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Puchi PF, Dalmonech D, Vangi E, Battipaglia G, Tognetti R, Collalti A. Contrasting patterns of water use efficiency and annual radial growth among European beech forests along the Italian peninsula. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6526. [PMID: 38499662 PMCID: PMC11350120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57293-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Tree mortality and forest dieback episodes are increasing due to drought and heat stress. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of mechanisms enabling trees to withstand and survive droughts remains lacking. Our study investigated basal area increment (BAI), and δ13C-derived intrinsic water-use-efficiency (iWUE), to elucidate beech resilience across four healthy stands in Italy with varying climates and soil water availability. Additionally, fist-order autocorrelation (AR1) analysis was performed to detect early warning signals for potential tree dieback risks during extreme drought events. Results reveal a negative link between BAI and vapour pressure deficit (VPD), especially in southern latitudes. After the 2003 drought, BAI decreased at the northern site, with an increase in δ13C and iWUE, indicating conservative water-use. Conversely, the southern sites showed increased BAI and iWUE, likely influenced by rising CO2 and improved water availability. In contrast, the central site sustained higher transpiration rates due to higher soil water holding capacity (SWHC). Despite varied responses, most sites exhibited reduced resilience to future extreme events, indicated by increased AR1. Temperature significantly affected beech iWUE and BAI in northern Italy, while VPD strongly influenced the southern latitudes. The observed increase in BAI and iWUE in southern regions might be attributed to an acclimation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina F Puchi
- Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128, Perugia, Italy.
- Institute of Bioeconomy, Italian National Research Council (CNR-IBE), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Daniela Dalmonech
- Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128, Perugia, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elia Vangi
- Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Battipaglia
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', Caserta, Italy
| | - Roberto Tognetti
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Alessio Collalti
- Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128, Perugia, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133, Palermo, Italy
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Urrutia-Jalabert R, Barichivich J, Szejner P, Rozas V, Lara A. Ecophysiological responses of Nothofagus obliqua forests to recent climate drying across the Mediterranean-Temperate biome transition in south-central Chile. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. BIOGEOSCIENCES 2022; 128:2022jg007293. [PMID: 37484604 PMCID: PMC7614787 DOI: 10.1029/2022jg007293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The forests of south-central Chile are facing a drying climate and a megadrought that started in 2010. This study addressed the physiological responses of five Nothofagus obliqua stands across the Mediterranean-Temperate gradient (35.9 ° -40.3° S) using carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13 C) and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) in tree rings during 1967-2017. Moreover, δ18O was evaluated in the northernmost site to better understand the effects of the megadrought in this drier location. These forests have become more efficient in their use of water. However, trees from the densest stand are discriminating more against 13C, probably due to reduced photosynthetic rates associated with increasing competition. The strongest associations between climate and Δ13C were found in the northernmost stand, suggesting that warmer and drier conditions could have reduced 13C discrimination. Tree growth in this site has not decreased, and δ18O was negatively related to annual rainfall. However, a shift in this relationship was found since 2007, when both precipitation and δ18O decreased, while correlations between δ18O and growth increased. This implies that tree growth and δ18O are coupled in recent years, but precipitation is not the cause, suggesting that trees probably changed their water source to deeper and more depleted pools. Our research demonstrates that forests are not reducing their growth in central Chile, mainly due to a shift towards the use of deeper water sources. Despite a common climate trend across the gradient, there is a non-uniform response of N. obliqua forests to climate drying, being their response site specific. Keywords: Tree rings, stable isotopes, tree physiology, climate gradient, megadrought, climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Urrutia-Jalabert
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Tecnología, Universidad de Aysén, Coyhaique, Chile
- Laboratorio de Dendrocronología y Cambio Global, Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro de Ciencia del Clima y la Resiliencia, CR2, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jonathan Barichivich
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, CRNS/CEA/UVSQ, France
- Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Paul Szejner
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y del suelo, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria CDMX, México
| | - Vicente Rozas
- iuFOR-EiFAB, Área de Botánica, Campus Duques de Soria, Universidad de Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain
| | - Antonio Lara
- Laboratorio de Dendrocronología y Cambio Global, Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro de Ciencia del Clima y la Resiliencia, CR2, Santiago, Chile
- Fundación Centro de los Bosques Nativos FORECOS, Valdivia, Chile
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3
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Laffitte B, Seyler BC, Wang W, Li P, Du J, Tang Y. Declining tree growth rates despite increasing water-use efficiency under elevated CO 2 reveals a possible global overestimation of CO 2 fertilization effect. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11219. [PMID: 36339991 PMCID: PMC9626951 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Though rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations (Ca) harm the environment and society, they may also raise photosynthetic rates and enhance intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE). Numerous short-term studies have investigated tree growth under elevated CO2 (eCO2) conditions, but no long-duration study has investigated eCO2 impacts on tree growth and iWUE under natural conditions. Utilizing a new dendrochronological experimental design in a heavily-touristed nature preserve in Southwest China (Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve), we compared tree growth (e.g., basal area increment) and iWUE in two biophysically and environmentally similar valleys with contrasting anthropogenic activities. Trees in the control valley with ambient CO2 benefited from increasing Ca, possibly due to the CO2 fertilization effect and optimal environmental conditions. However, trees in the treatment valley with intensive tourism experienced comparatively higher localized eCO2 and growth rate declines. While iWUE increased (1959–2017) in the control (25.3%) and treatment sites (47.8%), declining tree growth rates in the treatment site was likely because comparatively extreme CO2 exposure levels encouraged stomatal closures. As the first long-term study investigating eCO2 impacts on tree growth and iWUE under natural conditions, we demonstrate that increased forest iWUE is unlikely to overcome negative drought stress and rising temperature impacts. Thus, forest potential for mitigating eCO2 and global climate change is likely overestimated, particularly under dry temperate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Laffitte
- Department of Environment, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section One, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Barnabas C. Seyler
- Department of Environment, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section One, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolution and Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Pengbo Li
- Department of Environment, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section One, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Jie Du
- Jiuzhaigou Administrative Bureau, Zhangzha, Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan 623402, China
| | - Ya Tang
- Department of Environment, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section One, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China,Corresponding author.
