1
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Xiao F, Zhang X, Morton SU, Kim SW, Fan Y, Gorham JM, Zhang H, Berkson PJ, Mazumdar N, Cao Y, Chen J, Hagen J, Liu X, Zhou P, Richter F, Shen Y, Ward T, Gelb BD, Seidman JG, Seidman CE, Pu WT. Functional dissection of human cardiac enhancers and noncoding de novo variants in congenital heart disease. Nat Genet 2024; 56:420-430. [PMID: 38378865 PMCID: PMC11218660 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Rare coding mutations cause ∼45% of congenital heart disease (CHD). Noncoding mutations that perturb cis-regulatory elements (CREs) likely contribute to the remaining cases, but their identification has been problematic. Using a lentiviral massively parallel reporter assay (lentiMPRA) in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs), we functionally evaluated 6,590 noncoding de novo variants (ncDNVs) prioritized from the whole-genome sequencing of 750 CHD trios. A total of 403 ncDNVs substantially affected cardiac CRE activity. A majority increased enhancer activity, often at regions with undetectable reference sequence activity. Of ten DNVs tested by introduction into their native genomic context, four altered the expression of neighboring genes and iPSC-CM transcriptional state. To prioritize future DNVs for functional testing, we used the MPRA data to develop a regression model, EpiCard. Analysis of an independent CHD cohort by EpiCard found enrichment of DNVs. Together, we developed a scalable system to measure the effect of ncDNVs on CRE activity and deployed it to systematically assess the contribution of ncDNVs to CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah U Morton
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seong Won Kim
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Youfei Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Joshua M Gorham
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul J Berkson
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neil Mazumdar
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yangpo Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacob Hagen
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Xujie Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pingzhu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Felix Richter
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Departments of Systems Biology and Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Tarsha Ward
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce D Gelb
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | | | - Christine E Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
| | - William T Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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2
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Collette AM, Hassan SA, Schmidt SI, Lara AJ, Yang W, Samara NL. An unusual dual sugar-binding lectin domain controls the substrate specificity of a mucin-type O-glycosyltransferase. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj8829. [PMID: 38416819 PMCID: PMC10901373 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj8829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
N-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferases (GalNAc-Ts) initiate mucin-type O-glycosylation, an abundant and complex posttranslational modification that regulates host-microbe interactions, tissue development, and metabolism. GalNAc-Ts contain a lectin domain consisting of three homologous repeats (α, β, and γ), where α and β can potentially interact with O-GalNAc on substrates to enhance activity toward a nearby acceptor Thr/Ser. The ubiquitous isoenzyme GalNAc-T1 modulates heart development, immunity, and SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, but its substrates are largely unknown. Here, we show that both α and β in GalNAc-T1 uniquely orchestrate the O-glycosylation of various glycopeptide substrates. The α repeat directs O-glycosylation to acceptor sites carboxyl-terminal to an existing GalNAc, while the β repeat directs O-glycosylation to amino-terminal sites. In addition, GalNAc-T1 incorporates α and β into various substrate binding modes to cooperatively increase the specificity toward an acceptor site located between two existing O-glycans. Our studies highlight a unique mechanism by which dual lectin repeats expand substrate specificity and provide crucial information for identifying the biological substrates of GalNAc-T1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbie M Collette
- Structural Biochemistry Unit, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sergio A Hassan
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, OCICB, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Susan I Schmidt
- MICaB Program, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alexander J Lara
- Section on Biological Chemistry, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Weiming Yang
- Section on Biological Chemistry, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nadine L Samara
- Structural Biochemistry Unit, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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3
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Tian E, Syed ZA, Edin ML, Zeldin DC, Ten Hagen KG. Dynamic expression of mucins and the genes controlling mucin-type O-glycosylation within the mouse respiratory system. Glycobiology 2023; 33:476-489. [PMID: 37115803 PMCID: PMC10284109 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 global pandemic has underscored the need to understand how viruses and other pathogens are able to infect and replicate within the respiratory system. Recent studies have highlighted the role of highly O-glycosylated mucins in the protection of the respiratory system as well as how mucin-type O-glycosylation may be able to modify viral infectivity. Therefore, we set out to identify the specific genes controlling mucin-type O-glycosylation throughout the mouse respiratory system as well as determine how their expression and the expression of respiratory mucins is influenced by infection or injury. Here, we show that certain mucins and members of the Galnt family are abundantly expressed in specific respiratory tissues/cells and demonstrate unique patterns of O-glycosylation across diverse respiratory tissues. Moreover, we find that the expression of certain Galnts and mucins is altered during lung infection and injury in experimental mice challenged with infectious agents, toxins, and allergens. Finally, we examine gene expression changes of Galnts and mucins in a mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our work provides foundational knowledge regarding the specific expression of Galnt enzyme family members and mucins throughout the respiratory system, and how their expression is altered upon lung infection and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tian
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4370, USA
| | - Zulfeqhar A Syed
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4370, USA
| | - Matthew L Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27514, USA
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27514, USA
| | - Kelly G Ten Hagen
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4370, USA
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4
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Sørensen DM, Büll C, Madsen TD, Lira-Navarrete E, Clausen TM, Clark AE, Garretson AF, Karlsson R, Pijnenborg JFA, Yin X, Miller RL, Chanda SK, Boltje TJ, Schjoldager KT, Vakhrushev SY, Halim A, Esko JD, Carlin AF, Hurtado-Guerrero R, Weigert R, Clausen H, Narimatsu Y. Identification of global inhibitors of cellular glycosylation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:948. [PMID: 36804936 PMCID: PMC9941569 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36598-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Small molecule inhibitors of glycosylation enzymes are valuable tools for dissecting glycan functions and potential drug candidates. Screening for inhibitors of glycosyltransferases are mainly performed by in vitro enzyme assays with difficulties moving candidates to cells and animals. Here, we circumvent this by employing a cell-based screening assay using glycoengineered cells expressing tailored reporter glycoproteins. We focused on GalNAc-type O-glycosylation and selected the GalNAc-T11 isoenzyme that selectively glycosylates endocytic low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-related proteins as targets. Our screen of a limited small molecule compound library did not identify selective inhibitors of GalNAc-T11, however, we identify two compounds that broadly inhibited Golgi-localized glycosylation processes. These compounds mediate the reversible fragmentation of the Golgi system without affecting secretion. We demonstrate how these inhibitors can be used to manipulate glycosylation in cells to induce expression of truncated O-glycans and augment binding of cancer-specific Tn-glycoprotein antibodies and to inhibit expression of heparan sulfate and binding and infection of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Madriz Sørensen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Büll
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas D Madsen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erandi Lira-Navarrete
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Thomas Mandel Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Alex E Clark
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Aaron F Garretson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Richard Karlsson
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan F A Pijnenborg
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Xin Yin
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Rebecca L Miller
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sumit K Chanda
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katrine T Schjoldager
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adnan Halim
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Aaron F Carlin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ramon Hurtado-Guerrero
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Roberto Weigert
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- GlycoDisplay ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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5
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Syed ZA, Zhang L, Ten Hagen KG. In vivo models of mucin biosynthesis and function. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 184:114182. [PMID: 35278522 PMCID: PMC9068269 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The secreted mucus layer that lines and protects epithelial cells is conserved across diverse species. While the exact composition of this protective layer varies between organisms, certain elements are conserved, including proteins that are heavily decorated with N-acetylgalactosamine-based sugars linked to serines or threonines (O-linked glycosylation). These heavily O-glycosylated proteins, known as mucins, exist in many forms and are able to form hydrated gel-like structures that coat epithelial surfaces. In vivo studies in diverse organisms have highlighted the importance of both the mucin proteins as well as their constituent O-glycans in the protection and health of internal epithelia. Here, we summarize in vivo approaches that have shed light on the synthesis and function of these essential components of mucus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfeqhar A Syed
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-4370, United States
| | - Liping Zhang
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-4370, United States
| | - Kelly G Ten Hagen
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-4370, United States.
