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Pan L, Yuan Y, Cui Q, Zhang X, Huo Y, Liu Q, Zou W, Zhao B, Hao L. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence of respiratory viral pathogens in patients with acute respiratory infection in Shanghai, China. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1230139. [PMID: 38384888 PMCID: PMC10880446 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1230139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the impact of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) taken to combat COVID-19 on the prevalence of respiratory viruses (RVs) of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in Shanghai. Methods Samples from ARI patients were collected and screened for 17 respiratory viral pathogens using TagMan low density microfluidic chip technology in Shanghai from January 2019 to December 2020. Pathogen data were analyzed to assess changes in acute respiratory infections between 2019 and 2020. Results A total of 2,744 patients were enrolled, including 1,710 and 1,034 in 2019 and 2020, respectively. The total detection rate of RVs decreased by 149.74% in 2020. However, detection rates for human respiratory syncytial virus B (RSVB), human coronavirus 229E (HCoV229E), human coronavirus NL63 (HCoVNL63), and human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV3) increased by 91.89, 58.33, 44.68 and 24.29%, in 2020. The increased positive rates of RSVB, HPIV3, resulted in more outpatients in 2020 than in 2019. IFV detection rates declined dramatically across gender, age groups, and seasons in 2020. Conclusion NPIs taken to eliminate COVID-19 had an impact on the prevalence of respiratory viral pathogens, especially the IFVs in the early phases of the pandemic. Partial respiratory viruses resurged with the lifting of NPIs, leading to an increase in ARIs infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Pan
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
- Research Base of Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease in China CDC, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiqi Cui
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
- Research Base of Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease in China CDC, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuechun Zhang
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujia Huo
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwei Zou
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
- Research Base of Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease in China CDC, Shanghai, China
| | - Lipeng Hao
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
- Research Base of Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease in China CDC, Shanghai, China
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Jia Z, Xue P, Gao R, Wang R, Zhao L, Zuo Z, Gao L, Han R, Yao H, Guo J, Xu J, Zhu Z, Wang J. Epidemiology of Influenza-like Illness and Respiratory Viral Etiology in Adult Patients in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China between 2018 and 2019. Viruses 2023; 15:2176. [PMID: 38005853 PMCID: PMC10674265 DOI: 10.3390/v15112176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the epidemiological status of influenza and understand the distribution of common respiratory viruses in adult patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) cases in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China, epidemiological data between 2018 and 2019 were retrieved from the China Influenza Surveillance Information System, and two sentinel ILI surveillance hospitals were selected for sample collection. All specimens were screened for influenza virus (IFV) and the other 14 common respiratory viruses using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results of the 2-year ILI surveillance showed that 26,205 (1.37%) of the 1,907,869 outpatients and emergency patients presented with ILI, with an average annual incidence of 297.75 per 100,000 individuals, and ILI cases were predominant in children <15 years (21,348 patients, 81.47%). Of the 2713 specimens collected from adult patients with ILI, the overall detection rate of respiratory viruses was 20.13%, with IFV being the most frequently detected (11.79%) and at a relatively lower rate than other respiratory viruses. Further subtype analysis indicated an alternating or mixed prevalence of H1N1 (2009), H3N2, Victoria, and Yamagata subtypes. This study provides a baseline epidemiological characterization of ILI and highlights the need for a nationwide detection and surveillance system for multiple respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jia
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan 030001, China; (Z.J.); (P.X.); (R.G.); (H.Y.); (J.G.)
- Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 22, Huazhang West Street, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan 030032, China; (R.W.); (L.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.G.); (R.H.); (J.X.)
| | - Puna Xue
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan 030001, China; (Z.J.); (P.X.); (R.G.); (H.Y.); (J.G.)
- Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 22, Huazhang West Street, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan 030032, China; (R.W.); (L.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.G.); (R.H.); (J.X.)
| | - Ruihong Gao
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan 030001, China; (Z.J.); (P.X.); (R.G.); (H.Y.); (J.G.)
- Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 22, Huazhang West Street, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan 030032, China; (R.W.); (L.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.G.); (R.H.); (J.X.)
| | - Rui Wang
- Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 22, Huazhang West Street, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan 030032, China; (R.W.); (L.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.G.); (R.H.); (J.X.)
| | - Lifeng Zhao
- Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 22, Huazhang West Street, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan 030032, China; (R.W.); (L.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.G.); (R.H.); (J.X.)
| | - Zhihong Zuo
- Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 22, Huazhang West Street, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan 030032, China; (R.W.); (L.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.G.); (R.H.); (J.X.)
| | - Li Gao
- Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 22, Huazhang West Street, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan 030032, China; (R.W.); (L.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.G.); (R.H.); (J.X.)
| | - Rui Han
- Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 22, Huazhang West Street, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan 030032, China; (R.W.); (L.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.G.); (R.H.); (J.X.)
| | - Hong Yao
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan 030001, China; (Z.J.); (P.X.); (R.G.); (H.Y.); (J.G.)
| | - Jiane Guo
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan 030001, China; (Z.J.); (P.X.); (R.G.); (H.Y.); (J.G.)
- Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 22, Huazhang West Street, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan 030032, China; (R.W.); (L.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.G.); (R.H.); (J.X.)
| | - Jihong Xu
- Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 22, Huazhang West Street, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan 030032, China; (R.W.); (L.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.G.); (R.H.); (J.X.)
| | - Zhen Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jitao Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan 030001, China; (Z.J.); (P.X.); (R.G.); (H.Y.); (J.G.)
- Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 22, Huazhang West Street, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan 030032, China; (R.W.); (L.Z.); (Z.Z.); (L.G.); (R.H.); (J.X.)