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Reduced Rainfall Variability Reduces Growth of Nothofagus alessandrii Espinosa (Nothofagaceae) in the Maule Region, Chile. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13081184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nothofagus alessandrii Espinosa is an endemic species of the coastal Maulino forest of central Chile that has historically been severely threatened by the reduction of its habitat and the isolation of its fragments. In addition, a gradual reduction in precipitation has been observed in recent years across its entire natural distribution area. Although the genus Nothofagus has been extensively analyzed in dendrochronological studies in the Southern Hemisphere, the dendrochronological potential of this species is unknown. In this study, we developed a novel tree-ring chronology of N. alessandrii in order to examine the climate sensitivity of the radial growth and to thus understand its response to climate change in central Chile. Our ring-width chronology showed a series intercorrelation value of 0.48 for the period of 1942–2016 (EPS < 0.85, with 10 trees), showing a strong common growth signal among the trees. N. alessandrii growth was strongly influenced by precipitation from May to November (the austral winter and spring seasons), while the temperature signal was weak. We observed that the radial growth patterns of N. alessandrii chronology showed upward growth trends, with a marked positive slope until the mid-1980s. However, a negative trend was observed for the period of 1985–2016, which was related to the increased drought conditions (rainfall and soil moisture reductions) in past decades and affected the entire natural distribution of the species. We suggest that drier winters and springs would slow the growth of this species. This information is of vital importance to understanding the growth dynamics of N. alessandrii, a critically endangered species, and to take on urgent adaptation and mitigation measures in the face of climate change.
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Miranda JC, Calderaro C, Cocozza C, Lasserre B, Tognetti R, von Arx G. Wood Anatomical Responses of European Beech to Elevation, Land Use Change, and Climate Variability in the Central Apennines, Italy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:855741. [PMID: 35401623 PMCID: PMC8983936 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.855741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is a widespread and economically important temperate tree species in Europe. The warmer temperatures and severe drought events expected in the future, especially in Mediterranean areas, could affect the vitality and productivity of beech stands that have been intensively used in these areas in the past. Here, we aim to assess the wood anatomical responses of beech to environmental variability and silvicultural practices by investigating three beech stands along an elevational gradient (1,200 to 1,950 m a.s.l.) in the Apennines (Italy). Therefore, we quantified several anatomical traits of the xylem vessels related to tree hydraulics from five trees per stand and investigated variability between and within tree rings. Our results suggest generally limited trait plasticity, with higher plasticity of mean vessel lumen area and theoretical hydraulic conductivity, while maximum vessel size and mean hydraulic diameter were less plastic, likely because of the stronger determination by tree height. High-elevation trees were hydraulically more limited than trees at a mid and lower elevation as indicated by the more conservative anatomical configuration, i.e., comparatively smaller vessels and a 50% tighter trait coordination. Cessation of coppicing resulted in a hydraulically safer anatomy with comparatively smaller vessels at the most intensively used site (1,200 m), triggered by increased water demand due to an increase in canopy density, and thus, an increase in stand transpiration. Furthermore, maximum vessel size at the beginning showed different climate sensitivity compared to the rest of the tree ring, while intra-ring anatomical profiles showed little difference between normal and the 5 years with the highest and lowest mean temperature and precipitation. Overall, this study highlights the challenges to separate the externally induced medium- to longer-term responses from ontogenetically determined patterns. We, therefore, call for more comprehensive studies to further explore and verify the plasticity of wood anatomical traits in European beech in response to short- to long-term environmental fluctuations to gain a mechanistic understanding useful for sustainable forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Carlos Miranda
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Calderaro
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, Università degli Studi del Molise, Pesche, Italy
| | - Claudia Cocozza
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari Ambientali e Forestali, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Bruno Lasserre
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, Università degli Studi del Molise, Pesche, Italy
| | - Roberto Tognetti
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Georg von Arx
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Leonelli G, Bollati IM, Cherubini P, Saurer M, Vergari F, Del Monte M, Pelfini M. Tree-ring stable isotopes indicate mass wasting processes at Radicofani in the upper Orcia Valley (Tuscany, Italy). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152428. [PMID: 34942253 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tree-ring carbon (C) and oxygen (O) stable isotope (SI) chronologies spanning the period 1983-2012 were analysed at three Pinus nigra Arn. sites located in the upper Orcia Valley (Tuscany, Italy) in a badlands landscape. The goal of the study was to determine the extent to which tree-ring stable isotopes (SI) can serve as a proxy for mass wasting processes. To this end, we applied an established dual-isotope model to detect physiological changes between trees growing at three sites, one along the upper border of a well-studied shallow landslide, one on the landslide, and one in a stable area, as control. We further analysed whether trees at the three sites showed different δ18O responses to climate and to precipitation δ18O. Tree-ring δ13C and δ18O variations and trends revealed impairments of the photosynthetic process at the landslide site. We found that trees growing on the landslide show signs of reduced photosynthetic capacity since the onset of the landslide in 1993, whereas since 2000, while producing compression wood during periods of landslide activity, the trees show trends of higher average maximum net photosynthesis. The correlation analysis performed between the SI chronologies and the climatic variables revealed that the climatic signals at the site located on the landslide are masked by growth stress induced by the mass wasting processes. The most distinct differences in climate responses between sites were found in tree-ring δ13C in response to mean temperature and to mean temperature range, and in tree-ring δ18O in response to precipitation δ18O. Our research confirms that it is possible to reconstruct mass-wasting processes on forested slopes and to date geomorphological events by considering the trees' physiological conditions as recorded by stable C and O isotopes in tree rings, and by comparing affected with unaffected sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Leonelli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 157/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Irene Maria Bollati
- Earth Sciences Department "A. Desio", Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 34, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Paolo Cherubini
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - Matthias Saurer
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Vergari
- Earth Science Department, Università La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Maurizio Del Monte
- Earth Science Department, Università La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Manuela Pelfini
- Earth Sciences Department "A. Desio", Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 34, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Parent Material Effect on Soil Organic Carbon Concentration under Primeval European Beech Forests at a Regional Scale. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12040405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The research presented herein explores soil organic carbon concentration (SOCC) under monodominant primeval forests of European beech trees and their association with parent material on a regional scale. Soil sampling to a maximum depth of 0.8 m was conducted in six localities in the West, East, and South Carpathians, Eastern Albanides, and Central Apennines, situated on different parent materials. Samples were analysed for SOCC by the dry combustion method. The average SOCC values representing individual localities ranged from 12.5 g kg−1 to 154.8 g kg−1 with a 99.7% coefficient of variation. SOCC association with climatic variables and forest stand volume data available from the literature were assessed by a Pearson correlation coefficient. Differences in SOCC among localities caused by site conditions were treated as a fixed factor in Welch’s ANOVA and found to be significant (p < 0.05) in the majority of cases. The associations between SOCC and climatic variables or stand volume were nonsignificant or perturbed. Since they validly explained less than 10% of the overall SOCC variance, the results of multiple comparison tests were assessed and interpreted in view of distinct parent materials.
