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Yeganeh L, Willey S, Wan CS, Bahri Khomami M, Chehrazi M, Cook O, Webber K. The effects of lifestyle and behavioural interventions on cancer recurrence, overall survival and quality of life in breast cancer survivors: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Maturitas 2024; 185:107977. [PMID: 38574414 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2024.107977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Lifestyle/behavioural interventions may improve breast cancer outcomes and quality of life (QoL); however, uncertainty remains about the most effective interventions due to limited evidence. This study aimed to assess and compare the effects of lifestyle/behavioural interventions on cancer recurrence, survival and QoL in breast cancer survivors. Electronic databases including Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and EBM Reviews were searched for relevant literature. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs comparing a lifestyle/behavioural intervention with a control condition in breast cancer survivors were included. Outcomes included cancer recurrence, overall survival and QoL. A network meta-analysis synthesized intervention effect. Studies not included in the analysis were reported narratively. Of 6251 identified articles, 38 studies met the selection criteria. Limited evidence exists on the impacts of lifestyle/behavioural interventions on breast cancer recurrence/survival. Exercise was identified as the most effective intervention in improving overall survival (HR 0.50, 95 % CI 0.36, 0.68). Lifestyle/behavioural interventions may improve QoL; psychosocial interventions (SMD 1.28, 95 % CI 0.80, 1.77) and aerobic-resistance exercise (SMD 0.33, 95 % CI -0.03, 0.69) were the most effective interventions to enhance QoL. This review highlights potential post-breast cancer benefits from lifestyle/behavioural interventions, notably exercise and psychosocial support for QoL and exercise for overall survival. Thus, encouraging active lifestyle, stress management and coping skills programs during and after cancer treatment may enhance physical wellbeing and QoL. However, the findings should be interpreted with caution due to the small number and sample sizes of studies. Future longer-term RCTs are required for conclusive recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Yeganeh
- Monash Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, VIC, Australia.
| | - Suzanne Willey
- Monash Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Peninsula Campus, VIC, Australia
| | - Ching Shan Wan
- Nursing Research Institute, St Vincent's Health Network Sydney, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne & Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mahnaz Bahri Khomami
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Mohammad Chehrazi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Olivia Cook
- Monash Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; McGrath Foundation, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate Webber
- Oncology Department, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia; School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Yannakoulia M, Scarmeas N. Diets. N Engl J Med 2024; 390:2098-2106. [PMID: 38865662 DOI: 10.1056/nejmra2211889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Yannakoulia
- From the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens (M.Y.), and the 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginintio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (N.S.) - both in Athens; and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York (N.S.)
| | - Nikolaos Scarmeas
- From the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens (M.Y.), and the 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginintio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (N.S.) - both in Athens; and the Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York (N.S.)
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3
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Menyhárt O, Győrffy B. Dietary approaches for exploiting metabolic vulnerabilities in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189062. [PMID: 38158024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Renewed interest in tumor metabolism sparked an enthusiasm for dietary interventions to prevent and treat cancer. Changes in diet impact circulating nutrient levels in the plasma and the tumor microenvironment, and preclinical studies suggest that dietary approaches, including caloric and nutrient restrictions, can modulate tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Cancers are heterogeneous in their metabolic dependencies and preferred energy sources and can be addicted to glucose, fructose, amino acids, or lipids for survival and growth. This dependence is influenced by tumor type, anatomical location, tissue of origin, aberrant signaling, and the microenvironment. This review summarizes nutrient dependencies and the related signaling pathway activations that provide targets for nutritional interventions. We examine popular dietary approaches used as adjuvants to anticancer therapies, encompassing caloric restrictions, including time-restricted feeding, intermittent fasting, fasting-mimicking diets (FMDs), and nutrient restrictions, notably the ketogenic diet. Despite promising results, much of the knowledge on dietary restrictions comes from in vitro and animal studies, which may not accurately reflect real-life situations. Further research is needed to determine the optimal duration, timing, safety, and efficacy of dietary restrictions for different cancers and treatments. In addition, well-designed human trials are necessary to establish the link between specific metabolic vulnerabilities and targeted dietary interventions. However, low patient compliance in clinical trials remains a significant challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otília Menyhárt
- Semmelweis University, Department of Bioinformatics, Tűzoltó u. 7-9, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary; Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Semmelweis University, Department of Bioinformatics, Tűzoltó u. 7-9, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary; Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
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Klement RJ. Anti-tumor effects of ketogenic diets and their synergism with other treatments in mice: Bayesian evidence synthesis of 1755 individual mouse survival data. Biomed J 2024; 47:100609. [PMID: 37245566 PMCID: PMC10900256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.100609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ketogenic diets (KDs) are high-fat diets with putative anti-tumor effects. The aim of this study was to synthesize the evidence for the anti-tumor effects of KDs in mice, with a focus on their possible synergism with chemotherapy (CT), radiotherapy (RT), or targeted therapies (TT). METHODS Relevant studies were retrieved from a literature search. A total of 43 articles reporting on 65 mouse experiments fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and 1755 individual mouse survival times were collated from the study authors or the publications. The restricted mean survival time ratio (RMSTR) between the KD and control groups served as the effect size. Bayesian evidence synthesis models were used to estimate pooled effect sizes and to assess the impact of putative confounders and synergism between KD and other therapies. RESULTS Overall, there was a significant survival-prolonging effect of KD monotherapy (RMSTR = 1.161 ± 0.040), which was confirmed in meta-regression accounting for syngeneic versus xenogeneic models, early versus late KD start and subcutaneous versus other organ growth. Combining the KD with RT or TT, but not CT, was associated with a further 30% (RT) or 21% (TT) prolongation of survival. An analysis accounting for 15 individual tumor entities showed that KDs exerted significant survival-prolonging effects in pancreatic cancer (all treatment combinations), gliomas (KD + RT and KD + TT), head and neck cancer (KD + RT), and stomach cancer (KD+RT and KD + TT). CONCLUSIONS This analytical study confirmed the overall anti-tumor effects of KDs in a large number of mouse experiments and provides evidence for synergistic effects with RT and TT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer J Klement
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Leopoldina Hospital Schweinfurt, Schweinfurt, Germany.
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Haif SK, Al Kury LT, Talib WH. Combination of Thymoquinone and Intermittent Fasting as a Treatment for Breast Cancer Implanted in Mice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:35. [PMID: 38202341 PMCID: PMC10780740 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer stands out as a particularly challenging form of cancer to treat among various types. Traditional treatment methods have been longstanding approaches, yet their efficacy has diminished over time owing to heightened toxicity, adverse effects, and the emergence of multi-drug resistance. Nevertheless, a viable solution has emerged through the adoption of a complementary treatment strategy utilizing natural substances and the incorporation of intermittent fasting to enhance therapeutic outcomes. This study aimed to assess the anticancer activity of thymoquinone (TQ), intermittent fasting, and their combination using in vivo and in vitro methods. The anti-proliferative activity of TQ and fasting (glucose/serum restriction) were evaluated against the T47D, MDA-MB-231, and EMT6 cell lines and compared to normal cell lines (Vero) using the MTT colorimetric assay method. Additionally, this study aimed to determine the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of TQ. For the in vivo experiment, the antitumor activity of TQ and intermittent fasting (IF) was assessed by measuring the tumor sizes using a digital caliper to determine the change in the tumor size and survival rates. At the molecular level, the serum levels of glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB), leptin, and insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were measured using standard kits. Additionally, the aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and creatinine serum levels were measured. The inhibition of the breast cancer cell lines was achieved by TQ. TQ and intermittent fasting both had an additional anticancer effect against breast tumors inoculated in mice. The combination therapy was evaluated and found to significantly reduce the tumor size, with a change in tumor size of -57.7%. Additionally, the combination of TQ and IF led to a decrease in the serum levels of glucose, IGF-1 (24.49 ng/mL) and leptin (1.77 ng/mL) while increasing β-hydroxybutyrate in the mice given combination therapy (200.86 nM) with no toxicity on the liver or kidneys. In the mice receiving combination therapy, TQ and IF treated breast cancer in an additive way without causing liver or kidney toxicity due to decreased levels of glucose, IGF-1, and leptin and increased levels of β-hydroxybutyrate. Further investigation is required to optimize the doses and determine the other possible mechanisms exhibited by the novel combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatha Khaled Haif
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931-166, Jordan;
| | - Lina T. Al Kury
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi 144534, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wamidh H. Talib
- Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931-166, Jordan
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Tissot S, Guimard L, Meliani J, Boutry J, Dujon AM, Capp JP, Tökölyi J, Biro PA, Beckmann C, Fontenille L, Do Khoa N, Hamede R, Roche B, Ujvari B, Nedelcu AM, Thomas F. The impact of food availability on tumorigenesis is evolutionarily conserved. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19825. [PMID: 37963956 PMCID: PMC10645767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46896-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The inability to control cell proliferation results in the formation of tumors in many multicellular lineages. Nonetheless, little is known about the extent of conservation of the biological traits and ecological factors that promote or inhibit tumorigenesis across the metazoan tree. Particularly, changes in food availability have been linked to increased cancer incidence in humans, as an outcome of evolutionary mismatch. Here, we apply evolutionary oncology principles to test whether food availability, regardless of the multicellular lineage considered, has an impact on tumorigenesis. We used two phylogenetically unrelated model systems, the cnidarian Hydra oligactis and the fish Danio rerio, to investigate the impact of resource availability on tumor occurrence and progression. Individuals from healthy and tumor-prone lines were placed on four diets that differed in feeding frequency and quantity. For both models, frequent overfeeding favored tumor emergence, while lean diets appeared more protective. In terms of tumor progression, high food availability promoted it, whereas low resources controlled it, but without having a curative effect. We discuss our results in light of current ideas about the possible conservation of basic processes governing cancer in metazoans (including ancestral life history trade-offs at the cell level) and in the framework of evolutionary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Tissot
- CREEC/MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France.