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Yin J, Liu T, Tang F, Chen D, Sun L, Song S, Zhang S, Wu J, Li Z, Xing W, Wang X, Ding G. Effects of ambient temperature on influenza-like illness: A multicity analysis in Shandong Province, China, 2014-2017. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1095436. [PMID: 36699880 PMCID: PMC9868675 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1095436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The associations between ambient temperature and influenza-like illness (ILI) have been investigated in previous studies. However, they have inconsistent results. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of ambient temperature on ILI in Shandong Province, China. Methods Weekly ILI surveillance and meteorological data over 2014-2017 of the Shandong Province were collected from the Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the China Meteorological Data Service Center, respectively. A distributed lag non-linear model was adopted to estimate the city-specific temperature-ILI relationships, which were used to pool the regional-level and provincial-level estimates through a multivariate meta-analysis. Results There were 911,743 ILI cases reported in the study area between 2014 and 2017. The risk of ILI increased with decreasing weekly ambient temperature at the provincial level, and the effect was statistically significant when the temperature was <-1.5°C (RR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.00-1.54). We found that the relationship between temperature and ILI showed an L-shaped curve at the regional level, except for Southern Shandong (S-shaped). The risk of ILI was influenced by cold, with significant lags from 2.5 to 3 weeks, and no significant effect of heat on ILI was found. Conclusion Our findings confirm that low temperatures significantly increased the risk of ILI in the study area. In addition, the cold effect of ambient temperature may cause more risk of ILI than the hot effect. The findings have significant implications for developing strategies to control ILI and respond to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China,Center for Big Data Research in Health and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ti Liu
- Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Tang
- Center for Big Data Research in Health and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dongzhen Chen
- Institute of Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Liaocheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shaoxia Song
- Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shengyang Zhang
- Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Julong Wu
- Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Weijia Xing
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China,Weijia Xing ✉
| | - Xianjun Wang
- Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China,Xianjun Wang ✉
| | - Guoyong Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Guoyong Ding ✉
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Elsaid AF, Agrawal S, Agrawal A, Ghoneum M. Dietary Supplementation with Biobran/MGN-3 Increases Innate Resistance and Reduces the Incidence of Influenza-like Illnesses in Elderly Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114133. [PMID: 34836388 PMCID: PMC8618540 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza-like illness (ILI) remains a major cause of severe mortality and morbidity in the elderly. Aging is associated with a decreased ability to sense pathogens and mount effective innate and adaptive immune responses, thus mandating the development of protective nutraceuticals. Biobran/MGN-3, an arabinoxylan from rice bran, has potent anti-aging and immunomodulatory effects, suggesting that it may be effective against ILI. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of Biobran/MGN-3 on ILI incidence, natural killer (NK) cell activity, and the expressions of RIG-1 (retinoic acid-inducible gene 1), MDA5 (melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5), and their downstream signaling genes ISG-15 (interferon-stimulated genes 15) and MX1 (myxovirus (influenza) resistance 1, interferon-inducible). A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial included eighty healthy older adults over 55 years old, 40 males and 40 females, who received either a placebo or Biobran/MGN-3 (500 mg/day) for 3 months during known ILI seasonality (peak incidence) in Egypt. The incidence of ILI was confirmed clinically according to the WHO case definition criteria. Hematological, hepatic, and renal parameters were assessed in all subjects, while the activity of NK and NKT (natural killer T) cells was assessed in six randomly chosen subjects in each group by the degranulation assay. The effect of Biobran/MGN-3 on RIG-1 and MDA5, as well as downstream ISG15 and MX1, was assessed in BEAS-2B pulmonary epithelial cells using flow cytometry. The incidence rate and incidence density of ILI in the Biobran/MGN-3 group were 5.0% and 0.57 cases per 1000 person-days, respectively, compared to 22.5% and 2.95 cases per 1000 person-days in the placebo group. Furthermore, Biobran/MGN-3 ingestion significantly enhanced NK activity compared to the basal levels and to the placebo group. In addition, Biobran/MGN-3 significantly upregulated the expression levels of RIG-1, MDA5, ISG15, and MX1 in the human pulmonary epithelial BEAS-2B cell lines. No side effects were observed. Taken together, Biobran/MGN-3 supplementation enhanced the innate immune response of elderly subjects by upregulating the NK activity associated with reduction of ILI incidence. It also upregulated the intracellular RIG-1, MDA5, ISG15, and MX1 expression in pulmonary epithelial tissue cultures. Biobran/MGN-3 could be a novel agent with prophylactic effects against a wide spectrum of respiratory viral infections that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed F. Elsaid
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Correspondence: or
| | - Sudhanshu Agrawal
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (S.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Anshu Agrawal
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (S.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Mamdooh Ghoneum
- Department of Surgery, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA;
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BOCCALINI SARA, PARIANI ELENA, CALABRÒ GIOVANNAELISA, DE WAURE CHIARA, PANATTO DONATELLA, AMICIZIA DANIELA, LAI PIEROLUIGI, RIZZO CATERINA, AMODIO EMANUELE, VITALE FRANCESCO, CASUCCIO ALESSANDRA, DI PIETRO MARIALUISA, GALLI CRISTINA, BUBBA LAURA, PELLEGRINELLI LAURA, VILLANI LEONARDO, D’AMBROSIO FLORIANA, CAMINITI MARTA, LORENZINI ELISA, FIORETTI PAOLA, MICALE ROSANNATINDARA, FRUMENTO DAVIDE, CANTOVA ELISA, PARENTE FLAVIO, TRENTO GIACOMO, SOTTILE SARA, PUGLIESE ANDREA, BIAMONTE MASSIMILIANOALBERTO, GIORGETTI DUCCIO, MENICACCI MARCO, D’ANNA ANTONIO, AMMOSCATO CLAUDIA, LA GATTA EMANUELE, BECHINI ANGELA, BONANNI PAOLO. [Health Technology Assessment (HTA) of the introduction of influenza vaccination for Italian children with Fluenz Tetra ®]. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2021; 62:E1-E118. [PMID: 34909481 PMCID: PMC8639053 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2021.62.2s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- SARA BOCCALINI
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italia
| | - ELENA PARIANI
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italia
- Centro Interuniversitario per la Ricerca sull'Influenza e le altre Infezioni Trasmissibili CIRI-IT, Italia
| | - GIOVANNA ELISA CALABRÒ
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
- VIHTALI (Value In Health Technology and Academy for Leadership & Innovation), spin off dell’Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - CHIARA DE WAURE
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italia
| | - DONATELLA PANATTO
- Centro Interuniversitario per la Ricerca sull'Influenza e le altre Infezioni Trasmissibili CIRI-IT, Italia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italia
