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Elias MJ, Cesar G, Caputo MB, De Rissio AM, Alvarez MG, Lococo B, Natale MA, Albizu CL, Podhorzer A, Parodi C, Albareda MC, Laucella SA. Increased Natural Killer (NK)-cell cytotoxicity and Trypanosoma cruzi-specific memory B cells in subjects with discordant serology for Chagas disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167237. [PMID: 38750768 PMCID: PMC11185218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
The presence of memory T cell specific for Trypanosoma cruzi in subjects with discordant serology for Chagas disease supports a cleared infection in these subjects. Using high-dimensional flow cytometry, ELISPOT assays and quantitative PCR, antibody-secreting cells and memory B cells specific for T. cruzi, total B-cell phenotypes, innate immune responses and parasite DNA were evaluated in serodiscordant, seropositive and seronegative subjects for T. cruzi infection. T. cruzi-specific memory B cells but no antibody-secreting cells specific for T. cruzi, increased proportion of nonclassical monocytes and increased levels of polyfunctional NK cells were found in serodiscordant compared with seropositive subjects. None of the serodiscordant subjects evaluated showed detectable parasite DNA, most of them did not show cardiac abnormalities and a group of them had had confirmed positive serology for Chagas disease. The unique immune profiles in serodiscordant subjects support that T. cruzi infection was cleared or profoundly controlled in these subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Elias
- Research Department, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Cesar
- Research Department, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María B Caputo
- Research Department, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana M De Rissio
- Research Department, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María G Alvarez
- Chagas Disease Unit, Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Eva Perón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bruno Lococo
- Chagas Disease Unit, Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Eva Perón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María A Natale
- Research Department, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Constanza López Albizu
- Research Department, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariel Podhorzer
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX-CONICET), Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Parodi
- Instituto de Patología Experimental (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - María C Albareda
- Research Department, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana A Laucella
- Research Department, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", Buenos Aires, Argentina; Chagas Disease Unit, Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Eva Perón, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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2
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Rallón N, Jiménez-Carretero D, Restrepo C, Ligos JM, Valentín-Quiroga J, Mahillo I, Cabello A, López-Collazo E, Sánchez-Cabo F, Górgolas M, Estrada V, Benito JM. A specific natural killer cells phenotypic signature associated to long term elite control of HIV infection. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29646. [PMID: 38699988 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Elite controllers (ECs) are an exceptional group of people living with HIV (PLWH) that control HIV replication without therapy. Among the mechanisms involved in this ability, natural killer (NK)-cells have recently gained much attention. We performed an in-deep phenotypic analysis of NK-cells to search for surrogate markers associated with the long term spontaneous control of HIV. Forty-seven PLWH (22 long-term EC [PLWH-long-term elite controllers (LTECs)], 15 noncontrollers receiving antiretroviral treatment [ART] [PLWH-onART], and 10 noncontrollers cART-naïve [PLWH-offART]), and 20 uninfected controls were included. NK-cells homeostasis was analyzed by spectral flow cytometry using a panel of 15 different markers. Data were analyzed using FCSExpress and R software for unsupervised multidimensional analysis. Six different subsets of NK-cells were defined on the basis of CD16 and CD56 expression, and the multidimensional analysis revealed the existence of 68 different NK-cells clusters based on the expression levels of the 15 different markers. PLWH-offART presented the highest disturbance of NK-cells homeostasis and this was not completely restored by long-term ART. Interestingly, long term spontaneous control of HIV (PLWH-LTEC group) was associated with a specific profile of NK-cells homeostasis disturbance, characterized by an increase of CD16dimCD56dim subset when compared to uninfected controls (UC) group and also to offART and onART groups (p < 0.0001 for the global comparison), an increase of clusters C16 and C26 when compared to UC and onART groups (adjusted p-value < 0.05 for both comparisons), and a decrease of clusters C10 and C20 when compared to all the other groups (adjusted p-value < 0.05 for all comparisons). These findings may provide clues to elucidate markers of innate immunity with a relevant role in the long-term control of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Rallón
- HIV and Viral Hepatitis Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Daniel Jiménez-Carretero
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Restrepo
- HIV and Viral Hepatitis Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | | | | | - Ignacio Mahillo
- Department of Statistics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Cabello
- Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo López-Collazo
- Grupo de respuesta inmune innata, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Sánchez-Cabo
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Górgolas
- Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José M Benito
- HIV and Viral Hepatitis Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
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3
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Sugawara S, Reeves RK, Jost S. Learning to Be Elite: Lessons From HIV-1 Controllers and Animal Models on Trained Innate Immunity and Virus Suppression. Front Immunol 2022; 13:858383. [PMID: 35572502 PMCID: PMC9094575 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.858383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has drastically changed the lives of people living with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), long-term treatment has been associated with a vast array of comorbidities. Therefore, a cure for HIV-1 remains the best option to globally eradicate HIV-1/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, development of strategies to achieve complete eradication of HIV-1 has been extremely challenging. Thus, the control of HIV-1 replication by the host immune system, namely functional cure, has long been studied as an alternative approach for HIV-1 cure. HIV-1 elite controllers (ECs) are rare individuals who naturally maintain undetectable HIV-1 replication levels in the absence of ART and whose immune repertoire might be a desirable blueprint for a functional cure. While the role(s) played by distinct human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression and CD8+ T cell responses expressing cognate ligands in controlling HIV-1 has been widely characterized in ECs, the innate immune phenotype has been decidedly understudied. Comparably, in animal models such as HIV-1-infected humanized mice and simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-infected non-human primates (NHP), viremic control is known to be associated with specific major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles and CD8+ T cell activity, but the innate immune response remains incompletely characterized. Notably, recent work demonstrating the existence of trained innate immunity may provide new complementary approaches to achieve an HIV-1 cure. Herein, we review the known characteristics of innate immune responses in ECs and available animal models, identify gaps of knowledge regarding responses by adaptive or trained innate immune cells, and speculate on potential strategies to induce EC-like responses in HIV-1 non-controllers.
