1135grid.11951.3dMRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lindqvist D, Wolkowitz OM, Picard M, Ohlsson L, Bersani FS, Fernström J, Westrin Å, Hough CM, Lin J, Reus VI, Epel ES, Mellon SH. Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA, but not leukocyte mitochondrial DNA copy number, is elevated in major depressive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1557-1564. [PMID: 29453441 PMCID: PMC5983469 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-017-0001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been linked to mitochondrial defects, which could manifest in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphisms or mutations. Additionally, copy number of mtDNA (mtDNA-cn) can be quantified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)s, indirectly reflecting cellular energetics, or in the circulating cell-free mtDNA (ccf-mtDNA) levels, which may reflect a fraction of the mitochondrial genome released during cellular stress. Few studies have examined ccf-mtDNA in MDD, and no studies have tested its relationship with intracellular mtDNA-cn or with antidepressant treatment response. Here, mtDNA levels were quantified in parallel from: (i) PBMCs and (ii) cell-free plasma of 50 unmedicated MDD subjects and 55 controls, in parallel with PBMC telomere length (TL) and antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GpX) activity. MtDNA measures were repeated in 19 MDD subjects after 8 weeks of open-label SSRI treatment. In analyses adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and smoking, MDD subjects had significantly elevated levels of ccf-mtDNA (F = 20.6, p = 0.00002). PBMC mtDNA-cn did not differ between groups (p > 0.4). In preliminary analyses, we found that changes in ccf-mtDNA with SSRI treatment differed between SSRI responders and non-responders (F = 6.47, p = 0.02), with the non-responders showing an increase in ccf-mtDNA and responders not changing. Baseline ccf-mtDNA was positively correlated with GpX (r = 0.32, p = 0.001), and PBMC mtDNA correlated positively with PBMC TL (r = 0.38, p = 0.0001). These data suggest that plasma ccf-mtDNA and PBMC mtDNA-cn reflect different cellular processes and that the former may be more reflective of certain aspects of MDD pathophysiology and of the response to SSRI antidepressants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lindqvist
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Psychiatric Clinic, Lund, Division of Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Owen M. Wolkowitz
- 0000 0001 2297 6811grid.266102.1Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Martin Picard
- 0000 0001 2285 2675grid.239585.0Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA ,0000 0001 2285 2675grid.239585.0Department of Neurology and Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA ,0000 0001 2285 2675grid.239585.0Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Lars Ohlsson
- 0000 0000 9961 9487grid.32995.34Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Francesco S. Bersani
- 0000 0001 2297 6811grid.266102.1Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA USA ,grid.7841.aDepartment of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Johan Fernström
- 0000 0001 0930 2361grid.4514.4Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ,Psychiatric Clinic, Lund, Division of Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden
| | - Åsa Westrin
- 0000 0001 0930 2361grid.4514.4Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ,Psychiatric Clinic, Lund, Division of Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christina M. Hough
- 0000 0001 2297 6811grid.266102.1Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA USA ,0000 0000 9632 6718grid.19006.3ePresent Address: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Jue Lin
- 0000 0001 2297 6811grid.266102.1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Victor I. Reus
- 0000 0001 2297 6811grid.266102.1Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Elissa S. Epel
- 0000 0001 2297 6811grid.266102.1Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Synthia H. Mellon