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6
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Ahat E, Song Y, Xia K, Reid W, Li J, Bui S, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Wang Y. GRASP depletion-mediated Golgi fragmentation impairs glycosaminoglycan synthesis, sulfation, and secretion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:199. [PMID: 35312866 PMCID: PMC9164142 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04223-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of glycosaminoglycans, such as heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), occurs in the lumen of the Golgi, but the relationship between Golgi structural integrity and glycosaminoglycan synthesis is not clear. In this study, we disrupted the Golgi structure by knocking out GRASP55 and GRASP65 and determined its effect on the synthesis, sulfation, and secretion of HS and CS. We found that GRASP depletion increased HS synthesis while decreasing CS synthesis in cells, altered HS and CS sulfation, and reduced both HS and CS secretion. Using proteomics, RNA-seq and biochemical approaches, we identified EXTL3, a key enzyme in the HS synthesis pathway, whose level is upregulated in GRASP knockout cells; while GalNAcT1, an essential CS synthesis enzyme, is robustly reduced. In addition, we found that GRASP depletion decreased HS sulfation via the reduction of PAPSS2, a bifunctional enzyme in HS sulfation. Our study provides the first evidence that Golgi structural defect may significantly alter the synthesis and secretion of glycosaminoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erpan Ahat
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1085, USA
| | - Yuefan Song
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Ke Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Whitney Reid
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1085, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1085, USA
| | - Sarah Bui
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1085, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1085, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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7
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Loaeza-Reyes KJ, Zenteno E, Moreno-Rodríguez A, Torres-Rosas R, Argueta-Figueroa L, Salinas-Marín R, Castillo-Real LM, Pina-Canseco S, Cervera YP. An Overview of Glycosylation and its Impact on Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:751637. [PMID: 34869586 PMCID: PMC8635159 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.751637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular system is a complex and well-organized system in which glycosylation plays a vital role. The heart and vascular wall cells are constituted by an array of specific receptors; most of them are N- glycosylated and mucin-type O-glycosylated. There are also intracellular signaling pathways regulated by different post-translational modifications, including O-GlcNAcylation, which promote adequate responses to extracellular stimuli and signaling transduction. Herein, we provide an overview of N-glycosylation and O-glycosylation, including O-GlcNAcylation, and their role at different levels such as reception of signal, signal transduction, and exogenous molecules or agonists, which stimulate the heart and vascular wall cells with effects in different conditions, like the physiological status, ischemia/reperfusion, exercise, or during low-grade inflammation in diabetes and aging. Furthermore, mutations of glycosyltransferases and receptors are associated with development of cardiovascular diseases. The knowledge on glycosylation and its effects could be considered biochemical markers and might be useful as a therapeutic tool to control cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Julissa Loaeza-Reyes
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina-UNAM-UABJO, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Rafael Torres-Rosas
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Liliana Argueta-Figueroa
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico.,Conacyt - Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Roberta Salinas-Marín
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Lizet Monserrat Castillo-Real
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Socorro Pina-Canseco
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina-UNAM-UABJO, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Yobana Pérez Cervera
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina-UNAM-UABJO, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
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8
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Kato K, Hansen L, Clausen H. Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-Associated Phenotypes in Mammals. Molecules 2021; 26:5504. [PMID: 34576978 PMCID: PMC8472655 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycosylation involves the attachment of glycans to an initial O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) on serine and threonine residues on proteins. This process in mammals is initiated and regulated by a large family of 20 UDP-GalNAc: polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts) (EC 2.4.1.41). The enzymes are encoded by a large gene family (GALNTs). Two of these genes, GALNT2 and GALNT3, are known as monogenic autosomal recessive inherited disease genes with well characterized phenotypes, whereas a broad spectrum of phenotypes is associated with the remaining 18 genes. Until recently, the overlapping functionality of the 20 members of the enzyme family has hindered characterizing the specific biological roles of individual enzymes. However, recent evidence suggests that these enzymes do not have full functional redundancy and may serve specific purposes that are found in the different phenotypes described. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of GALNT and associated phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kato
- Department of Eco-Epidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Lars Hansen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Mærsk Building, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark;
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Mærsk Building, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark;
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9
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Wandall HH, Nielsen MAI, King-Smith S, de Haan N, Bagdonaite I. Global functions of O-glycosylation: promises and challenges in O-glycobiology. FEBS J 2021; 288:7183-7212. [PMID: 34346177 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mucin type O-glycosylation is one of the most diverse types of glycosylation, playing essential roles in tissue development and homeostasis. In complex organisms, O-GalNAc glycans comprise a substantial proportion of the glycocalyx, with defined functions in hemostatic, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems. Furthermore, O-GalNAc glycans are important players in host-microbe interactions, and changes in O-glycan composition are associated with certain diseases and metabolic conditions, which in some instances can be used for diagnosis or therapeutic intervention. Breakthroughs in O-glycobiology have gone hand in hand with the development of new technologies, such as advancements in mass spectrometry, as well as facilitation of genetic engineering in mammalian cell lines. High-throughput O-glycoproteomics have enabled us to draw a comprehensive map of O-glycosylation, and mining this information has supported the definition and confirmation of functions related to site-specific O-glycans. This includes protection from proteolytic cleavage, as well as modulation of binding affinity or receptor function. Yet, there is still much to discover, and among the important next challenges will be to define the context-dependent functions of O-glycans in different stages of cellular differentiation, cellular metabolism, host-microbiome interactions, and in disease. In this review, we present the achievements and the promises in O-GalNAc glycobiology driven by technological advances in analytical methods, genetic engineering, and systems biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans H Wandall
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathias A I Nielsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah King-Smith
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Noortje de Haan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ieva Bagdonaite