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PAPASAVVAS E, AZZONI L, ROSS BN, FAIR M, HOWELL BJ, HAZUDA DJ, MOUNZER K, KOSTMAN JR, TEBAS P, MONTANER LJ. Comparable HIV suppression by pegylated-IFN-α2a or pegylated-IFN-α2b during a 4-week analytical treatment interruption. AIDS 2021; 35:2051-2054. [PMID: 34049356 PMCID: PMC8416745 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report on the post-hoc analysis of three clinical studies (NCT01935089, NCT00594880 and NCT00051818) with chronically HIV-infected, immune-reconstituted individuals with similar entry criteria, and demographics interrupting antiretroviral therapy (ART) without or with 5 weeks of weekly pegylated (Peg)-IFN-α2b or Peg-IFN-α2a immunotherapy added onto ART. Results show similar rates of viral suppression between both immunotherapies when continued during a 4-week ART interruption, despite Peg-IFN-α2a maintaining significantly higher trough blood levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Karam MOUNZER
- Jonathan Lax Immune Disorders Treatment Center, Philadelphia Field Initiating Group for HIV-1 Trials, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jay R. KOSTMAN
- John Bell Health Center, Philadelphia Field Initiating Group for HIV-1 Trials, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pablo TEBAS
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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5
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Papasavvas E, Azzoni L, Pagliuzza A, Abdel-Mohsen M, Ross BN, Fair M, Howell BJ, Hazuda DJ, Chomont N, Li Q, Mounzer K, Kostman JR, Tebas P, Montaner LJ. Safety, Immune, and Antiviral Effects of Pegylated Interferon Alpha 2b Administration in Antiretroviral Therapy-Suppressed Individuals: Results of Pilot Clinical Trial. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2021; 37:433-443. [PMID: 33323024 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2020.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the pilot NCT01935089 trial, we tested whether pegylated interferon alpha2b (Peg-IFN-α2b) with antiretroviral therapy (ART) was safe and could impact HIV and immune measures in blood and in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Twenty HIV-1+ ART-suppressed individuals received 1 μg/kg/week Peg-IFN-α2b with ART for 20 weeks, with intermediate 4-week analytical ART interruption (ATI). Safety, immune activation, HIV viral load and integrated HIV DNA in blood, and HIV RNA and DNA in gut biopsies were measured. A total of 7/20 participants experienced grade 3-4 adverse events, while 17/20 participants completed the study. Of the 17 participants who completed the study, 8 remained suppressed during ATI, while all 17 were suppressed at end of treatment (EoT). As expected, treatment increased activation of T and natural killer (NK) cells and IFN-stimulated molecule expression on monocytes in periphery. While circulating CD4+ T cells showed a trend for a decrease in integrated HIV DNA, GALT showed a significant decrease in HIV-1 RNA+ cells as measured by in situ hybridization along with a reduction in total HIV DNA and cell-associated RNA by EoT. The observed decrease in HIV-1 RNA+ cells in GALT was positively associated with the decrease in activated NK cells and macrophages. This study documents for the first time that 20 weeks of immunotherapy with Peg-IFN-α2b+ART (inclusive of a 4-week ATI) is safe and results in an increase in blood and GALT immune activation and in a significant decrease in HIV-1 RNA+ cells in GALT in association with changes in innate cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Livio Azzoni
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amélie Pagliuzza
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Brian N. Ross
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew Fair
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Nicolas Chomont
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Qingsheng Li
- School of Biological Sciences and Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Karam Mounzer
- Jonathan Lax Immune Disorders Treatment Center, Philadelphia Field Initiating Group for HIV-1 Trials, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jay R. Kostman
- John Bell Health Center, Philadelphia Field Initiating Group for HIV-1 Trials, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pablo Tebas
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Tang T, Zhao W, Fu S, Zhang Z, Fu Y, Xu J, Ding H, Han X, Jiang Y. Natural killer cell counts in primary HIV infection predicts disease progression and immune restoration after treatment. Virology 2020; 550:89-98. [PMID: 32920454 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between NK cell counts during primary infection and disease progression or immune restoration after antiretroviral treatment (ART) was explored. We followed 462 individuals with HIV infection and measured their NK, CD4+ T, CD8+ T cell counts and viral loads. Our data showed that individuals with high NK cell counts had much lower viral loads and higher CD4+ T cell counts. NK cell counts during primary infection were negatively correlated with viral set-point and viral loads at one-year-infection point, and positively correlated with CD4+ T cell counts at one-year-infection and one-year-ART point. Moreover, the NK cell counts during primary infection can predict HIV disease progression and immune restoration after ART. In conclusion, NK cell counts during primary infection represents a potential predictive biomarker to predict HIV disease prognosis in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Tian Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Shuai Fu
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Zining Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yajing Fu
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Haibo Ding
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xiaoxu Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yongjun Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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7
