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Khazaeian S, Shahraki‐Sanavi F, Ansarimoghaddam A. Menarche age and the risk of diabetes: A cross-sectional study in South-Eastern Iran. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1836. [PMID: 38250476 PMCID: PMC10797647 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Diabetes is a major public health problem worldwide. This study aimed to determine the relationship between menarche age and overt diabetes in southeast Iran. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 6094 eligible women between the ages of 35 and 70 participating in the Zahedan Adult Cohort Study. Demographic and background data, fertility, anthropometry, and disease history were collected based on a questionnaire. Menarche age was classified into five categories (under 12 years, 12, 13, 14, 15 years and more). Diabetes is defined as a blood sugar of 126 or more according to the definition by the American Diabetes Association. Data analysis was done using SPSS 26 software. Descriptive analysis was performed with frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation; and analytical analysis using chi-square and logistic regression tests. The significance level in this study was p < 0.05. Results The participants' mean age was 49.41 ± 8.88, and the mean age at menarche was 13 ± 1.49. 22.8% (1389 women) of participants with diabetes and 77.2% (4705 women) did not have diabetes. The findings showed that the chance of developing diabetes in women with a menarche age <12 years was significantly higher than in women with a menarche age of 13 years (reference) (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.51). This relationship was significant after adjusting variables such as body mass index, education level, fertility factors, history of diabetes, and reproductive diabetes (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.90, 1.44, p = 0.04). Conclusion Our findings suggest that young age at menarche may be a risk factor for diabetes in adulthood. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings. However, it is suggested to pay attention to it in diabetes screening so that, if possible, by identifying people at risk and implementing prevention programs, the adverse consequences of diabetes can be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Khazaeian
- Pregnancy Health Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and MidwiferyZahedan University of Medical SciencesZahedaIran
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Chen S, Zhou Y, Mu Q, Wang Y. The interaction effect of pre-pregnancy body mass index and maternal age on the risk of pregnancy complications in twin pregnancies after assisted reproductive technology. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2271623. [PMID: 37884444 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2271623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The widespread use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has led to an increased twin pregnancy rate and increased risk of pregnancy complications. Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and maternal age are both risk factors for pregnancy complications. This study aimed to explore whether there is an interaction effect between pre-pregnancy BMI and maternal age on pregnancy complications in women with twin pregnancies after ART. METHODS Data of 445,750 women with twin pregnancies after ART were extracted from the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) database in 2016-2021 in this retrospective cohort study. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore (1) the associations between pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal age, and total pregnancy complications; (2) interaction effect between pre-pregnancy BMI and maternal age on total pregnancy complications; and (3) this interaction effect in parity, race, gestational weight gain (GWG), and preterm birth subgroups. The evaluation indexes were odds ratios (ORs), relative excess risk of interaction (RERI), attributable proportions of interaction (AP), and synergy index (S) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS A total of 6,827 women had pregnancy complications. After adjusting for the covariates, compared with women had non-AMA and pre-pregnancy BMI <25 kg/m2, higher maternal age combined with higher pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with higher odds of total pregnancy complications [OR = 2.16, 95%CI: (1.98-2.36)]. The RERI (95% CI) was 0.22 (0.04-0.41), AP (95% CI) was 0.10 (0.02-0.19), and S (95% CI) was 1.24 (1.03-1.49). Subgroup analysis results indicated that the potential additive effect between pre-pregnancy BMI and maternal age on total pregnancy complications was also found in women with different race, multipara/unipara, GWG levels, or preterm births/non-preterm births (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Pre-pregnancy BMI and maternal age may have an additive effect on the odds of pregnancy-related complications in women with twin pregnancy after ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Chen
- College of Nursing, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Nursing, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Qin Mu
- Department of Paediatrics, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yina Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Su H, Jiang C, Zhang W, Zhu F, Jin Y, Cheng K, Lam T, Xu L. Parity and incident type 2 diabetes in older Chinese women: Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9504. [PMID: 37308533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36786-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the association between parity and incident type 2 diabetes in older Chinese women and estimated the mediation effect of adiposity indicators. A total of 11,473 women without diabetes at baseline from 2003 to 2008 were followed up until 2012. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to assess the association between parity and incident type 2 diabetes, and mediation analysis to estimate the mediation effect of adiposity indicators. Compared to women with one parity, the hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) for incident type 2 diabetes was 0.85 (0.44-1.63), 1.20 (1.11-1.30), 1.28 (1.16-1.41) and 1.27 (1.14-1.42) for women with parity of 0, 2, 3, and ≥ 4, respectively. The proportion of indirect effect (95% CI) mediated by body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio and body fat percentage was 26.5% (19.2-52.2%), 54.5% (39.4-108.7%), 25.1% (18.2-49.1%), 35.9% (25.6-74.1%), 50.3% (36.5-98.6%) and 15.1% (- 66.4 to 112.3%), respectively. Compared to women with one parity, women with multiparity (≥ 2) had a higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes and up to half of the association was mediated by abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Su
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaoqiang Jiang
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Centre, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - Weisen Zhang
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Centre, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510620, China.
