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Zhang Z, Li X, Huang M, Huang Y, Tan X, Dong Y, Huang Y, Jian J. Siglec7 functions as an inhibitory receptor of non-specific cytotoxic cells and can regulate the innate immune responses in a primitive vertebrate (Oreochromis niloticus). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134851. [PMID: 39168212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
In mammals, siglec7, an integral component of the siglecs, is principally found on the surface of natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages, and monocytes, where it interacts with various pathogens to perform immunological regulatory activities. Nonetheless, the immune defense and mechanism of siglec7 in early vertebrates remain unknown. In this study, we identified siglec7 from Oreochromis niloticus (OnSiglec7) and revealed its immune functions. Specifically, OnSiglec7 was abundantly expressed in immune-related tissues of healthy tilapia and its transcription level was strongly activated after being challenged with A. hydrophila, S. agalactiae, and Poly: IC. Meanwhile, OnSiglec7 protein was purified and analyzed, which could recognize multiple pathogens through binding and agglutinating activity. Moreover, OnSiglec7-positive cells were mainly distributed in non-specific cytotoxic cells (NCC) of tilapia HKLs and showed cell membrane localization. Furthermore, OnSiglec7 blockage affected multiple innate immune responses (inflammation, apoptosis, and pyroptosis process) by regulating the activation of MAPK, NF-κB, TLR, and JAK-STAT pathways. Finally, OnSiglec7 blockage also greatly enhanced the cytotoxic effect of tilapia NCC. Summarily, this study uncovers immune functions and mechanisms of siglec7 in primitive vertebrates, thereby enhancing our understanding of the systemic evolution and ancient functions of other siglecs within the host's innate immune system (to our knowledge).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xing Li
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Meiling Huang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yongxiong Huang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xuyan Tan
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuhang Dong
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yu Huang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jichang Jian
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China.
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2
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Jia Y, Lu W, Xie H, Sheng Y, Wang L, Lv W, Ling L, Dong J, Jia X, Wu S, Liu W, Ying H. Upregulation of Siglec-6 induces mitochondrial dysfunction by promoting GPR20 expression in early-onset preeclampsia. J Transl Med 2024; 22:674. [PMID: 39039496 PMCID: PMC11265165 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05505-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia, especially early-onset preeclampsia (EO-PE), is a pregnancy complication that has serious consequences for the health of both the mother and the fetus. Although abnormal placentation due to mitochondrial dysfunction is speculated to contribute to the development of EO-PE, the underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. METHODS The expression and localization of Siglec-6 in the placenta from normal pregnancies, preterm birth and EO-PE patients were examined by RT-qPCR, Western blot and IHC. Transwell assays were performed to evaluate the effect of Siglec-6 on trophoblast cell migration and invasion. Seahorse experiments were conducted to assess the impact of disrupting Siglec-6 expression on mitochondrial function. Co-IP assay was used to examine the interaction of Siglec-6 with SHP1/SHP2. RNA-seq was employed to investigate the mechanism by which Siglec-6 inhibits mitochondrial function in trophoblast cells. RESULTS The expression of Siglec-6 in extravillous trophoblasts is increased in placental tissues from EO-PE patients. Siglec-6 inhibits trophoblast cell migration and invasion and impairs mitochondrial function. Mechanismly, Siglec-6 inhibits the activation of NF-κB by recruiting SHP1/SHP2, leading to increased expression of GPR20. Notably, the importance of GPR20 function downstream of Siglec-6 in trophoblasts is supported by the observation that GPR20 downregulation rescues defects caused by Siglec-6 overexpression. Finally, overexpression of Siglec-6 in the placenta induces a preeclampsia-like phenotype in a pregnant mouse model. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that the regulatory pathway Siglec-6/GPR20 has a crucial role in regulating trophoblast mitochondrial function, and we suggest that Siglec-6 and GPR20 could serve as potential markers and targets for the clinical diagnosis and therapy of EO-PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhui Jia
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Xie
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Sheng
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqi Lv
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Ling
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Dong
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinrui Jia
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengyu Wu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Ying
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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Nilius H, Hamzeh-Cognasse H, Hastings J, Studt JD, Tsakiris DA, Greinacher A, Mendez A, Schmidt A, Wuillemin WA, Gerber B, Vishnu P, Graf L, Kremer Hovinga JA, Bakchoul T, Cognasse F, Nagler M. Proteomic profiling for biomarker discovery in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Blood Adv 2024; 8:2825-2834. [PMID: 38588487 PMCID: PMC11176969 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2024012782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT New analytical techniques can assess hundreds of proteins simultaneously with high sensitivity, facilitating the observation of their complex interplay and role in disease mechanisms. We hypothesized that proteomic profiling targeting proteins involved in thrombus formation, inflammation, and the immune response would identify potentially new biomarkers for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Four existing panels of the Olink proximity extension assay covering 356 proteins involved in thrombus formation, inflammation, and immune response were applied to randomly selected patients with suspected HIT (confirmed HIT, n = 32; HIT ruled out, n = 38; and positive heparin/platelet factor 4 [H/PF4] antibodies, n = 28). The relative difference in protein concentration was analyzed using a linear regression model adjusted for sex and age. To confirm the test results, soluble P-selectin was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in above mentioned patients and an additional second data set (n = 49). HIT was defined as a positive heparin-induced platelet activation assay (washed platelet assay). Among 98 patients of the primary data set, the median 4Ts score was 5 in patients with HIT, 4 in patients with positive H/PF4 antibodies, and 3 in patients without HIT. The median optical density of a polyspecific H/PF4 ELISA were 3.0, 0.9, and 0.3. Soluble P-selectin remained statistically significant after multiple test adjustments. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.81 for Olink and 0.8 for ELISA. Future studies shall assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of soluble P-selectin in the management of HIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Nilius
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hind Hamzeh-Cognasse
- French Blood Establishment Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, Saint-Etienne, France
- University Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Etienne, INSERM, U 1059 SAINBIOSE, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Janna Hastings
- Institute for Implementation Science in Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- School of Medicine, University of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jan-Dirk Studt
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Andreas Greinacher
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Adriana Mendez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Schmidt
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Clinic of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Municipal Hospital Zurich Triemli, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter A. Wuillemin
- Division of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne and University of Bern, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Gerber
- Clinic of Hematology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Prakash Vishnu
- Division of Hematology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Lukas Graf
- Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen, Center for Laboratory Medicine, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Johanna A. Kremer Hovinga
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tamam Bakchoul
