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Wang X, Li N, Zhang J, Wang J, Wei Y, Yang J, Sun D, Liu L, Nian H, Wei R. AS101 regulates the Teff/Treg balance to alleviate rabbit autoimmune dacryoadenitis through modulating NFATc2. Exp Eye Res 2024; 244:109937. [PMID: 38782179 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) dry eye can cause ocular surface inflammation and lacrimal gland (LG) damage, leading to discomfort and potential vision problems. The existing treatment options for SS dry eye are currently constrained. We investigated the possible therapeutic effect and the underlying mechanism of AS101 in autoimmune dry eye. AS101 was injected subconjunctivally into a rabbit model of autoimmune dacryoadenitis and its therapeutic effects were determined by evaluating clinical and histological scores. The expressions of effector T cells (Teff)/regulatory T cells (Treg)-related transcription factors and cytokines, inflammation mediators, and transcription factor NFATc2 were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and/or Western blot both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, the role of NFATc2 in the immunomodulatory effects of AS101 on T cells was explored by co-culturing activated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) transfected with NFATc2 overexpression lentiviral plasmid with AS101. AS101 treatment potently ameliorated the clinical severity and reduced the inflammation of LG. Further investigation revealed that AS101 treatment led to decreased expression of Th1-related genes (T-bet and IFN-γ) and Th17-related genes (RORC, IL-17A, IL-17F, and GM-CSF) and increased expression of Treg-related gene Foxp3 in vivo and in vitro. Meanwhile, AS101 suppressed the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-23, IL-6, MMP-2, and MMP-9. Mechanistically, AS101 downregulated the expression of NFATc2 in inflamed LGs. Overexpression of NFATc2 in activated PBLs partially blunted the effect of AS101 on Teff suppression and Treg promotion. In conclusion, AS101 is a potential regulator of Teff/Treg cell balance and could be an effective treatment agent for SS dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin China, China
| | - Na Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin China, China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin China, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin China, China
| | - Yankai Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin China, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin China, China
| | - Deming Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute, And Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin China, China
| | - Hong Nian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin China, China.
| | - Ruihua Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin China, China.
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Ren H, Huang M, Ou L, Deng X, Wu X, Gong Q, Liu B. Autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine attenuates renal injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 27:793-800. [PMID: 38800022 PMCID: PMC11127078 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2024.71378.15518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate whether 3-methyladenine (3-MA) can protect the kidney of streptozotocin (STZ) - induced diabetes mice, and explore its possible mechanism. Materials and Methods STZ was used to induce diabetes in C57BL/6J mice. The mice were divided into normal control group (NC), diabetes group (DM), and diabetes+3-MA intervention group (DM+3-MA). Blood glucose, water consumption, and body weight were recorded weekly. At the end of the 6th week of drug treatment, 24-hour urine was collected. Blood and kidneys were collected for PAS staining to evaluate the degree of renal injury. Sirius red staining was used to assess collagen deposition. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and 24-hour urine albumin were used to evaluate renal function. Western blot was used to detect fibrosis-related protein, inflammatory mediators, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)/NF-κB signal pathway molecule, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and podocin, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression and localization of autophagy-related protein and fibronectin. Results Compared with the kidney of normal control mice, the kidney of diabetes control mice was more pale and hypertrophic. Hyperglycemia induces renal autophagy and activates the HMGB1/NF-κB signal pathway, leading to the increase of inflammatory mediators, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and proteinuria in the kidney. In diabetic mice treated with 3-MA, blood glucose decreased, autophagy and HMGB1/NF-κB signaling pathways in the kidneys were inhibited, and proteinuria, renal hypertrophy, inflammation, and fibrosis were improved. Conclusion 3-MA can attenuate renal injury in STZ-induced diabetic mice through inhibition of autophagy and HMGB1/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402760, China
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Mengxin Huang
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Liwen Ou
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Xuan Deng
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Benju Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