| | - DANIELA AMICIZIA
- Centro Interuniversitario per la Ricerca sull'Influenza e le altre Infezioni Trasmissibili CIRI-IT, Italia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italia
| | - PIERO LUIGI LAI
- Centro Interuniversitario per la Ricerca sull'Influenza e le altre Infezioni Trasmissibili CIRI-IT, Italia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italia
| | - CATERINA RIZZO
- Area Funzionale Percorsi Clinici ed Epidemiologia, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - EMANUELE AMODIO
- Dipartimento Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D'Alessandro”, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italia
| | - FRANCESCO VITALE
- Dipartimento Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D'Alessandro”, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italia
| | - ALESSANDRA CASUCCIO
- Dipartimento Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D'Alessandro”, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italia
| | - MARIA LUISA DI PIETRO
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - CRISTINA GALLI
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italia
| | - LAURA BUBBA
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italia
| | - LAURA PELLEGRINELLI
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italia
| | - LEONARDO VILLANI
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - FLORIANA D’AMBROSIO
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - MARTA CAMINITI
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italia
| | - ELISA LORENZINI
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italia
| | - PAOLA FIORETTI
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italia
| | | | - DAVIDE FRUMENTO
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italia
| | - ELISA CANTOVA
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italia
| | - FLAVIO PARENTE
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italia
| | - GIACOMO TRENTO
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italia
| | - SARA SOTTILE
- Università degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italia
| | | | | | - DUCCIO GIORGETTI
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italia
| | - MARCO MENICACCI
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italia
| | - ANTONIO D’ANNA
- Dipartimento Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D'Alessandro”, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italia
| | - CLAUDIA AMMOSCATO
- Dipartimento Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D'Alessandro”, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italia
| | - EMANUELE LA GATTA
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - ANGELA BECHINI
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italia
| | - PAOLO BONANNI
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italia
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Umuhoza T, Bulimo WD, Oyugi J, Schnabel D, Mancuso JD. Prevalence and factors influencing the distribution of influenza viruses in Kenya: Seven-year hospital-based surveillance of influenza-like illness (2007-2013). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237857. [PMID: 32822390 PMCID: PMC7446924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza viruses remain a global threat with the potential to trigger outbreaks and pandemics. Globally, seasonal influenza viruses’ mortality range from 291 243–645 832 annually, of which 17% occurs in Sub-Saharan Africa. We sought to estimate the overall prevalence of influenza infections in Kenya, identifying factors influencing the distribution of these infections, and describe trends in occurrence from 2007 to 2013. Methods Surveillance was conducted at eight district hospital sites countrywide. Participants who met the case definition for influenza-like illness were enrolled in the surveillance program. The nasopharyngeal specimens were collected from all participants. We tested all specimens for influenza viruses with quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. Bivariate and multivariate log-binomial regression was performed with a statistically significant level of p<0.005. An administrative map of Kenya was used to locate the geographical distribution of surveillance sites in counties. We visualized the monthly trend of influenza viruses with a graph and chart using exponential smoothing at a damping factor of 0.5 over the study period (2007–2013). Results A total of 17446 participants enrolled in the program. The overall prevalence of influenza viruses was 19% (n = 3230), of which 76% (n = 2449) were type A, 21% (n = 669) type B and 3% (n = 112) A/ B coinfection. Of those with type A, 59% (n = 1451) were not subtyped. Seasonal influenza A/H3N2 was found in 48% (n = 475), influenza A/H1N1/pdm 2009 in 43% (n = 434), and seasonal influenza A/ H1N1 in 9% (n = 88) participants. Both genders were represented, whereas a large proportion of participants 55% were ≤1year age. Influenza prevalence was high, 2 times more in other age categories compared to ≤1year age. Category of occupation other than children and school attendees had a high prevalence of influenza virus (p< <0.001). The monthly trends of influenza viruses’ positivity showed no seasonal pattern. Influenza types A and B co-circulated throughout the annual calendar during seven years of the surveillance. Conclusions Influenza viruses circulate year-round and occur among children as well as the adult population in Kenya. Occupational and school-based settings showed a higher prevalence of influenza viruses. There were no regular seasonal patterns for influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Umuhoza
- Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Wallace D. Bulimo
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, United State Army Medical Research Directorate – Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- * E-mail:
| | - Julius Oyugi
- Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - David Schnabel
- US President’s Malaria Initiative, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - James D. Mancuso
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Rivas MJ, Alegretti M, Cóppola L, Ramas V, Chiparelli H, Goñi N. Epidemiology and Genetic Variability of Circulating Influenza B Viruses in Uruguay, 2012-2019. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E591. [PMID: 32325860 PMCID: PMC7232498 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza B viruses (IBV) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality during interpandemic periods in the human population. Two phylogenetically distinct IBV lineages, B/Yamagata and B/Victoria, co-circulate worldwide and they present challenges for vaccine strain selection. Until the present study, there was little information regarding the pattern of the circulating strains of IBV in Uruguay. A subset of positive influenza B samples from influenza-like illness (ILI) outpatients and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) inpatients detected in sentinel hospitals in Uruguay during 2012-2019 were selected. The sequencing of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes showed substitutions at the amino acid level. Phylogenetic analysis reveals the co-circulation of both lineages in almost all seasonal epidemics in Uruguay, and allows recognizing a lineage-level vaccine mismatch in approximately one-third of the seasons studied. The epidemiological results show that the proportion of IBV found in ILI was significantly higher than the observed in SARI cases across different groups of age (9.7% ILI, 3.2% SARI) and patients between 5-14 years constituted the majority (33%) of all influenza B infection (p < 0.05). Interestingly, we found that individuals >25 years were particularly vulnerable to Yamagata lineage infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Rivas
- Centro Nacional de Referencia de Influenza, Unidad de Virología, Departamento de Laboratorios de Salud Pública, Ministerio de Salud, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (M.J.R.); (L.C.); (V.R.); (H.C.)