- 0000 0001 2297 6811grid.266102.1Department of OB/GYN and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang D, Li Z, Liu W, Zhou J, Ma X, Tang J, Chen X. Differential mitochondrial DNA copy number in three mood states of bipolar disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:149. [PMID: 29801445 PMCID: PMC5970444 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1717-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidences indicated that mitochondrial abnormalities were associated with bipolar disorder. As a sensitive index of mitochondrial function and biogenesis, Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) may be involved in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. METHODS Leukocyte relative mtDNAcn was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in subjects with BD (n = 131) in manic, depressive, and euthymic symptoms. Thirty-four healthy individuals were used as comparison control. BD clinical symptomatology was evaluated by Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D), Clinical Global Impression-Bipolar Disorder-Severity of Illness Scale (CGI-BD-S), and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, BD patients with manic and depressive symptoms presented significantly decreased mtDNAcn levels (p-value = 0.009 and 0.041, respectively). No significant differences were detected in mtDNAcn between euthymic patients and healthy controls. The mtDNAcn was negatively correlated with the number of relapses in manic patients (β = - 0.341, p = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS Our study described the first evidence of (1) a significant decline of mtDNAcn in manic BD patients, (2) a similar decreased level of mtDNAcn between manic and depressed BD patients, (3) a negative correlation of mtDNAcn with number of relapses in patients suffering from manic states. Alterations of mtDNAcn in manic and depressed patients, which may reflect disturbances of energy metabolism, supported the role of mitochondrial abnormalities in the pathophysiology of BD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- 0000 0004 1803 0208grid.452708.cDepartment of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,0000 0004 1803 0208grid.452708.cMental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Zongchang Li
- 0000 0004 1803 0208grid.452708.cDepartment of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,0000 0001 0379 7164grid.216417.7Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Weiqing Liu
- grid.414902.aDepartment of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Jun Zhou
- 0000 0004 1803 0208grid.452708.cDepartment of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,0000 0004 1803 0208grid.452708.cMental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- 0000 0004 1803 0208grid.452708.cDepartment of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,0000 0004 1803 0208grid.452708.cMental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Jinsong Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tymofiyeva O, Blom EH, Ho TC, Connolly CG, Lindqvist D, Wolkowitz OM, Lin J, LeWinn KZ, Sacchet MD, Han LKM, Yuan JP, Bhandari SP, Xu D, Yang TT. High levels of mitochondrial DNA are associated with adolescent brain structural hypoconnectivity and increased anxiety but not depression. J Affect Disord 2018; 232:283-290. [PMID: 29500956 PMCID: PMC5864120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent anxiety and depression are highly prevalent psychiatric disorders that are associated with altered molecular and neurocircuit profiles. Recently, increased mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-cn) has been found to be associated with several psychopathologies in adults, especially anxiety and depression. The associations between mtDNA-cn and anxiety and depression have not, however, been investigated in adolescents. Moreover, to date there have been no studies examining associations between mtDNA-cn and brain network alterations in mood disorders in any age group. METHODS The first aim of this study was to compare salivary mtDNA-cn between 49 depressed and/or anxious adolescents and 35 well-matched healthy controls. The second aim of this study was to identify neural correlates of mtDNA-cn derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and tractography, in the full sample of adolescents. RESULTS There were no diagnosis-specific alterations in mtDNA-cn. However, there was a positive correlation between mtDNA-cn and levels of anxiety, but not depression, in the full sample of adolescents. A subnetwork of connections largely corresponding to the left fronto-occipital fasciculus had significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) values in adolescents with higher than median mtDNA-cn. LIMITATIONS Undifferentiated analysis of free and intracellular mtDNA and use of DTI-based tractography represent this study's limitations. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study help elucidate the relationships between clinical symptoms, molecular changes, and neurocircuitry alterations in adolescents with and without anxiety and depression, and they suggest that increased mtDNA-cn is associated both with increased anxiety symptoms and with decreased fronto-occipital structural connectivity in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Tymofiyeva
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, United States.
