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Galligan BP, McClanahan TR. Tropical fishery nutrient production depends on biomass-based management. iScience 2024; 27:109420. [PMID: 38510133 PMCID: PMC10952041 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The need to enhance nutrient production from tropical ecosystems to feed the poor could potentially create a new framework for fisheries science and management. Early recommendations have included targeting small fishes and increasing the species richness of fish catches, which could represent a departure from more traditional approaches such as biomass-based management. To test these recommendations, we compared the outcomes of biomass-based management with hypothesized factors influencing nutrient density in nearshore artisanal fish catches in the Western Indian Ocean. We found that enhancing nutrient production depends primarily on achieving biomass-based targets. Catches dominated by low- and mid-trophic level species with smaller body sizes and faster turnover were associated with modest increases in nutrient densities, but the variability in nutrient density was small relative to human nutritional requirements. Therefore, tropical fishery management should focus on restoring biomass to achieve maximum yields and sustainability, particularly for herbivorous fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan P. Galligan
- Jesuit Justice and Ecology Network Africa, Karen, Nairobi 00502, Kenya
- Loyola University Chicago, Department of Biology, Chicago, IL 60660, USA
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2
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Haque SS, Bennett BJ, Brewer TD, Morrissey K, Fleming LE, Gribble MO. Marine Protected Area Expansion and Country-Level Age-Standardized Adult Mortality. ECOHEALTH 2023; 20:236-248. [PMID: 38114749 PMCID: PMC10757699 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-023-01658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Many countries have adopted targets to increase marine protected areas (MPAs) to limit the degradation of water bodies. Although there is evidence that MPAs can conserve marine life and promote biodiversity, there are limited data on the human health implications of MPAs. Using panel data from 1990, 2000, and 2014, we estimated the country-level associations between MPAs (i.e., percentage of territorial waters designated as marine reserves) and age-standardized mortality (i.e., age-standardized probability of dying between 15 and 60 years from all-causes among ages 15-60/100,000 population) by sex, among 110 countries. We fit mixed-effects linear regression models of mortality as a function of current MPA coverage, gross domestic product growth, year, the prior extent of MPA, electricity coverage, governance, and country-level random effects. We observed a significant inverse association between current MPA coverage and adult mortality. For each 5-percentage-point increase in current MPA coverage, a country had 0.982 times the geometric means of female and male mortality [geometric mean ratio: 0.982 (95% CI 0·976, 0·988)] conditional on past %MPA coverage and other modeled variables. The model showed no significant residual association of mortality with past %MPA conditional on current %MPA and other modeled variables. This is one of the first studies to show a positive association between increasing marine conservation and human health. This macro-level study suggests there may be important co-benefits for human health from expanding MPAs that merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina S Haque
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop 1518-002-2BB, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Baylin J Bennett
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Thomas D Brewer
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, Building 233, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Karyn Morrissey
- Division of Climate and Energy Policy, Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Anker Engelunds Vej 1 Bygning 101A, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lora E Fleming
- European Centre for the Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro Cornwall, TR1 3HD, UK
| | - Matthew O Gribble
- Department of Medicine, Division of Occupational, Environmental and Climate Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 490 Illinois Street, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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3
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Woodhouse E, Bedelian C, Barnes P, Cruz-Garcia GS, Dawson N, Gross-Camp N, Homewood K, Jones JP, Martin A, Morgera E, Schreckenberg K. Rethinking entrenched narratives about protected areas and human wellbeing in the Global South. UCL OPEN ENVIRONMENT 2022; 4:e050. [PMID: 37228477 PMCID: PMC10208335 DOI: 10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Attempts to link human development and biodiversity conservation goals remain a constant feature of policy and practice related to protected areas (PAs). Underlying these approaches are narratives that simplify assumptions, shaping how interventions are designed and implemented. We examine evidence for five key narratives: 1) conservation is pro-poor; 2) poverty reduction benefits conservation; 3) compensation neutralises costs of conservation; 4) local participation is good for conservation; 5) secure tenure rights for local communities support effective conservation. Through a mixed-method synthesis combining a review of 100 peer-reviewed papers and 25 expert interviews, we examined if and how each narrative is supported or countered by the evidence. The first three narratives are particularly problematic. PAs can reduce material poverty, but exclusion brings substantial local costs to wellbeing, often felt by the poorest. Poverty reduction will not inevitably deliver on conservation goals and trade-offs are common. Compensation (for damage due to human wildlife conflict, or for opportunity costs), is rarely sufficient or commensurate with costs to wellbeing and experienced injustices. There is more support for narratives 4 and 5 on participation and secure tenure rights, highlighting the importance of redistributing power towards Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities in successful conservation. In light of the proposed expansion of PAs under the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, we outline implications of our review for the enhancement and implementation of global targets in order to proactively integrate social equity into conservation and the accountability of conservation actors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Woodhouse