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Increased water use efficiency leads to decreased precipitation sensitivity of tree growth, but is offset by high temperatures. Oecologia 2021; 197:1095-1110. [PMID: 33743068 PMCID: PMC8591026 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04892-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Both increases in temperature and changes in precipitation may limit future tree growth, but rising atmospheric CO2 could offset some of these stressors through increased plant Water Use Efficiency (WUE). The net balance between the negative impacts of climate change and positive effects of CO2 on tree growth is crucial for ecotones, where increased climate stress could drive mortality and shifts in range. Here, we quantify the effects of climate, stand structure, and rising CO2 on both annual tree-ring growth increment and intrinsic WUE (iWUE) at a savanna-forest boundary in the Upper Midwest United States. Taking a Bayesian hierarchical modelling approach, we find that plant iWUE increased by ~ 16–23% over the course of the twentieth century, but on average, tree-ring growth increments do not significantly increase. Consistent with higher iWUE under increased CO2 and recent wetting, we observe a decrease in sensitivity of tree growth to annual precipitation, leading to ~ 35–41% higher growth under dry conditions compared to trees of similar size in the past. However, an emerging interaction between summer maximum temperatures and annual precipitation diminishes the water-savings benefit under hot and dry conditions. This decrease in precipitation sensitivity, and the interaction between temperature and precipitation are strongest in open canopy microclimates, suggesting that stand structure may modulate response to future changes. Overall, while higher iWUE may provide some water savings benefits to growth under normal drought conditions, near-term future temperature increases combined with drought events could drive growth declines of about 50%.
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Savard MM, Bégin C, Marion J. Response strategies of boreal spruce trees to anthropogenic changes in air quality and rising pCO 2. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:114209. [PMID: 32220752 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about how forests adjust their gas-exchange mode while atmospheric CO2 rises globally and air quality changes regionally. The present study aims at addressing this research gap for boreal spruce trees growing in three different regions of Canada, submitted to distinct levels of atmospheric emissions, by examining the amount of carbon gained per unit of water lost in trees, i.e., the intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE). Under pristine air quality conditions, middle-to long-term trends passed from no-reaction mode to passive strategies due to atmospheric CO2, and short-term iWUE variations mostly ensue from year-to-year climatic conditions. In contrast, in trees exposed to pollutants from a copper smelter and an oil-sands mining region, air quality deterioration generated swift, long-term iWUE rises immediately at the onset of operations. In this case, the very active foliar strategy sharply reduced the intra-foliar CO2 (Ci) pressure. Statistical modeling allowed identifying emissions as the main trigger for the iWUE swift shifts; subsequent combined effects of emissions and rising CO2 led to passive foliar modes in the recent decades, and short-term variations due to climatic conditions appeared all along the series. Overall, boreal trees under different regional conditions modified their foliar strategies mostly without changing their stem growth. These findings underline the potential of acidifying emissions for prompting major iWUE increases due to lowering the stomatal apertures in leaves, and the combined influence of rising CO2 in modulating other foliar responses. A fallout of this research is that degrading air quality may create true divergences in the relationship between tree-ring isotopes and climatic conditions, an impact to consider prior to using isotopic series for paleo-climatic modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine M Savard
- Natural Resources Canada, Geological Survey of Canada, 490 de La Couronne, Québec (QC), G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Christian Bégin
- Natural Resources Canada, Geological Survey of Canada, 490 de La Couronne, Québec (QC), G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Joëlle Marion
- Natural Resources Canada, Geological Survey of Canada, 490 de La Couronne, Québec (QC), G1K 9A9, Canada
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Retrospective Analysis of Tree Decline Based on Intrinsic Water-Use Efficiency in Semi-Arid Areas of North China. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11060577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Long-term tree growth is significantly affected by climate change, which have become a global concern. Tree-ring width and isotopic information can show how trees respond to climate change on a long-term scale and reveal some phenomena of tree decline or death. In this study, we used isotopic techniques and investigated annual changes in carbon isotope composition and tree-ring width of Populus simonii Carr. in Zhangbei, as well as trends in tree-ring carbon discrimination (Δ13C) and iWUE in normal, mildly declining and severely declining trees, in order to make a retrospective analysis and further understand the process of tree decline. We found that there were significant differences (p < 0.01 **) in δ13C, Δ13C, ci and iWUE at different decline stages, meaning that the δ13C and iWUE could be new indicators of tree health. The iWUE of all groups increased significantly, while the growth rate of declined P. simonii was much higher than that of normal growth P. simonii. According to the analysis, there may be a threshold of iWUE for healthy trees, which once the threshold value is exceeded, it indicates that trees are resistant to adversity and their growth is under stress. Similarly, the changing trend of BAI supports our conclusion with its changes showed that tree growth became slower and slower as degradation progressed. iWUE inferred from tree-ring stable carbon isotope composition is a strong modulator of adaptation capacity in response to environmental stressors under climate change. Elevated annual temperatures and increased groundwater depth are all contributing to the decline of P. simonii in north China.
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11
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Fu L, Xu Y, Xu Z, Wu B, Zhao D. Tree water-use efficiency and growth dynamics in response to climatic and environmental changes in a temperate forest in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105209. [PMID: 31677597 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the responses of local forests to the gradually rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations (ca) and changing environment is critical for appropriate management activities. This work used tree ring width measures (i.e. basal areal increment, BAI) and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) signals to explore the intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) and tree growth dynamics of three major tree species (Pinus massoniana, P.tabuliformis and Larix gmelinii) in the Miyun Reservae Basin (MRB) of Beijing. The results indicate that ca was a primary contributor to tree growths, especially at the remote site where rising ca accounted for 92% and 74% of BAI changes for P. tabuliformis and L. gmelinii, respectively. N deposition was found to have a positive effect on BAI at this site. The controlling effect of ca on tree growth at the close-to-city site was smaller (52% and 44% of the contributions for P. tabuliformis and P. massoniana, respectively), while the negative influences of N deposition on BAI tends to be intensified. iWUE showed consistent increase during the entire growth period at all sites. Quadratic relationships between iWUE and BAI were observed, which indicated that the rising ca stimulated photosynthesis, contributing to the initial BAI and iWUE increase. However, the intensified water stress resulting from reduced precipitation and increased temperature led to a reduction in tree stomatal conductance causing the subsequent increase in iWUE but decrease in BAI. Of the site- and species-related responses of tree growth to ca, climatic and environmental changes in the MRB, the site-related variation dominated. The non-linear relationship between BAI and ca combined with the quadratic relationship between BAI and iWUE indicate a decreased ability of forests to capture atmospheric CO2 once the CO2 tipping point has passed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fu
- Environmental Futures Research Institute and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Environmental Futures Research Institute and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Environmental Futures Research Institute and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.
