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Boylin K, Aquino GV, Purdon M, Abedi K, Kasendra M, Barrile R. Basic models to advanced systems: harnessing the power of organoids-based microphysiological models of the human brain. Biofabrication 2024; 16:032007. [PMID: 38749420 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad4c08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the complexities of the human brain's function in health and disease is a formidable challenge in neuroscience. While traditional models like animals offer valuable insights, they often fall short in accurately mirroring human biology and drug responses. Moreover, recent legislation has underscored the need for more predictive models that more accurately represent human physiology. To address this requirement, human-derived cell cultures have emerged as a crucial alternative for biomedical research. However, traditional static cell culture models lack the dynamic tissue microenvironment that governs human tissue function. Advancedin vitrosystems, such as organoids and microphysiological systems (MPSs), bridge this gap by offering more accurate representations of human biology. Organoids, which are three-dimensional miniaturized organ-like structures derived from stem cells, exhibit physiological responses akin to native tissues, but lack essential tissue-specific components such as functional vascular structures and immune cells. Recent endeavors have focused on incorporating endothelial cells and immune cells into organoids to enhance vascularization, maturation, and disease modeling. MPS, including organ-on-chip technologies, integrate diverse cell types and vascularization under dynamic culture conditions, revolutionizing brain research by bridging the gap betweenin vitroandin vivomodels. In this review, we delve into the evolution of MPS, with a particular focus on highlighting the significance of vascularization in enhancing the viability, functionality, and disease modeling potential of organoids. By examining the interplay of vasculature and neuronal cells within organoids, we can uncover novel therapeutic targets and gain valuable insights into disease mechanisms, offering the promise of significant advancements in neuroscience and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Boylin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Center for Stem Cells and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Grace V Aquino
- Center for Stem Cells and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Michael Purdon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Center for Stem Cells and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Kimia Abedi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Center for Stem Cells and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Magdalena Kasendra
- Center for Stem Cells and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Riccardo Barrile
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Center for Stem Cells and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
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2
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Basabrain MS, Zhong J, Liu J, Zhang Y, Abdalla MM, Zhang C. Interactions of Neuronally Induced Stem Cells from Apical Papilla Spheres, Stems Cells from Apical Papilla, and Human Umbilical Vascular Endothelial Cells on Vasculogenesis and Neurogenesis. J Endod 2024; 50:64-73.e4. [PMID: 37866800 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stem cell-based dental pulp regeneration has been extensively studied, mainly focusing on exploiting dental stem cells' osteogenic and angiogenic potentials. Dental stem cells' neurogenic role is often overlooked. Stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs), originating from the neural crest and capable of sphere formation, display potent neurogenic capacity. This study aimed to investigate the interactions of neuronally induced stem cells from apical papilla (iSCAP) spheres, SCAPs, and human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) on vasculogenesis and neurogenesis. METHODS SCAPs were isolated and characterized using flow cytometry and multilineage differentiation assays. SCAP monolayer culture and spheres were neuronally induced by a small molecule neural induction medium, and the neural gene expression and neurite formation at days 0, 3, and 7 were evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and using phase-contrast light and fluorescence microscopy. Direct coculture or pulp-on-chip was used to investigate iSCAP sphere interaction with SCAPs and HUVECs. RT-qPCR, fluorescence microscopy, and immunostaining with β-tubulin III, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and CD31 were used to study neural gene expression, neurite formation, and neurovascular cell interactions. RESULTS Neural induction medium with small molecules rapidly induced SCAP differentiation toward neural-like cells. Gene expression of Nestin, β-tubulin III, microtubule-associated protein 2, neuron-specific enolase, and NeuN was higher in iSCAP spheres than in iSCAPs. iSCAP spheres formed more and longer neurites compared with iSCAPs. iSCAP sphere, HUVEC, and SCAP direct coculture significantly enhanced vessel formation along with up-regulated VEGF (P < .001) and multiple neural markers, such as Nestin (P < .01), microtubule-associated protein 2 (P < .001), S100 (P < .001), and NG2 (P < .001). iSCAP spheres, SCAPs, and HUVECs cultured in a pulp-on-chip system promoted endothelial and neural cell migration toward each other and alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive and CD31-positive cells assembling for the vascular constitution. CONCLUSIONS iSCAP-formed spheres interact with SCAPs and HUVECs, promoting vasculogenesis and neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Basabrain
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China; Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jialin Zhong
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Junqing Liu
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud Abdalla
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China; Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Medicine Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.
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Oz T, Kaushik A, Kujawska M. Neural stem cells for Parkinson’s disease management: Challenges, nanobased support, and prospects. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:687-700. [PMID: 37545757 PMCID: PMC10401423 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i7.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), characterized by loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, is one of the most predominant neurodegenerative diseases affecting the elderly population worldwide. The concept of stem cell therapy in managing neurodegenerative diseases has evolved over the years and has recently rapidly progressed. Neural stem cells (NSCs) have a few key features, including self-renewal, proliferation, and multipotency, which make them a promising agent targeting neurodegeneration. It is generally agreed that challenges for NSC-based therapy are present at every stage of the transplantation process, including preoperative cell preparation and quality control, perioperative procedures, and postoperative graft preservation, adherence, and overall therapy success. In this review, we provided a comprehensive, careful, and critical discussion of experimental and clinical data alongside the pros and cons of NSC-based therapy in PD. Given the state-of-the-art accomplishments of stem cell therapy, gene therapy, and nanotechnology, we shed light on the perspective of complementing the advantages of each process by developing nano-stem cell therapy, which is currently a research hotspot. Although various obstacles and challenges remain, nano-stem cell therapy holds promise to cure PD, however, continuous improvement and development from the stage of laboratory experiments to the clinical application are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Oz
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-631, Poland
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health System Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805, United States
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Małgorzata Kujawska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-631, Poland
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Winkelman MA, Dai G. Bioengineered perfused human brain microvascular networks enhance neural progenitor cell survival, neurogenesis, and maturation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eaaz9499. [PMID: 37163593 PMCID: PMC10171804 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz9499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) have the capability to self-renew and differentiate into neurons and glial cells. In the adult brain, NPCs are found near brain microvascular networks (BMVNs) in specialized microenvironments called the neurovascular niche (NVN). Although several in vitro NVN models have been previously reported, most do not properly recapitulate the intimate cellular interactions between NPCs and perfused brain microvessels. Here, we developed perfused BMVNs composed of primary human brain endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes within microfluidic devices. When induced pluripotent stem cell-derived NPCs were introduced into BMVNs, we found that NPC survival, neurogenesis, and maturation were enhanced. The application of flow during BMVN coculture was also beneficial for neuron differentiation. Collectively, our work highlighted the important role of BMVNs and flow in NPC self-renewal and neurogenesis, as well as demonstrated our model's potential to study the biological and physical interactions of human NVN in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max A. Winkelman
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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5
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Akindona FA, Frederico SC, Hancock JC, Gilbert MR. Exploring the origin of the cancer stem cell niche and its role in anti-angiogenic treatment for glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:947634. [PMID: 36091174 PMCID: PMC9454306 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.947634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are thought to be the main drivers of tumorigenesis for malignancies such as glioblastoma (GBM). They are maintained through a close relationship with the tumor vasculature. Previous literature has well-characterized the components and signaling pathways for maintenance of this stem cell niche, but details on how the niche initially forms are limited. This review discusses development of the nonmalignant neural and hematopoietic stem cell niches in order to draw important parallels to the malignant environment. We then discuss what is known about the cancer stem cell niche, its relationship with angiogenesis, and provide a hypothesis for its development in GBM. A better understanding of the mechanisms of development of the tumor stem cell niche may provide new insights to potentially therapeutically exploit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funto A. Akindona
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Stephen C. Frederico
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - John C. Hancock