- Centre for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fabrice Cognasse
- French Blood Establishment Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, Saint-Etienne, France
- University Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Etienne, INSERM, U 1059 SAINBIOSE, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Michael Nagler
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Raïch-Regué D, Resa-Infante P, Gallemí M, Laguia F, Muñiz-Trabudua X, Muñoz-Basagoiti J, Perez-Zsolt D, Chojnacki J, Benet S, Clotet B, Martinez-Picado J, Izquierdo-Useros N. Role of Siglecs in viral infections: A double-edged sword interaction. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 90:101113. [PMID: 35981912 PMCID: PMC9923124 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins are cell surface immune receptors known as Siglecs that play a paramount role as modulators of immunity. In recent years, research has underscored how the underlaying biology of this family of receptors influences the outcome of viral infections. While Siglecs are needed to promote effective antiviral immune responses, they can also pave the way to viral dissemination within tissues. Here, we review how recent preclinical findings focusing on the interplay between Siglecs and viruses may translate into promising broad-spectrum therapeutic interventions or key biomarkers to monitor the course of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dàlia Raïch-Regué
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Patricia Resa-Infante
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain; University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500, Vic, Spain
| | - Marçal Gallemí
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Fernando Laguia
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Xabier Muñiz-Trabudua
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Perez-Zsolt
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Jakub Chojnacki
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Susana Benet
- Fundació lluita contra la SIDA, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain; University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500, Vic, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Spain; Fundació lluita contra la SIDA, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain; Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martinez-Picado
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain; University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500, Vic, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Spain; Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Izquierdo-Useros
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Spain; Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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5
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Huang YF, Su SC, Chuang HY, Chen HH, Twu YC. Histone deacetylation-regulated cell surface Siglec-7 expression promoted megakaryocytic maturation and enhanced platelet-like particle release. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:329-343. [PMID: 36700509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functioning as important hematologic cells for hemostasis, wound healing and immune defense platelets are produced before being released into the blood by cytoplasmic fragmentation at the end of the megakaryocyte (MK) differentiation, during which the involvement of both apoptosis and autophagy has been reported. Inhibitory sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin-7 gene (Siglec-7) can be expressed on platelets and induce apoptosis on activation for uncharacterized function. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanism for Siglec-7 activation along MK differentiation and its physiologic role during the MK maturation and platelet formation. METHODS By using 2 well-established MK differentiation models (HEL and K562) and human primary CD34+ cell, we examined the upregulations of transcript and protein levels of Siglec-7 during MK differentiation, and the effect of Siglec-7 surface presence on MK differentiation and platelet-like particles (PLPs) release. RESULTS We show that both transcripts and surface Siglec-7 were elevated during MK differentiation, and the histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) acted as a negative regulator for Siglec-7 activation. By increasing Siglec-7 surface expression, we found that increased presence of Siglec-7 not only enhanced MK maturation but also the release of PLPs by activating caspase 3-dependent signaling, as evidenced in the observation of more CD41, polyploidy, and platelet factor 4 transcript formations. CONCLUSION In this study, we demonstrated that Siglec-7 activation was subjected to epigenetic regulation, and the resulting induced expression of surface Siglec-7 played an important regulatory role in promoting MK differentiation, maturation, and PLP formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fei Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Su
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Chuang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Han Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Ching Twu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Robida PA, Rische CH, Morgenstern NBB, Janarthanam R, Cao Y, Krier-Burris RA, Korver W, Xu A, Luu T, Schanin J, Leung J, Rothenberg ME, Wechsler JB, Youngblood BA, Bochner BS, O’Sullivan JA. Functional and Phenotypic Characterization of Siglec-6 on Human Mast Cells. Cells 2022; 11:1138. [PMID: 35406705 PMCID: PMC8997871 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are tissue-resident cells that contribute to allergic diseases, among others, due to excessive or inappropriate cellular activation and degranulation. Therapeutic approaches to modulate mast cell activation are urgently needed. Siglec-6 is an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM)-bearing receptor selectively expressed by mast cells, making it a promising target for therapeutic intervention. However, the effects of its engagement on mast cells are poorly defined. Siglec-6 expression and endocytosis on primary human mast cells and mast cell lines were assessed by flow cytometry. SIGLEC6 mRNA expression was examined by single-cell RNAseq in esophageal tissue biopsy samples. The ability of Siglec-6 engagement or co-engagement to prevent primary mast cell activation was determined based on assessments of mediator and cytokine secretion and degranulation markers. Siglec-6 was highly expressed by all mast cells examined, and the SIGLEC6 transcript was restricted to mast cells in esophageal biopsy samples. Siglec-6 endocytosis occurred with delayed kinetics relative to the related receptor Siglec-8. Co-crosslinking of Siglec-6 with FcεRIα enhanced the inhibition of mast cell activation and diminished downstream ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation. The selective, stable expression and potent inhibitory capacity of Siglec-6 on human mast cells are favorable for its use as a therapeutic target in mast cell-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piper A. Robida
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (P.A.R.); (Y.C.); (R.A.K.-B.); (J.B.W.); (B.S.B.)
| | - Clayton H. Rische
- McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA;
| | - Netali Ben-Baruch Morgenstern
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (N.B.-B.M.); (M.E.R.)
| | - Rethavathi Janarthanam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Yun Cao
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (P.A.R.); (Y.C.); (R.A.K.-B.); (J.B.W.); (B.S.B.)
| | - Rebecca A. Krier-Burris
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (P.A.R.); (Y.C.); (R.A.K.-B.); (J.B.W.); (B.S.B.)
| | - Wouter Korver
- Allakos, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94065, USA; (W.K.); (A.X.); (T.L.); (J.S.); (J.L.); (B.A.Y.)
| | - Alan Xu
- Allakos, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94065, USA; (W.K.); (A.X.); (T.L.); (J.S.); (J.L.); (B.A.Y.)
| | - Thuy Luu
- Allakos, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94065, USA; (W.K.); (A.X.); (T.L.); (J.S.); (J.L.); (B.A.Y.)
| | - Julia Schanin
- Allakos, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94065, USA; (W.K.); (A.X.); (T.L.); (J.S.); (J.L.); (B.A.Y.)
| | - John Leung
- Allakos, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94065, USA; (W.K.); (A.X.); (T.L.); (J.S.); (J.L.); (B.A.Y.)
| | - Marc E. Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (N.B.-B.M.); (M.E.R.)
| | - Joshua B. Wechsler
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (P.A.R.); (Y.C.); (R.A.K.-B.); (J.B.W.); (B.S.B.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Bradford A. Youngblood
- Allakos, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94065, USA; (W.K.); (A.X.); (T.L.); (J.S.); (J.L.); (B.A.Y.)
| | - Bruce S. Bochner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (P.A.R.); (Y.C.); (R.A.K.-B.); (J.B.W.); (B.S.B.)
| | - Jeremy A. O’Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (P.A.R.); (Y.C.); (R.A.K.-B.); (J.B.W.); (B.S.B.)
