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Eid SA, Elzinga SE, Guo K, Hinder LM, Hayes JM, Pacut CM, Koubek EJ, Hur J, Feldman EL. Transcriptomic profiling of sciatic nerves and dorsal root ganglia reveals site-specific effects of prediabetic neuropathy. Transl Res 2024; 270:24-41. [PMID: 38556110 PMCID: PMC11166517 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a severe and frequent complication of obesity, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes characterized by progressive distal-to-proximal peripheral nerve degeneration. However, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying PN, and whether these mechanisms change during PN progression, is currently lacking. Here, gene expression data were obtained from distal (sciatic nerve; SCN) and proximal (dorsal root ganglia; DRG) injury sites of a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mouse model of obesity/prediabetes at early and late disease stages. Self-organizing map and differentially expressed gene analyses followed by pathway enrichment analysis identified genes and pathways altered across disease stage and injury site. Pathways related to immune response, inflammation, and glucose and lipid metabolism were consistently dysregulated with HFD-induced PN, irrespective of injury site. However, regulation of oxidative stress was unique to the SCN while dysregulated Hippo and Notch signaling were only observed in the DRG. The role of the immune system and inflammation in disease progression was supported by an increase in the percentage of immune cells in the SCN with PN progression. Finally, when comparing these data to transcriptomic signatures from human patients with PN, we observed conserved pathways related to metabolic dysregulation across species, highlighting the translational relevance of our mouse data. Our findings demonstrate that PN is associated with distinct site-specific molecular re-programming in the peripheral nervous system, identifying novel, clinically relevant therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie A. Eid
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sarah E. Elzinga
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lucy M. Hinder
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John M. Hayes
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Crystal M. Pacut
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emily J. Koubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Junguk Hur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Eva L. Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Huang S, Jiang Y, Li J, Mao L, Qiu Z, Zhang S, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Liu W, Xiong Z, Zhang W, Liu X, Zhang Y, Bai X, Guo B. Osteocytes/Osteoblasts Produce SAA3 to Regulate Hepatic Metabolism of Cholesterol. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307818. [PMID: 38613835 PMCID: PMC11199997 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolaemia is a systemic metabolic disease, but the role of organs other than liver in cholesterol metabolism is unappreciated. The phenotypic characterization of the Tsc1Dmp1 mice reveal that genetic depletion of tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1) in osteocytes/osteoblasts (Dmp1-Cre) triggers progressive increase in serum cholesterol level. The resulting cholesterol metabolic dysregulation is shown to be associated with upregulation and elevation of serum amyloid A3 (SAA3), a lipid metabolism related factor, in the bone and serum respectively. SAA3, elicited from the bone, bound to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on hepatocytes to phosphorylate c-Jun, and caused impeded conversion of cholesterol to bile acids via suppression on cholesterol 7 α-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1) expression. Ablation of Saa3 in Tsc1Dmp1 mice prevented the CYP7A1 reduction in liver and cholesterol elevation in serum. These results expand the understanding of bone function and hepatic regulation of cholesterol metabolism and uncover a potential therapeutic use of pharmacological modulation of SAA3 in hypercholesterolaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure ResearchDepartment of Cell BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
| | - Yuanjun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure ResearchDepartment of Cell BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
| | - Linlin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure ResearchDepartment of Cell BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
| | - Zeyou Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
- Equipment Material DepartmentWest China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan UniversityXiamenFujian361000China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure ResearchDepartment of Cell BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
| | - Yuhui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure ResearchDepartment of Cell BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
| | - Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure ResearchDepartment of Cell BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure ResearchDepartment of Cell BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
| | - Zhi Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure ResearchDepartment of Cell BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
| | - Wuju Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure ResearchDepartment of Cell BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
- Central LaboratoryThe Fifth Affiliated HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510900China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure ResearchDepartment of Cell BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure ResearchDepartment of Cell BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure ResearchDepartment of Cell BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative DiseasesThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510630China
| | - Bin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure ResearchDepartment of Cell BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
- The Tenth Affiliated HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityDongguanGuangdong523018China
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Kudo A, Osedo H, Aisyah R, Yazawa N, Saliu TP, Miyata K, Kumrungsee T, Yanaka N. Serum Amyloid A3 Promoter-Luciferase Reporter Mice Are Useful for Early Drug-Induced Nephrotoxicity Detection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5124. [PMID: 38791162 PMCID: PMC11120996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Early detection of drug-induced kidney injury is essential for drug development. In this study, multiple low-dose aristolochic acid (AA) and cisplatin (Cis) injections increased renal mRNA levels of inflammation, fibrosis, and renal tubule injury markers. We applied a serum amyloid A3 (Saa3) promoter-driven luciferase reporter (Saa3 promoter-luc mice) to these two tubulointerstitial nephritis models and performed in vivo bioluminescence imaging to monitor early renal pathologies. The bioluminescent signals from renal tissues with AA or CIS injections were stronger than those from normal kidney tissues obtained from normal mice. To verify whether the visualized bioluminescence signal was specifically generated by the injured kidney, we performed in vivo bioluminescence analysis after opening the stomachs of Saa3 promoter-luc mice, and the Saa3-mediated bioluminescent signal was specifically detected in the injured kidney. This study showed that Saa3 promoter activity is a potent non-invasive indicator for the early detection of drug-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Noriyuki Yanaka
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan (T.P.S.)
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Lang Y, Wang Q, Sheng Q, Lu S, Yang M, Kong Z, Gao Y, Fan X, Shen N, Wang R, Lv Z. FTO-mediated m6A modification of serum amyloid A2 mRNA promotes podocyte injury and inflammation by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23409. [PMID: 38193628 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301419rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the severe complications of diabetes mellitus, yet there is no effective treatment. Exploring the development of DKD is essential to treatment. Podocyte injury and inflammation are closely related to the development of DKD. However, the mechanism of podocyte injury and progression in DKD remains largely unclear. Here, we observed that FTO expression was significantly upregulated in high glucose-induced podocytes and that overexpression of FTO promoted podocyte injury and inflammation. By performing RNA-seq and MeRIP-seq with control podocytes and high glucose-induced podocytes with or without FTO knockdown, we revealed that serum amyloid A2 (SAA2) is a target of FTO-mediated m6A modification. Knockdown of FTO markedly increased SAA2 mRNA m6A modification and decreased SAA2 mRNA expression. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that SAA2 might participate in podocyte injury and inflammation through activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, by generating podocyte-specific adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) to knockdown SAA2 in mice, we discovered that the depletion of SAA2 significantly restored podocyte injury and inflammation. Together, our results suggested that upregulation of SAA2 promoted podocyte injury through m6A-dependent regulation, thus suggesting that SAA2 may be a therapeutic target for diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Lang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qimeng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qinghao Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shangwei Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Meilin Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhijuan Kong
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoting Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhimei Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Su Y, Qiu P, Cheng L, Zhang L, Peng W, Meng X. Catechin Protects against Lipopolysaccharide-induced Depressive-like Behaviour in Mice by Regulating Neuronal and Inflammatory Genes. Curr Gene Ther 2024; 24:292-306. [PMID: 38783529 DOI: 10.2174/0115665232261045231215054305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have suggested that tea has antidepressant effects; however, the underlying mechanism is not fully studied. As the main anti-inflammatory polyphenol in tea, catechin may contribute to the protective role of tea against depression. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to prove that catechin can protect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive-like behaviours in mice, and then explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS Thirty-one C57BL/6J mice were categorized into the normal saline (NS) group, LPS group, catechin group, and amitriptyline group according to their treatments. Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), Tail Suspension Test (TST), and Open Field Test (OFT) were employed to assess depressive- like behaviours in mice. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and subsequent Bioinformatics analyses, such as differential gene analysis and functional enrichment, were performed on the four mouse groups. RESULTS In TST, the mice in the LPS group exhibited significantly longer immobility time than those in the other three groups, while the immobility times for the other three groups were not significantly different. Similarly in EPM, LPS-treated mice exhibited a significantly lower percentage in the time/path of entering open arms than the mice in the other three groups, while the percentages of the mice in the other three groups were not significantly different. In OFT, LPS-treated mice exhibited significantly lower percentages in the time/path of entering the centre area than those in the other three groups. The results suggested that the LPS-induced depression models were established successfully and catechin can reverse (LPS)-induced depressive-like behaviours in mice. Finally, RNA-seq analyses revealed 57 differential expressed genes (DEGs) between LPS and NS with 19 up-regulated and 38 down-regulated. Among them, 13 genes were overlapped with the DEGs between LPS and cetechin (in opposite directions), with an overlapping p-value < 0.001. The 13 genes included Rnu7, Lcn2, C4b, Saa3, Pglyrp1, Gpx3, Lyz2, S100a8, S100a9, Tmem254b, Gm14288, Hbb-bt, and Tmem254c, which might play key roles in the protection of catechin against LPS-induced depressive-like behaviours in mice. The 13 genes were significantly enriched in defense response and inflammatory response, indicating that catechin might work through counteracting changes in the immune system induced by LPS. CONCLUSION Catechin can protect mice from LPS-induced depressive-like behaviours through affecting inflammatory pathways and neuron-associated gene ontologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Su
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ping Qiu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Li Cheng
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lijing Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wenpeng Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xianfang Meng
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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Yu J, Zhu H, Taheri S, Lee JY, Diamond DM, Kirstein C, Kindy MS. Serum amyloid A-dependent inflammasome activation and acute injury in a mouse model of experimental stroke. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3258406. [PMID: 37720021 PMCID: PMC10503850 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3258406/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins increase dramatically in the blood following inflammation. Recently, SAAs are increased in humans following stroke and in ischemic animal models. However, the impact of SAAs on whether this signal is critical in the ischemic brain remains unknown. Therefore, we investigated the role of SAA and SAA signaling in the ischemic brain. Wildtype and SAA deficient mice were exposed to middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion, examined for the impact of infarct volumes, behavioral changes, inflammatory markers, TUNEL staining, and BBB changes. The underlying mechanisms were investigated using SAA deficient mice, transgenic mice and viral vectors. SAA levels were significantly increase following MCAo and mice deficient in SAAs showed reduced infarct volumes and improved behavioral outcomes. SAA deficient mice showed a reduction in TUNEL staining, inflammation and decreased glial activation. Mice lacking acute phase SAAs demonstrated a reduction in expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and SAA/NLRP3 KO mice showed improvement. Restoration of SAA expression via SAA tg mice or adenoviral expression reestablished the detrimental effects of SAA. A reduction in BBB permeability was seen in the SAA KO mice and anti-SAA antibody treatment reduced the effects on ischemic injury. SAA signaling plays a critical role in regulating NLRP3-induced inflammation and glial activation in the ischemic brain. Blocking this signal will be a promising approach for treating ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yu