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R. Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Mark R. Gilbert,
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6
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Malheiro A, Seijas-Gamardo A, Harichandan A, Mota C, Wieringa P, Moroni L. Development of an In Vitro Biomimetic Peripheral Neurovascular Platform. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:31567-31585. [PMID: 35815638 PMCID: PMC9305708 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nerves and blood vessels are present in most organs and are indispensable for their function and homeostasis. Within these organs, neurovascular (NV) tissue forms congruent patterns and establishes vital interactions. Several human pathologies, including diabetes type II, produce NV disruptions with serious consequences that are complicated to study using animal models. Complex in vitro organ platforms, with neural and vascular supply, allow the investigation of such interactions, whether in a normal or pathological context, in an affordable, simple, and direct manner. To date, a few in vitro models contain NV tissue, and most strategies report models with nonbiomimetic representations of the native environment. To this end, we have established here an NV platform that contains mature vasculature and neural tissue, composed of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs), induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs)-derived sensory neurons, and primary rat Schwann cells (SCs) within a fibrin-embedded polymeric scaffold. First, we show that SCs can induce the formation of and stabilize vascular networks to the same degree as the traditional and more thoroughly studied human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). We also show that through SC prepatterning, we are able to control vessel orientation. Using our NV platform, we demonstrate the concomitant formation of three-dimensional neural and vascular tissue, and the influence of different medium formulations and cell types on the NV tissue outcome. Finally, we propose a protocol to form mature NV tissue, via the integration of independent neural and vascular constituents. The platform described here provides a versatile and advanced model for in vitro research of the NV axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afonso Malheiro
- Complex Tissue Regeneration
Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Adrián Seijas-Gamardo
- Complex Tissue Regeneration
Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Abhishek Harichandan
- Complex Tissue Regeneration
Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Mota
- Complex Tissue Regeneration
Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Wieringa
- Complex Tissue Regeneration
Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Complex Tissue Regeneration
Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands
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7
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Ghuman H, Perry N, Grice L, Gerwig M, Moorhead J, Nitzsche F, Poplawsky AJ, Ambrosio F, Modo M. Physical therapy exerts sub-additive and suppressive effects on intracerebral neural stem cell implantation in a rat model of stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:826-843. [PMID: 34826373 PMCID: PMC9254031 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211062955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral cell therapy (CT) is emerging as a new therapeutic paradigm for stroke. However, the impact of physical therapy (PT) on implanted cells and their ability to promote recovery remains poorly understood. To address this translational issue, a clinical-grade neural stem cell (NSC) line was implanted into peri-infarct tissue using MRI-defined injection sites, two weeks after stroke. PT in the form of aerobic exercise (AE) was administered 5 × per week post-implantation using a paradigm commonly applied in patients with stroke. A combined AE and CT exerted sub-additive therapeutic effects on sensory neglect, whereas AE suppressed CT effects on motor integration and grip strength. Behavioral testing emerged as a potentially major component for task integration. It is expected that this study will guide and inform the incorporation of PT in the design of clinical trials evaluating intraparenchymal NSCs implantation for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmanvir Ghuman
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nikhita Perry
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren Grice
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Madeline Gerwig
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey Moorhead
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Franziska Nitzsche
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Fabrisia Ambrosio
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michel Modo
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Chen X, Liu C, Muok L, Zeng C, Li Y. Dynamic 3D On-Chip BBB Model Design, Development, and Applications in Neurological Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:3183. [PMID: 34831406 PMCID: PMC8622822 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a vital structure for maintaining homeostasis between the blood and the brain in the central nervous system (CNS). Biomolecule exchange, ion balance, nutrition delivery, and toxic molecule prevention rely on the normal function of the BBB. The dysfunction and the dysregulation of the BBB leads to the progression of neurological disorders and neurodegeneration. Therefore, in vitro BBB models can facilitate the investigation for proper therapies. As the demand increases, it is urgent to develop a more efficient and more physiologically relevant BBB model. In this review, the development of the microfluidics platform for the applications in neuroscience is summarized. This article focuses on the characterizations of in vitro BBB models derived from human stem cells and discusses the development of various types of in vitro models. The microfluidics-based system and BBB-on-chip models should provide a better platform for high-throughput drug-screening and targeted delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; (X.C.); (C.L.); (L.M.)
- The High-Performance Materials Institute, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; (X.C.); (C.L.); (L.M.)
| | - Laureana Muok
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; (X.C.); (C.L.); (L.M.)
| | - Changchun Zeng
- The High-Performance Materials Institute, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA;
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; (X.C.); (C.L.); (L.M.)
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Hongjin W, Han C, Baoxiang J, Shiqi Y, Xiaoyu X. Reconstituting neurovascular unit based on the close relations between neural stem cells and endothelial cells: an effective method to explore neurogenesis and angiogenesis. Rev Neurosci 2021; 31:143-159. [PMID: 31539363 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of neural stem cells (NSCs) and their microenvironment, the NSC niche, brought new therapeutic strategies through neurogenesis and angiogenesis for stroke and most neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Based on the close links between NSCs and endothelial cells, the integration of neurogenesis and angiogenesis of the NSC niche is also a promising area to the neurovascular unit (NVU) modeling and is now offering a powerful tool to advance our understanding of the brain. In this review, critical aspects of the NVU and model systems are discussed. First, we briefly describe the interaction of each part in the NSC niche. Second, we introduce the co-culture system, microfluidic platforms, and stem cell-derived 3D reconstitution used in NVU modeling based on the close relations between NSCs and endothelial cells, and various characteristics of cell interactions in these systems are also described. Finally, we address the challenges in modeling the NVU that can potentially be overcome by employing strategies for advanced biomaterials and stem cell co-culture use. Based on these approaches, researchers will continue to develop predictable technologies to control the fate of stem cells, achieve accurate screening of drugs for the nervous system, and advance the clinical application of NVU models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Hongjin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening From Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica-Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chen Han
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening From Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica-Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiang Baoxiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening From Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica-Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yu Shiqi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening From Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica-Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xu Xiaoyu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening From Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica-Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
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Rock CR, White TA, Piscopo BR, Sutherland AE, Miller SL, Camm EJ, Allison BJ. Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Implications of Growth Restriction: Mechanisms and Potential Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147555. [PMID: 34299174 PMCID: PMC8303639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a common complication of pregnancy, resulting in a fetus that fails to reach its genetically determined growth potential. Whilst the fetal cardiovascular response to acute hypoxia is well established, the fetal defence to chronic hypoxia is not well understood due to experiment constraints. Growth restriction results primarily from reduced oxygen and nutrient supply to the developing fetus, resulting in chronic hypoxia. The fetus adapts to chronic hypoxia by redistributing cardiac output via brain sparing in an attempt to preserve function in the developing brain. This review highlights the impact of brain sparing on the developing fetal cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems, as well as emerging long-term effects in offspring that were growth restricted at birth. Here, we explore the pathogenesis associated with brain sparing within the cerebrovascular system. An increased understanding of the mechanistic pathways will be critical to preventing neuropathological outcomes, including motor dysfunction such as cerebral palsy, or behaviour dysfunctions including autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Charmaine R. Rock
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (C.R.R.); (T.A.W.); (B.R.P.); (A.E.S.); (S.L.M.); (E.J.C.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Tegan A. White
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (C.R.R.); (T.A.W.); (B.R.P.); (A.E.S.); (S.L.M.); (E.J.C.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Beth R. Piscopo
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (C.R.R.); (T.A.W.); (B.R.P.); (A.E.S.); (S.L.M.); (E.J.C.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Amy E. Sutherland
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (C.R.R.); (T.A.W.); (B.R.P.); (A.E.S.); (S.L.M.); (E.J.C.)