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Bedelian
- International Institute for Environment and Development, London, UK
| | - Paul Barnes
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK
- EDGE of Existence Programme, Zoological Society London, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | | | - Neil Dawson
- School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy, International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Gross-Camp
- Boston College, Morrissey College of the Arts & Sciences, Environmental Studies Program, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | | | - Julia P.G. Jones
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Adrian Martin
- School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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4
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Simmance FA, Nico G, Funge-Smith S, Basurto X, Franz N, Teoh SJ, Byrd KA, Kolding J, Ahern M, Cohen PJ, Nankwenya B, Gondwe E, Virdin J, Chimatiro S, Nagoli J, Kaunda E, Thilsted SH, Mills DJ. Proximity to small-scale inland and coastal fisheries is associated with improved income and food security. COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 3:174. [PMID: 35966220 PMCID: PMC9362682 DOI: 10.1038/s43247-022-00496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Poverty and food insecurity persist in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted a secondary analysis of nationally representative data from three sub-Saharan Africa countries (Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda) to investigate how both proximity to and engagement with small-scale fisheries are associated with household poverty and food insecurity. Results from the analysis suggest that households engaged in small-scale fisheries were 9 percentage points less likely to be poor than households engaged only in agriculture. Households living in proximity to small-scale fisheries (average distance 2.7 km) were 12.6 percentage points more likely to achieve adequate food security and were 15 percentage points less likely to be income poor, compared to the most distant households. Households distant from fishing grounds (>5 km) were 1.5 times more likely to consume dried fish compared to households living close. Conserving the flow of benefits from small-scale fisheries is important for meeting the Sustainable Development Goals in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gianluigi Nico
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Simon Funge-Smith
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Xavier Basurto
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - Nicole Franz
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Molly Ahern
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Edith Gondwe
- Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - John Virdin
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | | | | | - Emmanuel Kaunda
- Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | - David J. Mills
- WorldFish, Penang, Malaysia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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Cartmill MK, Blackmore I, Sarange C, Mbeyu R, Cheupe C, Cheupe J, Kamau-Mbuthia E, Iannotti L, Wamukota A, Humphries A, Lesorogol C. Fish and complementary feeding practices for young children: Qualitative research findings from coastal Kenya. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265310. [PMID: 35286341 PMCID: PMC8920237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines barriers to fish consumption during the complementary feeding period in two coastal counties of Kenya with high rates of child malnutrition. Study findings indicate that young child fish consumption is impacted by factors related to accessibility, food preferences, and caregiver's knowledge and beliefs about fish during the complementary feeding period. These factors are influenced by prominent community figures such as elder women and health workers, whose own beliefs and understandings are impacted by underlying cultural norms, potentially limiting fish consumption. To our knowledge, this is the first study conducted in the coastal region of Kenya to focus on understanding fish consumption attitudes and beliefs during the complementary feeding phase. Our findings represent a critical first step towards the creation of more effective policies and interventions to address the significant nutritional disparities that exist in the study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kate Cartmill
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ivy Blackmore
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | | | - Ruth Mbeyu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya
| | | | - Joaquim Cheupe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | | | - Lora Iannotti
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Andrew Wamukota
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Austin Humphries
- Department of Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Carolyn Lesorogol