| | - Miguel Alegretti
- Departamento de Vigilancia en Salud, Ministerio de Salud, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay;
| | - Leticia Cóppola
- Centro Nacional de Referencia de Influenza, Unidad de Virología, Departamento de Laboratorios de Salud Pública, Ministerio de Salud, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (M.J.R.); (L.C.); (V.R.); (H.C.)
| | - Viviana Ramas
- Centro Nacional de Referencia de Influenza, Unidad de Virología, Departamento de Laboratorios de Salud Pública, Ministerio de Salud, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (M.J.R.); (L.C.); (V.R.); (H.C.)
| | - Héctor Chiparelli
- Centro Nacional de Referencia de Influenza, Unidad de Virología, Departamento de Laboratorios de Salud Pública, Ministerio de Salud, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (M.J.R.); (L.C.); (V.R.); (H.C.)
| | - Natalia Goñi
- Centro Nacional de Referencia de Influenza, Unidad de Virología, Departamento de Laboratorios de Salud Pública, Ministerio de Salud, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (M.J.R.); (L.C.); (V.R.); (H.C.)
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Zhao Y, Lu R, Shen J, Xie Z, Liu G, Tan W. Comparison of viral and epidemiological profiles of hospitalized children with severe acute respiratory infection in Beijing and Shanghai, China. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:729. [PMID: 31429710 PMCID: PMC6701130 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4385-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background No comparison data have been reported on viral and epidemiological profiles of hospitalized children with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in Beijing or Shanghai, China. Methods We collected 700 nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) from hospitalized children with SARI in Beijing (northern China) and Shanghai (southern China). Multiple respiratory viruses (including 15 common viruses) were screened by validated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or real-time reverse transcription-PCR assays and confirmed by sequencing. Demographic data and the distribution of viral infections were also examined. Results Of 700 samples, 547 (78.1%) tested positive for viral infections. The picornaviruses (PIC), which included rhinovirus (RV) and enterovirus (EV), were the most common (34.0%), followed by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (28.3%), human bocavirus (HBoV) (19.1%), adenovirus (ADV) (13.7%), human coronaviruses (HCoV) (10.7%), influenza A and B (8.9%), parainfluenza virus (PIV 1–3) (7.9%), and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) (5.0%). PIC (RV/EV) and RSV were the most prevalent etiological agents of SARI in both cities. The total and age-matched prevalence of RSV, HCoV, and hMPV among SARI children under 5 years old were significantly higher in Beijing than in Shanghai. Different age and seasonal distribution patterns of the viral infections were found between Beijing and Shanghai. Conclusions Viral infection was tested and shown to be the most prevalent etiological agent among children with SARI in either the Beijing or the Shanghai area, while showing different patterns of viral and epidemiological profiles. Our findings provide a better understanding of the roles of geographic location and climate in respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children with SARI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Institute of Medical Virology, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 155Changbai Road, Beijing, 102206, Changping District, China
| | - Roujian Lu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 155Changbai Road, Beijing, 102206, Changping District, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengde Xie
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children and National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Gaoshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Institute of Medical Virology, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjie Tan
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Institute of Medical Virology, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China. .,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 155Changbai Road, Beijing, 102206, Changping District, China.
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9
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Dal Negro RW, Zanasi A, Turco P, Povero M. Acute cough in Italian children: parents' beliefs, approach to treatment, and the family impact. Multidiscip Respir Med 2019; 14:16. [PMID: 30988950 PMCID: PMC6448239 DOI: 10.1186/s40248-019-0180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute cough is the most common symptom among children in primary care, but the impact of cough episodes was never investigated in Italian families. METHODS A cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted on a representative sample of Italian families, randomly selected from general population; a specific and validated questionnaire was used. RESULTS The sample (604 calls) was uniform by geographical distribution, and by children age and gender. Mean cough episode was 3.1/year, they were short lasting (only 4.7% > 2 weeks). Independent predictors of children cough episodes were parents' active smoking habit and work (p < 0.05). The mean nursery/school absenteeism was mostly < 7 days, but of a 7-15-day duration in near 30% of cases. The pediatrician was contacted immediately only by 25% of parents and a second consultation (mostly a lung physician) usually occurred after 2-3 weeks of cough. Meanwhile, home/pharmacist suggested remedies were adopted in 50-70% of cases. Usual prescriptions were mucolytics (85.8%), antitussive agents (55.6%), non-steroideal anti-inflammatory drugs (33.8%), antibiotics (regularly or episodically 80%), and corticosteroids (systemic steroids in less than 50%, but via aerosol in more than 80% of cases). Moreover, pediatricians claimed to use homeopathic drugs regularly or episodically in almost 50%. The respondents' willingness to spend out-of-pocket for an "effective remedy" against cough was of € 20 (>€ 30 in 18.4% of cases). CONCLUSIONS Parents' actions against cough episodes were variable, depending on their beliefs, smoking habit, and occupational status. The parents' perceived efficacy of usual prescriptions is poor, and their willingness to pay out-of-pocket for an "effective remedy" against cough is high. The interest for alternative treatments is not negligible in these circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto W. Dal Negro
- National Centre for Respiratory Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Paola Turco
- Research & Clinical Governance, Verona, Italy