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Abdel-Mohsen M, Richman D, Siliciano RF, Nussenzweig MC, Howell BJ, Martinez-Picado J, Chomont N, Bar KJ, Yu XG, Lichterfeld M, Alcami J, Hazuda D, Bushman F, Siliciano JD, Betts MR, Spivak AM, Planelles V, Hahn BH, Smith DM, Ho YC, Buzon MJ, Gaebler C, Paiardini M, Li Q, Estes JD, Hope TJ, Kostman J, Mounzer K, Caskey M, Fox L, Frank I, Riley JL, Tebas P, Montaner LJ. Recommendations for measuring HIV reservoir size in cure-directed clinical trials. Nat Med 2020; 26:1339-1350. [PMID: 32895573 PMCID: PMC7703694 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-1022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies are being clinically tested either to eradicate latent HIV reservoirs or to achieve virologic control in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. Attaining this goal will require a consensus on how best to measure the numbers of persistently infected cells with the potential to cause viral rebound after antiretroviral-therapy cessation in assessing the results of cure-directed strategies in vivo. Current measurements assess various aspects of the HIV provirus and its functionality and produce divergent results. Here, we provide recommendations from the BEAT-HIV Martin Delaney Collaboratory on which viral measurements should be prioritized in HIV-cure-directed clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas Richman
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Javier Martinez-Picado
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Xu G Yu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mathias Lichterfeld
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jose Alcami
- AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid and Infectious Diseases Unit, IBIDAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Davey M Smith
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ya-Chi Ho
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maria J Buzon
- AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid and Infectious Diseases Unit, IBIDAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mirko Paiardini
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Qingsheng Li
- School of Biological Sciences and Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Jacob D Estes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Beaverton, OR, USA
| | | | - Jay Kostman
- Jonathan Lax Center, Philadelphia FIGHT, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karam Mounzer
- Jonathan Lax Center, Philadelphia FIGHT, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Lawrence Fox
- Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, North Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ian Frank
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Pablo Tebas
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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8
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Peebles K, McClelland RS, Overbaugh J, Richardson BA, Bosire R, Kiarie JN, Farquhar C, Guthrie BL. Higher prevalence of viral control in HIV-1-infected women in serodiscordant relationships. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208401. [PMID: 30517204 PMCID: PMC6281234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-1-discordant couples that remain discordant despite repeated exposure may differ from the general population in their distribution of transmission risk factors, including low plasma viral load (PVL) in the infected partner even in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS We followed two cohorts of HIV-1-infected Kenyan women: females in discordant couples (FDC) and female sex workers (FSW). We compared the distribution of undetectable (<150 copies/mL) and low PVL (<1,000 copies/mL) between the cohorts using bootstrap methods and exact Poisson regression. RESULTS We evaluated 296 FDC and 220 FSW. At baseline, FDC were more likely to have undetectable (RR = 6.94, bootstrap 95% CI: 3.47, 20.81) and low PVL (RR = 3.53, bootstrap 95% CI: 2.57, 5.65) than FSW. Similarly, both repeat undetectable PVL (RR = 9.36, bootstrap 95% CI: 6.04, 10.97) and repeat low (RR = 4.99, bootstrap 95% CI: 2.33, 14.04) PVL were more likely among FDC than FSW during follow-up. DISCUSSION We observed higher prevalence of viral control in FDC compared to FSW in the absence of ART, suggesting potentially higher prevalence of biological HIV resistance factors among discordant couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Peebles
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - R. Scott McClelland
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Julie Overbaugh
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Barbra A. Richardson
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Rose Bosire
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James N. Kiarie
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Carey Farquhar
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Brandon L. Guthrie
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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9
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Gonzalez SM, Taborda NA, Correa LA, Castro GA, Hernandez JC, Montoya CJ, Rugeles MT. Particular activation phenotype of T cells expressing HLA-DR but not CD38 in GALT from HIV-controllers is associated with immune regulation and delayed progression to AIDS. Immunol Res 2017; 64:765-74. [PMID: 26724942 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8775-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The spontaneous control of HIV replication in HIV-controllers underlines the importance of these subjects for exploring factors related to delayed progression. Several studies have revealed fewer immune alterations and effector mechanisms related to viral control, mainly in peripheral blood, in these individuals compared to normal progressors. However, immune characterization of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), the major target of infection, has not been thoroughly explored in these subjects. We evaluated the following parameters in GALT samples from 11 HIV-controllers and 15 HIV-progressors: (i) frequency and activation phenotype of T cells; (ii) expression of transcription factors associated with immune response profiles; and (iii) frequency of apoptotic cells. Interestingly, HIV-controllers exhibited a particular activation phenotype, with predominance of T cells expressing HLA-DR but not CD38 in GALT. This phenotype, previously associated with better control of infection, was correlated with low viral load and higher CD4(+) T cell count. Furthermore, a positive correlation of this activation phenotype with higher expression of Foxp3 and RORγT transcription factors suggested a key role for Treg and Th17 cells in the control of the immune activation and in the maintenance of gut mucosal integrity. Although we evaluated apoptosis by measuring expression of cleaved caspase-3 in GALT, we did not find differences between HIV-controllers and HIV-progressors. Taken together, our findings suggest that predominance of HLA-DR(+) T cells, along with lower immune activation and higher expression of transcription factors required for the development of Treg and Th17 cells, is associated with better viral control and delayed progression to AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Gonzalez
