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Xing J, Xu H, Zhu M, Zhang Y, Bai M, Zhou X, Liu H, Wang Y. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Metabolite Analysis Combined with Transcriptomics Reveals Genes Involved in Wax Biosynthesis in Allium fistulosum L. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6106. [PMID: 38892292 PMCID: PMC11173144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cuticular waxes are essential for protecting plants from various environmental stresses. Allium fistulosum serves as an excellent model for investigating the regulatory mechanisms underlying cuticular wax synthesis with notable epidermal wax characteristics. A combination of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolite analysis and transcriptomics was used to investigate variations in metabolites and gene expression patterns between the wild type (WT) and glossy mutant type (gl2) of A. fistulosum. The WT surface had a large number of acicular and lamellar waxy crystals, whereas the leaf surface of gl2 was essentially devoid of waxy crystals. And the results revealed a significant decrease in the content of 16-hentriacontanone, the principal component of cuticular wax, in the gl2 mutant. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 3084 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between WT and gl2. Moreover, we identified 12 genes related to fatty acid or wax synthesis. Among these, 10 DEGs were associated with positive regulation of wax synthesis, whereas 2 genes exhibited negative regulatory functions. Furthermore, two of these genes were identified as key regulators through weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Notably, the promoter region of AfisC5G01838 (AfCER1-LIKE1) exhibited a 258-bp insertion upstream of the coding region in gl2 and decreased the transcription of the AfCER1-LIKE1 gene. This study provided insights into the molecular mechanisms governing cuticular wax synthesis in A. fistulosum, laying the foundation for future breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Xing
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China; (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.B.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Huanhuan Xu
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China; (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.B.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China; (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.B.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China; (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.B.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Mifeng Bai
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China; (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.B.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xuyang Zhou
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China; (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.B.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Yongqin Wang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing 100097, China; (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.B.); (X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
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Fakhrzad F, Jowkar A. Gene expression analysis of drought tolerance and cuticular wax biosynthesis in diploid and tetraploid induced wallflowers. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:330. [PMID: 38664602 PMCID: PMC11044323 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Whole-genome doubling leads to cell reprogramming, upregulation of stress genes, and establishment of new pathways of drought stress responses in plants. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance and cuticular wax characteristics in diploid and tetraploid-induced Erysimum cheiri. According to real-time PCR analysis, tetraploid induced wallflowers exhibited increased expression of several genes encoding transcription factors (TFs), including AREB1 and AREB3; the stress response genes RD29A and ERD1 under drought stress conditions. Furthermore, two cuticular wax biosynthetic pathway genes, CER1 and SHN1, were upregulated in tetraploid plants under drought conditions. Leaf morphological studies revealed that tetraploid leaves were covered with unique cuticular wax crystalloids, which produced a white fluffy appearance, while the diploid leaves were green and smooth. The greater content of epicuticular wax in tetraploid leaves than in diploid leaves can explain the decrease in cuticle permeability as well as the decrease in water loss and improvement in drought tolerance in wallflowers. GC‒MS analysis revealed that the wax components included alkanes, alcohols, aldehydes, and fatty acids. The most abundant wax compound in this plant was alkanes (50%), the most predominant of which was C29. The relative abundance of these compounds increased significantly in tetraploid plants under drought stress conditions. These findings revealed that tetraploid-induced wallflowers presented upregulation of multiple drought-related and wax biosynthesis genes; therefore, polyploidization has proved useful for improving plant drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazilat Fakhrzad
- Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, P.O. Box: 71441-13131, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Jowkar
- Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, P.O. Box: 71441-13131, Shiraz, Iran.
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Geng A, Lian W, Wang Y, Liu M, Zhang Y, Wang X, Chen G. Molecular Mechanisms and Regulatory Pathways Underlying Drought Stress Response in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1185. [PMID: 38256261 PMCID: PMC10817035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice is a staple food for 350 million people globally. Its yield thus affects global food security. Drought is a serious environmental factor affecting rice growth. Alleviating the inhibition of drought stress is thus an urgent challenge that should be solved to enhance rice growth and yield. This review details the effects of drought on rice morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and the genes associated with drought stress response, their biological functions, and molecular regulatory pathways. The review further highlights the main future research directions to collectively provide theoretical support and reference for improving drought stress adaptation mechanisms and breeding new drought-resistant rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjing Geng
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wenli Lian
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Minghao Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Jolliffe JB, Pilati S, Moser C, Lashbrooke JG. Beyond skin-deep: targeting the plant surface for crop improvement. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6468-6486. [PMID: 37589495 PMCID: PMC10662250 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The above-ground plant surface is a well-adapted tissue layer that acts as an interface between the plant and its surrounding environment. As such, its primary role is to protect against desiccation and maintain the gaseous exchange required for photosynthesis. Further, this surface layer provides a barrier against pathogens and herbivory, while attracting pollinators and agents of seed dispersal. In the context of agriculture, the plant surface is strongly linked to post-harvest crop quality and yield. The epidermal layer contains several unique cell types adapted for these functions, while the non-lignified above-ground plant organs are covered by a hydrophobic cuticular membrane. This review aims to provide an overview of the latest understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying crop cuticle and epidermal cell formation, with focus placed on genetic elements contributing towards quality, yield, drought tolerance, herbivory defence, pathogen resistance, pollinator attraction, and sterility, while highlighting the inter-relatedness of plant surface development and traits. Potential crop improvement strategies utilizing this knowledge are outlined in the context of the recent development of new breeding techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Bryanne Jolliffe
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all’Adige, 38098, Italy
| | - Stefania Pilati
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all’Adige, 38098, Italy
| | - Claudio Moser
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all’Adige, 38098, Italy
| | - Justin Graham Lashbrooke
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
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Yow AG, Laosuntisuk K, Young RA, Doherty CJ, Gillitt N, Perkins-Veazie P, Jenny Xiang QY, Iorizzo M. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals candidate genes for cold stress response and early flowering in pineapple. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18890. [PMID: 37919298 PMCID: PMC10622448 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pineapple originates from tropical regions in South America and is therefore significantly impacted by cold stress. Periodic cold events in the equatorial regions where pineapple is grown may induce early flowering, also known as precocious flowering, resulting in monetary losses due to small fruit size and the need to make multiple passes for harvesting a single field. Currently, pineapple is one of the most important tropical fruits in the world in terms of consumption, and production losses caused by weather can have major impacts on worldwide exportation potential and economics. To further our understanding of and identify mechanisms for low-temperature tolerance in pineapple, and to identify the relationship between low-temperature stress and flowering time, we report here a transcriptomic analysis of two pineapple genotypes in response to low-temperature stress. Using meristem tissue collected from precocious flowering-susceptible MD2 and precocious flowering-tolerant Dole-17, we performed pairwise comparisons and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify cold stress, genotype, and floral organ development-specific modules. Dole-17 had a greater increase in expression of genes that confer cold tolerance. The results suggested that low temperature stress in Dole-17 plants induces transcriptional changes to adapt and maintain homeostasis. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed differences in cuticular wax biosynthesis, carbohydrate accumulation, and vernalization-related gene expression between genotypes. Cold stress induced changes in ethylene and abscisic acid-mediated pathways differentially between genotypes, suggesting that MD2 may be more susceptible to hormone-mediated early flowering. The differentially expressed genes and module hub genes identified in this study are potential candidates for engineering cold tolerance in pineapple to develop new varieties capable of maintaining normal reproduction cycles under cold stress. In addition, a total of 461 core genes involved in the development of reproductive tissues in pineapple were also identified in this study. This research provides an important genomic resource for understanding molecular networks underlying cold stress response and how cold stress affects flowering time in pineapple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley G Yow
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, 28081, USA
| | - Kanjana Laosuntisuk
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Roberto A Young
- Research Department of Dole, Standard Fruit de Honduras, Zona Mazapan, 31101, La Ceiba, Honduras
| | - Colleen J Doherty
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | | | - Penelope Perkins-Veazie
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, 28081, USA
| | - Qiu-Yun Jenny Xiang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Massimo Iorizzo
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, 28081, USA.