| | - Eva Henje Blom
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, United States,Department of Clinical Sciences/ Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tiffany C. Ho
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, United States,Department of Psychology, Stanford University, United States
| | - Colm G. Connolly
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, United States
| | - Daniel Lindqvist
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, United States,Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Psychiatry, Sweden
| | - Owen M. Wolkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, United States
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, United States
| | - Kaja Z. LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, United States
| | - Matthew D. Sacchet
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, United States
| | - Laura K. M. Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Justin P. Yuan
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, United States
| | - Sarina P. Bhandari
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, United States
| | - Duan Xu
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, United States
| | - Tony T. Yang
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Depression, telomeres and mitochondrial DNA: between- and within-person associations from a 10-year longitudinal study. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:850-857. [PMID: 28348385 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in cellular aging, indexed by leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), might partly account for the increased health risks in persons with depression. Although some studies indeed found cross-sectional associations of depression with LTL and mtDNAcn, the longitudinal associations remain unclear. This 10-year longitudinal study examined between- and within-person associations of depressive symptoms with LTL and mtDNAcn in a large community sample. Data are from years 15, 20 and 25 follow-up evaluations in 977 subjects from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. Depressive symptoms (years 15, 20, 25) were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale; LTL (years 15, 20, 25) and mtDNAcn (years 15, 25) were measured in whole blood by quantitative PCR. With mixed-model analyses, we explored between- and within-person associations between CES-D scores and cellular aging markers. Results showed that high levels of depressive symptomatology throughout the 10-year time span was associated with shorter average LTL over 10 years (B=-4.2; P=0.014) after covarying for age, sex, race and education. However, no within-person association was found between depressive symptoms and LTL at each year (B=-0.8; P=0.548). Further, we found no between-person (B=-0.2; P=0.744) or within-person (B=0.4; P=0.497) associations between depressive symptomatology and mtDNAcn. Our results provide evidence for a long-term, between-person relationship of depressive symptoms with LTL, rather than a dynamic and direct within-person relationship. In this study, we found no evidence for an association between depressive symptoms and mtDNAcn.
Collapse
|
21
|
Santos D, Santos MJ, Alves-Ferreira M, Coelho T, Sequeiros J, Alonso I, Oliveira P, Sousa A, Lemos C, Grazina M. mtDNA copy number associated with age of onset in familial amyloid polyneuropathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018; 89:300-304. [PMID: 29018163 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2017-316657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transthyretin-related familial amyloid polyneuropathy (TTR-FAP Val30Met) shows a wide variation in age-at-onset (AO) between generations and genders, as in Portuguese families, where women display a later onset and a larger anticipation (>10 years). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number was assessed to clarify whether it has a modifier effect on AO variability in Portuguese patients. METHODS The mtDNA copy number of 262 samples (175 Val30Met TTR carriers and 87 controls (proven Val30Val)) was quantified by quantitative real-time PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS V.23 software. RESULTS This study shows that Val30Met TTR carriers have a significantly higher (p<0.001) mean mtDNA copy number than controls. Furthermore, the highest mtDNA copy number mean was observed in early-onset patients (AO <40 years). Importantly, early-onset offspring showed a significant increase (p=0.002) in the mtDNA copy number, when compared with their late AO parents. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest, for the first time, that mtDNA copy number may be associated with earlier events and may therefore be further explored as a potential biomarker for follow-up of TTR-FAP Val30Met carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Santos
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,UnIGENe, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Santos
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics (LGB), Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Alves-Ferreira
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,UnIGENe, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Coelho
- Unidade Corino de Andrade (UCA), Centro Hospitalar do Porto (CHP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Sequeiros
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,UnIGENe, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Centro de Genética Preditiva e Preventiva (CGPP), Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Alonso
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,UnIGENe, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Porto, Portugal.,Centro de Genética Preditiva e Preventiva (CGPP), Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Oliveira
- Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Saúde Pública (ISPUP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alda Sousa
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,UnIGENe, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Lemos
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,UnIGENe, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Grazina
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics (LGB), Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
The interplay between inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage, DNA repair and mitochondrial dysfunction in depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 80:309-321. [PMID: 28669580 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidant-antioxidant imbalance may play a significant role in the development and progression of depression. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species - a result of oxidant-antioxidant imbalance - may lead to increased damage of biomolecules, including DNA. This was confirmed in depressed patients in a research study conducted by our team and other scientists. 8-oxoguanine - a marker of oxidative DNA damage - was found in the patients' lymphocytes, urine and serum. These results were confirmed using a comet assay on lymphocytes. Furthermore, it was shown that the patients' cells repaired peroxide-induced DNA damage less efficiently than controls' cells and that some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the genes involved in oxidative DNA damage repair may modulate the risk of depression. Lastly, less efficient DNA damage repair observed in the patients can be, at least partly, attributed to the presence of specific SNP variants, as it was revealed through a genotype-phenotype analysis. In conclusion, the available literature shows that both oxidative stress and less efficient DNA damage repair may lead to increased DNA damage in depressed patients. A similar mechanism may result in mitochondrial dysfunction, which is observed in depression.
