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Bierenbroodspot MJ, Darienko T, de Vries S, Fürst-Jansen JMR, Buschmann H, Pröschold T, Irisarri I, de Vries J. Phylogenomic insights into the first multicellular streptophyte. Curr Biol 2024; 34:670-681.e7. [PMID: 38244543 PMCID: PMC10849092 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Streptophytes are best known as the clade containing the teeming diversity of embryophytes (land plants).1,2,3,4 Next to embryophytes are however a range of freshwater and terrestrial algae that bear important information on the emergence of key traits of land plants. Among these, the Klebsormidiophyceae stand out. Thriving in diverse environments-from mundane (ubiquitous occurrence on tree barks and rocks) to extreme (from the Atacama Desert to the Antarctic)-Klebsormidiophyceae can exhibit filamentous body plans and display remarkable resilience as colonizers of terrestrial habitats.5,6 Currently, the lack of a robust phylogenetic framework for the Klebsormidiophyceae hampers our understanding of the evolutionary history of these key traits. Here, we conducted a phylogenomic analysis utilizing advanced models that can counteract systematic biases. We sequenced 24 new transcriptomes of Klebsormidiophyceae and combined them with 14 previously published genomic and transcriptomic datasets. Using an analysis built on 845 loci and sophisticated mixture models, we establish a phylogenomic framework, dividing the six distinct genera of Klebsormidiophyceae in a novel three-order system, with a deep divergence more than 830 million years ago. Our reconstructions of ancestral states suggest (1) an evolutionary history of multiple transitions between terrestrial-aquatic habitats, with stem Klebsormidiales having conquered land earlier than embryophytes, and (2) that the body plan of the last common ancestor of Klebsormidiophyceae was multicellular, with a high probability that it was filamentous whereas the sarcinoids and unicells in Klebsormidiophyceae are likely derived states. We provide evidence that the first multicellular streptophytes likely lived about a billion years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike J Bierenbroodspot
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Tatyana Darienko
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sophie de Vries
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Janine M R Fürst-Jansen
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; University of Goettingen, Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Goldschmidstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Henrik Buschmann
- University of Applied Sciences Mittweida, Faculty of Applied Computer Sciences and Biosciences, Section Biotechnology and Chemistry, Molecular Biotechnology, Technikumplatz 17, 09648 Mittweida, Germany
| | - Thomas Pröschold
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; University of Innsbruck, Research Department for Limnology, 5310 Mondsee, Austria
| | - Iker Irisarri
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; University of Goettingen, Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Goldschmidstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; Section Phylogenomics, Centre for Molecular Biodiversity Research, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Museum of Nature, Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Jan de Vries
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; University of Goettingen, Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Goldschmidstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
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2
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Zhang Y, Song Z, Zhao H, Chen H, Zhao B. Integrative physiological, transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveals how the roots of two ornamental Hydrangea macrophylla cultivars cope with lead (Pb) toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 910:168615. [PMID: 37984650 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) soil contamination has caused serious ecological and environmental issues. Hydrangea macrophylla is a potential Pb-contaminated soil remediation plant, however, their Pb stress defense mechanism is largely unknown. Here, the physiology, transcriptomic and metabolome of two H. macrophylla cultivars (ML, Pb-sensitive cultivar; JC, Pb-resistant cultivar) under Pb stress were investigated. The results demonstrated that JC performed superiorly, with activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) were 1.25, 2.84, and 1.67 times higher than those of ML after Pb treatment, respectively, and the amount of soluble sugar in JC increased by 231.34 % compared with that in ML. The electrical conductivity (EC) value of the root exudates of JC was 43.71 % lower than that of ML under Pb stress. The non-targeted metabolomics analysis revealed 193 metabolites grouped into nine categories. Pb stress-induced differential expression of the 37 metabolites, among which the major metabolites up-regulated in ML were organic acids, while in JC, these were carbohydrates, fatty acids, organic acids and lipids. The transcriptomic analysis revealed that Pb exposure induced 1075 and 1314 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in JC and ML, respectively. According to the functional annotation results, hub genes were primarily enriched in carbohydrate metabolism, root growth, and plant resistance to external stresses. A conjoint analysis of the two omics indicated that the cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis pathway in JC played an essential role in Pb detoxification. These findings clarify the resistance mechanism of H. macrophylla to Pb stress and open up a new avenue for breeding H. macrophylla Pb-resistant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Zhang
- The College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ziyi Song
- The College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Huiqi Zhao
- The College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Huan Chen
- The College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- The College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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3
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Holzinger A, Plag N, Karsten U, Glaser K. Terrestrial Trentepohlia sp. (Ulvophyceae) from alpine and coastal collection sites show strong desiccation tolerance and broad light and temperature adaptation. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:1539-1553. [PMID: 37291393 PMCID: PMC10590310 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01866-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For the present study, we collected the Ulvophyceae species Trentepohlia aurea from limestone rock near Berchtesgaden, Germany, and the closely related taxa T. umbrina from Tilia cordata tree bark and T. jolithus from concrete wall both in Rostock, Germany. Freshly sampled material stained with Auramine O, DIOC6, and FM 1-43 showed an intact physiological status. Cell walls were depicted with calcofluor white and Carbotrace. When subjected to three repeated and controlled cycles of desiccation over silica gel (~ 10% relative humidity) followed by rehydration, T. aurea recovered about 50% of the initial photosynthetic yield of photosystem II (YII). In contrast, T. umbrina and T. jolithus recovered to 100% of the initial YII. HPLC and GC analysis of compatible solutes found highest proportions of erythritol in T. umbrina and mannitol/arabitol in T. jolithus. The lowest total compatible solute concentrations were detected in T. aurea, while the C/N ratio was highest in this species, indicative of nitrogen limitation. The prominent orange to red coloration of all Trentepohlia was due to extremely high carotenoid to Chl a ratio (15.9 in T. jolithus, 7.8 in T. aurea, and 6.6. in T. umbrina). Photosynthetic oxygen production was positive up to ~ 1500 µmol photons m-2 s-1 with the highest Pmax and alpha values in T. aurea. All strains showed a broad temperature tolerance with optima for gross photosynthesis between 20 and 35 °C. The presented data suggest that all investigated Trentepohlia species are well adapted to their terrestrial lifestyle on exposed to sunlight on a vertical substrate with little water holding capacity. Nevertheless, the three Trentepohlia species differed concerning their desiccation tolerance and compatible solute concentrations. The lower compatible solute contents in T. aurea explain the incomplete recovery of YII after rehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Holzinger
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Niklas Plag
- Applied Phycology and Ecology, University of Rostock, Albert Einstein Strasse 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ulf Karsten
- Applied Phycology and Ecology, University of Rostock, Albert Einstein Strasse 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Karin Glaser
- Applied Phycology and Ecology, University of Rostock, Albert Einstein Strasse 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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Del Campo EM, Gasulla F, Hell AF, González-Hourcade M, Casano LM. Comparative Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses Provide New Insights into the Tolerance to Cyclic Dehydration in a Lichen Phycobiont. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:1725-1739. [PMID: 37039841 PMCID: PMC10497648 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Desiccation tolerance (DT) is relatively frequent in non-vascular plants and green algae. However, it is poorly understood how successive dehydration/rehydration (D/R) cycles shape their transcriptomes and proteomes. Here, we report a comprehensive analysis of adjustments on both transcript and protein profiles in response to successive D/R cycles in Coccomyxa simplex (Csol), isolated from the lichen Solorina saccata. A total of 1833 transcripts and 2332 proteins were differentially abundant as a consequence of D/R; however, only 315 of these transcripts/proteins showed similar trends. Variations in both transcriptomes and proteomes along D/R cycles together with functional analyses revealed an extensive decrease in transcript and protein levels during dehydration, most of them involved in gene expression, metabolism, substance transport, signalling and folding catalysis, among other cellular functions. At the same time, a series of protective transcripts/proteins, such as those related to antioxidant defence, polyol metabolism and autophagy, was upregulated during dehydration. Overall, our results show a transient decrease in most cellular functions as a result of drying and a gradual reactivation of specific cell processes to accommodate the hydration status along successive D/R cycles. This study provides new insights into key mechanisms involved in the DT of Csol and probably other dehydration-tolerant microalgae. In addition, functionally characterising the high number of genes/proteins of unknown functions found in this study may lead to the discovery of new DT mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Del Campo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain.