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Ma P, Liu E, Zhang Z, Li T, Zhou Z, Yao W, Chen J, Wu J, Xu Y, Zhang H. Genetic variation in ZmWAX2 confers maize resistance to Fusarium verticillioides. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:1812-1826. [PMID: 37293701 PMCID: PMC10440989 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium verticillioides (F. verticillioides) is a widely distributed phytopathogen that incites multiple destructive diseases in maize, posing a grave threat to corn yields and quality worldwide. However, there are few reports of resistance genes to F. verticillioides. Here, we reveal that a combination of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) corresponding to ZmWAX2 gene associates with quantitative resistance variations to F. verticillioides in maize through a genome-wide association study. A lack of ZmWAX2 compromises maize resistance to F. verticillioides-caused seed rot, seedling blight and stalk rot by reducing cuticular wax deposition, while the transgenic plants overexpressing ZmWAX2 show significantly increased immunity to F. verticillioides. A natural occurrence of two 7-bp deletions within the promoter increases ZmWAX2 transcription, thus enhancing maize resistance to F. verticillioides. Upon Fusarium stalk rot, ZmWAX2 greatly promotes the yield and grain quality of maize. Our studies demonstrate that ZmWAX2 confers multiple disease resistances caused by F. verticillioides and can serve as an important gene target for the development of F. verticillioides-resistant maize varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Ma
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop ScienceHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Enpeng Liu
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhirui Zhang
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Tao Li
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zijian Zhou
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Wen Yao
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jiafa Chen
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jianyu Wu
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop ScienceHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yufang Xu
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Huiyong Zhang
- College of Life SciencesHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop ScienceHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
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Guan L, Xia D, Hu N, Zhang H, Wu H, Jiang Q, Li X, Sun Y, Wang Y, Wang Z. OsFAR1 is involved in primary fatty alcohol biosynthesis and promotes drought tolerance in rice. PLANTA 2023; 258:24. [PMID: 37344696 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION OsFAR1 encodes a fatty acyl-CoA reductase involved in biosynthesis of primary alcohols and plays an important role in drought stress response in rice. Cuticular waxes cover the outermost surface of terrestrial plants and contribute to inhibiting nonstomatal water loss and improving plant drought resistance. Primary alcohols are the most abundant components in the leaf cuticular waxes of rice (Oryza sativa), but the biosynthesis and regulation of primary alcohol remain largely unknown in rice. Here, we identified and characterized an OsFAR1 gene belonging to the fatty acyl-CoA reductases (FARs) via a homology-based approach in rice. OsFAR1 was activated by abiotic stresses and abscisic acid, resulting in increased production of primary alcohol in rice. Heterologous expression of OsFAR1 enhanced the amounts of C22:0 and C24:0 primary alcohols in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and C24:0 to C32:0 primary alcohols in Arabidopsis. Similarly, OsFAR1 overexpression significantly increased the content of C24:0 to C30:0 primary alcohols on rice leaves. Finally, OsFAR1 overexpression lines exhibited reduced cuticle permeability and enhanced drought tolerance in rice and Arabidopsis. Taken together, our results demonstrate that OsFAR1 is involved in rice primary alcohol biosynthesis and plays an important role in responding to drought and other environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongnan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ning Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hanbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongqi Wu
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Qinqin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingkai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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8
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Shim Y, Seong G, Choi Y, Lim C, Baek SA, Park YJ, Kim JK, An G, Kang K, Paek NC. Suppression of cuticular wax biosynthesis mediated by rice LOV KELCH REPEAT PROTEIN 2 supports a negative role in drought stress tolerance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1504-1520. [PMID: 36683564 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Drought tolerance is important for grain crops, including rice (Oryza sativa); for example, rice cultivated under intermittent irrigation produces less methane gas compared to rice grown in anaerobic paddy field conditions, but these plants require greater drought tolerance. Moreover, the roles of rice circadian-clock genes in drought tolerance remain largely unknown. Here, we show that the mutation of LOV KELCH REPEAT PROTEIN 2 (OsLKP2) enhanced drought tolerance by increasing cuticular wax biosynthesis. Among ZEITLUPE family genes, OsLKP2 expression specifically increased under dehydration stress. OsLKP2 knockdown (oslkp2-1) and knockout (oslkp2-2) mutants exhibited enhanced drought tolerance. Cuticular waxes inhibit non-stomatal water loss. Under drought conditions, total wax loads on the leaf surface increased by approximately 10% in oslkp2-1 and oslkp2-2 compared to the wild type, and the transcript levels of cuticular wax biosynthesis genes were upregulated in the oslkp2 mutants. Yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and coimmunoprecipitation assays revealed that OsLKP2 interacts with GIGANTEA (OsGI) in the nucleus. The osgi mutants also showed enhanced tolerance to drought stress, with a high density of wax crystals on their leaf surface. These results demonstrate that the OsLKP2-OsGI interaction negatively regulates wax accumulation on leaf surfaces, thereby decreasing rice resilience to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Shim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gayeong Seong
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumin Choi
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaemyeong Lim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-A Baek
- Division of Life Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Park
- Division of Life Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gynheung An
- Crop Biotech Institute and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyoon Kang
- Division of Life Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Chon Paek
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Silva AC, Marques RF, Gonçalves CG, Pereira MRR, Martins D. Effect of glyphosate in Johnsongrass submitted to different soil water potentials. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2023; 58:285-293. [PMID: 36772954 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2023.2176671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to study the efficiency of herbicide glyphosate to control Johnsongrass plants (Sorghum halepense) in different phenological stages of development and when submitted to different types of soil water potentials. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design, with four repetitions. The treatments were arranged in a triple factor scheme 3 × 3 × 2, being: three soil water conditions [no water deficit (-0.03 MPa), intermediate water deficit (-0.07 MPa), and high water deficit (-1.5 MPa)], associated with three doses of glyphosate (0.0, 270.0, and 540.0 g a.e. ha-1) applied in two phenological stages (4-6 leaves and 1-3 tillers). Visual control evaluations were conducted at 7, 14, 21, and 35 days after the herbicide application. Biometric and morphophysiological parameters were also analyzed. With the increase of water restriction, there was a decrease in Johnsongrass morphophysiological components, such as specific leaf area, stomatal conductance, and the difference between environment and leaf temperature, as well as the accumulation of aerial part and roots dry matter, independently of the phenological stage evaluated. The development stage of Johnsongrass influenced the control provided by glyphosate, independently of the dose used. The different water deficits studied reduced the control of glyphosate in the two Johnsongrass development stages evaluated. Severe water deficits reduced the control of glyphosate in Johnsongrass using the recommended dose. In conditions of moderate water deficit, the control was not affected. Thus, the control with lower doses can be the most affected by water deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio C Silva
- Departamento de Produção Vegetal (Matologia), FCAV-Faculdade de Ciências Agrarias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Ricardo F Marques
- Departamento de Produção Vegetal (Matologia), FCAV-Faculdade de Ciências Agrarias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Clebson G Gonçalves
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Dagoberto Martins
- Departamento de Produção Vegetal (Matologia), FCAV-Faculdade de Ciências Agrarias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Jaboticabal, Brazil
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10