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Hu T, Chen F, Chen D, Liang H. DNMT3a negatively regulates PTEN to activate the PI3K/AKT pathway to aggravate renal fibrosis. Cell Signal 2022; 96:110352. [PMID: 35523401 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal fibrosis has become one of the major diseases threatening global public health and harming human life and health. PTEN methylation plays an important role in fibrotic diseases of many organs. However, the relationship between PTEN methylation and renal fibrosis is still elusive. METHODS In the present study, we established a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mouse model in vivo and a transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-stimulated renal tubular epithelial cell (HK-2) model in vitro. The degree of renal interstitial fibrosis was detected by haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Masson's trichrome staining. Western blot (WB), qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and methylation-specific PCR (MSP) analyses were used to determine the mechanism by which PTEN methylation regulates renal fibrosis. The α-SMA fibrosis marker was detected by immunofluorescence (IF). Additionally, the relationship of PTEN and DNMT3a in UUO was determined by ChIP-qRT-PCR. RESULTS Our results showed that the promoter region of PTEN was methylated in UUO. Compared to the sham group, the expression of PTEN was significantly reduced in the UUO group. However, the demethylation reagent significantly inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which showed increased expression of E-cadherin and decreased expression of α-SMA and fibronectin. Moreover, treatment of HK-2 cells with 5-aza-dc reversed the activation of the TGF-β1-induced PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, which inhibited renal fibrosis. WB analysis demonstrated that TGF-β1 inhibited the PTEN protein expression level and DNMT3a knockdown reversed the inhibitory effect of TGF-β1 on PTEN expression. Furthermore, ChIP-qRT-PCR showed that DNMT3a interacted with PTEN. Finally, we found that DNMT3a negatively regulated PTEN to activate the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway and aggravate renal fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION In summary, these results indicated that renal fibrosis is related to the downregulation of PTEN. Additionally, DNMT3a negatively regulates PTEN to activate the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway and induce EMT in renal tubular epithelial cells, thereby aggravating renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hongqing Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, China..
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Sun A, Sun N, Liang X, Hou Z. Circ-FBXW12 aggravates the development of diabetic nephropathy by binding to miR-31-5p to induce LIN28B. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:141. [PMID: 34863268 PMCID: PMC8642853 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The involvement of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in diabetic nephropathy (DN) has been gradually identified. In this study, we aimed to explore the functions of circRNA F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 12 (circ-FBXW12) in DN development. METHODS Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay was performed for the levels of circ-FBXW12, FBXW12 mRNA, microRNA-31-5p (miR-31-5p) and Lin-28 homolog B (LIN28B) mRNA. RNase R assay was used to analyze the stability of circ-FBXW12. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, flow cytometry analysis and 5-ethynyl-2'- deoxyuridine (EdU) assay were employed to evaluate cell viability, cell cycle and proliferation, respectively. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was done to measure the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines. Western blot assay was conducted for protein levels. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were examined with commercial kits. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay were performed to verify the relationships among circ-FBXW12, miR-31-5p and LIN28B. RESULTS Circ-FBXW12 level was increased in DN patients' serums and high glucose (HG)-induced human mesangial cells (HMCs). Circ-FBXW12 knockdown suppressed cell proliferation, arrested cell cycle, reduced extracellular matrix (ECM) production and oxidative stress in HG-induced HMCs. Circ-FBXW12 was identified as the sponge for miR-31-5p, which then directly targeted LIN28B. MiR-31-5p inhibition reversed circ-FBXW12 knockdown-mediated effects on cell proliferation, cell cycle process, ECM production and oxidative in HG-triggered HMCs. Moreover, miR-31-5p overexpression showed similar results with circ-FBXW12 knockdown in HG-stimulated HMC progression, while LIN28B elevation reversed the effects. CONCLUSION Circ-FBXW12 knockdown suppressed HG-induced HMC growth, inflammation, ECM accumulation and oxidative stress by regulating miR-31-5p/LIN28B axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zibo First Hospital, Zibo, 255200, Shandong, China
| | - Ningshuang Sun
- Chinese Traditional College of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenbo Hou
- Department of Pathology, Zibo Central Hospital, No. 54 Gongqingtuan West Road, Zhangdian District, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Wang X, Liu Y, Rong J, Wang K. LncRNA HCP5 knockdown inhibits high glucose-induced excessive proliferation, fibrosis and inflammation of human glomerular mesangial cells by regulating the miR-93-5p/HMGA2 axis. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:134. [PMID: 34187448 PMCID: PMC8243433 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00781-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are widely reported to be involved in the development of human diseases. HLA complex P5 (HCP5) deregulation is associated with various diseases. However, the function of HCP5 in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is unclear. METHODS Human glomerular mesangial cells (HGMCs) were treated with high glucose (HG) to establish DN cell models. The expression of HCP5, miR-93-5p and high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) mRNA was detected using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR). Cell proliferation and cell apoptosis were assessed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry assay, respectively. The expression of apoptosis- and fibrosis-related proteins and HMGA2 protein was quantified by western blot. The release of pro-inflammatory factor was checked using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The predicted relationship between miR-93-5p and HCP5 or HMGA2 was verified using dual-luciferase reporter assay, pull-down assay or RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. RESULTS The expression of HCP5 and HMGA2 was enhanced, while the expression of miR-93-5p was declined in DN serum samples and HG-treated HGMCs. HCP5 knockdown or miR-93-5p restoration ameliorated HG-induced HGMC proliferation, fibrosis and inflammation. MiR-93-5p was a target of HCP5, and miR-93-5p inhibition reversed the effects caused by HCP5 knockdown. Moreover, HMGA2 was a target of miR-93-5p, and HMGA2 overexpression abolished the effects of miR-93-5p restoration. HCP5 knockdown inhibited the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. CONCLUSION HCP5 was implicated in DN progression by modulating the miR-93-5p/HMGA2 axis, which provided new insights into the understanding of DN pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Department of International Medical Center, Tianjin Hospital, No. 406, Jiefangnan Road, Tianjin City, 300211, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Rong
- Department of Emergency internal medicine, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of International Medical Center, Tianjin Hospital, No. 406, Jiefangnan Road, Tianjin City, 300211, China.
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Zhu H, Fang Z, Chen J, Yang Y, Gan J, Luo L, Zhan X. PARP-1 and SIRT-1 are Interacted in Diabetic Nephropathy by Activating AMPK/PGC-1α Signaling Pathway. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:355-366. [PMID: 33531822 PMCID: PMC7846827 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s291314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a metabolic disorder characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). This study aims to investigate whether exists an interplay between poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT-1) in DN via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) signaling pathway. METHODS Eight-week-old male obese leptin-resistant (db/db) mice and nondiabetic control male C57BLKs/J (db/m) mice were used in this study. Body weight and blood glucose were evaluated after 6 h of fasting, which continues for 4 weeks. The kidney tissues were dissected for Western blot, immunofluorescence (IF) assay. Besides, PARP activity assay, MTT assay, NAD+ qualification, Western blot and IF were also performed to detect the level and relation of PARP-1 and SIRT-1 in mouse mesangial cells (MCs) with or without high glucose followed by inhibiting or elevating PARP-1 and SIRT-1, respectively. RESULTS Western blotting shows PARP-1 and ECM marker fibronectin (FN) are upregulated while SIRT-1 is downregulated in db/db mice (p<0.05) or in mouse MCs with high glucose (p<0.05), which are significantly restored by PARP-1 inhibitor (PJ34) (p<0.05) and SIRT-1 lentiviral transfected treatment (p<0.05), or worsened by SIRT-1 inhibitor EX527 (p<0.05). PJ34 treatment (p < 0.05) or SIRT-1 overexpression (p < 0.05) could increase PGC-1α and p-AMPK levels, concomitant with down expression of FN, however, were reversed in the presence of EX527 (p<0.05). DISCUSSION Our results suggest an important relationship between PARP-1 and SIRT-1 through AMPK-PGC-1α pathway, indicating a potential therapeutic method for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengmei Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang330006, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi Fang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiehui Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiacheng Gan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou341000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Liang Luo Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou341000, People’s Republic of China Tel/Fax +8613807979503 Email
| | - Xiaojiang Zhan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang330006, People’s Republic of China
- Xiaojiang Zhan Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang330006, People’s Republic of China Tel/Fax +8613507919885 Email
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Approaches and Technologies in Male Fertility Preservation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155471. [PMID: 32751826 PMCID: PMC7432867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Male fertility preservation is required when treatment with an aggressive chemo-/-radiotherapy, which may lead to irreversible sterility. Due to new and efficient protocols of cancer treatments, surviving rates are more than 80%. Thus, these patients are looking forward to family life and fathering their own biological children after treatments. Whereas adult men can cryopreserve their sperm for future use in assistance reproductive technologies (ART), this is not an option in prepubertal boys who cannot produce sperm at this age. In this review, we summarize the different technologies for male fertility preservation with emphasize on prepubertal, which have already been examined and/or demonstrated in vivo and/or in vitro using animal models and, in some cases, using human tissues. We discuss the limitation of these technologies for use in human fertility preservation. This update review can assist physicians and patients who are scheduled for aggressive chemo-/radiotherapy, specifically prepubertal males and their parents who need to know about the risks of the treatment on their future fertility and the possible present option of fertility preservation.