| | - Lena Guimard
- CREEC/MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Jordan Meliani
- CREEC/MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Justine Boutry
- CREEC/MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Antoine M Dujon
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Jean-Pascal Capp
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, University of Toulouse, INSA, CNRS, INRAE, Toulouse, France
| | - Jácint Tökölyi
- MTA-DE "Momentum" Ecology, Evolution and Developmental Biology Research Group, Department of Evolutionary Zoology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Peter A Biro
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Christa Beckmann
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura Fontenille
- AZELEAD, 377 Rue du Professeur Blayac, 34080, Montpellier, France
| | - Nam Do Khoa
- AZELEAD, 377 Rue du Professeur Blayac, 34080, Montpellier, France
| | - Rodrigo Hamede
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Benjamin Roche
- CREEC/MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beata Ujvari
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Aurora M Nedelcu
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- CREEC/MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
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7
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Bezerra LS, Santos-Veloso MAO. Ketogenic diet and metastasis: A critical review of the literature and possible mechanisms. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:207-212. [PMID: 37739657 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) is a low-carb diet that has been indicated as a possible coadjuvant in cancer therapy, mainly due to its capacity to reduce glycolysis production, inflammation, and oxidative stress. However, KD's role in metastasis remains poorly explored. This study aims to provide a critical review of the literature about KD's efficacy in metastasis therapy and the possible molecular mechanisms behind it. Initially, general concepts on KD and metastasis are discussed. Then, it delves deeper into the main cancer mechanisms explored by KD experimental studies, discussing the central results obtained in metastasis research and their main limiting conditions. Following, there is a critical analysis of clinical trials, including those in the grey literature. In the end, there is a summary of the actual studies' limitations and barriers to future research. To date, it is possible to conclude that there is not enough evidence supporting the efficacy of KD in the treatment of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Soares Bezerra
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Postgraduate Program in Therapeutic Innovation, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
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Friedrich NA, Freedland SJ, Csizmadi I. Plant-based diets to reduce prostate cancer risk and improve prostate cancer outcomes-ready for prime time? Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2023; 26:445-446. [PMID: 36261588 PMCID: PMC10174216 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-022-00601-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine A Friedrich
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8631 W 3rd Street, Suite E430, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cedars- Sinai Medical Center, Section of Urology, Durham VA Medical Center, 8631 W 3rd Street, Suite E430, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Ilona Csizmadi
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8631 W 3rd Street, Suite E430, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
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Casanova A, Wevers A, Navarro-Ledesma S, Pruimboom L. Mitochondria: It is all about energy. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1114231. [PMID: 37179826 PMCID: PMC10167337 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1114231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in both health and disease. Their function is not limited to energy production but serves multiple mechanisms varying from iron and calcium homeostasis to the production of hormones and neurotransmitters, such as melatonin. They enable and influence communication at all physical levels through interaction with other organelles, the nucleus, and the outside environment. The literature suggests crosstalk mechanisms between mitochondria and circadian clocks, the gut microbiota, and the immune system. They might even be the hub supporting and integrating activity across all these domains. Hence, they might be the (missing) link in both health and disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction is related to metabolic syndrome, neuronal diseases, cancer, cardiovascular and infectious diseases, and inflammatory disorders. In this regard, diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), and chronic pain are discussed. This review focuses on understanding the mitochondrial mechanisms of action that allow for the maintenance of mitochondrial health and the pathways toward dysregulated mechanisms. Although mitochondria have allowed us to adapt to changes over the course of evolution, in turn, evolution has shaped mitochondria. Each evolution-based intervention influences mitochondria in its own way. The use of physiological stress triggers tolerance to the stressor, achieving adaptability and resistance. This review describes strategies that could recover mitochondrial functioning in multiple diseases, providing a comprehensive, root-cause-focused, integrative approach to recovering health and treating people suffering from chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaloha Casanova
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Melilla, Spain
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
| | - Anne Wevers
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Melilla, Spain
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
| | - Santiago Navarro-Ledesma
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Melilla, Spain
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
| | - Leo Pruimboom
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
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10
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Makuku R, Sinaei Far Z, Khalili N, Moyo A, Razi S, Keshavarz-Fathi M, Mahmoudi M, Rezaei N. The Role of Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Neuroblastoma. Integr Cancer Ther 2023; 22:15347354221150787. [PMID: 36752115 PMCID: PMC9909060 DOI: 10.1177/15347354221150787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) was initially used in 1920 for drug-resistant epileptic patients. From this point onward, ketogenic diets became a pivotal part of nutritional therapy research. To date, KD has shown therapeutic potential in many pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, autism, brain cancers, and multiple sclerosis. Although KD is now an adjuvant therapy for certain diseases, its effectiveness as an antitumor nutritional therapy is still an ongoing debate, especially in Neuroblastoma. Neuroblastoma is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor in children and is metastatic at initial presentation in more than half of the cases. Although Neuroblastoma can be managed by surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy, its 5-year survival rate in children remains below 40%. Earlier studies have proposed the ketogenic diet as a possible adjuvant therapy for patients undergoing treatment for Neuroblastoma. In this study, we seek to review the possible roles of KD in the treatment of Neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangarirai Makuku
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Zeinab Sinaei Far
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Khalili
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Alistar Moyo
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Sepideh Razi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nima Rezaei
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden,Nima Rezaei, Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Dr Qarib Street, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 14194, Iran. Emails: ;
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11
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Bisht J, Rawat P, Sehar U, Reddy PH. Caregivers with Cancer Patients: Focus on Hispanics. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:626. [PMID: 36765585 PMCID: PMC9913516 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a public health concern and causes more than 8 million deaths annually. Cancer triggers include population growth, aging, and variations in the prevalence and distribution of the critical risk factors for cancer. Multiple hallmarks are involved in cancer, including cell proliferation, evading growth suppressors, activating invasion and metastasis, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, reprogramming energy metabolism, and evading immune destruction. Both cancer and dementia are age-related and potentially lethal, impacting survival. With increasing aging populations, cancer and dementia cause a burden on patients, family members, the health care system, and informal/formal caregivers. In the current article, we highlight cancer prevalence with a focus on different ethnic groups, ages, and genders. Our article covers risk factors and genetic causes associated with cancer and types of cancers and comorbidities. We extensively cover the impact of cancer in Hispanics in comparison to that in other ethnic groups. We also discuss the status of caregivers with cancer patients and urgent needs from the state and federal support for caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasbir Bisht
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Priyanka Rawat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Ujala Sehar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Public Health, School of Population and Public Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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12
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Anemoulis M, Vlastos A, Kachtsidis V, Karras SN. Intermittent Fasting in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Critical Update of Available Studies. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030532. [PMID: 36771239 PMCID: PMC9920353 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most-frequent malignancy amongst women, whereas obesity and excess caloric consumption increase the risk for developing the disease. The objective of this systematic review was to examine the impact of intermittent fasting (IF) on previously diagnosed BC patients, regarding quality of life (QoL) scores during chemotherapy, chemotherapy-induced toxicity, radiological response and BC recurrence, endocrine-related outcomes, as well as IF-induced adverse effects in these populations. A comprehensive search was conducted between 31 December 2010 and 31 October 2022, using the PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Two investigators independently performed abstract screenings, full-text screenings, and data extraction, and the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to evaluate the quality of the selected studies. We screened 468 papers, 10 of which were selected for data synthesis. All patients were female adults whose age ranged between 27 and 78 years. Participants in all studies were women diagnosed with BC of one of the following stages: I, II (HER2-/+), III (HER2-/+), IV, LUMINAL-A, LUMINAL-B (HER2-/+). Notably, IF during chemotherapy was found to be feasible, safe and able to relieve chemotherapy-induced adverse effects and cytotoxicity. IF seemed to improve QoL during chemotherapy, through the reduction of fatigue, nausea and headaches, however data were characterized as low quality. IF was found to reduce chemotherapy-induced DNA damage and augmented optimal glycemic regulation, improving serum glucose, insulin, and IGF-1 concentrations. A remarkable heterogeneity of duration of dietary patterns was observed among available studies. In conclusion, we failed to identify any IF-related beneficial effects on the QoL, response after chemotherapy or related symptoms, as well as measures of tumor recurrence in BC patients. We identified a potential beneficial effect of IF on chemotherapy-induced toxicity, based on markers of DNA and leukocyte damage; however, these results were derived from three studies and require further validation. Further studies with appropriate design and larger sample sizes are warranted to elucidate its potential standard incorporation in daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Anemoulis
- Medical School, Aristotle University, 55535 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios Vlastos
- Medical School, Aristotle University, 55535 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Spyridon N. Karras
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Aristotle University, 55535 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310324863
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13
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Abstract
Abstract
Background
Clinical data on the modern topic fasting among cancer patients are rare. This review aimed to summarise published clinical data on fasting and its effects on patients undergoing chemotherapy and therefore to give some directions in advising patients with the desire to fast.
Method
A systematic search was conducted searching five electronic databases (Embase, Cochrane, PsychInfo, CINAHL and Medline) to find studies concerning the use, effectiveness and potential harm of fasting during therapy on cancer patients. The main endpoints were quality of life, side effects and toxicities of the fasting intervention.
Results
The search results totaled 3983 hits. After systematic sorting according to standardised pre-defined criteria, nine publications which covered eight studies with 379 patients were included in this systematic review. The majority of the patients included were diagnosed with breast- and gynaecological cancers. Fasting duration and timepoints ranged significantly (24–140 h before, and on the day of, chemotherapy to 56 h after chemotherapy). In one study patients were fasting before cancer surgery. The studies were mostly low to moderate quality and reported heterogeneous results. Overall, the studies were insufficiently powered to detect significant effects on the predefined endpoints.