| | - Suzanne L. Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (C.R.R.); (T.A.W.); (B.R.P.); (A.E.S.); (S.L.M.); (E.J.C.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Emily J. Camm
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (C.R.R.); (T.A.W.); (B.R.P.); (A.E.S.); (S.L.M.); (E.J.C.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Beth J. Allison
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (C.R.R.); (T.A.W.); (B.R.P.); (A.E.S.); (S.L.M.); (E.J.C.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Winkelman MA, Koppes AN, Koppes RA, Dai G. Bioengineering the neurovascular niche to study the interaction of neural stem cells and endothelial cells. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:011507. [PMID: 33688617 PMCID: PMC7932757 DOI: 10.1063/5.0027211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of mammalian neural stem cells (NSCs) to self-renew and differentiate throughout adulthood has made them ideal to study neurogenesis and attractive candidates for neurodegenerative disease therapies. In the adult mammalian brain, NSCs are maintained in the neurovascular niche (NVN) where they are found near the specialized blood vessels, suggesting that brain endothelial cells (BECs) are prominent orchestrators of NSC fate. However, most of the current knowledge of the mammalian NVN has been deduced from nonhuman studies. To circumvent the challenges of in vivo studies, in vitro models have been developed to better understand the reciprocal cellular mechanisms of human NSCs and BECs. This review will cover the current understanding of mammalian NVN biology, the effects of endothelial cell-derived signals on NSC fate, and the in vitro models developed to study the interactions between NSCs and BECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max A Winkelman
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | - Ryan A Koppes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Guohao Dai
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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12
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Wang H, Yang H, Shi Y, Xiao Y, Yin Y, Jiang B, Ren H, Chen W, Xue Q, Xu X. Reconstituting neurovascular unit with primary neural stem cells and brain microvascular endothelial cells in three-dimensional matrix. Brain Pathol 2021; 31:e12940. [PMID: 33576166 PMCID: PMC8412118 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurovascular dysfunction is a primary or secondary cause in the pathogenesis of several cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, including stroke. Therefore, the overall protection of the neurovascular unit (NVU) is a promising therapeutic strategy for various neurovascular diseases. However, the complexity of the NVU limits the study of the pathological mechanisms of neurovascular dysfunction. Reconstituting the in vitro NVU is important for the pathological study and drug screening of neurovascular diseases. In this study, we generated a spontaneously assembled three‐dimensional NVU (3D NVU) by employing the primary neural stem cells and brain microvascular endothelial cells in a Matrigel extracellular matrix platform. This novel model exhibits the fundamental structures and features of the NVU, including neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, vascular‐like structures, and blood–brain barrier‐like characteristics. Additionally, under oxygen‐glucose deprivation, the 3D NVU exhibits the neurovascular‐ or oxidative stress‐related pathological characteristics of cerebral ischemia and the injuries can be mitigated, respectively, by supplementing with the vascular endothelial growth factor or edaravone, which demonstrated that the availability of 3D NVU in ischemic stroke modeling. Finally, the 3D NVU promoted the angiogenesis and neurogenesis in the brain of cerebral ischemia rats. We expect that the proposed in vitro 3D NVU model will be widely used to investigate the relationships between angiogenesis and neurogenesis and to study the pathology and pharmacology of neurovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjin Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica-the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica-the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhong Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica-the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaping Xiao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica-the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica-the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Baoxiang Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica-the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Huijing Ren
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica-the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Weihai Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Xue
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.,Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica-the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
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13
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Kannan S, Lee M, Muthusamy S, Blasiak A, Sriram G, Cao T. Peripheral sensory neurons promote angiogenesis in neurovascular models derived from hESCs. Stem Cell Res 2021; 52:102231. [PMID: 33601097 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the adult tissues, blood vessels traverse the body with neurons side by side; and share common signaling molecules. Developmental studies on animal models have shown that peripheral sensory neurons (PSNs) secrete angiogenic factors and endothelial cells (ECs) secrete neurotrophic factors which contribute to their coexistence, thereby forming the peripheral neurovascular (PNV) unit. Despite the large number of studies showing that innervation and vascularization complement each other, the interaction between human PSNs and ECs is still largely unknown. To study this interaction and to evaluate if PSNs affect angiogenesis, we derived both PSNs and ECs from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and developed a co-culture system. Seeding the two cell types together showed that PSNs induced endothelial morphogenesis with formation of vessel-like structures (VLSs). The PSN precursors, neural crest stem cells also induced VLS formation in the co-culture system; however, to a lesser extent. This sheds new light on the in vitro angiogenic potential of these cell types. PSNs derived from hESCs are powerful tools for studying development and disease as human PSNs are inaccessible for in vitro assays. Our novel approach, with optimized media condition allowed for integrating hESC-derived PSNs with hESC-derived ECs in three-dimensional (3D) collagen gel for creating a completely humanised PNV model. This preliminary model showed that innervation improves the development of vascularized channels in vitro, and provides insight to the development of innervated 3D models in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathya Kannan
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marcus Lee
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Agata Blasiak
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Centre for Additive Manufacturing (AM.NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Tong Cao
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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14
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Shah Mohammadi M, Buchen JT, Pasquina PF, Niklason LE, Alvarez LM, Jariwala SH. Critical Considerations for Regeneration of Vascularized Composite Tissues. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 27:366-381. [PMID: 33115331 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Effective vascularization is vital for survival and functionality of complex tissue-engineered organs. The formation of the microvasculature, composed of endothelial cells (ECs) alone, has been mostly used to restore the vascular networks in organs. However, recent heterocellular studies demonstrate that co-culturing is a more effective approach in revascularization of engineered organs. This review presents key considerations for manufacturing of artificial vascularized composite tissues. We summarize the importance of co-cultures and the multicellular interactions with ECs, as well as design and use of bioreactors, as critical considerations for tissue vascularization. In addition, as an emerging scaffolding technique, this review also highlights the current caveats and hurdles associated with three-dimensional bioprinting and discusses recent developments in bioprinting strategies such as four-dimensional bioprinting and its future outlook for manufacturing of vascularized tissue constructs. Finally, the review concludes with addressing the critical challenges in the regulatory pathway and clinical translation of artificial composite tissue grafts. Impact statement Regeneration of composite tissues is critical as biophysical and biochemical characteristics differ between various types of tissues. Engineering a vascularized composite tissue has remained unresolved and requires additional evaluations along with optimization of methodologies and standard operating procedures. To this end, the main hurdle is creating a viable vascular endothelium that remains functional for a longer duration postimplantation, and can be manufactured using clinically appropriate source of cell lines that are scalable in vitro for the fabrication of human-scale organs. This review presents key considerations for regeneration and manufacturing of vascularized composite tissues as the field advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maziar Shah Mohammadi
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Center for Rehabilitation Sciences Research, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jack T Buchen
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Center for Rehabilitation Sciences Research, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul F Pasquina
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Center for Rehabilitation Sciences Research, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura E Niklason
- Department of Anesthesia and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Luis M Alvarez
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Center for Rehabilitation Sciences Research, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Lung Biotechnology PBC, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Shailly H Jariwala
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Center for Rehabilitation Sciences Research, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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15