Collapse
|
23
|
Révész D, Verhoeven JE, Picard M, Lin J, Sidney S, Epel ES, Penninx BWJH, Puterman E. Associations Between Cellular Aging Markers and Metabolic Syndrome: Findings From the CARDIA Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:148-157. [PMID: 29053810 PMCID: PMC5761498 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is thought to promote biological aging, which might lead to cardiovascular and aging-related complications. This large-scale study investigated longitudinal relationships between MetS, its components, and cellular aging markers: leukocyte mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and telomere length (TL). Methods We included 989 participants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. MtDNAcn [study year (Y) 15, Y25] and TL (Y15, Y20, Y25) were measured via quantitative polymerase chain reaction. MetS components [waist circumference, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and fasting glucose] were determined (Y15, Y20, Y25). Generalized estimated equation and linear regression models, adjusting for sociodemographics and lifestyle, were used to examine associations between MetS and cellular aging at all time points, baseline MetS and 10-year changes in cellular aging, baseline cellular aging and 10-year changes in MetS, and 10-year changes in MetS and 10-year changes in cellular aging. Results MtDNAcn and TL were negatively associated with age [mtDNAcn unstandardized β (B) = -4.76; P < 0.001; TL B = -51.53; P < 0.001] and positively correlated (r = 0.152; P < 0.001). High triglycerides were associated with low mtDNAcn and low HDL cholesterol with short TL. Greater Y15 waist circumference (B = -7.23; P = 0.05), glucose (B = -13.29; P = 0.001), number of metabolic dysregulations (B = -7.72; P = 0.02), and MetS (B = -28.86; P = 0.006) predicted greater 10-year decrease in mtDNAcn but not TL. The 10-year increase in waist circumference was associated with 10-year telomere attrition (B = -27.61; P = 0.04). Conclusions Our longitudinal data showed that some metabolic dysregulations were associated with mtDNAcn and TL decreases, possibly contributing to accelerated cellular aging but not the converse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Révész
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Josine E. Verhoeven
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Picard
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neurology and CTNI, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Stephen Sidney
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California 94612
| | - Elissa S. Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Brenda W. J. H. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eli Puterman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California 94143
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Association of mitochondrial DNA in peripheral blood with depression, anxiety and stress- and adjustment disorders in primary health care patients. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28647451 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction may result in a variety of diseases. The objectives here were to examine possible differences in mtDNA copy number between healthy controls and patients with depression, anxiety or stress- and adjustment disorders; the association between mtDNA copy number and disease severity at baseline; and the association between mtDNA copy number and response after an 8-week treatment (mindfulness, cognitive based therapy). A total of 179 patients in primary health care (age 20-64 years) with depression, anxiety and stress- and adjustment disorders, and 320 healthy controls (aged 19-70 years) were included in the study. Relative mtDNA copy number was measured using quantitative real-time PCR on peripheral blood samples. We found that the mean mtDNA copy number was significantly higher in patients compared to controls (84.9 vs 75.9, p<0.0001) at baseline. The difference in mtDNA copy number between patients and controls remained significant after controlling for age and sex (ß=8.13, p<0.0001; linear regression analysis). The mtDNA copy number was significantly associated with Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scores (β=0.57, p=0.02) at baseline. After treatment, the change in mtDNA copy number was significantly associated with the treatment response, i.e., change in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D) and PHQ-9 scores (ß=1.00, p=0.03 and ß=0.65, p=0.04, respectively), after controlling for baseline scores, age, sex, BMI, smoking status, alcohol drinking and medication. Our findings show that mtDNA copy number is associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress- and adjustment disorders and treatment response in these disorders.