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Natalia A Taborda
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud Familiar y Comunitaria (GISAFACO), Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Luis A Correa
- Sección de Dermatología, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
- Laboratorio de Patología, Laboratorio Clínico VID, Obra de la Congregación Mariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gustavo A Castro
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan C Hernandez
- Grupo Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Carlos J Montoya
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Maria T Rugeles
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia.
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10
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Asgari MM, Ray GT, Quesenberry CP, Katz KA, Silverberg MJ. Association of Multiple Primary Skin Cancers With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, CD4 Count, and Viral Load. JAMA Dermatol 2017; 153:892-896. [PMID: 28700773 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2017.1716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Importance Persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have a 2.8-fold higher risk than HIV-uninfected persons of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), defined as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Individuals with a prior NMSC history are at increased risk for subsequent NMSC, but the magnitude of risk and its relation to HIV disease-related factors, including CD4 count and viral load (VL), are unknown. Objective To better understand how laboratory markers currently used to evaluate HIV disease progression may be associated with subsequent NMSC risk. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study analyzed 455 HIV-infected and 1945 HIV-uninfected patients, all of them members of the Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) health care plan, diagnosed with at least 1 NMSC from 1996-2008 to determine risk of subsequent NMSCs in relation to CD4 count and VL. All participants were white, non-Hispanic persons 18 years or older who had had at least 1 NMSC during the 1996-2008 period. Participants entered the cohort at their first NMSC diagnosis and were observed through 2008. Incidence rates were calculated and adjusted hazard ratios were estimated using extended Cox regression models with recent CD4 count and VL analyzed as time-changing covariates. Main Outcomes and Measures Measured CD4 count, VL, and subsequent NMSC (BCC and SCC). Results The cohort comprised 455 HIV-infected participants (13 [3%] women) and 1952 HIV-uninfected participants (154 [8%] women). Median duration of observation was 4.6 years, and 16.5% (n = 390) either died (n = 35) or lost KPNC membership status (n = 355) without having a subsequent primary NMSC. Compared with HIV-uninfected persons, HIV-infected individuals were slightly younger (mean age, 52.5 vs 55.5 years), more likely men (97% vs 92%), more likely to have smoked (57% vs 45%), and less likely to be overweight/obese (50% vs 61%). The small observed differences by HIV status in matching characteristics (ie, age and sex) resulted from the restriction of the original cohort to those with at least 1 NMSC. Compared with uninfected individuals, those with HIV infection with a recent biomarker of more severe immune deficiency (CD4 count <200 cells/mL) had a 44% increased risk of subsequent NMSC overall and a 222% increase risk of SCC in particular, suggesting that subsequent SCC risk is associated with immune dysfunction. Conclusions and Relevance HIV-infected persons compared with HIV-uninfected persons were are at higher risk for subsequent new SCC but not BCC, with a dose-response relationship between risk and lower CD4 counts and higher VLs. Subsequent new primary SCCs had a strong association with lower CD4 and higher VL among HIV-infected persons, suggesting that immune dysfunction might contribute to increased SCC risk. Clinical implications include targeted monitoring for SCC among HIV-infected individuals, particularly those with low CD4 counts or high VLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam M Asgari
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.,Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - G Thomas Ray
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | | | - Kenneth A Katz
- Department of Dermatology, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton
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11
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Robust HIV-1-specific CD8 T cell responses are currently regarded as the main correlate of immune defense in rare individuals who achieve natural, drug-free control of HIV-1; however, the mechanisms that support evolution of such powerful immune responses are not well understood. Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized innate immune cells critical for immune recognition, immune regulation, and immune induction, but their possible contribution to HIV-1 immune defense in controllers remains ill-defined. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies suggest that myeloid DCs from controllers have improved abilities to recognize HIV-1 through cytoplasmic immune sensors, resulting in more potent, cell-intrinsic type I interferon secretion in response to viral infection. This innate immune response may facilitate DC-mediated induction of highly potent antiviral HIV-1-specific T cells. Moreover, protective HLA class I isotypes restricting HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells may influence DC function through specific interactions with innate myelomonocytic MHC class I receptors from the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor family. Bi-directional interactions between dendritic cells and HIV-1-specific T cells may contribute to natural HIV-1 immune control, highlighting the importance of a fine-tuned interplay between innate and adaptive immune activities for effective antiviral immune defense.