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Leroux A, Paiva Dos Santos B, Leng J, Oliveira H, Amédée J. Sensory neurons from dorsal root ganglia regulate endothelial cell function in extracellular matrix remodelling. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:162. [PMID: 33076927 PMCID: PMC7574530 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent physiological and experimental data highlight the role of the sensory nervous system in bone repair, but its precise role on angiogenesis in a bone regeneration context is still unknown. Our previous work demonstrated that sensory neurons (SNs) induce the osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, but the influence of SNs on endothelial cells (ECs) was not studied. METHODS Here, in order to study in vitro the interplay between SNs and ECs, we used microfluidic devices as an indirect co-culture model. Gene expression analysis of angiogenic markers, as well as measurements of metalloproteinases protein levels and enzymatic activity, were performed. RESULTS We were able to demonstrate that two sensory neuropeptides, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP), were involved in the transcriptional upregulation of angiogenic markers (vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin 1, type 4 collagen, matrix metalloproteinase 2) in ECs. Co-cultures of ECs with SNs also increased the protein level and enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP2/MMP9) in ECs. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a role of sensory neurons, and more specifically of CGRP and SP, in the remodelling of endothelial cells extracellular matrix, thus supporting and enhancing the angiogenesis process. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Leroux
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BIOTIS, U1026, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | | | - Jacques Leng
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Solvay, LOF, UMR 5258, F-33006, Pessac, France
| | - Hugo Oliveira
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BIOTIS, U1026, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Joëlle Amédée
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BIOTIS, U1026, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
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16
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Lorca RA, Matarazzo CJ, Bales ES, Houck JA, Orlicky DJ, Euser AG, Julian CG, Moore LG. AMPK activation in pregnant human myometrial arteries from high-altitude and intrauterine growth-restricted pregnancies. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H203-H212. [PMID: 32502374 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00644.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
High-altitude (>2,500 m) residence increases the incidence of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) due, in part, to reduced uterine artery blood flow and impaired myometrial artery (MA) vasodilator response. A role for the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in protecting against hypoxia-associated IUGR is suggested by genomic and transcriptomic studies in humans and functional studies in mice. AMPK is a hypoxia-sensitive metabolic sensor with vasodilatory properties. Here we hypothesized that AMPK-dependent vasodilation was increased in MAs from high versus low-altitude (<1,700 m) Colorado women with appropriate for gestational age (AGA) pregnancies and reduced in IUGR pregnancies regardless of altitude. Vasoreactivity studies showed that, in AGA pregnancies, MAs from high-altitude women were more sensitive to vasodilation by activation of AMPK with A769662 due chiefly to increased endothelial nitric oxide production, whereas MA responses to AMPK activation in the low-altitude women were endothelium independent. MAs from IUGR compared with AGA pregnancies had blunted vasodilator responses to acetylcholine at high altitude. We concluded that 1) blunted vasodilator responses in IUGR pregnancies confirm the importance of MA vasodilation for normal fetal growth and 2) the increased sensitivity to AMPK activation in AGA pregnancies at high altitude suggests that AMPK activation helped maintain MA vasodilation and fetal growth. These results highlight a novel mechanism for vasodilation of MAs under conditions of chronic hypoxia and suggest that AMPK activation could provide a therapy for increasing uteroplacental blood flow and improving fetal growth in IUGR pregnancies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) impairs infant well- being and increases susceptibility to later-in-life diseases for mother and child. Our study reveals a novel role for AMPK in vasodilating the myometrial artery (MA) from women residing at high altitude (>2,500 m) with appropriate for gestational age pregnancies but not in IUGR pregnancies at any altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón A Lorca
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Christopher J Matarazzo
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Elise S Bales
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Julie A Houck
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anna G Euser
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Colleen G Julian
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lorna G Moore
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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17
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Santosa SM, Guo K, Yamakawa M, Ivakhnitskaia E, Chawla N, Nguyen T, Han KY, Ema M, Rosenblatt MI, Chang JH, Azar DT. Simultaneous fluorescence imaging of distinct nerve and blood vessel patterns in dual Thy1-YFP and Flt1-DsRed transgenic mice. Angiogenesis 2020; 23:459-477. [PMID: 32372335 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-020-09724-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessels and nerve tissues are critical to the development and functionality of many vital organs. However, little is currently known about their interdependency during development and after injury. In this study, dual fluorescence transgenic reporter mice were utilized to observe blood vessels and nervous tissues in organs postnatally. Thy1-YFP and Flt1-DsRed (TYFD) mice were interbred to achieve dual fluorescence in the offspring, with Thy1-YFP yellow fluorescence expressed primarily in nerves, and Flt1-DsRed fluorescence expressed selectively in blood vessels. Using this dual fluorescent mouse strain, we were able to visualize the networks of nervous and vascular tissue simultaneously in various organ systems both in the physiological state and after injury. Using ex vivo high-resolution imaging in this dual fluorescent strain, we characterized the organizational patterns of both nervous and vascular systems in a diverse set of organs and tissues. In the cornea, we also observed the dynamic patterns of nerve and blood vessel networks following epithelial debridement injury. These findings highlight the versatility of this dual fluorescent strain for characterizing the relationship between nerve and blood vessel growth and organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Santosa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Yamakawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Evguenia Ivakhnitskaia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Neeraj Chawla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tara Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kyu-Yeon Han
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Masatsugu Ema
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Mark I Rosenblatt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jin-Hong Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Dimitri T Azar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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18
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Chou CH, Modo M. Characterization of gene expression changes in human neural stem cells and endothelial cells modeling a neurovascular microenvironment. Brain Res Bull 2020; 158:9-19. [PMID: 32092433 PMCID: PMC7103513 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis-mediated neovascularization correlates with recovery after intracerebral implantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in stroke. To elucidate NSCs' mechanism of action, it is essential to understand how these interact with the brain's vasculature after implantation. Using an all-human endothelial cell (EC, D3 cell line) and NSC (STROC05 and CTXOE03) co-culture model, fluorescently activated cell sorting (FACS) was used to isolate each cell type for a comparison of gene expression between monocultures of undifferentiated proliferating and differentiated non-proliferating cells. Gene expression for angiogenic factors (vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet derived growth factor, angiopoietin), as well as cell survival (brain derived neurotrophic factor, fibroblast growth factor) and migration (stromal cell-derived factor-1a) were measured and contrasted with the corresponding receptors on each cell type. The cellular source of extracellular matrix defining the basement membrane (vitronectin, fibronectin, laminin, collagen I and IV) and neuropil (hyaluronic acid, aggrecan, neurocan, thrombospondin, nidogen and brain associated link protein-1) was evaluated for NSCs and ECs. Co-culturing dramatically changed the expression profiles of each cell type in comparison to undifferentiated, but also differentiated cells. These results indicate that monocultures provide a poor model to investigate the cellular signaling involved in a tissue repair response. Co-cultures of NSCs and ECs forming vasculature-like structures (VLS) provide a more complex model to investigate NSC-induced neovascularization. These in vitro studies are essential to tease out individual cell signaling in NSCs and ECs to develop a mechanistic understanding of the efficacy of NSCs as a therapeutic for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsing Chou
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Michel Modo
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
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19
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Ferro MP, Heilshorn SC, Owens RM. Materials for blood brain barrier modeling in vitro. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. R, REPORTS : A REVIEW JOURNAL 2020; 140:100522. [PMID: 33551572 PMCID: PMC7864217 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2019.100522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Brain homeostasis relies on the selective permeability property of the blood brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is formed by a continuous endothelium that regulates exchange between the blood stream and the brain. This physiological barrier also creates a challenge for the treatment of neurological diseases as it prevents most blood circulating drugs from entering into the brain. In vitro cell models aim to reproduce BBB functionality and predict the passage of active compounds through the barrier. In such systems, brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) are cultured in contact with various biomaterial substrates. However, BMEC interactions with these biomaterials and their impact on BBB functions are poorly described in the literature. Here we review the most common materials used to culture BMECs and discuss their potential impact on BBB integrity in vitro. We investigate the biophysical properties of these biomaterials including stiffness, porosity and material degradability. We highlight a range of synthetic and natural materials and present three categories of cell culture dimensions: cell monolayers covering non-degradable materials (2D), cell monolayers covering degradable materials (2.5D) and vascularized systems developing into degradable materials (3D).