| | - Feng Zhu
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Centre, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - Yali Jin
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Centre, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - Karkeung Cheng
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Taihing Lam
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Centre, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510620, China
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
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Maksimovic JM, Vlajinac HD, Maksimovic MZ, Lalic NM, Vujcic IS, Pejovic BD, Sipetic Grujicic SB, Obrenovic MR, Kavecan II. Oral contraceptive use, coffee consumption, and other risk factors of type 2 diabetes in women: a case–control study. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2023.2173090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jadranka M. Maksimovic
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Hristina D. Vlajinac
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milos Z. Maksimovic
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Ecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa M. Lalic
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Disorders, Clinical Centre of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Isidora S. Vujcic
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka D. Pejovic
- Department for Diabetes, Primary Health Care Centre “Savski Venac”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Milan R. Obrenovic
- Center for Medical Genetics, Institute for Children and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivana I. Kavecan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Costa R, Tuomainen TP, Virtanen J, Niskanen L, Bertone-Johnson E. Associations of reproductive factors with postmenopausal follicle stimulating hormone. Womens Midlife Health 2022; 8:8. [PMID: 36059005 PMCID: PMC9442942 DOI: 10.1186/s40695-022-00079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Recent studies have suggested that higher postmenopausal follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) may be associated with lower risk of diabetes. However, relatively little is known about postmenopausal FSH levels, including the level of variation between women and whether reproductive factors are associated with this variation. Methods We assessed the relationship of multiple reproductive factors with FSH levels among 588 postmenopausal women in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Participants were aged 53 to 73 years and not using hormone therapy at study enrollment (1998–2001) when reproductive factors were assessed and FSH was measured. Results After adjustment for age, menopause timing, sex steroid levels, adiposity and behavioral factors, we observed numbers of pregnancies and age at first birth were each inversely associated with FSH levels. For example, women with ≥ 3 births and an age at first birth ≥ 25 years had mean FSH levels that were 7.8 IU/L lower than those of women with 1–2 births and an age at first birth ≤ 24 years (P = 0.003). Number of miscarriages was inversely associated with FSH levels (-2.7 IU/L per miscarriage; P = 0.02). Women reporting 4 or more years of past hormone therapy use had significantly higher mean FSH levels than women who had never used hormone therapy (P for trend = 0.006). Conclusion Multiple reproductive factors were associated with postmenopausal FSH, independent of estradiol, adiposity and other confounders. These findings warrant replication and further exploration of potential underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Costa
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jyrki Virtanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leo Niskanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Departments of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology/Diabetology, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elizabeth Bertone-Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA. .,Department of Health Promotion and Policy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA. .,Arnold House, University of Massachusetts, 715 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003-9304, USA.