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12
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Gondois-Rey F, Chéret A, Granjeaud S, Mallet F, Bidaut G, Lécuroux C, Ploquin M, Müller-Trutwin M, Rouzioux C, Avettand-Fenoël V, Moretta A, Pialoux G, Goujard C, Meyer L, Olive D. NKG2C + memory-like NK cells contribute to the control of HIV viremia during primary infection: Optiprim-ANRS 147. Clin Transl Immunology 2017; 6:e150. [PMID: 28791125 PMCID: PMC5539415 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2017.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural-killer (NK) cells are important immune effectors during a viral infection. Latent CMV infection is widely spread and was demonstrated to shape the NK cell repertoire through the NKG2C receptor. An expansion of NKG2C+ NK cells has been reported during primary HIV infection (PHI), but their role is not known. We previously found a correlation between the maturation state of the NK cell compartment and a lower viral load by studying patients from the ANRS 147 Optiprim trial. We investigated here extensively the NKG2C+ NK cells at the time of PHI and its evolution after 3 months of early antiretroviral therapy (combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)). Multiparametric cytometry combined with bioinformatics was used to determine subsets. NKbright NKG2C+ progenitor, NKdim NKG2C+ effector and NKdim NKG2C+CD57+ memory-like populations were identified. Two groups of patients were unraveled according to the distribution of the NKG2C+ subsets skewed toward either progenitor/effector or memory-like phenotype. Patients with high NKG2C+CD57+ NK cell frequencies showed lower HIV-RNA, lower immune activation, higher pDC counts and reached more rapidly undetectable levels of HIV-RNA at M1 under cART. NKG2C+CD57+ NK cell frequency was the only factor strongly correlated to low viral load among other clinical features. While the patients were cytomegalovirus (CMV) infected, there was no sign of reactivation of CMV during PHI suggesting that memory-like NK cells were already present at the time of HIV infection and constituted a preexisting immune response able to contribute to natural control of HIV. This parameter appears to be a good candidate in the search of predictive markers to monitor HIV remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Gondois-Rey
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Department of Immunity and Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Antoine Chéret
- Department of Internal Medecine, Hôpital Bicêtre, APHP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,EA 7327 Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Samuel Granjeaud
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, CiBi Platform, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Mallet
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Department of Immunity and Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Ghislain Bidaut
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, CiBi Platform, Marseille, France
| | - Camille Lécuroux
- Paris-Sud University, U1184, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,CEA, Department of DSV/iMETI, IDMIT, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Inserm U1184, Department of ImVA 'Immunology of chronic Viral infections and Autoimmune diseases', Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Mickaël Ploquin
- Institut Pasteur, HIV, Inflammation and Persistance Unit, Virology Department, Paris, France
| | - Michaela Müller-Trutwin
- Institut Pasteur, HIV, Inflammation and Persistance Unit, Virology Department, Paris, France
| | - Christine Rouzioux
- EA 7327 Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Virology Laboratory, APHP CHU Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Avettand-Fenoël
- EA 7327 Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Virology Laboratory, APHP CHU Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Moretta
- Dipartimento di medecina Sperimentale and Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Gilles Pialoux
- Department of Infectious Diseases APHP, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Goujard
- Department of Internal Medecine, Hôpital Bicêtre, APHP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Laurence Meyer
- Inserm, CESP U1018, Univ Paris-Sud, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, APHP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Department of Immunity and Cancer, Marseille, France
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13
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Weber J, Gibson RM, Sácká L, Strunin D, Hodek J, Weberová J, Pávová M, Alouani DJ, Asaad R, Rodriguez B, Lederman MM, Quiñones-Mateu ME. Impaired human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replicative fitness in atypical viremic non-progressor individuals. AIDS Res Ther 2017; 14:15. [PMID: 28331526 PMCID: PMC5359922 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-017-0144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Progression rates from initial HIV-1 infection to advanced AIDS vary significantly among infected individuals. A distinct subgroup of HIV-1-infected individuals—termed viremic non-progressors (VNP) or controllers—do not seem to progress to AIDS, maintaining high CD4+ T cell counts despite high levels of viremia for many years. Several studies have evaluated multiple host factors, including immune activation, trying to elucidate the atypical HIV-1 disease progression in these patients; however, limited work has been done to characterize viral factors in viremic controllers. Methods We analyzed HIV-1 isolates from three VNP individuals and compared the replicative fitness, near full-length HIV-1 genomes and intra-patient HIV-1 genetic diversity with viruses from three typical (TP) and one rapid (RP) progressor