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Yang G, Jin L, Zheng D, Tang X, Yang J, Fan L, Xie X. Fucoxanthin Alleviates Oxidative Stress through Akt/Sirt1/FoxO3α Signaling to Inhibit HG-Induced Renal Fibrosis in GMCs. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17120702. [PMID: 31842414 PMCID: PMC6950607 DOI: 10.3390/md17120702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the main marine carotenoids, fucoxanthin has strong antioxidant activity. FoxO3α, a member of the forkhead box O family of transcription factors, plays an important role in DN by regulating oxidative stress. The activity of FoxO3α is related to its phosphorylation and acetylation status, regulated by Akt and Sirt1, a lysine deacetylase. Our study aimed to investigate whether fucoxanthin could alleviate oxidative stress and fibrosis via FoxO3α in DN and whether Akt and Sirt1 were involved. We found that in GMCs cultured in HG, fucoxanthin treatment significantly reduced the expression of FN and collagen IV, as well as reactive oxygen species generation, suggesting that fucoxanthin is beneficial to alleviate both fibrosis and oxidative stress in DN. In addition, we found that fucoxanthin decreased the phosphorylation and acetylation level of FoxO3α, reversed the protein level of FoxO3α inhibited by HG, and then promoted the nuclear transport of FoxO3α. Besides, fucoxanthin promoted the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase, a downstream target of FoxO3α. Furthermore, we found that fucoxanthin reversed the activation of Akt and inhibition of Sirt1. However, the enhancement of fucoxanthin in FoxO3α expression and nuclear transport was significantly decreased by pretreatment with Akt activator SC79 or Sirt1 inhibitor EX527. In summary, our study explored fucoxanthin alleviated oxidative stress and fibrosis induced by HG through Akt/Sirt1/FoxO3α signaling in GMCs, suggesting fucoxanthin is a potential therapeutic strategy for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (G.Y.)
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (G.Y.)
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Dongxiao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (G.Y.)
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiaoliang Tang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Junwei Yang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lingxuan Fan
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (G.Y.)
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18-6089-58-617
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Bing SJ, Shemesh I, Chong WP, Horai R, Jittayasothorn Y, Silver PB, Sredni B, Caspi RR. AS101 ameliorates experimental autoimmune uveitis by regulating Th1 and Th17 responses and inducing Treg cells. J Autoimmun 2019; 100:52-61. [PMID: 30853312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AS101 is an organotellurium compound with multifaceted immunoregulatory properties that is remarkable for its lack of toxicity. We tested the therapeutic effect of AS101 in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), a model for human autoimmune uveitis. Unexpectedly, treatment with AS101 elicited Treg generation in vivo in otherwise unmanipulated mice. Mice immunized for EAU with the retinal antigen IRBP and treated with AS101 developed attenuated disease, as did AS101-treated recipients of retina-specific T cells activated in vitro. In both settings, eye-infiltrating effector T cells were decreased, whereas regulatory T (Treg) cells in the spleen were increased. Mechanistic studies in vitro revealed that AS101 restricted polarization of retina-specific T cells towards Th1 or Th17 lineage by repressing activation of their respective lineage-specific transcription factors and downstream signals. Retina-specific T cells polarized in vitro towards Th1 or Th17 in the presence of AS101 had impaired ability to induce EAU in naïve recipients. Finally, AS101 promoted differentiation of retina-specific T cells to Tregs in vitro independently of TGF-β. We conclude that AS101 modulates autoimmune T cells by inhibiting acquisition and expression of effector function and by promoting Treg generation, and suggest that AS101 could be useful as a therapeutic approach for autoimmune uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Jin Bing
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Itay Shemesh
- C.A.I.R. Institute, Safdié AIDS and Immunology Research Center, Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Wai Po Chong
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Reiko Horai
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yingyos Jittayasothorn
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Phyllis B Silver
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Benjamin Sredni
- C.A.I.R. Institute, Safdié AIDS and Immunology Research Center, Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel.