Conclusion
Fasting for short periods does not have any beneficial effect on the quality of life of cancer patients during treatment. Evidence on fasting regimes reducing side effects and toxicities of chemotherapy is missing. In contrast, as the negative effects of unintentional weight loss are known to impact clinical outcomes severely, fasting is not indicated in this context.
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14
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Nunamaker EA, Reynolds PS. 'Invisible actors'-How poor methodology reporting compromises mouse models of oncology: A cross-sectional survey. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274738. [PMID: 36264974 PMCID: PMC9584398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The laboratory mouse is a key player in preclinical oncology research. However, emphasis of techniques reporting at the expense of critical animal-related detail compromises research integrity, animal welfare, and, ultimately, the translation potential of mouse-based oncology models. To evaluate current reporting practices, we performed a cross-sectional survey of 400 preclinical oncology studies using mouse solid-tumour models. Articles published in 2020 were selected from 20 journals that specifically endorsed the ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) preclinical reporting guidelines. We assessed reporting compliance for 22 items in five domains: ethical oversight assurance, animal signalment, husbandry, welfare, and euthanasia. Data were analysed using hierarchical generalised random-intercept models, clustered on journal. Overall, reporting of animal-related items was poor. Median compliance over all categories was 23%. There was little or no association between extent of reporting compliance and journal or journal impact factor. Age, sex, and source were reported most frequently, but verifiable strain information was reported for <10% of studies. Animal husbandry, housing environment, and welfare items were reported by <5% of studies. Fewer than one in four studies reported analgesia use, humane endpoints, or an identifiable method of euthanasia. Of concern was the poor documentation of ethical oversight information. Fewer than one in four provided verifiable approval information, and almost one in ten reported no information, or information that was demonstrably false. Mice are the "invisible actors" in preclinical oncology research. In spite of widespread endorsement of reporting guidelines, adherence to reporting guidelines on the part of authors is poor and journals fail to enforce guideline reporting standards. In particular, the inadequate reporting of key animal-related items severely restricts the utility and translation potential of mouse models, and results in research waste. Both investigators and journals have the ethical responsibility to ensure animals are not wasted in uninformative research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Nunamaker
- Animal Care Services, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Penny S. Reynolds
- Department of Anesthesiology, Statistics in Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Core, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Gliomas and Glioblastomas. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183851. [PMID: 36145228 PMCID: PMC9504425 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, scientific interest in the use of the ketogenic diet (KD) as a complementary approach to the standard cancer therapy has grown, in particular against those of the central nervous system (CNS). In metabolic terms, there are the following differences between healthy and neoplastic cells: neoplastic cells divert their metabolism to anaerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), they alter the normal mitochondrial functioning, and they use mainly certain amino acids for their own metabolic needs, to gain an advantage over healthy cells and to lead to a pro-oncogenetic effect. Several works in literature speculate which are the molecular targets of KD used against cancer. The following different mechanisms of action will be explored in this review: metabolic, inflammatory, oncogenic and oncosuppressive, ROS, and epigenetic modulation. Preclinical and clinical studies on the use of KD in CNS tumors have also increased in recent years. An interesting hypothesis emerged from the studies about the possible use of a ketogenic diet as a combination therapy along with chemotherapy (CT) and radiotherapy (RT) for the treatment of cancer. Currently, however, clinical data are still very limited but encouraging, so we need further studies to definitively validate or disprove the role of KD in fighting against cancer.
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16
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Obesity and cancer-extracellular matrix, angiogenesis, and adrenergic signaling as unusual suspects linking the two diseases. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:517-547. [PMID: 36074318 PMCID: PMC9470659 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an established risk factor for several human cancers. Given the association between excess body weight and cancer, the increasing rates of obesity worldwide are worrisome. A variety of obesity-related factors has been implicated in cancer initiation, progression, and response to therapy. These factors include circulating nutritional factors, hormones, and cytokines, causing hyperinsulinemia, inflammation, and adipose tissue dysfunction. The impact of these conditions on cancer development and progression has been the focus of extensive literature. In this review, we concentrate on processes that can link obesity and cancer, and which provide a novel perspective: extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, and adrenergic signaling. We describe molecular mechanisms involved in these processes, which represent putative targets for intervention. Liver, pancreas, and breast cancers were chosen as exemplary disease models. In view of the expanding epidemic of obesity, a better understanding of the tumorigenic process in obese individuals might lead to more effective treatments and preventive measures.
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17
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Exploring the Effects of Energy Constraints on Performance, Body Composition, Endocrinological/Hematological Biomarkers, and Immune System among Athletes: An Overview of the Fasting State. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153197. [PMID: 35956373 PMCID: PMC9370338 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ramadan fasting period (RFP) means abstaining from consuming food and/or beverages during certain hours of the day—from sunrise to sunset. Engaging in exercise and sports during the RFP leads to the lipolysis of adipose tissue and an increase in the breakdown of peripheral fat, leading to an increase in fat consumption. The effects of the RFP on functional, hematological, and metabolic parameters needs further study as existing studies have reported contradictory results. The differences in the results of various studies are due to the geographical characteristics of Muslim athletes, their specific diets, and their genetics, which explain these variations. In recent years, the attention of medical and sports researchers on the effects of the RFP and energy restrictions on bodily functions and athletic performance has increased significantly. Therefore, this brief article examines the effects of the RFP on the immune system, body composition, hematology, and the functionality of athletes during and after the RFP. We found that most sporting activities were performed during any time of the day without being affected by Ramadan fasting. Athletes were able to participate in their physical activities during fasting periods and saw few effects on their performance. Sleep and nutritional factors should be adjusted so that athletic performance is not impaired.
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18
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Taylor SR, Falcone JN, Cantley LC, Goncalves MD. Developing dietary interventions as therapy for cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:452-466. [PMID: 35614234 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00485-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells acquire distinct metabolic preferences based on their tissue of origin, genetic alterations and degree of interaction with systemic hormones and metabolites. These adaptations support the increased nutrient demand required for increased growth and proliferation. Diet is the major source of nutrients for tumours, yet dietary interventions lack robust evidence and are rarely prescribed by clinicians for the treatment of cancer. Well-controlled diet studies in patients with cancer are rare, and existing studies have been limited by nonspecific enrolment criteria that inappropriately grouped together subjects with disparate tumour and host metabolic profiles. This imprecision may have masked the efficacy of the intervention for appropriate candidates. Here, we review the metabolic alterations and key vulnerabilities that occur across multiple types of cancer. We describe how these vulnerabilities could potentially be targeted using dietary therapies including energy or macronutrient restriction and intermittent fasting regimens. We also discuss recent trials that highlight how dietary strategies may be combined with pharmacological therapies to treat some cancers, potentially ushering a path towards precision nutrition for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Taylor
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-I MD-PhD program, New York, NY, USA
| | - John N Falcone
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcus D Goncalves
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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19
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Hatami M, Doaei S, Gholamalizadeh M, Mosavi Jarrahi SA, Mirsafa F, Davoodi SH. Association of calorie and carbohydrate intake with tumour grade in early diagnosis of breast cancer: a case-control study. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1111-1114. [PMID: 32374220 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1754430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the association of calorie and carbohydrate intake with tumour grade in early detection of breast cancer (BC) in Iranian women. MATERIALS AND METHODS This case-control study carried out on 62 women with high grade BC and 93 women with low grade BC. Information about confounding variables was collected through a questionnaire. Dietary intake of calorie and macronutrients was assessed by a valid 122-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS Individuals with high grade BC had significantly lower calorie (0.16, 0.04-0.61) and higher carbohydrate intake (4.02; 1.28-12.63) compared with those with low grade BC after controlling for age. This correlation remained significant after adjusting for confounding factors. CONCLUSION Our results showed that lower intakes of calorie and higher carbohydrate are directly related to the high grade of tumour at the early detection of people with BC after modifying a wide range of confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Hatami
- Department of Basic Sciences and Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology and National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Student Research Committee, Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Faezeh Mirsafa
- Department of Basic Sciences and Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology and National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Hossein Davoodi
- Department of Basic Sciences and Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology and National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Bradey AL, Fitter S, Duggan J, Wilczek V, Williams CMD, Cheney EA, Noll JE, Tangseefa P, Panagopoulos V, Zannettino ACW. Calorie restriction has no effect on bone marrow tumour burden in a Vk*MYC transplant model of multiple myeloma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13128. [PMID: 35908046 PMCID: PMC9338941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable haematological malignancy, caused by the uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells within the bone marrow (BM). Obesity is a known risk factor for MM, however, few studies have investigated the potential of dietary intervention to prevent MM progression. Calorie restriction (CR) is associated with many health benefits including reduced cancer incidence and progression. To investigate if CR could reduce MM progression, dietary regimes [30% CR, normal chow diet (NCD), or high fat diet (HFD)] were initiated in C57BL/6J mice. Diet-induced changes were assessed, followed by inoculation of mice with Vk*MYC MM cells (Vk14451-GFP) at 16 weeks of age. Tumour progression was monitored by serum paraprotein, and at endpoint, BM and splenic tumour burden was analysed by flow cytometry. 30% CR promoted weight loss, improved glucose tolerance, increased BM adiposity and elevated serum adiponectin compared to NCD-fed mice. Despite these metabolic changes, CR had no significant effect on serum paraprotein levels. Furthermore, endpoint analysis found that dietary changes were insufficient to affect BM tumour burden, however, HFD resulted in an average two-fold increase in splenic tumour burden. Overall, these findings suggest diet-induced BM changes may not be key drivers of MM progression in the Vk14451-GFP transplant model of myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanah L Bradey
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, Solid Tumour Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stephen Fitter
