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Qin C, Fan X, Fang Q, Yu H, Ni L, Jiang M. Abscisic acid-induced H 2O 2 production positively regulates the activity of SAPK8/9/10 through oxidation of the type one protein phosphatase OsPP47. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39219038 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Subclass III sucrose nonfermenting1-related protein kinase 2s (SnRK2s) are positive regulators of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and abiotic stress responses. However, the underlying activation mechanisms of osmotic stress/ABA-activated protein kinase 8/9/10 (SAPK8/9/10) of rice (Oryza sativa) subclass III SnRK2s in ABA signaling remain to be elucidated. In this study, we employed biochemical, molecular biology, cell biology, and genetic approaches to identify the molecular mechanism by which OsPP47, a type one protein phosphatase in rice, regulates SAPK8/9/10 activity in ABA signaling. We found that OsPP47 not only physically interacted with SAPK8/9/10 but also interacted with ABA receptors PYLs. OsPP47 negatively regulated ABA sensitivity in seed germination and root growth. In the absence of ABA, OsPP47 directly inactivated SAPK8/9/10 by dephosphorylation. In the presence of ABA, ABA-bound OsPYL2 formed complexes with OsPP47 and inhibited its phosphatase activity, partially releasing the inhibition of SAPK8/9/10. SAPK8/9/10-mediated H2O2 production inhibited OsPP47 activity by oxidizing Cys-116 and Cys-256 to form OsPP47 oligomers, resulting in not only preventing the OsPP47-SAPK8/9/10 interaction but also blocking the inhibition of SAPK8/9/10 activity by OsPP47. Our results reveal novel pathways for the inhibition of SAPK8/9/10 in the basal state and for the activation of SAPK8/9/10 induced by ABA in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihua Qin
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xing Fan
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qianqian Fang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Honghua Yu
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lan Ni
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mingyi Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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2
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Ji E, Hu S, Lu Q, Zhang M, Jiang M. Hydrogen peroxide positively regulates ABA signaling via oxidative modification of the C2H2-type zinc finger protein ZFP36 in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108844. [PMID: 38885566 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The rice zinc finger protein ZFP36 serves as a pivotal regulator of the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) signaling pathway in response to abscisic acid (ABA). Its role is crucial for integrating H2O2 signals with the plant defense mechanisms against water deficit and oxidative stress. However, it remains unclear whether ZFP36 directly modulates ABA-induced H2O2 signaling. This study explored the effects of oxidative post-translational modifications (OxiPTMs) on ZFP36 in rice, with an emphasis on the H2O2-induced oxidation through its cysteine (Cys) residues. We found that ZFP36 undergoes oxidative modification as a target of H2O2 in the presence of ABA, specifically at Cys32. Employing quantitative detection and fluorescence assays, we observed that ZFP36 oxidation enhances the expression and activity of genes encoding protective antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, our investigation into the thioredoxin (Trx) and glutaredoxin (Grx) families revealed that OsTrxh1 facilitates the reduction of oxidized ZFP36. Genetic evidence indicates that ZFP36 positively influences rice resilience to oxidative and water stress, while OsTrxh1 exerts an opposing effect. These insights reveal a distinctive pathway for plant cells to perceive ABA-induced H2O2 signaling, advance our comprehension of H2O2 signaling dynamics, and ABA-related plant responses, and lay a vital groundwork for enhancing crop stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ji
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Shubao Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Qiuping Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Mingyi Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
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3
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Gan X, Sengottaiyan P, Park KH, Assmann SM, Albert R. A network-based modeling framework reveals the core signal transduction network underlying high carbon dioxide-induced stomatal closure in guard cells. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002592. [PMID: 38691548 PMCID: PMC11090369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Stomata are pores on plant aerial surfaces, each bordered by a pair of guard cells. They control gas exchange vital for plant survival. Understanding how guard cells respond to environmental signals such as atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels is not only insightful to fundamental biology but also relevant to real-world issues of crop productivity under global climate change. In the past decade, multiple important signaling elements for stomatal closure induced by elevated CO2 have been identified. Yet, there is no comprehensive understanding of high CO2-induced stomatal closure. In this work, we assemble a cellular signaling network underlying high CO2-induced stomatal closure by integrating evidence from a comprehensive literature analysis. We further construct a Boolean dynamic model of the network, which allows in silico simulation of the stomatal closure response to high CO2 in wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana plants and in cases of pharmacological or genetic manipulation of network nodes. Our model has a 91% accuracy in capturing known experimental observations. We perform network-based logical analysis and reveal a feedback core of the network, which dictates cellular decisions in closure response to high CO2. Based on these analyses, we predict and experimentally confirm that applying nitric oxide (NO) induces stomatal closure in ambient CO2 and causes hypersensitivity to elevated CO2. Moreover, we predict a negative regulatory relationship between NO and the protein phosphatase ABI2 and find experimentally that NO inhibits ABI2 phosphatase activity. The experimental validation of these model predictions demonstrates the effectiveness of network-based modeling and highlights the decision-making role of the feedback core of the network in signal transduction. We further explore the model's potential in predicting targets of signaling elements not yet connected to the CO2 network. Our combination of network science, in silico model simulation, and experimental assays demonstrates an effective interdisciplinary approach to understanding system-level biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Gan
- Institute for AI in Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Palanivelu Sengottaiyan
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kyu Hyong Park
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sarah M Assmann
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Réka Albert
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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4
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Rachowka J, Anielska-Mazur A, Bucholc M, Stephenson K, Kulik A. SnRK2.10 kinase differentially modulates expression of hub WRKY transcription factors genes under salinity and oxidative stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1135240. [PMID: 37621885 PMCID: PMC10445769 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1135240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
In nature, all living organisms must continuously sense their surroundings and react to the occurring changes. In the cell, the information about these changes is transmitted to all cellular compartments, including the nucleus, by multiple phosphorylation cascades. Sucrose Non-Fermenting 1 Related Protein Kinases (SnRK2s) are plant-specific enzymes widely distributed across the plant kingdom and key players controlling abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent and ABA-independent signaling pathways in the plant response to osmotic stress and salinity. The main deleterious effects of salinity comprise water deficiency stress, disturbances in ion balance, and the accompanying appearance of oxidative stress. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated at the early stages of salt stress are involved in triggering intracellular signaling required for the fast stress response and modulation of gene expression. Here we established in Arabidopsis thaliana that salt stress or induction of ROS accumulation by treatment of plants with H2O2 or methyl viologen (MV) induces the expression of several genes encoding transcription factors (TFs) from the WRKY DNA-Binding Protein (WRKY) family. Their induction by salinity was dependent on SnRK2.10, an ABA non-activated kinase, as it was strongly reduced in snrk2.10 mutants. The effect of ROS was clearly dependent on their source. Following the H2O2 treatment, SnRK2.10 was activated in wild-type (wt) plants and the induction of the WRKY TFs expression was only moderate and was enhanced in snrk2.10 lines. In contrast, MV did not activate SnRK2.10 and the WRKY induction was very strong and was similar in wt and snrk2.10 plants. A bioinformatic analysis indicated that the WRKY33, WRKY40, WRKY46, and WRKY75 transcription factors have a similar target range comprising numerous stress-responsive protein kinases. Our results indicate that the stress-related functioning of SnRK2.10 is fine-tuned by the source and intracellular distribution of ROS and the co-occurrence of other stress factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anna Kulik
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Beltrán J, Steiner PJ, Bedewitz M, Wei S, Peterson FC, Li Z, Hughes BE, Hartley Z, Robertson NR, Medina-Cucurella AV, Baumer ZT, Leonard AC, Park SY, Volkman BF, Nusinow DA, Zhong W, Wheeldon I, Cutler SR, Whitehead TA. Rapid biosensor development using plant hormone receptors as reprogrammable scaffolds. Nat Biotechnol 2022; 40:1855-1861. [PMID: 35726092 PMCID: PMC9750858 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01364-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A general method to generate biosensors for user-defined molecules could provide detection tools for a wide range of biological applications. Here, we describe an approach for the rapid engineering of biosensors using PYR1 (Pyrabactin Resistance 1), a plant abscisic acid (ABA) receptor with a malleable ligand-binding