| | - Francisco Gasulla
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
| | - Aline F Hell
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
- Centre of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC, 09606-070, São Bernardo Do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - María González-Hourcade
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Leonardo M Casano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
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Guo J, Yang Y, Wang T, Wang Y, Zhang X, Min D, Zhang X. Analysis of Raffinose Synthase Gene Family in Bread Wheat and Identification of Drought Resistance and Salt Tolerance Function of TaRS15-3B. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11185. [PMID: 37446364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Raffinose synthase (RS) plays a crucial role in plant growth and development, as well as in responses to biotic stresses and abiotic stresses, yet few studies have been conducted on its role in bread wheat. Therefore, in this study we screened and identified a family of bread wheat raffinose synthase genes based on bread wheat genome information and analyzed their physicochemical properties, phylogenetic evolutionary relationships, conserved structural domains, promoter cis-acting elements, and expression patterns. The BSMV-induced silencing of TaRS15-3B resulted in the bread wheat seedlings being susceptible to drought and salt stress and reduced the expression levels of stress-related and ROS-scavenging genes in bread wheat plants. This further affected the ability of bread wheat to cope with drought and salt stress. In conclusion, this study revealed that the RS gene family in bread wheat plays an important role in plant response to abiotic stresses and that the TaRS15-3B gene can improve the tolerance of transgenic bread wheat to drought and salt stresses, provide directions for the study of other RS gene families in bread wheat, and supply candidate genes for use in molecular breeding of bread wheat for stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiagui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Donghong Min
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
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Khan K, Van Aken O. The colonization of land was a likely driving force for the evolution of mitochondrial retrograde signalling in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:7182-7197. [PMID: 36055768 PMCID: PMC9675596 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Most retrograde signalling research in plants was performed using Arabidopsis, so an evolutionary perspective on mitochondrial retrograde regulation (MRR) is largely missing. Here, we used phylogenetics to track the evolutionary origins of factors involved in plant MRR. In all cases, the gene families can be traced to ancestral green algae or earlier. However, the specific subfamilies containing factors involved in plant MRR in many cases arose during the transition to land. NAC transcription factors with C-terminal transmembrane domains, as observed in the key regulator ANAC017, can first be observed in non-vascular mosses, and close homologs to ANAC017 can be found in seed plants. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are common to eukaryotes, but E-type CDKs that control MRR also diverged in conjunction with plant colonization of land. AtWRKY15 can be traced to the earliest land plants, while AtWRKY40 only arose in angiosperms and AtWRKY63 even more recently in Brassicaceae. Apetala 2 (AP2) transcription factors are traceable to algae, but the ABI4 type again only appeared in seed plants. This strongly suggests that the transition to land was a major driver for developing plant MRR pathways, while additional fine-tuning events have appeared in seed plants or later. Finally, we discuss how MRR may have contributed to meeting the specific challenges that early land plants faced during terrestrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasim Khan
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Chatelain P, Blanchard C, Astier J, Klinguer A, Wendehenne D, Jeandroz S, Rosnoblet C. Reliable reference genes and abiotic stress marker genes in Klebsormidium nitens. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18988. [PMID: 36348043 PMCID: PMC9643330 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23783-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have recently emerged as a key research topic, especially as biological models. Among them, the green alga Klebsormidium nitens, thanks to its particular adaptation to environmental stresses, represents an interesting photosynthetic eukaryote for studying the transition stages leading to the colonization of terrestrial life. The tolerance to different stresses is manifested by changes in gene expression, which can be monitored by quantifying the amounts of transcripts by RT-qPCR. The identification of optimal reference genes for experiment normalization was therefore necessary. In this study, using four statistical algorithms followed by the RankAggreg package, we determined the best reference gene pairs suitable for normalizing RT-qPCR data in K. nitens in response to three abiotic stresses: high salinity, PEG-induced dehydration and heat shock. Based on these reference genes, we were able to identify marker genes in response to the three abiotic stresses in K. nitens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Chatelain
- grid.493090.70000 0004 4910 6615Agroécologie, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Cécile Blanchard
- grid.493090.70000 0004 4910 6615Agroécologie, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Jeremy Astier
- grid.493090.70000 0004 4910 6615Agroécologie, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Agnès Klinguer
- grid.493090.70000 0004 4910 6615Agroécologie, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - David Wendehenne
- grid.493090.70000 0004 4910 6615Agroécologie, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sylvain Jeandroz
- grid.493090.70000 0004 4910 6615Agroécologie, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Claire Rosnoblet
- grid.493090.70000 0004 4910 6615Agroécologie, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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8
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Domozych DS, Bagdan K. The cell biology of charophytes: Exploring the past and models for the future. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1588-1608. [PMID: 35993883 PMCID: PMC9614468 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Charophytes (Streptophyta) represent a diverse assemblage of extant green algae that are the sister lineage to land plants. About 500-600+ million years ago, a charophyte progenitor successfully colonized land and subsequently gave rise to land plants. Charophytes have diverse but relatively simple body plans that make them highly attractive organisms for many areas of biological research. At the cellular level, many charophytes have been used for deciphering cytoskeletal networks and their dynamics, membrane trafficking, extracellular matrix secretion, and cell division mechanisms. Some charophytes live in challenging habitats and have become excellent models for elucidating the cellular and molecular effects of various abiotic stressors on plant cells. Recent sequencing of several charophyte genomes has also opened doors for the dissection of biosynthetic and signaling pathways. While we are only in an infancy stage of elucidating the cell biology of charophytes, the future application of novel analytical methodologies in charophyte studies that include a broader survey of inclusive taxa will enhance our understanding of plant evolution and cell dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaylee Bagdan
- Department of Biology, Skidmore Microscopy Imaging Center, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York 12866, USA
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Bharadwaj PS, Sanchez L, Li D, Enyi D, Van de Poel B, Chang C. The plant hormone ethylene promotes abiotic stress tolerance in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:998267. [PMID: 36340412 PMCID: PMC9632724 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.998267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants are often faced with an array of adverse environmental conditions and must respond appropriately to grow and develop. In angiosperms, the plant hormone ethylene is known to play a protective role in responses to abiotic stress. Here we investigated whether ethylene mediates resistance to abiotic stress in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, one of the most distant land plant relatives of angiosperms. Using existing M. polymorpha knockout mutants of Mpein3, and Mpctr1, two genes in the ethylene signaling pathway, we examined responses to heat, salinity, nutrient deficiency, and continuous far-red light. The Mpein3 and Mpctr1 mutants were previously shown to confer ethylene insensitivity and constitutive ethylene responses, respectively. Using mild or sub-lethal doses of each stress treatment, we found that Mpctr1 mutants displayed stress resilience similar to or greater than the wild type. In contrast, Mpein3 mutants showed less resilience than the wild type. Consistent with ethylene being a stress hormone, we demonstrated that ethylene production is enhanced by each stress treatment. These results suggest that ethylene plays a role in protecting against abiotic stress in M. polymorpha, and that ethylene has likely been conserved as a stress hormone since before the evolutionary divergence of bryophytes from the land plant lineage approximately 450 Ma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka S. Bharadwaj
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Lizbeth Sanchez
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Dongdong Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Divine Enyi
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Bram Van de Poel
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Caren Chang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
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10
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Fürst-Jansen JM, de Vries S, Lorenz M, von Schwartzenberg K, Archibald JM, de Vries J. Submergence of the filamentous Zygnematophyceae Mougeotia induces differential gene expression patterns associated with core metabolism and photosynthesis. PROTOPLASMA 2022; 259:1157-1174. [PMID: 34939169 PMCID: PMC9385824 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01730-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The streptophyte algal class Zygnematophyceae is the closest algal sister lineage to land plants. In nature, Zygnematophyceae can grow in both terrestrial and freshwater habitats and how they do this is an important unanswered question. Here, we studied what happens to the zygnematophyceaen alga Mougeotia sp., which usually occurs in permanent and temporary freshwater bodies, when it is shifted to liquid growth conditions after growth on a solid substrate. Using global differential gene expression profiling, we identified changes in the core metabolism of the organism interlinked with photosynthesis; the latter went hand in hand with measurable impact on the photophysiology as assessed via pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometry. Our data reveal a pronounced change in the overall physiology of the alga after submergence and pinpoint candidate genes that play a role. These results provide insight into the importance of photophysiological readjustment when filamentous Zygnematophyceae transition between terrestrial and aquatic habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine M.R. Fürst-Jansen
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen, Goldschmidtstr. 1, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sophie de Vries
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen, Goldschmidtstr. 1, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Maike Lorenz
- Department of Experimental Phycology and SAG Culture Collection of Algae, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Science, University of Goettingen, Nikolausberger Weg 18, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Klaus von Schwartzenberg
- Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Microalgae and Zygnematophyceae Collection Hamburg (MZCH) and Aquatic Ecophysiology and Phycology, Universität Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany
| | - John M. Archibald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Jan de Vries
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen, Goldschmidtstr. 1, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
- Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
- Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), University of Goettingen, Goldschmidstr. 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
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11
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Serrano-Pérez E, Romero-Losada AB, Morales-Pineda M, García-Gómez ME, Couso I, García-González M, Romero-Campero FJ. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Response to High Light in the Charophyte Alga Klebsormidium nitens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:855243. [PMID: 35599877 PMCID: PMC9121098 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.855243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of the molecular mechanisms, such as high light irradiance resistance, that allowed plant terrestralization is a cornerstone in evolutionary studies since the conquest of land by plants played a pivotal role in life evolution on Earth. Viridiplantae or the green lineage is divided into two clades, Chlorophyta and Streptophyta, that in turn splits into Embryophyta or land plants and Charophyta. Charophyta are used in evolutionary studies on plant terrestralization since they are generally accepted as the extant algal species most closely related to current land plants. In this study, we have chosen the facultative terrestrial early charophyte alga Klebsormidium nitens to perform an integrative transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis under high light in order to unveil key mechanisms involved in the early steps of plants terrestralization. We found a fast chloroplast retrograde signaling possibly mediated by reactive oxygen species and the inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase (SAL1) and 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphate (PAP) pathways inducing gene expression and accumulation of specific metabolites. Systems used by both Chlorophyta and Embryophyta were activated such as the xanthophyll cycle with an accumulation of zeaxanthin and protein folding and repair mechanisms constituted by NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductases, thioredoxin-disulfide reductases, and peroxiredoxins. Similarly, cyclic electron flow, specifically the pathway dependent on proton gradient regulation 5, was strongly activated under high light. We detected a simultaneous co-activation of the non-photochemical quenching mechanisms based on LHC-like stress related (LHCSR) protein and the photosystem II subunit S that are specific to Chlorophyta and Embryophyta, respectively. Exclusive Embryophyta systems for the synthesis, sensing, and response to the phytohormone auxin were also activated under high light in K. nitens leading to an increase in auxin content with the concomitant accumulation of amino acids such as tryptophan, histidine, and phenylalanine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Serrano-Pérez
- Microalgae Systems Biology and Biotechnology Research Group, Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Universidad de Sevilla – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana B. Romero-Losada
- Microalgae Systems Biology and Biotechnology Research Group, Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Universidad de Sevilla – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - María Morales-Pineda
- Microalgae Systems Biology and Biotechnology Research Group, Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Universidad de Sevilla – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - M. Elena García-Gómez
- Microalgae Systems Biology and Biotechnology Research Group, Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Universidad de Sevilla – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Couso
- Microalgae Systems Biology and Biotechnology Research Group, Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Universidad de Sevilla – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Mercedes García-González
- Microalgae Systems Biology and Biotechnology Research Group, Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Universidad de Sevilla – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Romero-Campero
- Microalgae Systems Biology and Biotechnology Research Group, Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Universidad de Sevilla – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francisco J. Romero-Campero,
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12
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Gechev T, Lyall R, Petrov V, Bartels D. Systems biology of resurrection plants. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6365-6394. [PMID: 34390381 PMCID: PMC8558194 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03913-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant species that exhibit vegetative desiccation tolerance can survive extreme desiccation for months and resume normal physiological activities upon re-watering. Here we survey the recent knowledge gathered from the sequenced genomes of angiosperm and non-angiosperm desiccation-tolerant plants (resurrection plants) and highlight some distinct genes and gene families that are central to the desiccation response. Furthermore, we review the vast amount of data accumulated from analyses of transcriptomes and metabolomes of resurrection species exposed to desiccation and subsequent rehydration, which allows us to build a systems biology view on the molecular and genetic mechanisms of desiccation tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsanko Gechev
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 139 Ruski Blvd., Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria.