individuals. Results Viremic non-progressors and typical patients were infected for >10 years (range 10–17 years), with a mean CD4+ T-cell count of 472 cells/mm3 (442–529) and 400 cells/mm3 (126–789), respectively. VNP individuals had a less marked decline in CD4+ cells (mean −0.56, range −0.4 to −0.7 CD4+/month) than TP patients (mean −10.3, −8.2 to −13.1 CD4+/month). Interestingly, VNP individuals carried viruses with impaired replicative fitness, compared to HIV-1 isolates from the TP and RP patients (p < 0.05, 95% CI). Although analyses of the near full-length HIV-1 genomes showed no clear patterns of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) that could explain the decrease in replicative fitness, both the number of SNPs and HIV-1 population diversity correlated inversely with the replication capacity of the viruses (r = −0.956 and r = −0.878, p < 0.01, respectively). Conclusion It is likely that complex multifactorial parameters govern HIV-1 disease progression in each individual, starting with the infecting virus (phenotype, load, and quasispecies diversity) and the intrinsic ability of the host to respond to the infection. Here we analyzed a subset of viremic controller patients and demonstrated that similar to the phenomenon observed in patients with a discordant response to antiretroviral therapy (i.e., high CD4+ cell counts with detectable plasma HIV-1 RNA load), reduced viral replicative fitness seems to be linked to slow disease progression in these antiretroviral-naïve individuals. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12981-017-0144-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Weber
- 0000 0001 1015 3316grid.418095.1Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Richard M Gibson
- 0000 0000 9149 4843grid.443867.aUniversity Hospital Translational Laboratory, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Lenka Sácká
- 0000 0001 1015 3316grid.418095.1Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Dmytro Strunin
- 0000 0001 1015 3316grid.418095.1Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hodek
- 0000 0001 1015 3316grid.418095.1Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Weberová
- 0000 0001 1015 3316grid.418095.1Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Pávová
- 0000 0001 1015 3316grid.418095.1Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - David J Alouani
- 0000 0000 9149 4843grid.443867.aUniversity Hospital Translational Laboratory, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Robert Asaad
- 0000 0001 2164 3847grid.67105.35Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-7288 USA
| | - Benigno Rodriguez
- 0000 0001 2164 3847grid.67105.35Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-7288 USA
| | - Michael M Lederman
- 0000 0001 2164 3847grid.67105.35Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-7288 USA
| | - Miguel E Quiñones-Mateu
- 0000 0000 9149 4843grid.443867.aUniversity Hospital Translational Laboratory, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH USA ; 0000 0001 2164 3847grid.67105.35Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-7288 USA ; 0000 0001 2164 3847grid.67105.35Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH USA
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14
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Riley JL, Montaner LJ. Cell-Mediated Immunity to Target the Persistent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reservoir. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:S160-S171. [PMID: 28520969 PMCID: PMC5853458 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective clearance of virally infected cells requires the sequential activity of innate and adaptive immunity effectors. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, naturally induced cell-mediated immune responses rarely eradicate infection. However, optimized immune responses could potentially be leveraged in HIV cure efforts if epitope escape and lack of sustained effector memory responses were to be addressed. Here we review leading HIV cure strategies that harness cell-mediated control against HIV in stably suppressed antiretroviral-treated subjects. We focus on strategies that may maximize target recognition and eradication by the sequential activation of a reconstituted immune system, together with delivery of optimal T-cell responses that can eliminate the reservoir and serve as means to maintain control of HIV spread in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART). As evidenced by the evolution of ART, we argue that a combination of immune-based strategies will be a superior path to cell-mediated HIV control and eradication. Available data from several human pilot trials already identify target strategies that may maximize antiviral pressure by joining innate and engineered T cell responses toward testing for sustained HIV remission and/or cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Riley
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, and
| | - Luis J Montaner
- HIV-1 Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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15
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IFN-α augments natural killer-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of HIV-1-infected autologous CD4+ T cells regardless of major histocompatibility complex class 1 downregulation. AIDS 2017; 31:613-622. [PMID: 28225449 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