- University of South Florida
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den Hartigh LJ, May KS, Zhang XS, Chait A, Blaser MJ. Serum amyloid A and metabolic disease: evidence for a critical role in chronic inflammatory conditions. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1197432. [PMID: 37396595 PMCID: PMC10311072 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1197432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) subtypes 1-3 are well-described acute phase reactants that are elevated in acute inflammatory conditions such as infection, tissue injury, and trauma, while SAA4 is constitutively expressed. SAA subtypes also have been implicated as playing roles in chronic metabolic diseases including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, and possibly in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Distinctions between the expression kinetics of SAA in acute inflammatory responses and chronic disease states suggest the potential for differentiating SAA functions. Although circulating SAA levels can rise up to 1,000-fold during an acute inflammatory event, elevations are more modest (∼5-fold) in chronic metabolic conditions. The majority of acute-phase SAA derives from the liver, while in chronic inflammatory conditions SAA also derives from adipose tissue, the intestine, and elsewhere. In this review, roles for SAA subtypes in chronic metabolic disease states are contrasted to current knowledge about acute phase SAA. Investigations show distinct differences between SAA expression and function in human and animal models of metabolic disease, as well as sexual dimorphism of SAA subtype responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. den Hartigh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Karolline S. May
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Xue-Song Zhang
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Alan Chait
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Martin J. Blaser
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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Zhang Q, Zhao Q, Li T, Lu L, Wang F, Zhang H, Liu Z, Ma H, Zhu Q, Wang J, Zhang X, Pei Y, Liu Q, Xu Y, Qie J, Luan X, Hu Z, Liu X. Lactobacillus plantarum-derived indole-3-lactic acid ameliorates colorectal tumorigenesis via epigenetic regulation of CD8 + T cell immunity. Cell Metab 2023:S1550-4131(23)00141-9. [PMID: 37192617 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that Lactobacillus species play a role in ameliorating colorectal cancer (CRC) in a mouse model. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we found that administration of a probiotic strain, Lactobacillus plantarumL168 and its metabolite, indole-3-lactic acid, ameliorated intestinal inflammation, tumor growth, and gut dysbiosis. Mechanistically, we indicated that indole-3-lactic acid accelerated IL12a production in dendritic cells by enhancing H3K27ac binding at the enhancer regions of IL12a that contributed to priming CD8+ T cell immunity against tumor growth. Furthermore, indole-3-lactic acid was found to transcriptionally inhibit Saa3 expression related to cholesterol metabolism of CD8+ T cells through changing chromatin accessibility and subsequent enhancing function of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Together, our findings provide new insights into the epigenetic regulation of probiotics-mediated anti-tumor immunity and suggest the potential of L. plantarumL168 and indole-3-lactic acid to develop therapeutic strategies for patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Longya Lu
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Huihui Ma
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qihui Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yang Pei
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qisha Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yuyu Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jinlong Qie
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiaoting Luan
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingyin Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Microbiota Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Jin S, Wang Y, Qie C, Yang L, Wu Y, Zhang T, Di J, Liu J. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals the Immune Cell Profiling in IMQ Induced Psoriasis-Like Model. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:5999-6012. [PMID: 36330167 PMCID: PMC9626250 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s379349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Psoriasis is a chronic systemic inflammatory skin disease with a high recurrence rate. The immune response plays an important role in psoriasis. However, the subsets of immune cells involved in inflammation in psoriatic mice have not been fully studied. This study showed the immune environment characteristics of psoriasis in mice. METHODS We used single-cell RNA sequencing (10× Genomics) as an unbiased analytical strategy to investigate the heterogeneity of skin immune cells in imiquimod-induced psoriasis mice systematically. RESULTS We identified 10 major clusters and their marker genes among 14,439 cells. The proportions of macrophages, NK/T cells, conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) were increased in psoriatic mice. Macrophages were the largest group and were further divided into 7 subgroups, and all macrophage clusters were increased in psoriatic mice. Differentially expressed genes in control versus psoriatic mice skin lesions showed that Fcgr4, Saa3 and Acp5 in macrophages, Acp5, Fcgr4 and Ms4a6d in NK/T cells, Saa3 in cDCs, and Ifitm1 in pDCs were upregulated in psoriasis mice. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway enrichment analysis emphasized the role of oxidative phosphorylation signals and antigen processing and presentation signals in murine psoriasis-like models. CONCLUSION Our study reveals the immune environment characteristics of the commonly used IMQ induced psoriasis-like models and provides a systematic insight into the immune response of mice with psoriasis, which is conducive to comparing the similarities and differences between the mouse model and human psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Jin
- New Drug Screening Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixin Wang
- New Drug Screening Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenxin Qie
- New Drug Screening Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Yang
- New Drug Screening Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinhao Wu
- New Drug Screening Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianwen Di
- New Drug Screening Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- New Drug Screening Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Jun Liu, New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-25-83271043, Fax +86-25-83271142, Email
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10
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Kosyreva AM, Sentyabreva AV, Tsvetkov IS, Makarova OV. Alzheimer’s Disease and Inflammaging. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091237. [PMID: 36138973 PMCID: PMC9496782 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorders. The main theory of Alzheimer’s disease progress is the amyloid-β cascade hypothesis. However, the initial mechanisms of insoluble forms of amyloid-β formation and hyperphosphorylated tau protein in neurons remain unclear. One of the factors, which might play a key role in senile plaques and tau fibrils generation due to Alzheimer’s disease, is inflammaging, i.e., systemic chronic low-grade age-related inflammation. The activation of the proinflammatory cell phenotype is observed during aging, which might be one of the pivotal mechanisms for the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, e.g., atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and Alzheimer’s disease. This review discusses the role of the inflammatory processes in developing neurodegeneration, activated during physiological aging and due to various diseases such as atherosclerosis, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and depressive disorders.
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11
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Soundharrajan I, Karnan M, Jung JS, Lee KD, Lee JC, Ramesh T, Kim D, Choi KC. A Transcriptomic Response to Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-KCC48 against High-Fat Diet-Induced Fatty Liver Diseases in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126750. [PMID: 35743193 PMCID: PMC9224190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The most prevalent chronic liver disorder in the world is fatty liver disease caused by a high-fat diet. We examined the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-KCC48 on high-fat diet-induced (HFD) fatty liver disease in mice. We used the transcriptome tool to perform a systematic evaluation of hepatic mRNA transcripts changes in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed animals and high-fat diet with L. plantarum (HFLPD)-fed animals. HFD causes fatty liver diseases in animals, as evidenced by an increase in TG content in liver tissues compared to control animals. Based on transcriptome data, 145 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the liver of HFD-fed mice compared to control mice. Moreover, 61 genes were differentially expressed in the liver of mice fed the HFLPD compared to mice fed the HFD. Additionally, 43 common DEGs were identified between HFD and HFLPD. These genes were enriched in metabolic processes, retinol metabolism, the PPAR signaling pathway, fatty acid degradation, arachidonic metabolism, and steroid hormone synthesis. Taking these data into consideration, it can be concluded that L. plantarum-KCC48 treatment significantly regulates the expression of genes involved in hepatosteatosis caused by HFD, which may prevent fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilavenil Soundharrajan
- Grassland and Forage Division, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan 31000, Korea; (I.S.); (M.K.); (J.-S.J.)
| | - Muthusamy Karnan
- Grassland and Forage Division, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan 31000, Korea; (I.S.); (M.K.); (J.-S.J.)
| | - Jeong-Sung Jung
- Grassland and Forage Division, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan 31000, Korea; (I.S.); (M.K.); (J.-S.J.)
| | - Kyung-Dong Lee
- Department of Companion Animals, Dongsin University, Naju 58245, Korea;
| | - Jeong-Chae Lee
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
| | - Thiyagarajan Ramesh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Dahye Kim
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.K.); (K.-C.C.); Tel.: +82-41-580-6752 (D.K.); Fax: +82-41-580-6779 (K.-C.C.)
| | - Ki-Choon Choi
- Grassland and Forage Division, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan 31000, Korea; (I.S.); (M.K.); (J.-S.J.)
- Correspondence: (D.K.); (K.-C.C.); Tel.: +82-41-580-6752 (D.K.); Fax: +82-41-580-6779 (K.-C.C.)
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12
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10,12-conjugated linoleic acid supplementation improves HDL composition and function in mice. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100241. [PMID: 35714730 PMCID: PMC9283942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with inflammation, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes, which are major risk factors for CVD. One dietary component of ruminant animal foods, 10,12-conjugated linoleic acid (10,12 CLA), has been shown to promote weight loss in humans. Previous work has shown that 10,12 CLA is atheroprotective in mice by a mechanism that may be distinct from its weight loss effects, but this exact mechanism is unclear. To investigate this, we evaluated HDL composition and function in obese LDL receptor (Ldlr−/−) mice that were losing weight because of 10,12 CLA supplementation or caloric restriction (CR; weight-matched control group) and in an obese control group consuming a high-fat high-sucrose diet. We show that 10,12 CLA-HDL exerted a stronger anti-inflammatory effect than CR- or high-fat high-sucrose-HDL in cultured adipocytes. Furthermore, the 10,12 CLA-HDL particle (HDL-P) concentration was higher, attributed to more medium- and large-sized HDL-Ps. Passive cholesterol efflux capacity of 10,12 CLA-HDL was elevated, as was expression of HDL receptor scavenger receptor class B type 1 in the aortic arch. Murine macrophages treated with 10,12 CLA in vitro exhibited increased expression of cholesterol transporters Abca1 and Abcg1, suggesting increased cholesterol efflux potential of these cells. Finally, proteomics analysis revealed elevated Apoa1 content in 10,12 CLA-HDL-Ps, consistent with a higher particle concentration, and particles were also enriched with alpha-1-antitrypsin, an emerging anti-inflammatory and antiatherosclerotic HDL-associated protein. We conclude that 10,12 CLA may therefore exert its atheroprotective effects by increasing HDL-P concentration, HDL anti-inflammatory potential, and promoting beneficial effects on cholesterol efflux.
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13
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Serum Amyloid A is not obligatory for high-fat, high-sucrose, cholesterol-fed diet-induced obesity and its metabolic and inflammatory complications. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266688. [PMID: 35436297 PMCID: PMC9015120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies in the past have reported positive correlations between circulating Serum amyloid A (SAA) levels and obesity. However, based on limited number of studies involving appropriate mouse models, the role of SAA in the development of obesity and obesity-related metabolic consequences has not been established. Accordingly, herein, we have examined the role of SAA in the development of obesity and its associated metabolic complications in vivo using mice deficient for all three inducible forms of SAA: SAA1.1, SAA2.1 and SAA3 (TKO). Male and female mice were rendered obese by feeding a high fat, high sucrose diet with added cholesterol (HFHSC) and control mice were fed rodent chow diet. Here, we show that the deletion of SAA does not affect diet-induced obesity, hepatic lipid metabolism or adipose tissue inflammation. However, there was a modest effect on glucose metabolism. The results of this study confirm previous findings that SAA levels are elevated in adipose tissues as well as in the circulation in diet-induced obese mice. However, the three acute phase SAAs do not play a causative role in the development of obesity or obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation and dyslipidemia.