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, 24 Tsar Assen Str., Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria.
| | - Rafe Lyall
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 139 Ruski Blvd., Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Veselin Petrov
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 139 Ruski Blvd., Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
- Department of Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Genetics, Agricultural University - Plovdiv, 12, Mendeleev Str, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
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13
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Van AT, Sommer V, Glaser K. The Ecophysiological Performance and Traits of Genera within the Stichococcus-like Clade (Trebouxiophyceae) under Matric and Osmotic Stress. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1816. [PMID: 34576715 PMCID: PMC8472729 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in water balance are some of the most critical challenges that aeroterrestrial algae face. They have a wide variety of mechanisms to protect against osmotic stress, including, but not limited to, downregulating photosynthesis, the production of compatible solutes, spore and akinete formation, biofilms, as well as triggering structural cellular changes. In comparison, algae living in saline environments must cope with ionic stress, which has similar effects on the physiology as desiccation in addition to sodium and chloride ion toxicity. These environmental challenges define ecological niches for both specialist and generalist algae. One alga known to be aeroterrestrial and euryhaline is Stichococcus bacillaris Nägeli, possessing the ability to withstand both matric and osmotic stresses, which may contribute to wide distribution worldwide. Following taxonomic revision of Stichococcus into seven lineages, we here examined their physiological responses to osmotic and matric stress through a salt growth challenge and desiccation experiment. The results demonstrate that innate compatible solute production capacity under salt stress and desiccation tolerance are independent of one another, and that salt tolerance is more variable than desiccation tolerance in the Stichococcus-like genera. Furthermore, algae within this group likely occupy similar ecological niches, with the exception of Pseudostichococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Tu Van
- Institute for Biological Sciences, Applied Ecology and Phycology, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (V.S.); (K.G.)
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Guo J, Zhang Y, Mo J, Sun H, Li Q. Sulfamethoxazole-Altered Transcriptomein Green Alga Raphidocelis subcapitata Suggests Inhibition of Translation and DNA Damage Repair. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:541451. [PMID: 34349730 PMCID: PMC8326373 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.541451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Occurrence of sulfonamide antibiotics has been reported in surface waters with the exposures ranging from < 1 ng L–1 to approximately 11 μg L–1, which may exert adverse effects on non-target algal species, inhibiting algal growth and further hindering the delivery of several ecosystem services. Yet the molecular mechanisms of sulfonamide in algae remain undetermined. The aims of the present work are: (1) to test the hypothesis whether sulfamethoxazole (SMX) inhibits the folate biosynthesis in a model green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata; and (2) to explore the effects of SMX at an environmentally relevant concentration on algal health. Here, transcriptomic analysis was applied to investigate the changes at the molecular levels in R. subcapitata treated with SMX at the concentrations of 5 and 300 μg L–1. After 7-day exposure, the algal density in the 5 μg L–1 group was not different from that in the controls, whereas a marked reduction of 63% in the high SMX group was identified. Using the adj p < 0.05 and absolute log2 fold change > 1 as a cutoff, we identified 1 (0 up- and 1 downregulated) and 1,103 (696 up- and 407 downregulated) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the 5 and 300 μg L–1 treatment groups, respectively. This result suggested that SMX at an environmentally relevant exposure may not damage algal health. In the 300 μg L–1 group, DEGs were primarily enriched in the DNA replication and repair, photosynthesis, and translation pathways. Particularly, the downregulation of base and nucleotide excision repair pathways suggested that SMX may be genotoxic and cause DNA damage in alga. However, the folate biosynthesis pathway was not enriched, suggesting that SMX does not necessarily inhibit the algal growth via its mode of action in bacteria. Taken together, this study revealed the molecular mechanism of action of SMX in algal growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiezhang Mo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haotian Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Gasulla F, del Campo EM, Casano LM, Guéra A. Advances in Understanding of Desiccation Tolerance of Lichens and Lichen-Forming Algae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:807. [PMID: 33923980 PMCID: PMC8073698 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lichens are symbiotic associations (holobionts) established between fungi (mycobionts) and certain groups of cyanobacteria or unicellular green algae (photobionts). This symbiotic association has been essential in the colonization of terrestrial dry habitats. Lichens possess key mechanisms involved in desiccation tolerance (DT) that are constitutively present such as high amounts of polyols, LEA proteins, HSPs, a powerful antioxidant system, thylakoidal oligogalactolipids, etc. This strategy allows them to be always ready to survive drastic changes in their water content. However, several studies indicate that at least some protective mechanisms require a minimal time to be induced, such as the induction of the antioxidant system, the activation of non-photochemical quenching including the de-epoxidation of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin, lipid membrane remodeling, changes in the proportions of polyols, ultrastructural changes, marked polysaccharide remodeling of the cell wall, etc. Although DT in lichens is achieved mainly through constitutive mechanisms, the induction of protection mechanisms might allow them to face desiccation stress in a better condition. The proportion and relevance of constitutive and inducible DT mechanisms seem to be related to the ecology at which lichens are adapted to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Gasulla
- Department of Life Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28802 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.d.C.); (L.M.C.)
| | | | | | - Alfredo Guéra
- Department of Life Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28802 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.d.C.); (L.M.C.)
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BERBERT JULIANAM, OLIVEIRA KARENA, MARTIN RAFAELAF, CENTENO DANILOC. DESICCATION–REHYDRATION STRESS REVEALED BY SUGAR-METABOLITE-RESERVE MODEL. J BIOL SYST 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s0218339021400052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We focus on the evaluation of photosynthetic organisms. Some species and tissues can endure periods of the dry season because they rely on a robust dynamics of metabolites. The metabolic dynamics are complex and challenging to address because it involves several steps, usually with hundreds of metabolites. The metabolites densities vary among species and tissues and respond to external conditions, such as an environmental stimulus like water supply. Understanding these responses, particularly the desiccation–rehydration processes, are important both economically and evolutionarily, especially in the presence of climate change. Therefore, we propose a new way to analyze the dynamics of metabolites with a compartmental model which explores the metabolites densities’ dependence on water explicitly. We use a mathematical formulation to model the dynamics among three essential metabolites classes: sugar ([Formula: see text]), active metabolite ([Formula: see text]), and reserve accumulation ([Formula: see text]). Through stability analysis and numerical solutions, we characterize regions on the phase space, defined by the transition rates between the classes [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text], where the system diverges or approaches zero. We show that different species and tissues respond distinctly to desiccation processes, being more or less resilient according to the transitions rate between the compartments of the model. Furthermore, the effects of water supply fluctuation, due to the desiccation–rehydration processes, show that unless the organism has a robust reservoir metabolism, the system cannot support itself for a long time. Many results corroborate experimental observations, and others provide a new perspective on the studies of metabolic dynamics, such as the significance of the reservoir metabolism. We understand that knowing the organism’s response to abiotic changes, particularly that of the water supply, may improve our management of the use of these organisms, for example, in the crop field during climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- JULIANA M. BERBERT
- Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - KAREN A. OLIVEIRA
- Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - RAFAELA F. MARTIN
- Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - DANILO C. CENTENO
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
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Žárský J, Žárský V, Hanáček M, Žárský V. Cryogenian Glacial Habitats as a Plant Terrestrialisation Cradle - The Origin of the Anydrophytes and Zygnematophyceae Split. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:735020. [PMID: 35154170 PMCID: PMC8829067 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.735020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
For tens of millions of years (Ma), the terrestrial habitats of Snowball Earth during the Cryogenian period (between 720 and 635 Ma before present-Neoproterozoic Era) were possibly dominated by global snow and ice cover up to the equatorial sublimative desert. The most recent time-calibrated phylogenies calibrated not only on plants but on a comprehensive set of eukaryotes indicate that within the Streptophyta, multicellular charophytes (Phragmoplastophyta) evolved in the Mesoproterozoic to the early Neoproterozoic. At the same time, Cryogenian is the time of the likely origin of the common ancestor of Zygnematophyceae and Embryophyta and later, also of the Zygnematophyceae-Embryophyta split. This common ancestor is proposed to be called Anydrophyta; here, we use anydrophytes. Based on the combination of published phylogenomic studies and estimated diversification time comparisons, we deem it highly likely that anydrophytes evolved in response to Cryogenian cooling. Also, later in the Cryogenian, secondary simplification of multicellular anydrophytes and loss of flagella resulted in Zygnematophyceae diversification as an adaptation to the extended cold glacial environment. We propose that the Marinoan geochemically documented expansion of first terrestrial flora has been represented not only by Chlorophyta but also by Streptophyta, including the anydrophytes, and later by Zygnematophyceae, thriving on glacial surfaces until today. It is possible that multicellular early Embryophyta survived in less abundant (possibly relatively warmer) refugia, relying more on mineral substrates, allowing the retention of flagella-based sexuality. The loss of flagella and sexual reproduction by conjugation evolved in Zygnematophyceae and zygomycetous fungi during the Cryogenian in a remarkably convergent way. Thus, we support the concept that the important basal cellular adaptations to terrestrial environments were exapted in streptophyte algae for terrestrialization and propose that this was stimulated by the adaptation to glacial habitats dominating the Cryogenian Snowball Earth. Including the glacial lifestyle when considering the rise of land plants increases the parsimony of connecting different ecological, phylogenetic, and physiological puzzles of the journey from aquatic algae to terrestrial floras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Žárský
- CryoEco Research Group, Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Jakub Žárský,
| | - Vojtěch Žárský
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Martin Hanáček
- Polar-Geo-Lab, Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Regional Museum in Jeseník, Jeseník, Czechia
| | - Viktor Žárský
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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de Vries J, Ischebeck T. Ties between Stress and Lipid Droplets Pre-date Seeds. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:1203-1214. [PMID: 32921563 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Seeds were a key evolutionary innovation. These durable structures provide a concerted solution to two challenges on land: dispersal and stress. Lipid droplets (LDs) that act as nutrient storage reservoirs are one of the main cell-biological reasons for seed endurance. Although LDs are key structures in spermatophytes and are especially abundant in seeds, they are found across plants and algae, and increase during stress. Further, the proteins that underpin their form and function often have deep homologs. We propose an evolutionary scenario in which (i) the generation of LDs arose as a mechanism to mediate general drought and desiccation resilience, and (ii) the required protein framework was co-opted by spermatophytes for a seed-specific program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan de Vries
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstrasse 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), 37077 Goettingen, Germany; University of Goettingen, Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Goldschmidtstrasse 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Till Ischebeck
- University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), 37077 Goettingen, Germany; University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
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Guo J, Bai Y, Chen Z, Mo J, Li Q, Sun H, Zhang Q. Transcriptomic analysis suggests the inhibition of DNA damage repair in green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata exposed to roxithromycin. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110737. [PMID: 32505758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Macrolide antibiotics are common contaminants in the aquatic environment. They are toxic to a wide range of primary producers, inhibiting the algal growth and further hindering the delivery of several ecosystem services. Yet the molecular mechanisms of macrolides in algae remain undetermined. The objectives of this study were therefore to: 1. evaluate whether macrolides at the environmentally relevant level inhibit the growth of algae; and 2. test the hypothesis that macrolides bind to ribosome and inhibit protein translocation in algae, as it does in bacteria. In this study, transcriptomic analysis was applied to elucidate the toxicological mechanism in a model green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata treated with 5 and 90 μg L-1 of a typical macrolide roxithromycin (ROX). While exposure to ROX at 5 μg L-1 for 7 days did not affect algal growth and the transciptome, ROX at 90 μg L-1 resulted in 45% growth inhibition and 2306 (983 up- and 1323 down-regulated) DEGs, which were primarily enriched in the metabolism of energy, lipid, vitamins, and DNA replication and repair pathways. Nevertheless, genes involved in pathways in relation to translation and protein translocation and processing were dysregulated. Surprisingly, we found that genes involved in the base excision repair process were mostly repressed, suggesting that ROX may be genotoxic and cause DNA damage in R. subcapitata. Taken together, ROX was unlikely to pose a threat to green algae in the environment and the mode of action of macrolides in bacteria may not be directly extrapolated to green algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Yi Bai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Jiezhang Mo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Qi Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Haotian Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.