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Ha CV, Mostofa MG, Nguyen KH, Tran CD, Watanabe Y, Li W, Osakabe Y, Sato M, Toyooka K, Tanaka M, Seki M, Burritt DJ, Anderson CM, Zhang R, Nguyen HM, Le VP, Bui HT, Mochida K, Tran LSP. The histidine phosphotransfer AHP4 plays a negative role in Arabidopsis plant response to drought. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:1732-1752. [PMID: 35883014 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinin plays an important role in plant stress responses via a multistep signaling pathway, involving the histidine phosphotransfer proteins (HPs). In Arabidopsis thaliana, the AHP2, AHP3 and AHP5 proteins are known to affect drought responses; however, the role of AHP4 in drought adaptation remains undetermined. In the present study, using a loss-of-function approach we showed that AHP4 possesses an important role in the response of Arabidopsis to drought. This is evidenced by the higher survival rates of ahp4 than wild-type (WT) plants under drought conditions, which is accompanied by the downregulated AHP4 expression in WT during periods of dehydration. Comparative transcriptome analysis of ahp4 and WT plants revealed AHP4-mediated expression of several dehydration- and/or abscisic acid-responsive genes involved in modulation of various physiological and biochemical processes important for plant drought acclimation. In comparison with WT, ahp4 plants showed increased wax crystal accumulation in stems, thicker cuticles in leaves, greater sensitivity to exogenous abscisic acid at germination, narrow stomatal apertures, heightened leaf temperatures during dehydration, and longer root length under osmotic stress. In addition, ahp4 plants showed greater photosynthetic efficiency, lower levels of reactive oxygen species, reduced electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation, and increased anthocyanin contents under drought, when compared with WT. These differences displayed in ahp4 plants are likely due to upregulation of genes that encode enzymes involved in reactive oxygen species scavenging and non-enzymatic antioxidant metabolism. Overall, our findings suggest that AHP4 plays a crucial role in plant drought adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien Van Ha
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N Warson Rd, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, Texas, 79409, USA
| | - Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, Texas, 79409, USA
| | - Kien Huu Nguyen
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Cuong Duy Tran
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Yasuko Watanabe
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Jilin Da'an Agro-ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Changchun Jingyuetan Remote Sensing Experiment Station, Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Yuriko Osakabe
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J2-12, 4259 Nagatsuda-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Mayuko Sato
- Mass Spectrometry and Microscopy Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kiminori Toyooka
- Mass Spectrometry and Microscopy Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Maho Tanaka
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Motoaki Seki
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan
| | - David J Burritt
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Ru Zhang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N Warson Rd, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Huong Mai Nguyen
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, Texas, 79409, USA
| | - Vy Phuong Le
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, Texas, 79409, USA
| | - Hien Thuy Bui
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, Christopher S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Microalgae Production Control Technology Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- School of Information and Data Science, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, Texas, 79409, USA
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11
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Molecular Aspects of MicroRNAs and Phytohormonal Signaling in Response to Drought Stress: A Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3695-3710. [PMID: 36005149 PMCID: PMC9406886 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44080253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytohormones play an essential role in plant growth and development in response to environmental stresses. However, plant hormones require a complex signaling network combined with other signaling pathways to perform their proper functions. Thus, multiple phytohormonal signaling pathways are a prerequisite for understanding plant defense mechanism against stressful conditions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are master regulators of eukaryotic gene expression and are also influenced by a wide range of plant development events by suppressing their target genes. In recent decades, the mechanisms of phytohormone biosynthesis, signaling, pathways of miRNA biosynthesis and regulation were profoundly characterized. Recent findings have shown that miRNAs and plant hormones are integrated with the regulation of environmental stress. miRNAs target several components of phytohormone pathways, and plant hormones also regulate the expression of miRNAs or their target genes inversely. In this article, recent developments related to molecular linkages between miRNAs and phytohormones were reviewed, focusing on drought stress.
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Liu L, Wang X, Chang C. Toward a smart skin: Harnessing cuticle biosynthesis for crop adaptation to drought, salinity, temperature, and ultraviolet stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:961829. [PMID: 35958191 PMCID: PMC9358614 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.961829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation are major environmental factors that adversely affect plant growth and crop production. As a protective shield covering the outer epidermal cell wall of plant aerial organs, the cuticle is mainly composed of cutin matrix impregnated and sealed with cuticular waxes, and greatly contributes to the plant adaption to environmental stresses. Past decades have seen considerable progress in uncovering the molecular mechanism of plant cutin and cuticular wax biosynthesis, as well as their important roles in plant stress adaptation, which provides a new direction to drive strategies for stress-resilient crop breeding. In this review, we highlighted the recent advances in cuticle biosynthesis in plant adaptation to drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and UV radiation stress, and discussed the current status and future directions in harnessing cuticle biosynthesis for crop improvement.
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Lee SB, Suh MC. Regulatory mechanisms underlying cuticular wax biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2799-2816. [PMID: 35560199 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants are sessile organisms that have developed hydrophobic cuticles that cover their aerial epidermal cells to protect them from terrestrial stresses. The cuticle layer is mainly composed of cutin, a polyester of hydroxy and epoxy fatty acids, and cuticular wax, a mixture of very-long-chain fatty acids (>20 carbon atoms) and their derivatives, aldehydes, alkanes, ketones, alcohols, and wax esters. During the last 30 years, forward and reverse genetic, transcriptomic, and biochemical approaches have enabled the identification of key enzymes, transporters, and regulators involved in the biosynthesis of cutin and cuticular waxes. In particular, cuticular wax biosynthesis is significantly influenced in an organ-specific manner or by environmental conditions, and is controlled using a variety of regulators. Recent studies on the regulatory mechanisms underlying cuticular wax biosynthesis have enabled us to understand how plants finely control carbon metabolic pathways to balance between optimal growth and development and defense against abiotic and biotic stresses. In this review, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms underlying cuticular wax biosynthesis at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, post-translational, and epigenetic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saet Buyl Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Korea
| | - Mi Chung Suh
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Korea
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14
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Ji J, Cao W, Tong L, Fang Z, Zhang Y, Zhuang M, Wang Y, Yang L, Lv H. Identification and validation of an ECERIFERUM2- LIKE gene controlling cuticular wax biosynthesis in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:4055-4066. [PMID: 34546379 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03947-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A single nucleotide mutation of BoCER2 is the primary cause of the wax deficiency in cabbage. An effective allele-specific KASP marker was developed for marker-assisted selection of glossiness. TL28-1 is a novel spontaneous wax-deficient mutant with a glossy phenotype identified from cabbage. In this study, the genetic analysis suggested that the wax-deficient trait of TL28-1 was controlled by a single recessive gene. All wax monomers longer than 28 carbons were significantly decreased in TL28-1. Fine-mapping results showed that the wax-deficient locus wdtl28 was located at an 80-kb interval between BOL01-20 and BOL01-24 markers on chromosome 1. According to the genome annotation of B. oleracea, the ECERIFERUM2- LIKE (CER2-LIKE) gene, BoCER2, was identified as the candidate gene. Phylogenetic analysis showed that BoCER2 and other CER2-LIKEs from vascular plants formed a clade within the BAHD superfamily of acyltransferases. The BoCER2 transcript was detected in various tissues, including stem, leaf, flower, and silique, but not in the cabbage roots. Subcellular localization indicated that BoCER2 protein functions in the endoplasmic reticulum. Further sequence analysis showed that a single nucleotide mutation (G to A) is present in the BoCER2 coding sequence in TL28-1, leading to a stop codon (TGA), hence premature translation termination. Linkage analysis showed that the homozygotic mutational BoCER2 co-segregated with wax deficiency. Moreover, the complementation test suggested that BoCER2 from wild type can rescue the wax deficiency of TL28-1. These results indicate that BoCER2 mutation hinders the elongation of very-long-chain fatty acid precursors in TL28-1, leading to wax deficiency. The allele-specific KASP marker designed in this study could be effective for marker-assisted selection of glossiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 ZhongGuanCun South St., Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wenxue Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 ZhongGuanCun South St., Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Long Tong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 ZhongGuanCun South St., Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 ZhongGuanCun South St., Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yangyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 ZhongGuanCun South St., Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mu Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 ZhongGuanCun South St., Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 ZhongGuanCun South St., Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Limei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 ZhongGuanCun South St., Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Honghao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 ZhongGuanCun South St., Beijing, 100081, China.