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14
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Acute Inflammation Is a Predisposing Factor for Weight Gain and Insulin Resistance. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030623. [PMID: 35335996 PMCID: PMC8954490 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the course of infection and intense endotoxemia processes, induction of a catabolic state leading to weight loss is observed in mice and humans. However, the late effects of acute inflammation on energy homeostasis, regulation of body weight and glucose metabolism are yet to be elucidated. Here, we addressed whether serial intense endotoxemia, characterized by an acute phase response and weight loss, could be an aggravating or predisposing factor to weight gain and associated metabolic complications. Male Swiss Webster mice were submitted to 8 consecutive doses of lipopolysaccharide (10 mg/kg LPS), followed by 10 weeks on a high-fat diet (HFD). LPS-treated mice did not show changes in weight when fed standard chow. However, when challenged by a high-fat diet, LPS-treated mice showed greater weight gain, with larger fat depot areas, increased serum leptin and insulin levels and impaired insulin sensitivity when compared to mice on HFD only. Acute endotoxemia caused a long-lasting increase in mRNA expression of inflammatory markers such as TLR-4, CD14 and serum amyloid A (SAA) in the adipose tissue, which may represent the key factors connecting inflammation to increased susceptibility to weight gain and impaired glucose homeostasis. In an independent experimental model, and using publicly available microarray data from adipose tissue from mice infected with Gram-negative bacteria, we performed gene set enrichment analysis and confirmed upregulation of a set of genes responsible for cell proliferation and inflammation, including TLR-4 and SAA. Together, we showed that conditions leading to intense and recurring endotoxemia, such as common childhood bacterial infections, may resound for a long time and aggravate the effects of a western diet. If confirmed in humans, infections should be considered an additional factor contributing to obesity and type 2 diabetes epidemics.
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15
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Effect of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharide on Decreasing Serum Amyloid A3 Expression through Inhibiting NF-κB Activation in a Mouse Model of Diabetic Nephropathy. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2022; 2022:7847135. [PMID: 35132370 PMCID: PMC8817866 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7847135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) as one of the main bioactive constituents of the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. (LBL.) has many pharmacological activities, but its antihyperglycemic activity is not fully understood yet. This study investigated the hypoglycemic and renal protective effects of LBP on high-fat diet/streptozotocin- (HFD/STZ-) induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) in mice. Blood glucose was assessed before and after 8-week administration of LBP, and the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index was calculated for evaluating the antidiabetic effect of LBP. Additionally, serum creatinine (sCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and urine microalbumin were tested to evaluate the renal function. HE and PAS stainings were performed to evaluate the morphology and injury of the kidney. The results showed that LBP significantly reduces the glucose level and ameliorates the insulin resistance of diabetic mice. Importantly, LBP improves renal function by lowering the levels of sCr, BUN, and microalbumin in diabetic mice and relieves the injury in the renal glomeruli and tubules of the DN mice. Furthermore, LBP attenuates renal inflammation as evidenced by downregulating the mRNA levels of TNFα, IL1 β, IL6, and SAA3 in the renal cortex, as well as reducing the elevated circulating level and protein depositions of SAA3 in the kidney. In addition, our western blot results showed that NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and the degradation of inhibitory κB-α (IκBα) occurred during the progress of inflammation, and such activated signaling was restrained by LBP. In conclusion, our findings suggest that LBP is a potential antidiabetic agent, which ameliorates the inflammation in DN through inhibiting NF-κB activation.
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16
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Saliu TP, Yazawa N, Hashimoto K, Miyata K, Kudo A, Horii M, Kamesawa M, Kumrungsee T, Yanaka N. Serum Amyloid A3 Promoter-Driven Luciferase Activity Enables Visualization of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020899. [PMID: 35055081 PMCID: PMC8779903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The early detection of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in mice is necessary for the development of drugs and functional foods. The purpose of this study was to identify genes that are significantly upregulated in the early stage of DN progression and develop a novel model to non-invasively monitor disease progression within living animals using in vivo imaging technology. Streptozotocin (STZ) treatment has been widely used as a DN model; however, it also exhibits direct cytotoxicity to the kidneys. As it is important to distinguish between DN-related and STZ-induced nephropathy, in this study, we compared renal responses induced by the diabetic milieu with two types of STZ models: multiple low-dose STZ injections with a high-fat diet and two moderate-dose STZ injections to induce DN. We found 221 genes whose expression was significantly altered during DN development in both models and identified serum amyloid A3 (Saa3) as a candidate gene. Next, we applied the Saa3 promoter-driven luciferase reporter (Saa3-promoter luc mice) to these two STZ models and performed in vivo bioluminescent imaging to monitor the progression of renal pathology. In this study, to further exclude the possibility that the in vivo bioluminescence signal is related to renal cytotoxicity by STZ treatment, we injected insulin into Saa3-promoter luc mice and showed that insulin treatment could downregulate renal inflammatory responses with a decreased signal intensity of in vivo bioluminescence imaging. These results strongly suggest that Saa3 promoter activity is a potent non-invasive indicator that can be used to monitor DN progression and explore therapeutic agents and functional foods.
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17
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Gomes D, Wang S, Goodspeed L, Turk KE, Wietecha T, Liu Y, Bornfeldt KE, O'Brien KD, Chait A, den Hartigh LJ. Comparison between genetic and pharmaceutical disruption of LDLR expression for the development of atherosclerosis. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100174. [PMID: 35101425 PMCID: PMC8953673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gomes
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shari Wang
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Leela Goodspeed
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katherine E Turk
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tomasz Wietecha
- Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kevin D O'Brien
- Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alan Chait
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura J den Hartigh
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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18
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Ren Y, Zhao H, Yin C, Lan X, Wu L, Du X, Griffiths HR, Gao D. Adipokines, Hepatokines and Myokines: Focus on Their Role and Molecular Mechanisms in Adipose Tissue Inflammation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:873699. [PMID: 35909571 PMCID: PMC9329830 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.873699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue (AT) is a hallmark of obesity and contributes to various metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Inflammation in ATs is characterized by macrophage infiltration and the activation of inflammatory pathways mediated by NF-κB, JNK, and NLRP3 inflammasomes. Adipokines, hepatokines and myokines - proteins secreted from AT, the liver and skeletal muscle play regulatory roles in AT inflammation via endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine pathways. For example, obesity is associated with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory adipokines (e.g., leptin, resistin, chemerin, progranulin, RBP4, WISP1, FABP4, PAI-1, Follistatin-like1, MCP-1, SPARC, SPARCL1, and SAA) and reduced levels of anti-inflammatory adipokines such as adiponectin, omentin, ZAG, SFRP5, CTRP3, vaspin, and IL-10. Moreover, some hepatokines (Fetuin A, DPP4, FGF21, GDF15, and MANF) and myokines (irisin, IL-6, and DEL-1) also play pro- or anti-inflammatory roles in AT inflammation. This review aims to provide an updated understanding of these organokines and their role in AT inflammation and related metabolic abnormalities. It serves to highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of these organokines and their clinical significance. Insights into the roles and mechanisms of these organokines could provide novel and potential therapeutic targets for obesity-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Ren
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Chunyan Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xi Lan
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Litao Wu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaojuan Du
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Helen R. Griffiths
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Gao
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Center, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Dan Gao,
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19
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Shridas P, Patrick AC, Tannock LR. Role of Serum Amyloid A in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Related Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121883. [PMID: 34944527 PMCID: PMC8699432 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data positively correlate plasma serum amyloid A (SAA) levels with cardiovascular disease severity and mortality. Studies by several investigators have indicated a causal role for SAA in the development of atherosclerosis in animal models. Suppression of SAA attenuates the development of angiotensin II (AngII)-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation in mice. Thus, SAA is not just a marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD) development, but it is a key player. However, to consider SAA as a therapeutic target for these diseases, the pathway leading to its involvement needs to be understood. This review provides a brief description of the pathobiological significance of this enigmatic molecule. The purpose of this review is to summarize the data relevant to its role in the development of CVD, the pitfalls in SAA research, and unanswered questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetha Shridas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Avery C Patrick
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Lisa R Tannock
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Veterans Affairs Lexington, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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20
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Vercalsteren E, Vranckx C, Vermeire I, Gooijen M, Lijnen R, Scroyen I. Serum amyloid A3 deficiency impairs in vitro and in vivo adipocyte differentiation. Adipocyte 2021; 10:242-250. [PMID: 33896367 PMCID: PMC8078753 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.1916220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, caused by an excess adipose tissue, is one of the biggest health-threats of the 21st century. Adipose tissue expansion occurs through two processes: (i) hypertrophy, and (ii) hyperplasia, the formation of new adipocytes, also termed adipogenesis. Recently, serum amyloid A3 (Saa3) has been implicated in adipogenesis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Saa3 on adipogenesis using both an in vitro and in vivo murine model. Saa3 gene silenced pre-adipocytes ha a lower expression of pro-adipogenic markers and less lipid accumulation, indicating impaired adipogenesis. Furthermore, male NUDE mice, injected with Saa3 gene silenced pre-adipocytes developed smaller fat pads with smaller adipocytes and lower expression of pro-adipogenic markers than their control counterparts. This confirms that Saa3 gene silencing indeed impairs adipogenesis, both in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate a clear role for Saa3 in adipogenesis and open new perspectives in the battle against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Vercalsteren
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Vranckx
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ines Vermeire
- Health Department, University Colleges Leuven Limburg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Max Gooijen
- Health Department, University Colleges Leuven Limburg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roger Lijnen
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Scroyen