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20
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Shared up-regulation and contrasting down-regulation of gene expression distinguish desiccation-tolerant from intolerant green algae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:17438-17445. [PMID: 32636259 PMCID: PMC7382218 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1906904117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Among green plants, desiccation tolerance is common in seeds and spores but rare in leaves and other vegetative green tissues. Over the last two decades, genes have been identified whose expression is induced by desiccation in diverse, desiccation-tolerant (DT) taxa, including, e.g., late embryogenesis abundant proteins (LEA) and reactive oxygen species scavengers. This up-regulation is observed in DT resurrection plants, mosses, and green algae most closely related to these Embryophytes. Here we test whether this same suite of protective genes is up-regulated during desiccation in even more distantly related DT green algae, and, importantly, whether that up-regulation is unique to DT algae or also occurs in a desiccation-intolerant relative. We used three closely related aquatic and desert-derived green microalgae in the family Scenedesmaceae and capitalized on extraordinary desiccation tolerance in two of the species, contrasting with desiccation intolerance in the third. We found that during desiccation, all three species increased expression of common protective genes. The feature distinguishing gene expression in DT algae, however, was extensive down-regulation of gene expression associated with diverse metabolic processes during the desiccation time course, suggesting a switch from active growth to energy-saving metabolism. This widespread downshift did not occur in the desiccation-intolerant taxon. These results show that desiccation-induced up-regulation of expression of protective genes may be necessary but is not sufficient to confer desiccation tolerance. The data also suggest that desiccation tolerance may require induced protective mechanisms operating in concert with massive down-regulation of gene expression controlling numerous other aspects of metabolism.
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21
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Caisová L. Draparnaldia: a chlorophyte model for comparative analyses of plant terrestrialization. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3305-3313. [PMID: 32100007 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that land plants evolved from streptophyte algae. However, there are also many chlorophytes (a sister group of streptophyte algae and land plants) that moved to terrestrial habitats and even resemble mosses. This raises the question of why no land plants evolved from chlorophytes. In order to better understand what enabled streptophyte algae to conquer the land, it is necessary to study the chlorophytes as well. This review will introduce the freshwater filamentous chlorophyte alga Draparnaldia sp. (Chaetophorales, Chlorophyceae) as a model for comparative analyses between these two lineages. It will also focus on current knowledge about the evolution of morphological complexity in chlorophytes versus streptophytes and their respective morphological/behavioural adaptations to semi-terrestrial habitats, and will show why Draparnaldia is needed as a new model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Caisová
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, UK
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22
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Fürst-Jansen JMR, de Vries S, de Vries J. Evo-physio: on stress responses and the earliest land plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3254-3269. [PMID: 31922568 PMCID: PMC7289718 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Embryophytes (land plants) can be found in almost any habitat on the Earth's surface. All of this ecologically diverse embryophytic flora arose from algae through a singular evolutionary event. Traits that were, by their nature, indispensable for the singular conquest of land by plants were those that are key for overcoming terrestrial stressors. Not surprisingly, the biology of land plant cells is shaped by a core signaling network that connects environmental cues, such as stressors, to the appropriate responses-which, thus, modulate growth and physiology. When did this network emerge? Was it already present when plant terrestrialization was in its infancy? A comparative approach between land plants and their algal relatives, the streptophyte algae, allows us to tackle such questions and resolve parts of the biology of the earliest land plants. Exploring the biology of the earliest land plants might shed light on exactly how they overcame the challenges of terrestrialization. Here, we outline the approaches and rationale underlying comparative analyses towards inferring the genetic toolkit for the stress response that aided the earliest land plants in their conquest of land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine M R Fürst-Jansen
- University of Göttingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sophie de Vries
- Population Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan de Vries
- University of Göttingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Göttingen, Germany
- University of Göttingen, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Göttingen, Germany
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23
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Arc E, Pichrtová M, Kranner I, Holzinger A. Pre-akinete formation in Zygnema sp. from polar habitats is associated with metabolite re-arrangement. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3314-3322. [PMID: 32147713 PMCID: PMC7289716 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In streptophytic green algae in the genus Zygnema, pre-akinete formation is considered a key survival strategy under extreme environmental conditions in alpine and polar regions. The transition from young, dividing cells to pre-akinetes is associated with morphological changes and the accumulation of storage products. Understanding the underlying metabolic changes could provide insights into survival strategies in polar habitats. Here, GC-MS-based metabolite profiling was used to study the metabolic signature associated with pre-akinete formation in Zygnema sp. from polar regions under laboratory conditions, induced by water and nutrient depletion, or collected in the field. Light microscopy and TEM revealed drastic changes in chloroplast morphology and ultrastructure, degradation of starch grains, and accumulation of lipid bodies in pre-akinetes. Accordingly, the metabolite profiles upon pre-akinete formation reflected a gradual shift in metabolic activity. Compared with young cells, pre-akinetes showed an overall reduction in primary metabolites such as amino acids and intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, consistent with a lower metabolic turnover, while they accumulated lipids and oligosaccharides. Overall, the transition to the pre-akinete stage involves re-allocation of photosynthetically fixed energy into storage instead of growth, supporting survival of extreme environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwann Arc
- University of Innsbruck, Department of Botany, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martina Pichrtová
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ilse Kranner
- University of Innsbruck, Department of Botany, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- University of Innsbruck, Department of Botany, Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence:
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24
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Becker B, Feng X, Yin Y, Holzinger A. Desiccation tolerance in streptophyte algae and the algae to land plant transition: evolution of LEA and MIP protein families within the Viridiplantae. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3270-3278. [PMID: 32107542 PMCID: PMC7289719 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The present review summarizes the effects of desiccation in streptophyte green algae, as numerous experimental studies have been performed over the past decade particularly in the early branching streptophyte Klebsormidium sp. and the late branching Zygnema circumcarinatum. The latter genus gives its name to the Zygenmatophyceae, the sister group to land plants. For both organisms, transcriptomic investigations of desiccation stress are available, and illustrate a high variability in the stress response depending on the conditions and the strains used. However, overall, the responses of both organisms to desiccation stress are very similar to that of land plants. We highlight the evolution of two highly regulated protein families, the late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins and the major intrinsic protein (MIP) family. Chlorophytes and streptophytes encode LEA4 and LEA5, while LEA2 have so far only been found in streptophyte algae, indicating an evolutionary origin in this group. Within the MIP family, a high transcriptomic regulation of a tonoplast intrinsic protein (TIP) has been found for the first time outside the embryophytes in Z. circumcarinatum. The MIP family became more complex on the way to terrestrialization but simplified afterwards. These observations suggest a key role for water transport proteins in desiccation tolerance of streptophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xuehuan Feng
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Yanbin Yin
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- University of Innsbruck, Department of Botany, Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence:
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25
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Borchhardt N, Gründling-Pfaff S. Ecophysiological Response Against Temperature in Klebsormidium (Streptophyta) Strains Isolated From Biological Soil Crusts of Arctic and Antarctica Indicate Survival During Global Warming. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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26
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Míguez F, Holzinger A, Fernandez-Marin B, García-Plazaola JI, Karsten U, Gustavs L. Ecophysiological changes and spore formation: two strategies in response to low-temperature and high-light stress in Klebsormidium cf. flaccidum (Klebsormidiophyceae, Streptophyta) 1. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2020; 56:649-661. [PMID: 31957017 PMCID: PMC7612455 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Members of the cosmopolitan streptophycean genus Klebsormidium live in various habitats, including sand dunes and polar/alpine environments. To survive in these harsh conditions they must possess an array of adaptive physiological and structural mechanisms, for example, to deal with chilling and photochilling stresses. Since these mechanisms have not been studied in detail, the objectives of this study were (i) to determine the physiological and biochemical responses of Klebsormidium cf. flaccidum (K. cf. flaccidum) to chilling (low temperature [LT]) and photochilling (LT in combination with high light [HL]) stresses; and (ii) to understand the cross-link between biochemical parameters and cellular ultrastructural changes. The results indicated that 5°C is a temperature threshold (i.e., at 5°C) but not at higher temperatures, physiological changes were observed (Fv /Fm and ETR decreased and energy-partitioning distribution changed, with an increase in Y[NPQ] under LT and an increase in Y[NO] under HL-LT). Also, pigment contents changed significantly, with increased concentrations of photoprotective pigments such as antheraxanthin, zeaxanthin, and total carotenes. All of these responses occurred under LT and, to a greater extent, under LT-HL, indicating that the two stresses (temperature and light) are additive. The cold treatment applied here induced the formation of spores under both LL and HL. The degree of photoinhibition was higher in spores than in vegetative cells, indicating that spores are less susceptible to photodamage. This study demonstrated a broad acclimation potential in different developmental stages of K. cf. flaccidum, which helps to explain the ecological success of this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Beatriz Fernandez-Marin
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Leioa, Spain; Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, University of La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Canarias, Spain
| | | | - Ulf Karsten
- Applied Ecology and Phycology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Lydia Gustavs
- Applied Ecology and Phycology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany; Project Management Julich, Schweriner Str. 44, D-18069 Rostock, Germany
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27
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Wong GKS, Soltis DE, Leebens-Mack J, Wickett NJ, Barker MS, Van de Peer Y, Graham SW, Melkonian M. Sequencing and Analyzing the Transcriptomes of a Thousand Species Across the Tree of Life for Green Plants. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 71:741-765. [PMID: 31851546 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042916-041040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The 1,000 Plants (1KP) initiative was the first large-scale effort to collect next-generation sequencing (NGS) data across a phylogenetically representative sampling of species for a major clade of life, in this case theViridiplantae, or green plants. As an international multidisciplinary consortium, we focused on plant evolution and its practical implications. Among the major outcomes were the inference of a reference species tree for green plants by phylotranscriptomic analysis of low-copy genes, a survey of paleopolyploidy (whole-genome duplications) across the Viridiplantae, the inferred evolutionary histories for many gene families and biological processes, the discovery of novel light-sensitive proteins for optogenetic studies in mammalian neuroscience, and elucidation of the genetic network for a complex trait (C4 photosynthesis). Altogether, 1KP demonstrated how value can be extracted from a phylodiverse sequencing data set, providing a template for future projects that aim to generate even more data, including complete de novo genomes, across the tree of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gane Ka-Shu Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada;
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Douglas E Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Jim Leebens-Mack
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Norman J Wickett
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, Illinois 60022, USA
| | - Michael S Barker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Sean W Graham
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Michael Melkonian
- Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45141 Essen, Germany
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28