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Karimi K, Farid AH, Myles S, Miar Y. Detection of selection signatures for response to Aleutian mink disease virus infection in American mink. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2944. [PMID: 33536540 PMCID: PMC7859209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82522-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aleutian disease (AD) is the most significant health issue for farmed American mink. The objective of this study was to identify the genomic regions subjected to selection for response to infection with Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) in American mink using genotyping by sequencing (GBS) data. A total of 225 black mink were inoculated with AMDV and genotyped using a GBS assay based on the sequencing of ApeKI-digested libraries. Five AD-characterized phenotypes were used to assign animals to pairwise groups. Signatures of selection were detected using integrated measurement of fixation index (FST) and nucleotide diversity (θπ), that were validated by haplotype-based (hap-FLK) test. The total of 99 putatively selected regions harbouring 63 genes were detected in different groups. The gene ontology revealed numerous genes related to immune response (e.g. TRAF3IP2, WDR7, SWAP70, CBFB, and GPR65), liver development (e.g. SULF2, SRSF5) and reproduction process (e.g. FBXO5, CatSperβ, CATSPER4, and IGF2R). The hapFLK test supported two strongly selected regions that contained five candidate genes related to immune response, virus–host interaction, reproduction and liver regeneration. This study provided the first map of putative selection signals of response to AMDV infection in American mink, bringing new insights into genomic regions controlling the AD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Karimi
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - A Hossain Farid
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Sean Myles
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Younes Miar
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada.
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11
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Mucin-Type O-GalNAc Glycosylation in Health and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1325:25-60. [PMID: 34495529 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-70115-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mucin-type GalNAc O-glycosylation is one of the most abundant and unique post-translational modifications. The combination of proteome-wide mapping of GalNAc O-glycosylation sites and genetic studies with knockout animals and genome-wide analyses in humans have been instrumental in our understanding of GalNAc O-glycosylation. Combined, such studies have revealed well-defined functions of O-glycans at single sites in proteins, including the regulation of pro-protein processing and proteolytic cleavage, as well as modulation of receptor functions and ligand binding. In addition to isolated O-glycans, multiple clustered O-glycans have an important function in mammalian biology by providing structural support and stability of mucins essential for protecting our inner epithelial surfaces, especially in the airways and gastrointestinal tract. Here the many O-glycans also provide binding sites for both endogenous and pathogen-derived carbohydrate-binding proteins regulating critical developmental programs and helping maintain epithelial homeostasis with commensal organisms. Finally, O-glycan changes have been identified in several diseases, most notably in cancer and inflammation, where the disease-specific changes can be used for glycan-targeted therapies. This chapter will review the biosynthesis, the biology, and the translational perspectives of GalNAc O-glycans.
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12
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Daniel EJP, las Rivas M, Lira-Navarrete E, García-García A, Hurtado-Guerrero R, Clausen H, Gerken TA. Ser and Thr acceptor preferences of the GalNAc-Ts vary among isoenzymes to modulate mucin-type O-glycosylation. Glycobiology 2020; 30:910-922. [PMID: 32304323 PMCID: PMC7581654 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A family of polypeptide GalNAc-transferases (GalNAc-Ts) initiates mucin-type O-glycosylation, transferring GalNAc onto hydroxyl groups of Ser and Thr residues of target substrates. The 20 GalNAc-T isoenzymes in humans are classified into nine subfamilies according to sequence similarity. GalNAc-Ts select their sites of glycosylation based on weak and overlapping peptide sequence motifs, as well prior substrate O-GalNAc glycosylation at sites both remote (long-range) and neighboring (short-range) the acceptor. Together, these preferences vary among GalNAc-Ts imparting each isoenzyme with its own unique specificity. Studies on the first identified GalNAc-Ts showed Thr acceptors were preferred over Ser acceptors; however studies comparing Thr vs. Ser glycosylation across the GalNAc-T family are lacking. Using a series of identical random peptide substrates, with single Thr or Ser acceptor sites, we determined the rate differences (Thr/Ser rate ratio) between Thr and Ser substrate glycosylation for 12 isoenzymes (representing 7 GalNAc-T subfamilies). These Thr/Ser rate ratios varied across subfamilies, ranging from ~2 to ~18 (for GalNAc-T4/GalNAc-T12 and GalNAc-T3/GalNAc-T6, respectively), while nearly identical Thr/Ser rate ratios were observed for isoenzymes within subfamilies. Furthermore, the Thr/Ser rate ratios did not appreciably vary over a series of fixed sequence substrates of different relative activities, suggesting the ratio is a constant for each isoenzyme against single acceptor substrates. Finally, based on GalNAc-T structures, the different Thr/Ser rate ratios likely reflect differences in the strengths of the Thr acceptor methyl group binding to the active site pocket. With this work, another activity that further differentiates substrate specificity among the GalNAc-Ts has been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matilde las Rivas
- BIFI and Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzada (LMA), University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
| | - Erandi Lira-Navarrete
- BIFI and Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzada (LMA), University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
| | - Ana García-García
- BIFI and Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzada (LMA), University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
| | - Ramon Hurtado-Guerrero
- BIFI and Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzada (LMA), University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics (CCG), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics (CCG), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Fundación ARAID, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics (CCG), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics (CCG), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Thomas A Gerken
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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13
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MOHL JONATHONE, GERKEN THOMAS, LEUNG MINGYING. Predicting mucin-type O-Glycosylation using enhancement value products from derived protein features. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2020; 19:2040003. [PMID: 33208985 PMCID: PMC7671581 DOI: 10.1142/s0219633620400039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycosylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications of proteins. This glycosylation is initiated in the Golgi by the addition of the sugar N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) onto protein Ser and Thr residues by a family of polypeptide GalNAc transferases. In humans there are 20 isoforms that are differentially expressed across tissues that serve multiple important biological roles. Using random peptide substrates, isoform specific amino acid preferences have been obtained in the form of enhancement values (EV). These EVs alone have previously been used to predict O-glycosylation sites via the web based ISOGlyP (Isoform Specific O-Glycosylation Prediction) tool. Here we explore additional protein features to determine whether these can complement the random peptide derived enhancement values and increase the predictive power of ISOGlyP. The inclusion of additional protein substrate features (such as secondary structure and surface accessibility) was found to increase sensitivity with minimal loss of specificity, when tested with three different published in vivo O-glycoproteomics data sets, thus increasing the overall accuracy of the ISOGlyP predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- JONATHON E. MOHL
- Department of Mathematical Sciences and Border Biomedical Research
Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - THOMAS GERKEN
- Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - MING-YING LEUNG
- Department of Mathematical Sciences and Border Biomedical Research
Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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14