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7
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Wood B, Padula MP, Marks DC, Johnson L. Cryopreservation alters the immune characteristics of platelets. Transfusion 2021; 61:3432-3442. [PMID: 34636427 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryopreserved platelets are under clinical evaluation as they offer improvements in shelf-life and potentially hemostatic effectiveness. However, the effect of cryopreservation on characteristics related to the immune function of platelets has not been examined. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Buffy coat derived platelets were cryopreserved at -80°C using 5%-6% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO, n = 8). Paired testing was conducted pre-freeze (PF), post-thaw (PT0), and after 24 h of post-thaw storage at room temperature (PT24). The concentration of biological response modifiers (BRMs) in the supernatant was measured using commercial ELISAs and surface receptor abundance was assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Cryopreservation resulted in increased RANTES, PF4, and C3a but decreased IL-1β, OX40L, IL-13, IL-27, CD40L, and C5a concentrations in the supernatant, compared to PF samples. C4a, endocan, and HMGB1 concentrations were similar between the PF and PT0 groups. The abundance of surface-expressed P-selectin, siglec-7, TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9 was increased PT0; while CD40, CLEC2, ICAM-2, and MHC-I were decreased, compared to PF. The surface abundance of CD40L, B7-2, DC-SIGN, HCAM, TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR6 was unchanged by cryopreservation. Following 24 h of post-thaw storage, all immune associated receptors and TLRs increased to levels higher than observed on PF and PT0 platelets. CONCLUSION Cryopreservation alters the immune phenotype of platelets. Understanding the clinical implications of the observed changes in BRM release and receptor abundance are essential, as they may influence the likelihood of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wood
- Research & Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew P Padula
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Denese C Marks
- Research & Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lacey Johnson
- Research & Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia
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8
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Liao H, Winkler J, Wißfeld J, Shahraz A, Klaus C, Neumann H. Low molecular weight polysialic acid prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory dopaminergic neurodegeneration in humanized SIGLEC11 transgenic mice. Glia 2021; 69:2845-2862. [PMID: 34406679 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly population, with a pathophysiology linked to neuroinflammation, complement activation, and oxidative damage. Soluble polysialic acid with an average degree of polymerization 20 (polySia avDP20) prevents inflammation and oxidative burst in human macrophages via sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin like lectin-11 (SIGLEC11) receptor and interferes with alternative complement activation. Here, we confirmed the anti-inflammatory capacity of polySia avDP20 on cultured murine embryonic stem cell-derived microglia and analyzed the effect of polySia avDP20 in a lipopolysaccharide-triggered animal model of Parkinson's disease. We demonstrated a neuroprotective effect of intraperitoneally applied polySia avDP20 in humanized SIGLEC11 transgenic mice after repeated systemic challenge with lipopolysaccharide. Pathway enrichment analysis of the brain transcriptome on day 19 after disease initiation showed that intraperitoneal application of 10 μg/g body weight polySia avDP20 prevented excessive inflammation. In line with these data, polySia avDP20 attenuated the lipopolysaccharide-triggered increase in mRNA levels of immune-related genes (Il1b, Cd14, Myd88, Fcer1g, Itgam, C4, Cybb, Iba1 and Cd68) and cell death-related genes (Casp8, Ripk1 and Ripk3) in the brains of SIGLEC11 transgenic mice on day 19, but not on day 5. Moreover, immunohistochemistry demonstrated that polySia avDP20 reduced the lipopolysaccharide-induced increase in immunoreactivity of IBA1 and CD68 in the substantia nigra pars reticulata in SIGLEC11 transgenic and wild type mice on day 19. Furthermore, treatment with polySia avDP20 prevented the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta induced by lipopolysaccharide challenge in both SIGLEC11 transgenic and wild type mice on day 19. Thus, our data demonstrate that polySia avDP20 ameliorates inflammatory dopaminergic neurodegeneration and therefore is a promising drug candidate to prevent Parkinson's disease-related inflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liao
- Neural Regeneration Unit, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonas Winkler
- Neural Regeneration Unit, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jannis Wißfeld
- Neural Regeneration Unit, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anahita Shahraz
- Neural Regeneration Unit, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christine Klaus
- Neural Regeneration Unit, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Harald Neumann
- Neural Regeneration Unit, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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9
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Ebermeyer T, Cognasse F, Berthelot P, Mismetti P, Garraud O, Hamzeh-Cognasse H. Platelet Innate Immune Receptors and TLRs: A Double-Edged Sword. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157894. [PMID: 34360659 PMCID: PMC8347377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are hematopoietic cells whose main function has for a long time been considered to be the maintenance of vascular integrity. They have an essential role in the hemostatic response, but they also have functional capabilities that go far beyond it. This review will provide an overview of platelet functions. Indeed, stress signals may induce platelet apoptosis through proapoptotis or hemostasis receptors, necrosis, and even autophagy. Platelets also interact with immune cells and modulate immune responses in terms of activation, maturation, recruitment and cytokine secretion. This review will also show that platelets, thanks to their wide range of innate immune receptors, and in particular toll-like receptors, and can be considered sentinels actively participating in the immuno-surveillance of the body. We will discuss the diversity of platelet responses following the engagement of these receptors as well as the signaling pathways involved. Finally, we will show that while platelets contribute significantly, via their TLRs, to immune response and inflammation, these receptors also participate in the pathophysiological processes associated with various pathogens and diseases, including cancer and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Ebermeyer
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (T.E.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (O.G.)
| | - Fabrice Cognasse
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (T.E.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (O.G.)
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, 25 bd Pasteur, F-42100 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Philippe Berthelot
- Team GIMAP, CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, U1111, UMR5308, F-69007 Lyon, France;
- Infectious Diseases Department, CHU de St-Etienne, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Patrick Mismetti
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (T.E.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (O.G.)
- Department of Vascular Medicine and Therapeutics, INNOVTE, CHU de St-Etienne, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Olivier Garraud
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (T.E.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (O.G.)
| | - Hind Hamzeh-Cognasse
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (T.E.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (O.G.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Usnic Acid and Usnea barbata (L.) F.H. Wigg. Dry Extracts Promote Apoptosis and DNA Damage in Human Blood Cells through Enhancing ROS Levels. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081171. [PMID: 34439420 PMCID: PMC8388874 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, numerous biomedical studies performed on natural compounds and plant extracts aim to obtain highly selective pharmacological activities without unwanted toxic effects. In the big world of medicinal plants, Usnea barbata (L) F.H. Wigg (U. barbata) and usnic acid (UA) are well-known for their therapeutical properties. One of the most studied properties is their cytotoxicity on various tumor cells. This work aims to evaluate their cytotoxic potential on normal blood cells. Three dry U. barbata extracts in various solvents: ethyl acetate (UBEA), acetone (UBA), and ethanol (UBE) were prepared. From UBEA we isolated usnic acid with high purity by semipreparative chromatography. Then, UA, UBA, and UBE dissolved in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and diluted in four concentrations were tested for their toxicity on human blood cells. The blood samples were collected from a healthy non-smoker donor; the obtained blood cell cultures were treated with the tested samples. After 24 h, the cytotoxic effect was analyzed through the mechanisms that can cause cell death: early and late apoptosis, caspase 3/7 activity, nuclear apoptosis, autophagy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and DNA damage. Generally, the cytotoxic effect was directly proportional to the increase of concentrations, usnic acid inducing the most significant response. At high concentrations, usnic acid and U. barbata extracts induced apoptosis and DNA damage in human blood cells, increasing ROS levels. Our study reveals the importance of prior natural products toxicity evaluation on normal cells to anticipate their limits and benefits as potential anticancer drugs.
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11
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Sialic Acid-Siglec Axis in Human Immune Regulation, Involvement in Autoimmunity and Cancer and Potential Therapeutic Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115774. [PMID: 34071314 PMCID: PMC8198044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Siglecs are sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins. Most Siglecs function as transmembrane receptors mainly expressed on blood cells in a cell type-specific manner. They recognize and bind sialic acids in specific linkages on glycoproteins and glycolipids. Since Sia is a self-molecule, Siglecs play a role in innate immune responses by distinguishing molecules as self or non-self. Increasing evidence supports the involvement of Siglecs in immune signaling representing immune checkpoints able to regulate immune responses in inflammatory diseases as well as cancer. Although further studies are necessary to fully understand the involvement of Siglecs in pathological conditions as well as their interactions with other immune regulators, the development of therapeutic approaches that exploit these molecules represents a tremendous opportunity for future treatments of several human diseases, as demonstrated by their application in several clinical trials. In the present review, we discuss the involvement of Siglecs in the regulation of immune responses, with particular focus on autoimmunity and cancer and the chance to target the sialic acid-Siglec axis as novel treatment strategy.