pocket and a requirement for ligand-induced heterodimerization, which facilitates the construction of sense-response functions. We applied this platform to evolve 21 sensors with nanomolar to micromolar sensitivities for a range of small molecules, including structurally diverse natural and synthetic cannabinoids and several organophosphates. X-ray crystallography analysis revealed the mechanistic basis for new ligand recognition by an evolved cannabinoid receptor. We demonstrate that PYR1-derived receptors are readily ported to various ligand-responsive outputs, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-like assays, luminescence by protein-fragment complementation and transcriptional circuits, all with picomolar to nanomolar sensitivity. PYR1 provides a scaffold for rapidly evolving new biosensors for diverse sense-response applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Beltrán
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Paul J Steiner
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Matthew Bedewitz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Shuang Wei
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Francis C Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Zongbo Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Brigid E Hughes
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Zachary Hartley
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas R Robertson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, USA
| | | | - Zachary T Baumer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Alison C Leonard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Sang-Youl Park
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Wenwan Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Ian Wheeldon
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
| | - Sean R Cutler
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
| | - Timothy A Whitehead
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
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6
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Bi G, Hu M, Fu L, Zhang X, Zuo J, Li J, Yang J, Zhou JM. The cytosolic thiol peroxidase PRXIIB is an intracellular sensor for H 2O 2 that regulates plant immunity through a redox relay. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:1160-1175. [PMID: 36241731 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01252-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rapid production of H2O2 is a hallmark of plant responses to diverse pathogens and plays a crucial role in signalling downstream of various receptors that perceive immunogenic patterns. However, mechanisms by which plants sense H2O2 to regulate immunity remain poorly understood. We show that endogenous H2O2 generated upon immune activation is sensed by the thiol peroxidase PRXIIB via oxidation at Cys51, and this is essential for stomatal immunity against Pseudomonas syringae. We further show that in immune-stimulated cells, PRXIIB conjugates via Cys51 with the type 2C protein phosphatase ABA insensitive 2 (ABI2), subsequently transducing H2O2 signal to ABI2. This oxidation dramatically sensitizes H2O2-mediated inhibition of the ABI2 phosphatase activity in vitro and is required for stomatal immunity in plants. Together, our results illustrate a redox relay, with PRXIIB as a sensor for H2O2 and ABI2 as a target protein, that mediates reactive oxygen species signalling during plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhi Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Man Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianru Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China.
| | - Jian-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China.
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7
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Maszkowska J, Szymańska KP, Kasztelan A, Krzywińska E, Sztatelman O, Dobrowolska G. The Multifaceted Regulation of SnRK2 Kinases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092180. [PMID: 34571829 PMCID: PMC8465348 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SNF1-related kinases 2 (SnRK2s) are central regulators of plant responses to environmental cues simultaneously playing a pivotal role in the plant development and growth in favorable conditions. They are activated in response to osmotic stress and some of them also to abscisic acid (ABA), the latter being key in ABA signaling. The SnRK2s can be viewed as molecular switches between growth and stress response; therefore, their activity is tightly regulated; needed only for a short time to trigger the response, it has to be induced transiently and otherwise kept at a very low level. This implies a strict and multifaceted control of SnRK2s in plant cells. Despite emerging new information concerning the regulation of SnRK2s, especially those involved in ABA signaling, a lot remains to be uncovered, the regulation of SnRK2s in an ABA-independent manner being particularly understudied. Here, we present an overview of available data, discuss some controversial issues, and provide our perspective on SnRK2 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Maszkowska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (J.M.); (A.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Patrycja Szymańska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (J.M.); (A.K.); (E.K.)
- Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Adrian Kasztelan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (J.M.); (A.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Ewa Krzywińska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (J.M.); (A.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Olga Sztatelman
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (J.M.); (A.K.); (E.K.)
- Correspondence: (O.S.); (G.D.); Tel.: +48-22-5925718 (G.D.)
| | - Grażyna Dobrowolska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (J.M.); (A.K.); (E.K.)
- Correspondence: (O.S.); (G.D.); Tel.: +48-22-5925718 (G.D.)
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8
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Siodmak A, Hirt H. Stomatal regulation: Role of H 2S-induced persulfidation in ABA signaling. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:858-860. [PMID: 33845207 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Siodmak
- DARWIN21, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heribert Hirt
- DARWIN21, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia; Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr. Bohrgasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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9
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AbdElgawad H, Zinta G, Hamed BA, Selim S, Beemster G, Hozzein WN, Wadaan MAM, Asard H, Abuelsoud W. Maize roots and shoots show distinct profiles of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense under heavy metal toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113705. [PMID: 31864075 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal accumulation in agricultural land causes crop production losses worldwide. Metal homeostasis within cells is tightly regulated. However, homeostasis breakdown leads to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Overall plant fitness under stressful environment is determined by coordination between roots and shoots. But little is known about organ specific responses to heavy metals, whether it depends on the metal category (redox or non-redox reactive) and if these responses are associated with heavy metal accumulation in each organ or there are driven by other signals. Maize seedlings were subjected to sub-lethal concentrations of four metals (Zn, Ni, Cd and Cu) individually, and were quantified for growth, ABA level, and redox alterations in roots, mature leaves (L1,2) and young leaves (L3,4) at 14 and 21 days after sowing (DAS). The treatments caused significant increase in endogenous metal levels in all organs but to different degrees, where roots showed the highest levels. Biomass was significantly reduced under heavy metal stress. Although old leaves accumulated less heavy metal content than root, the reduction in their biomass (FW) was more pronounced. Metal exposure triggered ABA accumulation and stomatal closure mainly in older leaves, which consequently reduced photosynthesis. Heavy metals induced oxidative stress in the maize organs, but to different degrees. Tocopherols, polyphenols and flavonoids increased specifically in the shoot under Zn, Ni and Cu, while under Cd treatment they played a minor role. Under Cu and Cd stress, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activities were induced in the roots, however ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity was only increased in the older leaves. Overall, it can be concluded that root and shoot organs specific responses to heavy metal toxicity are not only associated with heavy metal accumulation and they are specialized at the level of antioxidants to cope with.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada AbdElgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Gaurav Zinta
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Center of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Badreldin A Hamed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Samy Selim
- Microbiology and Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, P.O. 41522, Egypt
| | - Gerrit Beemster
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wael N Hozzein
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A M Wadaan
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Han Asard
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Walid Abuelsoud
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, P.O. 12613, Egypt.