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Liang Z, Geng Y, Ji C, Du H, Wong CE, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Riaz A, Chachar S, Ding Y, Wen J, Wu Y, Wang M, Zheng H, Wu Y, Demko V, Shen L, Han X, Zhang P, Gu X, Yu H. Mesostigma viride Genome and Transcriptome Provide Insights into the Origin and Evolution of Streptophyta. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1901850. [PMID: 31921561 PMCID: PMC6947507 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The Streptophyta include unicellular and multicellular charophyte green algae and land plants. Colonization of the terrestrial habitat by land plants is a major evolutionary event that has transformed the planet. So far, lack of genome information on unicellular charophyte algae hinders the understanding of the origin and the evolution from unicellular to multicellular life in Streptophyta. This work reports the high-quality reference genome and transcriptome of Mesostigma viride, a single-celled charophyte alga with a position at the base of Streptophyta. There are abundant segmental duplications and transposable elements in M. viride, which contribute to a relatively large genome with high gene content compared to other algae and early diverging land plants. This work identifies the origin of genetic tools that multicellular Streptophyta have inherited and key genetic innovations required for the evolution of land plants from unicellular aquatic ancestors. The findings shed light on the age-old questions of the evolution of multicellularity and the origin of land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liang
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of SingaporeSingapore117543Singapore
| | - Yuke Geng
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China
| | - Changmian Ji
- Biomarker TechnologiesBeijing101300China
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou571101China
| | - Hai Du
- College of Agronomy and BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China
| | - Chui Eng Wong
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of SingaporeSingapore117543Singapore
| | - Qian Zhang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China
| | - Pingxian Zhang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China
| | - Adeel Riaz
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China
| | - Sadaruddin Chachar
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China
| | - Yike Ding
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of California RiversideRiversideCA92521USA
| | - Jing Wen
- College of Agronomy and BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China
| | - Yunwen Wu
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China
- College of Agronomy and BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China
| | | | | | - Yanmin Wu
- College of Agronomy and BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China
| | - Viktor Demko
- Department of Plant PhysiologyFaculty of Natural SciencesComenius University in BratislavaBratislava84215Slovakia
| | - Lisha Shen
- Temasek Life Sciences LaboratoryNational University of SingaporeSingapore117604Singapore
| | - Xiao Han
- College of Biological Science and EngineeringFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China
| | - Pengpeng Zhang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China
| | - Xiaofeng Gu
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of SingaporeSingapore117543Singapore
- Temasek Life Sciences LaboratoryNational University of SingaporeSingapore117604Singapore
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29
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Sajjad S, Ha JS, Seo SH, Yoon TS, Oh HM, Lee HG, Kang S. Differential proteomic analyses of green microalga Ettlia sp. at various dehydration levels. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 146:198-210. [PMID: 31756606 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Water deprivation could be a lethal stress for aquatic and aero-terrestrial organisms. Ettlia sp. is a unicellular photosynthetic freshwater microalga. In the present study, proteomic alterations and physiological characteristics of Ettlia sp. were analyzed to comprehend the molecular changes in dehydrated conditions. Varying levels of dehydration were achieved by incubating drained Ettlia sp. in different relative humidity environments for 24 hours. Using a comparative proteomic analysis, 52 differentially expressed protein spots were identified that could be divided into eight functional groups. The PCA analysis of normalized protein expression values demonstrated a clear segregation of protein expression profiles among different dehydration levels. Identified proteins could be grouped into four clusters based on their expression profiles. Proteins relating to photosynthesis comprised the largest group with 25% of the identified proteins that were decreased in dehydrated samples and belonged to cluster I. The photosynthetic activities were measured with rehydrated Ettlia sp. These results revealed that photosynthesis remained inhibited over extended time in response to dehydration. The expressions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger proteins increased in strong dehydration and were assigned to cluster III. Carbon metabolism proteins were suppressed, which might limit energy consumption, whereas glycolysis was activated at mild dehydration. The accumulation of desiccation-associated late embryogenesis proteins might inhibit the aggregation of housekeeping proteins. DNA protective proteins were expressed higher in the dehydrated state, which might reduce DNA damage, and membrane-stabilizing proteins increased in abundance in desiccation. These findings provide an understanding of Ettlia's adaptation and survival capabilities in a dehydrated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Sajjad
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-San Ha
- Cell Factory Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hyun Seo
- Cell Factory Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Haengdang 1-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sung Yoon
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Mock Oh
- Cell Factory Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Gwan Lee
- Cell Factory Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunghyun Kang
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Liu S, Hu ZM, Zhang Q, Yang X, Critchley AT, Duan D. PI signal transduction and ubiquitination respond to dehydration stress in the red seaweed Gloiopeltis furcata under successive tidal cycles. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:516. [PMID: 31771523 PMCID: PMC6880600 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intermittent dehydration caused by tidal changes is one of the most important abiotic factors that intertidal seaweeds must cope with in order to retain normal growth and reproduction. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms for the adaptation of red seaweeds to repeated dehydration-rehydration cycles remain poorly understood. RESULTS We chose the red seaweed Gloiopeltis furcata as a model and simulated natural tidal changes with two consecutive dehydration-rehydration cycles occurring over 24 h in order to gain insight into key molecular pathways and regulation of genes which are associated with dehydration tolerance. Transcription sequencing assembled 32,681 uni-genes (GC content = 55.32%), of which 12,813 were annotated. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) divided all transcripts into 20 modules, with Coral2 identified as the key module anchoring dehydration-induced genes. Pathways enriched analysis indicated that the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis pathway (UPP) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) signaling system were crucial for a successful response in G. furcata. Network-establishing and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) suggested that genes encoding ubiquitin-protein ligase E3 (E3-1), SUMO-activating enzyme sub-unit 2 (SAE2), calmodulin (CaM) and inositol-1,3,4-trisphosphate 5/6-kinase (ITPK) were the hub genes which responded positively to two successive dehydration treatments. Network-based interactions with hub genes indicated that transcription factor (e.g. TFIID), RNA modification (e.g. DEAH) and osmotic adjustment (e.g. MIP, ABC1, Bam1) were related to these two pathways. CONCLUSIONS RNA sequencing-based evidence from G. furcata enriched the informational database for intertidal red seaweeds which face periodic dehydration stress during the low tide period. This provided insights into an increased understanding of how ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and the phosphatidylinositol signaling system help seaweeds responding to dehydration-rehydration cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071 People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071 People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi-Min Hu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071 People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071 People’s Republic of China
| | - Quansheng Zhang
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071 People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071 People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Alan T. Critchley
- Verschuren Centre for Sustainability in Energy and Environment, University of Cape Breton, Sydney, Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Delin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071 People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071 People’s Republic of China
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Shi J, Wang W, Lin Y, Xu K, Xu Y, Ji D, Chen C, Xie C. Insight into transketolase of Pyropia haitanensis under desiccation stress based on integrative analysis of omics and transformation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:475. [PMID: 31694541 PMCID: PMC6836531 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyropia haitanensis, distributes in the intertidal zone, can tolerate water losses exceeding 90%. However, the mechanisms enabling P. haitanensis to survive harsh conditions remain uncharacterized. To elucidate the mechanism underlying P. haitanensis desiccation tolerance, we completed an integrated analysis of its transcriptome and proteome as well as transgenic Chlamydomonas reinhardtii carrying a P. haitanensis gene. RESULTS P. haitanensis rapidly adjusted its physiological activities to compensate for water losses up to 60%, after which, photosynthesis, antioxidant systems, chaperones, and cytoskeleton were activated to response to severe desiccation stress. The integrative analysis suggested that transketolase (TKL) was affected by all desiccation treatments. Transgenic C. reinhardtii cells overexpressed PhTKL grew better than the wild-type cells in response to osmotic stress. CONCLUSION P. haitanensis quickly establishes acclimatory homeostasis regarding its transcriptome and proteome to ensure its thalli can recover after being rehydrated. Additionally, PhTKL is vital for P. haitanensis desiccation tolerance. The present data may provide new insights for the breeding of algae and plants exhibiting enhanced desiccation tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhi Shi
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021 China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen, 361021 China
| | - Wenlei Wang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021 China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen, 361021 China
| | - Yinghui Lin
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021 China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen, 361021 China
| | - Kai Xu
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021 China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen, 361021 China
| | - Yan Xu
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021 China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen, 361021 China
| | - Dehua Ji
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021 China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen, 361021 China
| | - Changsheng Chen
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021 China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen, 361021 China
| | - Chaotian Xie
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021 China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen, 361021 China
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32
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Panahi B, Frahadian M, Dums JT, Hejazi MA. Integration of Cross Species RNA-seq Meta-Analysis and Machine-Learning Models Identifies the Most Important Salt Stress-Responsive Pathways in Microalga Dunaliella. Front Genet 2019; 10:752. [PMID: 31555319 PMCID: PMC6727038 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic microalgae are potentially yielding sources of different high-value secondary metabolites. Salinity is a complex stress that influences various metabolite-related pathways in microalgae. To obtain a clear view of the underlying metabolic pathways and resolve contradictory information concerning the transcriptional regulation of Dunaliella species in salt stress conditions, RNA-seq meta-analysis along with systems levels analysis was conducted. A p-value combination technique with Fisher method was used for cross species meta-analysis on the transcriptomes of two Dunaliella salina and Dunaliellatertiolecta species. The potential functional impacts of core meta-genes were surveyed based on gene ontology and network analysis. In the current study, the integration of supervised machine-learning algorithms with RNA-seq meta-analysis was performed. The analysis shows that the lipid and nitrogen metabolism, structural proteins of photosynthesis apparatus, chaperone-mediated autophagy, and ROS-related genes are the keys and core elements of the Dunaliella salt stress response system. Cross-talk between Ca2+ signal transduction, lipid accumulation, and ROS signaling network in salt stress conditions are also proposed. Our novel approach opens new avenues for better understanding of microalgae stress response mechanisms and for selection of candidate gene targets for metabolite production in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Panahi
- Department of Genomics, Branch for Northwest & West region, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Frahadian
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jacob T Dums
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Mohammad Amin Hejazi
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Branch for Northwest & West region, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tabriz, Iran
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Rippin M, Borchhardt N, Karsten U, Becker B. Cold Acclimation Improves the Desiccation Stress Resilience of Polar Strains of Klebsormidium (Streptophyta). Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1730. [PMID: 31447802 PMCID: PMC6691101 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are complex communities of autotrophic, heterotrophic, and saprotrophic (micro)organisms. In the polar regions, these biocrust communities have essential ecological functions such as primary production, nitrogen fixation, and ecosystem engineering while coping with extreme environmental conditions (temperature, desiccation, and irradiation). The microalga Klebsormidium is commonly found in BSCs all across the globe. The ecophysiological resilience of various Klebsormidium species to desiccation and other stresses has been studied intensively. Here we present the results of transcriptomic analyses of two different Klebsormidium species, K. dissectum and K. flaccidum, isolated from Antarctic and Arctic BSCs. We performed desiccation stress experiments at two different temperatures mimicking fluctuations associated with global change. Cultures grown on agar plates were desiccated on membrane filters at 10% relative air humidity until the photosynthetic activity as reflected in the effective quantum yield of photosystem II [Y(II)] ceased. For both species, the response to dehydration was much faster at the higher temperature. At the transcriptome level both species responded more strongly to the desiccation stress at the higher temperature suggesting that adaptation to cold conditions enhanced the resilience of both algae to desiccation stress. Interestingly, the two different species responded differently to the applied desiccation stress with respect to the number as well as function of genes showing differential gene expression. The portion of differentially expressed genes shared between both taxa was surprisingly low indicating that both Klebsormidium species adapted independently to the harsh conditions of Antarctica and the Arctic, respectively. Overall, our results indicate that environmental acclimation has a great impact on gene expression and the response to desiccation stress in Klebsormidium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rippin