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12
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Büll C, Nason R, Sun L, Van Coillie J, Madriz Sørensen D, Moons SJ, Yang Z, Arbitman S, Fernandes SM, Furukawa S, McBride R, Nycholat CM, Adema GJ, Paulson JC, Schnaar RL, Boltje TJ, Clausen H, Narimatsu Y. Probing the binding specificities of human Siglecs by cell-based glycan arrays. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2026102118. [PMID: 33893239 PMCID: PMC8092401 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026102118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Siglecs are a family of sialic acid-binding receptors expressed by cells of the immune system and a few other cell types capable of modulating immune cell functions upon recognition of sialoglycan ligands. While human Siglecs primarily bind to sialic acid residues on diverse types of glycoproteins and glycolipids that constitute the sialome, their fine binding specificities for elaborated complex glycan structures and the contribution of the glycoconjugate and protein context for recognition of sialoglycans at the cell surface are not fully elucidated. Here, we generated a library of isogenic human HEK293 cells with combinatorial loss/gain of individual sialyltransferase genes and the introduction of sulfotransferases for display of the human sialome and to dissect Siglec interactions in the natural context of glycoconjugates at the cell surface. We found that Siglec-4/7/15 all have distinct binding preferences for sialylated GalNAc-type O-glycans but exhibit selectivity for patterns of O-glycans as presented on distinct protein sequences. We discovered that the sulfotransferase CHST1 drives sialoglycan binding of Siglec-3/8/7/15 and that sulfation can impact the preferences for binding to O-glycan patterns. In particular, the branched Neu5Acα2-3(6-O-sulfo)Galβ1-4GlcNAc (6'-Su-SLacNAc) epitope was discovered as the binding epitope for Siglec-3 (CD33) implicated in late-onset Alzheimer's disease. The cell-based display of the human sialome provides a versatile discovery platform that enables dissection of the genetic and biosynthetic basis for the Siglec glycan interactome and other sialic acid-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Büll
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Nason
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lingbo Sun
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julie Van Coillie
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Madriz Sørensen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sam J Moons
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Zhang Yang
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steven Arbitman
- Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Steve M Fernandes
- Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Sanae Furukawa
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ryan McBride
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Corwin M Nycholat
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Gosse J Adema
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - James C Paulson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Ronald L Schnaar
- Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- GlycoDisplay ApS, Copenhagen, 2100 N, Denmark
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13
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Cognasse F, Hally K, Fauteux-Daniel S, Eyraud MA, Arthaud CA, Fagan J, Mismetti P, Hamzeh-Cognasse H, Laradi S, Garraud O, Larsen P. Effects and Side Effects of Platelet Transfusion. Hamostaseologie 2021; 41:128-135. [PMID: 33711849 DOI: 10.1055/a-1347-6551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aside from their canonical role in hemostasis, it is increasingly recognized that platelets have inflammatory functions and can regulate both adaptive and innate immune responses. The main topic this review aims to cover is the proinflammatory effects and side effects of platelet transfusion. Platelets prepared for transfusion are subject to stress injury upon collection, preparation, and storage. With these types of stress, they undergo morphologic, metabolic, and functional modulations which are likely to induce platelet activation and the release of biological response modifiers (BRMs). As a consequence, platelet concentrates (PCs) accumulate BRMs during processing and storage, and these BRMs are ultimately transfused alongside platelets. It has been shown that BRMs present in PCs can induce immune responses and posttransfusion reactions in the transfusion recipient. Several recent reports within the transfusion literature have investigated the concept of platelets as immune cells. Nevertheless, current and future investigations will face the challenge of encompassing the immunological role of platelets in the scope of transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Cognasse
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France.,SAINBIOSE, INSERM U1059, University of Lyon, Université Jean-Monnet-Saint-Etienne, France, France
| | - Kathryn Hally
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.,Wellington Cardiovascular Research Group, Wellington, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sebastien Fauteux-Daniel
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France.,SAINBIOSE, INSERM U1059, University of Lyon, Université Jean-Monnet-Saint-Etienne, France, France
| | - Marie-Ange Eyraud
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France.,SAINBIOSE, INSERM U1059, University of Lyon, Université Jean-Monnet-Saint-Etienne, France, France
| | - Charles-Antoine Arthaud
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France.,SAINBIOSE, INSERM U1059, University of Lyon, Université Jean-Monnet-Saint-Etienne, France, France
| | - Jocelyne Fagan
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France.,SAINBIOSE, INSERM U1059, University of Lyon, Université Jean-Monnet-Saint-Etienne, France, France
| | - Patrick Mismetti
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM U1059, University of Lyon, Université Jean-Monnet-Saint-Etienne, France, France
| | - Hind Hamzeh-Cognasse
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM U1059, University of Lyon, Université Jean-Monnet-Saint-Etienne, France, France
| | - Sandrine Laradi
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Étienne, France.,SAINBIOSE, INSERM U1059, University of Lyon, Université Jean-Monnet-Saint-Etienne, France, France
| | - Olivier Garraud
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM U1059, University of Lyon, Université Jean-Monnet-Saint-Etienne, France, France
| | - Peter Larsen
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.,Wellington Cardiovascular Research Group, Wellington, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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14
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Functions and therapeutic targets of Siglec-mediated infections, inflammations and cancers. J Formos Med Assoc 2021; 120:5-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2019.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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15
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Gray MA, Stanczak MA, Mantuano NR, Xiao H, Pijnenborg JFA, Malaker SA, Miller CL, Weidenbacher PA, Tanzo JT, Ahn G, Woods EC, Läubli H, Bertozzi CR. Targeted glycan degradation potentiates the anticancer immune response in vivo. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:1376-1384. [PMID: 32807964 PMCID: PMC7727925 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-0622-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Currently approved immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies targeting the PD-1 and CTLA-4 receptor pathways are powerful treatment options for certain cancers; however, most patients across cancer types still fail to respond. Consequently, there is interest in discovering and blocking alternative pathways that mediate immune suppression. One such mechanism is an upregulation of sialoglycans in malignancy, which has been recently shown to inhibit immune cell activation through multiple mechanisms and therefore represents a targetable glycoimmune checkpoint. Since these glycans are not canonically druggable, we designed an αHER2 antibody-sialidase conjugate that potently and selectively strips diverse sialoglycans from breast cancer cells. In syngeneic breast cancer models, desialylation enhanced immune cell infiltration and activation and prolonged the survival of mice, an effect that was dependent on expression of the Siglec-E checkpoint receptor found on tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells. Thus, antibody-sialidase conjugates represent a promising modality for glycoimmune checkpoint therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Allografts
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- B7-H1 Antigen/genetics
- B7-H1 Antigen/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Humans
- Hydrolysis
- Immunoconjugates/chemistry
- Immunoconjugates/metabolism
- Immunoconjugates/pharmacology
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/mortality
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neuraminidase/chemistry
- Neuraminidase/genetics
- Neuraminidase/immunology
- Polysaccharides/chemistry
- Polysaccharides/immunology
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/genetics
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- Protein Binding
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Receptor, ErbB-2/chemistry
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/immunology
- Sialic Acid Binding Immunoglobulin-like Lectins/chemistry
- Sialic Acid Binding Immunoglobulin-like Lectins/genetics
- Sialic Acid Binding Immunoglobulin-like Lectins/immunology
- Survival Analysis
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Gray
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michal A Stanczak
- Cancer Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Natália R Mantuano
- Cancer Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Stacy A Malaker
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Caitlyn L Miller
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Julia T Tanzo
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Green Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elliot C Woods
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Heinz Läubli
- Cancer Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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16
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Gautam I, Storad Z, Filipiak L, Huss C, Meikle CK, Worth RG, Wuescher LM. From Classical to Unconventional: The Immune Receptors Facilitating Platelet Responses to Infection and Inflammation. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E343. [PMID: 33092021 PMCID: PMC7589078 DOI: 10.3390/biology9100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Platelets have long been recognized for their role in maintaining the balance between hemostasis and thrombosis. While their contributions to blood clotting have been well established, it has been increasingly evident that their roles extend to both innate and adaptive immune functions during infection and inflammation. In this comprehensive review, we describe the various ways in which platelets interact with different microbes and elicit immune responses either directly, or through modulation of leukocyte behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Leah M. Wuescher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (I.G.); (Z.S.); (L.F.); (C.H.); (C.K.M.); (R.G.W.)