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Bagdonaite I, Pallesen EM, Ye Z, Vakhrushev SY, Marinova IN, Nielsen MI, Kramer SH, Pedersen SF, Joshi HJ, Bennett EP, Dabelsteen S, Wandall HH. O-glycan initiation directs distinct biological pathways and controls epithelial differentiation. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48885. [PMID: 32329196 PMCID: PMC7271655 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) greatly expand the function and potential for regulation of protein activity, and O-glycosylation is among the most abundant and diverse PTMs. Initiation of O-GalNAc glycosylation is regulated by 20 distinct GalNAc-transferases (GalNAc-Ts), and deficiencies in individual GalNAc-Ts are associated with human disease, causing subtle but distinct phenotypes in model organisms. Here, we generate a set of isogenic keratinocyte cell lines lacking either of the three dominant and differentially expressed GalNAc-Ts. Through the ability of keratinocytes to form epithelia, we investigate the phenotypic consequences of the loss of individual GalNAc-Ts. Moreover, we probe the cellular responses through global transcriptomic, differential glycoproteomic, and differential phosphoproteomic analyses. We demonstrate that loss of individual GalNAc-T isoforms causes distinct epithelial phenotypes through their effect on specific biological pathways; GalNAc-T1 targets are associated with components of the endomembrane system, GalNAc-T2 targets with cell-ECM adhesion, and GalNAc-T3 targets with epithelial differentiation. Thus, GalNAc-T isoforms serve specific roles during human epithelial tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Bagdonaite
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil Mh Pallesen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zilu Ye
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Irina N Marinova
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathias I Nielsen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Signe H Kramer
- Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine F Pedersen
- Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hiren J Joshi
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric P Bennett
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sally Dabelsteen
- School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans H Wandall
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Xu J, Liu H, Lan Y, Park JS, Jiang R. Genome-wide Identification of Foxf2 Target Genes in Palate Development. J Dent Res 2020; 99:463-471. [PMID: 32040930 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520904018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleft palate is among the most common structural birth defects in humans. Previous studies have shown that mutations in FOXF2 are associated with cleft palate in humans and mice and that Foxf2 acts in a Shh-Foxf-Fgf18-Shh molecular network controlling palatal shelf growth. In this study, we combined RNA-seq and ChIP-seq approaches to identify direct transcriptional target genes mediating Foxf2 function in palate development in mice. Of 155 genes that exhibited Foxf2-dependent expression in the developing palatal mesenchyme, 88 contained or were located next to Foxf2-binding sites. Through in situ hybridization analyses, we demonstrate that expression of many of these target genes, including multiple genes encoding transcription factors and several encoding extracellular matrix-modifying proteins, were specifically upregulated in the posterior region of palatal shelves in Foxf2-/- mouse embryos. Foxf2 occupancy at many of these putative target loci, including Fgf18, in the developing palatal tissues was verified by ChIP-polymerase chain reaction analyses. One of the Foxf2 target genes, Chst2, encodes a carbohydrate sulfotransferase integral to glycosaminoglycan sulfation. Correlating with ectopic Chst2 expression, Foxf2-/- embryos a exhibited region-specific increase in sulfated keratan sulfate and a concomitant reduction in chondroitin sulfate accumulation in the posterior palatal mesenchyme. However, expression of the core protein of versican, a major chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan important in palatal shelf morphogenesis, was increased, whereas expression of collagen I was reduced in the corresponding region of the palatal mesenchyme. These results indicate that, in addition to regulating palatal shelf growth through the Fgf18-Shh signaling network, Foxf2 controls palatal shelf morphogenesis through regulating expression of multiple transcription factors as well as through directly controlling the synthesis and processing of extracellular matrix components in the palatal mesenchyme. Our ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data sets provide an excellent resource for comprehensive understanding of the molecular network controlling palate development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Xu
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - H Liu
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Y Lan
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J S Park
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Pediatric Urology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - R Jiang
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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16
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Peluso G, Tian E, Abusleme L, Munemasa T, Mukaibo T, Ten Hagen KG. Loss of the disease-associated glycosyltransferase Galnt3 alters Muc10 glycosylation and the composition of the oral microbiome. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:1411-1425. [PMID: 31882545 PMCID: PMC6996895 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the microbiome in health and its disruption in disease is continuing to be elucidated. However, the multitude of host and environmental factors that influence the microbiome are still largely unknown. Here, we examined UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 (Galnt3)-deficient mice, which serve as a model for the disease hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis (HFTC). In HFTC, loss of GALNT3 activity in the bone is thought to lead to altered glycosylation of the phosphate-regulating hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), resulting in hyperphosphatemia and subdermal calcified tumors. However, GALNT3 is expressed in other tissues in addition to bone, suggesting that systemic loss could result in other pathologies. Using semiquantitative real-time PCR, we found that Galnt3 is the major O-glycosyltransferase expressed in the secretory cells of salivary glands. Additionally, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the loss of Galnt3 resulted in changes in the structure, composition, and stability of the oral microbiome. Moreover, we identified the major secreted salivary mucin, Muc10, as an in vivo substrate of Galnt3. Given that mucins and their O-glycans are known to interact with various microbes, our results suggest that loss of Galnt3 decreases glycosylation of Muc10, which alters the composition and stability of the oral microbiome. Considering that oral findings have been documented in HFTC patients, our study suggests that investigating GALNT3-mediated changes in the oral microbiome may be warranted.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcinosis/genetics
- Calcinosis/metabolism
- Calcinosis/microbiology
- Female
- Fibroblast Growth Factor-23
- Glycosylation
- Glycosyltransferases/metabolism
- Hyperostosis, Cortical, Congenital/genetics
- Hyperostosis, Cortical, Congenital/metabolism
- Hyperostosis, Cortical, Congenital/microbiology
- Hyperphosphatemia/genetics
- Hyperphosphatemia/metabolism
- Hyperphosphatemia/microbiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microbiota/genetics
- Mucins/chemistry
- Mucins/metabolism
- N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases/genetics
- N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases/metabolism
- Polysaccharides/metabolism
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Salivary Glands/metabolism
- Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Peluso
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - E Tian
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Loreto Abusleme
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Translational Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile
| | - Takashi Munemasa
- Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunctions Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Taro Mukaibo
- Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunctions Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Kelly G Ten Hagen
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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17
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Peluso G, Tian E, Abusleme L, Munemasa T, Mukaibo T, Ten Hagen KG. Loss of the disease-associated glycosyltransferase Galnt3 alters Muc10 glycosylation and the composition of the oral microbiome. J Biol Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)49899-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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18
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Genetics of Congenital Heart Disease. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120879. [PMID: 31888141 PMCID: PMC6995556 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common birth defects. Studies in animal models and humans have indicated a genetic etiology for CHD. About 400 genes have been implicated in CHD, encompassing transcription factors, cell signaling molecules, and structural proteins that are important for heart development. Recent studies have shown genes encoding chromatin modifiers, cilia related proteins, and cilia-transduced cell signaling pathways play important roles in CHD pathogenesis. Elucidating the genetic etiology of CHD will help improve diagnosis and the development of new therapies to improve patient outcomes.