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Health Department, University Colleges Leuven Limburg, Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Lu H, Guo R, Zhang Y, Su S, Zhao Q, Yu Y, Shi H, Sun H, Zhang Y, Li S, Shi D, Chu X, Sun C. Inhibition of lncRNA TCONS_00077866 Ameliorates the High Stearic Acid Diet-Induced Mouse Pancreatic β-Cell Inflammatory Response by Increasing miR-297b-5p to Downregulate SAA3 Expression. Diabetes 2021; 70:2275-2288. [PMID: 34261739 DOI: 10.2337/db20-1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Long-term consumption of a high-fat diet increases the circulating concentration of stearic acid (SA), which has a potent toxic effect on β-cells, but the underlying molecular mechanisms of this action have not been fully elucidated. Here, we evaluated the role of long noncoding (lnc)RNA TCONS_00077866 (lnc866) in SA-induced β-cell inflammation. lnc866 was selected for study because lncRNA high-throughput sequencing analysis demonstrated it to have the largest fold-difference in expression of five lncRNAs that were affected by SA treatment. Knockdown of lnc866 by virus-mediated shRNA expression in mice or by Smart Silencer in mouse pancreatic β-TC6 cells significantly inhibited the SA-induced reduction in insulin secretion and β-cell inflammation. According to lncRNA-miRNAs-mRNA coexpression network analysis and luciferase reporter assays, lnc866 directly bound to miR-297b-5p, thereby preventing it from reducing the expression of its target serum amyloid A3 (SAA3). Furthermore, overexpression of miR-297b-5p or inhibition of SAA3 also had marked protective effects against the deleterious effects of SA in β-TC6 cells and mouse islets. In conclusion, lnc866 silencing ameliorates SA-induced β-cell inflammation by targeting the miR-297b-5p/SAA3 axis. lnc866 inhibition may represent a new strategy to protect β-cells against the effects of SA during the development of type 2 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/prevention & control
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Inflammation/etiology
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation/prevention & control
- Insulin Secretion/drug effects
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/drug effects
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Palmitic Acid/adverse effects
- Palmitic Acid/pharmacology
- Pancreatitis/etiology
- Pancreatitis/genetics
- Pancreatitis/pathology
- Pancreatitis/prevention & control
- RNA, Long Noncoding/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- Serum Amyloid A Protein/genetics
- Stearic Acids/adverse effects
- Stearic Acids/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Lu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene (National Key Discipline), Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene (National Key Discipline), Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunjin Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene (National Key Discipline), Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shenghan Su
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene (National Key Discipline), Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingrui Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene (National Key Discipline), Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene (National Key Discipline), Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongbo Shi
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haoran Sun
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongjian Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shenglong Li
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dan Shi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene (National Key Discipline), Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xia Chu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene (National Key Discipline), Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Changhao Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene (National Key Discipline), Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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22
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Wan J, Feng M, Pan W, Zheng X, Xie X, Hu B, Teng C, Wang Y, Liu Z, Wu J, Cai S. Inhibitory Effects of Six Types of Tea on Aging and High-Fat Diet-Related Amyloid Formation Activities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1513. [PMID: 34679648 PMCID: PMC8533055 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging and lipid metabolism disorders promote the formation and accumulation of amyloid with β-sheet structure, closely related to cardiovascular disease, senile dementia, type 2 diabetes, and other senile degenerative diseases. In this study, five representative teas were selected from each of the six types of tea, and a total of 30 teas were selected to evaluate the inhibitory activities on the formation of aging-related amyloid in vitro. The results showed that the 30 teas had a significant inhibitory effect on the formation activity on aging-related amyloid at the protein level in vitro. Although the content of catechins is relatively low, black tea and dark tea still have significant antioxidant activity and inhibit the formation of amyloid. A high-fat diet established the model of lipid metabolism disorder in premature aging SAMP8 mice, and these mice were gavaged different tea water extracts. The results showed that different tea types have a significant inhibitory effect on the formation of β-amyloid and Aβ42 mediated by age-related lipid metabolism disorders, and the in vivo activity of fully fermented teas was better than that of green tea. The action mechanism was related to antioxidation, anti-inflammatory, and improving lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wan
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.W.); (M.F.); (W.P.); (X.Z.); (X.X.); (B.H.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Meiyan Feng
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.W.); (M.F.); (W.P.); (X.Z.); (X.X.); (B.H.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wenjing Pan
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.W.); (M.F.); (W.P.); (X.Z.); (X.X.); (B.H.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.W.); (M.F.); (W.P.); (X.Z.); (X.X.); (B.H.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xinya Xie
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.W.); (M.F.); (W.P.); (X.Z.); (X.X.); (B.H.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Baozhu Hu
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.W.); (M.F.); (W.P.); (X.Z.); (X.X.); (B.H.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Cuiqin Teng
- Wuzhou Institute of Agricultural, Wuzhou 543003, China; (C.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Yingzi Wang
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.W.); (M.F.); (W.P.); (X.Z.); (X.X.); (B.H.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.W.); (M.F.); (W.P.); (X.Z.); (X.X.); (B.H.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Wuzhou Institute of Agricultural, Wuzhou 543003, China; (C.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Shuxian Cai
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.W.); (M.F.); (W.P.); (X.Z.); (X.X.); (B.H.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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23
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Abouelasrar Salama S, Gouwy M, Van Damme J, Struyf S. The turning away of serum amyloid A biological activities and receptor usage. Immunology 2021; 163:115-127. [PMID: 33315264 PMCID: PMC8114209 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute-phase protein (APP) to which multiple immunological functions have been attributed. Regardless, the true biological role of SAA remains poorly understood. SAA is remarkably conserved in mammalian evolution, thereby suggesting an important biological function. Since its discovery in the 1970s, the majority of researchers have investigated SAA using recombinant forms made available through bacterial expression. Nevertheless, recent studies indicate that these recombinant forms of SAA are unreliable. Indeed, commercial SAA variants have been shown to be contaminated with bacterial products including lipopolysaccharides and lipoproteins. As such, biological activities and receptor usage (TLR2, TLR4) revealed through the use of commercial SAA variants may not reflect the inherent nature of this APP. Within this review, we discuss the biological effects of SAA that have been demonstrated through more solid experimental approaches. SAA takes part in the innate immune response via the recruitment of leucocytes and executes, through pathogen recognition, antimicrobial activity. Knockout animal models implicate SAA in a range of functions, such as regulation of T-cell-mediated responses and monopoiesis. Moreover, through its structural motifs, not only does SAA function as an extracellular matrix protein, but it also binds extracellular matrix proteins. Finally, we here also provide an overview of definite SAA receptor-mediated functions and highlight those that are yet to be validated. The role of FPR2 in SAA-mediated leucocyte recruitment has been confirmed; nevertheless, SAA has been linked to a range of other receptors including CD36, SR-BI/II, RAGE and P2RX7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abouelasrar Salama
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Gouwy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jo Van Damme
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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24
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Chait A, Wang S, Goodspeed L, Gomes D, Turk KE, Wietecha T, Tang J, Storey C, O'Brien KD, Rubinow KB, Tang C, Vaisar T, Gharib SA, Lusis AJ, Den Hartigh LJ. Sexually Dimorphic Relationships Among Saa3 (Serum Amyloid A3), Inflammation, and Cholesterol Metabolism Modulate Atherosclerosis in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:e299-e313. [PMID: 33761762 PMCID: PMC8159856 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Chait
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (A.C., S.W., L.G., D.G., K.E.T., J.T., C.S., K.B.R., C.T., T.V., L.J.D.H.), University of Washington, Seattle
- Diabetes Institute (A.C., S.W., L.G., D.G., K.E.T., T.W., J.T., C.S., K.D.O., K.B.R., C.T., T.V., L.J.D.H.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Shari Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (A.C., S.W., L.G., D.G., K.E.T., J.T., C.S., K.B.R., C.T., T.V., L.J.D.H.), University of Washington, Seattle
- Diabetes Institute (A.C., S.W., L.G., D.G., K.E.T., T.W., J.T., C.S., K.D.O., K.B.R., C.T., T.V., L.J.D.H.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Leela Goodspeed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (A.C., S.W., L.G., D.G., K.E.T., J.T., C.S., K.B.R., C.T., T.V., L.J.D.H.), University of Washington, Seattle
- Diabetes Institute (A.C., S.W., L.G., D.G., K.E.T., T.W., J.T., C.S., K.D.O., K.B.R., C.T., T.V., L.J.D.H.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Diego Gomes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (A.C., S.W., L.G., D.G., K.E.T., J.T., C.S., K.B.R., C.T., T.V., L.J.D.H.), University of Washington, Seattle
- Diabetes Institute (A.C., S.W., L.G., D.G., K.E.T., T.W., J.T., C.S., K.D.O., K.B.R., C.T., T.V., L.J.D.H.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Katherine E Turk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (A.C., S.W., L.G., D.G., K.E.T., J.T., C.S., K.B.R., C.T., T.V., L.J.D.H.), University of Washington, Seattle
- Diabetes Institute (A.C., S.W., L.G., D.G., K.E.T., T.W., J.T., C.S., K.D.O., K.B.R., C.T., T.V., L.J.D.H.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Tomasz Wietecha
- Diabetes Institute (A.C., S.W., L.G., D.G., K.E.T., T.W., J.T., C.S., K.D.O., K.B.R., C.T., T.V., L.J.D.H.), University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (T.W., K.D.O.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Jingjing Tang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (A.C., S.W., L.G., D.G., K.E.T., J.T., C.S., K.B.R., C.T., T.V., L.J.D.H.), University of Washington, Seattle
- Diabetes Institute (A.C., S.W., L.G., D.G., K.E.T., T.W., J.T., C.S., K.D.O., K.B.R., C.T., T.V., L.J.D.H.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Carl Storey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (A.C., S.W., L.G., D.G., K.E.T., J.T., C.S., K.B.R., C.T., T.V., L.J.D.H.), University of Washington, Seattle
- Diabetes Institute (A.C., S.W., L.G., D.G., K.E.T., T.W., J.T., C.S., K.D.O., K.B.R., C.T., T.V., L.J.D.H.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Kevin D O'Brien
- Diabetes Institute (A.C., S.W., L.G., D.G., K.E.T., T.W., J.T., C.S., K.D.O., K.B.R., C.T., T.V., L.J.D.H.), University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (T.W., K.D.O.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Katya B Rubinow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (A.C., S.W., L.G., D.G., K.E.T., J.T., C.S., K.B.R., C.T., T.V., L.J.D.H.), University of Washington, Seattle
- Diabetes Institute (A.C., S.W., L.G., D.G., K.E.T., T.W., J.T., C.S., K.D.O., K.B.R., C.T., T.V., L.J.D.H.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Chongren Tang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (A.C., S.W., L.G., D.G., K.E.T., J.T., C.S., K.B.R., C.T., T.V., L.J.D.H.), University of Washington, Seattle
- Diabetes Institute (A.C., S.W., L.G., D.G., K.E.T., T.W., J.T., C.S., K.D.O., K.B.R., C.T., T.V., L.J.D.H.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (A.C., S.W., L.G., D.G., K.E.T., J.T., C.S., K.B.R., C.T., T.V., L.J.D.H.), University of Washington, Seattle
- Diabetes Institute (A.C., S.W., L.G., D.G., K.E.T., T.W., J.T., C.S., K.D.O., K.B.R., C.T., T.V., L.J.D.H.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Sina A Gharib
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Computational Medicine Core, Department of Medicine, Center for Lung Biology (S.A.G.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles (A.J.L.)
| | - Laura J Den Hartigh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (A.C., S.W., L.G., D.G., K.E.T., J.T., C.S., K.B.R., C.T., T.V., L.J.D.H.), University of Washington, Seattle
- Diabetes Institute (A.C., S.W., L.G., D.G., K.E.T., T.W., J.T., C.S., K.D.O., K.B.R., C.T., T.V., L.J.D.H.), University of Washington, Seattle
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25
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Reardon CA. Saa3 Deficiency Identifies a Sexually Dimorphic Effect on Atherosclerosis That May Be Mediated In Part by Alterations in Trem2 Expression in Macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1890-1892. [PMID: 33951939 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Reardon
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Ben May Institute for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, IL (C.A.R.)