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, Solid Tumour Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jvaughn Duggan
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, Solid Tumour Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Vicki Wilczek
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, Solid Tumour Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Connor M D Williams
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, Solid Tumour Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Emma Aj Cheney
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, Solid Tumour Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jacqueline E Noll
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, Solid Tumour Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Pawanrat Tangseefa
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, Solid Tumour Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Vasilios Panagopoulos
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. .,Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, Solid Tumour Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Andrew C W Zannettino
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, Solid Tumour Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Haematology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.,Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
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21
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Sipe LM, Chaib M, Korba EB, Jo H, Lovely MC, Counts BR, Tanveer U, Holt JR, Clements JC, John NA, Daria D, Marion TN, Bohm MS, Sekhri R, Pingili AK, Teng B, Carson JA, Hayes DN, Davis MJ, Cook KL, Pierre JF, Makowski L. Response to immune checkpoint blockade improved in pre-clinical model of breast cancer after bariatric surgery. eLife 2022; 11:79143. [PMID: 35775614 PMCID: PMC9342954 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is a sustainable weight loss approach, including vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG). Obesity exacerbates tumor growth, while diet-induced weight loss impairs progression. It remains unknown how bariatric surgery-induced weight loss impacts cancer progression or alters response to therapy. Using a pre-clinical model of obesity followed by VSG or diet-induced weight loss, breast cancer progression and immune checkpoint blockade therapy were investigated. Weight loss by VSG or weight-matched dietary intervention before tumor engraftment protected against obesity-exacerbated tumor progression. However, VSG was not as effective as diet in reducing tumor burden despite achieving similar weight and adiposity loss. Leptin did not associate with changes in tumor burden; however, circulating IL-6 was elevated in VSG mice. Uniquely, VSG tumors displayed elevated inflammation and immune checkpoint ligand PD-L1+ myeloid and non-immune cells. VSG tumors also had reduced T lymphocytes and markers of cytolysis, suggesting an ineffective anti-tumor microenvironment which prompted investigation of immune checkpoint blockade. While obese mice were resistant to immune checkpoint blockade, anti-PD-L1 potently impaired tumor progression after VSG through improved anti-tumor immunity. Thus, in formerly obese mice, surgical weight loss followed by immunotherapy reduced breast cancer burden. Finally, we compared transcriptomic changes in adipose tissue after bariatric surgery from patients and mouse models. A conserved bariatric surgery-associated weight loss signature (BSAS) was identified which significantly associated with decreased tumor volume. Findings demonstrate conserved impacts of obesity and bariatric surgery-induced weight loss pathways associated with breast cancer progression. As the number of people classified as obese rises globally, so do obesity-related health risks. Studies show that people diagnosed with obesity have inflammation that contributes to tumor growth and their immune system is worse at detecting cancer cells. But weight loss is not currently used as a strategy for preventing or treating cancer. Surgical procedures for weight loss, also known as ‘bariatric surgeries’, are becoming increasingly popular. Recent studies have shown that individuals who lose weight after these treatments have a reduced risk of developing tumors. But how bariatric surgery directly impacts cancer progression has not been well studied: does it slow tumor growth or boost the anti-tumor immune response? To answer these questions, Sipe et al. compared breast tumor growth in groups of laboratory mice that were obese due to being fed a high fat diet. The first group of mice lost weight after undergoing a bariatric surgery in which part of their stomach was removed. The second lost the same amount of weight but after receiving a restricted diet, and the third underwent a fake surgery and did not lose any weight. The experiments found that surgical weight loss cuts breast cancer tumor growth in half compared with obese mice. But mice who lost the same amount of weight through dietary restrictions had even less tumor growth than surgically treated mice. The surgically treated mice who lost weight had more inflammation than mice in the two other groups, and had increased amounts of proteins and cells that block the immune response to tumors. Giving the surgically treated mice a drug that enhances the immune system’s ability to detect and destroy cancer cells reduced inflammation and helped shrink the mice’s tumors. Finally, Sipe et al. identified 54 genes which were turned on or off after bariatric surgery in both mice and humans, 11 of which were linked with tumor size. These findings provide crucial new information about how bariatric surgery can impact cancer progression. Future studies could potentially use the conserved genes identified by Sipe et al. to develop new ways to stimulate the anti-cancer benefits of weight loss without surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Sipe
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Mehdi Chaib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Emily B Korba
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Heejoon Jo
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Mary Camille Lovely
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Brittany R Counts
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Ubaid Tanveer
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Jeremiah R Holt
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Jared C Clements
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Neena A John
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Deidre Daria
- Office of Vice Chancellor for Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Tony N Marion
- Office of Vice Chancellor for Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Margaret S Bohm
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Radhika Sekhri
- Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Ajeeth K Pingili
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Bin Teng
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - James A Carson
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - D Neil Hayes
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Matthew J Davis
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Katherine L Cook
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, United States
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
| | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, United States
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22
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Devericks EN, Carson MS, McCullough LE, Coleman MF, Hursting SD. The obesity-breast cancer link: a multidisciplinary perspective. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:607-625. [PMID: 35752704 PMCID: PMC9470704 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, exceptionally prevalent in the USA, promotes the incidence and progression of numerous cancer types including breast cancer. Complex, interacting metabolic and immune dysregulation marks the development of both breast cancer and obesity. Obesity promotes chronic low-grade inflammation, particularly in white adipose tissue, which drives immune dysfunction marked by increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production, alternative macrophage activation, and reduced T cell function. Breast tissue is predominantly composed of white adipose, and developing breast cancer readily and directly interacts with cells and signals from adipose remodeled by obesity. This review discusses the biological mechanisms through which obesity promotes breast cancer, the role of obesity in breast cancer health disparities, and dietary interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of obesity on breast cancer. We detail the intersection of obesity and breast cancer, with an emphasis on the shared and unique patterns of immune dysregulation in these disease processes. We have highlighted key areas of breast cancer biology exacerbated by obesity, including incidence, progression, and therapeutic response. We posit that interception of obesity-driven breast cancer will require interventions that limit protumor signaling from obese adipose tissue and that consider genetic, structural, and social determinants of the obesity–breast cancer link. Finally, we detail the evidence for various dietary interventions to offset obesity effects in clinical and preclinical studies of breast cancer. In light of the strong associations between obesity and breast cancer and the rising rates of obesity in many parts of the world, the development of effective, safe, well-tolerated, and equitable interventions to limit the burden of obesity on breast cancer are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N Devericks
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Meredith S Carson
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lauren E McCullough
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael F Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA. .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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23
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Zhang P, Li B, Chen Q, Wang H, Feng Q. Glucose restriction induces ROS-AMPK-mediated CTR1 expression and increases cisplatin efficiency in NSCLC. Cancer Lett 2022; 543:215793. [PMID: 35716782 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the principal platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents for many types of cancer, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Copper transporter 1 (CTR1) plays a significant role in increasing cellular cisplatin uptake and sensitivity. The current study found that glucose restriction upregulated AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) through reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce CTR1 expression in NSCLC cells. Direct upregulation of ROS levels also activated AMPK expression. The changes in CTR1 expression were consistent with glucose concentrations and AMPK expression. Feeding a low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (a glucose restriction diet) to a severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) mouse xenograft model significantly enhanced the efficacy of cisplatin. The tumor size was significantly smaller in the group treated with cisplatin plus the low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet than in the group treated with cisplatin alone. Survival was longer in mice treated with the low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet than in the controls. Mice fed the low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet showed increased expression of CTR1 and AMPK in tumor tissues. These results suggest a novel mechanism whereby glucose restriction induces ROS-AMPK-mediated CTR1 expression in NSCLC, indicating glucose restriction as an effective adjuvant NSCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bohan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianfeng Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, China
| | - Qing Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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24
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Phillips MC. Metabolic Strategies in Healthcare: A New Era. Aging Dis 2022; 13:655-672. [PMID: 35656107 PMCID: PMC9116908 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern healthcare systems are founded on a disease-centric paradigm, which has conferred many notable successes against infectious disorders in the past. However, today's leading causes of death are dominated by non-infectious "lifestyle" disorders, broadly represented by the metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Our disease-centric paradigm regards these disorders as distinct disease processes, caused and driven by disease targets that must be suppressed or eliminated to clear the disease. By contrast, a health-centric paradigm recognizes the lifestyle disorders as a series of hormonal and metabolic responses to a singular, lifestyle-induced disease of mitochondria dysfunction, a disease target that must be restored to improve health, which may be defined as optimized mitochondria function. Seen from a health-centric perspective, most drugs target a response rather than the disease, whereas metabolic strategies, such as fasting and carbohydrate-restricted diets, aim to restore mitochondria function, mitigating the impetus that underlies and drives the lifestyle disorders. Substantial human evidence indicates either strategy can effectively mitigate the metabolic syndrome. Preliminary evidence also indicates potential benefits in atherosclerosis, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Given the existing evidence, integrating metabolic strategies into modern healthcare systems should be identified as a global health priority.