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19
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Wu H, He G, Song T, Zhang Y, Chen X, Chen H, Xiong W, Sun C, Zhao C, Chen Y. Evaluation of GALNT16 polymorphisms to breast cancer risk in Chinese population. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e848. [PMID: 31286696 PMCID: PMC6687646 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 16 (GALNT16) is an N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase gene that alters protein O-glycosylation, which plays a role in tumor development. This study aims to explore the association of eight GALNT16 polymorphisms with susceptibility to breast cancer (BC). METHODS This case-control study included 563 BC patients and 552 age-matched healthy controls from the Chinese Han population. The genotypes of GALNT16 polymorphisms were detected using the Agena MassARRAY. The relationship between GALNT16 polymorphisms and BC risk was evaluated using a chi-squared test with an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) under five genetic models. RESULTS We observed that rs2105269 and rs72625676 were associated with higher BC risk in younger patients with age ≤51 (rs2105269, codominant: p = .006; recessive: p = .005 additive: p = .018; and allele: p = .012; rs72625676, codominant: p = .038; recessive: p = .037). For rs1275678 polymorphism, there was a significantly decreased risk of BC among elder patients (codominant: p = .017; dominant: p = .019; additive: p = .030; and allele: p = .029). Further analysis by clinical characteristics showed rs2105269 was associated with tumor size and lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that GALNT16 polymorphisms are associated with BC susceptibility in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangfu Wu
- Surgical OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical CollegeHaikouHainan ProvinceChina
| | - Guisheng He
- Surgical OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical CollegeHaikouHainan ProvinceChina
| | - Tao Song
- Surgical OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical CollegeHaikouHainan ProvinceChina
| | - Yazhen Zhang
- Surgical OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical CollegeHaikouHainan ProvinceChina
| | - Xiuxiu Chen
- Surgical OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical CollegeHaikouHainan ProvinceChina
| | - Huamin Chen
- Surgical OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical CollegeHaikouHainan ProvinceChina
| | - Wei Xiong
- Surgical OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical CollegeHaikouHainan ProvinceChina
| | - Chuanwei Sun
- Surgical OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical CollegeHaikouHainan ProvinceChina
| | - Chaoyang Zhao
- Surgical OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical CollegeHaikouHainan ProvinceChina
| | - Yunjing Chen
- Surgical OncologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical CollegeHaikouHainan ProvinceChina
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20
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Hemmeryckx B, Carai P, Roger Lijnen H. ADAMTS5 deficiency in mice does not affect cardiac function. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:593-604. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Hemmeryckx
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesCenter for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Paolo Carai
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesCenter for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - H. Roger Lijnen
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesCenter for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven3000 Leuven Belgium
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21
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Becker JL, Tran DT, Tabak LA. Members of the GalNAc-T family of enzymes utilize distinct Golgi localization mechanisms. Glycobiology 2019; 28:841-848. [PMID: 30084948 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycosylation is an evolutionarily conserved and essential post-translational protein modification that is initiated in the Golgi apparatus by a family of enzymes known as the UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts). GalNAc-Ts are type II membrane proteins which contain short N-terminal tails located in the cytoplasm, a transmembrane domain that crosses the Golgi membrane, to which is connected a stem region that tethers the C-terminal catalytic and lectin domains that reside in the Golgi lumen. Although mucin-type O-glycans have been shown to play critical roles in numerous biological processes, little is known about how the GalNAc-Ts are targeted to their site of action within the Golgi complex. Here, we investigate the essential protein domains required for Golgi localization of four representative members of the GalNAc-T family of enzymes. We find that GalNAc-T1 and -T2 require their cytoplasmic tail and transmembrane domains for proper Golgi localization, while GalNAc-T10 requires its transmembrane and luminal stem domains. GalNAc-T7 can use either its cytoplasmic tail or its luminal stem, in combination with its transmembrane domain, to localize to the Golgi. We determined that a single glutamic acid in the GalNAc-T10 cytoplasmic tail inhibits its ability to localize to the Golgi via a cytoplasmic tail-dependent mechanism. We therefore demonstrate that despite their similarity, different members of this enzyme family are directed to the Golgi by more than one set of targeting signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Becker
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Duy T Tran
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence A Tabak
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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22
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Simon EJ, Linstedt AD. Site-specific glycosylation of Ebola virus glycoprotein by human polypeptide GalNAc-transferase 1 induces cell adhesion defects. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:19866-19873. [PMID: 30389789 PMCID: PMC6314128 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The surface glycoprotein (GP) of Ebola virus causes many of the virus's pathogenic effects, including a dramatic loss of endothelial cell adhesion associated with widespread hemorrhaging during infection. Although the GP-mediated deadhesion depends on its extracellular mucin-like domain, it is unknown whether any, or all, of this domain's densely clustered O-glycosylation sites are required. It is also unknown whether any of the 20 distinct polypeptide GalNAc-transferases (ppGalNAc-Ts) that initiate mucin-type O-glycosylation in human cells are functionally required. Here, using HEK293 cell lines lacking specific glycosylation enzymes, we demonstrate that GP requires extended O-glycans to exert its deadhesion effect. We also identified ppGalNAc-T1 as largely required for the GP-mediated adhesion defects. Despite its profound effect on GP function, the absence of ppGalNAc-T1 only modestly reduced the O-glycan mass of GP, indicating that even small changes in the bulky glycodomain can cause loss of GP function. Indeed, protein-mapping studies identified a small segment of the mucin-like domain critical for function and revealed that mutation of five glycan acceptor sites within this segment are sufficient to abrogate GP function. Together, these results argue against a mechanism of Ebola GP-induced cell detachment that depends solely on ectodomain bulkiness and identify a single host-derived glycosylation enzyme, ppGalNAc-T1, as a potential target for therapeutic intervention against Ebola virus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Simon
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Adam D Linstedt
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
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23