DESIGN We have previously shown that IFN-α stimulation augments direct natural killer (NK) cell lysis of autologous CD4 primary T cells infected with certain HIV-1 isolates based upon major histocompatibility complex class 1 (MHC-1) downregulation capacity. Here, we investigated if antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) could trigger lysis of HIV-1 isolates that were resistant to direct NK lysis and if IFN-α prestimulation of NK cells could further enhance ADCC. METHODS Using broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against gp120 (VRC01 or PGV04) or plasma from HIV-1-infected patients (ART-suppressed or elite controller) to trigger ADCC, we measured NK cell chromium release cytotoxicity against HIV-1-infected autologous CD4 primary T cells and NK cell CD107a degranulation against gp120-coated CD4 T cells. Total or NK-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used as effectors in the presence or absence of IFN-α prestimulation. RESULTS Plasma from HIV-1-infected patients and monoclonal antibodies against gp120 could trigger NK-dependent ADCC lysis of viral isolates that were resistant to direct NK cell lysis following IFN-α stimulation. In contrast, viral isolates that exhibited potent MHC-I downregulation capacity could be lysed by NK cells through either IFN-α stimulated direct cytotoxicity or through ADCC. When utilized in combination, IFN-α prestimulation significantly augmented ADCC lysis of HIV-1-infected target cells and increased NK cell CD107a degranulation against gp120-coated ADCC targets (P < 0.05, n = 6). CONCLUSION HIV-1 isolates with lower MHC-I downregulation capacity are resistant to direct lysis following IFN-α stimulation but retain sensitivity to ADCC. IFN-α prestimulation can significantly increase NK-mediated clearance of HIV-1-infected target cells by both ADCC and/or direct cytotoxicity depending on MHC downregulation status.
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16
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Gondois-Rey F, Chéret A, Mallet F, Bidaut G, Granjeaud S, Lécuroux C, Ploquin M, Müller-Trutwin M, Rouzioux C, Avettand-Fenoël V, De Maria A, Pialoux G, Goujard C, Meyer L, Olive D. A Mature NK Profile at the Time of HIV Primary Infection Is Associated with an Early Response to cART. Front Immunol 2017; 8:54. [PMID: 28239376 PMCID: PMC5300971 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are major effectors of the innate immune response. Despite an overall defect in their function associated with chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, their role in primary HIV infection is poorly understood. We investigated the modifications of the NK cell compartment in patients from the ANRS-147-Optiprim trial, a study designed to examine the benefits of intensive combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in patients with acute or early primary HIV infection. Multiparametric flow cytometry combined with bioinformatics analyses identified the NK phenotypes in blood samples from 30 primary HIV-infected patients collected at inclusion and after 3 months of cART. NK phenotypes were revealed by co-expression of CD56/CD16/NKG2A/NKG2C and CD57, five markers known to delineate stages of NK maturation. Three groups of patients were formed according to their distributions of the 12 NK cell phenotypes identified. Their virological and immunological characteristics were compared along with the early outcome of cART. At inclusion, HIV-infected individuals could be grouped into those with predominantly immature/early differentiated NK cells and those with predominantly mature NK cells. Several virological and immunological markers were improved in patients with mature NK profiles, including lower HIV viral loads, lower immune activation markers on NK and dendritic cell (DC), lower levels of plasma IL-6 and IP-10, and a trend to normal DC counts. Whereas all patients showed a decrease of viremia higher than 3 log10 copies/ml after 3 months of treatment, patients with a mature NK profile at inclusion reached this threshold more rapidly than patients with an immature NK profile (70 vs. 38%). In conclusion, a better early response to cART is observed in patients whose NK profile is skewed to maturation at inclusion. Whether the mature NK cells contributed directly or indirectly to HIV control through a better immune environment under cART is unknown. The NK maturation status of primary infected patients should be considered as a relevant marker of an immune process contributing to the early outcome of cART that could help in the management of HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Gondois-Rey
- CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Immunity and Cancer Team, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille , France
| | - Antoine Chéret
- APHP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Internal Medecin Unit, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; U1184, Paris-Sud Univ, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; CEA, DSV/iMETI, IDMIT, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; INSERM U1184, ImVA "Immunology of Chronic Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases", Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institut Pasteur, HIV, Inflammation and Persistance Unit, Paris, France; Virology Laboratory, APHP CHU Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Mallet
- CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Immunity and Cancer Team, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille , France
| | - Ghislain Bidaut
- CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, CiBi Platform, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille , France
| | - Samuel Granjeaud
- CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, CiBi Platform, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille , France
| | - Camille Lécuroux
- U1184, Paris-Sud Univ, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; CEA, DSV/iMETI, IDMIT, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; INSERM U1184, ImVA "Immunology of Chronic Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases", Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Mickaël Ploquin
- Institut Pasteur, HIV, Inflammation and Persistance Unit , Paris , France