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Amaya Santiago HJ, Barbosa J, Saavedra Trujillo CH. Descripción de características demográficas y clínicas de una cohorte pacientes fallecidos por infección respiratoria aguda en Colombia durante los años 2009 a 2013. INFECTIO 2019. [DOI: 10.22354/in.v23i2.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas, demográficas, aislamientos virales y hallazgos de histopatología de individuos que fallecieron por Infección Respiratoria Aguda (IRA) y que fueron notificados al Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS) entre los años 2009 y 2013.Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, basado en la revisión de fichas epidemiológicas y reportes de estudios de virología e histopatología de muestras respiratorias de individuos fallecidos con diagnóstico de IRAResultados: De 1604 personas fallecidas se encontró que, 55% fueron hombres, 46,5% de los individuos tenía entre 20 y 59 años. La RT-PCR fue positiva en 18,3% de los casos, los virus más frecuentes fueron: influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 13,9%, A(H3N3) 1,9% e influenza B 0,5%. La letalidad de IRA fue mayor en los individuos que recibieron antiviral o antibiótico OR 2,80 (IC 95% 2,29 - 3,43) y 3,19 (IC 95% 2,63 – 3,86), respectivamente.Conclusión: El virus influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 fue el principal agente identificado en los casos fatales de IRA confirmada por laboratorio durante los años 2009 a 2013, con mayor letalidad en individuos entre 20 y 59 años; 64,7% de los casos fatales presentaron neumonitis. Se debe aclarar si el inicio de antivirales afecta el pronóstico en los casos graves de IRA.
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Gong YN, Tsao KC, Chen GW. Inferring the global phylodynamics of influenza A/H3N2 viruses in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 2019; 118:116-124. [PMID: 29475785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Influenza A/H3N2 viruses are characterized by highly mutated RNA genomes. In this study, we focused on tracing the phylodynamics of Taiwanese strains over the past four decades. METHODS All Taiwanese H3N2 HA1 sequences and references were downloaded from public database. A Bayesian skyline plot (BSP) and phylogenetic tree were used to analyze the evolutionary history, and Bayesian phylogeographic analysis was applied to predict the spatiotemporal migrations of influenza outbreaks. RESULTS Genetic diversity was found to have peaked near the summer of 2009 in BSP, in addition to the two earlier reported ones in summer of 2005 and 2007. We predicted their spatiotemporal migrations and found the summer epidemic of 2005 from Korea, and 2007 and 2009 from the Western United States. BSP also predicted an elevated genetic diversity in 2015-2017. Quasispecies were found over approximately 20% of the strains included in this time span. In addition, a first-time seen N31S mutation was noted in Taiwan in 2016-2017. CONCLUSION We comprehensively investigated the evolutionary history of Taiwanese strains in 1979-2017. An epidemic caution could thus be raised if genetic diversity was found to have peaked. An example showed a newly-discovered cluster in 2016-2017 strains featuring a mutation N31S together with HA-160 quasispecies. Phylogeographic analysis, moreover, provided useful insights in tracing the possible source and migrations of these epidemics around the world. We demonstrated that Asian destinations including Taiwan were the immediate followers, while U.S. continent was predicted the origin of two summer epidemics in 2007 and 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Nong Gong
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chien Tsao
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Wu Chen
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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12
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Niang MN, Barry MA, Talla C, Mbengue A, Sarr FD, Ba IO, Hedible BG, Ndoye B, Vray M, Dia N. Estimation of the burden of flu-association influenza-like illness visits on total clinic visits through the sentinel influenza monitoring system in Senegal during the 2013-2015 influenza seasons. Epidemiol Infect 2018; 146:2049-2055. [PMID: 30196797 PMCID: PMC6453003 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268818002418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowing the burden of influenza is helpful for policy decisions. Here we estimated the contribution of influenza-like illness (ILI) visits associated with laboratory-confirmed influenza among all clinic visits in a Senegal sentinel network. ILI data from ten sentinel sites were collected from January 2013 to December 2015. ILI was defined as an axillary measured fever of more than 37.5 °C with a cough or a sore throat. Collected nasopharyngeal swabs were tested for influenza viruses by rRT-PCR. Influenza-associated ILI was defined as ILI with laboratory-confirmed influenza. For the influenza disease burden estimation, we used all-case outpatient visits during the study period who sought care at selected sites. Of 4030 ILI outpatients tested, 1022 were influenza positive. The estimated proportional contribution of influenza-associated ILI was, per 100 outpatients, 1.2 (95% CI 1.1-1.3), 0.32 (95% CI 0.28-0.35), 1.11 (95% CI 1.05-1.16) during 2013, 2014, 2015, respectively. The age-specific outpatient visits proportions of influenza-associated ILI were higher among children under 5 years (0.68%, 95% CI: 0.62-0.70). The predominant virus during years 2013 and 2015 was influenza B while A/H3N2 subtype was predominant during 2014. Influenza viruses cause a substantial burden of outpatient visits particularly among children under 5 of age in Senegal and highlight the need of vaccination in risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. N. Niang
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - M. A. Barry
- Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - C. Talla
- Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - A. Mbengue
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - F. D. Sarr
- Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - I. O. Ba
- World Health Organization local office, Dakar, Senegal
| | - B. G. Hedible
- Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - B. Ndoye
- Ministry of Health, Dakar, Senegal
| | - M. Vray
- Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - N. Dia
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
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Dal Negro RW, Turco P, Povero M. Cost of acute cough in Italian children. CLINICOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2018; 10:529-537. [PMID: 30271185 PMCID: PMC6147201 DOI: 10.2147/ceor.s167813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Acute cough is the most common symptom among children in primary care, but the economic impact of cough episodes has never been investigated in Italian families. Materials and methods A cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted on a representative sample of Italian families, randomly selected from general population. Collected data were analyzed to evaluate the economic impact of cough episodes according to, first, Italian Family Perspective and, second, National Health System Perspective (NHS-P). The costs considered in the analysis were the cost of drugs used (antibiotics, corticosteroids, antitussive drugs, and aerosol therapy) and the cost of child care during nursery/school absenteeism. Results Six hundred four valid questionnaires were analyzed: mean age of children is 7 years (SD=3.3) and that of parents is 40 years (SD=6.2). Mean rate of cough episodes was 3.15/year, and in general, they were short lasting (94.6%, <2 weeks). Nursery/school absenteeism was mostly <7 days (63.2%), but almost 30% of respondents declared 7–15 days. The respondents’ willingness to spend out-of-pocket for an “effective remedy” against cough was an average of €20 (>€30 in 19.7% of cases). The overall economic impact on Italian families was estimated as €1,204 (SD=€88); it resulted in a cost per cough episode equal to €337, mainly due to nursery/school absenteeism (94.6%), whereas pharmaceutical expenditure was marginal (5.4%). Conclusion Cough episodes are acute (lasting <1 week, mainly) but frequent, causing a considerable socioeconomic impact. The pharmaceutical costs are in line with parents’ willingness to pay but these costs result negligible when compared to those related to school absenteeism, generally not perceived by parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto W Dal Negro