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15
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Zhang M, Liu J, Ma Q, Qin Y, Wang H, Chen P, Ma L, Fu X, Zhu L, Wei H, Yu S. Deficiencies in the formation and regulation of anther cuticle and tryphine contribute to male sterility in cotton PGMS line. BMC Genomics 2020. [PMID: 33228563 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07250-7251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male sterility is a simple and efficient pollination control system that is widely exploited in hybrid breeding. In upland cotton, CCRI9106, a photosensitive genetic male sterile (PGMS) mutant isolated from CCRI040029, was reported of great advantages to cotton heterosis. However, little information concerning the male sterility of CCRI9106 is known. Here, comparative transcriptome analysis of CCRI9106 (the mutant, MT) and CCRI040029 (the wild type, WT) anthers in Anyang (long-day, male sterile condition to CCRI9106) was performed to reveal the potential male sterile mechanism of CCRI9106. RESULTS Light and electron microscopy revealed that the male sterility phenotype of MT was mainly attributed to irregularly exine, lacking tryphine and immature anther cuticle. Based on the cytological characteristics of MT anthers, anther RNA libraries (18 in total) of tetrad (TTP), late uninucleate (lUNP) and binucleate (BNP) stages in MT and WT were constructed for transcriptomic analysis, therefore revealing a total of 870,4 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). By performing gene expression pattern analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks construction, we found down-regulation of DEGs, which enriched by the lipid biosynthetic process and the synthesis pathways of several types of secondary metabolites such as terpenoids, flavonoids and steroids, may crucial to the male sterility phenotype of MT, and resulting in the defects of anther cuticle and tryphine, even the irregularly exine. Furthermore, several lipid-related genes together with ABA-related genes and MYB transcription factors were identified as hub genes via weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Additionally, the ABA content of MT anthers was reduced across all stages when compared with WT anthers. At last, genes related to the formation of anther cuticle and tryphine could activated in MT under short-day condition. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the down-regulation of genes related to the assembly of anther cuticle and tryphine may lead to the male sterile phenotype of MT, and MYB transcription factors together with ABA played key regulatory roles in these processes. The conversion of fertility in different photoperiods may closely relate to the functional expression of these genes. These findings contribute to elucidate the mechanism of male sterility in upland cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Ji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Hantao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Pengyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Xiaokang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Longfu Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Hengling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Shuxun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, China.
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16
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Zhang M, Liu J, Ma Q, Qin Y, Wang H, Chen P, Ma L, Fu X, Zhu L, Wei H, Yu S. Deficiencies in the formation and regulation of anther cuticle and tryphine contribute to male sterility in cotton PGMS line. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:825. [PMID: 33228563 PMCID: PMC7685665 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07250-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Male sterility is a simple and efficient pollination control system that is widely exploited in hybrid breeding. In upland cotton, CCRI9106, a photosensitive genetic male sterile (PGMS) mutant isolated from CCRI040029, was reported of great advantages to cotton heterosis. However, little information concerning the male sterility of CCRI9106 is known. Here, comparative transcriptome analysis of CCRI9106 (the mutant, MT) and CCRI040029 (the wild type, WT) anthers in Anyang (long-day, male sterile condition to CCRI9106) was performed to reveal the potential male sterile mechanism of CCRI9106. Results Light and electron microscopy revealed that the male sterility phenotype of MT was mainly attributed to irregularly exine, lacking tryphine and immature anther cuticle. Based on the cytological characteristics of MT anthers, anther RNA libraries (18 in total) of tetrad (TTP), late uninucleate (lUNP) and binucleate (BNP) stages in MT and WT were constructed for transcriptomic analysis, therefore revealing a total of 870,4 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). By performing gene expression pattern analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks construction, we found down-regulation of DEGs, which enriched by the lipid biosynthetic process and the synthesis pathways of several types of secondary metabolites such as terpenoids, flavonoids and steroids, may crucial to the male sterility phenotype of MT, and resulting in the defects of anther cuticle and tryphine, even the irregularly exine. Furthermore, several lipid-related genes together with ABA-related genes and MYB transcription factors were identified as hub genes via weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Additionally, the ABA content of MT anthers was reduced across all stages when compared with WT anthers. At last, genes related to the formation of anther cuticle and tryphine could activated in MT under short-day condition. Conclusions We propose that the down-regulation of genes related to the assembly of anther cuticle and tryphine may lead to the male sterile phenotype of MT, and MYB transcription factors together with ABA played key regulatory roles in these processes. The conversion of fertility in different photoperiods may closely relate to the functional expression of these genes. These findings contribute to elucidate the mechanism of male sterility in upland cotton. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-020-07250-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, China.,National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Ji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Hantao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Pengyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Xiaokang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Longfu Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Hengling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Shuxun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, China.