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Hintze J, Ye Z, Narimatsu Y, Madsen TD, Joshi HJ, Goth CK, Linstedt A, Bachert C, Mandel U, Bennett EP, Vakhrushev SY, Schjoldager KT. Probing the contribution of individual polypeptide GalNAc-transferase isoforms to the O-glycoproteome by inducible expression in isogenic cell lines. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:19064-19077. [PMID: 30327431 PMCID: PMC6295722 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The GalNAc-type O-glycoproteome is orchestrated by a large family of polypeptide GalNAc-transferase isoenzymes (GalNAc-Ts) with partially overlapping contributions to the O-glycoproteome besides distinct nonredundant functions. Increasing evidence indicates that individual GalNAc-Ts co-regulate and fine-tune specific protein functions in health and disease, and deficiencies in individual GALNT genes underlie congenital diseases with distinct phenotypes. Studies of GalNAc-T specificities have mainly been performed with in vitro enzyme assays using short peptide substrates, but recently quantitative differential O-glycoproteomics of isogenic cells with and without GALNT genes has enabled a more unbiased exploration of the nonredundant contributions of individual GalNAc-Ts. Both approaches suggest that fairly small subsets of O-glycosites are nonredundantly regulated by specific GalNAc-Ts, but how these isoenzymes orchestrate regulation among competing redundant substrates is unclear. To explore this, here we developed isogenic cell model systems with Tet-On inducible expression of two GalNAc-T genes, GALNT2 and GALNT11, in a knockout background in HEK293 cells. Using quantitative O-glycoproteomics with tandem-mass-tag (TMT) labeling, we found that isoform-specific glycosites are glycosylated in a dose-dependent manner and that induction of GalNAc-T2 or -T11 produces discrete glycosylation effects without affecting the major part of the O-glycoproteome. These results support previous findings indicating that individual GalNAc-T isoenzymes can serve in fine-tuned regulation of distinct protein functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hintze
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark and
| | - Zilu Ye
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark and
| | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark and
| | - Thomas Daugbjerg Madsen
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark and
| | - Hiren J Joshi
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark and
| | - Christoffer K Goth
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark and
| | - Adam Linstedt
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Collin Bachert
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Ulla Mandel
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark and
| | - Eric P Bennett
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark and
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark and
| | - Katrine T Schjoldager
- From the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark and
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24
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Sahasrabudhe NM, Lenos K, van der Horst JC, Rodríguez E, van Vliet SJ. Oncogenic BRAFV600E drives expression of MGL ligands in the colorectal cancer cell line HT29 through N-acetylgalactosamine-transferase 3. Biol Chem 2018; 399:649-659. [PMID: 29894293 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer type worldwide. It is characterized by a high expression of aberrantly glycosylated ligands, such as the Tn antigen (GalNAcα1-Ser/Thr), which is a major ligand for the C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL). We have previously determined that a high level of MGL ligands in colorectal tumors is associated with lower disease-free survival in patients with late stage disease, which we could attribute to the presence of oncogenic BRAFV600E mutations. Here we aimed to elucidate the downstream pathway of BRAFV600E governing high MGL ligand and Tn antigen expression. We focused on glycosylation-related enzymes involved in the synthesis or elongation of Tn antigen, N-acetylgalactosamine-transferases (GALNTs) and C1GalT1/COSMC, respectively. Both the activity and expression of C1GalT1 and COSMC were unrelated to the BRAF mutational status. In contrast, GALNT3, GALNT7 and GALNT12 were increased in colorectal cancer cells harboring the BRAFV600E mutation. Through CRISPR-Cas9 gene knockouts we could establish that GALNT3 increased MGL ligand synthesis in the HT29 cell line, while GALNT7 and GALNT12 appeared to have redundant roles. Together our results highlight a novel mechanistic pathway connecting BRAFV600E to aberrant glycosylation in colorectal cancer through GALNT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha M Sahasrabudhe
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kristiaan Lenos
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost C van der Horst
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ernesto Rodríguez
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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Hussain MRM, Hoessli DC, Fang M. N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases in cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:54067-54081. [PMID: 27322213 PMCID: PMC5288242 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant mucin-type O-glycosylation by glycosyltransferases is a well-described hallmark of many cancers and is also associated with additional non-cancerous developmental and metabolic disorders. The current review focuses on N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase genes (GALNTs) and proteins (GalNAcTs) to illustrate their importance in cancer biology. Aberrant O-glycosylation by GalNAcTs activates a wide range of proteins that carry out interactions of sessile and motile cells affecting organogenesis, responses to agonists and stimulating hyperproliferation and metastatisation of neoplastic cells. As genome-wide analyses have provided abundant clues regarding under- or over-expressed genes that characterize different types of cancers, GALNTs and their transferase products have attracted attention by being unexpected actors in neoplastic contexts. We intend to review the current knowledge on GALNTs and their encoded transferases in cancer and suggest what could be the significance of such information in cancer pathogenesis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ramzan Manwar Hussain
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daniel C Hoessli
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Min Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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26
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Famiglietti AL, Wei Z, Beres TM, Milac AL, Tran DT, Patel D, Angerer RC, Angerer LM, Tabak LA. Characterization and expression analysis of Galnts in developing Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryos. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176479. [PMID: 28448610 PMCID: PMC5407767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycosylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in which N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is added to the hydroxyl group of select serine or threonine residues of a protein by the family of UDP-GalNAc:Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts; EC 2.4.1.41). Previous studies demonstrate that O-glycosylation plays essential roles in protein function, cell-cell interactions, cell polarity and differentiation in developing mouse and Drosophila embryos. Although this type of protein modification is highly conserved among higher eukaryotes, little is known about this family of enzymes in echinoderms, basal deuterostome relatives of the chordates. To investigate the potential role of GalNAc-Ts in echinoderms, we have begun the characterization of this enzyme family in the purple sea urchin, S. purpuratus. We have fully or partially cloned a total of 13 genes (SpGalnts) encoding putative sea urchin SpGalNAc-Ts, and have confirmed enzymatic activity of five recombinant proteins. Amino acid alignments revealed high sequence similarity among sea urchin and mammalian glycosyltransferases, suggesting the presence of putative orthologues. Structural models underscored these similarities and helped reconcile some of the substrate preferences observed. Temporal and spatial expression of SpGalnt transcripts, was studied by whole-mount in situ hybridization. We found that many of these genes are transcribed early in developing embryos, often with restricted expression to the endomesodermal region. Multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated that transcripts encoding SpGalnt7-2 co-localized with both Endo16 (a gene expressed in the endoderm), and Gcm (a gene expressed in secondary mesenchyme cells) at the early blastula stage, 20 hours post fertilization (hpf). At late blastula stage (28 hpf), SpGalnt7-2 message co-expresses with Gcm, suggesting that it may play a role in secondary mesenchyme development. We also discovered that morpholino-mediated knockdown of SpGalnt13 transcripts, results in a deficiency of embryonic skeleton and neurons, suggesting that mucin-type O-glycans play essential roles during embryonic development in S. purpuratus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L. Famiglietti