- National Centre for Respiratory Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Turco
- Research & Clinical Governance, Verona, Italy
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Boccalini S, Bechini A, Innocenti M, Sartor G, Manzi F, Bonanni P, Panatto D, Lai PL, Zangrillo F, Rizzitelli E, Iovine M, Amicizia D, Bini C, Marcellusi A, Mennini FS, Rinaldi A, Trippi F, Ferriero AM, Lisi GC. [The universal influenza vaccination in children with Vaxigrip Tetra ® in Italy: an evaluation of Health Technology Assessment]. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2018; 59:E1-E86. [PMID: 30465031 PMCID: PMC6219245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Boccalini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Firenze
| | - Angela Bechini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Firenze
| | | | - Gino Sartor
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Firenze
| | - Federico Manzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Firenze
| | - Paolo Bonanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Firenze
| | - Donatella Panatto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Genova
| | - Piero Luigi Lai
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Genova
| | | | | | | | - Daniela Amicizia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Genova
| | - Chiara Bini
- Economic Evaluation and HTA (CEIS- EEHTA) - Facoltà di Economia, Università Tor Vergata
| | - Andrea Marcellusi
- Economic Evaluation and HTA (CEIS- EEHTA) - Facoltà di Economia, Università Tor Vergata
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Jennings L, Huang QS, Barr I, Lee PI, Kim WJ, Buchy P, Sanicas M, Mungall BA, Chen J. Literature review of the epidemiology of influenza B disease in 15 countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2018; 12:383-411. [PMID: 29127742 PMCID: PMC5907823 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza control strategies focus on the use of trivalent influenza vaccines containing two influenza A virus subtypes and one of the two circulating influenza type B lineages (Yamagata or Victoria). Mismatches between the vaccine B lineage and the circulating lineage have been regularly documented in many countries, including those in the Asia‐Pacific region. We conducted a literature review with the aim of understanding the relative circulation of influenza B viruses in Asia‐Pacific countries. PubMed and Western Pacific Region Index Medicus were searched for relevant articles on influenza type B published since 1990 in English language for 15 Asia‐Pacific countries. Gray literature was also accessed. From 4834 articles identified, 121 full‐text articles were analyzed. Influenza was reported as an important cause of morbidity in the Asia‐Pacific region, affecting all age groups. In all 15 countries, influenza B was identified and associated with between 0% and 92% of laboratory‐confirmed influenza cases in any one season/year. Influenza type B appeared to cause more illness in children aged between 1 and 10 years than in other age groups. Epidemiological data for the two circulating influenza type B lineages remain limited in several countries in the Asia‐Pacific, although the co‐circulation of both lineages was seen in countries where strain surveillance data were available. Mismatches between circulating B lineages and vaccine strains were observed in all countries with available data. The data suggest that a shift from trivalent to quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccines could provide additional benefits by providing broader protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance Jennings
- Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Qiu Sue Huang
- WHO National Influenza Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Porirua, New Zealand
| | - Ian Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ping-Ing Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Woo Joo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Dal Negro RW, Zanasi A, Turco P, Povero M. Influenza and influenza-like syndromes: the subjects' beliefs, the attitude to prevention and treatment, and the impact in Italian general population. Multidiscip Respir Med 2018. [PMID: 29527305 PMCID: PMC5838986 DOI: 10.1186/s40248-018-0119-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza and influenza-like syndromes (I-LSs) are infectious diseases occurring on a seasonal basis which can lead to upper (URTI) and lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI) of different severity. The approach to these disorders is unfortunately not uniform. Aim of the study was to investigate real-life people beliefs, the attitude to their prevention and treatment, and their impact in general population. Methods A cross-sectional survey via Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI) was carried out using a specific questionnaire investigating influenza episode rates, subjects behavior in case of influenza and I-LSs, and prescribed therapy. Results 1,202 subjects completed the questionnaire: median age was 46, 49% male, 20% active smokers. 57% of respondents experienced at least one episode of influenza or I-LS in the previous 12 months; episodes were usually home-managed, shorter than 2 weeks and more frequent in fall and winter (73% of the total). GP resulted the first health-care option (56%); almost 3% of respondents referred to the emergency room, and hospitalization occurred in 1%. Mucolytics resulted the most prescribed drugs (55%) followed by antibiotics and aerosol therapy (37-38%). Even if more than 70% of subjects considered vaccination essential, only 14% received influenza vaccination yearly and almost 60% had never received vaccination. Approximately 36% of respondents regarded homeopathy (namely Oscillococcinum) as an helpful alternative because of perceived as safer. Conclusions Seasonal prevalence of I-LSs and influenza partially overlap. As virus identification is not a common procedure in daily practice, only a clinical discrimination is possible. Antibiotic prescription is still too high and largely inappropriate. Influenza vaccination is strongly encouraged, but different strategies are also used. Other approaches are receiving increasing attention in general population, and subjects' willingness to spend out-of-pocket for effective remedies is also increasing. The discrepancy between subjects' beliefs and health care actions likely reflects the insufficiency of institutional preventive strategies. In general, the approach to influenza and I-LSs appear variable and highly dependent of subjects' and their GPs' cultural beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto W Dal Negro