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Castorina G, Domergue F, Chiara M, Zilio M, Persico M, Ricciardi V, Horner DS, Consonni G. Drought-Responsive ZmFDL1/MYB94 Regulates Cuticle Biosynthesis and Cuticle-Dependent Leaf Permeability. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:266-282. [PMID: 32665334 PMCID: PMC7479886 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In all land plants, the outer surface of aerial parts is covered by the cuticle, a complex lipid layer that constitutes a barrier against damage caused by environmental factors and provides protection against nonstomatal water loss. We show in this study that both cuticle deposition and cuticle-dependent leaf permeability during the juvenile phase of plant development are controlled by the maize (Zea mays) transcription factor ZmFUSED LEAVES 1 (FDL1)/MYB94. Biochemical analysis showed altered cutin and wax biosynthesis and deposition in fdl1-1 mutant seedlings at the coleoptile stage. Among cutin compounds, ω-hydroxy fatty acids and polyhydroxy-fatty acids were specifically affected, while the reduction of epicuticular waxes was mainly observed in primary long chain alcohols and, to a minor extent, in long-chain wax esters. Transcriptome analysis allowed the identification of candidate genes involved in lipid metabolism and the assembly of a proposed pathway for cuticle biosynthesis in maize. Lack of ZmFDL1/MYB94 affects the expression of genes located in different modules of the pathway, and we highlighted the correspondence between gene transcriptional variations and biochemical defects. We observed a decrease in cuticle-dependent leaf permeability in maize seedlings exposed to drought as well as abscisic acid treatment, which implies coordinated changes in the transcript levels of ZmFDL1/MYB94 and associated genes. Overall, our results suggest that the response to water stress implies the activation of wax biosynthesis and the involvement of both ZmFDL1/MYB94 and abscisic acid regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Castorina
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Frédéric Domergue
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Université de Bordeaux, UMR5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Matteo Chiara
- Department of Bioscience, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Zilio
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Persico
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Ricciardi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Consonni
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Chen H, Zhang Z, Ni E, Lin J, Peng G, Huang J, Zhu L, Deng L, Yang F, Luo Q, Sun W, Liu Z, Zhuang C, Liu YG, Zhou H. HMS1 interacts with HMS1I to regulate very-long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis and the humidity-sensitive genic male sterility in rice (Oryza sativa). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:2077-2093. [PMID: 31663135 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Environment-sensitive genic male sterility (EGMS) lines are used widely in two-line hybrid breeding in rice (Oryza sativa). At present, photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterility (PGMS) lines and thermo-sensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) lines are predominantly used in two-line hybrid rice, with humidity-sensitive genic male sterility (HGMS) lines rarely being reported. Here, it is shown that HUMIDITY-SENSITIVE GENIC MALE STERILITY 1 (HMS1), encoding a β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase, plays key roles in the biosynthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and HGMS in rice. The hms1 mutant displayed decreased seed setting under low humidity, but normal seed setting under high humidity. HMS1 catalyzed the biosynthesis of the C26 and C28 VLCFAs, contributing to the formation of bacula and tryphine in the pollen wall, which protect the pollen from dehydration. Under low-humidity conditions, hms1 pollen showed poor adhesion and reduced germination on the stigmas, which could be rescued by increasing humidity. HMS1-INTERACTING PROTEIN (HMS1I) interacted with HMS1 to coregulate HGMS. Furthermore, both japonica and indica rice varieties with defective HMS1 exhibited HGMS, suggesting that hms1 potentially could be used in hybrid breeding. The results herein reveal the novel mechanism of VLCFA-mediated pollen wall formation, which protects pollen from low-humidity stress in rice, and has a potential use in hybrid crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Erdong Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianwen Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guoqing Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jilei Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Liya Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Li Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fanfan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qian Luo
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wei Sun
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhenlan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chuxiong Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yao-Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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19
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Yu B, Liu L, Wang T. Deficiency of very long chain alkanes biosynthesis causes humidity-sensitive male sterility via affecting pollen adhesion and hydration in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:3340-3354. [PMID: 31380565 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pollen adhesion and hydration are the earliest events of the pollen-stigma interactions, which allow compatible pollen to fertilize egg cells, but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Rice pollen are wind dispersed, and its pollen coat contains less abundant lipids than that of insect-pollinated plants. Here, we characterized the role of OsGL1-4, a rice member of the Glossy family, in pollen adhesion and hydration. OsGL1-4 is preferentially expressed in pollen and tapetal cells and is required for the synthesis of very long chain alkanes. osgl1-4 mutant generated apparently normal pollen but displayed excessively fast dehydration at anthesis and defective adhesion and hydration under normal condition, but the defective adhesion and hydration were rescued by high humidity. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis suggested that the humidity-sensitive male sterility of osgl1-4 was probably due to a significant reduction in C25 and C27 alkanes. These results indicate that very long chain alkanes are components of rice pollen coat and control male fertility via affecting pollen adhesion and hydration in response to environmental humidity. Moreover, we proposed that a critical point of water content in mature pollen is required for the initiation of pollen adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingtong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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20
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Wu H, Shi S, Lu X, Li T, Wang J, Liu T, Zhang Q, Sun W, Li C, Wang Z, Chen Y, Quan L. Expression Analysis and Functional Characterization of CER1 Family Genes Involved in Very-Long-Chain Alkanes Biosynthesis in Brachypodium distachyon. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1389. [PMID: 31737015 PMCID: PMC6838206 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cuticular wax accumulation and composition affects drought resistance in plants. Brachypodium distachyon plants subjected to water deficit and polyethylene glycol treatments resulted in a significant increase in total wax load, in which very-long-chain (VLC) alkanes were more sensitive to these treatments than other wax compounds, implying that VLC alkanes biosynthesis plays a more important role in drought resistance in B. distachyon. ECERIFERUM1 (CER1) has been reported to encode a core enzyme involved in VLC alkanes biosynthesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), but few corresponding genes are investigated in B. distachyon. Here, we identified eight CER1 homologous genes in B. distachyon, namely BdCER1-1 to BdCER1-8, and then analyzed their sequences feature, expression patterns, stress induction, and biochemical activities. These genes had similar protein structure to other reported CER1 and CER1-like genes, but displayed closer phylogenetic relationship to the rice OsGL1 genes. They were further found to exhibit various tissue expression patterns after being induced by abiotic stresses. Among them, BdCER1-8 gene showed extremely high expression in leaves. Heterologous introduction of BdCER1-8 into the Arabidopsis cer1 mutant rescued VLC alkanes biosynthesis. These results indicate that BdCER1 genes are likely to be involved in VLC alkanes biosynthesis of B. distachyon. Taken together, BdCER1-8 seems to play an explicit and predominant role in VLC alkanes biosynthesis in leaf. Our work provides important clues for further characterizing function of CER1 homologous genes in B. distachyon and also an option to improve drought resistance of cereal crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shandang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaoliang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiahuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tianxiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Shaanxi Province Tobacco Company of China National Tobacco Company, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Shaanxi Province Tobacco Company of China National Tobacco Company, Xi’an, China
| | - Chunlian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Li Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Mutations in the Rice OsCHR4 Gene, Encoding a CHD3 Family Chromatin Remodeler, Induce Narrow and Rolled Leaves with Increased Cuticular Wax. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102567. [PMID: 31130602 PMCID: PMC6566577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf blade width, curvature, and cuticular wax are important agronomic traits of rice. Here, we report the rice Oschr4-5 mutant characterized by pleiotropic phenotypes, including narrow and rolled leaves, enhanced cuticular wax deposition and reduced plant height and tiller number. The reduced leaf width is caused by a reduced number of longitudinal veins and increased auxin content. The cuticular wax content was significantly higher in the Oschr4-5 mutant, resulting in reduced water loss rate and enhanced drought tolerance. Molecular characterization reveals that a single-base deletion results in a frame-shift mutation from the second chromodomain of OsCHR4, a CHD3 (chromodomain helicase DNA-binding) family chromatin remodeler, in the Oschr4-5 mutant. Expressions of seven wax biosynthesis genes (GL1-4, WSL4, OsCER7, LACS2, LACS7, ROC4 and BDG) and four auxin biosynthesis genes (YUC2, YUC3, YUC5 and YUC6) was up-regulated in the Oschr4-5 mutant. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that the transcriptionally active histone modification H3K4me3 was increased, whereas the repressive H3K27me3 was reduced in the upregulated genes in the Oschr4-5 mutant. Therefore, OsCHR4 regulates leaf morphogenesis and cuticle wax formation by epigenetic modulation of auxin and wax biosynthetic genes expression.