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Gu YW, Zhang S, Wang JH, Yang HL, Zhang SQ, Yao YD, Wu YY, Xie L, Li ZY, Cao JY. Number of Births and Risk of Diabetes in China's Older Women. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:798787. [PMID: 35559347 PMCID: PMC9087266 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.798787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important life event in individuals' life, childbirth will affect the health of women to different degrees. More and more attention has been paid to whether the number of births will affect the incident diabetes in elderly women, but there are few related studies. Based on the data of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey in 2018, 6,159 older women are selected as the study population. Logistic regression analyses are used to estimate the relationship between the number of births and diabetes risk. For each additional birth, the odds ratio of maternal diabetes will decrease by 6.9% and the result is significant at the 1% level, especially among mothers having four children or less. The conclusion is equally applicable in the sample of fathers and urban mothers, but the increase in the number of births will increase the risk of diabetes in rural mothers, although this result is not statistically significant. Later age at first birth, later age at last birth, the longer childbearing period, and birth interval will significantly reduce the risk of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Wen Gu
- School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Hao Wang
- School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua-Lei Yang
- School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Si-Qing Zhang
- School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Dan Yao
- School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan-Yang Wu
- School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Institution of Population and Labor Economics, University of Chinese Academy of Social Science, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Yun Li
- College of Politics and Public Administration, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin-Yan Cao
- School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
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7
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Ye BZ, Wang XY, Wang YF, Liu NN, Xie M, Gao X, Liang Y. Impact of Tobacco Smoking on Health Care Utilization and Medical Costs in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Coronary Heart Disease and Diabetes. Curr Med Sci 2022; 42:304-316. [PMID: 35391619 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of smoking on disease-specific health care utilization and medical costs in patients with chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). METHODS Participants were middle-aged and elderly adults with chronic NCDs from a prospective cohort in China. Logistic regressions and linear models were used to assess the relationship between tobacco smoking, health care utilization and medical costs. RESULTS Totally, 1020 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 3144 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), and 1405 patients with diabetes were included in the analysis. Among patients with COPD, current smokers (β: 0.030, 95% CI: -0.032-0.092) and former smokers (β: 0.072, 95% CI: 0.014-0.131) had 3.0% and 7.2% higher total medical costs than never smokers. Medical costs of patients who had smoked for 21-40 years (β: 0.028, 95% CI:-0.038-0.094) and ≥41 years (β: 0.053, 95% CI: -0.004β0.110) were higher than those of never smokers. Patients who smoked ≥21 cigarettes (β: 0.145, 95% CI: 0.051-0.239) per day had more inpatient visits than never smokers. The association between smoking and health care utilization and medical costs in people with CHD group was similar to that in people with COPD; however, there were no significant associations in people with diabetes. CONCLUSION This study reveals that the impact of smoking on health care utilization and medical costs varies among patients with COPD, CHD, and diabetes. Tobacco control might be more effective at reducing the burden of disease for patients with COPD and CHD than for patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Zhu Ye
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yu-Fan Wang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Nan-Nan Liu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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8
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Afifah E, Nurdiati DS, Hadi H, Sofro ZM, Sadewa AH. Social Nervous Exercise Intervention and Its Association with Fasting Blood Glucose on Diabetes Mellitus Gestational. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.7893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been identified as a major complication of pregnancies and has remained a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, in both mother and child. Exercise can be used as a strategy to reduce hyperglycemia experienced during GDM. Regular exercise is important for a healthy pregnancy and can lower the risk of developing GDM. For women with GDM. Exercise is safe and can affect the pregnancy outcomes beneficially. The role of exercise about increases skeletal muscle glucose uptake and minimizing hyperglycemia. Social nervous (SaSo) exercise is a moderate-intensity exercise intervention that plays a role in controlling blood glucose through autonomic nervous stimulation so that it has an effect on glucose homeostasis. Social nervous exercise can stimulate the parasympathetic or myelinated vagus nerves. The social nerve or the social nervous system is the vagus nerve nc-X which is supported by cranial nerves, namely, nerves V, VII, IX, and XI centered in the nucleus ambiguous.
AIM: The aim of the study is to determine the impact of a social nervous (SaSo) exercise training program consisting of warm-up, core (prayer movements), and cooling exercises on glucose homeostasis parameters in pregnant women diagnosed with GDM.
METHODS: Thirty-seven pregnant women diagnosed with GDM at 24–28 weeks of gestation were allocated into two groups, thats the experimental group (n=19) with the SaSo program being regularly monitored and the control group (n=18) receiving only standard antenatal care for GDM. The Saso program started from the time diabetes was diagnosed until 6 weeks of intervention. Interventions were performed twice per week and sessions lasted 40–45 min.
RESULTS: The baseline results for the experimental and control groups were homogeneous, without differences in the baseline variables (p > 0.05). Social nervous exercise the experimental group significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels (p < 0.001) compared to the control group.
CONCLUSIONS: A social nervous exercise program has a beneficial effect on fasting blood glucose levels in late pregnancy.