Collapse
|
25
|
Shin J, Kim KC, Lee DC, Lee HR, Shim JY. Association between Salivary Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Chronic Fatigue according to Combined Symptoms in Korean Adults. Korean J Fam Med 2017; 38:206-212. [PMID: 28775810 PMCID: PMC5541168 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.2017.38.4.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We examined the association between salivary mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and chronic fatigue combined with depression and insomnia. Methods This cross-sectional study included 58 healthy adults with moderate to severe fatigue (Brief Fatigue Inventory [BFI] ≥4) for longer than 6 months. Subjects were classified as those without combined symptoms, with either depression (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI] ≥13) or insomnia (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI] ≥5), or with both depression and insomnia. Salivary mtDNA copy number was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The association was evaluated using a general linear model. Results About 76% of participants had either depression or insomnia as additional symptoms. These subjects were predominately female, drank more alcohol, and exercised less than those without combined symptoms (P<0.05). The group with both depression and insomnia exhibited significantly higher BFI and lower mtDNA copy number than those without combined symptoms (P<0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, significant negative associations between mtDNA copy number and usual fatigue were found in the group without combined symptoms, whereas the negative associations in the group with combined symptoms were attenuated. BDI and PSQI were not associated with mtDNA copy number. Conclusion Chronic fatigue is negatively associated with salivary mtDNA copy number. Salivary mtDNA copy number may be a biological marker of fatigue with or without combined symptoms, indicating that a separate approach is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Shin
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyong Chol Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Miz Medi Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duk Chul Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Ree Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Yong Shim
- Department of Family Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lindqvist D, Fernström J, Grudet C, Ljunggren L, Träskman-Bendz L, Ohlsson L, Westrin Å. Increased plasma levels of circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA in suicide attempters: associations with HPA-axis hyperactivity. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e971. [PMID: 27922635 PMCID: PMC5315562 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical data suggest that chronic stress may cause cellular damage and mitochondrial dysfunction, potentially leading to the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into the bloodstream. Major depressive disorder has been associated with an increased amount of mtDNA in leukocytes from saliva samples and blood; however, no previous studies have measured plasma levels of free-circulating mtDNA in a clinical psychiatric sample. In this study, free circulating mtDNA was quantified in plasma samples from 37 suicide attempters, who had undergone a dexamethasone suppression test (DST), and 37 healthy controls. We hypothesized that free circulating mtDNA would be elevated in the suicide attempters and would be associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis hyperactivity. Suicide attempters had significantly higher plasma levels of free-circulating mtDNA compared with healthy controls at different time points (pre- and post-DST; all P-values<2.98E-12, Cohen's d ranging from 2.55 to 4.01). Pre-DST plasma levels of mtDNA were positively correlated with post-DST cortisol levels (rho=0.49, P<0.003). Suicide attempters may have elevated plasma levels of free-circulating mtDNA, which are related to impaired HPA-axis negative feedback. This peripheral index is consistent with an increased cellular or mitochondrial damage. The specific cells and tissues contributing to plasma levels of free-circulating mtDNA are not known, as is the specificity of this finding for suicide attempters. Future studies are needed in order to better understand the relevance of increased free-circulating mtDNA in relation to the pathophysiology underlying suicidal behavior and depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Lindqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA,Psychiatric Clinic, Lund, Division of Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden
| | - J Fernström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,Psychiatric Clinic, Lund, Division of Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden
| | - C Grudet
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - L Ljunggren
- Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University,Health and Society, Malmö, Sweden
| | - L Träskman-Bendz
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - L Ohlsson
- Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University,Health and Society, Malmö, Sweden,Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, Health and Society, Malmö 205 06, Sweden. E-mail:
| | - Å Westrin
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,Psychiatric Clinic, Lund, Division of Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Edwards AC, Aggen SH, Cai N, Bigdeli TB, Peterson RE, Docherty AR, Webb BT, Bacanu SA, Flint J, Kendler KS. CHRONICITY OF DEPRESSION AND MOLECULAR MARKERS IN A LARGE SAMPLE OF HAN CHINESE WOMEN. Depress Anxiety 2016; 33:1048-1054. [PMID: 27110890 PMCID: PMC5079854 DOI: 10.1002/da.22517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with changes in mean telomere length and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number. This study investigates if clinical features of MDD differentially impact these molecular markers. METHODS Data from a large, clinically ascertained sample of Han Chinese women with recurrent MDD were used to examine whether symptom presentation, severity, and comorbidity were related to salivary telomere length and/or mtDNA copy number (maximum N = 5,284 for both molecular and phenotypic data). RESULTS Structural equation modeling revealed that duration of longest episode was positively associated with mtDNA copy number, while earlier age of onset of most severe episode and a history of dysthymia were associated with shorter telomeres. Other factors, such as symptom presentation, family history of depression, and other comorbid internalizing disorders, were not associated with these molecular markers. CONCLUSIONS Chronicity of depressive symptoms is related to more pronounced telomere shortening and increased mtDNA copy number among individuals with a history of recurrent MDD. As these molecular markers have previously been implicated in physiological aging and morbidity, individuals who experience prolonged depressive symptoms are potentially at greater risk of adverse medical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis C. Edwards