| | - Bingfang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Dan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Adams MA, Buckley TN, Turnbull TL. Rainfall drives variation in rates of change in intrinsic water use efficiency of tropical forests. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3661. [PMID: 31413322 PMCID: PMC6694106 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rates of change in intrinsic water use efficiency (W) of trees relative to those in atmospheric [CO2] (ca) have been mostly assessed via short-term studies (e.g., leaf analysis, flux analysis) and/or step increases in ca (e.g., FACE studies). Here we use compiled data for abundances of carbon isotopes in tree stems to show that on decadal scales, rates of change (dW/dca) vary with location and rainfall within the global tropics. For the period 1915-1995, and including corrections for mesophyll conductance and photorespiration, dW/dca for drier tropical forests (receiving ~ 1000 mm rainfall) were at least twice that of the wettest (receiving ~ 4000 mm). The data also empirically confirm theorized roles of tropical forests in changes in atmospheric 13C/12C ratios (the 13C Suess Effect). Further formal analysis of geographic variation in decade-to-century scale dW/dca will be needed to refine current models that predict increases in carbon uptake by forests without hydrological cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Adams
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Thomas N Buckley
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tarryn L Turnbull
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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13
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Recent Consequences of Climate Change Have Affected Tree Growth in Distinct Nothofagus Macrocarpa (DC.) FM Vaz & Rodr Age Classes in Central Chile. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10080653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Forests play an important role in water and carbon cycles in semiarid regions such as the Mediterranean ecosystems. Previous research in the Chilean Mediterranean forests revealed a break point in 1980 in regional tree-ring chronologies linked to climate change. However, it is still unclear which populations and age classes are more affected by recent increases in drought conditions. In this study, we investigated the influence of recent variations in precipitation, temperature, and CO2 concentrations on tree growth of various populations and age classes of Nothofagus macrocarpa trees in Central Chile. We sampled 10 populations from five sites of N. macrocarpa through its whole geographic distribution in both Coastal and Andes ranges. We used standard dendrochronological methods to (i) group populations using principal component analysis, (ii) separate age classes (young, mature, and old trees), (iii) evaluate linear growth trends based on the basal area increment (BAI), and (iv) analyze the link between BAI and atmospheric changes using linear mixed-effects models. Results showed that young trees are more sensitive to climate variability. Regarding population grouping, we observed that all population clusters were sensitive to winter-spring precipitation, but only the Andes and Coastal populations were negatively correlated with temperature. The results of CO2 fertilization analyses were controversial and unclear. Since young trees from all population clusters reacted positively in the phase with an increase of atmospheric CO2 between 1980 and 2014, this behavior was not translated into growth for the last 15 years (2000–2014). However, it should be noted that the young trees of the highest elevation populations did not have a negative growth trend, so it seems that CO2 counteracted the negative effect of recent regional climate change (increase in temperature and precipitation decrease) in these population trees. Further studies are needed to assess the effects of climate variability over other ecological and physiological processes.
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14
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Arco Molina JG, Helle G, Hadad MA, Roig FA. Variations in the intrinsic water-use efficiency of north Patagonian forests under a present climate change scenario: tree age, site conditions and long-term environmental effects. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:661-678. [PMID: 30649565 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The carbon isotope composition (δ13C) in tree rings were used to derive the intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) of Araucaria araucana trees of northern Patagonia along a strong precipitation gradient. It is well known that climatic and ontogenetic factors affect growth performance of this species but little is known about their influence in the physiological responses, as iWUE. Thus, the main objective of this study was to assess the physiological reactions of young and adult trees from two open xeric and two moderately dense mesic A. araucana forests to the increases in atmospheric CO2 (Ca) and air temperature during the 20th century, and to relate these responses with radial tree growth. The results indicated that the iWUE and the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) increased 33% and 32% in average during the last century, respectively, but carbon isotope discrimination (∆13C) was more variable between sites and age classes. Trees from xeric sites presented greater iWUE and lower ∆13C and Ci values than those from mesic sites. In general, iWUE was strongly related with Ca and was significantly affected by mean summer maximum temperature. ∆13C from mesic sites seemed to be mainly affected by summer maximum temperature, while trees from xeric conditions did not show any influence. Tree age also presented a significant effect on iWUE. Adult trees showed higher iWUE values than young trees, indicating an incidence of the tree age and/or height, mainly in closed mesic forests. Moreover, some trees presented positive relationships between iWUE and radial tree growth, while others presented negative or no relationships, indicating that other factors may negatively influence tree growth. Broadly, the results demonstrate the incidence of climatic, environmental and ontogenetic variability in the tree responses; however, more studies are needed to better understand which forests will be more affected by actual and future climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Arco Molina
- Laboratorio de Dendrocronología e Historia Ambiental, IANIGLA-CCT CONICET-Mendoza, Av. Ruiz Leal s/n, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - G Helle
- Section 5.2 Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, GFZ-German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany
| | - M A Hadad
- CIGEOBIO-CONICET-San Juan, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Ignacio de la Roza 5900 Oeste, San Juan, Argentina
| | - F A Roig
- Laboratorio de Dendrocronología e Historia Ambiental, IANIGLA-CCT CONICET-Mendoza, Av. Ruiz Leal s/n, Mendoza, Argentina
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15
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Carbon Isotopes of Riparian Forests Trees in the Savannas of the Volta Sub-Basin of Ghana Reveal Contrasting Responses to Climatic and Environmental Variations. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10030251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Stable isotopes of tree rings are frequently used as proxies in climate change studies. However, species-specific relationships between climate and tree-ring stable isotopes have not yet been studied in riparian forests in the savannas of West Africa. Four cross-dated discs, each of Afzelia africana Sm. (evergreen) and Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr. (deciduous) in the humid (HSZ) and dry (DSZ) savanna zones of the Volta basin in Ghana were selected from a larger tree-ring dataset to assess the relationships between the tree-ring carbon isotope composition (δ13C values) and climatic parameters. The atmospherically corrected δ13C values of both studied species showed that A. africana was enriched in 13C compared to A. leiocarpus. Strong correlations were found between δ13C values of A. africana and A. leiocarpus with temperature, but weak correlations with precipitation. Spatial correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between δ13C values of both tree species and Sea Surface Temperatures in the Gulf of Guinea in the southern Atlantic Ocean. The results suggest that the carbon isotope composition of riparian trees in the Volta river basin has a potential to reconstruct climate variability and to assess tree ecological responses to climate change.