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Zuk A, Liberda EN, Tsuji LJS. Environmental contaminants and the disproportionate prevalence of type-2 diabetes mellitus among Indigenous Cree women in James Bay Quebec, Canada. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24050. [PMID: 34911968 PMCID: PMC8674294 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03065-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Indigenous populations are disproportionately affected by type 2 diabetes (T2DM) compared to non-Indigenous people. Of importance, the prevalence of T2DM is greater amongst females than males in First Nations communities, in contrast to higher male prevalence reported in non-Indigenous Canadians. Therefore, in this study we extend our previously published work with respect to females, and the potential association between environmental exposures to organochlorine pesticides, such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) to explain the greater prevalence of T2DM among Indigenous females compared to males. Using data from the Multi-Community Environment-and-Health Study, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), examined 9-polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, 7-organic pesticides, and 4-metal/metalloids. Modified Poisson regression with robust error variance estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), regressing prevalent T2DM on the newly derived principal components (PC), adjusting for a priori covariates, including parity. We further examined the relationship between high detection concentrations of DDT and tertials of categorized DDE exposures on T2DM among Indigenous Cree women. Among 419 female participants, 23% (n = 95) had physician-diagnosed T2DM. PCA analysis show that DDT and Lead (Pb) loaded highly on the second axis (PC-2), although in opposite directions, indicating the different exposure sources. As previously published, T2DM was significantly associated with PC-2 across adjusted models, however, after further adjusting for parity in this analysis, T2DM was no longer significantly associated with increasing PC-2 scores (PR = 0.88, 95% 0.76, 1.03). Furthermore, we found that the highest detectable levels of DDT, and tertiles of DDE were significantly associated with prevalent T2DM in the fully adjusted model (PR = 1.93, 1.17, 3.19), and (PR = 3.58, 1.10, 11.70), respectively. This cross-sectional analysis suggests organochlorines, specifically, detectable high exposure concentrations of DDT and DDE are associated with prevalent type 2 diabetes, signifying a possible important link between parity and environmental organochlorines pesticides among Indigenous Cree women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Zuk
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, 92 Barrie Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Eric N Liberda
- School of Occupational and Public Health, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leonard J S Tsuji
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
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10
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Jasienska G. Costs of reproduction and ageing in the human female. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190615. [PMID: 32951546 PMCID: PMC7540952 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary theories of ageing point to reproduction as a significant factor to consider when asking why ageing occurs and why there is inter-individual variation in its progression. Reproduction in human females is costly, in terms of energy, nutrients and metabolic adjustments. Thus, it is expected that women who experienced high reproductive effort resulting from multiple reproductive events will age faster. However, the evidence for long-term negative effects of reproduction is not conclusive. The lack of understanding of whether there are trade-offs between reproduction and ageing in women is partly due to methodological challenges. The costs of reproduction are often calculated based only on parity, while other elements contributing to these costs (e.g. breastfeeding, timing of reproduction) are neglected, which may significantly underestimate the total costs and obscure the all-important inter-individual variation in such costs. Costs must be evaluated in relation to individual characteristics, including developmental conditions, nutritional status and social support that a mother receives during reproduction. Furthermore, ageing and health must be assessed based on comprehensive markers rather than arbitrarily assembled variables. Finally, longitudinal rather than cross-sectional studies and new statistical approaches are needed to reveal how much of a decline in health and progressing ageing can actually be attributed to past reproductive processes. This article is part of the theme issue 'Evolution of the primate ageing process'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazyna Jasienska
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Luo J, Fan C, Luo M, Fang J, Zhou S, Zhang F. Pregnancy complications among nulliparous and multiparous women with advanced maternal age: a community-based prospective cohort study in China. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:581. [PMID: 33008331 PMCID: PMC7532564 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03284-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate the incidence rates and risks of pregnancy complications among nulliparous and multiparous women with advanced maternal age (AMA, ≥35 years) in China. Methods We performed a community-based prospective cohort study of 10,171 pregnant women in selected two sub-districts and 11 towns of Liuyang from 2013 to 2015. All subjects were followed up from the first prenatal care (at ≤12 weeks) to delivery, and risks of pregnancy complications were compared by parity and maternal age groups. Results Among nulliparas, women with AMA showed significantly increased risks for gestational hypertension (OR 8.44, 95%CI 1.68–2.88), preeclampsia/eclampsia (OR 9.92, 95%CI 4.87–18.78), premature rupture of membrane (OR 6.84, 95%CI 2.00–17.69), as compared to women in the 20–29-year age group. Among multiparas with AMA, increased risks were found for gestational diabetes mellitus (OR 3.29, 95%CI 1.76–5.94), anemia (OR 1.85, 95%CI 1.25–2.69), polyhydramnios (OR 3.29, 95%CI 1.56–6.64), premature rupture of membrane (OR 5.14, 95%CI 2.12–12.29), and preterm labor (OR 1.89, 95CI 1.42–2.50). Conclusions Women with AMA were associated with increased risks of pregnancy complications, and complications with increased risks differed in nulliparas and multiparas. Women with AMA should be identified as a high-risk group in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayou Luo