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, US,Corresponding author: Alexis C. Edwards, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980126, Richmond, VA, US 23298-0126; ; ph: +1 804-828-8591, fax: +1 804-828-1471
| | - Steven H. Aggen
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, US
| | - Na Cai
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Tim B. Bigdeli
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, US
| | - Roseann E. Peterson
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, US
| | - Anna R. Docherty
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, US
| | - Bradley T. Webb
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, US
| | - Silviu-Alin Bacanu
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, US
| | - Jonathan Flint
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, US
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, US
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tyrka AR, Parade SH, Price LH, Kao HT, Porton B, Philip NS, Welch ES, Carpenter LL. Alterations of Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Telomere Length With Early Adversity and Psychopathology. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 79:78-86. [PMID: 25749099 PMCID: PMC4503518 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomere shortening and alterations of mitochondrial biogenesis are involved in cellular aging. Childhood adversity is associated with telomere shortening, and several investigations have shown short telomeres in psychiatric disorders. Recent studies have examined whether mitochondria might be involved in neuropsychiatric conditions; findings are limited and no prior work has examined this in relation to stress exposure. METHODS Two-hundred ninety healthy adults provided information on childhood parental loss and maltreatment and completed diagnostic interviews. Participants were categorized into four groups based upon the presence or absence of childhood adversity and the presence or absence of lifetime psychopathology (depressive, anxiety, and substance use disorders). Telomere length and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number were measured from leukocyte DNA by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Childhood adversity and lifetime psychopathology were each associated with shorter telomeres (p < .01) and higher mtDNA copy numbers (p < .001). Significantly higher mtDNA copy numbers and shorter telomeres were seen in individuals with major depression, depressive disorders, and anxiety disorders, as well as those with parental loss and childhood maltreatment. A history of substance disorders was also associated with significantly higher mtDNA copy numbers. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first evidence of an alteration of mitochondrial biogenesis with early life stress and with anxiety and substance use disorders. We replicate prior work on telomere length and psychopathology and show that this effect is not secondary to medication use or comorbid medical illness. Finally, we show that early life stress and psychopathology are each associated with these markers of cellular aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey R. Tyrka
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Stephanie H. Parade
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Bradley/Hasbro Children’s Research Center, E. P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lawrence H. Price
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Hung-Teh Kao
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Barbara Porton
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Noah S. Philip
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Emma S. Welch
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Linda L. Carpenter
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bersani FS, Morley C, Lindqvist D, Epel ES, Picard M, Yehuda R, Flory J, Bierer LM, Makotkine I, Abu-Amara D, Coy M, Reus VI, Lin J, Blackburn EH, Marmar C, Wolkowitz OM, Mellon SH. Mitochondrial DNA copy number is reduced in male combat veterans with PTSD. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 64:10-7. [PMID: 26120081 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondrial abnormalities may be involved in PTSD, although few studies have examined this. Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) in blood cells is an emerging systemic index of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. The present study assessed mtDNAcn in male combat-exposed veterans with PTSD compared to those without PTSD as well as its correlation with clinical scales. METHODS mtDNAcn was assessed with a TaqMan multiplex assay in granulocytes of 43 male combat veterans with (n=43) or without (n=44) PTSD. Twenty of the PTSD subjects had co-morbid major depressive disorder (MDD). The Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the Early Trauma Inventory (ETI) and the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) were used for the clinical assessments. All analyses were corrected for age and BMI. RESULTS mtDNAcn was significantly lower in subjects with PTSD (p<0.05). Within the PTSD group, those with moderate PTSD symptom severity had relatively higher mtDNAcn than those with mild or severe symptoms (p<0.01). Within the PTSD group, mtDNAcn was positively correlated with PANAS positive subscale ratings (p<0.01) but was not significantly correlated with PANAS negative subscale, ETI or BDI-II ratings. DISCUSSION This study provides the first evidence of: (i) a significant decrease of mtDNAcn in combat PTSD, (ii) a possible "inverted-U" shaped relationship between PTSD symptom severity and mtDNAcn within PTSD subjects, and (iii) a direct correlation of mtDNAcn with positive affectivity within PTSD subjects. Altered mtDNAcn in PTSD may reflect impaired energy metabolism, which might represent a novel aspect of its pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Saverio Bersani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claire Morley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Lindqvist