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22
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Luo Z, Tomasi P, Fahlgren N, Abdel-Haleem H. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of leaf cuticular wax components in Camelina sativa identifies genetic loci related to intracellular wax transport. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:187. [PMID: 31064322 PMCID: PMC6505076 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is important to explore renewable alternatives (e.g. biofuels) that can produce energy sources to help reduce reliance on fossil oils, and reduce greenhouse gases and waste solids resulted from fossil oils consumption. Camelina sativa is an oilseed crop which has received increasing attention due to its short life cycle, broader adaptation regions, high oil content, high level of omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids, and low-input requirements in agriculture practices. To expand its Camelina production areas into arid regions, there is a need to breed for new drought-tolerant cultivars. Leaf cuticular wax is known to facilitate plant development and growth under water-limited conditions. Dissecting the genetic loci underlying leaf cuticular waxes is important to breed for cultivars with improved drought tolerance. RESULTS Here we combined phenotypic data and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from a spring C. sativa diversity panel using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technology, to perform a large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) on leaf wax compositions. A total of 42 SNP markers were significantly associated with 15 leaf wax traits including major wax components such as total primary alcohols, total alkanes, and total wax esters as well as their constituents. The vast majority of significant SNPs were associated with long-chain carbon monomers (carbon chain length longer than C28), indicating the important effects of long-chain carbon monomers on leaf total wax biosynthesis. These SNP markers are located on genes directly or indirectly related to wax biosynthesis such as maintaining endoplasmic reticulum (ER) morphology and enabling normal wax secretion from ER to plasma membrane or Golgi network-mediated transport. CONCLUSIONS These loci could potentially serve as candidates for the genetic control involved in intracellular wax transport that might directly or indirectly facilitate leaf wax accumulation in C. sativa and can be used in future marker-assisted selection (MAS) to breed for the cultivars with high wax content to improve drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinan Luo
- US Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA ARS, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA
| | - Pernell Tomasi
- US Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA ARS, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA
| | - Noah Fahlgren
- Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132 USA
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23
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Wang Y, Liu D, Tian Y, Wu S, An X, Dong Z, Zhang S, Bao J, Li Z, Li J, Wan X. Map-Based Cloning, Phylogenetic, and Microsynteny Analyses of ZmMs20 Gene Regulating Male Fertility in Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1411. [PMID: 30897816 PMCID: PMC6470574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Genic male sterility (GMS) mutant is a useful germplasm resource for both theory research and production practice. The identification and characterization of GMS genes, and assessment of male-sterility stability of GMS mutant under different genetic backgrounds in Zea may (maize) have (1) deepened our understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling anther and pollen development, and (2) enabled the development and efficient use of many biotechnology-based male-sterility (BMS) systems for hybrid breeding. Here, we reported a complete GMS mutant (ms20), which displays abnormal anther cuticle and pollen development. Its fertility restorer gene ZmMs20 was found to be a new allele of IPE1 encoding a glucose methanol choline (GMC) oxidoreductase involved in lipid metabolism in anther. Phylogenetic and microsynteny analyses showed that ZmMs20 was conserved among gramineous species, which provide clues for creating GMS materials in other crops. Additionally, among the 17 maize cloned GMS genes, ZmMs20 was found to be similar to the expression patterns of Ms7, Ms26, Ms6021, APV1, and IG1 genes, which will give some clues for deciphering their functional relationships in regulating male fertility. Finally, two functional markers of ZmMs20/ms20 were developed and tested for creating maize ms20 male-sterility lines in 353 genetic backgrounds, and then an artificial maintainer line of ms20 GMS mutation was created by using ZmMs20 gene, ms20 mutant, and BMS system. This work will promote our understanding of functional mechanisms of male fertility and facilitate molecular breeding of ms20 male-sterility lines for hybrid seed production in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Wang
- Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
| | - Dongcheng Liu
- Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China.
| | - Youhui Tian
- Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
| | - Suowei Wu
- Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China.
| | - Xueli An
- Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China.
| | - Zhenying Dong
- Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China.
| | - Simiao Zhang
- Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
| | - Jianxi Bao
- Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
| | - Ziwen Li
- Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China.
| | - Jinping Li
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China.
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China.
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24
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Avila LM, Obeidat W, Earl H, Niu X, Hargreaves W, Lukens L. Shared and genetically distinct Zea mays transcriptome responses to ongoing and past low temperature exposure. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:761. [PMID: 30342485 PMCID: PMC6196024 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold temperatures and their alleviation affect many plant traits including the abundance of protein coding gene transcripts. Transcript level changes that occur in response to cold temperatures and their alleviation are shared or vary across genotypes. In this study we identify individual transcripts and groups of functionally related transcripts that consistently respond to cold and its alleviation. Genes that respond differently to temperature changes across genotypes may have limited functional importance. We investigate if these genes share functions, and if their genotype-specific gene expression levels change in magnitude or rank across temperatures. RESULTS We estimate transcript abundances from over 22,000 genes in two unrelated Zea mays inbred lines during and after cold temperature exposure. Genotype and temperature contribute to many genes' abundances. Past cold exposure affects many fewer genes. Genes up-regulated in cold encode many cytokinin glucoside biosynthesis enzymes, transcription factors, signalling molecules, and proteins involved in diverse environmental responses. After cold exposure, protease inhibitors and cuticular wax genes are newly up-regulated, and environmentally responsive genes continue to be up-regulated. Genes down-regulated in response to cold include many photosynthesis, translation, and DNA replication associated genes. After cold exposure, DNA replication and translation genes are still preferentially downregulated. Lignin and suberin biosynthesis are newly down-regulated. DNA replication, reactive oxygen species response, and anthocyanin biosynthesis genes have strong, genotype-specific temperature responses. The ranks of genotypes' transcript abundances often change across temperatures. CONCLUSIONS We report a large, core transcriptome response to cold and the alleviation of cold. In cold, many of the core suite of genes are up or downregulated to control plant growth and photosynthesis and limit cellular damage. In recovery, core responses are in part to prepare for future stress. Functionally related genes are consistently and greatly up-regulated in a single genotype in response to cold or its alleviation, suggesting positive selection has driven genotype-specific temperature responses in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Avila
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Wisam Obeidat
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Hugh Earl
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Xiaomu Niu
- Dupont/Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave, DuPont Pioneer, Johnston, Iowa, 50131 USA
| | - William Hargreaves
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Lewis Lukens
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
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25
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Ni E, Zhou L, Li J, Jiang D, Wang Z, Zheng S, Qi H, Zhou Y, Wang C, Xiao S, Liu Z, Zhou H, Zhuang C. OsCER1 Plays a Pivotal Role in Very-Long-Chain Alkane Biosynthesis and Affects Plastid Development and Programmed Cell Death of Tapetum in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1217. [PMID: 30237804 PMCID: PMC6136457 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cuticle waxes, which are primarily comprised of very-long-chain (VLC) alkanes, play an important role in plant reproductive development. ECERIFERUM1 (CER1) is recognized as the core element for VLC alkane biosynthesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, genes involved in the VLC alkane biosynthesis in rice remain unclear, and the alkane-form pathway in rice has still to be further explored. Here, we show that OsCER1, a homology of CER1, functions in VLC alkanes biosynthesis, which also could regulate anther development and plastids differentiation in rice. OsCER1 was highly expressed in the tapetum (stage 10) and bicellular pollen cells (stage 11). The decreased content of VLC alkanes (C25 and C27) in the OsCER1 knocked down plants as well as the increased content of C27 alkanes in the OsCER1 overexpression plants indicates that OsCER1 participates in VLC alkane biosynthesis. Downregulation of OsCER1 in rice led to sterility, and fewer amyloplasts within the mature pollen grains. In addition, the downregulation of OsCER1 in rice caused delayed tapetal programmed cell death and abnormal development of plastids in the tapetal cells. Furthermore, significantly altered levels of expression of genes involved in the pollen development were exhibited in the OsCER1 knocked down plants. These results indicate that OsCER1 is critical for VLC alkanes biosynthesis, plastids differentiation, and pollen development. This work provides insights into the VLC alkanes biosynthesis in anther development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdong Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources – Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyan Zhou
- Laboratory Center of Basic Biology and Biotechnology, Education Department of Guangdong Province, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources – Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dagang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources – Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shaoyan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources – Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cimei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources – Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenlan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources – Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources – Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hai Zhou, Chuxiong Zhuang,
| | - Chuxiong Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources – Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hai Zhou, Chuxiong Zhuang,
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26
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Uttam GA, Praveen M, Rao YV, Tonapi VA, Madhusudhana R. Molecular mapping and candidate gene analysis of a new epicuticular wax locus in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2017; 130:2109-2125. [PMID: 28702690 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-017-2945-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A new epicuticular wax (bloom) locus has been identified and fine mapped to the 207.89 kb genomic region on chromosome 1. A putative candidate gene, Sobic.001G269200, annotated as GDSL-like lipase/acylhydrolase, is proposed as the most probable candidate gene involved in bloom synthesis/deposition. Deposition of epicuticular wax on plant aerial surface is one strategy that plants adapt to reduce non-transpiration water loss. Epicuticular wax (bloom)-less mutants in sorghum with their glossy phenotypes exhibit changes in the accumulation of epicuticular wax on leaf and culm surfaces. We report molecular mapping of a new sorghum locus, bloomless mutant (bm39), involved in epicuticular wax biosynthesis in sorghum. Inheritance studies involving a profusely bloom parent (BTx623) and a spontaneous bloomless mutant (RS647) indicated that the parents differed in a single gene for bloom synthesis. Bloomless was recessive to bloom deposition. Genetic mapping involving F2 and F7 mapping populations in diverse genetic backgrounds (BTx623 × RS647; 296A × RS647 and 27A × RS647) identified and validated the map location of bm39 to a region of 207.89 kb on chromosome 1. SSR markers, Sblm13 and Sblm16, flanked the bm39 locus to a map interval of 0.3 cM on either side. Nine candidate genes were identified, of which Sobic.001G269200 annotated for GDSL-like lipase/acylhydrolase is the most likely gene associated with epicuticular wax deposition. Gene expression analysis in parents, isogenic lines and sets of near isogenic lines also confirmed the reduced expression of the putative candidate gene. The study opens possibilities for a detailed molecular analysis of the gene, its role in epicuticular wax synthesis and deposition, and may help to understand its function in moisture stress tolerance and insect and pathogen resistance in sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Anurag Uttam
- Marker-Assisted Selection Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Institute of Millet Research (IIMR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500 030, India
| | - M Praveen
- Marker-Assisted Selection Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Institute of Millet Research (IIMR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500 030, India
| | - Y Venkateswara Rao
- Department of Botany, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vilas A Tonapi
- Marker-Assisted Selection Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Institute of Millet Research (IIMR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500 030, India
| | - R Madhusudhana
- Marker-Assisted Selection Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Institute of Millet Research (IIMR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500 030, India.