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26
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Han CY, Kang I, Harten IA, Gebe JA, Chan CK, Omer M, Alonge KM, den Hartigh LJ, Gomes Kjerulf D, Goodspeed L, Subramanian S, Wang S, Kim F, Birk DE, Wight TN, Chait A. Adipocyte-Derived Versican and Macrophage-Derived Biglycan Control Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Obesity. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107818. [PMID: 32610121 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by adipose tissue inflammation. Because proteoglycans regulate inflammation, here we investigate their role in adipose tissue inflammation in obesity. We find that adipose tissue versican and biglycan increase in obesity. Versican is produced mainly by adipocytes and biglycan by adipose tissue macrophages. Both proteoglycans are also present in adipose tissue from obese human subjects undergoing gastric bypass surgery. Deletion of adipocyte-specific versican or macrophage-specific biglycan in mice reduces macrophage accumulation and chemokine and cytokine expression, although only adipocyte-specific versican deletion leads to sustained improvement in glucose tolerance. Macrophage-derived biglycan activates inflammatory genes in adipocytes. Versican expression increases in cultured adipocytes exposed to excess glucose, and adipocyte-conditioned medium stimulates inflammation in resident peritoneal macrophages, in part because of a versican breakdown product, versikine. These findings provide insights into the role of adipocyte- and macrophage-derived proteoglycans in adipose tissue inflammation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yeop Han
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Inkyung Kang
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ingrid A Harten
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John A Gebe
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christina K Chan
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mohamed Omer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kimberly M Alonge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura J den Hartigh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Diego Gomes Kjerulf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Leela Goodspeed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Savitha Subramanian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shari Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Francis Kim
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David E Birk
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alan Chait
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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27
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Michailidou Z, Gomez-Salazar M, Alexaki VI. Innate Immune Cells in the Adipose Tissue in Health and Metabolic Disease. J Innate Immun 2021; 14:4-30. [PMID: 33849008 DOI: 10.1159/000515117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, are characterized by chronic low-grade tissue and systemic inflammation. During obesity, the adipose tissue undergoes immunometabolic and functional transformation. Adipose tissue inflammation is driven by innate and adaptive immune cells and instigates insulin resistance. Here, we discuss the role of innate immune cells, that is, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, natural killer cells, innate lymphoid type 2 cells, dendritic cells, and mast cells, in the adipose tissue in the healthy (lean) and diseased (obese) state and describe how their function is shaped by the obesogenic microenvironment, and humoral, paracrine, and cellular interactions. Moreover, we particularly outline the role of hypoxia as a central regulator in adipose tissue inflammation. Finally, we discuss the long-lasting effects of adipose tissue inflammation and its potential reversibility through drugs, caloric restriction, or exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Michailidou
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Gomez-Salazar
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Vasileia Ismini Alexaki
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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28
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pediatric obese asthma is a complex disease that remains poorly understood. The increasing worldwide incidence of both asthma and obesity over the last few decades, their current high prevalence and the challenges in treating obese asthmatic patients all highlight the importance of a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms in obese asthma. While it is well established that patients with obesity are at an increased risk of developing asthma, the mechanisms by which obesity drives the onset of asthma, and modifies existing asthma, remain unclear. Here, we will focus on mechanisms by which obesity alters immune function in asthma. RECENT FINDINGS Lung parenchyma has an altered structure in some pediatric obese asthmatics, known as dysanapsis. Central adiposity is linked to reduced pulmonary function and a better predictor of asthma risk in children than BMI. Obesity in young children is associated with an increased risk of developing asthma, as well as early puberty, and hormonal alterations are implicated in obese asthma. Obesity and asthma each yield immunometabolic dysregulation separately and we are learning more about alterations in these pathways in pediatric obese asthma and the potential impact of bariatric surgery on those processes. SUMMARY The recent progress in clarifying the connections between childhood obesity and asthma and their combined impacts on immune function moves us closer to the goals of improved understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning obese asthma and improved therapeutic target selection. However, this common inflammatory disease remains understudied, especially in children, and much remains to be learned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceire Hay
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy Immunology, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sarah E. Henrickson
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy Immunology, Philadelphia, PA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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29
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The Association between Early-Life Gut Microbiota and Long-Term Health and Diseases. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10030459. [PMID: 33504109 PMCID: PMC7865818 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life gut microbiota have been increasingly recognized as major contributors to short and/or long-term human health and diseases. Numerous studies have demonstrated that human gut microbial colonization begins at birth, but continues to develop a succession of taxonomic abundances for two to three years until the gut microbiota reaches adult-like diversity and proportions. Several factors, including gestational age (GA), delivery mode, birth weight, feeding types, antibiotic exposure, maternal microbiome, and diet, influence the diversity, abundance, and function of early life gut microbiota. Gut microbial life is essential for assisting with the digestion of food substances to release nutrients, exerting control over pathogens, stimulating or modulating the immune system, and influencing many systems such as the liver, brain, and endocrine system. Microbial metabolites play multiple roles in these interactions. Furthermore, studies provide evidence supporting that imbalances of the gut microbiota in early life, referred to as dysbiosis, are associated with specific childhood or adult disease outcomes, such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, diabetes, allergic diseases, obesity, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and neurological disorders. These findings support that the human gut microbiota may play a fundamental role in the risk of acquiring diseases that may be programmed during early life. In fact, it is critical to explore the role of the human gut microbiota in early life.
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30
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Identification and characterization of dynamically regulated hepatitis-related genes in a concanavalin A-induced liver injury model. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:23187-23199. [PMID: 33221747 PMCID: PMC7746381 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Concanavalin A (ConA)-induced liver damage of mice is a well-established murine model mimicking the human autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). However, the pathogenic genes of the liver injury remain to be revealed. Methods: Using time-series liver transcriptome, top dynamic genes were inferred from a set of segmented regression models, and cross-checked by weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). AIH murine models created by ConA were used to verify the in vivo effect of these genes. Results: We identified 115 top dynamic genes, of which most were overlapped with the hub genes determined by WGCNA. The expression of several top dynamic genes including Cd63, Saa3, Slc10a1, Nrxn1, Ugt2a3, were verified in vivo. Further, Cluster determinant 63 (Cd63) knockdown in mice treated with ConA showed significantly less liver pathology and inflammation as well as higher survival rates than the corresponding controls. Conclusion: We have identified the top dynamic genes related to the process of acute liver injury, and highlighted a targeted strategy for Cd63 might have utility for the protection of hepatocellular damage.
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Hall BM, Gleiberman AS, Strom E, Krasnov PA, Frescas D, Vujcic S, Leontieva OV, Antoch MP, Kogan V, Koman IE, Zhu Y, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL, Chernova OB, Gudkov AV. Immune checkpoint protein VSIG4 as a biomarker of aging in murine adipose tissue. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13219. [PMID: 32856419 PMCID: PMC7576241 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is recognized as a major source of systemic inflammation with age, driving age-related tissue dysfunction and pathogenesis. Macrophages (Mφ) are central to these changes yet adipose tissue Mφ (ATMs) from aged mice remain poorly characterized. To identify biomarkers underlying changes in aged adipose tissue, we performed an unbiased RNA-seq analysis of ATMs from young (8-week-old) and healthy aged (80-week-old) mice. One of the genes identified, V-set immunoglobulin-domain-containing 4 (VSIG4/CRIg), encodes a Mφ-associated complement receptor and B7 family-related immune checkpoint protein. Here, we demonstrate that Vsig4 expression is highly upregulated with age in perigonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) in two mouse strains (inbred C57BL/6J and outbred NIH Swiss) independent of gender. The accumulation of VSIG4 was mainly attributed to a fourfold increase in the proportion of VSIG4+ ATMs (13%-52%). In a longitudinal study, VSIG4 expression in gWAT showed a strong correlation with age within a cohort of male and female mice and correlated strongly with physiological frailty index (PFI, a multi-parameter assessment of health) in male mice. Our results indicate that VSIG4 is a novel biomarker of aged murine ATMs. VSIG4 expression was also found to be elevated in other aging tissues (e.g., thymus) and was strongly induced in tumor-adjacent stroma in cases of spontaneous and xenograft lung cancer models. VSIG4 expression was recently associated with cancer and several inflammatory diseases with diagnostic and prognostic potential in both mice and humans. Further investigation is required to determine whether VSIG4-positive Mφ contribute to immunosenescence and/or systemic age-related deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Olga V. Leontieva
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNYUSA
| | - Marina P. Antoch
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNYUSA
| | - Valeria Kogan
- Institute for Translational ResearchAriel UniversityArielIsrael
| | - Igor E. Koman
- Institute for Translational ResearchAriel UniversityArielIsrael
| | - Yi Zhu
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on AgingMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on AgingMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | | | | | - Andrei V. Gudkov
- Everon Biosciences IncBuffaloNYUSA
- Department of Cell Stress BiologyRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNYUSA
- Genome Protection IncBuffaloNYUSA
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Bagchi DP, Nishii A, Li Z, DelProposto JB, Corsa CA, Mori H, Hardij J, Learman BS, Lumeng CN, MacDougald OA. Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates adipose tissue lipogenesis and adipocyte-specific loss is rigorously defended by neighboring stromal-vascular cells. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101078. [PMID: 32919095 PMCID: PMC7554252 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a well-studied endogenous regulator of mesenchymal cell fate determination, promoting osteoblastogenesis and inhibiting adipogenesis. However, emerging genetic evidence in humans links a number of Wnt pathway members to body fat distribution, obesity, and metabolic dysfunction, suggesting that this pathway also functions in adipocytes. Recent studies in mice have uncovered compelling evidence that the Wnt signaling pathway plays important roles in adipocyte metabolism, particularly under obesogenic conditions. However, complexities in Wnt signaling and differences in experimental models and approaches have thus far limited our understanding of its specific roles in this context. METHODS To investigate roles of the canonical Wnt pathway in the regulation of adipocyte metabolism, we generated adipocyte-specific β-catenin (β-cat) knockout mouse and cultured cell models. We used RNA sequencing, ChIP sequencing, and molecular approaches to assess expression of Wnt targets and lipogenic genes. We then used functional assays to evaluate effects of β-catenin deficiency on adipocyte metabolism, including lipid and carbohydrate handling. In mice maintained on normal chow and high-fat diets, we assessed the cellular and functional consequences of adipocyte-specific β-catenin deletion on adipose tissues and systemic metabolism. RESULTS We report that in adipocytes, the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulates de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and fatty acid monounsaturation. Further, β-catenin mediates effects of Wnt signaling on lipid metabolism in part by transcriptional regulation of Mlxipl and Srebf1. Intriguingly, adipocyte-specific loss of β-catenin is sensed and defended by CD45-/CD31- stromal cells to maintain tissue-wide Wnt signaling homeostasis in chow-fed mice. With long-term high-fat diet, this compensatory mechanism is overridden, revealing that β-catenin deletion promotes resistance to diet-induced obesity and adipocyte hypertrophy and subsequent protection from metabolic dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our studies demonstrate that Wnt signaling in adipocytes is required for lipogenic gene expression, de novo lipogenesis, and lipid desaturation. In addition, adipose tissues rigorously defend Wnt signaling homeostasis under standard nutritional conditions, such that stromal-vascular cells sense and compensate for adipocyte-specific loss. These findings underscore the critical importance of this pathway in adipocyte lipid metabolism and adipose tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika P Bagchi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Akira Nishii
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Ziru Li
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Jennifer B DelProposto
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Callie A Corsa
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Hiroyuki Mori
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Julie Hardij
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Brian S Learman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Carey N Lumeng