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Zheng Wei
- Developmental Mechanisms Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Thomas M. Beres
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Adina L. Milac
- Department of Bioinformatics and Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 296, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Duy T. Tran
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Divya Patel
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Angerer
- Developmental Mechanisms Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Lynne M. Angerer
- Developmental Mechanisms Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Lawrence A. Tabak
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Nagai-Okatani C, Minamino N. Aberrant Glycosylation in the Left Ventricle and Plasma of Rats with Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150210. [PMID: 27281159 PMCID: PMC4900630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted proteomics focusing on post-translational modifications, including glycosylation, is a useful strategy for discovering novel biomarkers. To apply this strategy effectively to cardiac hypertrophy and resultant heart failure, we aimed to characterize glycosylation profiles in the left ventricle and plasma of rats with cardiac hypertrophy. Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rats, a model of hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy, were fed a high-salt (8% NaCl) diet starting at 6 weeks. As a result, they exhibited cardiac hypertrophy at 12 weeks and partially impaired cardiac function at 16 weeks compared with control rats fed a low-salt (0.3% NaCl) diet. Gene expression analysis revealed significant changes in the expression of genes encoding glycosyltransferases and glycosidases. Glycoproteome profiling using lectin microarrays indicated upregulation of mucin-type O-glycosylation, especially disialyl-T, and downregulation of core fucosylation on N-glycans, detected by specific interactions with Amaranthus caudatus and Aspergillus oryzae lectins, respectively. Upregulation of plasma α-l-fucosidase activity was identified as a biomarker candidate for cardiac hypertrophy, which is expected to support the existing marker, atrial natriuretic peptide and its related peptides. Proteomic analysis identified cysteine and glycine-rich protein 3, a master regulator of cardiac muscle function, as an O-glycosylated protein with altered glycosylation in the rats with cardiac hypertrophy, suggesting that alternations in O-glycosylation affect its oligomerization and function. In conclusion, our data provide evidence of significant changes in glycosylation pattern, specifically mucin-type O-glycosylation and core defucosylation, in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, suggesting that they are potential biomarkers for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Nagai-Okatani
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoto Minamino
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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28
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Verweij N, Mateo Leach I, Isaacs A, Arking DE, Bis JC, Pers TH, Van Den Berg ME, Lyytikäinen LP, Barnett P, Wang X, Soliman EZ, Van Duijn CM, Kähönen M, Van Veldhuisen DJ, Kors JA, Raitakari OT, Silva CT, Lehtimäki T, Hillege HL, Hirschhorn JN, Boyer LA, Van Gilst WH, Alonso A, Sotoodehnia N, Eijgelsheim M, De Boer RA, De Bakker PIW, Franke L, Van Der Harst P. Twenty-eight genetic loci associated with ST-T-wave amplitudes of the electrocardiogram. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:2093-2103. [PMID: 26962151 PMCID: PMC5062578 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ST-segment and adjacent T-wave (ST-T wave) amplitudes of the electrocardiogram are quantitative characteristics of cardiac repolarization. Repolarization abnormalities have been linked to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. We performed the first genome-wide association meta-analysis of ST-T-wave amplitudes in up to 37 977 individuals identifying 71 robust genotype–phenotype associations clustered within 28 independent loci. Fifty-four genes were prioritized as candidates underlying the phenotypes, including genes with established roles in the cardiac repolarization phase (SCN5A/SCN10A, KCND3, KCNB1, NOS1AP and HEY2) and others with as yet undefined cardiac function. These associations may provide insights in the spatiotemporal contribution of genetic variation influencing cardiac repolarization and provide novel leads for future functional follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 301 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Mateo Leach
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Rotterdam, The Netherlands CARIM School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tune H Pers
- Division of Endocrinology, Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 301 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Marten E Van Den Berg
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Phil Barnett
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xinchen Wang
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Elsayed Z Soliman
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Cornelia M Van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33521, Finland
| | - Dirk J Van Veldhuisen
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A Kors
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Claudia T Silva
- Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Hans L Hillege
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands Trial Coordination Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joel N Hirschhorn
- Division of Endocrinology, Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 301 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Laurie A Boyer
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Wiek H Van Gilst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alvaro Alonso
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mark Eijgelsheim
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A De Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul I W De Bakker
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 301 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pim Van Der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, 3511 GC Utrecht, The Netherlands
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29
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Chia J, Goh G, Bard F. Short O-GalNAc glycans: regulation and role in tumor development and clinical perspectives. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1623-39. [PMID: 26968459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the underlying causes of cancer are genetic modifications, changes in cellular states mediate cancer development. Tumor cells display markedly changed glycosylation states, of which the O-GalNAc glycans called the Tn and TF antigens are particularly common. How these antigens get over-expressed is not clear. The expression levels of glycosylation enzymes fail to explain it. SCOPE OF REVIEW We describe the regulation of O-GalNAc glycosylation initiation and extension with emphasis on the initiating enzymes ppGalNAcTs (GALNTs), and introduce the GALA pathway--a change in GALNTs compartmentation within the secretory pathway that regulates Tn levels. We discuss the roles of O-GalNAc glycans and GALNTs in tumorigenic processes and finally consider diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Contrary to a common hypothesis, short O-glycans in tumors are not the result of an incomplete glycosylation process but rather reveal the activation of regulatory pathways. Surprisingly, high Tn levels reveal a major shift in the O-glycoproteome rather than a shortening of O-glycans. These changes are driven by membrane trafficking events. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Many attempts to use O-glycans for biomarker, antibody and therapeutic vaccine development have been made, but suffer limitations including poor sensitivity and/or specificity that may in part derive from lack of a mechanistic understanding. Deciphering how short O-GalNAc glycans are regulated would open new perspectives to exploit this biology for therapeutic usage. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Chia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, 138673, Singapore
| | - Germaine Goh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, 138673, Singapore
| | - Frederic Bard
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, 138673, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge, Road, 119077, Singapore.