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Exploring drought stress-regulated genes in senna (Cassia angustifolia Vahl.): a transcriptomic approach. Funct Integr Genomics 2016; 17:1-25. [PMID: 27709374 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-016-0523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
De novo assembly of reads produced by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies offers a rapid approach to obtain expressed gene sequences for non-model organisms. Senna (Cassia angustifolia Vahl.) is a drought-tolerant annual undershrub of Caesalpiniaceae, a subfamily of Fabaceae. There are insufficient transcriptomic and genomic data in public databases for understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the drought tolerance of senna. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to know the transcriptome profile of senna, with special reference to drought stress. RNA from two different stages of leaf development was extracted and sequenced separately using the Illumina technology. A total of 200 million reads were generated, and a de novo assembly of processed reads in the pooled transcriptome using Trinity yielded 43,413 transcripts which were further annotated using NCBI BLAST with "green plant database (txid 33090)," Swiss Prot, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), and Gene Ontology (GO). Out of the total transcripts, 42,280 (95.0 %) were annotated by BLASTX against the green plant database of NCBI. Senna transcriptome showed the highest similarity to Glycine max (41 %), followed by Phaseolus vulgaris (16 %), Cicer arietinum (15 %), and Medicago trancatula (5 %). The highest number of GO terms were enriched for the molecular functions category; of these "catalytic activity" (GO: 0003824) (25.10 %) and "binding activity" (GO: 0005488) (20.10 %) were most abundantly represented. We used InterProscan to see protein similarity at domain level; a total of 33,256 transcripts were annotated against the Pfam domains. The transcripts were assigned with various KEGG pathways. Coding DNA sequences (CDS) encoding various drought stress-regulated pathways such as signaling factors, protein-modifying/degrading enzymes, biosynthesis of phytohormone, phytohormone signaling, osmotically active compounds, free radical scavengers, chlorophyll metabolism, leaf cuticular wax, polyamines, and protective proteins were identified through BLASTX search. The lucine-rich repeat kinase family was the most abundantly found group of protein kinases. Orphan, bHLH, and bZIP family TFs were the most abundantly found in senna. Six genes encoding MYC2 transcription factor, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), l -ascorbate peroxidase (APX), aminocyclopropane carboxylate oxidase (ACO), abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase (ABA), and WRKY transcription factor were confirmed through reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) and Sanger sequencing for the first time in senna. The potential drought stress-related transcripts identified in this study provide a good start for further investigation into the drought adaptation in senna. Additionally, our transcriptome sequences are the valuable resource for accelerated genomics-assisted genetic improvement programs and facilitate manipulation of biochemical pathways for developing drought-tolerant genotypes of crop plants.
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Gan L, Wang X, Cheng Z, Liu L, Wang J, Zhang Z, Ren Y, Lei C, Zhao Z, Zhu S, Lin Q, Wu F, Guo X, Wang J, Zhang X, Wan J. Wax crystal-sparse leaf 3 encoding a β-ketoacyl-CoA reductase is involved in cuticular wax biosynthesis in rice. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:1687-1698. [PMID: 27106031 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-1983-1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
WSL3 encodes β-ketoacyl-CoA reductase (KCR) in rice, in a similar way to YBR159w in yeast, and is essential for VLCFA biosynthesis and leaf wax accumulation. Cuticular waxes on plant surfaces limit non-stomatal water loss, protect plants against deposits of dust and impose a physical barrier to pathogen infection. We identified a wax-deficient mutant of rice, wax crystal-sparse leaf 3 (wsl3), which exhibits a pleiotropic phenotype that includes reduced epicuticular wax crystals on the leaf surface and altered wax composition. Map-based cloning demonstrated that defects in the mutant were caused by two adjacent single-nucleotide changes in a gene encoding β-ketoacyl-CoA reductase (KCR) that catalyzes the second step of the fatty acid elongation reaction. The identity of WSL3 was further confirmed by genetic complementation. Transient assays of fluorescent protein-tagged WSL3 in tobacco protoplasts showed that WSL3 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum, the compartment of fatty acid elongation in cells. Quantitative PCR and histochemical staining indicated that WSL3 is universally expressed in tissues. RNA interference of WSL3 caused a phenotype that mimicked the wsl3 mutant. Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) 20:0 and 22:0, or 20:1Δ(11) and 22:1Δ(13), were detected when WSL3 and Arabidopsis fatty acid elongation 1 (FAE1) were co-expressed in a yeast ybr159wΔ mutant strain. Our results indicated that WSL3 affects rice cuticular wax production by participating in VLCFA elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gan
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaole Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhijun Cheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Linglong Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiulin Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yulong Ren
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Cailin Lei
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhichao Zhao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qibing Lin
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fuqing Wu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiuping Guo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jie Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Gan L, Wang X, Cheng Z, Liu L, Wang J, Zhang Z, Ren Y, Lei C, Zhao Z, Zhu S, Lin Q, Wu F, Guo X, Wang J, Zhang X, Wan J. Wax crystal-sparse leaf 3 encoding a β-ketoacyl-CoA reductase is involved in cuticular wax biosynthesis in rice. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:1687-98. [PMID: 27106031 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-1983-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
WSL3 encodes β-ketoacyl-CoA reductase (KCR) in rice, in a similar way to YBR159w in yeast, and is essential for VLCFA biosynthesis and leaf wax accumulation. Cuticular waxes on plant surfaces limit non-stomatal water loss, protect plants against deposits of dust and impose a physical barrier to pathogen infection. We identified a wax-deficient mutant of rice, wax crystal-sparse leaf 3 (wsl3), which exhibits a pleiotropic phenotype that includes reduced epicuticular wax crystals on the leaf surface and altered wax composition. Map-based cloning demonstrated that defects in the mutant were caused by two adjacent single-nucleotide changes in a gene encoding β-ketoacyl-CoA reductase (KCR) that catalyzes the second step of the fatty acid elongation reaction. The identity of WSL3 was further confirmed by genetic complementation. Transient assays of fluorescent protein-tagged WSL3 in tobacco protoplasts showed that WSL3 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum, the compartment of fatty acid elongation in cells. Quantitative PCR and histochemical staining indicated that WSL3 is universally expressed in tissues. RNA interference of WSL3 caused a phenotype that mimicked the wsl3 mutant. Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) 20:0 and 22:0, or 20:1Δ(11) and 22:1Δ(13), were detected when WSL3 and Arabidopsis fatty acid elongation 1 (FAE1) were co-expressed in a yeast ybr159wΔ mutant strain. Our results indicated that WSL3 affects rice cuticular wax production by participating in VLCFA elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gan
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaole Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhijun Cheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Linglong Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiulin Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yulong Ren