- National Centre for Respiratory Pharmacoeconomics & Pharmacoepidemiology, CESFAR, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Paola Turco
- Research & Clinical Governance, Verona, Italy
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Pellegrinelli L, Bubba L, Galli C, Anselmi G, Primache V, Binda S, Pariani E. Epidemiology and molecular characterization of influenza viruses, human parechoviruses and enteroviruses in children up to 5 years with influenza-like illness in Northern Italy during seven consecutive winter seasons (2010–2017). J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2699-2711. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pellegrinelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Carlo Pascal, 36 - 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Bubba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Carlo Pascal, 36 - 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Galli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Carlo Pascal, 36 - 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Anselmi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Carlo Pascal, 36 - 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Primache
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Carlo Pascal, 36 - 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Binda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Carlo Pascal, 36 - 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Pariani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Carlo Pascal, 36 - 20133 Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, CIRI-IT, University of Genoa, Via Antonio Pastore, 1 - 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Ye C, Zhu W, Yu J, Li Z, Fu Y, Lan Y, Lai S, Wang Y, Pan L, Sun Q, Zhao G. Viral pathogens among elderly people with acute respiratory infections in Shanghai, China: Preliminary results from a laboratory-based surveillance, 2012-2015. J Med Virol 2017; 89:1700-1706. [PMID: 27943329 PMCID: PMC7166983 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory infections (ARIs), with viral pathogens as the major contributors, are the most common illnesses worldwide, and increase the morbidity and mortality among the elderly population. The clinical and pathological features of elderly people with ARIs need to be identified for disease intervention. From January 1, 2012 through December 31, 2015, respiratory specimens from patients above 60 years old with ARIs were collected from the outpatient and inpatient settings of six sentinel hospitals in Pudong New Area. Each specimen was tested via multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for eight target viral etiologies including influenza, human rhinovirus (HRV), human para‐influenza virus (PIV), adenovirus (ADV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), human coronavirus (hCoVs), and human bocavirus (hBoV). A total of 967 elderly patients with ARIs were enrolled, including 589 (60.91%) males, and the median age was 73 years old. 306 (31.64%) patients were tested positive for any one of the eight viruses, including 276 single infections and 30 co‐infections. Influenza was the predominant virus (14.17%, 137/967), detected from 21.35% (76/356) of the outpatients and 9.98% (61/611) of the inpatients. Influenza infections presented two annual seasonal peaks during winter and summer. Compared with non‐influenza patients, those with influenza were more likely to have fever, cough, sore throat, and fatigue. This study identified influenza as the leading viral pathogen among elderly with ARIs, and two seasonal epidemic peaks were observed in Shanghai. An influenza vaccination strategy needs to be advocated for the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuchu Ye
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Research Base of Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease in China, CDC, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Zhu
- Research Base of Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease in China, CDC, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxing Yu
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Fu
- Research Base of Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease in China, CDC, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajia Lan
- Research Base of Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease in China, CDC, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengjie Lai
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Yuanping Wang
- Research Base of Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease in China, CDC, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifeng Pan
- Research Base of Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease in China, CDC, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao Sun
- Research Base of Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease in China, CDC, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Genming Zhao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Niang MN, Diop NS, Fall A, Kiori DE, Sarr FD, Sy S, Goudiaby D, Barry MA, Fall M, Dia N. Respiratory viruses in patients with influenza-like illness in Senegal: Focus on human respiratory adenoviruses. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174287. [PMID: 28328944 PMCID: PMC5362214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are highly contagious pathogens that are associated with a wide spectrum of human illnesses involving the respiratory tract. In the present study, we investigate the epidemiologic and viral molecular features of HAdVs circulating in Senegal after 4 consecutive years of sentinel surveillance of influenza-like Illness cases. Methodology and results From January 2012 to December 2015 swabs were collected from consenting ILI outpatients. Adenoviral detection is performed by rRT-PCR with the Anyplex™ II RV16 Detection kit (Seegene) and molecular characterization was performed using a partial hexon gene sequence. 6381 samples were collected. More than half of patients (51.7%; 3297/6381) were children of ≤ 5 years. 1967 (30.8%) were positive for HAdV with 1561 (79.4%) found in co-infection with at least one another respiratory virus. The most common co-detections were with influenza viruses (53.1%; 1045/1967), rhinoviruses (30%; 591/1967), enteroviruses (18.5%; 364/1967) and RSV (13.5%; 266/1967). Children under 5 were the most infected group (62.2%; 1224/1967; p <0.05). We noted that HAdV was detected throughout the year at a high level with detection peaks of different amplitudes without any clear seasonality. Phylogenetic analysis revealed species HAdV-C in majority, species HAdV-B and one HAdV- 4 genome type. The 9 HAdV-B species like strains from Senegal grouped with genome types HAdV-7, HAdV-55 and HAdV-11 as shown by a phylogenetic branch with a high bootstrap value of (88%). Conclusion In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest strong year-round HAdV activity in Senegal, especially in children up to 5 years of age. Molecular studies revealed that the dominant species in circulation in patients with ILI appears to be HAdV-C and HAdV-B species. The circulation of though HAdV-7 and HAdV-55 genome types is of note as these serotypes are recognized causes of more severe and even fatal acute respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ndeye Sokhna Diop