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, Section for Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elissa S Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Center for Health and Community, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Yehuda
- Department of Psychiatry, MSSM/James J. Peters Veterans Administration Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Janine Flory
- Department of Psychiatry, MSSM/James J. Peters Veterans Administration Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Linda M Bierer
- Department of Psychiatry, MSSM/James J. Peters Veterans Administration Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Iouri Makotkine
- Department of Psychiatry, MSSM/James J. Peters Veterans Administration Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Duna Abu-Amara
- Department of Psychiatry, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Coy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Victor I Reus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles Marmar
- Department of Psychiatry, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, New York, NY, USA
| | - Owen M Wolkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Synthia H Mellon
- Department of OB/GYN and Reproductive Science, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chang CC, Jou SH, Lin TT, Lai TJ, Liu CS. Mitochondria DNA change and oxidative damage in clinically stable patients with major depressive disorder. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125855. [PMID: 25946463 PMCID: PMC4422713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare alterations of mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) copy number, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and oxidative damage of mtDNA in clinically stable patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS Patients met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for MDD were recruited from the psychiatric outpatient clinic at Changhua Christian Hospital, Taiwan. They were clinically stable and their medications had not changed for at least the preceding two months. Exclusion criteria were substance-induced psychotic disorder, eating disorder, anxiety disorder or illicit substance abuse. Comparison subjects did not have any major psychiatric disorder and they were medically healthy. Peripheral blood leukocytes were analyzed to compare copy number, SNPs and oxidative damage of mtDNA between the two groups. RESULTS 40 MDD patients and 70 comparison subjects were collected. The median age of the subjects was 42 years and 38 years in MDD and comparison groups, respectively. Leukocyte mtDNA copy number of MDD patients was significantly lower than that of the comparison group (p = 0.037). MDD patients had significantly higher mitochondrial oxidative damage than the comparison group (6.44 vs. 3.90, p<0.001). After generalized linear model adjusted for age, sex, smoking, family history, and psychotropic use, mtDNA copy number was still significantly lower in the MDD group (p<0.001). MtDNA oxidative damage was positively correlated with age (p<0.001) and MDD (p<0.001). Antipsychotic use was negatively associated with mtDNA copy number (p = 0.036). LIMITATIONS The study is cross-sectional with no longitudinal follow up. The cohort is clinically stable and generalizability of our result to other cohort should be considered. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that oxidative stress and mitochondria may play a role in the pathophysiology of MDD. More large-scale studies are warranted to assess the interplay between oxidative stress, mitochondria dysfunction and MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chen Chang
- The Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shaw-Hwa Jou
- Department of Psychiatry, Taichung Tzuchi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzuchi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Tsung Lin
- Vascular and Genomic Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Te-Jen Lai
- The Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (TJL); (CSL)
| | - Chin-San Liu
- Vascular and Genomic Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (TJL); (CSL)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chen S, Li Z, He Y, Zhang F, Li H, Liao Y, Wei Z, Wan G, Xiang X, Hu M, Xia K, Chen X, Tang J. Elevated mitochondrial DNA copy number in peripheral blood cells is associated with childhood autism. BMC Psychiatry 2015; 15:50. [PMID: 25884388 PMCID: PMC4367837 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-015-0432-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several lines of evidence indicate mitochondrial impairment in the pathophysiology of autism. As one of the most common biomarkers for mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number has also been linked to autism, but the relationship between mtDNA copy number and autism was still obscured. In this study, we performed a case-control study to investigate whether mtDNA copy number in peripheral blood cells is related to patients with autism. METHODS Relative mtDNA copy number in peripheral blood cells was measured by using real-time polymerase chain reaction method. The participants in this study included 78 patients with childhood autism and 83 typically developing children. RESULTS We observed children with autism had significantly elevated relative mtDNA copy number than healthy controls (Beta = -0.173, P = 0.0003). However, there were no significant correlations between mtDNA copy number and clinical features (paternal age, maternal age, age of onset, illness of duration, CARS score and ABC score) in childhood autism. CONCLUSION We show that elevated mtDNA copy number in peripheral blood is associated with autism, indicating that there may be mitochondrial dysfunction in children with autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Zongchang Li
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ying He
- Institute of Mental Health of the Second Xiangya Hospital, National Laboratory for Psychiatric Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, The Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Fengyu Zhang
- Institute of Mental Health of the Second Xiangya Hospital, National Laboratory for Psychiatric Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, The Central South University, Changsha, China. .,The National Clinical Research Center for Psychiatric and Psychological Diseases, Changsha, China. .,Division of Clinical Sciences, Lieber Institute for Brain Development, John Hopkins University Medical Campus, 855 N. Wolfe Street, Suite 300, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA.