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali P. Ferro
- Department of Bioelectronics, Mines Saint-Étienne, 880 route de Mimet, F-13541, Gardanne, France
| | - Sarah C. Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Roisin M. Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB30AS, Cambridge, UK
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20
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Corey S, Bonsack B, Heyck M, Shear A, Sadanandan N, Zhang H, Borlongan CV. Harnessing the anti-inflammatory properties of stem cells for transplant therapy in hemorrhagic stroke. BRAIN HEMORRHAGES 2020; 1:24-33. [PMID: 34056567 PMCID: PMC8158660 DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic stroke is a global health crisis plagued by neuroinflammation in the acute and chronic phases. Neuroinflammation approximates secondary cell death, which in turn robustly contributes to stroke pathology. Both the physiological and behavioral symptoms of stroke correlate with various inflammatory responses in animal and human studies. That slowing the secondary cell death mediated by this inflammation may attenuate stroke pathology presents a novel treatment strategy. To this end, experimental therapies employing stem cell transplants support their potential for neuroprotection and neuroregeneration after hemorrhagic stroke. In this review, we evaluate experiments using different types of stem cell transplants as treatments for stroke-induced neuroinflammation. We also update this emerging area by examining recent preclinical and clinical trials that have deployed these therapies. While further investigations are warranted to solidify their therapeutic profile, the reviewed studies largely posit stem cells as safe and potent biologics for stroke, specifically owing to their mode of action for sequestering neuroinflammation and promoting neuroregenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Corey
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Brooke Bonsack
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Matt Heyck
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alex Shear
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nadia Sadanandan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Henry Zhang
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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21
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Choi JH, Santhosh M, Choi JW. In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier-Integrated Neurological Disorder Models Using a Microfluidic Device. MICROMACHINES 2019; 11:E21. [PMID: 31878184 PMCID: PMC7019695 DOI: 10.3390/mi11010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays critical role in the human physiological system such as protection of the central nervous system (CNS) from external materials in the blood vessel, including toxicants and drugs for several neurological disorders, a critical type of human disease. Therefore, suitable in vitro BBB models with fluidic flow to mimic the shear stress and supply of nutrients have been developed. Neurological disorder has also been investigated for developing realistic models that allow advance fundamental and translational research and effective therapeutic strategy design. Here, we discuss introduction of the blood-brain barrier in neurological disorder models by leveraging a recently developed microfluidic system and human organ-on-a-chip system. Such models could provide an effective drug screening platform and facilitate personalized therapy of several neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ha Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro (Sinsu-dong), Mapo-gu, 121-742 Seoul, Korea;
| | - Mallesh Santhosh
- Center for Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro (Sinsu-dong), Mapo-gu, 121-742 Seoul, Korea;
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro (Sinsu-dong), Mapo-gu, 121-742 Seoul, Korea;
- Center for Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro (Sinsu-dong), Mapo-gu, 121-742 Seoul, Korea;
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22
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Lee TH, Yen CT, Hsu SH. Preparation of Polyurethane-Graphene Nanocomposite and Evaluation of Neurovascular Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:597-609. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Han Lee
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chen-Tung Yen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shan-hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research and Development Center for Medical Devices, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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23
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Abstract
Brain tissue lost after a stroke is not regenerated, although a repair response associated with neurogenesis does occur. A failure to regenerate functional brain tissue is not caused by the lack of available neural cells, but rather the absence of structural support to permit a repopulation of the lesion cavity. Inductive bioscaffolds can provide this support and promote the invasion of host cells into the tissue void. The putative mechanisms of bioscaffold degradation and its pivotal role to permit invasion of neural cells are reviewed and discussed in comparison to peripheral wound healing. Key differences between regenerating and non-regenerating tissues are contrasted in an evolutionary context, with a special focus on the neurogenic response as a conditio sine qua non for brain regeneration. The pivotal role of the immune system in biodegradation and the formation of a neovasculature are contextualized with regeneration of peripheral soft tissues. The application of rehabilitation to integrate newly forming brain tissue is suggested as necessary to develop functional tissue that can alleviate behavioral impairments. Pertinent aspects of brain tissue development are considered to provide guidance to produce a metabolically and functionally integrated de novo tissue. Although little is currently known about mechanisms involved in brain tissue regeneration, this review outlines the various components and their interplay to provide a framework for ongoing and future studies. It is envisaged that a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in brain tissue regeneration will improve the design of biomaterials and the methods used for implantation, as well as rehabilitation strategies that support the restoration of behavioral functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Modo
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,*Correspondence: Michel Modo,
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24
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Nguyen EH, Dombroe MJ, Fisk DL, Daly WT, Sorenson CM, Murphy WL, Sheibani N. Neurovascular Organotypic Culture Models Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Assess Adverse Chemical Exposure Outcomes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 5:92-110. [PMID: 32292797 DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2018.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent a promising cell source for the construction of organotypic culture models for chemical toxicity screening and characterization. Materials and Methods: To characterize the effects of chemical exposure on the human neurovasculature, we constructed neurovascular unit (NVU) models consisting of endothelial cells (ECs) and astrocytes (ACs) derived from human-iPSCs, as well as human brain-derived pericytes (PCs). The cells were cocultured on synthetic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels that guided the self-assembly of capillary-like vascular networks. High-content epifluorescence microscopy evaluated dose-dependent changes to multiple aspects of NVU morphology. Results: Cultured vascular networks underwent quantifiable morphological changes when incubated with vascular disrupting chemicals. The activity of predicted vascular disrupting chemicals from a panel of 38 compounds (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) was ranked based on morphological features detected in the NVU model. In addition, unique morphological neurovascular disruption signatures were detected per chemical. A comparison of PEG-based NVU and Matrigel™-based NVU models found greater sensitivity and consistency in chemical detection by the PEG-based NVU models. Discussion: We suspect that specific morphological changes may be used for discerning adverse outcome pathways initiated by chemical exposure and rapid mechanistic characterization of chemical exposure to neurovascular function. Conclusion: The use of human stem cell-derived vascular tissue and PEG hydrogels in the construction of NVU models leads to rapid detection of adverse chemical effects on neurovascular stability. The use of multiple cell types in coculture elucidates potential mechanisms of action by chemicals applied to the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H Nguyen
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Micah J Dombroe
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Debra L Fisk
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - William T Daly
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Christine M Sorenson
- Department of Pediatrics, and University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - William L Murphy
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Human Models for Analysis of Pathways Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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25
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Angiogenic potential of co-spheroids of neural stem cells and endothelial cells in injectable gelatin-based hydrogel. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 99:140-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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26
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Modo M, Badylak SF. A roadmap for promoting endogenous in situ tissue restoration using inductive bioscaffolds after acute brain injury. Brain Res Bull 2019; 150:136-149. [PMID: 31128250 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The regeneration of brain tissue remains one of the greatest unsolved challenges in medicine and by many is considered unfeasible. Indeed, the adult mammalian brain does not regenerate tissue, but there is ongoing endogenous neurogenesis, which is upregulated after injury and contributes to tissue repair. This endogenous repair response is a conditio sine que non for tissue regeneration. However, scarring around the lesion core and cavitation provide unfavorable conditions for tissue regeneration in the brain. Based on the success of using extracellular matrix (ECM)-based bioscaffolds in peripheral soft tissue regeneration, it is plausible that the provision of an inductive ECM-based hydrogel inside the volumetric tissue loss can attract neural cells and create a de novo viable tissue. Following perturbation theory of these successes in peripheral tissues, we here propose 9 perturbation parts (i.e. requirements) that can be solved independently to create an integrated series to build a functional and integrated de novo neural tissue. Necessities for tissue formation, anatomical and functional connectivity are further discussed to provide a new substrate to support the improvement of behavioral impairments after acute brain injury. We also consider potential parallel developments of this tissue engineering effort that can support therapeutic benefits in the absence of de novo tissue formation (e.g. structural support to veterate brain tissue). It is envisaged that eventually top-down inductive "natural" bioscaffolds composed of decellularized tissues (i.e. ECM) will be replaced by bottom-up synthetic designer hydrogels that will provide very defined structural and signaling properties, potentially even opening up opportunities we currently do not envisage using natural materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Modo
- University of Pittsburgh, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Radiology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- University of Pittsburgh, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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27
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Studying Heterotypic Cell⁻Cell Interactions in the Human Brain Using Pluripotent Stem Cell Models for Neurodegeneration. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040299. [PMID: 30939814 PMCID: PMC6523455 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cerebral organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide novel tools for recapitulating the cytoarchitecture of the human brain and for studying biological mechanisms of neurological disorders. However, the heterotypic interactions of neurovascular units, composed of neurons, pericytes (i.e., the tissue resident mesenchymal stromal cells), astrocytes, and brain microvascular endothelial cells, in brain-like tissues are less investigated. In addition, most cortical organoids lack a microglia component, the resident immune cells in the brain. Impairment of the blood-brain barrier caused by improper crosstalk between neural cells and vascular cells is associated with many neurodegenerative disorders. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with a phenotype overlapping with pericytes, have promotion effects on neurogenesis and angiogenesis, which are mainly attributed to secreted growth factors and extracellular matrices. As the innate macrophages of the central nervous system, microglia regulate neuronal activities and promote neuronal differentiation by secreting neurotrophic factors and pro-/anti-inflammatory molecules. Neuronal-microglia interactions mediated by chemokines signaling can be modulated in vitro for recapitulating microglial activities during neurodegenerative disease progression. In this review, we discussed the cellular interactions and the physiological roles of neural cells with other cell types including endothelial cells and microglia based on iPSC models. The therapeutic roles of MSCs in treating neural degeneration and pathological roles of microglia in neurodegenerative disease progression were also discussed.