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Gholamalizadeh M, Behrad Nasab M, Ahmadzadeh M, Doaei S, Jonoush M, Shekari S, Afsharfar M, Hosseinzadeh P, Abbastorki S, Akbari ME, Hashemi M, Omidi S, Vahid F, Mosavi Jarrahi A, Lavasani A. The association among calorie, macronutrient, and micronutrient intake with colorectal cancer: A case-control study. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:1527-1536. [PMID: 35592289 PMCID: PMC9094451 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) can be influenced by dietary components. This study aims to investigate the association between dietary intake and CRC in Iranian adults. This hospital‐based case–control study was performed on 160 patients with CRC and 320 healthy people. General and pathological data were collected through face‐to‐face interviews. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess the intake of calories, macronutrients, and micronutrients. The case group had a significantly higher intake of calories, carbohydrates, vitamin A, vitamin K, fluoride, and molybdenum and a lower intake of vitamin E, vitamin B1, beta carotene, biotin, folate, magnesium, selenium, manganese, and fiber (all p < .001). CRC was positively associated with the intake of carbohydrate (OR: 1.01, CI% 1.03–1.01, p = .001), and vitamin A (OR: 1.009, CI 95% 1.006–1.01, p = .001) and negatively associated with intake of fiber (OR: 0.67, CI 95% 0.59–0.76, p = .001), beta carotene (OR: 0.99, CI 95% 0.99–0.99, p = .001), vitamin E (OR: 0.27, CI 95% 0.15–0.47, p = .001), folate (OR: 0.98 CI 95% 0.97–0.98, p = .001), and biotin (OR: 0.83, CI 95% 0.77–0.90, p = .001). The associations remained significant after adjusting for age and sex. Further adjustments for physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking did not change the results. The results identified that the risk of colorectal cancer can be influenced by dietary intake. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings and to identify the underlying mechanisms of the effects of dietary components on the risk of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mojgan Behrad Nasab
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences Faculty of Sport Science Central Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Mina Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Cancer Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.,School of Health, Research Center of Health and Environment Guilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht Iran
| | - Mona Jonoush
- Department of Nutrition School of Medicine Mashahd University of Medical Sciences Mashahad Iran
| | - Soheila Shekari
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Maryam Afsharfar
- Department of Nutrition School of Medicine Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan Iran
| | - Payam Hosseinzadeh
- Gastrointestinal and liver Diseases Research Center (GLDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Saheb Abbastorki
- Department of Nutrition Faculty of Nutrition Sciences Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | | | - Maryam Hashemi
- Department of Pathology Firoozgar General Hospital Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Saeed Omidi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion School of Health Research Center of Health and Environment Guilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht Iran
| | - Farhad Vahid
- Nutrition and Health Research Group Department of Population Health Luxembourg Institute of Health Strassen Luxembourg
| | | | - Ali Lavasani
- Department of Pathology Firoozgar General Hospital Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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26
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Gabel K, Cares K, Varady K, Gadi V, Tussing-Humphreys L. Current Evidence and Directions for Intermittent Fasting During Cancer Chemotherapy. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:667-680. [PMID: 34788373 PMCID: PMC8970823 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost 40% of the adult population in the USA will be diagnosed with cancer in their lifetime. Diet is a modifiable factor which is known to affect cancer risk and recurrence. Yet, little is known about how diet influences cancer treatment outcomes. Intermittent fasting, characterized by periods of abstaining from foods and beverages alternated with periods of ad libitum intake, when adopted in the context of chemotherapy, has shown promise in preclinical models resulting in decreased vomiting, diarrhea, visible discomfort, and improved insulin sensitivity and efficacy of chemotherapeutic treatment. Although intermittent fasting during receipt of chemotherapy has been well-established in preclinical models, limited numbers of human studies are now being reported. This review aims to survey the current data examining the effect of intermittent fasting on chemotherapy efficacy, patient treatment outcomes, patient centered outcomes, and circulating biomarkers associated with cancer. Available data show that periodic fasting, a form of intermittent fasting, may hold potential to improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy, decrease treatment-related side effects and cancer-promoting factors such as insulin, while ameliorating treatment-related decreases in quality of life and daily functioning. Larger controlled periodic fasting trials, including exploration of alternate forms of intermittent fasting, are needed to better elucidate the effect of intermittent fasting on treatment and patient outcomes during chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Gabel
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Kate Cares
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Krista Varady
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vijayakrishna Gadi
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lisa Tussing-Humphreys
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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de Groot E, Varghese S, Tan L, Knighton B, Sobieski M, Nguyen N, Park YS, Powell R, Lorenzi PL, Zheng B, Stephan C, Gopal YNV. Combined inhibition of HMGCoA reductase and mitochondrial complex I induces tumor regression of BRAF inhibitor-resistant melanomas. Cancer Metab 2022; 10:6. [PMID: 35193687 PMCID: PMC8862475 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-022-00281-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Primary and posttreatment resistance to BRAFV600 mutation–targeting inhibitors leads to disease relapse in a majority of melanoma patients. In many instances, this resistance is promoted by upregulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) in melanoma cells. We recently showed that a novel electron transport chain (ETC) complex I inhibitor, IACS-010759 (IACS), abolished OxPhos and significantly inhibited tumor growth of high-OxPhos, BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi)–resistant human melanomas. However, the inhibition was not uniform across different high OxPhos melanomas, and combination with BRAFi did not improve efficacy. Methods We performed a high-throughput unbiased combinatorial drug screen of clinically relevant small molecules to identify the most potent combination agent with IACS for inhibiting the growth of high-OxPhos, BRAFi-resistant melanomas. We performed bioenergetics and carbon-13 metabolite tracing to delineate the metabolic basis of sensitization of melanomas to the combination treatment. We performed xenograft tumor growth studies and Reverse-Phase Protein Array (RPPA)–based functional proteomics analysis of tumors from mice fed with regular or high-fat diet to evaluate in vivo molecular basis of sensitization to the combination treatment. Results A combinatorial drug screen and subsequent validation studies identified Atorvastatin (STN), a hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (HMGCRi), as the most potent treatment combination with IACS to inhibit in vitro cell growth and induce tumor regression or stasis of some BRAFi-resistant melanomas. Bioenergetics analysis revealed a dependence on fatty acid metabolism in melanomas that responded to the combination treatment. RPPA analysis and carbon-13 tracing analysis in these melanoma cells showed that IACS treatment decreased metabolic fuel utilization for fatty acid metabolism, but increased substrate availability for activation of the mevalonate pathway by HMGCR, creating a dependence on this pathway. Functional proteomic analysis showed that IACS treatment inhibited MAPK but activated AKT pathway. Combination treatment with STN counteracted AKT activation. Conclusions STN and other clinically approved HMGCRi could be promising combinatorial agents for improving the efficacy of ETC inhibitors like IACS in BRAFi-resistant melanomas. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40170-022-00281-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn de Groot
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sruthy Varghese
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lin Tan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Barbara Knighton
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary Sobieski
- Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nghi Nguyen
- Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yong Sung Park
- Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Reid Powell
- Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Philip L Lorenzi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bin Zheng
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Clifford Stephan
- Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y N Vashisht Gopal
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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28
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Taftian M, Beigrezaei S, Arabi V, Salehi-Abargouei A. The Effect of Ketogenic Diet on Weight Loss in Adult Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Clinical Trials. Nutr Cancer 2022; 74:1222-1234. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1942081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Taftian
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sara Beigrezaei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Vahid Arabi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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29
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Alderweireldt E, Grootaert C, De Wever O, Van Camp J. A two-front nutritional environment fuels colorectal cancer: perspectives for dietary intervention. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:105-119. [PMID: 34887164 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) develops and progresses in a nutritional environment comprising a continuously changing luminal cocktail of external dietary and microbial factors on the apical side, and a dynamic host-related pool of systemic factors on the serosal side. In this review, we highlight how this two-front environment influences the bioenergetic status of colonocytes throughout CRC development from (cancer) stem cells to cancer cells in nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor conditions, and eventually to metastatic cells, which, upon entry to the circulation and during metastatic seeding, are forced to metabolically adapt. Furthermore, given the influence of diet on the two-front nutritional environment, we discuss dietary strategies that target the specific metabolic preferences of these cells, with a possible impact on colon cancer cell bioenergetics and CRC outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elien Alderweireldt
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Grootaert
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - John Van Camp
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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30
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Bohm MS, Sipe LM, Pye ME, Davis MJ, Pierre JF, Makowski L. The role of obesity and bariatric surgery-induced weight loss in breast cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:673-695. [PMID: 35870055 PMCID: PMC9470652 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex metabolic condition considered a worldwide public health crisis, and a deeper mechanistic understanding of obesity-associated diseases is urgently needed. Obesity comorbidities include many associated cancers and are estimated to account for 20% of female cancer deaths in the USA. Breast cancer, in particular, is associated with obesity and is the focus of this review. The exact causal links between obesity and breast cancer remain unclear. Still, interactions have emerged between body mass index, tumor molecular subtype, genetic background, and environmental factors that strongly suggest obesity influences the risk and progression of certain breast cancers. Supportive preclinical research uses various diet-induced obesity models to demonstrate that weight loss, via dietary interventions or changes in energy expenditure, reduces the onset or progression of breast cancers. Ongoing and future studies are now aimed at elucidating the underpinning mechanisms behind weight-loss-driven observations to improve therapy and outcomes in patients with breast cancer and reduce risk. This review aims to summarize the rapidly emerging literature on obesity and weight loss strategies with a focused discussion of bariatric surgery in both clinical and preclinical studies detailing the complex interactions between metabolism, immune response, and immunotherapy in the setting of obesity and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret S. Bohm
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Laura M. Sipe
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Madeline E. Pye
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Matthew J. Davis
- Division of Bariatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Joseph F. Pierre
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA ,Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA ,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA ,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA ,College of Medicine, UTHSC Center for Cancer Research, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Cancer Research Building Room 322, 19 S Manassas Street, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
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31
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Costa EHS, Krüger JF, Camargo CQ, Preti VB, Hillesheim E, Rabito EI. Effects of Fasting on Chemotherapy Treatment Response: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence and Suggestions for the Design of Future Clinical Trials. Nutr Cancer 2022; 74:1213-1221. [PMID: 34121530 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1938147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fasting associated with chemotherapy could improve the efficacy of anticancer treatments without increasing their adverse effects. We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA Statement to summarize the evidence on the effects of fasting on treatment response of adults undergoing chemotherapy and make suggestions for the design of future clinical trials The search was performed on CENTRAL, PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS and Embase. Randomized and non-randomized clinical trials evaluating the effects of fasting (above 12 h, at anytime) on treatment response of adult cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy were included. The risk of bias assessment was conducted in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook. Literature search retrieved 1393 citations and three studies were included in the review. All studies had as an intervention fasting of at least 24 h, before chemotherapy. Two studies showed that immediately after chemotherapy, damage to healthy cells was increased, however after 48 and 72 h, of fasting there was a decrease on damage magnitude. There was no difference in chemotherapy-related adverse events between intervention and control groups. All studies presented two or more criteria with a high risk of bias. Fasting of at least 24 h, appears to be safe and showed some beneficial effects on chemotherapy toxicity, that could be further investigated, however studies presented heterogeneous samples and protocols. We highlight the need and provide recommendations for well-designed randomized clinical trials that evaluate the effect of fasting on chemotherapy-related adverse events. This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO as CRD42019120071.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carolina Q Camargo
- School of Health Sciences, Positivo University, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Basso Preti
- Oncology Surgeon and Department of Nutritional Therapy, Hospital Erasto Gaertner, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Elaine Hillesheim
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Estela I Rabito
- Department of Nutrition and Postgraduate Program on Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
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Mitigation of Iron Irradiation-Induced Genotoxicity and Genomic Instability by Postexposure Dietary Restriction in Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:2888393. [PMID: 34926683 PMCID: PMC8677402 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2888393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose. Postexposure onset of dietary restriction (DR) is expected to provide therapeutic nutritional approaches to reduce health risk from exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) due to such as manned space exploration, radiotherapy, or nuclear accidents as IR could alleviate radiocarcinogenesis in animal models. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study is aimed at investigating the effect from postexposure onset of DR on genotoxicity and genomic instability (GI) induced by total body irradiation (TBI) in mice. Materials and Methods. Mice were exposed to 2.0 Gy of accelerated iron particles with an initial energy of 500 MeV/nucleon and a linear energy transfer (LET) value of about 200 keV/μm. After TBI, mice were either allowed to free access to a standard laboratory chow or treated under DR (25% cut in diet). Using micronucleus frequency (MNF) in bone marrow erythrocytes, induction of acute genotoxicity and GI in the hematopoietic system was, respectively, determined 1 and 2 months after TBI. Results and Conclusions. TBI alone caused a significant increase in MNF while DR alone did not markedly influence the MNF. DR induced a significant decrease in MNF compared to the treatment by TBI alone. Results demonstrated that postexposure onset of DR could relieve the elevated MNF induced by TBI with high-LET iron particles. These findings indicated that reduction in acute genotoxicity and late GI may be at least a part of the mechanisms underlying decreased radiocarcinogenesis by DR.