| | - Hong Li
- Institute of Mental Health of the Second Xiangya Hospital, National Laboratory for Psychiatric Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, The Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Yanhui Liao
- Institute of Mental Health of the Second Xiangya Hospital, National Laboratory for Psychiatric Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, The Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Zhen Wei
- Department of Women's Health Care, The Affiliated Shenzhen Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanfang University of Medical Science, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Guobin Wan
- Department of Women's Health Care, The Affiliated Shenzhen Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanfang University of Medical Science, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xi Xiang
- BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Maolin Hu
- Institute of Mental Health of the Second Xiangya Hospital, National Laboratory for Psychiatric Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, The Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Kun Xia
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China. .,Institute of Mental Health of the Second Xiangya Hospital, National Laboratory for Psychiatric Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, The Central South University, Changsha, China. .,The National Clinical Research Center for Psychiatric and Psychological Diseases, Changsha, China.
| | - Jinsong Tang
- Institute of Mental Health of the Second Xiangya Hospital, National Laboratory for Psychiatric Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, The Central South University, Changsha, China. .,The National Clinical Research Center for Psychiatric and Psychological Diseases, Changsha, China. .,Division of Clinical Sciences, Lieber Institute for Brain Development, John Hopkins University Medical Campus, 855 N. Wolfe Street, Suite 300, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Klinedinst NJ, Regenold WT. A mitochondrial bioenergetic basis of depression. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2014; 47:155-71. [PMID: 25262287 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-014-9584-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is an important public health problem affecting 350 million people worldwide. After decades of study, the pathophysiology of MDD remains elusive, resulting in treatments that are only 30-60% effective. This review summarizes the emerging evidence that implicates impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics as a basis for MDD. It is suggested that impaired mitochondrial bioenergetic function contributes to the pathophysiology of MDD via several potential pathways including: genetics/genomics, inflammation, oxidative stress, and alterations in neuroplasticity. A discussion of mitochondrial bioenergetic pathways that lead to MDD is provided. Evidence is reviewed regarding the mito-toxic or mito-protective impact of various antidepressant medications currently in use. Opportunities for further research on novel therapeutic approaches, including mitochondrial modulators, as stand-alone or adjunct therapy for reducing depression are suggested. In conclusion, while there is substantial evidence linking mitochondrial bioenergetics and MDD, there are currently no clear mitochondrial phenotypes or biomarkers to use as guides in targeting therapies beyond individuals with MDD and known mitochondrial disorders toward the general population of individuals with MDD. Further study is needed to develop these phenotypes and biomarkers, to identify therapeutic targets, and to test therapies aimed at improving mitochondrial function in individuals whose MDD is to some extent symptomatic of impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Jennifer Klinedinst
- University of Maryland School of Nursing, 655 W. Lombard Street, Room 404-J, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA,
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Uddin M. Blood-Based Biomarkers in Depression: Emerging Themes in Clinical Research. Mol Diagn Ther 2014; 18:469-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s40291-014-0108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|