- Department of Women and Children Health, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chunli Fan
- Department of Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Miyang Luo
- Department of Women and Children Health, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China. .,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Junqun Fang
- Department of Child Health Care, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shujin Zhou
- Department of Health, Liuyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Liuyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Fenfang Zhang
- Department of Health, Liuyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Liuyang, Hunan Province, China
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Moosazadeh M, Takezaki T, Saeedi M, Kheradmand M. Association between gravidity and risk of metabolic syndrome: Results of Tabari cohort study. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:843-847. [PMID: 32559733 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association of gravidity and age at first pregnancy with metabolic syndrome in a large-scale, population-based cohort study in Iran. METHODS The present secondary analysis was conducted on a subset of the population (5739 women with at least one pregnancy) enrolled in the Tabari cohort study. Reproductive history was collected using a structured questionnaire. The relationship of gravidity and age at first pregnancy with metabolic syndrome and its components was analyzed using the logistic regression model. RESULTS The results showed that after adjustment for confounding variables, the odds of having metabolic syndrome was not significantly associated with age at first pregnancy (P = 0.269) and gravidity (P = 0.504). However, there was an association between hypertension and age at first pregnancy (OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.12-0.82; P = 0.03). Additionally, waist circumference was also associated with gravidity (OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.37-3.35). CONCLUSION As the findings indicated, age at first pregnancy and gravidity were not associated with the odds of having metabolic syndrome. However, a relationship was found between first pregnancy at the age of >35 years and the decreased risk of hypertension. Gravidity was also found to be a dose-dependent risk factor for increased waist circumference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Health Science Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Toshiro Takezaki
- Department of International Islands and Community Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Majid Saeedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Motahareh Kheradmand
- Health Science Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Qu X, Wang H, Zhou S, Fang Z, Li J, Tang K. Association between age at first childbirth and type 2 diabetes in Chinese women. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:223-231. [PMID: 31087500 PMCID: PMC6944842 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION The present study aims to explore the relationship between age at first childbirth and developing type 2 diabetes, and analyze potential modifiers of its relationship. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data were obtained from the baseline survey of a large-scale cohort study in 10 diverse areas of China. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze the association between developing type 2 diabetes and the age at first childbirth. Adjustments were made in each model on sociodemographic, socioeconomic and reproductive covariates. Subgroup analyses were further carried out to investigate the effects of reproductive factors, body mass index at 25 years of age and hypertension on the above-mentioned association. RESULTS Women who have their first child at age <20 years (odds ratio [OR] 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22-1.44) and between the ages of 20 and 24 years (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.10-1.23) were more likely to be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes compared with those who have their first child between the ages of 25 and 29 years; equal to or more than three parities (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.30-1.60), premenopausal status (OR 1.58, 95% CI 0.99-2.54), overweight at age 25 years (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.37-1.93) and hypertension (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.22-1.53) are all conditions found to increase the odds of developing type 2 diabetes in those who have their their first child at an early age (<20 years). CONCLUSIONS The study concluded that having the first child at an early age is associated with an increased likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes later in life; reproductive factors, overweight at age 25 years and status of hypotension could modify such an association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Qu
- Bloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Research Center for Public HealthTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hanyu Wang
- Institute for Medical HumanitiesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Shiyuan Zhou
- School of Public HealthPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Zhe Fang
- School of Public HealthPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Jingyuan Li
- School of Public HealthPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Kun Tang
- Research Center for Public HealthTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