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Benau EM, Makara A, Orloff NC, Benner E, Serpell L, Timko CA. How Does Fasting Affect Cognition? An Updated Systematic Review (2013-2020). Curr Nutr Rep 2021; 10:376-390. [PMID: 34595721 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-021-00370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this review was to provide an update on the literature examining how voluntary, temporary abstention from eating impacts cognitive function. RECENT FINDINGS We evaluated peer-reviewed articles published between August 2013 and January 2021 that assessed adults, included a measure of cognitive functioning with neutral stimuli, and compared individuals in a fasted state to individuals in a fed state (either within- or between-subject designs). Nineteen articles (21 studies) met inclusion criteria. Sample sizes, fasting methods, and tasks varied across studies. Review of studies indicated that fasting was associated with deficits in cognitive functioning; few studies indicated a benefit in cognitive functioning following a single voluntary fast. The heterogeneity and rarity of available studies limits the conclusions that can be drawn. Several crucial psychosocial and sociodemographic moderators remain unexplored. Recommendations for future work are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Makara
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Eleanor Benner
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - C Alix Timko
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Luby A, Alves-Guerra MC. Targeting Metabolism to Control Immune Responses in Cancer and Improve Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235912. [PMID: 34885023 PMCID: PMC8656934 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, advances in cancer immunotherapy through PD1-PDL1 and CTLA4 immune checkpoint blockade have revolutionized the management of cancer treatment. However, these treatments are inefficient for many cancers, and unfortunately, few patients respond to these treatments. Indeed, altered metabolic pathways in the tumor play a pivotal role in tumor growth and immune response. Thus, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) reprograms the behavior of immune cells by altering their cellular machinery and nutrient availability to limit antitumor functions. Today, thanks to a better understanding of cancer metabolism, immunometabolism and immune checkpoint evasion, the development of new therapeutic approaches targeting the energy metabolism of cancer or immune cells greatly improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in different cancer models. Herein, we highlight the changes in metabolic pathways that regulate the differentiation of pro- and antitumor immune cells and how TME-induced metabolic stress impedes their antitumor activity. Finally, we propose some drug strategies to target these pathways in the context of cancer immunotherapy.
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35
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Evaluating the beneficial effects of dietary restrictions: A framework for precision nutrigeroscience. Cell Metab 2021; 33:2142-2173. [PMID: 34555343 PMCID: PMC8845500 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) has long been viewed as the most robust nongenetic means to extend lifespan and healthspan. Many aging-associated mechanisms are nutrient responsive, but despite the ubiquitous functions of these pathways, the benefits of DR often vary among individuals and even among tissues within an individual, challenging the aging research field. Furthermore, it is often assumed that lifespan interventions like DR will also extend healthspan, which is thus often ignored in aging studies. In this review, we provide an overview of DR as an intervention and discuss the mechanisms by which it affects lifespan and various healthspan measures. We also review studies that demonstrate exceptions to the standing paradigm of DR being beneficial, thus raising new questions that future studies must address. We detail critical factors for the proposed field of precision nutrigeroscience, which would utilize individualized treatments and predict outcomes using biomarkers based on genotype, sex, tissue, and age.
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36
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Daily caloric restriction limits tumor growth more effectively than caloric cycling regardless of dietary composition. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6201. [PMID: 34707136 PMCID: PMC8551193 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer incidence increases with age and is a leading cause of death. Caloric restriction (CR) confers benefits on health and survival and delays cancer. However, due to CR's stringency, dietary alternatives offering the same cancer protection have become increasingly attractive. Short cycles of a plant-based diet designed to mimic fasting (FMD) are protective against tumorigenesis without the chronic restriction of calories. Yet, it is unclear whether the fasting time, level of dietary restriction, or nutrient composition is the primary driver behind cancer protection. Using a breast cancer model in mice, we compare the potency of daily CR to that of periodic caloric cycling on FMD or an isocaloric standard laboratory chow against primary tumor growth and metastatic burden. Here, we report that daily CR provides greater protection against tumor growth and metastasis to the lung, which may be in part due to the unique immune signature observed with daily CR.
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Lane J, Brown NI, Williams S, Plaisance EP, Fontaine KR. Ketogenic Diet for Cancer: Critical Assessment and Research Recommendations. Nutrients 2021; 13:3562. [PMID: 34684564 PMCID: PMC8539953 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite remarkable improvements in screening, diagnosis, and targeted therapies, cancer remains the second leading cause of death in the United States. It is increasingly clear that diet and lifestyle practices play a substantial role in cancer development and progression. As such, various dietary compositions have been proposed for reducing cancer risk and as potential adjuvant therapies. In this article, we critically assess the preclinical and human trials on the effects of the ketogenic diet (KD, i.e., high-fat, moderate-to-low protein, and very-low carbohydrate content) for cancer-related outcomes. The mechanisms underlying the hypothesized effects of KD, most notably the Warburg Effect, suggest that restricting carbohydrate content may impede cancer development and progression via several pathways (e.g., tumor metabolism, gene expression). Overall, although preclinical studies suggest that KD has antitumor effects, prolongs survival, and prevents cancer development, human clinical trials are equivocal. Because of the lack of high-quality clinical trials, the effects of KD on cancer and as an adjunctive therapy are essentially unknown. We propose a set of research recommendations for clinical studies examining the effects of KD on cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordin Lane
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.L.); (N.I.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Nashira I. Brown
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.L.); (N.I.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Shanquela Williams
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.L.); (N.I.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Eric P. Plaisance
- Department of Human Studies, School of Education, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Kevin R. Fontaine
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.L.); (N.I.B.); (S.W.)