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16
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Maes SL, Perring MP, Vanhellemont M, Depauw L, Van den Bulcke J, Brūmelis G, Brunet J, Decocq G, den Ouden J, Härdtle W, Hédl R, Heinken T, Heinrichs S, Jaroszewicz B, Kopecký M, Máliš F, Wulf M, Verheyen K. Environmental drivers interactively affect individual tree growth across temperate European forests. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:201-217. [PMID: 30346104 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Forecasting the growth of tree species to future environmental changes requires a better understanding of its determinants. Tree growth is known to respond to global-change drivers such as climate change or atmospheric deposition, as well as to local land-use drivers such as forest management. Yet, large geographical scale studies examining interactive growth responses to multiple global-change drivers are relatively scarce and rarely consider management effects. Here, we assessed the interactive effects of three global-change drivers (temperature, precipitation and nitrogen deposition) on individual tree growth of three study species (Quercus robur/petraea, Fagus sylvatica and Fraxinus excelsior). We sampled trees along spatial environmental gradients across Europe and accounted for the effects of management for Quercus. We collected increment cores from 267 trees distributed over 151 plots in 19 forest regions and characterized their neighbouring environment to take into account potentially confounding factors such as tree size, competition, soil conditions and elevation. We demonstrate that growth responds interactively to global-change drivers, with species-specific sensitivities to the combined factors. Simultaneously high levels of precipitation and deposition benefited Fraxinus, but negatively affected Quercus' growth, highlighting species-specific interactive tree growth responses to combined drivers. For Fagus, a stronger growth response to higher temperatures was found when precipitation was also higher, illustrating the potential negative effects of drought stress under warming for this species. Furthermore, we show that past forest management can modulate the effects of changing temperatures on Quercus' growth; individuals in plots with a coppicing history showed stronger growth responses to higher temperatures. Overall, our findings highlight how tree growth can be interactively determined by global-change drivers, and how these growth responses might be modulated by past forest management. By showing future growth changes for scenarios of environmental change, we stress the importance of considering multiple drivers, including past management and their interactions, when predicting tree growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybryn L Maes
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Michael P Perring
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Margot Vanhellemont
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Leen Depauw
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Jan Van den Bulcke
- UGCT - UGent-Woodlab, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Guillaume Decocq
- Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Jan den Ouden
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Werner Härdtle
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Radim Hédl
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Thilo Heinken
- General Botany, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Steffi Heinrichs
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Máliš
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
- National Forest Centre, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Monika Wulf
- Leibniz-ZALF e.V. Müncheberg, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
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17
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Reed CC, Ballantyne AP, Cooper LA, Sala A. Limited evidence for CO 2 -related growth enhancement in northern Rocky Mountain lodgepole pine populations across climate gradients. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:3922-3937. [PMID: 29658158 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Forests sequester large amounts of carbon annually and are integral in buffering against effects of global change. Increasing atmospheric CO2 may enhance photosynthesis and/or decrease stomatal conductance (gs ) thereby enhancing intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE), having potential indirect and direct benefits to tree growth. While increasing iWUE has been observed in most trees globally, enhanced growth is not ubiquitous, possibly due to concurrent climatic constraints on growth. To investigate our incomplete understanding of interactions between climate and CO2 and their impacts on tree physiology and growth, we used an environmental gradient approach. We combined dendrochronology with carbon isotope analysis (δ13 C) to assess the covariation of basal area increment (BAI) and iWUE over time in lodgepole pine. Trees were sampled at 18 sites spanning two climatically distinct elevation transects on the lee and windward sides of the Continental Divide, encompassing the majority of lodgepole pine's northern Rocky Mountain elevational range. We analyzed BAI and iWUE from 1950 to 2015, and explored correlations with monthly climate variables. As expected, iWUE increased at all sites. However, concurrent growth trends depended on site climatic water deficit (CWD). Significant growth increases occurred only at the driest sites, where increases in iWUE were strongest, while growth decreases were greatest at sites where CWD has been historically lowest. Late summer drought of the previous year negatively affected growth across sites. These results suggest that increasing iWUE, if strong enough, may indirectly benefit growth at drier sites by effectively extending the growing season via reductions in gs . Strong growth decreases at high elevation windward sites may reflect increasing water stress as a result of decreasing snowpack, which was not offset by greater iWUE. Our results imply that increasing iWUE driven by decreasing gs may benefit tree growth in limited scenarios, having implications for future carbon uptake potential of semiarid ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte C Reed
- Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
| | - Ashley P Ballantyne
- Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
| | - Leila Annie Cooper
- Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
| | - Anna Sala
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
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18
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Perone A, Cocozza C, Cherubini P, Bachmann O, Guillong M, Lasserre B, Marchetti M, Tognetti R. Oak tree-rings record spatial-temporal pollution trends from different sources in Terni (Central Italy). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 233:278-289. [PMID: 29096300 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring atmospheric pollution in industrial areas near urban center is essential to infer past levels of contamination and to evaluate the impact for environmental health and safety. The main aim of this study was to understand if the chemical composition of tree-ring wood can be used for monitoring spatial-temporal variability of pollutants in Terni, Central Italy, one of the most polluted towns in Italy. Tree cores were taken from 32 downy oaks (Quercus pubescens) located at different distances from several pollutant sources, including a large steel factory. Trace element (Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, Hg, Mo, Ni, Tl, W, U, V, and Zn) index in tree-ring wood was determined using high-resolution laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). We hypothesized that the presence of contaminants detected in tree-rings reflected industrial activities over time. The accumulation of contaminants in tree-rings was affected by anthropogenic activities in the period 1958-2009, though signals varied in intensity with the distance of trees from the industrial plant. A stronger limitation of tree growth was observed in the proximity of the industrial plant in comparison with other pollutant sources. Levels of Cr, Ni, Mo, V, U and W increased in tree-ring profiles of trees close to the steel factory, especially during the 80's and 90's, in correspondence to a peak of pollution in this period, as recorded by air quality monitoring stations. Uranium contents in our tree-rings were difficult to explain, while the higher contents of Cu, Hg, Pb, and Tl could be related to the contaminants released from an incinerator located close to the industrial plant. The accumulation of contaminants in tree-rings reflected the historical variation of environmental pollution in the considered urban context.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Perone