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Lin A, Liu J, Gong P, Chen Y, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Yu Y. Serum amyloid A inhibits astrocyte migration via activating p38 MAPK. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:254. [PMID: 32861245 PMCID: PMC7456509 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accumulation of astrocytes around senile plaques is one of the pathological characteristics in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Serum amyloid A (SAA), known as a major acute-phase protein, colocalizes with senile plaques in AD patients. Here, we demonstrate the role of SAA in astrocyte migration. METHODS The effects of SAA on astrocyte activation and accumulation around amyloid β (Aβ) deposits were detected in APP/PS1 transgenic mice mated with Saa3-/- mice. SAA expression, astrocyte activation, and colocalization with Aβ deposits were evaluated in mice using immunofluorescence staining and/or Western blotting. The migration of primary cultures of mouse astrocytes and human glioma U251 cells was examined using Boyden chamber assay and scratch-would assay. The actin and microtubule networks, protrusion formation, and Golgi apparatus location in astrocytes were determined using scratch-would assay and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Saa3 expression was significantly induced in aged APP/PS1 transgenic mouse brain. Saa3 deficiency exacerbated astrocyte activation and increased the number of astrocytes around Aβ deposits in APP/PS1 mice. In vitro studies demonstrated that SAA inhibited the migration of primary cultures of astrocytes and U251 cells. Mechanistic studies showed that SAA inhibited astrocyte polarization and protrusion formation via disrupting actin and microtubule reorganization and Golgi reorientation. Inhibition of the p38 MAPK pathway abolished the suppression of SAA on astrocyte migration and polarization. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that increased SAA in the brain of APP/PS1 mice inhibits the migration of astrocytes to amyloid plaques by activating the p38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ping Gong
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yanqing Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Szeto A, Cecati M, Ahmed R, McCabe PM, Mendez AJ. Oxytocin reduces adipose tissue inflammation in obese mice. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:188. [PMID: 32819381 PMCID: PMC7441653 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and adipose tissue expansion is characterized by a chronic state of systemic inflammation that contributes to disease. The neuropeptide, oxytocin, working through its receptor has been shown to attenuate inflammation in sepsis, wound healing, and cardiovascular disease. The current study examined the effects of chronic oxytocin infusions on adipose tissue inflammation in a murine model of obesity, the leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mouse. METHODS The effect of obesity on oxytocin receptor protein and mRNA expression in adipose tissue was evaluated by Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Mice were implanted with osmotic minipumps filled with oxytocin or vehicle for 8 weeks. At study endpoint adipose tissue inflammation was assessed by measurement of cytokine and adipokine mRNA tissue levels, adipocyte size and macrophage infiltration via histopathology, and plasma levels of adiponectin and serum amyloid A as markers of systemic inflammation. RESULTS The expression of adipose tissue oxytocin receptor was increased in obese db/db mice compared to lean controls. In adipose tissue oxytocin infusion reduced adipocyte size, macrophage infiltration, IL-6 and TNFα mRNA expression, and increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory adipokine, adiponectin. In plasma, oxytocin infusion reduced the level of serum amyloid A, a marker of systemic inflammation, and increased circulating adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS In an animal model of obesity and diabetes chronic oxytocin treatment led to a reduction in visceral adipose tissue inflammation and plasma markers of systemic inflammation, which may play a role in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Szeto
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, PO Box 248185, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, USA
| | - Monia Cecati
- Department of Medicine and Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1450 N.W. 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Raisa Ahmed
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, PO Box 248185, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, USA
| | - Philip M McCabe
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, PO Box 248185, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, USA
| | - Armando J Mendez
- Department of Medicine and Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1450 N.W. 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Adaptive Fat Oxidation Is Coupled with Increased Lipid Storage in Adipose Tissue of Female Mice Fed High Dietary Fat and Sucrose. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082233. [PMID: 32726932 PMCID: PMC7469071 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Western diets high in fat and sucrose are associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Although the prevalence of MetS in women is comparable to that in men, metabolic adaptations in females to Western diet have not been reported in preclinical studies. This study investigates the effects of Western diet on risk factors for MetS in female mice. Based on our earlier studies in male mice, we hypothesized that dietary supplementation with extracts of Artemisia dracunculus L. (PMI5011) and Momordica charantia (bitter melon) could affect MetS risk factors in females. Eight-week-old female mice were fed a 10% kcal fat, 17% kcal sucrose diet (LFD); high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFS; 45% kcal fat, 30% kcal sucrose); or HFS diet with PMI5011 or bitter melon for three months. Body weight and adiposity in all HFS groups were greater than the LFD. Total cholesterol level was elevated with the HFS diets along with LDL cholesterol, but triglycerides and free fatty acids were unchanged from the LFD. Over the three month period, female mice responded to the HFS diet by adaptive increases in fat oxidation energy in muscle and liver. This was coupled with increased fat storage in white and brown adipose tissue depots. These responses were enhanced with botanical supplementation and confer protection from ectopic lipid accumulation associated with MetS in female mice fed an HFS diet.
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Chait A, den Hartigh LJ, Wang S, Goodspeed L, Babenko I, Altemeier WA, Vaisar T. Presence of serum amyloid A3 in mouse plasma is dependent on the nature and extent of the inflammatory stimulus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10397. [PMID: 32587356 PMCID: PMC7316782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66898-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A3 (Saa3) derives mainly from extrahepatic tissue and is not detected in plasma from moderately inflamed obese mice. In contrast, it is present in plasma from mice acutely inflamed by injection of high dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To reconcile these differences, we evaluated whether different acute inflammatory stimuli could affect the presence of Saa3 in plasma. Saa3 appeared dose dependently in plasma after LPS injection. In contrast, only very low levels were detected after sterile inflammation with silver nitrate despite levels of Saa1 and Saa2 being comparable to high dose LPS. Saa3 was not detected in plasma following casein administration. Although most Saa3 was found in HDL, a small amount was not lipoprotein associated. Gene expression and proteomic analysis of liver and adipose tissue suggested that a major source of Saa3 in plasma after injection of LPS was adipose tissue rather than liver. We conclude that Saa3 only appears in plasma after induction of acute inflammation by some but not all inflammatory stimuli. These findings are consistent with the observation that Saa3 is not detectable in plasma in more moderate chronic inflammatory states such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Chait
- Divisions of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| | - Laura J den Hartigh
- Divisions of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Shari Wang
- Divisions of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Leela Goodspeed
- Divisions of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Ilona Babenko
- Divisions of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - William A Altemeier
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Divisions of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
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Lio WM, Cercek B, Yano J, Yang W, Ghermezi J, Zhao X, Zhou J, Zhou B, Freeman MR, Chyu KY, Shah PK, Dimayuga PC. Sex as a Determinant of Responses to a Coronary Artery Disease Self-Antigen Identified by Immune-Peptidomics. Front Immunol 2020; 11:694. [PMID: 32373127 PMCID: PMC7187896 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant body of work implicates the adaptive immune response in atherosclerosis, the main underlying cause of coronary artery disease (CAD), yet specific antigens involved remain to be fully identified. The pathobiology of CAD is influenced by sex with many factors that may be involved in the underlying mechanisms. Given the reported sexual dimorphic nature of immune-inflammatory responses, we investigated the influence of sex on potential CAD self-antigens from acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients using immune-precipitation of soluble HLA Class-I/peptide complexes and mass spectrometry. Relevance of identified self-antigens to atherosclerosis, the major underlying cause of CAD, was tested in the apoE–/– atherosclerotic mouse model. Soluble HLA Class-I complexes from ACS patients and self-reported controls were immune-precipitated and subjected to elution, denaturation and size-exclusion to obtain HLA-bound peptides. Peptides were then subjected to mass spectrometry and patient-unique self-peptides were grouped as common to both female and male, or unique to either sex. Three peptides common to both female and male patients (COL6A1, CDSN, and SAA2), and 2 peptides each unique to female (COL1A1 and COL5A2) or male (SAA1 and KRT 9) patients were selected and mouse homologs of the peptides were screened for self-reactive immune responses in apoE–/– mice. The screening step revealed potential sex-influenced immune responses which was associated with differential immune profiles. Based on the frequency in patient plasma, COL6A1, COL5A2, and KRT 9 peptides were then tested in immunization studies. Neither COL5A2 nor KRT 9 peptide immunization resulted in significant effects on atherosclerosis compared to controls. On the other hand, female mice immunized with COL6A1 peptide had significantly reduced atherosclerosis whereas male mice had significantly increased atherosclerosis, associated with differential immune profiles. Our study identified potential self-antigens involved in atherosclerosis using the immune peptidome of CAD patients. Altering self-reactive immune responses to COL6A1 in apoE–/– mice resulted in differential effects on atherosclerosis burden with sex as a determinant of outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Man Lio
- Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bojan Cercek
- Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Juliana Yano
- Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Wei Yang
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan Ghermezi
- Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Xiaoning Zhao
- Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jianchang Zhou
- Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bo Zhou
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael R Freeman
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kuang-Yuh Chyu
- Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Prediman K Shah
- Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Paul C Dimayuga
- Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Chait A, den Hartigh LJ. Adipose Tissue Distribution, Inflammation and Its Metabolic Consequences, Including Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:22. [PMID: 32158768 PMCID: PMC7052117 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 567] [Impact Index Per Article: 141.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays essential roles in maintaining lipid and glucose homeostasis. To date several types of adipose tissue have been identified, namely white, brown, and beige, that reside in various specific anatomical locations throughout the body. The cellular composition, secretome, and location of these adipose depots define their function in health and metabolic disease. In obesity, adipose tissue becomes dysfunctional, promoting a pro-inflammatory, hyperlipidemic and insulin resistant environment that contributes to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Concurrently, similar features that result from adipose tissue dysfunction also promote cardiovascular disease (CVD) by mechanisms that can be augmented by T2DM. The mechanisms by which dysfunctional adipose tissue simultaneously promote T2DM and CVD, focusing on adipose tissue depot-specific adipokines, inflammatory profiles, and metabolism, will be the focus of this review. The impact that various T2DM and CVD treatment strategies have on adipose tissue function and body weight also will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Chait
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Laura J den Hartigh
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Chen M, Lu P, Ma Q, Cao Y, Chen N, Li W, Zhao S, Chen B, Shi J, Sun Y, Shen H, Sun L, Shen J, Liao Q, Zhang Y, Hong J, Gu W, Liu R, Ning G, Wang W, Wang J. CTNNB1/β -catenin dysfunction contributes to adiposity by regulating the cross-talk of mature adipocytes and preadipocytes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaax9605. [PMID: 31934629 PMCID: PMC6949042 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax9605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Overnutrition results in adiposity and chronic inflammation with expansion of white adipose tissue (WAT). However, genetic factors controlling fat mass and adiposity remain largely undetermined. We applied whole-exome sequencing in young obese subjects and identified rare gain-of-function mutations in CTNNB1/β-catenin associated with increased obesity risk. Specific ablation of β-catenin in mature adipocytes attenuated high-fat diet-induced obesity and reduced sWAT mass expansion with less proliferated Pdgfrα+ preadipocytes and less mature adipocytes. Mechanistically, β-catenin regulated the transcription of serum amyloid A3 (Saa3), an adipocyte-derived chemokine, through β-catenin-TCF (T-Cell-Specific Transcription Factor) complex in mature adipocytes, and Saa3 activated macrophages to secrete several factors, including Pdgf-aa, which further promoted the proliferation of preadipocytes, suggesting that β-catenin/Saa3/macrophages may mediate mature adipocyte-preadipocyte cross-talk and fat expansion in sWAT. The identification of β-catenin as a key regulator in fat expansion and human adiposity provides the basis for developing drugs targeting Wnt/β-catenin pathway to combat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maopei Chen
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Lu
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Qinyun Ma
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Cao
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Na Chen
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Li
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoqian Zhao
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Banru Chen
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Shi
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Yingkai Sun
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbin Shen
- Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangdan Sun
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Juan Shen
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qijun Liao
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqiong Gu
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixin Liu
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
- Corresponding author. (R.L.); (G.N.); (W.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Guang Ning
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- Corresponding author. (R.L.); (G.N.); (W.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
- Corresponding author. (R.L.); (G.N.); (W.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
- Corresponding author. (R.L.); (G.N.); (W.W.); (J.W.)