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Kocabas Ş, Sanlier N. A comprehensive overview of the complex relationship between epigenetics, bioactive components, cancer, and aging. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-13. [PMID: 34623201 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1986803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Among age-related diseases, the incidence of cancer increases significantly due to the overlap of some molecular pathways between cancer and aging. While the genetic influence on the human lifespan is estimated to be about 20-25%, epigenetic changes play an important role in modulating individual health status, aging. Aging and age-related conditions are processes that can be modified by both genetic, environmental factors, including dietary habits. Epigenetics is a new discipline has significant potential to be applied for the prevention, management of certain carcinomas and diseases. Epigenetic modifications may play an important role in disease occurrence and pathogenesis. Some nutritional components can be significantly effective in the prevention of breast, skin, esophagus, colorectal, prostate, pancreatic, lung cancers. It contains minerals, vitamins, and some bioactive components (curcumin, indole 3 carbinol, di-indolylmethane, sulforaphane, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, genistein, resveratrol, pterostilbene, apigenin, etc.) regulatory processes. However, compelling evidence suggests that dietary habits can manipulate the aging process and/or its consequences, have health benefits. Aging processes become complex when combined with the relational role of bioactive nutritional components on gene expression. In this review, the relationship between epigenetic processes caused by DNA methylylation, histone modification, non-coding m-RNA, and telomerase activity, the risk of aging and cancer is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şule Kocabas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Ankara Medipol University, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nevin Sanlier
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Ankara Medipol University, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
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Christensen RAG, Kirkham AA. Time-Restricted Eating: A Novel and Simple Dietary Intervention for Primary and Secondary Prevention of Breast Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:3476. [PMID: 34684476 PMCID: PMC8537890 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is substantial overlap in risk factors for the pathogenesis and progression of breast cancer (BC) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), including obesity, metabolic disturbances, and chronic inflammation. These unifying features remain prevalent after a BC diagnosis and are exacerbated by BC treatment, resulting in elevated CVD risk among survivors. Thus, therapies that target these risk factors or mechanisms are likely to be effective for the prevention or progression of both conditions. In this narrative review, we propose time-restricted eating (TRE) as a simple lifestyle therapy to address many upstream causative factors associated with both BC and CVD. TRE is simple dietary strategy that typically involves the consumption of ad libitum energy intake within 8 h, followed by a 16-h fast. We describe the feasibility and safety of TRE and the available evidence for the impact of TRE on metabolic, cardiovascular, and cancer-specific health benefits. We also highlight potential solutions for overcoming barriers to adoption and adherence and areas requiring future research. In composite, we make the case for the use of TRE as a novel, safe, and feasible intervention for primary and secondary BC prevention, as well as tertiary prevention as it relates to CVD in BC survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy A. Kirkham
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2C9, Canada
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Dierge E, Debock E, Guilbaud C, Corbet C, Mignolet E, Mignard L, Bastien E, Dessy C, Larondelle Y, Feron O. Peroxidation of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the acidic tumor environment leads to ferroptosis-mediated anticancer effects. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1701-1715.e5. [PMID: 34118189 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tumor acidosis promotes disease progression through a stimulation of fatty acid (FA) metabolism in cancer cells. Instead of blocking the use of FAs by acidic cancer cells, we examined whether excess uptake of specific FAs could lead to antitumor effects. We found that n-3 but also remarkably n-6 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) selectively induced ferroptosis in cancer cells under ambient acidosis. Upon exceeding buffering capacity of triglyceride storage into lipid droplets, n-3 and n-6 PUFA peroxidation led to cytotoxic effects in proportion to the number of double bonds and even more so in the presence of diacylglycerol acyltransferase inhibitors (DGATi). Finally, an n-3 long-chain PUFA-rich diet significantly delayed mouse tumor growth when compared with a monounsaturated FA-rich diet, an effect further accentuated by administration of DGATi or ferroptosis inducers. These data point out dietary PUFA as a selective adjuvant antitumor modality that may efficiently complement pharmacological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Dierge
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, 57 Avenue Hippocrate B1.5704, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), UCLouvain, Croix du Sud 4-5/L7.07.03, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Elena Debock
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), UCLouvain, Croix du Sud 4-5/L7.07.03, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Céline Guilbaud
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, 57 Avenue Hippocrate B1.5704, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cyril Corbet
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, 57 Avenue Hippocrate B1.5704, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eric Mignolet
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), UCLouvain, Croix du Sud 4-5/L7.07.03, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Louise Mignard
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), UCLouvain, Croix du Sud 4-5/L7.07.03, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Estelle Bastien
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, 57 Avenue Hippocrate B1.5704, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chantal Dessy
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, 57 Avenue Hippocrate B1.5704, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yvan Larondelle
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), UCLouvain, Croix du Sud 4-5/L7.07.03, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Olivier Feron
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, 57 Avenue Hippocrate B1.5704, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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Hoong CWS, Chua MWJ. SGLT2 Inhibitors as Calorie Restriction Mimetics: Insights on Longevity Pathways and Age-Related Diseases. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6226811. [PMID: 33857309 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors induce glycosuria, reduce insulin levels, and promote fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. By promoting a nutrient deprivation state, SGLT2 inhibitors upregulate the energy deprivation sensors AMPK and SIRT1, inhibit the nutrient sensors mTOR and insulin/IGF1, and modulate the closely linked hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2α/HIF-1α pathways. Phosphorylation of AMPK and upregulation of adiponectin and PPAR-α favor a reversal of the metabolic syndrome which have been linked to suppression of chronic inflammation. Downregulation of insulin/IGF1 pathways and mTOR signaling from a reduction in glucose and circulating amino acids promote cellular repair mechanisms, including autophagy and proteostasis which confer cellular stress resistance and attenuate cellular senescence. SIRT1, another energy sensor activated by NAD+ in nutrient-deficient states, is reciprocally activated by AMPK, and can deacetylate and activate transcription factors, such as PCG-1α, mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), and nuclear factor E2-related factor (NRF)-2, that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis. FOXO3 transcription factor which target genes in stress resistance, is also activated by AMPK and SIRT1. Modulation of these pathways by SGLT2 inhibitors have been shown to alleviate metabolic diseases, attenuate vascular inflammation and arterial stiffness, improve mitochondrial function and reduce oxidative stress-induced tissue damage. Compared with other calorie restriction mimetics such as metformin, rapamycin, resveratrol, and NAD+ precursors, SGLT2 inhibitors appear to be the most promising in the treatment of aging-related diseases, due to their regulation of multiple longevity pathways that closely resembles that achieved by calorie restriction and their established efficacy in reducing cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Evidence is compelling for the role of SGLT2 inhibitors as a calorie restriction mimetic in anti-aging therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline W S Hoong
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of General Medicine, Woodlands Health Campus, National Healthcare Group Singapore, Woodlands Health Campus Singapore, 768024, Singapore
| | - Marvin W J Chua
- Endocrinology Service, Department of General Medicine, Sengkang General Hospital, SingHealth Group Singapore, Sengkang General Hospital Singapore, 544886, Singapore
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42
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Talib WH, Mahmod AI, Kamal A, Rashid HM, Alashqar AMD, Khater S, Jamal D, Waly M. Ketogenic Diet in Cancer Prevention and Therapy: Molecular Targets and Therapeutic Opportunities. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:558-589. [PMID: 34287243 PMCID: PMC8928964 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cancer is still one of the most significant global challenges facing public health, the world still lacks complementary approaches that would significantly enhance the efficacy of standard anticancer therapies. One of the essential strategies during cancer treatment is following a healthy diet program. The ketogenic diet (KD) has recently emerged as a metabolic therapy in cancer treatment, targeting cancer cell metabolism rather than a conventional dietary approach. The ketogenic diet (KD), a high-fat and very-low-carbohydrate with adequate amounts of protein, has shown antitumor effects by reducing energy supplies to cells. This low energy supply inhibits tumor growth, explaining the ketogenic diet's therapeutic mechanisms in cancer treatment. This review highlights the crucial mechanisms that explain the ketogenic diet's potential antitumor effects, which probably produces an unfavorable metabolic environment for cancer cells and can be used as a promising adjuvant in cancer therapy. Studies discussed in this review provide a solid background for researchers and physicians to design new combination therapies based on KD and conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wamidh H. Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (A.I.M.); (A.K.); (H.M.R.); (A.M.D.A.); (S.K.); (D.J.)
| | - Asma Ismail Mahmod
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (A.I.M.); (A.K.); (H.M.R.); (A.M.D.A.); (S.K.); (D.J.)
| | - Ayah Kamal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (A.I.M.); (A.K.); (H.M.R.); (A.M.D.A.); (S.K.); (D.J.)
| | - Hasan M. Rashid
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (A.I.M.); (A.K.); (H.M.R.); (A.M.D.A.); (S.K.); (D.J.)
| | - Aya M. D. Alashqar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (A.I.M.); (A.K.); (H.M.R.); (A.M.D.A.); (S.K.); (D.J.)
| | - Samar Khater
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (A.I.M.); (A.K.); (H.M.R.); (A.M.D.A.); (S.K.); (D.J.)
| | - Duaa Jamal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (A.I.M.); (A.K.); (H.M.R.); (A.M.D.A.); (S.K.); (D.J.)
| | - Mostafa Waly
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 34-123, Oman;
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43
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Schmidt DR, Patel R, Kirsch DG, Lewis CA, Vander Heiden MG, Locasale JW. Metabolomics in cancer research and emerging applications in clinical oncology. CA Cancer J Clin 2021; 71:333-358. [PMID: 33982817 PMCID: PMC8298088 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has myriad effects on metabolism that include both rewiring of intracellular metabolism to enable cancer cells to proliferate inappropriately and adapt to the tumor microenvironment, and changes in normal tissue metabolism. With the recognition that fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography imaging is an important tool for the management of many cancers, other metabolites in biological samples have been in the spotlight for cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy. Metabolomics is the global analysis of small molecule metabolites that like other -omics technologies can provide critical information about the cancer state that are otherwise not apparent. Here, the authors review how cancer and cancer therapies interact with metabolism at the cellular and systemic levels. An overview of metabolomics is provided with a focus on currently available technologies and how they have been applied in the clinical and translational research setting. The authors also discuss how metabolomics could be further leveraged in the future to improve the management of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Schmidt
- Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Corresponding author:-
| | - Rutulkumar Patel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - David G. Kirsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Caroline A. Lewis
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Matthew G. Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jason W. Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Corresponding author:-
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44
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Crudele L, Piccinin E, Moschetta A. Visceral Adiposity and Cancer: Role in Pathogenesis and Prognosis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062101. [PMID: 34205356 PMCID: PMC8234141 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of being overweight and obese has been expanded dramatically in recent years worldwide. Obesity usually occurs when the energetic introit overtakes energy expenditure from metabolic and physical activity, leading to fat accumulation mainly in the visceral depots. Excessive fat accumulation represents a risk factor for many chronic diseases, including cancer. Adiposity, chronic low-grade inflammation, and hyperinsulinemia are essential factors of obesity that also play a crucial role in tumor onset. In recent years, several strategies have been pointed toward boundary fat accumulation, thus limiting the burden of cancer attributable to obesity. While remodeling fat via adipocytes browning seems a tempting prospect, lifestyle interventions still represent the main pathway to prevent cancer and enhance the efficacy of treatments. Specifically, the Mediterranean Diet stands out as one of the best dietary approaches to curtail visceral adiposity and, therefore, cancer risk. In this Review, the close relationship between obesity and cancer has been investigated, highlighting the biological mechanisms at the basis of this link. Finally, strategies to remodel fat, including browning and lifestyle interventions, have been taken into consideration as a major perspective to limit excess body weight and tumor onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Crudele
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.C.); (E.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Piccinin
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.C.); (E.P.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.C.); (E.P.)