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Martínez-Selles M. Pregnancy and cardiovascular risk. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019; 26:1118. [PMID: 30691302 DOI: 10.1177/2047487319826336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Pandeya N, Huxley RR, Chung HF, Dobson AJ, Kuh D, Hardy R, Cade JE, Greenwood DC, Giles GG, Bruinsma F, Demakakos P, Simonsen MK, Adami HO, Weiderpass E, Mishra GD. Female reproductive history and risk of type 2 diabetes: A prospective analysis of 126 721 women. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:2103-2112. [PMID: 29696756 PMCID: PMC6105508 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the prospective associations between aspects of a woman's reproductive history and incident diabetes. METHODS We pooled individual data from 126 721 middle-aged women from eight cohort studies contributing to the International Collaboration for a Life Course Approach to Reproductive Health and Chronic Disease Events (InterLACE). Associations between age at menarche, age at first birth, parity and menopausal status with incident diabetes were examined using generalized linear mixed models, with binomial distribution and robust variance. We stratified by body mass index (BMI) when there was evidence of a statistical interaction with BMI. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 9 years, 4073 cases of diabetes were reported. Non-linear associations with diabetes were observed for age at menarche, parity and age at first birth. Compared with menarche at age 13 years, menarche at ≤10 years was associated with an 18% increased risk of diabetes (relative risk [RR] 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.37) after adjusting for BMI. After stratifying by BMI, the increased risk was only observed in women with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 . A U-shaped relationship was observed between parity and risk of diabetes. Compared with pre-/peri-menopausal women, women with a hysterectomy/oophorectomy had an increased risk of diabetes (RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.07-1.29). CONCLUSIONS Several markers of a woman's reproductive history appear to be modestly associated with future risk of diabetes. Maintaining a normal weight in adult life may ameliorate any increase in risk conferred by early onset of menarche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Pandeya
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rachel R. Huxley
- La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Corresponding author: Professor Rachel Huxley, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia, Tel: + 03 9479 1407; Fax: +03 9479 1407,
| | - Hsin-Fang Chung
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Annette J. Dobson
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Diana Kuh
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Hardy
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
| | - Janet E. Cade
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Darren C. Greenwood
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fiona Bruinsma
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Panayotes Demakakos
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Effectiveness Research Group, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Norway
| | - Gita D Mishra
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Guo P, Zhou Q, Ren L, Chen Y, Hui Y. Higher parity is associated with increased risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus in women: A linear dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:58-66. [PMID: 28340964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM The goal of this study is to investigate the association between higher parity and the risk of occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in women and to quantify the potential dose-response relation. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, and EMBASE electronic databases for related cohort studies up to March 10th, 2016. Summary rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for T2DM with at least 3 categories of exposure were eligible. A random-effects dose-response analysis procedure was used to study the relations between them. RESULTS After screening a total of 13,647 published studies, only 7 cohort studies (9,394 incident cases and 286,840 female participants) were found to be eligible for this meta-analysis. In the category analysis, the pooled RR for the highest number of parity vs. the lowest one was 1.42 (95% CI: 1.17-1.72, I2=71.5%, Pheterogeneity=0.002, Power=0.99). In the dose-response analysis, a noticeable linear dose-risk relation was found between parity and T2DM (Pfor nonlinearity test=0.942). For every live birth increase in parity, the combined RR was 1.06 (95% CI: 1.02-1.09, I2=84.3%, Pheterogeneity=0.003, Power=0.99). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses yielded similar results. No publication bias was found in the results. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests that higher parity and the risk of T2DM show a linear relationship in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei 442000, China.
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Science and Education, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Hunan, 415003, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yue Hui
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, 442000, China.
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Li P, Shan Z, Zhou L, Xie M, Bao W, Zhang Y, Rong Y, Yang W, Liu L. MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Parity and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol 2016; 175:R231-45. [PMID: 27334332 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiologic studies regarding the association between parity and risk of type 2 diabetes have yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis to determine the relation between parity and type 2 diabetes risk. METHODS We searched PubMed and Embase for published epidemiologic studies that assessed the relation between parity and risk of type 2 diabetes up to 31 March 2016. A dose-response random-effects model was used to combine study-specific relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored by meta-regression and subgroup analyses. RESULTS Seven cohort studies, 1 case-control study and 9 cross-sectional studies including 296 923 participants were eligible for inclusion. The combined RR for the highest versus lowest category of parity indicated a 54% increment in type 2 diabetes risk (95% CI: 29-83%). In the cubic spline model, a nonlinear association was found between parity and risk of type 2 diabetes (P = 0.02 for nonlinearity). Compared with nulliparous women, the estimated RR (95% CI) of type 2 diabetes for women with one to seven children was 1.01 (0.96-1.07), 1.08 (1.00-1.16), 1.20 (1.12-1.30), 1.32 (1.22-1.42), 1.37 (1.27-1.48), 1.39 (1.26-1.52) and 1.39 (1.23-1.57) respectively. CONCLUSIONS Higher parity is significantly associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Further studies are warranted to fully adjust for the potential confounders and explore the causality between parity and type 2 diabetes risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyun Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygieneHubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China MOE Key Lab of Environment and HealthSchool of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilei Shan