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, Università degli Studi del Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone s.n.c., 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - C Cocozza
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante IPSP, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - P Cherubini
- WSL - Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - O Bachmann
- Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, ETH, Clausiusstrasse 25, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Guillong
- Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, ETH, Clausiusstrasse 25, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Lasserre
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, Università degli Studi del Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone s.n.c., 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - M Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, Università degli Studi del Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone s.n.c., 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - R Tognetti
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis s.n.c., 86100 Campobasso, Italy
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19
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Weiwei LU, Xinxiao YU, Guodong JIA, Hanzhi LI, Ziqiang LIU. Responses of Intrinsic Water-use Efficiency and Tree Growth to Climate Change in Semi-Arid Areas of North China. Sci Rep 2018; 8:308. [PMID: 29321679 PMCID: PMC5762888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18694-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree-level intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) is derived from the tree-ring 13C isotope composition (δ13C) and is an important indicator of the adaptability for trees to climate change. However, there is still uncertainty regarding the relationship between long-term forest ecosystem carbon sequestration capacity and iWUE. To determine whether elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (Ca) increase iWUE and tree growth (basal area increment, BAI), dendrochronological methods and stable isotope analyses were used to examine annual changes in the tree-ring width and carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of Platycladus orientalis in northern China. The iWUE derived from δ13C has increased significantly (p < 0.01). Long-term iWUE trend was largely and positively driven by the elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature. We observed a general increase in averaged BAI, which had significant positive correlation with iWUE (R2 = 0.3186, p < 0.01). Increases in iWUE indeed translated into enhanced P. orientalis growth in semi-arid areas of northern China. Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration significantly (p < 0.01) stimulated P. orientalis biomass accumulation when Ca was less than approximately 320 ppm in the early phase; however, this effect was not pronounced when Ca exceeded 320 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- L U Weiwei
- Beijing Forestry University, Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Y U Xinxiao
- Beijing Forestry University, Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - J I A Guodong
- Beijing Forestry University, Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - L I Hanzhi
- Beijing Forestry University, Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - L I U Ziqiang
- Beijing Forestry University, Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing, 100083, China
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20
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Garrido M, Silva H, Franck N, Arenas J, Acevedo E. Evaluation of Morpho-Physiological Traits Adjustment of Prosopis tamarugo Under Long-Term Groundwater Depletion in the Hyper-Arid Atacama Desert. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:453. [PMID: 29686691 PMCID: PMC5900453 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Water extraction from the underground aquifers of the Pampa del Tamarugal (Atacama Desert, Chile) reduced the growing area of Prosopis tamarugo, a strict phreatic species endemic to northern Chile. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of various architectural and morpho-physiological traits adjustment of P. tamarugo subjected to three groundwater depletion intervals (GWDr): <1 m (control), 1-4 m and 6-9 m. The traits were evaluated at three levels, plant [height, trunk cross-section area, leaf fraction (fGCC), and crown size], organ [length of internodes, leaf mass per unit area (LMA), leaflet mass and area], and tissue level [wood density (WD), leaf 13C, 18O isotope composition (δ), and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE)]. In addition, soil water content (VWC) to 1.3 m soil depth, pre-dawn and midday water potential difference (ΔΨ), and stomatal conductance (gs) were evaluated. At the deeper GWDr, P. tamarugo experienced significant growth restriction and reduced fGCC, the remaining canopy had a significantly higher LMA associated with smaller leaflets. No differences in internode length and WD were observed. Values for δ13C and δ18O indicated that as GWDr increased, iWUE increased as a result of partial stomata closure with no significant effect on net assimilation over time. The morpho-physiological changes experienced by P. tamarugo allowed it to acclimate and survive in a condition of groundwater depletion, keeping a functional but diminished canopy. These adjustments allowed maintenance of a relatively high gs; ΔΨ was not different among GWDrs despite smaller VWC at greater GWDr. Although current conservation initiatives of this species are promising, forest deterioration is expected continue as groundwater depth increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Garrido
- Soil-Plant-Water Relations Laboratory, Agricultural Production Department, Faculty of Agronomical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Herman Silva
- Soil-Plant-Water Relations Laboratory, Agricultural Production Department, Faculty of Agronomical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Franck
- Soil-Plant-Water Relations Laboratory, Agricultural Production Department, Faculty of Agronomical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Arenas
- Faculty of Natural Renewable Resources, Desert Agriculture, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Edmundo Acevedo
- Soil-Plant-Water Relations Laboratory, Agricultural Production Department, Faculty of Agronomical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Edmundo Acevedo
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21
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Drake BL, Hanson DT, Lowrey TK, Sharp ZD. The carbon fertilization effect over a century of anthropogenic CO 2 emissions: higher intracellular CO 2 and more drought resistance among invasive and native grass species contrasts with increased water use efficiency for woody plants in the US Southwest. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:782-792. [PMID: 27483457 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
From 1890 to 2015, anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions have increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations from 270 to 400 mol mol-1 . The effect of increased carbon emissions on plant growth and reproduction has been the subject of study of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiments. These experiments have found (i) an increase in internal CO2 partial pressure (ci ) alongside acclimation of photosynthetic capacity, (ii) variable decreases in stomatal conductance, and (iii) that increases in yield do not increase commensurate with CO2 concentrations. Our data set, which includes a 115-year-long selection of grasses collected in New Mexico since 1892, is consistent with an increased ci as a response to historical CO2 increase in the atmosphere, with invasive species showing the largest increase. Comparison with Palmer Drought Sensitivity Index (PDSI) for New Mexico indicates a moderate correlation with Δ13 C (r2 = 0.32, P < 0.01) before 1950, with no correlation (r2 = 0.00, P = 0.91) after 1950. These results indicate that increased ci may have conferred some drought resistance to these grasses through increased availability of CO2 in the event of reduced stomatal conductance in response to short-term water shortage. Comparison with C3 trees from arid environments (Pinus longaeva and Pinus edulis in the US Southwest) as well as from wetter environments (Bromus and Poa grasses in New Mexico) suggests differing responses based on environment; arid environments in New Mexico see increased intrinsic water use efficiency (WUE) in response to historic elevated CO2 while wetter environments see increased ci . This study suggests that (i) the observed increases in ci in FACE experiments are consistent with historical CO2 increases and (ii) the CO2 increase influences plant sensitivity to water shortage, through either increased WUE or ci in arid and wet environments, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L Drake