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17
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The Roles of Siglec7 and Siglec9 on Natural Killer Cells in Virus Infection and Tumour Progression. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:6243819. [PMID: 32322597 PMCID: PMC7165337 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6243819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of natural killer (NK) cells, defending against virus infection and tumour progression, is regulated by multiple activating and inhibiting receptors expressed on NK cells, among which sialic acid-bind immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) act as a vital inhibitory group. Previous studies have shown that Siglec7 and Siglec9 are expressed on NK cells, which negatively regulate the function of NK cells and modulate the immune response through the interaction of sialic acid-containing ligands. Siglec7 and Siglec9 are very similar in distribution, gene encoding, protein sequences, ligand affinity, and functions in regulating the immune system against virus and cancers, but differences still exist between them. In this review, we aim to discuss the similarities and differences between Siglec7 and Siglec9 and analyze their functions in virus infection and tumour progression in order to develop better anti-viral and anti-tumor immunotherapy in the future.
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18
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Huang HT, Su SC, Chiou TJ, Lin YH, Shih YC, Wu YX, Fan TH, Twu YC. DNA methylation-mediated Siglec-7 regulation in natural killer cells via two 5' promoter CpG sites. Immunology 2020; 160:38-51. [PMID: 32027025 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
First discovered on the natural killer (NK) cell, the cell surface inhibitory receptor sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin-7 (Siglec-7) is known for regulating many important biological activities. However, the detail regulatory mechanism for Siglec-7 expression in NK cells currently remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate how cell surface Siglec-7 expression is regulated and found that, in both NK cell lines and peripheral NK cells, transcription was the main regulatory step. Furthermore, when NK-92MI and peripheral NK cells were treated with DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor, the CpG island, with 9 CpG sites, in 5' Siglec-7 promoter became noticeably hypomethylated, and Siglec-7 expression increased in both RNA transcript and surface protein. Within this CpG island, we identified both CpG 8 and CpG 9 as two key regulators responsible for Siglec-7 expression. Additionally, by using histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibitor, butyric acid, we showed that Siglec-7 expression was also subjected to the histone modification. And a combined treatment with both 5-azacytidine and butyric acid showed an additive effect on Siglec-7 transcript expression in peripheral NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ting Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Su
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Tzeon-Jye Chiou
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Center, Taipei Municipal Wanfang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsi Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Shih
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Xuan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsi Fan
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Ching Twu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Activation of Siglec-7 results in inhibition of in vitro and in vivo growth of human mast cell leukemia cells. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104682. [PMID: 32035162 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Advanced systemic mastocytosis is a rare and still untreatable disease. Blocking antibodies against inhibitory receptors, also known as "immune checkpoints", have revolutionized anti-cancer treatment. Inhibitory receptors are expressed not only on normal immune cells, including mast cells but also on neoplastic cells. Whether activation of inhibitory receptors through monoclonal antibodies can lead to tumor growth inhibition remains mostly unknown. Here we show that the inhibitory receptor Siglec-7 is expressed by primary neoplastic mast cells in patients with systemic mastocytosis and by mast cell leukemia cell lines. Activation of Siglec-7 by anti-Siglec-7 monoclonal antibody caused phosphorylation of Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1), reduced phosphorylation of KIT and induced growth inhibition in mast cell lines. In SCID-beige mice injected with either the human mast cell line HMC-1.1 and HMC-1.2 or with Siglec-7 transduced B cell lymphoma cells, anti-Siglec-7 monoclonal antibody reduced tumor growth by a mechanism involving Siglec-7 cytoplasmic domains in "preventive" and "treatment" settings. These data demonstrate that activation of Siglec-7 on mast cell lines can inhibit their growth in vitro and in vivo. This might pave the way to additional treatment strategies for mastocytosis.
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20
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Sasaki N, Toyoda M. Vascular Diseases and Gangliosides. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246362. [PMID: 31861196 PMCID: PMC6941100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction, are most commonly caused by atherosclerosis, one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Risk factors for atherosclerosis include lifestyle and aging. It has been reported that lifespan could be extended in mice by targeting senescent cells, which led to the suppression of aging-related diseases, such as vascular diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the contribution of aging to vascular diseases are still not well understood. Several types of cells, such as vascular (endothelial cell), vascular-associated (smooth muscle cell and fibroblast) and inflammatory cells, are involved in plaque formation, plaque rupture and thrombus formation, which result in atherosclerosis. Gangliosides, a group of glycosphingolipids, are expressed on the surface of vascular, vascular-associated and inflammatory cells, where they play functional roles. Clarifying the role of gangliosides in atherosclerosis and their relationship with aging is fundamental to develop novel prevention and treatment methods for vascular diseases based on targeting gangliosides. In this review, we highlight the involvement and possible contribution of gangliosides to vascular diseases and further discuss their relationship with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiko Sasaki
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (M.T.); Tel.: +81-3-3964-3241 (N.S.); +81-3-3964-4421 (M.T.)
| | - Masashi Toyoda
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (M.T.); Tel.: +81-3-3964-3241 (N.S.); +81-3-3964-4421 (M.T.)