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Cailin Lei
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhichao Zhao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qibing Lin
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fuqing Wu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiuping Guo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jie Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Zang G, Zou H, Zhang Y, Xiang Z, Huang J, Luo L, Wang C, Lei K, Li X, Song D, Din AU, Wang G. The De-Etiolated 1 Homolog of Arabidopsis Modulates the ABA Signaling Pathway and ABA Biosynthesis in Rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:1259-76. [PMID: 27208292 PMCID: PMC4902595 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
DEETIOLATED1 (DET1) plays a critical role in developmental and environmental responses in many plants. To date, the functions of OsDET1 in rice (Oryza sativa) have been largely unknown. OsDET1 is an ortholog of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) DET1 Here, we found that OsDET1 is essential for maintaining normal rice development. The repression of OsDET1 had detrimental effects on plant development, and leaded to contradictory phenotypes related to abscisic acid (ABA) in OsDET1 interference (RNAi) plants. We found that OsDET1 is involved in modulating ABA signaling in rice. OsDET1 RNAi plants exhibited an ABA hypersensitivity phenotype. Using yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, we determined that OsDET1 interacts physically with DAMAGED-SPECIFIC DNA-BINDING PROTEIN1 (OsDDB1) and CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC10 (COP10); DET1- and DDB1-ASSOCIATED1 binds to the ABA receptors OsPYL5 and OsDDB1. We found that the degradation of OsPYL5 was delayed in OsDET1 RNAi plants. These findings suggest that OsDET1 deficiency disturbs the COP10-DET1-DDB1 complex, which is responsible for ABA receptor (OsPYL) degradation, eventually leading to ABA sensitivity in rice. Additionally, OsDET1 also modulated ABA biosynthesis, as ABA biosynthesis was inhibited in OsDET1 RNAi plants and promoted in OsDET1-overexpressing transgenic plants. In conclusion, our data suggest that OsDET1 plays an important role in maintaining normal development in rice and mediates the cross talk between ABA biosynthesis and ABA signaling pathways in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchao Zang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China (G.Z., H.Z., Z.X., J.H., L.L., A.U.D., G.W.);Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China (Y.Z.);Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China (C.W., K.L., X.L.); andShuzhou Rice Research Institute, Chongzhou 611200, China (D.S.)
| | - Hanyan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China (G.Z., H.Z., Z.X., J.H., L.L., A.U.D., G.W.);Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China (Y.Z.);Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China (C.W., K.L., X.L.); andShuzhou Rice Research Institute, Chongzhou 611200, China (D.S.)
| | - Yuchan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China (G.Z., H.Z., Z.X., J.H., L.L., A.U.D., G.W.);Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China (Y.Z.);Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China (C.W., K.L., X.L.); andShuzhou Rice Research Institute, Chongzhou 611200, China (D.S.)
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China (G.Z., H.Z., Z.X., J.H., L.L., A.U.D., G.W.);Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China (Y.Z.);Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China (C.W., K.L., X.L.); andShuzhou Rice Research Institute, Chongzhou 611200, China (D.S.)
| | - Junli Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China (G.Z., H.Z., Z.X., J.H., L.L., A.U.D., G.W.);Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China (Y.Z.);Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China (C.W., K.L., X.L.); andShuzhou Rice Research Institute, Chongzhou 611200, China (D.S.)
| | - Li Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China (G.Z., H.Z., Z.X., J.H., L.L., A.U.D., G.W.);Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China (Y.Z.);Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China (C.W., K.L., X.L.); andShuzhou Rice Research Institute, Chongzhou 611200, China (D.S.)
| | - Chunping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China (G.Z., H.Z., Z.X., J.H., L.L., A.U.D., G.W.);Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China (Y.Z.);Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China (C.W., K.L., X.L.); andShuzhou Rice Research Institute, Chongzhou 611200, China (D.S.)
| | - Kairong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China (G.Z., H.Z., Z.X., J.H., L.L., A.U.D., G.W.);Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China (Y.Z.);Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China (C.W., K.L., X.L.); andShuzhou Rice Research Institute, Chongzhou 611200, China (D.S.)
| | - Xianyong Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China (G.Z., H.Z., Z.X., J.H., L.L., A.U.D., G.W.);Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China (Y.Z.);Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China (C.W., K.L., X.L.); andShuzhou Rice Research Institute, Chongzhou 611200, China (D.S.)
| | - Deming Song
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China (G.Z., H.Z., Z.X., J.H., L.L., A.U.D., G.W.);Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China (Y.Z.);Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China (C.W., K.L., X.L.); andShuzhou Rice Research Institute, Chongzhou 611200, China (D.S.)
| | - Ahmad Ud Din
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China (G.Z., H.Z., Z.X., J.H., L.L., A.U.D., G.W.);Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China (Y.Z.);Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China (C.W., K.L., X.L.); andShuzhou Rice Research Institute, Chongzhou 611200, China (D.S.)
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China (G.Z., H.Z., Z.X., J.H., L.L., A.U.D., G.W.);Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China (Y.Z.);Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China (C.W., K.L., X.L.); andShuzhou Rice Research Institute, Chongzhou 611200, China (D.S.)
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Arabidopsis type B cytokinin response regulators ARR1, ARR10, and ARR12 negatively regulate plant responses to drought. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:3090-5. [PMID: 26884175 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1600399113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used a loss-of-function approach to elucidate the functions of three Arabidopsis type B response regulators (ARRs)--namely ARR1, ARR10, and ARR12--in regulating the Arabidopsis plant responses to drought. The arr1,10,12 triple mutant showed a significant increase in drought tolerance versus WT plants, as indicated by its higher relative water content and survival rate on drying soil. This enhanced drought tolerance of arr1,10,12 plants can be attributed to enhanced cell membrane integrity, increased anthocyanin biosynthesis, abscisic acid (ABA) hypersensitivity, and reduced stomatal aperture, but not to altered stomatal density. Further drought-tolerance tests of lower-order double and single mutants indicated that ARR1, ARR10, and ARR12 negatively and redundantly control plant responses to drought, with ARR1 appearing to bear the most critical function among the three proteins. In agreement with these findings, a comparative genome-wide analysis of the leaves of arr1,10,12 and WT plants under both normal and dehydration conditions suggested a cytokinin (CK) signaling-mediated network controlling plant adaptation to drought via many dehydration/drought- and/or ABA-responsive genes that can provide osmotic adjustment and protection to cellular and membrane structures. Expression of all three ARR genes was repressed by dehydration and ABA treatments, inferring that plants down-regulate these genes as an adaptive mechanism to survive drought. Collectively, our results demonstrate that repression of CK response, and thus CK signaling, is one of the strategies plants use to cope with water deficit, providing novel insight for the design of drought-tolerant plants by genetic engineering.
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