| | - Rachel R Caspi
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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A Glimpse of the Mechanisms Related to Renal Fibrosis in Diabetic Nephropathy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1165:49-79. [PMID: 31399961 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common kidney disease in people with diabetes, which is also a serious microvascular complication of diabetes and the main cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in developed and developing countries. Renal fibrosis is a finally pathological change in DN. Nevertheless, the relevant mechanism of cause to renal fibrosis in DN is still complex. In this review, we summarized that the role of cell growth factors, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the renal fibrosis of DN, we also highlighted the miRNA and inflammatory cells, such as macrophage, T lymphocyte, and mastocyte modulate the progression of DN. In addition, there are certain other mechanisms that may yet be conclusively defined. Recent studies demonstrated that some of the new signaling pathways or molecules, such as Notch, Wnt, mTOR, Epac-Rap-1 pathway, may play a pivotal role in the modulation of ECM accumulation and renal fibrosis in DN. This review aims to elucidate the mechanism of renal fibrosis in DN and has provided new insights into possible therapeutic interventions to inhibit renal fibrosis and delay the development of DN.
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Kato M. Noncoding RNAs as therapeutic targets in early stage diabetic kidney disease. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2018; 37:197-209. [PMID: 30254844 PMCID: PMC6147183 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.2018.37.3.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major renal complication of diabetes that leads to renal dysfunction and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Major features of DKD include accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins and glomerular hypertrophy, especially in early stage. Transforming growth factor-β plays key roles in regulation of profibrotic genes and signal transducers such as Akt kinase and MAPK as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidant stress, and autophagy related to hypertrophy in diabetes. Many drugs targeting the pathogenic signaling in DKD (mostly through protein-coding genes) are under development. However, because of the limited number of protein-coding genes, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are attracting more attention as potential new drug targets for human diseases. Some miRNAs and lncRNAs regulate each other (by hosting, enhancing transcription from the neighbor, hybridizing each other, and changing chromatin modifications) and create circuits and cascades enhancing the pathogenic signaling in DKD. In this short and focused review, the functional significance of ncRNAs (miRNAs and lncRNAs) in the early stages of DKD and their therapeutic potential are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Kato
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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12
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Wang X, Gao Y, Tian N, Zhu Z, Wang T, Xu J, Wu B, Zhang N. Astragaloside IV represses high glucose-induced mesangial cells activation by enhancing autophagy via SIRT1 deacetylation of NF-κB p65 subunit. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:2971-2980. [PMID: 30254426 PMCID: PMC6140761 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s174058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aim Mesangial cell (MC) activation plays an important role in many glomerular diseases associated with renal fibrosis, including diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The aim of this study was to determine whether Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) modulated MC activation in DKD via autophagy by specifically regulating the autophagy inducer sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Methods Cultured MCs and diabetic KK-Ay mice were treated with AS-IV, and the markers and regulatory mediators of autophagy were analyzed using Western blotting, real-time PCR, ELISA and IF. Results AS-IV inhibited MC activation and enhanced autophagy in hyperglycemic conditions by increasing SIRT1 expression and decreasing NF-κB p65 acetylation. In addition, the SIRT1 activator SRT1720 enhanced autophagy and decreased p65 acetylation during hyperglycemia-induced MC activation. Opposite effects were seen with the SIRT1 inhibitor EX527. Furthermore, the ameliorative effect of AS-IV on MCs was abolished by the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA, while the autophagy activator rapamycin restored hyperglycemia-induced MC activation. Finally, AS-IV improved renal function and fibrosis in the diabetic KK-Ay mice. Conclusion AS-IV ameliorated renal function and morphology by inducing autophagy and inhibiting MC activation through the SIRT1-NF-κB pathway, indicating a potential therapeutic role of AS-IV in glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, .,Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,
| | - Yanbin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, .,Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,
| | - Nianxiu Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,
| | - Zhiyao Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,