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21
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Suematsu R, Miyamoto T, Saijo S, Yamasaki S, Tada Y, Yoshida H, Miyake Y. Identification of lipophilic ligands of Siglec5 and -14 that modulate innate immune responses. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:16776-16788. [PMID: 31551352 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are a family of cell-surface immune receptors that bind to sialic acid at terminal glycan residues. Siglecs also recognize nonsialic acid ligands, many of which remain to be characterized. Here, we found that Siglec5 and Siglec14 recognize lipid compounds produced by Trichophyton, a fungal genus containing several pathogenic species. Biochemical approaches revealed that the Siglec ligands are fungal alkanes and triacylglycerols, an unexpected finding that prompted us to search for endogenous lipid ligands of Siglecs. Siglec5 weakly recognized several endogenous lipids, but the mitochondrial lipid cardiolipin and the anti-inflammatory lipid 5-palmitic acid-hydroxystearic acid exhibited potent ligand activity on Siglec5. Further, the hydrophobic stretch in the Siglec5 N terminus region was found to be required for efficient recognition of these lipids. Notably, this hydrophobic stretch was dispensable for recognition of sialic acid. Siglec5 inhibited cell activation upon ligand binding, and accordingly, the lipophilic ligands suppressed interleukin-8 (IL-8) production in Siglec5-expressing human monocytic cells. Siglec14 and Siglec5 have high sequence identity in the extracellular region, and Siglec14 also recognized the endogenous lipids. However, unlike Siglec5, Siglec14 transduces activating signals upon ligand recognition. Indeed, the endogenous lipids induced IL-8 production in Siglec14-expressing human monocytic cells. These results indicated that Siglec5 and Siglec14 can recognize lipophilic ligands that thereby modulate innate immune responses. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the binding of Siglecs to lipid ligands, expanding our understanding of the biological function and importance of Siglecs in the innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Suematsu
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Immunoscience, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Miyamoto
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shinobu Saijo
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan.,Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Tada
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yoshida
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Immunoscience, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Miyake
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Immunoscience, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
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22
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Läubli H, Borsig L. Altered Cell Adhesion and Glycosylation Promote Cancer Immune Suppression and Metastasis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2120. [PMID: 31552050 PMCID: PMC6743365 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell interactions and cell adhesion are key mediators of cancer progression and facilitate hallmarks of cancer including immune evasion and metastatic dissemination. Many cell adhesion molecules within the tumor microenvironment are changed and significant alterations of glycosylation are observed. These changes in cell adhesion molecules alter the ability of tumor cells to interact with other cells and extracellular matrix proteins. Three families of cell-cell interaction molecules selectins, Siglecs, and integrins have been associated with cancer progression in many pre-clinical studies, yet inhibition of cell adhesion as a therapeutic target is just beginning to be explored. We review how cell-cell interactions mediated by integrins and the glycan-binding receptors selectins and Siglec receptors support cancer progression. The discussion focuses on mechanisms during immune evasion and metastasis that can be therapeutically targeted by blocking these cell-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Läubli
- Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lubor Borsig
- Department of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Zurich, Switzerland
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23
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Kerrigan SW, Devine T, Fitzpatrick G, Thachil J, Cox D. Early Host Interactions That Drive the Dysregulated Response in Sepsis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1748. [PMID: 31447831 PMCID: PMC6691039 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. While many individual cells and systems in the body are involved in driving the excessive and sometimes sustained host response, pathogen engagement with endothelial cells and platelets early in sepsis progression, are believed to be key. Significant progress has been made in establishing key molecular interactions between platelets and pathogens and endothelial cells and pathogens. This review will explore the growing number of compensatory connections between bacteria and viruses with platelets and endothelial cells and how a better understanding of these interactions are informing the field of potential novel ways to treat the dysregulated host response during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W Kerrigan
- Cardiovascular Infection Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tatyana Devine
- Cardiovascular Infection Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Glenn Fitzpatrick
- Cardiovascular Infection Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jecko Thachil
- Department of Haematology, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Dermot Cox
- Cardiovascular Infection Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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24
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Dual actions of group B Streptococcus capsular sialic acid provide resistance to platelet-mediated antimicrobial killing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:7465-7470. [PMID: 30910970 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1815572116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating platelets have important functions in thrombosis and in modulating immune and inflammatory responses. However, the role of platelets in innate immunity to bacterial infection is largely unexplored. While human platelets rapidly kill Staphylococcus aureus, we found the neonatal pathogen group B Streptococcus (GBS) to be remarkably resistant to platelet killing. GBS possesses a capsule polysaccharide (CPS) with terminal α2,3-linked sialic acid (Sia) residues that mimic a common epitope present on the human cell surface glycocalyx. A GBS mutant deficient in CPS Sia was more efficiently killed by human platelets, thrombin-activated platelet releasate, and synthetic platelet-associated antimicrobial peptides. GBS Sia is known to bind inhibitory Sia-recognizing Ig superfamily lectins (Siglecs) to block neutrophil and macrophage activation. We show that human platelets also express high levels of inhibitory Siglec-9 on their surface, and that GBS can engage this receptor in a Sia-dependent manner to suppress platelet activation. In a mouse i.v. infection model, antibody-mediated platelet depletion increased susceptibility to platelet-sensitive S. aureus but did not alter susceptibility to platelet-resistant GBS. Elimination of murine inhibitory Siglec-E partially reversed platelet suppression in response to GBS infection. We conclude that GBS Sia has dual roles in counteracting platelet antimicrobial immunity: conferring intrinsic resistance to platelet-derived antimicrobial components and inhibiting platelet activation through engagement of inhibitory Siglecs. We report a bacterial virulence factor for evasion of platelet-mediated innate immunity.
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25
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Angata T. Possible Influences of Endogenous and Exogenous Ligands on the Evolution of Human Siglecs. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2885. [PMID: 30564250 PMCID: PMC6288428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids, a group of acidic sugars abundantly expressed in the tissues of deuterostome animals but rarely found in microbes, serve as a "signature of self" for these animals. Cognate sensors for sialic acids include Siglecs, a family of transmembrane lectins of vertebrate immune systems that recognize glycans containing sialic acids. A type of sialic acid called N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is abundant in many mammalian lineages including great apes, the closest extant relatives of modern human, but was lost in the lineage leading to modern human via the pseudogenization of the CMAH gene encoding the enzyme that converts N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) to Neu5Gc. Loss of Neu5Gc appears to have influenced the evolution of human Siglecs, such as the adjustment of sialic acid binding preferences and the inactivation of at least one Siglec. In addition, various mechanistic studies using model systems and genetic association studies have revealed that some human Siglecs interact with pathogens and influence the outcome of infections, and these pathogens in turn likely influence the evolution of these Siglecs. By understanding the evolutionary forces affecting Siglecs, we shall achieve a better appreciation of Siglec functions, and by understanding Siglec functions, we can obtain deeper insight into the evolutionary processes driving Siglec evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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26
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Tariket S, Guerrero JA, Garraud O, Ghevaert C, Cognasse F. Platelet α-granules modulate the inflammatory response under systemic lipopolysaccharide injection in mice. Transfusion 2018; 59:32-38. [PMID: 30394544 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beyond their role in hemostasis and thrombosis, platelets are also important mediators of inflammation by the release of hundreds of factors stored in their α-granules. Mutations in Nbeal2 cause gray platelet syndrome (GPS), characterized by the lack of platelet α-granules. This study aims to evaluate the immunological (proinflammatory) effects of platelet α-granules. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We performed an experiment using Nbeal2-/- mice, the mouse model of GPS. Systemic inflammation was induced by intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Inflammatory response was assessed by quantification of inflammatory soluble factors and platelet biological response modifiers. RESULTS The lack of Nbeal2 (in Nbeal2 -/- mice, compared with controls) significantly reduced the recruitment of circulating neutrophils and monocytes. Moreover, after LPS injection, there was a significant increase in neutrophil and monocyte counts in control animals, compared with Nbeal2 -/- mice. The control of inflammation, evaluated by the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, appeared to be greater in Nbeal2-/- mice compared with controls. Conversely, the production of certain inflammatory-soluble mediators known to characterize normal platelet secretion, such as soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), was decreased under experimental inflammation in Nbeal2 -/- mice. CONCLUSIONS These results show that α-granules play a direct role in platelet-mediated inflammation balance, confirming the need to further investigate platelet-associated inflammatory pathophysiology and inflammatory adverse events related to blood transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiane Tariket
- Université de Lyon, Groupe sur l'Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP)-EA3064, Saint-Etienne, France.,Établissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jose A Guerrero
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier Garraud
- Université de Lyon, Groupe sur l'Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP)-EA3064, Saint-Etienne, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
| | - Cedric Ghevaert
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fabrice Cognasse
- Université de Lyon, Groupe sur l'Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP)-EA3064, Saint-Etienne, France.,Établissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Etienne, France
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27
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Desialylation of Platelets by Pneumococcal Neuraminidase A Induces ADP-Dependent Platelet Hyperreactivity. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00213-18. [PMID: 30037798 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00213-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are increasingly recognized to play a role in the complications of Streptococcus pneumoniae infections. S. pneumoniae expresses neuraminidases, which may alter glycans on the platelet surface. In the present study, we investigated the capability of pneumococcal neuraminidase A (NanA) to remove sialic acid (desialylation) from the platelet surface, the consequences for the platelet activation status and reactivity, and the ability of neuraminidase inhibitors to prevent these effects. Our results show that soluble NanA induces platelet desialylation. Whereas desialylation itself did not induce platelet activation (P-selectin expression and platelet fibrinogen binding), platelets became hyperreactive to ex vivo stimulation by ADP and cross-linked collagen-related peptide (CRP-XL). Platelet aggregation with leukocytes also increased. These processes were dependent on the ADP pathway, as inhibitors of the pathway (apyrase and ticagrelor) abrogated platelet hyperreactivity. Inhibition of NanA-induced platelet desialylation by neuraminidase inhibitors (e.g., oseltamivir acid) also prevented the platelet effects of NanA. Collectively, our findings show that soluble NanA can desialylate platelets, leading to platelet hyperreactivity, which can be prevented by neuraminidase inhibitors.