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10
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Chen K, Li GJ, Bressan RA, Song CP, Zhu JK, Zhao Y. Abscisic acid dynamics, signaling, and functions in plants. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:25-54. [PMID: 31850654 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 611] [Impact Index Per Article: 152.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important phytohormone regulating plant growth, development, and stress responses. It has an essential role in multiple physiological processes of plants, such as stomatal closure, cuticular wax accumulation, leaf senescence, bud dormancy, seed germination, osmotic regulation, and growth inhibition among many others. Abscisic acid controls downstream responses to abiotic and biotic environmental changes through both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. During the past 20 years, ABA biosynthesis and many of its signaling pathways have been well characterized. Here we review the dynamics of ABA metabolic pools and signaling that affects many of its physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kong Chen
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guo-Jun Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ray A Bressan
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
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11
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Bhaskara GB, Wong MM, Verslues PE. The flip side of phospho-signalling: Regulation of protein dephosphorylation and the protein phosphatase 2Cs. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2913-2930. [PMID: 31314921 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a key signalling mechanism and has myriad effects on protein function. Phosphorylation by protein kinases can be reversed by protein phosphatases, thus allowing dynamic control of protein phosphorylation. Although this may suggest a straightforward kinase-phosphatase relationship, plant genomes contain five times more kinases than phosphatases. Here, we examine phospho-signalling from a protein phosphatase centred perspective and ask how relatively few phosphatases regulate many phosphorylation sites. The most abundant class of plant phosphatases, the protein phosphatase 2Cs (PP2Cs), is surrounded by a web of regulation including inhibitor and activator proteins as well as posttranslational modifications that regulate phosphatase activity, control phosphatase stability, or determine the subcellular locations where the phosphatase is present and active. These mechanisms are best established for the Clade A PP2Cs, which are key components of stress and abscisic acid signalling. We also describe other PP2C clades and illustrate how these phosphatases are highly regulated and involved in a wide range of physiological functions. Together, these examples of multiple layers of phosphatase regulation help explain the unbalanced kinase-phosphatase ratio. Continued use of phosphoproteomics to examine phosphatase targets and phosphatase-kinase relationships will be important for deeper understanding of phosphoproteome regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min May Wong
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Paul E Verslues
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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12
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Steiner PJ, Bedewitz MA, Medina‐Cucurella AV, Cutler SR, Whitehead TA. A yeast surface display platform for plant hormone receptors: Toward directed evolution of new biosensors. AIChE J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Steiner
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado Boulder Colorado
| | - Matthew A. Bedewitz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado Boulder Colorado
| | | | - Sean R. Cutler
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California Riverside California
| | - Timothy A. Whitehead
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado Boulder Colorado
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan
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13
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Signorelli S, Tarkowski ŁP, Van den Ende W, Bassham DC. Linking Autophagy to Abiotic and Biotic Stress Responses. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:413-430. [PMID: 30824355 PMCID: PMC6475611 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a process in which cellular components are delivered to lytic vacuoles to be recycled and has been demonstrated to promote abiotic/biotic stress tolerance. Here, we review how the responses triggered by stress conditions can affect autophagy and its signaling pathways. Besides the role of SNF-related kinase 1 (SnRK1) and TOR kinases in the regulation of autophagy, abscisic acid (ABA) and its signaling kinase SnRK2 have emerged as key players in the induction of autophagy under stress conditions. Furthermore, an interplay between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy is observed, ROS being able to induce autophagy and autophagy able to reduce ROS production. We also highlight the importance of osmotic adjustment for the successful performance of autophagy and discuss the potential role of GABA in plant survival and ethylene (ET)-induced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Signorelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 12900, Uruguay.
| | | | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diane C Bassham
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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14
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Ni L, Fu X, Zhang H, Li X, Cai X, Zhang P, Liu L, Wang Q, Sun M, Wang QW, Zhang A, Zhang Z, Jiang M. Abscisic Acid Inhibits Rice Protein Phosphatase PP45 via H 2O 2 and Relieves Repression of the Ca 2+/CaM-Dependent Protein Kinase DMI3. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:128-152. [PMID: 30538152 PMCID: PMC6391686 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In plants, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) is a positive regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) responses, including root growth, antioxidant defense, and tolerance of both water stress and oxidative stress. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show a direct interaction between DMI3 (Doesn't Make Infections 3), a rice (Oryza sativa) CCaMK and PP45, a type 2C protein phosphatase in rice (PP2C). This interaction involves the CaM binding domain of DMI3 and the PP2C domain of PP45. In the absence of ABA, PP45 directly inactivates DMI3 by dephosphorylating Thr-263 in DMI3. However, in the presence of ABA, ABA-induced H2O2 production by the NADPH oxidases RbohB/E inhibits the activity of PP45 not only by inhibiting the expression of PP45 but also by oxidizing Cys-350 and Cys-428 residues to form PP45 intermolecular dimers. ABA-induced oxidation of Cys-350 and Cys-428 in PP45 blocked the interaction between PP45 and DMI3 and substantially prevented PP45-mediated inhibition in DMI3 activity. Genetic analysis indicated that PP45 is an important negative regulator of ABA signaling. These results reveal important pathways for the inhibition of DMI3 under the basal state and for its ABA-induced activation in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ni
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaopu Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiang Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qingwen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Manman Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qian-Wen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Aying Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhengguang Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingyi Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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15
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Roustan V, Weckwerth W. Quantitative Phosphoproteomic and System-Level Analysis of TOR Inhibition Unravel Distinct Organellar Acclimation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1590. [PMID: 30546371 PMCID: PMC6280106 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapamycin is an inhibitor of the evolutionary conserved Target of Rapamycin (TOR) kinase which promotes and coordinates translation with cell growth and division. In heterotrophic organisms, TOR regulation is based on intra- and extracellular stimuli such as amino acids level and insulin perception. However, how plant TOR pathways have evolved to integrate plastid endosymbiosis is a remaining question. Despite the close association of the TOR signaling with the coordination between protein turn-over and growth, proteome and phosphoproteome acclimation to a rapamycin treatment have not yet been thoroughly investigated in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In this study, we have used in vivo label-free phospho-proteomic analysis to profile both protein and phosphorylation changes at 0, 24, and 48 h in Chlamydomonas cells treated with rapamycin. Using multivariate statistics we highlight the impact of TOR inhibition on both the proteome and the phosphoproteome. Two-way ANOVA distinguished differential levels of proteins and phosphoproteins in response either to culture duration and rapamycin treatment or combined effects. Finally, protein-protein interaction networks and functional enrichment analysis underlined the relation between plastid and mitochondrial metabolism. Prominent changes of proteins involved in sulfur, cysteine, and methionine as well as nucleotide metabolism on the one hand, and changes in the TCA cycle on the other highlight the interplay of chloroplast and mitochondria metabolism. Furthermore, TOR inhibition revealed changes in the endomembrane trafficking system. Phosphoproteomics data, on the other hand, highlighted specific differentially regulated phosphorylation sites for calcium-regulated protein kinases as well as ATG7, S6K, and PP2C. To conclude we provide a first combined Chlamydomonas proteomics and phosphoproteomics dataset in response to TOR inhibition, which will support further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Roustan
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Wolfram Weckwerth,
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16
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Abstract
Kinase-mediated phosphorylation is a pivotal regulatory process in stomatal responses to stresses. Through a redox proteomics study, a sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase (SnRK2.4) was identified to be redox-regulated in Brassica napus guard cells upon abscisic acid treatment. There are six genes encoding SnRK2.4 paralogs in B. napus Here, we show that recombinant BnSnRK2.4-1C exhibited autophosphorylation activity and preferentially phosphorylated the N-terminal region of B. napus slow anion channel (BnSLAC1-NT) over generic substrates. The in vitro activity of BnSnRK2.4-1C requires the presence of manganese (Mn2+). Phosphorylation sites of autophosphorylated BnSnRK2.4-1C were mapped, including serine and threonine residues in the activation loop. In vitro BnSnRK2.4-1C autophosphorylation activity was inhibited by oxidants such as H2O2 and recovered by active thioredoxin isoforms, indicating redox regulation of BnSnRK2.4-1C. Thiol-specific isotope tagging followed by mass spectrometry analysis revealed specific cysteine residues responsive to oxidant treatments. The in vivo activity of BnSnRK2.4-1C is inhibited by 15 min of H2O2 treatment. Taken together, these data indicate that BnSnRK2.4-1C, an SnRK preferentially expressed in guard cells, is redox-regulated with potential roles in guard cell signal transduction.