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Funcke JB, Scherer PE. Beyond adiponectin and leptin: adipose tissue-derived mediators of inter-organ communication. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1648-1684. [PMID: 31209153 PMCID: PMC6795086 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r094060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The breakthrough discoveries of leptin and adiponectin more than two decades ago led to a widespread recognition of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Many more adipose tissue-secreted signaling mediators (adipokines) have been identified since then, and much has been learned about how adipose tissue communicates with other organs of the body to maintain systemic homeostasis. Beyond proteins, additional factors, such as lipids, metabolites, noncoding RNAs, and extracellular vesicles (EVs), released by adipose tissue participate in this process. Here, we review the diverse signaling mediators and mechanisms adipose tissue utilizes to relay information to other organs. We discuss recently identified adipokines (proteins, lipids, and metabolites) and briefly outline the contributions of noncoding RNAs and EVs to the ever-increasing complexities of adipose tissue inter-organ communication. We conclude by reflecting on central aspects of adipokine biology, namely, the contribution of distinct adipose tissue depots and cell types to adipokine secretion, the phenomenon of adipokine resistance, and the capacity of adipose tissue to act both as a source and sink of signaling mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Bernd Funcke
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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41
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An T, Zhang J, Lv B, Liu Y, Huang J, Lian J, Wu Y, Gao S, Jiang G. Salvianolic acid B plays an anti-obesity role in high fat diet-induced obese mice by regulating the expression of mRNA, circRNA, and lncRNA. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6506. [PMID: 30842902 PMCID: PMC6397762 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose tissue plays a central role in obesity-related metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), a water-soluble ingredient derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza, has been shown to reduce obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases by suppressing adipogenesis. However, the role of Sal B in white adipose tissue (WAT) is not yet clear. Methods Illumina Hiseq 4000 was used to study the effects of Sal B on the expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) in epididymal white adipose tissue induced by a high fat diet in obese mice. Results RNA-Seq data showed that 234 lncRNAs, 19 circRNAs, and 132 mRNAs were differentially expressed in WAT under Sal B treatment. The up-regulated protein-coding genes in WAT of the Sal B-treated group were involved in the insulin resistance pathway, while the down-regulated genes mainly participated in the IL-17 signaling pathway. Other pathways may play an important role in the formation and differentiation of adipose tissue, such as B cell receptor signaling. Analysis of the lncRNA–mRNA network provides potential targets for lncRNAs in energy metabolism. We speculate that Sal B may serve as a potential therapeutic approach for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian An
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Workers Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Bohan Lv
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yufei Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | | | - Juan Lian
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxiang Wu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sihua Gao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guangjian Jiang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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42
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Dieter BP, Meek RL, Anderberg RJ, Cooney SK, Bergin JL, Zhang H, Nair V, Kretzler M, Brosius FC, Tuttle KR. Serum amyloid A and Janus kinase 2 in a mouse model of diabetic kidney disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211555. [PMID: 30763329 PMCID: PMC6375550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum amyloid A (SAA), a potent inflammatory mediator, and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), an intracellular signaling kinase, are increased by diabetes. The aims were to elucidate: 1) a JAK2-mediated pathway for increased SAA in the kidneys of diabetic mice; 2) a JAK2-SAA pathway for inflammation in podocytes. METHODS Akita diabetic mice (129S6) with podocyte JAK2 overexpression and angiotensin II infusion (4 weeks) were given a JAK1,2 inhibitor (LY03103801, 3 mg/kg/day orally for the last two weeks). Kidneys were immunostained for SAA isoform 3 (SAA3). SAA3 knockout and control mouse podocytes were exposed to advanced glycation end products (AGE) or exogenous SAA with JAK2 inhibition (Tyrphostin AG 490, 50μM). JAK2 activity (phosphorylation, Western blot, 1 hour) and mRNA for SAA3 and associated inflammatory genes (Cxcl5, Ccl2, and Ccl5) were measured by RT-PCR (20 hours). RESULTS SAA3 protein was present throughout the diabetic kidney, and podocyte JAK2 overexpression increased tubulointerstitial SAA3 compared to wild type diabetic controls, 43% versus 14% (p = 0.007); JAK1,2 inhibition attenuated the increase in SAA3 to 15% (p = 0.003). Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (r = 0.49, p = 0.03), mesangial index (r = 0.64, p = 0.001), and glomerulosclerosis score (r = 0.51, p = 0.02) were associated with SAA3 immunostaining scores across mouse groups. Exposing podocytes to AGE or exogenous SAA increased JAK2 activity within one hour and mRNA for associated inflammatory genes after 20 hours. JAK2 inhibition reduced SAA3 mRNA expression in podocytes exposed to AGE or SAA. SAA3 knockout podocytes had >85% lower AGE-induced inflammatory genes. CONCLUSION JAK1,2 inhibition reduced SAA and histological features of DKD in podocyte JAK2-overexpressing mice. In podocytes exposed to a diabetes-like condition, JAK2 inhibition reduced expression of SAA, while SAA knockout blocked expression of associated pro-inflammatory mediators. SAA may promote JAK2-dependent inflammation in the diabetic kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad P. Dieter
- Providence Medical Research Center, Providence Health Care, Spokane, Washington, United States of America
| | - Rick L. Meek
- Providence Medical Research Center, Providence Health Care, Spokane, Washington, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Anderberg
- Providence Medical Research Center, Providence Health Care, Spokane, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sheryl K. Cooney
- Providence Medical Research Center, Providence Health Care, Spokane, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jen L. Bergin
- Providence Medical Research Center, Providence Health Care, Spokane, Washington, United States of America
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Viji Nair
- Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Frank C. Brosius
- Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Katherine R. Tuttle
- Providence Medical Research Center, Providence Health Care, Spokane, Washington, United States of America
- Institute of Translational Health Sciences, Kidney Research Institute, Nephrology Division University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Kanter JE, Goodspeed L, Wang S, Kramer F, Wietecha T, Gomes-Kjerulf D, Subramanian S, O'Brien KD, den Hartigh LJ. 10,12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid-Driven Weight Loss Is Protective against Atherosclerosis in Mice and Is Associated with Alternative Macrophage Enrichment in Perivascular Adipose Tissue. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101416. [PMID: 30282904 PMCID: PMC6213611 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The dietary fatty acid 10,12 conjugated linoleic acid (10,12 CLA) promotes weight loss by increasing fat oxidation, but its effects on atherosclerosis are less clear. We recently showed that weight loss induced by 10,12 CLA in an atherosclerosis-susceptible mouse model with characteristics similar to human metabolic syndrome is accompanied by accumulation of alternatively activated macrophages within subcutaneous adipose tissue. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether 10,12 CLA-mediated weight loss was associated with an atheroprotective phenotype. Male low-density lipoprotein receptor deficient (Ldlr−/−) mice were made obese with 12 weeks of a high-fat, high-sucrose diet feeding (HFHS: 36% fat, 36% sucrose, 0.15% added cholesterol), then either continued on the HFHS diet with or without caloric restriction (CR), or switched to a diet with 1% of the lard replaced by either 9,11 CLA or 10,12 CLA for 8 weeks. Atherosclerosis and lipid levels were quantified at sacrifice. Weight loss in mice following 10,12 CLA supplementation or CR as a weight-matched control group had improved cholesterol and triglyceride levels, yet only the 10,12 CLA-treated mice had improved en face and aortic sinus atherosclerosis. 10,12 CLA-supplemented mice had increased lesion macrophage content, with enrichment of surrounding perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) alternative macrophages, which may contribute to the anti-atherosclerotic effect of 10,12 CLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny E Kanter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Box 358062, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Leela Goodspeed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Box 358062, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Shari Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Box 358062, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Farah Kramer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Box 358062, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Tomasz Wietecha
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Box 358062, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, University of Washington, Box 356422, 1959 Pacific Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Diego Gomes-Kjerulf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Box 358062, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Savitha Subramanian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Box 358062, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Kevin D O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Box 358062, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, University of Washington, Box 356422, 1959 Pacific Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Laura J den Hartigh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Box 358062, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Choudhary S, Santone E, Yee SP, Lorenzo J, Adams DJ, Goetjen A, McCarthy MB, Mazzocca AD, Pilbeam C. Continuous PTH in Male Mice Causes Bone Loss Because It Induces Serum Amyloid A. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2759-2776. [PMID: 29757436 PMCID: PMC6692876 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increased bone resorption is considered to explain why intermittent PTH is anabolic for bone but continuous PTH is catabolic. However, when cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) is absent in mice, continuous PTH becomes anabolic without decreased resorption. In murine bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), serum amyloid A (SAA)3, induced in the hematopoietic lineage by the combination of COX2-produced prostaglandin and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), suppresses PTH-stimulated osteoblast differentiation. To determine whether SAA3 inhibits the anabolic effects of PTH in vivo, wild-type (WT) and SAA3 knockout (KO) mice were infused with PTH. In WT mice, continuous PTH induced SAA3 and was catabolic for bone. In KO mice, PTH was anabolic, increasing trabecular bone, serum markers of bone formation, and osteogenic gene expression. In contrast, PTH increased all measurements associated with bone resorption, as well as COX2 gene expression, similarly in KO and WT mice. SAA1 and SAA2 in humans are likely to have analogous functions to SAA3 in mice. RANKL induced both SAA1 and SAA2 in human bone marrow macrophages in a COX2-dependent manner. PTH stimulated osteogenesis in human BMSCs only when COX2 or RANKL was inhibited. Addition of recombinant SAA1 or SAA2 blocked PTH-stimulated osteogenesis. In summary, SAA3 suppresses the bone formation responses but not the bone resorption responses to PTH in mice, and in the absence of SAA3, continuous PTH is anabolic. In vitro studies in human bone marrow suggest that SAA may be a target for enhancing the therapeutic effects of PTH in treating osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Choudhary
- Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | | | - Sui-Pok Yee
- Department of Cell Biology, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
- Center for Mouse Genome Modification, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Joseph Lorenzo
- Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Douglas J Adams
- Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | | | | | | | - Carol Pilbeam
- Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
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45