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28
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Carroll DJ, O'Sullivan JA, Nix DB, Cao Y, Tiemeyer M, Bochner BS. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 8 (Siglec-8) is an activating receptor mediating β 2-integrin-dependent function in human eosinophils. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 141:2196-2207. [PMID: 28888781 PMCID: PMC5839929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Siglec-8 is a CD33 subfamily cell-surface receptor selectively expressed on human eosinophils. After cytokine priming, Siglec-8 mAb or glycan ligand binding causes eosinophil apoptosis associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Most CD33-related Siglecs function as inhibitory receptors, but the ability of Siglec-8 to stimulate eosinophil ROS production and apoptosis suggests that Siglec-8 might instead function as an activating receptor. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the role of IL-5 priming and identify the signaling molecules involved in Siglec-8 function for human eosinophils. METHODS We used an mAb and/or a multimeric synthetic sulfated sialoglycan ligand recognizing Siglec-8 in combination with integrin blocking antibodies, pharmacologic inhibitors, phosphoproteomics, and Western blot analysis to define the necessity of various proteins involved in Siglec-8 function for human eosinophils. RESULTS Cytokine priming was required to elicit the unanticipated finding that Siglec-8 engagement promotes rapid β2-integrin-dependent eosinophil adhesion. Also novel was the finding that this adhesion was necessary for subsequent ROS production and apoptosis. Siglec-8-mediated ROS was generated through reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activation because pretreatment of eosinophils with catalase (an extracellular superoxide scavenger) or NSC 23766 (a Rac GTPase inhibitor) completely inhibited Siglec-8-mediated eosinophil apoptosis. Finally, engagement of Siglec-8 on IL-5-primed eosinophils resulted in increased phosphorylation of Akt, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 that was also β2-integrin dependent; pharmacologic inhibition of these kinases completely prevented Siglec-8-mediated eosinophil apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that Siglec-8 functions uniquely as an activating receptor on IL-5-primed eosinophils through a novel pathway involving regulation of β2-integrin-dependent adhesion, NADPH oxidase, and a subset of protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela J Carroll
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Jeremy A O'Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - David B Nix
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga
| | - Yun Cao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Michael Tiemeyer
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga
| | - Bruce S Bochner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
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29
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Liu YC, Yu MM, Chai YF, Shou ST. Sialic Acids in the Immune Response during Sepsis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1601. [PMID: 29209331 PMCID: PMC5702289 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs) are a group of cell surface transmembrane receptors expressed on immune cells, and regulate immune balance in inflammatory diseases. Sepsis is a life-threatened inflammatory syndrome induced by infection, and the pathogenesis of sepsis includes immune dysregulation, inflammation, and coagulation disorder. Here, we reviewed the various roles acted by Siglecs family in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Siglec-1, Siglec-5, and Siglec-14 play bidirectional roles through modulation of inflammation and immunity. Siglec-2 regulates the immune balance during infection by modulating B cell and T cell response. Siglec-9 helps endocytosis of toll-like receptor 4, regulates macrophages polarization, and inhibits the function of neutrophils during infection. Siglec-10 inhibits danger-associated molecular patterns induced inflammation, helps the initiation of antigen response by T cells, and decreases B-1a cell population to weaken inflammation. Regulating the Siglecs function in the different stages of sepsis holds great potential in the therapy of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Cun Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mu-Ming Yu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Fen Chai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Song-Tao Shou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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30
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Acetylsalicylic acid differentially limits the activation and expression of cell death markers in human platelets exposed to Staphylococcus aureus strains. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5610. [PMID: 28717145 PMCID: PMC5514152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond their hemostatic functions, platelets alter their inflammatory response according to the bacterial stimulus. Staphylococcus aureus is associated with exacerbated inflammation and thrombocytopenia, which is associated with poor prognosis during sepsis. Acetylsalicylic acid and statins prevent platelet aggregation and decrease the mortality rate during sepsis. Therefore, we assessed whether these two molecules could reduce in vitro platelet activation and the inflammatory response to S. aureus. Platelets were exposed to clinical strains of S. aureus in the presence or absence of acetylsalicylic acid or fluvastatin. Platelet activation, aggregation, and release of soluble sCD62P, sCD40 Ligand, RANTES and GROα were assessed. Platelet cell death was evaluated by analyzing the mitochondrial membrane potential, phosphatidylserine exposure, platelet microparticle release and caspase-3 activation. All S. aureus strains induced platelet activation but not aggregation and decreased the platelet count, the expression of cell death markers and the release of RANTES and GROα. Acetylsalicylic acid but not fluvastatin limited platelet activation and inflammatory factor release and restored the platelet count by protecting platelets from Staphylococcus-induced expression of cell death markers. This study demonstrates that acetylsalicylic acid limits S. aureus-induced effects on platelets by reducing cell death, revealing new strategies to reduce the platelet contribution to bacteremia-associated inflammation.