- Department of Biology, Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Ulf Karsten
- Department of Biology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Burkhard Becker
- Department of Biology, Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Hell AF, Gasulla F, Gonzï Lez-Hourcade MA, Del Campo EM, Centeno DC, Casano LM. Tolerance to Cyclic Desiccation in Lichen Microalgae is Related to Habitat Preference and Involves Specific Priming of the Antioxidant System. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1880-1891. [PMID: 31127294 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a crucial challenge for lichens exposed to cyclic desiccation and rehydration (D/R). However, strategies to overcome this potential stress are still being unraveled. Therefore, the physiological performance and antioxidant mechanisms of two lichen microalgae, Trebouxia sp. (TR9) and Coccomyxa simplex (Csol), were analyzed. TR9 was isolated from Ramalina farinacea, a Mediterranean fruticose epiphytic lichen adapted to xeric habitats, while Csol is the phycobiont of Solorina saccata, a foliaceous lichen that grows on humid rock crevices. The tolerance to desiccation of both species was tested by subjecting them to different drying conditions and to four consecutive daily cycles of D/R. Our results show that a relative humidity close to that of their habitats was crucial to maintain the photosynthetic rates. Concerning antioxidant enzymes, in general, manganese superoxide dismutases (MnSODs) were induced after desiccation and decreased after rehydration. In TR9, catalase (CAT)-A increased, and its activity was maintained after four cycles of D/R. Ascorbate peroxidase activity was detected only in Csol, while glutathione reductase increased only in TR9. Transcript levels of antioxidant enzymes indicate that most isoforms of MnSOD and FeSOD were induced by desiccation and repressed after rehydration. CAT2 gene expression was also upregulated and maintained at higher levels even after four cycles of D/R in accordance with enzymatic activities. To our knowledge, this is the first study to include the complete set of the main antioxidant enzymes in desiccation-tolerant microalgae. The results highlight the species-specific induction of the antioxidant system during cyclic D/R, suggesting a priming of oxidative defence metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline F Hell
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcal�, Alcal� de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Centre of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC, S�o Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco Gasulla
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcal�, Alcal� de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Eva M Del Campo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcal�, Alcal� de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Danilo C Centeno
- Centre of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC, S�o Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M Casano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcal�, Alcal� de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Darkness-induced effects on gene expression in Cosmarium crenatum (Zygnematophyceae) from a polar habitat. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10559. [PMID: 31332253 PMCID: PMC6646379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Light is a key environmental regulator in all photosynthetic organisms. Many studies focused on the physiologic response to changes in light availability of species from the Zygnematophyceae, but the impact of the absence of light and the molecular acclimation process on the other side have been poorly understood. Here we present transcriptomic analyses of Cosmarium crenatum from a polar habitat exposed to darkness. The algae were cultured in dark for one week; cell number and quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) were monitored. Cell number was stable, but the Fv/Fm decreased in both groups, darkness-treated and control. Gene expression analysis revealed a strong repression of transcripts associated with photosynthesis, photorespiration and cell wall development. General carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were differentially regulated, but starch is shown to be the primary energy source in these conditions. Additionally, C. crenatum induced mRNA responsible for epigenetic modifications which may be a specific response to an adaption and acclimation to polar conditions. Our study sheds light on the molecular acclimation process to darkness and provides ecological implications for new perspectives in this specialized group of green algae.
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Stoyneva-Gärtner M, Uzunov B, Gärtner G, Radkova M, Atanassov I, Atanasova R, Borisova C, Draganova P, Stoykova P. Review on the biotechnological and nanotechnological potential of the streptophyte genus Klebsormidium with pilot data on its phycoprospecting and polyphasic identification in Bulgaria. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1593887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Stoyneva-Gärtner
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Blagoy Uzunov
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Georg Gärtner
- Institut für Botanik, Fakultät für Biologie, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mariana Radkova
- Functional Genetics Legumes Group, AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Atanassov
- Molecular Genetics Group, AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ralitsa Atanasova
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Cvetanka Borisova
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petya Draganova
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petya Stoykova
- Functional Genetics Legumes Group, AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Pierangelini M, Glaser K, Mikhailyuk T, Karsten U, Holzinger A. Light and Dehydration but Not Temperature Drive Photosynthetic Adaptations of Basal Streptophytes (Hormidiella, Streptosarcina and Streptofilum) Living in Terrestrial Habitats. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2019; 77:380-393. [PMID: 29974184 PMCID: PMC6394494 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Streptophyte algae are the ancestors of land plants, and several classes contain taxa that are adapted to an aero-terrestrial lifestyle. In this study, four basal terrestrial streptophytes from the class Klebsormidiophyceae, including Hormidiella parvula; two species of the newly described genus Streptosarcina (S. costaricana and S. arenaria); and the newly described Streptofilum capillatum were investigated for their responses to radiation, desiccation and temperature stress conditions. All the strains showed low-light adaptation (Ik < 70 μmol photons m-2 s-1) but differed in photoprotective capacities (such as non-photochemical quenching). Acclimation to enhanced photon fluence rates (160 μmol photons m-2 s-1) increased photosynthetic performance in H. parvula and S. costaricana but not in S. arenaria, showing that low-light adaptation is a constitutive trait for S. arenaria. This lower-light adaptation of S. arenaria was coupled with a higher desiccation tolerance, providing further evidence that dehydration is a selective force shaping species occurrence in low light. For protection against ultraviolet radiation, all species synthesised and accumulated different amounts of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). Biochemically, MAAs synthesised by Hormidiella and Streptosarcina were similar to MAAs from closely related Klebsormidium spp. but differed in retention time and spectral characteristics in S. capillatum. Unlike the different radiation and dehydration tolerances, Hormidiella, Streptosarcina and Streptofilum displayed preferences for similar thermal conditions. These species showed a temperature dependence of photosynthesis similar to respiration, contrasting with Klebsormidium spp. and highlighting an interspecific diversity in thermal requirements, which could regulate species distributions under temperature changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Pierangelini
- Department of Botany, Functional Plant Biology, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des microalgues, InBioS/Phytosystems, Institut de Botanique, Université de Liège, Liege, 4000, Belgium
| | - Karin Glaser
- Applied Ecology and Phycology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tatiana Mikhailyuk
- M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereschenkivska Str. 2, Kyiv, 01004, Ukraine
| | - Ulf Karsten
- Applied Ecology and Phycology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Department of Botany, Functional Plant Biology, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Fitzek E, Orton L, Entwistle S, Grayburn WS, Ausland C, Duvall MR, Yin Y. Cell Wall Enzymes in Zygnema circumcarinatum UTEX 1559 Respond to Osmotic Stress in a Plant-Like Fashion. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:732. [PMID: 31231410 PMCID: PMC6566377 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Previous analysis of charophyte green algal (CGA) genomes and transcriptomes for specific protein families revealed that numerous land plant characteristics had already evolved in CGA. In this study, we have sequenced and assembled the transcriptome of Zygnema circumcarinatum UTEX 1559, and combined its predicted protein sequences with those of 13 additional species [five embryophytes (Emb), eight charophytes (Cha), and two chlorophytes (Chl) as the outgroup] for a comprehensive comparative genomics analysis. In total 25,485 orthologous gene clusters (OGCs, equivalent to protein families) of the 14 species were classified into nine OGC groups. For example, the Cha+Emb group contains 4,174 OGCs found in both Cha and Emb but not Chl species, representing protein families that have evolved in the common ancestor of Cha and Emb. Different OGC groups were subjected to a Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis with the Chl+Cha+Emb group (including 5,031 OGCs found in Chl and Cha and Emb) as the control. Interestingly, nine of the 20 top enriched GO terms in the Cha+Emb group are cell wall-related, such as biological processes involving celluloses, pectins, lignins, and xyloglucans. Furthermore, three glycosyltransferase families (GT2, 8, 43) were selected for in-depth phylogenetic analyses, which confirmed their presence in UTEX 1559. More importantly, of different CGA groups, only Zygnematophyceae has land plant cellulose synthase (CesA) orthologs, while other charophyte CesAs form a CGA-specific CesA-like (Csl) subfamily (likely also carries cellulose synthesis activity). Quantitative real-time-PCR experiments were performed on selected GT family genes in UTEX 1559. After osmotic stress treatment, significantly elevated expression was found for GT2 family genes ZcCesA, ZcCslC and ZcCslA-like (possibly mannan and xyloglucan synthases, respectively), as well as for GT8 family genes (possibly pectin synthases). All these suggest that the UTEX 1559 cell wall polysaccharide synthesis-related genes respond to osmotic stress in a manner that is similar to land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Fitzek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular and Bioinformatics Center, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, United States
- Department of Computational Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Lauren Orton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular and Bioinformatics Center, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, United States
| | - Sarah Entwistle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular and Bioinformatics Center, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, United States
| | - W. Scott Grayburn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular and Bioinformatics Center, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, United States
| | - Catherine Ausland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular and Bioinformatics Center, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, United States
| | - Melvin R. Duvall
- Department of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular and Bioinformatics Center, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, United States
| | - Yanbin Yin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular and Bioinformatics Center, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, United States
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska – Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- *Correspondence: Yanbin Yin, ;
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39
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Transcriptome approach to address low seed germination in Cyclobalanopsis gilva to save forest ecology. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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An Evolutionarily Conserved Abscisic Acid Signaling Pathway Regulates Dormancy in the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. Curr Biol 2018; 28:3691-3699.e3. [PMID: 30416060 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dormancy is a key process allowing land plants to adapt to changing conditions in the terrestrial habitat, allowing the cessation of growth in response to environmental or physiological cues, entrance into a temporary quiescent state, and subsequent reactivation of growth in more favorable environmental conditions [1-3]. Dormancy may be induced seasonally, sporadically (e.g., in response to drought), or developmentally (e.g., seeds and apical dominance). Asexual propagules, known as gemmae, derived via clonal reproduction in bryophytes, are often dormant until displaced from the parent plant. In the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, gemmae are produced within specialized receptacles, gemma cups, located on the dorsal side of the vegetative thallus [4]. Mature gemmae are detached from the parent plant but may remain in the cup, with gemma growth suppressed as long as the gemmae remain in the gemma cup and the parental plant is alive [5]. Following dispersal of gemmae from gemma cups by rain, the gemmae germinate in the presence of light and moisture, producing clonal offspring [6]. In land plants, the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many aspects of dormancy and water balance [7]. Here, we demonstrate that ABA plays a central role in the control of gemma dormancy as transgenic M. polymorpha gemmae with reduced sensitivity to ABA fail to establish and/or maintain dormancy. Thus, the common ancestor of land plants used the ABA signaling module to regulate germination of progeny in response to environmental cues, with both gemmae and seeds being derived structures co-opting an ancestral response system.