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28
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Tuazon JP, Castelli V, Lee JY, Desideri GB, Stuppia L, Cimini AM, Borlongan CV. Neural Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1201:79-91. [PMID: 31898782 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31206-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has provided the basis for the development of potentially powerful new therapeutic cell-based strategies for a broad spectrum of clinical diseases, including stroke, psychiatric illnesses such as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, and cancer. Here, we discuss pertinent preclinical investigations involving NSCs, including how NSCs can ameliorate these diseases, the current barriers hindering NSC-based treatments, and future directions for NSC research. There are still many translational requirements to overcome before clinical therapeutic applications, such as establishing optimal dosing, route of delivery, and timing regimens and understanding the exact mechanism by which transplanted NSCs lead to enhanced recovery. Such critical lab-to-clinic investigations will be necessary in order to refine NSC-based therapies for debilitating human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian P Tuazon
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Vanessa Castelli
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jea-Young Lee
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Liborio Stuppia
- Department of Psychological, Humanistic and Territorial Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
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29
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Dos Santos Rodrigues B, Oue H, Banerjee A, Kanekiyo T, Singh J. Dual functionalized liposome-mediated gene delivery across triple co-culture blood brain barrier model and specific in vivo neuronal transfection. J Control Release 2018; 286:264-278. [PMID: 30071253 PMCID: PMC6138570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has become a promising approach for neurodegenerative disease treatment, however there is an urgent need to develop an efficient gene carrier to transport gene across the blood brain barrier (BBB). In this study, we strategically designed dual functionalized liposomes for efficient neuronal transfection by combining transferrin (Tf) receptor targeting and enhanced cell penetration utilizing penetratin (Pen). A triple cell co-culture model of BBB confirmed the ability of the liposomes to cross the barrier layer and transfect primary neuronal cells. In vivo quantification of PenTf-liposomes demonstrated expressive accumulation in the brain (12%), without any detectable cellular damage or morphological change. The efficacy of these nanoparticles containing plasmid β-galactosidase in modulating transfection was assessed by β-galactosidase expression in vivo. As a consequence of accumulation in the brain, PenTf-liposomes significantly induced gene expression in mice. Immunofluorescence studies of brain sections of mice after tail vein injection of liposomes encapsulating pDNA encoding GFP (pGFP) illustrate the superior ability of dual-functionalized liposomes to accumulate in the brain and transfect neurons. Taken together, the multifunctional liposomes provide an excellent gene delivery platform for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Dos Santos Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Hiroshi Oue
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Amrita Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Takahisa Kanekiyo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA.
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30
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ElMahmoudy M, Curto VF, Ferro M, Hama A, Malliaras GG, O'Connor RP, Sanaur S. Electrically controlled cellular migration on a periodically micropatterned PEDOT:PSS conducting polymer platform. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. ElMahmoudy
- IMT Mines Saint-Etienne, Provence Microelectronics Center, Department of Bioelectronics; F-13541 Gardanne France
| | - V. F. Curto
- IMT Mines Saint-Etienne, Provence Microelectronics Center, Department of Bioelectronics; F-13541 Gardanne France
| | - M. Ferro
- IMT Mines Saint-Etienne, Provence Microelectronics Center, Department of Bioelectronics; F-13541 Gardanne France
| | - A. Hama
- IMT Mines Saint-Etienne, Provence Microelectronics Center, Department of Bioelectronics; F-13541 Gardanne France
| | - G. G. Malliaras
- IMT Mines Saint-Etienne, Provence Microelectronics Center, Department of Bioelectronics; F-13541 Gardanne France
| | - R. P. O'Connor
- IMT Mines Saint-Etienne, Provence Microelectronics Center, Department of Bioelectronics; F-13541 Gardanne France
| | - S. Sanaur
- IMT Mines Saint-Etienne, Provence Microelectronics Center, Department of Flexible Electronics; F-13541 Gardanne France
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31
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Yu X, Wang X, Zeng S, Tuo X. Protective effects of primary neural stem cell treatment in ischemic stroke models. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:2219-2228. [PMID: 30186461 PMCID: PMC6122422 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Strokes are a major cause of neurological disability. Stem cell replacement therapy is a potential novel strategy of treating patients that have experienced strokes. The present study examined the protective role of neural stem cell (NSC) administration in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) injury and ischemic stroke animal models. Primary cultured embryonic NSCs and brain microvascular endothelial cells were indirectly co-cultured for in vitro testing. A rat model of embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was used to assess the morphological and functional changes that occur following treatment with NSCs. The role of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase b/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β) signaling pathway in the neuroprotective effects of NSC treatment was also determined. It was demonstrated in vivo and in vitro that NSC administration may attenuate the brain injury caused by stroke. Furthermore, the results suggest that activation of PI3k/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway serves a role in attenuating OGD injury. Inflammation, synaptic remodeling and autophagy may be improved following NSC treatment and behavioral testing suggests that treatment with NSCs improves functional recovery in rats following MCAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Yu
- Department of Gerontology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Shuxiong Zeng
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xiping Tuo
- Department of Gerontology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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32
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Osaki T, Sivathanu V, Kamm RD. Engineered 3D vascular and neuronal networks in a microfluidic platform. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5168. [PMID: 29581463 PMCID: PMC5979969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurovascular coupling plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders including motor neuron disease (MND). In vitro models provide an opportunity to understand the pathogenesis of MND, and offer the potential for drug screening. Here, we describe a new 3D microvascular and neuronal network model in a microfluidic platform to investigate interactions between these two systems. Both 3D networks were established by co-culturing human embryonic stem (ES)-derived MN spheroids and endothelial cells (ECs) in microfluidic devices. Co-culture with ECs improves neurite elongation and neuronal connectivity as measured by Ca2+ oscillation. This improvement was regulated not only by paracrine signals such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor secreted by ECs but also through direct cell-cell interactions via the delta-notch pathway, promoting neuron differentiation and neuroprotection. Bi-directional signaling was observed in that the neural networks also affected vascular network formation under perfusion culture. This in vitro model could enable investigations of neuro-vascular coupling, essential to understanding the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including MNDs such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Osaki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Vivek Sivathanu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research & Technology, Singapore, Singapore.
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33
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Gómez-Gaviro MV, Desco M. The Paracrine Neural Stem Cell Niche: New Actors in the Play. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-018-0112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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34
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Tian Z, Zhao Q, Biswas S, Deng W. Methods of reactivation and reprogramming of neural stem cells for neural repair. Methods 2017; 133:3-20. [PMID: 28864354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the biology of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) and induced NSCs (iNSCs), as well as NSC-based therapies for diseases in central nervous system (CNS) has started to generate the expectation that these cells may be used for treatments in CNS injuries or disorders. Recent technological progresses in both NSCs themselves and their derivatives have brought us closer to therapeutic applications. Adult neurogenesis presents in particular regions in mammal brain, known as neurogenic niches such as the dental gyrus (DG) in hippocampus and the subventricular zone (SVZ), within which adult NSCs usually stay for long periods out of the cell cycle, in G0. The reactivation of quiescent adult NSCs needs orchestrated interactions between the extrinsic stimulis from niches and the intrinsic factors involving transcription factors (TFs), signaling pathway, epigenetics, and metabolism to start an intracellular regulatory program, which promotes the quiescent NSCs exit G0 and reenter cell cycle. Extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms that regulate adult NSCs are interconnected and feedback on one another. Since endogenous neurogenesis only happens in restricted regions and steadily fails with disease advances, interest has evolved to apply the iNSCs converted from somatic cells to treat CNS disorders, as is also promising and preferable. To overcome the limitation of viral-based reprogramming of iNSCs, bioactive small molecules (SM) have been explored to enhance the efficiency of iNSC reprogramming or even replace TFs, making the iNSCs more amenable to clinical application. Despite intense research efforts to translate the studies of adult and induced NSCs from the bench to bedside, vital troubles remain at several steps in these processes. In this review, we examine the present status, advancement, pitfalls, and potential of the two types of NSC technologies, focusing on each aspects of reactivation of quiescent adult NSC and reprogramming of iNSC from somatic cells, as well as on progresses in cell-based regenerative strategies for neural repair and criteria for successful therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuojun Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Institute of Guangzhou Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Qiuge Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Institute of Guangzhou Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Sangita Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Wenbin Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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35
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Stem cell therapy for abrogating stroke-induced neuroinflammation and relevant secondary cell death mechanisms. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 158:94-131. [PMID: 28743464 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide. A key secondary cell death mechanism mediating neurological damage following the initial episode of ischemic stroke is the upregulation of endogenous neuroinflammatory processes to levels that destroy hypoxic tissue local to the area of insult, induce apoptosis, and initiate a feedback loop of inflammatory cascades that can expand the region of damage. Stem cell therapy has emerged as an experimental treatment for stroke, and accumulating evidence supports the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells to abrogate stroke-induced inflammation. In this review, we investigate clinically relevant stem cell types, such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs), neural stem cells (NSCs), extraembryonic stem cells, adipose tissue-derived stem cells, breast milk-derived stem cells, menstrual blood-derived stem cells, dental tissue-derived stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), teratocarcinoma-derived Ntera2/D1 neuron-like cells (NT2N), c-mycER(TAM) modified NSCs (CTX0E03), and notch-transfected mesenchymal stromal cells (SB623), comparing their potential efficacy to sequester stroke-induced neuroinflammation and their feasibility as translational clinical cell sources. To this end, we highlight that MSCs, with a proven track record of safety and efficacy as a transplantable cell for hematologic diseases, stand as an attractive cell type that confers superior anti-inflammatory effects in stroke both in vitro and in vivo. That stem cells can mount a robust anti-inflammatory action against stroke complements the regenerative processes of cell replacement and neurotrophic factor secretion conventionally ascribed to cell-based therapy in neurological disorders.