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31
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Cognasse F, Garraud O, Marotte H. Unlike tocilizumab, etanercept slightly increases experimental thrombin-induced aggregation in healthy individuals. Joint Bone Spine 2017; 84:373-375. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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32
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Prescher H, Frank M, Gütgemann S, Kuhfeldt E, Schweizer A, Nitschke L, Watzl C, Brossmer R. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Small, High-Affinity Siglec-7 Ligands: Toward Novel Inhibitors of Cancer Immune Evasion. J Med Chem 2017; 60:941-956. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Frank
- Molecular
Structure Analysis Core Facility-W160, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Astrid Schweizer
- Division
of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lars Nitschke
- Division
of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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33
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Abstract
A goal of platelet storage is to maintain the quality of platelets from the point of donation to the point of transfusion - to suspend the aging process. This effort is judged by clinical and laboratory measures with varying degrees of success. Recent work gives encouragement that platelets can be maintained ex vivo beyond the current 5 -7 day shelf life whilst maintaining their quality, as measured by posttransfusion recovery and survival. However, additional measures are needed to validate the development of technologies that may further reduce the aging of stored platelets, or enhance their hemostatic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Smethurst
- a Components Development Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK, and Department of Haematology , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
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34
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Prescher H, Gütgemann S, Frank M, Kuhfeldt E, Watzl C, Brossmer R. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 9- N -oxamyl sialosides as Siglec-7 ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:5915-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cognasse F, Nguyen KA, Damien P, McNicol A, Pozzetto B, Hamzeh-Cognasse H, Garraud O. The Inflammatory Role of Platelets via Their TLRs and Siglec Receptors. Front Immunol 2015; 6:83. [PMID: 25784910 PMCID: PMC4345914 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are non-nucleated cells that play central roles in the processes of hemostasis, innate immunity, and inflammation; however, several reports show that these distinct functions are more closely linked than initially thought. Platelets express numerous receptors and contain hundreds of secretory products. These receptors and secretory products are instrumental to the platelet functional responses. The capacity of platelets to secrete copious amounts of cytokines, chemokines, and related molecules appears intimately related to the role of the platelet in inflammation. Platelets exhibit non-self-infectious danger detection molecules on their surfaces, including those belonging to the “toll-like receptor” family, as well as pathogen sensors of other natures (Ig- or complement receptors, etc.). These receptors permit platelets to both bind infectious agents and deliver differential signals leading to the secretion of cytokines/chemokines, under the control of specific intracellular regulatory pathways. In contrast, dysfunctional receptors or dysregulation of the intracellular pathway may increase the susceptibility to pathological inflammation. Physiological vs. pathological inflammation is tightly controlled by the sensors of danger expressed in resting, as well as in activated, platelets. These sensors, referred to as pathogen recognition receptors, primarily sense danger signals termed pathogen associated molecular patterns. As platelets are found in inflamed tissues and are involved in auto-immune disorders, it is possible that they can also be stimulated by internal pathogens. In such cases, platelets can also sense danger signals using damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Some of the most significant DAMP family members are the alarmins, to which the Siglec family of molecules belongs. This review examines the role of platelets in anti-infection immunity via their TLRs and Siglec receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Cognasse
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Loire , Saint-Etienne , France ; GIMAP-EA3064, Université de Lyon , Saint Etienne , France
| | - Kim Anh Nguyen
- GIMAP-EA3064, Université de Lyon , Saint Etienne , France
| | - Pauline Damien
- GIMAP-EA3064, Université de Lyon , Saint Etienne , France
| | - Archibald McNicol
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Colleges of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB , Canada
| | - Bruno Pozzetto
- GIMAP-EA3064, Université de Lyon , Saint Etienne , France
| | | | - Olivier Garraud
- GIMAP-EA3064, Université de Lyon , Saint Etienne , France ; Institut National de Transfusion Sanguine (INTS) , Paris , France
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Hamzeh-Cognasse H, Damien P, Chabert A, Pozzetto B, Cognasse F, Garraud O. Platelets and infections - complex interactions with bacteria. Front Immunol 2015; 6:82. [PMID: 25767472 PMCID: PMC4341565 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets can be considered sentinels of vascular system due to their high number in the circulation and to the range of functional immunoreceptors they express. Platelets express a wide range of potential bacterial receptors, including complement receptors, FcγRII, Toll-like receptors but also integrins conventionally described in the hemostatic response, such as GPIIb–IIIa or GPIb. Bacteria bind these receptors either directly, or indirectly via fibrinogen, fibronectin, the first complement C1q, the von Willebrand Factor, etc. The fate of platelet-bound bacteria is questioned. Several studies reported the ability of activated platelets to internalize bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus or Porphyromonas gingivalis, though there is no clue on what happens thereafter. Are they sheltered from the immune system in the cytoplasm of platelets or are they lysed? Indeed, while the presence of phagolysosome has not been demonstrated in platelets, they contain antimicrobial peptides that were shown to be efficient on S. aureus. Besides, the fact that bacteria can bind to platelets via receptors involved in hemostasis suggests that they may induce aggregation; this has indeed been described for Streptococcus sanguinis, S. epidermidis, or C. pneumoniae. On the other hand, platelets are able to display an inflammatory response to an infectious triggering. We, and others, have shown that platelet release soluble immunomodulatory factors upon stimulation by bacterial components. Moreover, interactions between bacteria and platelets are not limited to only these two partners. Indeed, platelets are also essential for the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps by neutrophils, resulting in bacterial clearance by trapping bacteria and concentrating antibacterial factors but in enhancing thrombosis. In conclusion, the platelet–bacteria interplay is a complex game; its fine analysis is complicated by the fact that the inflammatory component adds to the aggregation response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pauline Damien
- GIMAP-EA3064, Université de Lyon , Saint-Etienne , France
| | - Adrien Chabert
- GIMAP-EA3064, Université de Lyon , Saint-Etienne , France
| | - Bruno Pozzetto
- GIMAP-EA3064, Université de Lyon , Saint-Etienne , France
| | - Fabrice Cognasse
- GIMAP-EA3064, Université de Lyon , Saint-Etienne , France ; Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Loire , Saint-Etienne , France
| | - Olivier Garraud
- GIMAP-EA3064, Université de Lyon , Saint-Etienne , France ; Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine , Paris , France
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Garraud O, Cognasse F. Are Platelets Cells? And if Yes, are They Immune Cells? Front Immunol 2015; 6:70. [PMID: 25750642 PMCID: PMC4335469 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small fragments circulating in the blood were formally identified by the end of the nineteenth century, and it was suggested that they assisted coagulation via interactions with vessel endothelia. Wright, at the beginning of the twentieth century, identified their bone-marrow origin. For long, platelets have been considered sticky assistants of hemostasis and pollutants of blood or tissue samples; they were just cell fragments. As such, however, they were acknowledged as immunizing (to specific HPA and HLA markers): the platelet’s dark face. The enlightened face showed that besides hemostasis, platelets contained factors involved in healing. As early as 1930s, platelets entered the arsenal of medicines were transfused, and were soon manipulated to become a kind of glue to repair damaged tissues. Some gladly categorized platelets as cells but they were certainly not fully licensed as such for cell physiologists. Actually, platelets possess almost every characteristic of cells, apart from being capable of organizing their genes: they have neither a nucleus nor genes. This view prevailed until it became evident that platelets play a role in homeostasis and interact with cells other than with vascular endothelial cells; then began the era of physiological and also pathological inflammation. Platelets have now entered the field of immunity as inflammatory cells. Does assistance to immune cells itself suffice to license a cell as an “immune cell”? Platelets prove capable of sensing different types of signals and organizing an appropriate response. Many cells can do that. However, platelets can use a complete signalosome (apart from the last transcription step, though it is likely that this step can be circumvented by retrotranscribing RNA messages). The question has also arisen as to whether platelets can present antigen via their abundantly expressed MHC class I molecules. In combination, these properties argue in favor of allowing platelets the title of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Garraud
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine , Paris , France ; EA3064, Université de Lyon , Saint-Etienne , France
| | - Fabrice Cognasse
- EA3064, Université de Lyon , Saint-Etienne , France ; Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Loire , Saint-Etienne , France
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