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Kumar S, Pallin M, Soldatos G. Codevelopment of a model of care for adults living with cystic fibrosis-related diabetes. Pediatr Pulmonol 2024. [PMID: 38712766 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.27047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) related diabetes affects up to half of all adults with CF and is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Our aim is to codevelop an ideal model of care that integrates diabetes technology and better meets the needs of adults living with the condition to improve attendance, engagement, service satisfaction, and clinical outcomes. METHODS Using qualitative research methods, we evaluated disease perceptions, barriers, and enablers to optimal CF-related diabetes management and service delivery. Integration of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was also explored. An initial broad purposive consumer survey was followed by focus groups with end-users. Grounded theory approach was utilized with major problem areas identified then explored, coded, and grouped into requisites for an "ideal model of care" for adults living with CF-related diabetes. RESULTS Two key themes emerged (i) an ideal model of care consisted of a dual-specialty service co-led by endocrinology and CF physicians and supported by diabetes educator and CF dietitian with a goal to provide consistent and personalized diabetes management and (ii) CGM was acceptable for use in adults with CF-related diabetes with many perceived benefits and should be integrated into the model of care. Barriers to optimizing glycemic control included diet, finger-prick testing, reduced access to CGM, and pulmonary exacerbations. End-user feedback on CGM was overwhelmingly positive with regard to operability. CGM was also identified as a tool that could be used to engage, educate, and empower adults living with CF-related diabetes and facilitate constructive and personalized clinical decision-making by healthcare providers. CONCLUSION For adults living with CF, a diagnosis of diabetes is associated with increased treatment burden. Our findings suggest an "ideal model of care" for CF-related diabetes would be co-led by endocrinology services integrated within a pre-existing CF service, incorporating CGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanal Kumar
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Pallin
- Monash Lung and Sleep, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georgia Soldatos
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Investigation of the Mechanism and Chemistry Underlying Staphylococcus aureus ' Ability to Inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa Growth In Vitro. J Bacteriol 2022; 204:e0017422. [PMID: 36218351 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00174-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa inhibits or eradicates Staphylococcus aureus in most in vitro settings. Nonetheless, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus are commonly isolated from chronically infected, nonhealing wounds and lungs of people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Therefore, we hypothesized that S. aureus could protect itself from P. aeruginosa through glucose-derived metabolites, such as small organic acids, preventing it from being eradicated. This in vitro study demonstrated that S. aureus populations, in the presence of glucose, secrete one or more substances that efficiently eradicate P. aeruginosa in a concentration-dependent manner. These substances had a molecular mass lower than three kDa, were hydrophilic, heat- and proteinase-resistant, and demonstrated a pH-dependent effect. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis identified acetoin, acetic acid, and oligopeptides or cyclic peptides in glucose-grown S. aureus supernatants. All the tested wild-type and clinical S. aureus strain inhibited P. aeruginosa growth. Thus, we proposed a model in which a cocktail of these compounds, produced by established S. aureus populations in glucose presence, facilitated these two species' coexistence in chronic infections. IMPORTANCE Chronic infections affect a growing part of the population and are associated with high societal and personal costs. Multiple bacterial species are often present in these infections, and multispecies infections are considered more severe than single-species infections. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa often coexist in chronic infections. However, the interactions between these two species and their coexistence in chronic infections are not fully understood. By exploring in vitro interactions, we found a novel S. aureus-mediated inhibition of P. aeruginosa, and we suggested a model of the coexistence of the two species in chronic infections. With this study, we enhanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic multispecies infections, which is crucial to paving the way for developing improved treatment strategies.
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Auxological and Endocrinological Features in Children and Adolescents with Cystic Fibrosis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144041. [PMID: 35887806 PMCID: PMC9323690 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations that lead to deficient or dysfunctional CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) proteins. Patients typically present malnutrition resulting from the malabsorption of fundamental nutrients and recurring lung infections, with a progressive worsening of the respiratory function. For these reasons, the clinical management of CF requires a multidisciplinary team. From an endocrinological point of view, patients often present major complications, such as diabetes, bone disease, thyroid disorders, delayed growth and puberty, hypogonadism and infertility, which negatively affect their quality of life and, in some cases, significantly reduce life expectancy. These complications can arise as a direct result of CFTR dysfunction and/or as a consequence of a deterioration in the function of the organs affected. The objective of this review is to analyze all the possible endocrinological complications that can occur in patients with CF by evaluating the most recent papers in the literature.