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Sun P, Tang X, Bi G, Xu K, Kong F, Mao Y. Gene expression profiles of Pyropia yezoensis in response to dehydration and rehydration stresses. Mar Genomics 2018; 43:43-49. [PMID: 30279127 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pyropia yezoensis is an economically important marine macroalgae, naturally distributed in the upper intertidal zone. Owing to the nature of its habitat, the thallus will periodically be exposed to seawater or atmosphere, and can lose up to 95% of its cellular water content. This makes the alga an ideal research model to investigate the mechanisms of desiccation tolerance. In this study, we investigated the response mechanisms to dehydration and rehydration stresses at the transcription level in Pyropia yezoensis. The differently expressed genes were analyzed based on the different functions of encoding proteins: effector proteins (chloroplast proteins, macromolecular protective substances, and toxicity degradation enzymes) and regulatory proteins (protein kinases and phosphatases). Under osmotic stress, the unigenes related to photosynthesis were down-regulated significantly while those encoding glutathione transferase, superoxide dismutase and heat shock proteins were up-regulated significantly. We inferred that the photosynthetic activity was reduced to prevent damage caused by photosynthetic by-products and that the expression of antioxidant enzyme was increased to prevent the damage associated with reactive oxygen species. Additionally, unigenes encoding serine/threonine kinases and phospholipases were up-regulated in response to osmotic stress, indicating that these kinases play an important role in osmotolerance. Our work will serve as an essential foundation for the understanding of desiccation tolerance mechanisms in Pyropia yezoensis in the upper intertidal zones of rocky coasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MOE), College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xianghai Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MOE), College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Guiqi Bi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MOE), College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Kuipeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MOE), College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Fanna Kong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MOE), College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Yunxiang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MOE), College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Banchi E, Candotto Carniel F, Montagner A, Petruzzellis F, Pichler G, Giarola V, Bartels D, Pallavicini A, Tretiach M. Relation between water status and desiccation-affected genes in the lichen photobiont Trebouxia gelatinosa. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 129:189-197. [PMID: 29894859 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The relation between water status and expression profiles of desiccation -related genes has been studied in the desiccation tolerant (DT) aeroterrestrial green microalga Trebouxia gelatinosa, a common lichen photobiont. Algal colonies were desiccated in controlled conditions and during desiccation water content (WC) and water potential (Ψ) were measured to find the turgor loss point (Ψtlp). Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to measure the expression of ten genes related to photosynthesis, antioxidant defense, expansins, heat shock proteins (HSPs), and desiccation related proteins in algal colonies collected during desiccation when still at full turgor (WC > 6 g H2O g-1 dry weight), immediately before and after Ψtlp (-4 MPa; WC ∼ 1 g H2O g-1 dry weight) and before and after complete desiccation (WC < 0.01 g H2O g-1 dry weight), quantifying the HSP70 protein levels by immunodetection. Our analysis showed that the expression of eight out of ten genes changed immediately before and after Ψtlp. Interestingly, the expression of five out of ten genes changed also before complete desiccation, i.e. between 0.2 and 0.01 g H2O g-1 dry weight. However, the HSP70 protein levels were not affected by changes in water status. The study provides new evidences of the link between the loss of turgor and the expression of genes related to the desiccation tolerance of T. gelatinosa, suggesting the former as a signal triggering inducible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Banchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Fabio Candotto Carniel
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Alice Montagner
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Francesco Petruzzellis
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Gregor Pichler
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Valentino Giarola
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Dorothea Bartels
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Alberto Pallavicini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Mauro Tretiach
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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Rahman F, Hassan M, Rosli R, Almousally I, Hanano A, Murphy DJ. Evolutionary and genomic analysis of the caleosin/peroxygenase (CLO/PXG) gene/protein families in the Viridiplantae. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196669. [PMID: 29771926 PMCID: PMC5957377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioinformatics analyses of caleosin/peroxygenases (CLO/PXG) demonstrated that these genes are present in the vast majority of Viridiplantae taxa for which sequence data are available. Functionally active CLO/PXG proteins with roles in abiotic stress tolerance and lipid droplet storage are present in some Trebouxiophycean and Chlorophycean green algae but are absent from the small number of sequenced Prasinophyceaen genomes. CLO/PXG-like genes are expressed during dehydration stress in Charophyte algae, a sister clade of the land plants (Embryophyta). CLO/PXG-like sequences are also present in all of the >300 sequenced Embryophyte genomes, where some species contain as many as 10–12 genes that have arisen via selective gene duplication. Angiosperm genomes harbour at least one copy each of two distinct CLO/PX isoforms, termed H (high) and L (low), where H-forms contain an additional C-terminal motif of about 30–50 residues that is absent from L-forms. In contrast, species in other Viridiplantae taxa, including green algae, non-vascular plants, ferns and gymnosperms, contain only one (or occasionally both) of these isoforms per genome. Transcriptome and biochemical data show that CLO/PXG-like genes have complex patterns of developmental and tissue-specific expression. CLO/PXG proteins can associate with cytosolic lipid droplets and/or bilayer membranes. Many of the analysed isoforms also have peroxygenase activity and are involved in oxylipin metabolism. The distribution of CLO/PXG-like genes is consistent with an origin >1 billion years ago in at least two of the earliest diverging groups of the Viridiplantae, namely the Chlorophyta and the Streptophyta, after the Viridiplantae had already diverged from other Archaeplastidal groups such as the Rhodophyta and Glaucophyta. While algal CLO/PXGs have roles in lipid packaging and stress responses, the Embryophyte proteins have a much wider spectrum of roles and may have been instrumental in the colonisation of terrestrial habitats and the subsequent diversification as the major land flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Rahman
- Genomics and Computational Biology Research Group, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, United Kingdom
| | - Mehedi Hassan
- Genomics and Computational Biology Research Group, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, United Kingdom
| | - Rozana Rosli
- Genomics and Computational Biology Research Group, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, United Kingdom
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahem Almousally
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, Syria
| | - Abdulsamie Hanano
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, Syria
| | - Denis J. Murphy
- Genomics and Computational Biology Research Group, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Rippin M, Becker B, Holzinger A. Enhanced Desiccation Tolerance in Mature Cultures of the Streptophytic Green Alga Zygnema circumcarinatum Revealed by Transcriptomics. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:2067-2084. [PMID: 29036673 PMCID: PMC5722205 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Desiccation tolerance is commonly regarded as one of the key features for the colonization of terrestrial habitats by green algae and the evolution of land plants. Extensive studies, focused mostly on physiology, have been carried out assessing the desiccation tolerance and resilience of the streptophytic genera Klebsormidium and Zygnema. Here we present transcriptomic analyses of Zygnema circumcarinatum exposed to desiccation stress. Cultures of Z. circumcarinatum grown in liquid medium or on agar plates were desiccated at ∼86% relative air humidity until the effective quantum yield of PSII [Y(II)] ceased. In general, the response to dehydration was much more pronounced in Z. circumcarinatum cultured in liquid medium for 1 month compared with filaments grown on agar plates for 7 and 12 months. Culture on solid medium enables the alga to acclimate to dehydration much better and an increase in desiccation tolerance was clearly correlated to increased culture age. Moreover, gene expression analysis revealed that photosynthesis was strongly repressed upon desiccation treatment in the liquid culture while only minor effects were detected in filaments cultured on agar plates for 7 months. Otherwise, both samples showed induction of stress protection mechanisms such as reactive oxygen species scavenging (early light-induced proteins, glutathione metabolism) and DNA repair as well as the expression of chaperones and aquaporins. Additionally, Z. circumcarinatum cultured in liquid medium upregulated sucrose-synthesizing enzymes and strongly induced membrane modifications in response to desiccation stress. These results corroborate the previously described hardening and associated desiccation tolerance in Zygnema in response to seasonal fluctuations in water availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rippin
- University of Cologne, Cologne Biocentre, Botanical Institute, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Burkhard Becker
- University of Cologne, Cologne Biocentre, Botanical Institute, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- University of Innsbruck, Department of Botany, Functional Plant Biology, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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45
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Evolutionarily Distant Streptophyta Respond Differently to Genotoxic Stress. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8110331. [PMID: 29149093 PMCID: PMC5704244 DOI: 10.3390/genes8110331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in algae usually focuses on the description and characterization of morpho-and phenotype as a result of adaptation to a particular habitat and its conditions. To better understand the evolution of lineages we characterized responses of filamentous streptophyte green algae of the genera Klebsormidium and Zygnema, and of a land plant-the moss Physcomitrellapatens-to genotoxic stress that might be relevant to their environment. We studied the induction and repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) elicited by the radiomimetic drug bleomycin, DNA single strand breaks (SSB) as consequence of base modification by the alkylation agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and of ultra violet (UV)-induced photo-dimers, because the mode of action of these three genotoxic agents is well understood. We show that the Klebsormidium and Physcomitrella are similarly sensitive to introduced DNA lesions and have similar rates of DSBs repair. In contrast, less DNA damage and higher repair rate of DSBs was detected in Zygnema, suggesting different mechanisms of maintaining genome integrity in response to genotoxic stress. Nevertheless, contrary to fewer detected lesions is Zygnema more sensitive to genotoxic treatment than Klebsormidium and Physcomitrella.