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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6
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Simmance FA, Simmance AB, Kolding J, Schreckenberg K, Tompkins E, Poppy G, Nagoli J. A photovoice assessment for illuminating the role of inland fisheries to livelihoods and the local challenges experienced through the lens of fishers in a climate-driven lake of Malawi. AMBIO 2022; 51:700-715. [PMID: 34170476 PMCID: PMC8231085 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Small-scale inland capture fisheries provide an important source of nutritious food, employment and income to millions of people in developing countries, particularly in rural environments where limited alternatives exist. However, the sector is one of most under-valued fisheries sectors and is increasingly experiencing environmental change. This study adopts a Sustainable Livelihoods Approach and investigates how important a fluctuating inland fishery is to livelihoods, and how local perceptions on challenges corresponds to global evidence. Through an innovative participatory method; photovoice, the lived experiences and perceptions of fishers are depicted. The findings illuminate the valuable role of the sector to food and nutrition security and the complex nexus with vulnerability to climate change. The study responds to the call for more local level assessments of the impacts of climate change on inland fisheries in data-limited environments, and the value of the sector in underpinning the Sustainable Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Armstrong Simmance
- WorldFish, Jalan Batu Maung, Batu Maung, 11960 Bayan Lepas, Pulau Pinang Malaysia
- University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | | | - Jeppe Kolding
- University of Bergen, Postboks 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Emma Tompkins
- Garden Court Office Park, Area 11, Office Block 3, P. O. Box 30294, Capital City, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Guy Poppy
- University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Joseph Nagoli
- Garden Court Office Park, Area 11, Office Block 3, P. O. Box 30294, Capital City, Lilongwe, Malawi
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7
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Golden CD, Gephart JA, Eurich JG, McCauley DJ, Sharp MK, Andrew NL, Seto KL. Social-ecological traps link food systems to nutritional outcomes. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Hutton GB, Brugulat-Panés A, Bhagtani D, Mba Maadjhou C, Birch JM, Shih H, Okop K, Muti M, Wadende P, Tatah L, Mogo E, Guariguata L, Unwin N. A Systematic Scoping Review of the Impacts of Community Food Production Initiatives in Kenya, Cameroon, and South Africa. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH REPORTS 2021; 5:e2021010. [PMID: 33829114 PMCID: PMC7610539 DOI: 10.29392/001c.19468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, one in two people in Africa were food insecure. The burden of malnutrition remains high (e.g. childhood stunting, anaemia in women of reproductive age) or are increasing (e.g. overweight and obesity). A range of coordinated actions are required to improve this situation, including increasing local food production and consumption. The aim of this review was to provide a systematic and comprehensive overview of recently published research into the health, social, economic, and environmental impacts of community food production initiatives (CFPIs) in Kenya, Cameroon and South Africa. METHODS We searched eight electronic databases covering health, social, environmental, economic and agricultural sciences. Primary research studies published from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2018 were considered. Data on geographic location, study design, type of CFPI and the impacts assessed were abstracted from eligible articles. FINDINGS We identified 4828 articles, 260 of which required full-text review and 118 met our eligibility criteria. Most research was conducted in Kenya (53.4%) and South Africa (38.1%). The categories of CFPIs studied were (in order of decreasing frequency): crop farming, livestock farming, unspecified farming, fisheries, home / school gardens, urban agriculture, and agroforestry. The largest number of studies were on the economic and environmental impacts of CFPIs, followed by their health and social impacts. The health impacts investigated included food security, nutrition status and dietary intake. One study investigated the potential impact of CFPIs on non-communicable diseases. Over 60% of studies investigated a single category of impact. Not one of the studies explicitly used a theoretical framework to guide its design or interpretation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings on research studies of CFPIs suggest the need for a greater focus on interdisciplinary research in order to improve understanding of the relationships between their health, environmental, economic, and social impacts. Greater use of explicit theoretical frameworks could assist in research design and interpretation, helping to ensure its relevance to informing coordinated intersectoral interventions and policy initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gráinne B Hutton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Divya Bhagtani
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Camille Mba Maadjhou
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jack M Birch
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hueyjong Shih
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kufre Okop
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Monica Muti
- MRC-Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Pamela Wadende
- School of Education and Human Resource Development (SEDHURED) Kisii University, Kenya
| | - Lambed Tatah
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ebele Mogo