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygieneHubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China MOE Key Lab of Environment and HealthSchool of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygieneHubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China MOE Key Lab of Environment and HealthSchool of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Manling Xie
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineEmory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of EpidemiologyCollege of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygieneHubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China MOE Key Lab of Environment and HealthSchool of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Rong
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygieneHubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China MOE Key Lab of Environment and HealthSchool of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygieneHubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China MOE Key Lab of Environment and HealthSchool of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygieneHubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China MOE Key Lab of Environment and HealthSchool of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Peters SAE, Yang L, Guo Y, Chen Y, Bian Z, Millwood IY, Bragg F, Zhou X, Ge P, Chen B, Gao Y, Li Y, Chen J, Li L, Woodward M, Chen Z. Parenthood and the risk of diabetes in men and women: a 7 year prospective study of 0.5 million individuals. Diabetologia 2016; 59:1675-82. [PMID: 27193915 PMCID: PMC4930461 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3980-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS In women, higher parity has been associated with increased risk of diabetes later in life. It is unclear, however, whether this association is mainly due to biological effects of childbearing, or to socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with childrearing. We assessed the association between number of children and diabetes risk separately in women and men. METHODS Between 2004 and 2008, the nationwide China Kadoorie Biobank recruited 0.5 million individuals aged 30-79 (mean 51 years) from ten diverse regions across China. During 7 years of follow-up, 8,840 incident cases of diabetes were recorded among 463,347 participants without prior cardiovascular diseases or diabetes. Multivariable Cox regression yielded sex-specific HRs and 95% CIs for incident diabetes by number of children. RESULTS Overall, ∼98% of all participants had children. In women, there was a J-shaped association between number of children and risk of diabetes. Compared with women with one child, the adjusted HRs for diabetes were 1.39 (95% CI 1.11, 1.73) for childless women, 1.12 (95% CI 1.07, 1.18) for those with two children, 1.23 (95% CI 1.16, 1.31) for those with three children, and 1.32 (95% CI 1.21, 1.44) for those with four or more children. In men, there was a similar association with risk of diabetes; the corresponding HRs were 1.28 (95% CI 1.02, 1.60), 1.19 (95% CI 1.12, 1.26), 1.32 (95% CI 1.21, 1.44) and 1.41 (95% CI 1.24, 1.60), respectively. In both sexes, the findings were broadly similar in different population subgroups. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The similarity between women and men in the association between number of children and risk of diabetes suggests that parenthood is most likely to affect diabetes risk through factors associated with childrearing rather than via biological effects of childbearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne A E Peters
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, 34 Broad Street, Oxford, OX1 3BD, UK
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Zheng Bian
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Fiona Bragg
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases, Heilongjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Ge
- Gansu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Biyun Chen
- Department of Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases, Hunan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hunan, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulian Gao
- Huixian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huixian, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Li
- Department of Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases, Meilan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junshi Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Li
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Public Health, Beijing University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mark Woodward
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, 34 Broad Street, Oxford, OX1 3BD, UK.
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK.
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Perceived resource support for chronic illnesses among diabetics in north-western China. Front Med 2016; 10:219-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s11684-016-0441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Innes KE, Kandati S, Flack KL, Agarwal P, Selfe TK. The Relationship of Restless Legs Syndrome to History of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2016; 25:397-408. [PMID: 26913940 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2015.5484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restless legs syndrome (RLS), a burdensome sleep disorder, has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, diabetes, and related disorders. However, the relationship of RLS to history of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), a predictor of subsequent CVD, diabetes, and associated conditions, remains little explored. In this study, we investigated the relationship of RLS to history of PIH in a sample of primary care patients. METHODS Participants were women aged ≥40 years drawn from an anonymous survey study of West Virginia primary care patients. Data collected included detailed information on demographics, lifestyle factors, sleep patterns, and reproductive/medical history; the survey also included an RLS diagnostic questionnaire. Women who were pregnant or unsure about their pregnancy status were excluded from the analyses. RESULTS Of the 498 participants in the final analytic sample, 24.5% met diagnostic criteria for RLS (17.9% with symptoms ≥once/week, 11.9% with symptoms ≥3 times/week); 73 (16.5% of parous women) reported a history of PIH, defined as physician-diagnosed preeclampsia or gestational hypertension. After adjustment for demographics, lifestyle characteristics, obesity, reproductive history, health conditions, and other factors, those reporting a history of PIH were approximately twice as likely to meet criteria for RLS (odds ratio [OR] = 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1, 3.6). These associations increased in magnitude with increasing symptom frequency (adjusted OR for RLS with symptoms ≥3 times/week = 3.8; CI 1.9, 7.6; p for trend = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS History of PIH was strongly and positively related to current RLS in this study of primary care patients; these findings further support a possible role for metabolic dysregulation in RLS etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim E Innes