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46
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Sussmilch FC, McAdam SAM. Surviving a Dry Future: Abscisic Acid (ABA)-Mediated Plant Mechanisms for Conserving Water under Low Humidity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 6:E54. [PMID: 29113039 PMCID: PMC5750630 DOI: 10.3390/plants6040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Angiosperms are able to respond rapidly to the first sign of dry conditions, a decrease in air humidity, more accurately described as an increase in the vapor pressure deficit between the leaf and the atmosphere (VPD), by abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated stomatal closure. The genes underlying this response offer valuable candidates for targeted selection of crop varieties with improved drought tolerance, a critical goal for current plant breeding programs, to maximize crop production in drier and increasingly marginalized environments, and meet the demands of a growing population in the face of a changing climate. Here, we review current understanding of the genetic mechanisms underpinning ABA-mediated stomatal closure, a key means for conserving water under dry conditions, examine how these mechanisms evolved, and discuss what remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances C Sussmilch
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia.
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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47
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Pierangelini M, Ryšánek D, Lang I, Adlassnig W, Holzinger A. Terrestrial adaptation of green algae Klebsormidium and Zygnema (Charophyta) involves diversity in photosynthetic traits but not in CO 2 acquisition. PLANTA 2017; 246:971-986. [PMID: 28721563 PMCID: PMC5633629 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The basal streptophyte Klebsormidium and the advanced Zygnema show adaptation to terrestrialization. Differences are found in photoprotection and resistance to short-term light changes, but not in CO 2 acquisition. Streptophyte green algae colonized land about 450-500 million years ago giving origin to terrestrial plants. We aim to understand how their physiological adaptations are linked to the ecological conditions (light, water and CO2) characterizing modern terrestrial habitats. A new Klebsormidium isolate from a strongly acidic environment of a former copper mine (Schwarzwand, Austria) is investigated, in comparison to Klebsormidium cf. flaccidum and Zygnema sp. We show that these genera possess different photosynthetic traits and water requirements. Particularly, the Klebsormidium species displayed a higher photoprotection capacity, concluded from non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and higher tolerance to high light intensity than Zygnema. However, Klebsormidium suffered from photoinhibition when the light intensity in the environment increased rapidly, indicating that NPQ is involved in photoprotection against strong and stable irradiance. Klebsormidium was also highly resistant to cellular water loss (dehydration) under low light. On the other hand, exposure to relatively high light intensity during dehydration caused a harmful over-reduction of the electron transport chain, leading to PSII damages and impairing the ability to recover after rehydration. Thus, we suggest that dehydration is a selective force shaping the adaptation of this species towards low light. Contrary to the photosynthetic characteristics, the inorganic carbon (C i ) acquisition was equivalent between Klebsormidium and Zygnema. Despite their different habitats and restriction to hydro-terrestrial environment, the three organisms showed similar use of CO2 and HCO3- as source of Ci for photosynthesis, pointing out a similar adaptation of their CO2-concentrating mechanisms to terrestrial life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Pierangelini
- Department of Botany, Functional Plant Biology, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Ryšánek
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, 12801, Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v. v. i., Průmyslová 595, 252 42, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ingeborg Lang
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Adlassnig
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Department of Botany, Functional Plant Biology, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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48
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VanBuren R, Wai CM, Zhang Q, Song X, Edger PP, Bryant D, Michael TP, Mockler TC, Bartels D. Seed desiccation mechanisms co-opted for vegetative desiccation in the resurrection grass Oropetium thomaeum. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:2292-2306. [PMID: 28730594 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Resurrection plants desiccate during periods of prolonged drought stress, then resume normal cellular metabolism upon water availability. Desiccation tolerance has multiple origins in flowering plants, and it likely evolved through rewiring seed desiccation pathways. Oropetium thomaeum is an emerging model for extreme drought tolerance, and its genome, which is the smallest among surveyed grasses, was recently sequenced. Combining RNA-seq, targeted metabolite analysis and comparative genomics, we show evidence for co-option of seed-specific pathways during vegetative desiccation. Desiccation-related gene co-expression clusters are enriched in functions related to seed development including several seed-specific transcription factors. Across the metabolic network, pathways involved in programmed cell death inhibition, ABA signalling and others are activated during dehydration. Oleosins and oil bodies that typically function in seed storage are highly abundant in desiccated leaves and may function for membrane stability and storage. Orthologs to seed-specific LEA proteins from rice and maize have neofunctionalized in Oropetium with high expression during desiccation. Accumulation of sucrose, raffinose and stachyose in drying leaves mirrors sugar accumulation patterns in maturing seeds. Together, these results connect vegetative desiccation with existing seed desiccation and drought responsive pathways and provide some key candidate genes for engineering improved drought tolerance in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert VanBuren
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Ching Man Wai
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Qingwei Zhang
- IMBIO, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Xiaomin Song
- IMBIO, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Patrick P Edger
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
- Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Doug Bryant
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | | | - Todd C Mockler
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Dorothea Bartels
- IMBIO, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
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49
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Jian J, Zeng D, Wei W, Lin H, Li P, Liu W. The Combination of RNA and Protein Profiling Reveals the Response to Nitrogen Depletion in Thalassiosira pseudonana. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8989. [PMID: 28827639 PMCID: PMC5566445 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09546-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is essential for the growth of algae, and its concentration varies greatly in the ocean, which has been regarded as a limitation for phytoplankton growth. Despite its great importance, most of the existing studies on the mechanisms underlying the effects of N on diatoms have focused on physiology, biochemistry and a few target genes and have rarely involved whole genomic analyses. Therefore, in this study, we integrated physiological data with RNA and protein profiling data to reveal the response strategy of Thalassiosira pseudonana under N-depleted conditions. Physiological measurements indicated that the cell growth capacity and chlorophyll content of the cells decreased, as did the expression of photosynthesis- and chlorophyll biosynthesis-related genes or proteins. The RNA-Seq profile results showed that T. pseudonana responded to N deprivation through increases in glycolysis, the TCA cycle and N metabolism as well as down-regulation in the Calvin cycle, gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate, oxidative phosphorylation and lipid synthesis. These results provide a basic understanding for further research addressing how N affects phytoplankton in terms of genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Jian
- Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Dezhi Zeng
- Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Hongmin Lin
- Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China.
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China.
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50
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Cai S, Chen G, Wang Y, Huang Y, Marchant DB, Wang Y, Yang Q, Dai F, Hills A, Franks PJ, Nevo E, Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Sessa E, Wolf PG, Xue D, Zhang G, Pogson BJ, Blatt MR, Chen ZH. Evolutionary Conservation of ABA Signaling for Stomatal Closure. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:732-747. [PMID: 28232585 PMCID: PMC5462018 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA)-driven stomatal regulation reportedly evolved after the divergence of ferns, during the early evolution of seed plants approximately 360 million years ago. This hypothesis is based on the observation that the stomata of certain fern species are unresponsive to ABA, but exhibit passive hydraulic control. However, ABA-induced stomatal closure was detected in some mosses and lycophytes. Here, we observed that a number of ABA signaling and membrane transporter protein families diversified over the evolutionary history of land plants. The aquatic ferns Azolla filiculoides and Salvinia cucullata have representatives of 23 families of proteins orthologous to those of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and all other land plant species studied. Phylogenetic analysis of the key ABA signaling proteins indicates an evolutionarily conserved stomatal response to ABA. Moreover, comparative transcriptomic analysis has identified a suite of ABA-responsive genes that differentially expressed in a terrestrial fern species, Polystichum proliferum These genes encode proteins associated with ABA biosynthesis, transport, reception, transcription, signaling, and ion and sugar transport, which fit the general ABA signaling pathway constructed from Arabidopsis and Hordeum vulgare The retention of these key ABA-responsive genes could have had a profound effect on the adaptation of ferns to dry conditions. Furthermore, stomatal assays have shown the primary evidence for ABA-induced closure of stomata in two terrestrial fern species Pproliferum and Nephrolepis exaltata In summary, we report, to our knowledge, new molecular and physiological evidence for the presence of active stomatal control in ferns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengguan Cai
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Guang Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Yuqing Huang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - D Blaine Marchant
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Yizhou Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Qian Yang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Fei Dai
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Adrian Hills
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Peter J Franks
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Eviatar Nevo
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Douglas E Soltis
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Pamela S Soltis
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Emily Sessa
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Paul G Wolf
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Dawei Xue
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Guoping Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Barry J Pogson
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Michael R Blatt
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.)
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.)
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.)
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.)
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.)
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (S.C., G.C., Yu.W., Q.Y., F.D., G.Z., Z.-H.C.);
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia (S.C., Y.H., Z.-H.C.);
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S.);
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (D.B.M., D.E.S., P.S.S., E.S.);
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (Yi.W., A.H., M.R.B.);
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia (P.J.F.);
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel (E.N.);
- Ecology Center and Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (P.G.W.);
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China (D.X.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia (P.J.B.)
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