| | - Jiayi Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,
| | - Bingjie Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,
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Abstract
Tellurium (Te) is widely used in industry because it has unique physicochemical properties. Although Te is a non-essential element in animals and plants, it is expected to be metabolized to organometallic compounds having a carbon-Te bond in living organisms exposed to inorganic Te compounds. Thus, the speciation and identification of tellurometabolites are expected to contribute to the depiction of the metabolic chart of Te. Speciation by elemental mass spectrometry and identification by molecular mass spectrometry coupled with separation techniques have significantly contributed to the discovery of tellurometabolites in animals and plants. The aim of this mini review is to present recent advances in the biology and toxicology of tellurium as revealed by speciation and identification by molecular mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumitsu Ogra
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
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Liu T, Duan W, Nizigiyimana P, Gao L, Liao Z, Xu B, Liu L, Lei M. Alpha-mangostin attenuates diabetic nephropathy in association with suppression of acid sphingomyelianse and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:394-400. [PMID: 29317203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication of diabetes, but there are currently few treatment options. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the effect of alpha-mangostin on diabetic nephropathy and possible related mechanisms. METHODS Goto-Kakizaki rats were used as a diabetic model and received alpha-mangostin or desipramine treatment with normal saline as a control. Ten age-matched Sprague Dawley rats were used as normal controls and treated with normal saline. At week 12, blood glucose, albuminuria, apoptosis and renal pathologic changes were assessed. Protein levels for acid sphingomyelinase, glucose-regulated protein 78, phosphorylated PKR-like ER-resident kinase, activated transcription factor 4, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein, homologous protein), and cleaved-caspase12 were measured. RESULTS The level of acid sphingomyelinase was significantly increased, and ER stress was activated in diabetic rat kidneys when compared to the control animals. When acid sphingomyelinase was inhibited by alpha-mangostin, the expression of ER stress-related proteins was down-regulated in association with decreased levels of diabetic kidney injury. CONCLUSIONS Alpha-mangostin, an acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor plays a protective role in diabetic neuropathy by relieving ER stress induced-renal cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; Department of Endocrinology, Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570208, China
| | - Wang Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Paul Nizigiyimana
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Zhouning Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Boya Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Lerong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Minxiang Lei
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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Gonadectomy prevents the increase in blood pressure and glomerular injury in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 knockout diabetic male mice. Effects on renin-angiotensin system. J Hypertens 2017; 34:1752-65. [PMID: 27379538 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) deletion worsens kidney injury, and its amplification ameliorates diabetic nephropathy. Male sex increases the incidence, prevalence, and progression of chronic kidney disease in our environment. METHOD Here, we studied the effect of ACE2 deficiency and gonadectomy (GDX) on diabetic nephropathy and its relationship with fibrosis, protein kinase B (Akt) activation, and the expression of several components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS).Mice were injected with streptozotocin to induce diabetes and followed for 19 weeks. Physiological and renal parameters were studied in wild-type and ACE2 knockout (ACE2KO) male mice with and without GDX. RESULTS Diabetic ACE2KO showed increased blood pressure (BP), glomerular injury, and renal fibrosis compared with diabetic wild-type. Gonadectomized diabetic ACE2KO presented a decrease in BP. In the absence of ACE2, GDX attenuated albuminuria and renal lesions, such as mesangial matrix expansion and podocyte loss. Both, α-smooth muscle actin accumulation and collagen deposition were significantly decreased in renal cortex of gonadectomized diabetic ACE2KO but not diabetic wild-type mice. GDX also reduced circulating ACE activity in ACE2KO mice. Loss of ACE2 modified the effect of GDX on cortical gene expression of RAS in diabetic mice. Akt phosphorylation in renal cortex was increased by diabetes and loss of ACE2 and decreased by GDX in control and diabetic ACE2KO but not in wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that GDX may exert a protective effect within the kidney under pathological conditions of diabetes and ACE2 deficiency. This renoprotection may be ascribed to different mechanisms such as decrease in BP, modulation of RAS, and downregulation of Akt-related pathways.