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17
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Xu F, Jiang M, Meng F. Short-term effect of elevated CO 2 concentration (0.5%) on mitochondria in diploid and tetraploid black locust ( Robinia pseudoacacia L.). Ecol Evol 2017; 7:4651-4660. [PMID: 28690795 PMCID: PMC5496526 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent increases in atmospheric CO 2 concentration have affected the growth and physiology of plants. In this study, plants were grown with 0.5% CO 2 for 0, 3, and 6 days. The anatomy, fluorescence intensity of H2O2, respiration rate, and antioxidant activities of the mitochondria were analyzed in diploid (2×) and tetraploid (4×) black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.). Exposure to 0.5% CO 2 resulted in clear structural alterations and stomatal closure in the mitochondria. Reduced membrane integrity and increased structural damage were observed in 2× plants at 6 days. However, after 0.5% CO 2 treatment, little structural damage was observed in 4× plants. Under severe stress, H2O2 and malondialdehyde were dramatically induced in both 2× and 4× plants. Proline remains unchanged at an elevated CO 2 concentration in 4× plants. Moreover, the total respiration and alternative respiration rates decreased in both 2× and 4× plants. In contrast, the cytochrome pathway showed no decrease in 2× plants and even increased slightly in 4× plants. The antioxidant enzymes and nonenzymatic antioxidants, which are related to the ascorbate-glutathione pathway, were inhibited following CO 2 exposure. These analyses indicated that 4× and 2× plants were damaged by 0.5% CO 2 but the former were more resistant than the latter, and this may be due to increases in antioxidant enzymes and nonenzymatic antioxidants and stabilized membrane structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuling Xu
- College of Life ScienceNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Mingquan Jiang
- College of Life ScienceNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
- Jilin Province Product Quality Supervision and Inspection InstituteChangchunChina
| | - Fanjuan Meng
- College of Life ScienceNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
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18
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Krzywińska E, Bucholc M, Kulik A, Ciesielski A, Lichocka M, Dębski J, Ludwików A, Dadlez M, Rodriguez PL, Dobrowolska G. Phosphatase ABI1 and okadaic acid-sensitive phosphoprotein phosphatases inhibit salt stress-activated SnRK2.4 kinase. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:136. [PMID: 27297076 PMCID: PMC4907068 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0817-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SNF1-related protein kinases 2 (SnRK2s) are key regulators of the plant response to osmotic stress. They are transiently activated in response to drought and salinity. Based on a phylogenetic analysis SnRK2s are divided into three groups. The classification correlates with their response to abscisic acid (ABA); group 1 consists SnRK2s non-activated in response to ABA, group 2, kinases non-activated or weakly activated (depending on the plant species) by ABA treatment, and group 3, ABA-activated kinases. The activity of all SnRK2s is regulated by phosphorylation. It is well established that clade A phosphoprotein phosphatases 2C (PP2Cs) are negative regulators of ABA-activated SnRK2s, whereas regulators of SnRK2s from group 1 remain unidentified. RESULTS Here, we show that ABI1, a PP2C clade A phosphatase, interacts with SnRK2.4, member of group 1 of the SnRK2 family, dephosphorylates Ser158, whose phosphorylation is needed for the kinase activity, and inhibits the kinase, both in vitro and in vivo. Our data indicate that ABI1 and the kinase regulate primary root growth in response to salinity; the phenotype of ABI1 knockout mutant (abi1td) exposed to salt stress is opposite to that of the snrk2.4 mutant. Moreover, we show that the activity of SnRK2s from group 1 is additionally regulated by okadaic acid-sensitive phosphatase(s) from the phosphoprotein phosphatase (PPP) family. CONCLUSIONS Phosphatase ABI1 and okadaic acid-sensitive phosphatases of the PPP family are negative regulators of salt stress-activated SnRK2.4. The results show that ABI1 inhibits not only the ABA-activated SnRK2s but also at least one ABA-non-activated SnRK2, suggesting that the phosphatase is involved in the cross talk between ABA-dependent and ABA-independent stress signaling pathways in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Krzywińska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
- Present address: Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Bucholc
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kulik
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Ciesielski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
- Present address: Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteur 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Lichocka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Dębski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ludwików