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Ather JL, Poynter ME. Serum amyloid A3 is required for normal weight and immunometabolic function in mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192352. [PMID: 29390039 PMCID: PMC5794179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an apolipoprotein that is robustly upregulated in numerous inflammatory diseases and has been implicated as a candidate pro-inflammatory mediator. However, studies comparing endogenous SAAs and recombinant forms of the acute phase protein have generated conflicting data on the function of SAA in immunity. We generated SAA3 knockout mice to evaluate the contribution of SAA3 to immune-mediated disease, and found that mice lacking SAA3 develop adult-onset obesity and metabolic dysfunction along with defects in innate immune development. Mice that lack SAA3 gain more weight, exhibit increased visceral adipose deposition, and develop hepatic steatosis compared to wild-type littermates. Leukocytes from the adipose tissue of SAA3-/- mice express a pro-inflammatory phenotype, and bone marrow derived dendritic cells from mice lacking SAA3 secrete increased levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23, and TNFα in response to LPS compared to cells from wild-type mice. Finally, BMDC lacking SAA3 demonstrate an impaired endotoxin tolerance response and inhibited responses to retinoic acid. Our findings indicate that endogenous SAA3 modulates metabolic and immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Ather
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Matthew E. Poynter
- Vermont Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
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46
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Saa3 is a key mediator of the protumorigenic properties of cancer-associated fibroblasts in pancreatic tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1147-E1156. [PMID: 29351990 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1717802115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by the presence of abundant desmoplastic stroma primarily composed of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). It is generally accepted that CAFs stimulate tumor progression and might be implicated in drug resistance and immunosuppression. Here, we have compared the transcriptional profile of PDGFRα+ CAFs isolated from genetically engineered mouse PDAC tumors with that of normal pancreatic fibroblasts to identify genes potentially implicated in their protumorigenic properties. We report that the most differentially expressed gene, Saa3, a member of the serum amyloid A (SAA) apolipoprotein family, is a key mediator of the protumorigenic activity of PDGFRα+ CAFs. Whereas Saa3-competent CAFs stimulate the growth of tumor cells in an orthotopic model, Saa3-null CAFs inhibit tumor growth. Saa3 also plays a role in the cross talk between CAFs and tumor cells. Ablation of Saa3 in pancreatic tumor cells makes them insensitive to the inhibitory effect of Saa3-null CAFs. As a consequence, germline ablation of Saa3 does not prevent PDAC development in mice. The protumorigenic activity of Saa3 in CAFs is mediated by Mpp6, a member of the palmitoylated membrane protein subfamily of the peripheral membrane-associated guanylate kinases (MAGUK). Finally, we interrogated whether these observations could be translated to a human scenario. Indeed, SAA1, the ortholog of murine Saa3, is overexpressed in human CAFs. Moreover, high levels of SAA1 in the stromal component correlate with worse survival. These findings support the concept that selective inhibition of SAA1 in CAFs may provide potential therapeutic benefit to PDAC patients.
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47
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Tannock LR, De Beer MC, Ji A, Shridas P, Noffsinger VP, den Hartigh L, Chait A, De Beer FC, Webb NR. Serum amyloid A3 is a high density lipoprotein-associated acute-phase protein. J Lipid Res 2017; 59:339-347. [PMID: 29247043 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m080887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a family of acute-phase reactants. Plasma levels of human SAA1/SAA2 (mouse SAA1.1/2.1) can increase ≥1,000-fold during an acute-phase response. Mice, but not humans, express a third relatively understudied SAA isoform, SAA3. We investigated whether mouse SAA3 is an HDL-associated acute-phase SAA. Quantitative RT-PCR with isoform-specific primers indicated that SAA3 and SAA1.1/2.1 are induced similarly in livers (∼2,500-fold vs. ∼6,000-fold, respectively) and fat (∼400-fold vs. ∼100-fold, respectively) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-injected mice. In situ hybridization demonstrated that all three SAAs are produced by hepatocytes. All three SAA isoforms were detected in plasma of LPS-injected mice, although SAA3 levels were ∼20% of SAA1.1/2.1 levels. Fast protein LC analyses indicated that virtually all of SAA1.1/2.1 eluted with HDL, whereas ∼15% of SAA3 was lipid poor/free. After density gradient ultracentrifugation, isoelectric focusing demonstrated that ∼100% of plasma SAA1.1 was recovered in HDL compared with only ∼50% of SAA2.1 and ∼10% of SAA3. Thus, SAA3 appears to be more loosely associated with HDL, resulting in lipid-poor/free SAA3. We conclude that SAA3 is a major hepatic acute-phase SAA in mice that may produce systemic effects during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R Tannock
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.,Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.,Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.,Veterans Affairs Lexington, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Maria C De Beer
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.,Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.,Departments of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Ailing Ji
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.,Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Preetha Shridas
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.,Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.,Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Victoria P Noffsinger
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.,Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Laura den Hartigh
- Department of Medicine University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,University of Washington Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Alan Chait
- Department of Medicine University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,University of Washington Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Frederick C De Beer
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.,Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.,Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Nancy R Webb
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY .,Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.,Veterans Affairs Lexington, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.,Departments of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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48
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Saulnier PJ, Dieter BP, Tanamas SK, McPherson SM, Wheelock KM, Knowler WC, Looker HC, Meek RL, Nelson RG, Tuttle KR. Association of Serum Amyloid A with Kidney Outcomes and All-Cause Mortality in American Indians with Type 2 Diabetes. Am J Nephrol 2017; 46:276-284. [PMID: 28934744 DOI: 10.1159/000481269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum amyloid A (SAA) induces inflammation and apoptosis in kidney cells and is found to be causing the pathologic changes that are associated with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Higher serum SAA concentrations were previously associated with increased risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and death in persons with type 2 diabetes and advanced DKD. We explored the prognostic value of SAA in American Indians with type 2 diabetes without DKD or with early DKD. METHODS SAA concentration was measured in serum samples obtained at the start of follow-up. Multivariate proportional hazards models were employed to examine the magnitude of the risk of ESRD or death across tertiles of SAA concentration after adjustment for traditional risk factors. The C statistic was used to assess the additional predictive value of SAA relative to traditional risk factors. RESULTS Of 256 participants (mean ± SD glomerular filtration rate [iothalamate] = 148 ± 45 mL/min, and median [interquartile range] urine albumin/creatinine = 39 [14-221] mg/g), 76 developed ESRD and 125 died during a median follow-up period of 15.2 and 15.7 years, respectively. After multivariable proportional hazards regression, participants in the 2 highest SAA tertiles together exhibited a 53% lower risk of ESRD (hazard ratio [HR] 0.47, 95% CI 0.29-0.78), and a 30% lower risk of death (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.48-1.02), compared with participants in the lowest SAA tertile, although the lower risk of death was not statistically significant. Addition of SAA to the ESRD model increased the C statistic from 0.814 to 0.815 (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Higher circulating SAA concentration is associated with a reduced risk of ESRD in American Indians with type 2 diabetes.
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Butyrate Reduces HFD-Induced Adipocyte Hypertrophy and Metabolic Risk Factors in Obese LDLr-/-.Leiden Mice. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9070714. [PMID: 28686216 PMCID: PMC5537829 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) has a modulating role in obesity-induced metabolic complications like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) via the production of so-called adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin, and resistin. The adipokines are believed to influence other tissues and to affect insulin resistance, liver function, and to increase the risk of T2DM. In this study, we examined the impact of intervention with the short-chain fatty acid butyrate following a high-fat diet (HFD) on AT function and other metabolic risk factors associated with obesity and T2DM in mice during mid- and late life. In both mid- and late adulthood, butyrate reduced HFD-induced adipocyte hypertrophy and elevations in leptin levels, which were associated with body weight, and cholesterol and triglyceride levels. HFD feeding stimulated macrophage accumulation primarily in epididymal AT in both mid- and late life adult mice, which correlated with liver inflammation in late adulthood. In late-adult mice, butyrate diminished increased insulin levels, which were related to adipocyte size and macrophage content in epididymal AT. These results suggest that dietary butyrate supplementation is able to counteract HFD-induced detrimental changes in AT function and metabolic outcomes in late life. These changes underlie the obesity-induced elevated risk of T2DM, and therefore it is suggested that butyrate has potential to attenuate risk factors associated with obesity and T2DM.
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de Oliveira EM, Visniauskas B, Tufik S, Andersen ML, Chagas JR, Campa A. Serum Amyloid A Production Is Triggered by Sleep Deprivation in Mice and Humans: Is That the Link between Sleep Loss and Associated Comorbidities? Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030311. [PMID: 28335560 PMCID: PMC5372974 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) was recently associated with metabolic endotoxemia, obesity and insulin resistance. Concurrently, insufficient sleep adversely affects metabolic health and is an independent predisposing factor for obesity and insulin resistance. In this study we investigated whether sleep loss modulates SAA production. The serum SAA concentration increased in C57BL/6 mice subjected to sleep restriction (SR) for 15 days or to paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) for 72 h. Sleep restriction also induced the upregulation of Saa1.1/Saa2.1 mRNA levels in the liver and Saa3 mRNA levels in adipose tissue. SAA levels returned to the basal range after 24 h in paradoxical sleep rebound (PSR). Metabolic endotoxemia was also a finding in SR. Increased plasma levels of SAA were also observed in healthy human volunteers subjected to two nights of total sleep deprivation (Total SD), returning to basal levels after one night of recovery. The observed increase in SAA levels may be part of the initial biochemical alterations caused by sleep deprivation, with potential to drive deleterious conditions such as metabolic endotoxemia and weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson M de Oliveira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo SP 05509-000, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Visniauskas
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 925, São Paulo SP 04024-002, Brazil.
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 925, São Paulo SP 04024-002, Brazil.
| | - Monica L Andersen
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 925, São Paulo SP 04024-002, Brazil.
| | - Jair R Chagas
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 925, São Paulo SP 04024-002, Brazil.
| | - Ana Campa
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo SP 05509-000, Brazil.
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