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30
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Schjoldager KT, Joshi HJ, Kong Y, Goth CK, King SL, Wandall HH, Bennett EP, Vakhrushev SY, Clausen H. Deconstruction of O-glycosylation--GalNAc-T isoforms direct distinct subsets of the O-glycoproteome. EMBO Rep 2015; 16:1713-22. [PMID: 26566661 PMCID: PMC4693523 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201540796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
GalNAc-type O-glycosylation is found on most proteins trafficking through the secretory pathway in metazoan cells. The O-glycoproteome is regulated by up to 20 polypeptide GalNAc-Ts and the contributions and biological functions of individual GalNAc-Ts are poorly understood. Here, we used a zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN)-directed knockout strategy to probe the contributions of the major GalNAc-Ts (GalNAc-T1 and GalNAc-T2) in liver cells and explore how the GalNAc-T repertoire quantitatively affects the O-glycoproteome. We demonstrate that the majority of the O-glycoproteome is covered by redundancy, whereas distinct subsets of substrates are modified by non-redundant functions of GalNAc-T1 and GalNAc-T2. The non-redundant O-glycoproteome subsets and specific transcriptional responses for each isoform are related to different cellular processes; for the GalNAc-T2 isoform, these support a role in lipid metabolism. The results demonstrate that GalNAc-Ts have different non-redundant glycosylation functions, which may affect distinct cellular processes. The data serves as a comprehensive resource for unique GalNAc-T substrates. Our study provides a new view of the differential regulation of the O-glycoproteome, suggesting that the plurality of GalNAc-Ts arose to regulate distinct protein functions and cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine T Schjoldager
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Hiren J Joshi
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Yun Kong
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Christoffer K Goth
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Sarah Louise King
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Hans H Wandall
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Eric P Bennett
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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31
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Revoredo L, Wang S, Bennett EP, Clausen H, Moremen KW, Jarvis DL, Ten Hagen KG, Tabak LA, Gerken TA. Mucin-type O-glycosylation is controlled by short- and long-range glycopeptide substrate recognition that varies among members of the polypeptide GalNAc transferase family. Glycobiology 2015; 26:360-76. [PMID: 26610890 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A large family of UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide GalNAc transferases (ppGalNAc-Ts) initiates and defines sites of mucin-type Ser/Thr-O-GalNAc glycosylation. Family members have been classified into peptide- and glycopeptide-preferring subfamilies, although both families possess variable activities against glycopeptide substrates. All but one isoform contains a C-terminal carbohydrate-binding lectin domain whose roles in modulating glycopeptide specificity is just being understood. We have previously shown for several peptide-preferring isoforms that the presence of a remote Thr-O-GalNAc, 6-17 residues from a Ser/Thr acceptor site, may enhance overall catalytic activity in an N- or C-terminal direction. This enhancement varies with isoform and is attributed to Thr-O-GalNAc interactions at the lectin domain. We now report on the glycopeptide substrate utilization of a series of glycopeptide (human-ppGalNAc-T4, T7, T10, T12 and fly PGANT7) and peptide-preferring transferases (T2, T3 and T5) by exploiting a series of random glycopeptide substrates designed to probe the functions of their catalytic and lectin domains. Glycosylation was observed at the -3, -1 and +1 residues relative to a neighboring Thr-O-GalNAc, depending on isoform, which we attribute to specific Thr-O-GalNAc binding at the catalytic domain. Additionally, these glycopeptide-preferring isoforms show remote lectin domain-assisted Thr-O-GalNAc enhancements that vary from modest to none. We conclude that the glycopeptide specificity of the glycopeptide-preferring isoforms predominantly resides in their catalytic domain but may be further modulated by remote lectin domain interactions. These studies further demonstrate that both domains of the ppGalNAc-Ts have specialized and unique functions that work in concert to control and order mucin-type O-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics (CCG), Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Eric Paul Bennett
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics (CCG), Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics (CCG), Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Donald L Jarvis
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | | | - Lawrence A Tabak
- Section on Biological Chemistry, Department of Health and Human Services, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas A Gerken
- Department of Chemistry Department of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Morton PD, Ishibashi N, Jonas RA, Gallo V. Congenital cardiac anomalies and white matter injury. Trends Neurosci 2015; 38:353-63. [PMID: 25939892 PMCID: PMC4461528 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac abnormalities are the most common birth defects. Derangement of circulatory flow affects many vital organs; without proper supply of oxygenated blood, the brain is particularly vulnerable. Although surgical interventions have greatly reduced mortality rates, patients often suffer an array of neurological deficits throughout life. Neuroimaging provides a macroscopic assessment of brain injury and has shown that white matter (WM) is at risk. Oligodendrocytes and myelinated axons have been identified as major targets of WM injury, but still little is known about how congenital heart anomalies affect the brain at the cellular level. Further integration of animal model studies and clinical research will define novel therapeutic targets and new standards of care to prevent developmental delay associated with cardiac abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Morton
- Center for Neuroscience Research and Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Ishibashi
- Center for Neuroscience Research and Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Richard A Jonas
- Center for Neuroscience Research and Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Vittorio Gallo
- Center for Neuroscience Research and Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
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