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité de Virologie Médicale, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Amary Fall
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité de Virologie Médicale, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Davy E. Kiori
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité de Virologie Médicale, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Fatoumata Diene Sarr
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d’Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Sara Sy
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité de Virologie Médicale, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Déborah Goudiaby
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité de Virologie Médicale, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Mamadou Aliou Barry
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d’Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Malick Fall
- Département de Biologie Animale Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta DIOP de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ndongo Dia
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité de Virologie Médicale, Dakar, Sénégal
- * E-mail:
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Comparison of Influenza Epidemiological and Virological Characteristics between Outpatients and Inpatients in Zhejiang Province, China, March 2011-June 2015. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14020217. [PMID: 28241447 PMCID: PMC5334771 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Given the rapid rate of global spread and consequently healthcare costs related to influenza, surveillance plays an important role in monitoring the emerging pandemics in China. However, the characteristics of influenza in Southeast of China haven’t been fully studied. Our study use the surveillance data collected from 16 sentinel hospitals across Zhejiang Province during March 2011 through June 2015, including the demographic information and respiratory specimens from influenza-like illness (ILI) patients and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) patients. As analysis results, most SARI and ILI patients were in the age group of 0–4 years old (62.38% of ILI and 71.54% of SARI). The respiratory specimens have statistically significantly higher positive rate for influenza among ILI patients than that among SARI patients (p < 0.001). The comparison between ILI patients and SARI patients shows no statistically significantly difference in detecting influenza virus type and influenza A virus subtype. The SARI and ILI patients were found to be positively correlated for overall positive rate (r = 0.63, p < 0.001), the weekly percentage of A(H1N1)pdm09 (r = 0.51, p < 0.001), influenza B virus (r = 0.17, p = 0.013), and A/H3N2 (r = 0.43, p < 0.001) among all the positive numbers. Our study demonstrated that the activities of influenza virus, including its subtypes, had a similar temporal pattern between ILI and SARI cases.
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Wang D, Chen L, Ding Y, Zhang J, Hua J, Geng Q, Ya X, Zeng S, Wu J, Jiang Y, Zhang T, Zhao G. Viral etiology of medically attended influenza-like illnesses in children less than five years old in Suzhou, China, 2011-2014. J Med Virol 2016; 88:1334-40. [PMID: 26792409 PMCID: PMC7166643 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Limited information is available on the non‐influenza etiology and epidemiology of influenza‐like illness (ILI) in China. From April 2011 to March 2014, we collected oropharyngeal swabs from children less than 5 years of age with symptoms of ILI who presented to the outpatient departments of Suzhou University Affiliated Children's Hospital (SCH). We used reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt‐PCR) or PCR to detect 11 respiratory viruses. Among 3,662 enrolled ILI patients, 1,292 (35.3%) tested positive for at least one virus. Influenza virus (16.9%) was detected most frequently (influenza A 7.4%, influenza B 9.5%), followed by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (5.6%), parainfluenza virus (PIV) types 1–4 (4.8%), human bocavirus (HBoV) (3.8%), human metapneumovirus (HMPV) (3.5%), and adenovirus (ADV) (3.0%). Co‐infections were identified in 108 (2.9%) patients. Influenza virus predominantly circulated in January–March and June–July. The 2013–2014 winter peaks of RSV and influenza overlapped. Compared with other virus positive cases, influenza positive cases were more likely to present with febrile seizure, and RSV positive cases were more likely to present with cough and wheezing, and were most frequently diagnosed with pneumonia. These data provide a better understanding of the viral etiology of ILI among children less than 5 years of age in Suzhou, China. Influenza is not only the most frequently identified pathogen but it is also the only vaccine preventable illness among the 11 pathogens tested. Such findings suggest the potential value of exploring value of influenza vaccination among this influenza vaccination target group. J. Med. Virol. 88:1334–1340, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Liling Chen
- Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou, China
| | - Yunfang Ding
- Suzhou University Affiliated Children's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Hua
- Suzhou University Affiliated Children's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Qian Geng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuerong Ya
- Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanwei Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Genming Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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Sunagawa S, Iha Y, Taira K, Okano S, Kinjo T, Higa F, Kuba K, Tateyama M, Nakamura K, Nakamura S, Motooka D, Horii T, Parrott GL, Fujita J. An Epidemiological Analysis of Summer Influenza Epidemics in Okinawa. Intern Med 2016; 55:3579-3584. [PMID: 27980256 PMCID: PMC5283956 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.55.7107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study evaluates the difference between winter influenza and summer influenza in Okinawa. Methods From January 2007 to June 2014, weekly rapid antigen test (RAT) results performed in four acute care hospitals were collected for the surveillance of regional influenza prevalence in the Naha region of the Okinawa Islands. Results An antigenic data analysis revealed that multiple H1N1 and H3N2 viruses consistently co-circulate in Okinawa, creating synchronized seasonal patterns and a high genetic diversity of influenza A. Additionally, influenza B viruses play a significant role in summer epidemics, almost every year. To further understand influenza epidemics during the summer in Okinawa, we evaluated the full genome sequences of some representative human influenza A and influenza B viruses isolated in Okinawa. Phylogenetic data analysis also revealed that multiple H1N1 and H3N2 viruses consistently co-circulate in Okinawa. Conclusion This surveillance revealed a distinct epidemic pattern of seasonal and pandemic influenza in this subtropical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Sunagawa
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
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