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36
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Dumont CM, Piselli JM, Kazi N, Bowman E, Li G, Linhardt RJ, Temple S, Dai G, Thompson DM. Factors Released from Endothelial Cells Exposed to Flow Impact Adhesion, Proliferation, and Fate Choice in the Adult Neural Stem Cell Lineage. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:1199-1213. [PMID: 28557666 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The microvasculature within the neural stem cell (NSC) niche promotes self-renewal and regulates lineage progression. Previous work identified endothelial-produced soluble factors as key regulators of neural progenitor cell (NPC) fate and proliferation; however, endothelial cells (ECs) are sensitive to local hemodynamics, and the effect of this key physiological process has not been defined. In this study, we evaluated adult mouse NPC response to soluble factors isolated from static or dynamic (flow) EC cultures. Endothelial factors generated under dynamic conditions significantly increased neuronal differentiation, while those released under static conditions stimulated oligodendrocyte differentiation. Flow increases EC release of neurogenic factors and of heparin sulfate glycosaminoglycans that increase their bioactivity, likely underlying the enhanced neuronal differentiation. Additionally, endothelial factors, especially from static conditions, promoted adherent growth. Together, our data suggest that blood flow may impact proliferation, adhesion, and the neuron-glial fate choice of adult NPCs, with implications for diseases and aging that reduce flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Dumont
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York.,2 Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York
| | - Jennifer M Piselli
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York.,2 Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York
| | - Nadeem Kazi
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York.,2 Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York
| | - Evan Bowman
- 2 Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York
| | - Guoyun Li
- 2 Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York.,3 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- 2 Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York.,3 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York
| | - Sally Temple
- 4 Neural Stem Cell Institute , Rensselaer, New York
| | - Guohao Dai
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York.,2 Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York
| | - Deanna M Thompson
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York.,2 Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York
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37
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The vasculature as a neural stem cell niche. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 107:4-14. [PMID: 28132930 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotent, self-renewing progenitors that generate progeny that differentiate into neurons and glia. NSCs in the adult mammalian brain are generally quiescent. Environmental stimuli such as learning or exercise can activate quiescent NSCs, inducing them to proliferate and produce new neurons and glia. How are these behaviours coordinated? The neurovasculature, the circulatory system of the brain, is a key component of the NSC microenvironment, or 'niche'. Instructive signals from the neurovasculature direct NSC quiescence, proliferation, self-renewal and differentiation. During ageing, a breakdown in the niche accompanies NSC dysfunction and cognitive decline. There is much interest in reversing these changes and enhancing NSC activity by targeting the neurovasculature therapeutically. Here we discuss principles of neurovasculature-NSC crosstalk, and the implications for the design of NSC-based therapies. We also consider the emerging contributions to this field of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster.
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38
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ERTAN AB, KENAR H, BEYZADEOĞLU T, KÖK FN, TORUN KÖSE G. An in vitro human skeletal muscle model: coculture of myotubes,neuron-like cells, and the capillary network. Turk J Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.3906/biy-1611-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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39
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Malinovskaya NA, Komleva YK, Salmin VV, Morgun AV, Shuvaev AN, Panina YA, Boitsova EB, Salmina AB. Endothelial Progenitor Cells Physiology and Metabolic Plasticity in Brain Angiogenesis and Blood-Brain Barrier Modeling. Front Physiol 2016; 7:599. [PMID: 27990124 PMCID: PMC5130982 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is a considerable interest to the assessment of blood-brain barrier (BBB) development as a part of cerebral angiogenesis developmental program. Embryonic and adult angiogenesis in the brain is governed by the coordinated activity of endothelial progenitor cells, brain microvascular endothelial cells, and non-endothelial cells contributing to the establishment of the BBB (pericytes, astrocytes, neurons). Metabolic and functional plasticity of endothelial progenitor cells controls their timely recruitment, precise homing to the brain microvessels, and efficient support of brain angiogenesis. Deciphering endothelial progenitor cells physiology would provide novel engineering approaches to establish adequate microfluidically-supported BBB models and brain microphysiological systems for translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alla B. Salmina
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine & Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
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40
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Kaisar MA, Sajja RK, Prasad S, Abhyankar VV, Liles T, Cucullo L. New experimental models of the blood-brain barrier for CNS drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 12:89-103. [PMID: 27782770 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1253676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic biological interface which actively controls the passage of substances between the blood and the central nervous system (CNS). From a biological and functional standpoint, the BBB plays a crucial role in maintaining brain homeostasis inasmuch that deterioration of BBB functions are prodromal to many CNS disorders. Conversely, the BBB hinders the delivery of drugs targeting the brain to treat a variety of neurological diseases. Area covered: This article reviews recent technological improvements and innovation in the field of BBB modeling including static and dynamic cell-based platforms, microfluidic systems and the use of stem cells and 3D printing technologies. Additionally, the authors laid out a roadmap for the integration of microfluidics and stem cell biology as a holistic approach for the development of novel in vitro BBB platforms. Expert opinion: Development of effective CNS drugs has been hindered by the lack of reliable strategies to mimic the BBB and cerebrovascular impairments in vitro. Technological advancements in BBB modeling have fostered the development of highly integrative and quasi- physiological in vitro platforms to support the process of drug discovery. These advanced in vitro tools are likely to further current understanding of the cerebrovascular modulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Kaisar
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo , TX , USA
| | - Ravi K Sajja
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo , TX , USA
| | - Shikha Prasad
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo , TX , USA
| | - Vinay V Abhyankar
- c Biological Microsystems Division at The University of Texas at Arlington Research Institute , Fort Worth , TX , USA
| | - Taylor Liles
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo , TX , USA
| | - Luca Cucullo
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo , TX , USA.,b Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo , TX , USA
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41
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Nicholls FJ, Liu JR, Modo M. A Comparison of Exogenous Labels for the Histological Identification of Transplanted Neural Stem Cells. Cell Transplant 2016; 26:625-645. [PMID: 27938486 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x693680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The interpretation of cell transplantation experiments is often dependent on the presence of an exogenous label for the identification of implanted cells. The exogenous labels Hoechst 33342, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), PKH26, and Qtracker were compared for their labeling efficiency, cellular effects, and reliability to identify a human neural stem cell (hNSC) line implanted intracerebrally into the rat brain. Hoechst 33342 (2 mg/ml) exhibited a delayed cytotoxicity that killed all cells within 7 days. This label was hence not progressed to in vivo studies. PKH26 (5 μM), Qtracker (15 nM), and BrdU (0.2 μM) labeled 100% of the cell population at day 1, although BrdU labeling declined by day 7. BrdU and Qtracker exerted effects on proliferation and differentiation. PKH26 reduced viability and proliferation at day 1, but this normalized by day 7. In an in vitro coculture assay, all labels transferred to unlabeled cells. After transplantation, the reliability of exogenous labels was assessed against the gold standard of a human-specific nuclear antigen (HNA) antibody. BrdU, PKH26, and Qtracker resulted in a very small proportion (<2%) of false positives, but a significant amount of false negatives (∼30%), with little change between 1 and 7 days. Exogenous labels can therefore be reliable to identify transplanted cells without exerting major cellular effects, but validation is required. The interpretation of cell transplantation experiments should be presented in the context of the label's limitations.