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - David T Hanson
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Timothy K Lowrey
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Zachary D Sharp
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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22
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Leonelli G, Battipaglia G, Cherubini P, Saurer M, Siegwolf RTW, Maugeri M, Stenni B, Fusco S, Maggi V, Pelfini M. Larix decidua δ 18O tree-ring cellulose mainly reflects the isotopic signature of winter snow in a high-altitude glacial valley of the European Alps. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:230-237. [PMID: 27890416 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the chronologies of cellulose stable isotopes (δ13C and δ18O) and tree-ring widths from European larch (Larix decidua) in a high-altitude site (2190ma.s.l.) at the bottom of a glacial valley in the Italian Alps, and investigated their dependence on monthly meteorological variables and δ18O precipitation values. The δ18O of tree-ring cellulose appears to be strongly driven by the δ18O of winter snowfall (November to March), which suggests that larch trees mostly use the snow-melt water of the previous winter during the growing season. This water, which also comes from the slope streams and from the underground flow of nearby steep slopes, infiltrates the soil in the valley bottom. The tree-ring cellulose δ18O values were also found to be influenced by the August precipitation δ18O and mean temperature. The associated regression model shows that the δ18O chronology from the tree rings explains up to 34% of the variance in the winter precipitation δ18O record, demonstrating the potential for reconstructing the δ18O isotopic composition of past winter precipitation in the study region. Unlike most other tree-ring studies that focus on growing season signals, in our study the summer signal was small and the winter signal dominant due to the special conditions of the glacial valley. Site topography, geomorphology and soil characteristics in particular influence the stable isotope signal in tree-ring cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Leonelli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Battipaglia
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Seconda Università di Napoli, Caserta, Italy; PALECO EPHE Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, University of Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Paolo Cherubini
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Maurizio Maugeri
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Stenni
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Università Ca' Foscari, Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Stella Fusco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Valter Maggi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Manuela Pelfini
- Department of Earth Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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23
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Seiler R, Kirchner JW, Krusic PJ, Tognetti R, Houlié N, Andronico D, Cullotta S, Egli M, D'Arrigo R, Cherubini P. Insensitivity of Tree-Ring Growth to Temperature and Precipitation Sharpens the Puzzle of Enhanced Pre-Eruption NDVI on Mt. Etna (Italy). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169297. [PMID: 28099435 PMCID: PMC5242533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
On Mt. Etna (Italy), an enhanced Normalized Difference in Vegetation Index (NDVI) signature was detected in the summers of 2001 and 2002 along a distinct line where, in November 2002, a flank eruption subsequently occurred. These observations suggest that pre-eruptive volcanic activity may have enhanced photosynthesis along the future eruptive fissure. If a direct relation between NDVI and future volcanic eruptions could be established, it would provide a straightforward and low-cost method for early detection of upcoming eruptions. However, it is unclear if, or to what extent, the observed enhancement of NDVI can be attributed to volcanic activity prior to the subsequent eruption. We consequently aimed at determining whether an increase in ambient temperature or additional water availability owing to the rise of magma and degassing of water vapour prior to the eruption could have increased photosynthesis of Mt. Etna's trees. Using dendro-climatic analyses we quantified the sensitivity of tree ring widths to temperature and precipitation at high elevation stands on Mt. Etna. Our findings suggest that tree growth at high elevation on Mt. Etna is weakly influenced by climate, and that neither an increase in water availability nor an increase in temperature induced by pre-eruptive activity is a plausible mechanism for enhanced photosynthesis before the 2002/2003 flank eruption. Our findings thus imply that other, yet unknown, factors must be sought as causes of the pre-eruption enhancement of NDVI on Mt. Etna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruedi Seiler
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - James W. Kirchner
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Paul J. Krusic
- Navarino Environmental Observatory, Messinia, Greece
- Institutionen för Naturgeografi, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Roberto Tognetti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze e territorio, Università del Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, Pesche, Italy
| | - Nicolas Houlié
- Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Markus Egli
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rosanne D'Arrigo
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, New York, United States of America
| | - Paolo Cherubini
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, New York, United States of America
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24
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Csank AZ, Miller AE, Sherriff RL, Berg EE, Welker JM. Tree-ring isotopes reveal drought sensitivity in trees killed by spruce beetle outbreaks in south-central Alaska. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2016; 26:2001-2020. [PMID: 27755740 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing temperatures have resulted in reduced growth and increased tree mortality across large areas of western North American forests. We use tree-ring isotope chronologies (δ13 C and δ18 O) from live and dead trees from four locations in south-central Alaska, USA, to test whether white spruce trees killed by recent spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby) outbreaks showed evidence of drought stress prior to death. Trees that were killed were more sensitive to spring/summer temperature and/or precipitation than trees that survived. At two of our sites, we found greater correlations between the δ13 C and δ18 O chronologies and spring/summer temperatures in dead trees than in live trees, suggesting that trees that are more sensitive to temperature-induced drought stress are more likely to be killed. At one site, the difference between δ13 C in live and dead trees was related to winter/spring precipitation, with dead trees showing stronger correlations between δ13 C and precipitation, again suggesting increased water stress in dead trees. At all sites where δ18 O was measured, δ18 O chronologies showed the greatest difference in climate response between live and dead groups, with δ18 O in live trees correlating more strongly with late winter precipitation than dead trees. Our results indicate that sites where trees are already sensitive to warm or dry early growing-season conditions experienced the most beetle-kill, which has important implications for forecasting future mortality events in Alaska.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Z Csank
- Department of Geography, Nipissing University, 100 College Drive, North Bay, Ontario, P1B 8L7, Canada.
- Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, Nevada, 89512, USA.
| | - Amy E Miller
- National Park Service, Alaska Regional Office, 240 W 5th Ave., Anchorage, Alaska, 99501, USA
| | - Rosemary L Sherriff
- Geography Department, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst Street, Arcata, California, 95521, USA
| | - Edward E Berg
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, 1 Skihill Road, Soldotna, Alaska, 99669, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Welker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska-Anchorage, 3200 Providence Drive, Anchorage, Alaska, 99508, USA
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25
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Isaac-Renton M, Schneider L, Treydte K. Contamination risk of stable isotope samples during milling. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:1513-1522. [PMID: 27321839 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Isotope analysis of wood is an important tool in dendrochronology and ecophysiology. Prior to mass spectrometry analysis, wood must be homogenized, and a convenient method involves a ball mill capable of milling samples directly in sample tubes. However, sample-tube plastic can contaminate wood during milling, which could lead to biological misinterpretations. METHODS We tested possible contamination of whole wood and cellulose samples during ball-mill homogenization for carbon and oxygen isotope measurements. We used a multi-factorial design with two/three steel milling balls, two sample amounts (10 mg, 40 mg), and two milling times (5 min, 10 min). We further analyzed abrasion by milling empty tubes, and measured the isotope ratios of pure contaminants. RESULTS A strong risk exists for carbon isotope bias through plastic contamination: the δ(13) C value of polypropylene deviated from the control by -6.77‰. Small fibers from PTFE filter bags used during cellulose extraction also present a risk as the δ(13) C value of this plastic deviated by -5.02‰. Low sample amounts (10 mg) showed highest contamination due to increased abrasion during milling (-1.34‰), which is further concentrated by cellulose extraction (-3.38‰). Oxygen isotope measurements were unaffected. CONCLUSIONS A ball mill can be used to homogenize samples within test tubes prior to oxygen isotope analysis, but not prior to carbon or radiocarbon isotope analysis. There is still a need for a fast, simple and contamination-free sample preparation procedure. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Isaac-Renton
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 751 General Services Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H1, Canada
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - L Schneider
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - K Treydte
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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26
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Cocozza C, de Miguel M, Pšidová E, Ditmarová L, Marino S, Maiuro L, Alvino A, Czajkowski T, Bolte A, Tognetti R. Variation in Ecophysiological Traits and Drought Tolerance of Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Seedlings from Different Populations. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:886. [PMID: 27446118 PMCID: PMC4916223 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Frequency and intensity of heat waves and drought events are expected to increase in Europe due to climate change. European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is one of the most important native tree species in Europe. Beech populations originating throughout its native range were selected for common-garden experiments with the aim to determine whether there are functional variations in drought stress responses among different populations. One-year old seedlings from four to seven beech populations were grown and drought-treated in a greenhouse, replicating the experiment at two contrasting sites, in Italy (Mediterranean mountains) and Germany (Central Europe). Experimental findings indicated that: (1) drought (water stress) mainly affected gas exchange describing a critical threshold of drought response between 30 and 26% SWA for photosynthetic rate and Ci/Ca, respectively; (2) the Ci to Ca ratio increased substantially with severe water stress suggesting a stable instantaneous water use efficiency and an efficient regulation capacity of water balance achieved by a tight stomatal control; (3) there was a different response to water stress among the considered beech populations, differently combining traits, although there was not a well-defined variability in drought tolerance. A combined analysis of functional and structural traits for detecting stress signals in beech seedlings is suggested to assess plant performance under limiting moisture conditions and, consequently, to estimate evolutionary potential of beech under a changing environmental scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cocozza
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheSesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | - Eva Pšidová
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of ScienceZvolen, Slovak Republic
| | - L'ubica Ditmarová
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of ScienceZvolen, Slovak Republic
| | - Stefano Marino
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del MoliseCampobasso, Italy
| | - Lucia Maiuro
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del MoliseCampobasso, Italy
| | - Arturo Alvino
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del MoliseCampobasso, Italy
| | - Tomasz Czajkowski
- Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, Institute of Forest EcosystemsEberswalde, Germany
| | - Andreas Bolte
- Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, Institute of Forest EcosystemsEberswalde, Germany
| | - Roberto Tognetti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, Università degli Studi del MolisePesche, Italy
- The EFI Project Centre on Mountain Forests (MOUNTFOR), Edmund Mach FoundationSan Michele all'Adige, Italy
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27
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Trahan MW, Schubert BA. Temperature-induced water stress in high-latitude forests in response to natural and anthropogenic warming. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:782-791. [PMID: 26451763 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic is particularly sensitive to climate change, but the independent effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration (pCO2 ) and temperature on high-latitude forests are poorly understood. Here, we present a new, annually resolved record of stable carbon isotope (δ(13) C) data determined from Larix cajanderi tree cores collected from far northeastern Siberia in order to investigate the physiological response of these trees to regional warming. The tree-ring record, which extends from 1912 through 1961 (50 years), targets early twentieth-century warming (ETCW), a natural warming event in the 1920s to 1940s that was limited to Northern hemisphere high latitudes. Our data show that net carbon isotope fractionation (Δ(13) C), decreased by 1.7‰ across the ETCW, which is consistent with increased water stress in response to climate warming and dryer soils. To investigate whether this signal is present across the northern boreal forest, we compiled published carbon isotope data from 14 high-latitude sites within Europe, Asia, and North America. The resulting dataset covered the entire twentieth century and spanned both natural ETCW and anthropogenic Late Twentieth-Century Warming (~0.7 °C per decade). After correcting for a ~1‰ increase in Δ(13) C in response to twentieth century pCO2 rise, a significant negative relationship (r = -0.53, P < 0.0001) between the average, annual Δ(13) C values and regional annual temperature anomalies is observed, suggesting a strong control of temperature on the Δ(13) C value of trees growing at high latitudes. We calculate a 17% increase in intrinsic water-use efficiency within these forests across the twentieth century, of which approximately half is attributed to a decrease in stomatal conductance in order to conserve water in response to drying conditions, with the other half being attributed to increasing pCO2 . We conclude that annual tree-ring records from northern high-latitude forests record the effects of climate warming and pCO2 rise across the twentieth century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Trahan
- School of Geosciences, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 611 McKinley St, Box 43705, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
| | - Brian A Schubert
- School of Geosciences, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 611 McKinley St, Box 43705, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
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28
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Cernusak LA, English NB. Beyond tree-ring widths: stable isotopes sharpen the focus on climate responses of temperate forest trees. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 35:1-3. [PMID: 25616877 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpu115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Cernusak
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Nathan B English
- College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
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