| | | | - Christine Rouzioux
- Virology Laboratory, APHP CHU Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France; EA 7327 Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Avettand-Fenoël
- Virology Laboratory, APHP CHU Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France; EA 7327 Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Andrea De Maria
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute and Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy; Clinica Malattie Infettive, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Gilles Pialoux
- APHP, Hôpital Tenon, Infectious Diseases Unit , Paris , France
| | - Cécile Goujard
- APHP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Internal Medecin Unit , Le Kremlin-Bicêtre , France
| | - Laurence Meyer
- INSERM, CESP U1018, Epidemiology and population health, APHP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Paris 11 Univ , Le Kremlin-Bicêtre , France
| | - Daniel Olive
- CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Immunity and Cancer Team, Aix Marseille Univ , Marseille , France
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17
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HIV-1 strategies to overcome the immune system by evading and invading innate immune system. HIV & AIDS REVIEW 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hivar.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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18
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Lysis of HIV-1-infected autologous CD4+ primary T cells by interferon-alpha-activated NK cells requires NKp46 and NKG2D. AIDS 2015; 29:1767-73. [PMID: 26372382 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autologous HIV-1-infected CD4 primary T cells (aHIVCD4) have been shown to be largely resistant to natural killer (NK)-cell-mediated lysis because of viral strategies of immune evasion. We have previously shown that a preactivation of NK cells with plasmacytoid dendritic cells can significantly augment lysis of aHIVCD4 through a mechanism dependent on interferon-alpha (IFN-α). DESIGN The goal of the present study is to identify the specific NK-activating receptors involved in NK lysis of aHIVCD4 following IFN-α activation. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were incubated with aHIVCD4 to induce the secretion of endogenous levels of IFN-α and drive NK activation. We then utilized a standard chromium lysis assay to assess the degree of IFN-α-activated lysis of aHIVCD4 in the presence or absence of masking antibodies to a panel of NK-activating receptors and co-receptors. RESULTS Direct recognition of HIV-1-infected, but not uninfected, autologous CD4 primary T cells by PBMC induced the secretion IFN-α (median 2280 pg/ml, P < 0.001, n = 9) that, in turn, activated NK cells (P < 0.001, n = 12) and significantly increased their cytolytic potential against aHIVCD4 (P < 0.01, n = 12). The masking of NKp46 (P < 0.01, n = 8) and NKG2D (P < 0.05, n = 8), but not 2B4, NTBA, NKp30 or NKp44, significantly reduced IFN-α-activated lysis of aHIVCD4. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results demonstrate that endogenous levels of IFN-α secreted by plasmacytoid dendritic cells induce NK cells to lyse aHIVCD4 via the engagement of NKp46 and NKG2D.
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Papasavvas E, Foulkes A, Yin X, Joseph J, Ross B, Azzoni L, Kostman JR, Mounzer K, Shull J, Montaner LJ. Plasmacytoid dendritic cell and functional HIV Gag p55-specific T cells before treatment interruption can inform set-point plasma HIV viral load after treatment interruption in chronically suppressed HIV-1(+) patients. Immunology 2015; 145:380-90. [PMID: 25684333 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of immune correlates of HIV control is important for the design of immunotherapies that could support cure or antiretroviral therapy (ART) intensification-related strategies. ART interruptions may facilitate this task through exposure of an ART partially reconstituted immune system to endogenous virus. We investigated the relationship between set-point plasma HIV viral load (VL) during an ART interruption and innate/adaptive parameters before or after interruption. Dendritic cell (DC), natural killer (NK) cell and HIV Gag p55-specific T-cell functional responses were measured in paired cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained at the beginning (on ART) and at set-point of an open-ended interruption from 31 ART-suppressed chronically HIV-1(+) patients. Spearman correlation and linear regression modeling were used. Frequencies of plasmacytoid DC (pDC), and HIV Gag p55-specific CD3(+) CD4(-) perforin(+) IFN-γ(+) cells at the beginning of interruption associated negatively with set-point plasma VL. Inclusion of both variables with interaction into a model resulted in the best fit (adjusted R(2) = 0·6874). Frequencies of pDC or HIV Gag p55-specific CD3(+) CD4(-) CSFE(lo) CD107a(+) cells at set-point associated negatively with set-point plasma VL. The dual contribution of pDC and anti-HIV T-cell responses to viral control, supported by our models, suggests that these variables may serve as immune correlates of viral control and could be integrated in cure or ART-intensification strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Foulkes
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Brian Ross
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jay R Kostman
- Presbyterian Hospital-University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karam Mounzer
- Philadelphia Field Initiating Group for HIV-1 Trials, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jane Shull
- Philadelphia Field Initiating Group for HIV-1 Trials, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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