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Dadlez
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pedro L Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, ES-46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Grażyna Dobrowolska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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19
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Qiao M, Sun J, Liu N, Sun T, Liu G, Han S, Hou C, Wang D. Changes of Nitric Oxide and Its Relationship with H2O2 and Ca2+ in Defense Interactions between Wheat and Puccinia Triticina. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132265. [PMID: 26185989 PMCID: PMC4506137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, the wheat cultivar 'Lovrin 10' and Puccinia triticina races 165 and 260 were used to constitute compatible and incompatible combinations to investigate the relationship between NO and H2O2 and between NO and calcium (Ca(2+)) signaling in the cell defense process by pharmacological means. The specific fluorescent probe DAF-FM DA was coupled with confocal laser scanning microscopy and used to label intracellular nitric oxide (NO) and monitoring the real-time NO dynamics during the processes of wheat defense response triggered by P. triticina infection. The results showed that at 4 h after inoculation, weak green fluorescence was observed in the stomatal guard cells at the P. triticina infection site in the incompatible combination, which indicates a small amount of NO production. Twelve hours after inoculation, the fluorescence of NO in- cell adjacent to the stomata gradually intensified, and the NO fluorescent area also expanded continuously; the green fluorescence primarily occurred in the cells undergoing a hypersensitive response (HR) at 24-72 h after inoculation. For the compatible combination, however, a small amount of green fluorescence was observed in stomata where the pathogenic contact occurred at 4 h after inoculation, and fluorescence was not observed thereafter. Injections of the NO scavenger c-PTIO prior to inoculation postponed the onset of NO production to 48 h after inoculation and suppressed HR advancement. The injection of imidazole, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, or EGTA, an extracellular calcium chelator, in the leaves prior to inoculation, delayed the onset of NO production in the incompatible combination and suppressed HR advancement. Combined with our previous results, it could be concluded that, Ca(2+) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are involved in upstream of NO production to induce the HR cell death during P. triticina infection, and Ca(2+), NO and H2O2 are jointly involved in the signal transduction process of HR in the interaction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Qiao
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jiawei Sun
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Na Liu
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Tianjie Sun
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shengfang Han
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Chunyan Hou
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
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20
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Lu Y, Yamaguchi J, Sato T. Integration of C/N-nutrient and multiple environmental signals into the ABA signaling cascade. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1048940. [PMID: 26786013 PMCID: PMC4854351 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1048940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to their immobility, plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to robustly monitor and appropriately respond to dynamic changes in nutrient availability. Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are especially important in regulating plant metabolism and development, thereby affecting crop productivity. In addition to their independent utilization, the ratio of C to N metabolites in the cell, referred to as the "C/N balance", is important for the regulation of plant growth, although molecular mechanisms mediating C/N signaling remain unclear. Recently ABI1, a protein phosphatase type 2C (PP2C), was shown to be a regulator of C/N response in Arabidopsis plants. ABI1 functions as a negative regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) signal transduction. ABA is versatile phytohormone that regulates multiple aspects of plant growth and adaptation to environmental stress. This review highlights the regulation of the C/N response mediated by a non-canonical ABA signaling pathway that is independent of ABA biosynthesis, as well as recent findings on the direct crosstalk between multiple cellular signals and the ABA signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Life Science; Hokkaido University; Kita-ku Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junji Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Life Science; Hokkaido University; Kita-ku Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeo Sato
- Faculty of Science and Graduate School of Life Science; Hokkaido University; Kita-ku Sapporo, Japan
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