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Song J, Wang Y, Liu C, Huang Y, He L, Cai X, Lu J, Liu Y, Wang D. Cordyceps militaris fruit body extract ameliorates membranous glomerulonephritis by attenuating oxidative stress and renal inflammation via the NF-κB pathway. Food Funct 2016; 7:2006-15. [PMID: 27008597 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01017a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) is a common pathogenesis of nephritic syndrome in adult patients. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) serves as the main transcription factor for the inflammatory response mediated nephropathy. Cordyceps militaris, containing various pharmacological components, has been used as a kind of crude drug and folk tonic food for improving immunity and reducing inflammation. The current study aims to investigate the renoprotective activity of Cordyceps militaris aqueous extract (CM) in the cationic bovine serum albumin (C-BSA)-induced rat model of membranous glomerulonephritis. Significant renal dysfunction was observed in MGN rats; comparatively, 4-week CM administration strongly decreased the levels of 24 h urine protein, total cholesterol, triglyceride, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, and increased the levels of serum albumin and total serum protein. Strikingly, recovery of the kidney histological architecture was noted in CM-treated MGN rats. A significant improvement in the glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase levels, and a reduced malondialdehyde concentration were observed in the serum and kidney of CM-treated rats. Altered levels of inflammatory cytokines including interleukins, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular adhesion molecule 1, tumor necrosis factor-α, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α, and nuclear transcriptional factor subunit NF-κB p65 reverted to normal levels upon treatment with CM. The present data suggest that CM protects rats against membranous glomerulonephritis via the normalization of NF-κB activity, thereby inhibiting oxidative damage and reducing inflammatory cytokine levels, which further provide experimental evidence in support of the clinical use of CM as an effective renoprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Song
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Yingwu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Chungang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Yan Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110015, China
| | - Liying He
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110015, China
| | - Xueying Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Jiahui Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Di Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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Gnudi L, Coward RJM, Long DA. Diabetic Nephropathy: Perspective on Novel Molecular Mechanisms. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:820-830. [PMID: 27470431 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally, and novel treatments are urgently needed. Current therapeutic approaches for diabetic nephropathy (DN) are focussing on blood pressure control with inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, on glycaemic and lipid control, and life-style changes. In this review, we highlight new molecular insights aiding our understanding of the initiation and progression of DN, including glomerular insulin resistance, dysregulation of cellular substrate utilisation, podocyte-endothelial communication, and inhibition of tubular sodium coupled glucose reabsorption. We believe that these mechanisms offer new therapeutic targets that can be exploited to develop important renoprotective treatments for DN over the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Gnudi
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Richard J M Coward
- Academic Renal Unit, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - David A Long
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
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18
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Guo F, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Ren L, Zhou Y, Ma X, Wu L, Qin G. Effects of FoxO1 on podocyte injury in diabetic rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 466:260-6. [PMID: 26361145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of forkhead transcription factor O1 (FoxO1) on podocyte injury in rats with diabetic nephropathy. METHODS Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were served as DM group, while DM rats transfected with blank lentiviral vectors (LV-pSC-GFP) or lentiviral vectors carrying constitutively active FoxO1 (LV-CA-FoxO1) were served as LV-NC group or LV-CA group, respectively. The control group (NG) consisted of uninduced rats that received an injection of diluent buffer. At 2, 4, and 8 weeks after transfection, the levels of urine albumin, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and urine podocalyxin were measured. Real-time PCR and western blotting were performed to measure mRNA and protein levels of FoxO1, podocalyxin, nephrin, and desmin in renal cortex. In addition, light and electron microscopy were used to detect structural changes in the glomerulus and podocytes. RESULTS Compared with the rats in LV-NC and DM groups, LV-CA rats showed a significant increase in FoxO1 mRNA and protein levels and a distinct decrease in urine albumin, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine (except at the two-week time point) levels (p < 0.05). Podocalyxin and nephrin mRNA and protein levels increased (p < 0.05), whereas desmin mRNA and protein levels decreased (p < 0.05). Pathological changes in glomerulus were also ameliorated in LV-CA group. CONCLUSIONS Upregulating expression of FoxO1 by transduction with recombinant lentivirus ameliorates podocyte injury in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Qingzhu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yingni Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Lina Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Guijun Qin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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Quiroga B, Arroyo D, de Arriba G. Present and future in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:801348. [PMID: 25945357 PMCID: PMC4405221 DOI: 10.1155/2015/801348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Albuminuria is recognized as the most important prognostic factor for chronic kidney disease progression. For this reason, blockade of renin-angiotensin system remains the main recommended strategy, with either angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers. However, other antiproteinuric treatments have begun to be studied, such as direct renin inhibitors or aldosterone blockers. Beyond antiproteinuric treatments, other drugs such as pentoxifylline or bardoxolone have yielded conflicting results. Finally, alternative pathogenic pathways are being explored, and emerging therapies including antifibrotic agents, endothelin receptor antagonists, or transcription factors show promising results. The aim of this review is to explain the advances in newer agents to treat diabetic kidney disease, along with the background of the renin-angiotensin system blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Quiroga
- Nephrology Unit, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Spain
| | - David Arroyo
- Nephrology Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Gabriel de Arriba
- Nephrology Unit, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Spain
- Medicine and Medicine Specialities Department, Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Madrid, Spain
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