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42
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Human neural stem cell-induced endothelial morphogenesis requires autocrine/paracrine and juxtacrine signaling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29029. [PMID: 27374240 PMCID: PMC4931512 DOI: 10.1038/srep29029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplanted neural stem cells (NSC) interact with the host brain microenvironment. A neovascularization is commonly observed in the vicinity of the cell deposit, which is correlated with behavioral improvements. To elucidate the signaling mechanisms between human NSCs and endothelial cells (ECs), these were cocultured in an in vitro model in which NSC-induced endothelial morphogenesis produced a neurovascular environment. Soluble (autocrine/paracrine) and contact–mediated (juxtacrine) signaling molecules were evaluated for two conditionally immortalized fetal NSC lines derived from the cortical anlage (CTXOE03) and ganglionic eminence (STROC05), as well as an adult EC line (D3) derived from the cerebral microvasculature of a hippocampal biopsy. STROC05 were 4 times as efficient to induce endothelial morphogenesis compared to CTXOE03. The cascade of reciprocal interactions between NSCs and ECs in this process was determined by quantifying soluble factors, receptor mapping, and immunocytochemistry for extracellular matrix molecules. The mechanistic significance of these was further evaluated by pharmacological blockade. The sequential cell-specific regulation of autocrine/paracrine and juxtacrine signaling accounted for the differential efficiency of NSCs to induce endothelial morphogenesis. These in vitro studies shed new light on the reciprocal interactions between NSCs and ECs, which are pivotal for our mechanistic understanding of the efficacy of NSC transplantation.
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43
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Aparicio-Blanco J, Martín-Sabroso C, Torres-Suárez AI. In vitro screening of nanomedicines through the blood brain barrier: A critical review. Biomaterials 2016; 103:229-255. [PMID: 27392291 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier accounts for the high attrition rate of the treatments of most brain disorders, which therefore remain one of the greatest health-care challenges of the twenty first century. Against this background of hindrance to brain delivery, nanomedicine takes advantage of the assembly at the nanoscale of available biomaterials to provide a delivery platform with potential to raising brain levels of either imaging or therapeutic agents. Nevertheless, to prevent later failure due to ineffective drug levels at the target site, researchers have been endeavoring to develop a battery of in vitro screening procedures that can predict earlier in the drug discovery process the ability of these cutting-edge drug delivery platforms to cross the blood-brain barrier for biomedical purposes. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the currently available in vitro blood-brain barrier models (both cell-based and non-cell-based) with the focus on their suitability for understanding the biological brain distribution of forthcoming nanomedicines. The relationship between experimental factors and underlying physiological assumptions that would ultimately lead to a more predictive capacity of their in vivo performance, and those methods already assayed for the evaluation of the brain distribution of nanomedicines are comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Aparicio-Blanco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Martín-Sabroso
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana-Isabel Torres-Suárez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain; University Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Watters AK, Rom S, Hill JD, Dematatis MK, Zhou Y, Merkel SF, Andrews AM, Cena J, Potula R, Skuba A, Son YJ, Persidsky Y, Ramirez SH. Identification and dynamic regulation of tight junction protein expression in human neural stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 24:1377-89. [PMID: 25892136 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports indicate that neural stem cells (NSCs) exist in a cluster-like formation in close proximity to cerebral microvessels. Similar appearing clusters can be seen ex vivo in NSC cultures termed neurospheres. It is known that this neurosphere configuration is important for preserving stemness and a proliferative state. How NSCs form neurospheres or neuroclusters remains largely undetermined. In this study, we show that primary human NSCs express the tight junction proteins (TJPs): zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, claudin-1, -3, -5, and -12. The relative mRNA expression was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and protein expression was confirmed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy. Our results show that downregulation of TJPs occurs as neuronal differentiation is induced, suggesting that control of TJPs may be tied to the neuronal differentiation program. Importantly, upon specific knockdown of the accessory TJP, ZO-1, undifferentiated NSCs showed decreased levels of key stem cell markers. Taken together, our results indicate that TJPs possibly aid in maintaining the intercellular configuration of NSCs and that reduction in TJP expression consequently affects the stemness status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K Watters
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Slava Rom
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeremy D Hill
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marie K Dematatis
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yu Zhou
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven F Merkel
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Allison M Andrews
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan Cena
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raghava Potula
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,2Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew Skuba
- 3Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Young-Jin Son
- 3Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yuri Persidsky
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,2Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Servio H Ramirez
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,2Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,3Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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45
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Koutsakis C, Kazanis I. How Necessary is the Vasculature in the Life of Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells? Evidence from Evolution, Development and the Adult Nervous System. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:35. [PMID: 26909025 PMCID: PMC4754404 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Augmenting evidence suggests that such is the functional dependance of neural stem cells (NSCs) on the vasculature that they normally reside in “perivascular niches”. Two examples are the “neurovascular” and the “oligovascular” niches of the adult brain, which comprise specialized microenvironments where NSCs or oligodendrocyte progenitor cells survive and remain mitotically active in close proximity to blood vessels (BVs). The often observed co-ordination of angiogenesis and neurogenesis led to these processes being described as “coupled”. Here, we adopt an evo-devo approach to argue that some stages in the life of a NSC, such as specification and commitment, are independent of the vasculature, while stages such as proliferation and migration are largely dependent on BVs. We also explore available evidence on the possible involvement of the vasculature in other phenomena such as the diversification of NSCs during evolution and we provide original data on the senescence of NSCs in the subependymal zone stem cell niche. Finally, we will comment on the other side of the story; that is, on how much the vasculature is dependent on NSCs and their progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Koutsakis
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras Patras, Greece
| | - Ilias Kazanis
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of PatrasPatras, Greece; Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
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Roberts SA, Waziri AE, Agrawal N. Development of a Single-Cell Migration and Extravasation Platform through Selective Surface Modification. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2770-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven A. Roberts
- Department
of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Allen E. Waziri
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Fairfax, Virginia 22042, United States
- Krasnow Institute, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Nitin Agrawal
- Department
of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
- Krasnow Institute, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
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47
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Potential of Neural Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Parkinson's Disease. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2015; 2015:571475. [PMID: 26664823 PMCID: PMC4664819 DOI: 10.1155/2015/571475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation is an emerging strategy for restoring neuronal function in neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), which is characterized by a profound and selective loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Adult neurogenesis generates newborn neurons that can be observed at specialized niches where endothelial cells (ECs) play a significant role in regulating the behavior of NSCs, including self-renewal and differentiating into all neural lineage cells. In this minireview, we highlight the importance of establishing an appropriate microenvironment at the target site of NSC transplantation, where grafted cells integrate into the surroundings in order to enhance DA neurotransmission. Using a novel model of NSC-EC coculture, it is possible to combine ECs with NSCs, to generate such a neurovascular microenvironment. With appropriate NSCs selected, the composition of the transplant can be investigated through paracrine and juxtacrine signaling within the neurovascular unit (NVU). With target site cellular and acellular compartments of the microenvironment recognized, guided DA differentiation of NSCs can be achieved. As differentiated DA neurons integrate into the existing nigrostriatal DA pathway, the symptoms of PD can potentially be alleviated by reversing characteristic neurodegeneration.
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48
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Simultaneous MR imaging for tissue engineering in a rat model of stroke. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14597. [PMID: 26419200 PMCID: PMC4588587 DOI: 10.1038/srep14597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In situ tissue engineering within a stroke cavity is gradually emerging as a novel therapeutic paradigm. Considering the varied lesion topology within each subject, the placement and distribution of cells within the lesion cavity is challenging. The use of multiple cell types to reconstruct damaged tissue illustrates the complexity of the process, but also highlights the challenges to provide a non-invasive assessment. The distribution of implanted cells within the lesion cavity and crucially the contribution of neural stem cells and endothelial cells to morphogenesis could be visualized simultaneously using two paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (paraCEST) agents. The development of sophisticated imaging methods is essential to guide delivery of the building blocks for in situ tissue engineering, but will also be essential to understand the dynamics of cellular interactions leading to the formation of de novo tissue.
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49
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Correction: in vitro modeling of the neurovascular environment by coculturing adult human brain endothelial cells with human neural stem cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117650. [PMID: 25635816 PMCID: PMC4312050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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