- INBB, National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy
- National Cancer Center, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-559-3262
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45
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Duregon E, Pomatto-Watson LCDD, Bernier M, Price NL, de Cabo R. Intermittent fasting: from calories to time restriction. GeroScience 2021; 43:1083-1092. [PMID: 33686571 PMCID: PMC8190218 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00335-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The global human population has recently experienced an increase in life expectancy with a mounting concern about the steady rise in the incidence of age-associated chronic diseases and socio-economic burden. Calorie restriction (CR), the reduction of energy intake without malnutrition, is a dietary manipulation that can increase health and longevity in most model organisms. However, the practice of CR in day-to-day life is a challenging long-term goal for human intervention. Recently, daily fasting length and periodicity have emerged as potential drivers behind CR's beneficial health effects. Numerous strategies and eating patterns have been successfully developed to recapitulate many of CR's benefits without its austerity. These novel feeding protocols range from shortened meal timing designed to interact with our circadian system (e.g., daily time-restricted feeding) to more extended fasting regimens known as intermittent fasting. Here, we provide a glimpse of the current status of knowledge on different strategies to reap the benefits of CR on metabolic health in murine models and in humans, without the rigor of continuous reduction in caloric intake as presented at the USU State of the Science Symposium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Duregon
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Laura C D D Pomatto-Watson
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Nathan L Price
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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46
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Lawrence GD. Perspective: The Saturated Fat-Unsaturated Oil Dilemma: Relations of Dietary Fatty Acids and Serum Cholesterol, Atherosclerosis, Inflammation, Cancer, and All-Cause Mortality. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:647-656. [PMID: 33693484 PMCID: PMC8166560 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PUFAs are known to regulate cholesterol synthesis and cellular uptake by multiple mechanisms that do not involve SFAs. Polymorphisms in any of the numerous proteins involved in cholesterol homeostasis, as a result of genetic variation, could lead to higher or lower serum cholesterol. PUFAs are susceptible to lipid peroxidation, which can lead to oxidative stress, inflammation, atherosclerosis, cancer, and disorders associated with inflammation, such as insulin resistance, arthritis, and numerous inflammatory syndromes. Eicosanoids from arachidonic acid are among the most powerful mediators that initiate an immune response, and a wide range of PUFA metabolites regulate numerous physiological processes. There is a misconception that dietary SFAs can cause inflammation, although endogenous palmitic acid is converted to ceramides and other cell constituents involved in an inflammatory response after it is initiated by lipid mediators derived from PUFAs. This article will discuss the many misconceptions regarding how dietary lipids regulate serum cholesterol, the fact that all-cause death rate is higher in humans with low compared with normal or moderately elevated serum total cholesterol, the numerous adverse effects of increasing dietary PUFAs or carbohydrate relative to SFAs, as well as metabolic conversion of PUFAs to SFAs and MUFAs as a protective mechanism. Consequently, dietary saturated fats seem to be less harmful than the proposed alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen D Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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47
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Holzscheck N, Falckenhayn C, Söhle J, Kristof B, Siegner R, Werner A, Schössow J, Jürgens C, Völzke H, Wenck H, Winnefeld M, Grönniger E, Kaderali L. Modeling transcriptomic age using knowledge-primed artificial neural networks. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2021; 7:15. [PMID: 34075044 PMCID: PMC8169742 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-021-00068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of 'age clocks', machine learning models predicting age from biological data, has been a major milestone in the search for reliable markers of biological age and has since become an invaluable tool in aging research. However, beyond their unquestionable utility, current clocks offer little insight into the molecular biological processes driving aging, and their inner workings often remain non-transparent. Here we propose a new type of age clock, one that couples predictivity with interpretability of the underlying biology, achieved through the incorporation of prior knowledge into the model design. The clock, an artificial neural network constructed according to well-described biological pathways, allows the prediction of age from gene expression data of skin tissue with high accuracy, while at the same time capturing and revealing aging states of the pathways driving the prediction. The model recapitulates known associations of aging gene knockdowns in simulation experiments and demonstrates its utility in deciphering the main pathways by which accelerated aging conditions such as Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, as well as pro-longevity interventions like caloric restriction, exert their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Holzscheck
- grid.432589.10000 0001 2201 4639Front End Innovation, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany ,grid.5603.0Institute for Bioinformatics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Cassandra Falckenhayn
- grid.432589.10000 0001 2201 4639Front End Innovation, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörn Söhle
- grid.432589.10000 0001 2201 4639Front End Innovation, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Boris Kristof
- grid.432589.10000 0001 2201 4639Front End Innovation, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Siegner
- grid.432589.10000 0001 2201 4639Front End Innovation, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - André Werner
- grid.5603.0Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Janka Schössow
- grid.5603.0Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Clemens Jürgens
- grid.5603.0Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- grid.5603.0Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Horst Wenck
- grid.432589.10000 0001 2201 4639Front End Innovation, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc Winnefeld
- grid.432589.10000 0001 2201 4639Front End Innovation, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elke Grönniger
- grid.432589.10000 0001 2201 4639Front End Innovation, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Kaderali
- grid.5603.0Institute for Bioinformatics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Cannabinoid Receptors Overexpression in a Rat Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) after Treatment with a Ketogenic Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062880. [PMID: 33809047 PMCID: PMC7999285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The administration of a ketogenic diet (KD) has been considered therapeutic in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which a low-carbohydrate diet, such as KD, can improve gastrointestinal symptoms and functions in an animal model of IBS by evaluating possible changes in intestinal tissue expression of endocannabinoid receptors. In rats fed a KD, we detected a significant restoration of cell damage to the intestinal crypt base, a histological feature of IBS condition, and upregulation of CB1 and CB2 receptors. The diet also affected glucose metabolism and intestinal membrane permeability, with an overexpression of the glucose transporter GLUT1 and tight junction proteins in treated rats. The present data suggest that CB receptors represent one of the molecular pathways through which the KD works and support possible cannabinoid-mediated protection at the intestinal level in the IBS rats after dietary treatment.
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Wang B, Tanaka K, Katsube T, Maruyama K, Ninomiya Y, Varès G, Liu C, Hirakawa H, Murakami M, Fardous Z, Sultana N, Fujita K, Fujimori A, Nakajima T, Nenoi M. Reduced High-Dose Radiation-Induced Residual Genotoxic Damage by Induction of Radioadaptive Response and Prophylactic Mild Dietary Restriction in Mice. Dose Response 2021; 19:1559325820982166. [PMID: 33628149 PMCID: PMC7883164 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820982166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioadaptive response (RAR) describes a phenomenon in a variety of in vitro and in vivo systems that a low-dose of priming ionizing radiation (IR) reduces detrimental effects of a subsequent challenge IR at higher doses. Among in vivo investigations, studies using the mouse RAR model (Yonezawa Effect) showed that RAR could significantly extenuate high-dose IR-induced detrimental effects such as decrease of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells, acute radiation hematopoietic syndrome, genotoxicity and genomic instability. Meanwhile, it has been demonstrated that diet intervention has a great impact on health, and dietary restriction shows beneficial effects on numerous diseases in animal models. In this work, by using the mouse RAR model and mild dietary restriction (MDR), we confirmed that combination of RAR and MDR could more efficiently reduce radiogenotoxic damage without significant change of the RAR phenotype. These findings suggested that MDR may share some common pathways with RAR to activate mechanisms consequently resulting in suppression of genotoxicity. As MDR could also increase resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in normal cells, we propose that combination of MDR, RAR, and other cancer treatments (i.e., chemotherapy and radiotherapy) represent a potential strategy to increase the treatment efficacy and prevent IR risk in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tanaka
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takanori Katsube
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kouichi Maruyama
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Ninomiya
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Guillaume Varès
- Cell Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Cuihua Liu
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hirakawa
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Zeenath Fardous
- Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, People's Republic of Bangladesh
| | - Nahida Sultana
- Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, People's Republic of Bangladesh
| | - Kazuko Fujita
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Fujimori
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nakajima
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Nenoi
- Department of Safety Administration, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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Choi JW, Hua TNM. Impact of Lifestyle Behaviors on Cancer Risk and Prevention. J Lifestyle Med 2021; 11:1-7. [PMID: 33763336 PMCID: PMC7957047 DOI: 10.15280/jlm.2021.11.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer incidences are rising globally. Therefore, in order to prevent and treat cancer, understanding cancer pathology is crucial. Tumors reprogram their metabolic phenotype to meet their needs for bioenergy, biosynthesis, and redox control. Alteration of the metabolic pathway has been proposed as the hallmark of cancer and explains the distinction between normal and cancer cells concerning nutrient utilization. Changes in the metabolism of nutrients such as glucose, amino acid, and fatty acid are associated with cancer risk. Luckily, this can be controlled with lifestyle modifications. Improvements in lifestyle behaviors to reduce cancer risks include a healthy diet, calorie restriction, and regular physical activity. This review begins with the understandings of metabolic reprogramming in cancer. Then, there will be evidence on the correlation between lifestyle factors and altered nutrient metabolism suggesting an application of lifestyle intervention for cancer risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Whan Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Tuyen N M Hua
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Department of Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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