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leonor Guariguata
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Barbados
| | - Nigel Unwin
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter
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9
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Gibson E, Stacey N, Sunderland TCH, Adhuri DS. Coping or adapting? Experiences of food and nutrition insecurity in specialised fishing households in Komodo District, eastern Indonesia. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:355. [PMID: 33588828 PMCID: PMC7885255 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10248-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing recognition of the need for fish to be better integrated into nutrition-sensitive strategies for addressing malnutrition. Fish are overwhelmingly produced by the small-scale sector, which supports food and nutrition security directly through the provision of fish and indirectly through the generation of income which can be used to purchase other desired foods. However, there has been relatively little research on the extent of food and nutrition security in specialised fishing communities. This study assessed food and nutrition security among households in specialised fishing communities in Komodo District, eastern Indonesia. METHODS We assessed the seasonal nutrition quality of household diets using the Food Consumption Score for nutritional analysis and food insecurity using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale in 66 households across three communities, using a modified cluster sampling strategy. We calculated and generated descriptive statistics for these indicators with Microsoft Excel and ran a logistic generalized linear mixed model to determine factors associated with severe food insecurity using SPSS. We used semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions to understand perceptions of, change over time, and strategies for dealing with food shortfalls. RESULTS While most households have acceptable access to nutritious foods, especially protein and heme iron-rich foods, nearly one half of households consumed vitamin A rich foods on less than 3 days of the 7-day recall period in either season. More than half of households reported experiencing a moderate or severe level of food insecurity, with higher food insecurity in the wet season. Low maternal education (OR: 3.8, 95%CI 1.5-9.9) and lower household wealth (OR: 0.5, 95%CI 0.3-0.9) were found to be associated with a severe level of food insecurity. Household's consumptive and non-consumptive response strategies reflect adaptation to chronic food insecurity but are nutritionally and economically unsustainable. CONCLUSION Households in specialised fishing communities in Komodo District consumed diets with low diversity and experienced high levels of food insecurity. There is a need for culturally-appropriate nutrition-sensitive strategies to enhance food and nutrition security in vulnerable fishing communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Gibson
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Darwin, Northern Territory Australia
| | - Natasha Stacey
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Darwin, Northern Territory Australia
| | - Terry C. H. Sunderland
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Colombia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Dedi S. Adhuri
- Research Centre for Society and Culture, Indonesia Institute of Sciences, Jl.Jend Gatot Subroto 10, Jakarta, Indonesia
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10
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Dietary diversity and fish consumption of mothers and their children in fisher households in Komodo District, eastern Indonesia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230777. [PMID: 32236144 PMCID: PMC7112201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-scale coastal fisheries contribute directly and indirectly to the food and nutrition security of marine-dependent households. Fishers can apportion part of their catch for household consumption or use the income earned to purchase staples and other desired foods. Fish are an important animal-source food rich in micronutrients essential for cognitive development of children and for adult health, and a valuable addition to rice-based diets. Furthermore, the engagement of women in fisheries value chains and increased control over income may facilitate decision-making which improves nutrition outcomes for women and their children. Despite these contributions, food insecurity remains prevalent in many low and middle income fish-producing countries. This paper reports findings from an exploration of the interplaying factors leading to food and nutrition insecurity in three marine-dependent coastal communities in eastern Indonesia, focusing on the consumption pathway, that is, the contribution of fish to the diets and nutrition of women and children. The research was undertaken as a mixed-methods case study. The study found that over 50% of mother-child pairs failed to meet the minimum recommended dietary diversity, and, while fish was the main animal-source food in diets, the introduction of fish to infant and young child diets was delayed due to fears of allergies and illnesses. Moreover, access to nutrient-dense foods was affected by variable and insufficient income from fisheries-based livelihoods, isolation from markets, and the broader food environment. Given the shift towards 'nutrition-sensitive interventions' to improve the livelihoods and well-being of fisher households, these results highlight the need for analysis of the intra-household sharing of fish within fisher households, culturally-appropriate strategies to improve the quality of family and especially complementary foods, and efforts to increase physical access to nutrient-dense foods.