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, West Virginia University School of Public Health , Morgantown, West Virginia.,2 Center for the Study of Complementary and Alternative Therapies, University of Virginia Health System , Charlottesville, Virginia.,3 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Virginia Health System , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Sahiti Kandati
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, West Virginia University School of Public Health , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Kathryn L Flack
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, West Virginia University School of Public Health , Morgantown, West Virginia.,4 WV Focus: Reproductive Education & Equality , Charleston, West Virginia
| | - Parul Agarwal
- 5 Department of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Terry Kit Selfe
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, West Virginia University School of Public Health , Morgantown, West Virginia.,2 Center for the Study of Complementary and Alternative Therapies, University of Virginia Health System , Charlottesville, Virginia
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Berggren EK, Presley L, Amini SB, Hauguel-de Mouzon S, Catalano PM. Are the metabolic changes of pregnancy reversible in the first year postpartum? Diabetologia 2015; 58:1561-8. [PMID: 25957777 PMCID: PMC4703315 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3604-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Maternal metabolic alterations are essential to achieve healthy pregnancy outcomes, but increasing maternal parity may be associated with long-term metabolic dysfunction risk. As existing data are limited by study design, our aim was to employ robust metabolic measures to determine whether or not physiological pregnancy alterations in maternal metabolic function persist at 1 year postpartum. METHODS We evaluated 21 healthy women, of whom 11 had an interval pregnancy (IP) and assessment at preconception, during pregnancy and 1 year postpartum, and 10 had no IP and assessment at baseline and a 1 year interval. Assessment measures included body composition, insulin sensitivity and response, and basal metabolic rate. For each measure, IP vs no IP and time intervals within each group were compared using nonparametric analyses, reporting median (IQR). RESULTS IP and no IP women were similar at enrolment, and no IP women had similar metabolic profiles at enrolment and the 1 year interval. IP women exhibited expected metabolic changes during pregnancy compared with preconception. In IP women, preconception and postpartum measures, including fat mass (20.7 [13.7-37.4] kg vs 18.4 [13.8-41.3] kg; p = 0.2), total insulin response (AUC 11,459 [9,230-13,696] pmol/ml × min vs 11,522 [5,882-17,404] pmol/ml × min; p = 0.9), insulin sensitivity (0.12 [0.06-0.13] mg [kg fat-free mass (FFM)](-1) min(-1) vs 0.11 [0.10-0.15] mg [kg FFM](-1) min(-1); p = 0.1) and basal metabolic rate (0.092 [0.092-0.105] kJ min(-1) FFM vs 0.096 [0.088-0.096] kJ min(-1) FFM; p = 0.5), were similar. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest pregnancy might not irreversibly alter maternal metabolic profile, measured at preconception through to 1 year postpartum. This result might be explained by a return to pre-pregnancy weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica K Berggren
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University/MetroHealth Medical Center, Center for Reproductive Health, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH, 44109, USA,
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Cure P, Hoffman HJ, Cure-Cure C. Parity and diabetes risk among hispanic women from Colombia: cross-sectional evidence. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015; 7:7. [PMID: 25729439 PMCID: PMC4343264 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-015-0001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between parity and type 2 diabetes has been studied in developed countries and in Singapore and Chinese women but not in Hispanics. Herein we evaluated the association between parity (number of live births) with diabetes in a group of Hispanic postmenopausal women from Colombia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Herein we evaluated the association between parity and diabetes in a population of 1,795 women from Colombia. Women were divided in birth categories (0 [referent], 1 or 2, 3-5, 6 or > births). Medical history of diabetes and anthropometric characteristics were recorded. Logistic regressions were performed in order to find the association between parity and diabetes in bivariable and multivariable models after controlling for age, body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR) and diabetes family history, among other variables. RESULTS In our study, there was an association between parity and diabetes after adjusting for age, BMI and diabetes family history in the multiparous women groups when compared to the women with no births (Referent group) [1-2 births vs. referent OR 5.2 (95 CI 1.2-22.9), 3-5 births vs. referent OR 5.5 (1.3-23.0) and ≥6 births vs. referent OR 7.5 (1.8-31.8), respectively]. The association was maintained in two of the groups in the multivariable analysis [OR 5.0 (1.1-22.9) and 5.3 (1.2-23.5)], for 1 or 2 births and 6 or > births versus 0 births, respectively. Positive diabetes family history and WHR were also associated with an increased risk of diabetes [OR 4.6 (3.0-7.0) and 4.1 (2.0-8.1), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS In postmenopausal Hispanic women, multiparity, as well as a positive family history of diabetes and a high waist-hip ratio were associated with higher diabetes risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Cure
- />Children’s National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW Washington DC, 20010 USA
- />The George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
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