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11
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Urbanization, livestock systems and food security in developing countries: A systematic review of the literature. Food Secur 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-019-00906-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Verger EO, Ballard TJ, Dop MC, Martin-Prevel Y. Systematic review of use and interpretation of dietary diversity indicators in nutrition-sensitive agriculture literature. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY-AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Buckley SM, McClanahan TR, Quintana Morales EM, Mwakha V, Nyanapah J, Otwoma LM, Pandolfi JM. Identifying species threatened with local extinction in tropical reef fisheries using historical reconstruction of species occurrence. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211224. [PMID: 30759107 PMCID: PMC6373906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the species that are at risk of local extinction in highly diverse ecosystems is a big challenge for conservation science. Assessments of species status are costly and difficult to implement in developing countries with diverse ecosystems due to a lack of species-specific surveys, species-specific data, and other resources. Numerous techniques are devised to determine the threat status of species based on the availability of data and budgetary limits. On this basis, we developed a framework that compared occurrence data of historically exploited reef species in Kenya from existing disparate data sources. Occurrence data from archaeological remains (750-1500CE) was compared with occurrence data of these species catch assessments, and underwater surveys (1991-2014CE). This comparison indicated that only 67 species were exploited over a 750 year period, 750-1500CE, whereas 185 species were landed between 1995 and 2014CE. The first step of our framework identified 23 reef species as threatened with local extinction. The second step of the framework further evaluated the possibility of local extinction with Bayesian extinction analyses using occurrence data from naturalists’ species list with the existing occurrence data sources. The Bayesian extinction analysis reduced the number of reef species threatened with local extinction from 23 to 15. We compared our findings with three methods used for assessing extinction risk. Commonly used extinction risk methods varied in their ability to identify reef species that we identified as threatened with local extinction by our comparative and Bayesian method. For example, 12 of the 15 threatened species that we identified using our framework were listed as either least concern, unevaluated, or data deficient in the International Union for the Conservation of Nature red list. Piscivores and macro-invertivores were the only functional groups found to be locally extinct. Comparing occurrence data from disparate sources revealed a large number of historically exploited reef species that are possibly locally extinct. Our framework addressed biases such as uncertainty in priors, sightings and survey effort, when estimating the probability of local extinction. Our inexpensive method showed the value and potential for disparate data to fill knowledge gaps that exist in species extinction assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Buckley
- Australia Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Tim R. McClanahan
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Marine Programs, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Victor Mwakha
- Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Jatieno Nyanapah
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Marine Programs, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Levy M. Otwoma
- Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Mombasa, Kenya
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, Bremen, Germany
| | - John M. Pandolfi
- Australia Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Kamat VR, Woo Kinshella ML. Food insecurity and coping strategies in a marine protected area in southeastern Tanzania. Ecol Food Nutr 2018; 57:187-205. [DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2018.1455672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinay R. Kamat
- Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mai-Lei Woo Kinshella
- Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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15
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McClanahan TR, Maina JM, Graham NAJ, Jones KR. Modeling Reef Fish Biomass, Recovery Potential, and Management Priorities in the Western Indian Ocean. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154585. [PMID: 27149673 PMCID: PMC4858301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish biomass is a primary driver of coral reef ecosystem services and has high sensitivity to human disturbances, particularly fishing. Estimates of fish biomass, their spatial distribution, and recovery potential are important for evaluating reef status and crucial for setting management targets. Here we modeled fish biomass estimates across all reefs of the western Indian Ocean using key variables that predicted the empirical data collected from 337 sites. These variables were used to create biomass and recovery time maps to prioritize spatially explicit conservation actions. The resultant fish biomass map showed high variability ranging from ~15 to 2900 kg/ha, primarily driven by human populations, distance to markets, and fisheries management restrictions. Lastly, we assembled data based on the age of fisheries closures and showed that biomass takes ~ 25 years to recover to typical equilibrium values of ~1200 kg/ha. The recovery times to biomass levels for sustainable fishing yields, maximum diversity, and ecosystem stability or conservation targets once fishing is suspended was modeled to estimate temporal costs of restrictions. The mean time to recovery for the whole region to the conservation target was 8.1(± 3SD) years, while recovery to sustainable fishing thresholds was between 0.5 and 4 years, but with high spatial variation. Recovery prioritization scenario models included one where local governance prioritized recovery of degraded reefs and two that prioritized minimizing recovery time, where countries either operated independently or collaborated. The regional collaboration scenario selected remote areas for conservation with uneven national responsibilities and spatial coverage, which could undermine collaboration. There is the potential to achieve sustainable fisheries within a decade by promoting these pathways according to their social-ecological suitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R. McClanahan
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Marine Programs, Coral Reef Conservation Project, Mombasa, Kenya
- * E-mail:
| | - Joseph M. Maina
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Marine Programs, Coral Reef Conservation Project, Mombasa, Kenya
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environment Decisions, Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Nicholas A. J. Graham
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Kendall R. Jones
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environment Decisions, Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Basurto X, Blanco E, Nenadovic M, Vollan B. Integrating simultaneous prosocial and antisocial behavior into theories of collective action. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1501220. [PMID: 26973871 PMCID: PMC4783120 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Trust and cooperation constitute cornerstones of common-pool resource theory, showing that "prosocial" strategies among resource users can overcome collective action problems and lead to sustainable resource governance. Yet, antisocial behavior and especially the coexistence of prosocial and antisocial behaviors have received less attention. We broaden the analysis to include the effects of both "prosocial" and "antisocial" interactions. We do so in the context of marine protected areas (MPAs), the most prominent form of biodiversity conservation intervention worldwide. Our multimethod approach relied on lab-in-the-field economic experiments (n = 127) in two MPA and two non-MPA communities in Baja California, Mexico. In addition, we deployed a standardized fishers' survey (n = 544) to verify the external validity of our findings and expert informant interviews (n = 77) to develop potential explanatory mechanisms. In MPA sites, prosocial and antisocial behavior is significantly higher, and the presence of antisocial behavior does not seem to have a negative effect on prosocial behavior. We suggest that market integration, economic diversification, and strengthened group identity in MPAs are the main potential mechanisms for the simultaneity of prosocial and antisocial behavior we observed. This study constitutes a first step in better understanding the interaction between prosociality and antisociality as related to natural resources governance and conservation science, integrating literatures from social psychology, evolutionary anthropology, behavioral economics, and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Basurto
- Duke Marine Lab, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Esther Blanco
- Department of Public Finance, Innsbruck University, Innsbruck, Austria
- The Ostrom Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - Mateja Nenadovic
- Duke Marine Lab, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
| | - Björn Vollan
- Department of Public Finance, Innsbruck University, Innsbruck, Austria
- School of Business and Economics, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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Abstract
Over the last fifteen years, Payments for Environmental Services (PES) schemes have become very popular environmental policy instruments, but the academic literature has begun to question their additionality. The literature attempts to estimate the causal effect of these programs by applying impact evaluation (IE) techniques. However, PES programs are complex instruments and IE methods cannot be directly applied without adjustments. Based on a systematic review of the literature, this article proposes a framework for the methodological process of designing an IE for PES schemes. It revises and discusses the methodological choices at each step of the process and proposes guidelines for practitioners.
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