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Boudet A, Sorlin P, Pouget C, Chiron R, Lavigne JP, Dunyach-Remy C, Marchandin H. Biofilm Formation in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated in Cystic Fibrosis Patients Is Strain-Dependent and Differentially Influenced by Antibiotics. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:750489. [PMID: 34721354 PMCID: PMC8554194 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.750489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease with lung abnormalities making patients particularly predisposed to pulmonary infections. Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequently identified pathogen, and multidrug-resistant strains (MRSA, methicillin-resistant S. aureus) have been associated with more severe lung dysfunction leading to eradication recommendations. Diverse bacterial traits and adaptive skills, including biofilm formation, may, however, make antimicrobial therapy challenging. In this context, we compared the ability of a collection of genotyped MRSA isolates from CF patients to form biofilm with and without antibiotics (ceftaroline, ceftobiprole, linezolid, trimethoprim, and rifampicin). Our study used standardized approaches not previously applied to CF MRSA, the BioFilm Ring test® (BRT®), the Antibiofilmogram®, and the BioFlux™ 200 system which were adapted for use with the artificial sputum medium (ASM) mimicking conditions more relevant to the CF lung. We included 63 strains of 10 multilocus sequence types (STs) isolated from 35 CF patients, 16 of whom had chronic colonization. The BRT® showed that 27% of the strains isolated in 37% of the patients were strong biofilm producers. The Antibiofilmogram® performed on these strains showed that broad-spectrum cephalosporins had the lowest minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations (bMIC) on a majority of strains. A focus on four chronically colonized patients with inclusion of successively isolated strains showed that ceftaroline, ceftobiprole, and/or linezolid bMICs may remain below the resistance thresholds over time. Studying the dynamics of biofilm formation by strains isolated 3years apart in one of these patients using BioFlux™ 200 showed that inhibition of biofilm formation was observed for up to 36h of exposure to bMIC and ceftaroline and ceftobiprole had a significantly greater effect than linezolid. This study has brought new insights into the behavior of CF MRSA which has been little studied for its ability to form biofilm. Biofilm formation is a common characteristic of prevalent MRSA clones in CF. Early biofilm formation was strain-dependent, even within a sample, and not only observed during chronic colonization. Ceftaroline and ceftobiprole showed a remarkable activity with a long-lasting inhibitory effect on biofilm formation and a conserved activity on certain strains adapted to the CF lung environment after years of colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Boudet
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, Université de Montpellier, Service de Microbiologie et Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Pauline Sorlin
- HydroSciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Département de Microbiologie, CHU de Nîmes, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Raphaël Chiron
- HydroSciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Lavigne
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, Université de Montpellier, Service de Microbiologie et Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Catherine Dunyach-Remy
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, Université de Montpellier, Service de Microbiologie et Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Hélène Marchandin
- HydroSciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Département de Microbiologie, CHU de Nîmes, Montpellier, France
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Mozzillo E, Franceschi R, Piona C, Passanisi S, Casertano A, Pjetraj D, Maltoni G, Calcaterra V, Cauvin V, Cherubini V, D’Annunzio G, Franzese A, Frongia AP, Lombardo F, Lo Presti D, Matteoli MC, Piccinno E, Predieri B, Rabbone I, Scaramuzza AE, Toni S, Zucchini S, Maffeis C, Schiaffini R. Diabetes and Prediabetes in Children With Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Recommendations of the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (ISPED). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:673539. [PMID: 34017312 PMCID: PMC8130616 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.673539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD) is a comorbidity of cystic fibrosis (CF) that negatively impacts on its clinical course. Prediabetes is an important predictor of either CFRD development and unfavorable prognosis of CF in both pediatric and adult patients. International guidelines recommend insulin only in case of CFRD diagnosis. Whether early detection and treatment of prediabetes may contribute to improve the clinical course of CF is still debated. A subgroup of pediatric diabetologists of the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (ISPED) performed a systematic review of the literature based on predefined outcomes: impact of pre-diabetes on clinical outcomes and on the risk of developing CFRD; diagnosis of diabetes and pre-diabetes under 10 years of age; effectiveness of therapy on glycemic control, impact of therapy on pulmonary function and nutritional status. Thirty-one papers were selected for the analysis data presented in these papers were reported in tables sorted by outcomes, including comprehensive evidence grading according to the GRADE approach. Following the grading of the quality of the evidence, the entire ISPED diabetes study group achieved consensus for the Italian recommendations based on both evidence and clinical experience. We concluded that in patients with CF, prediabetes should be carefully considered as it can evolve into CFRD. In patients with CF and prediabetic conditions, after complete evaluation of the OGTT trend, glucometrics, glycemic values measured during pulmonary exacerbations and/or steroid therapy, early initiation of insulin therapy could have beneficial effects on clinical outcomes of patients with CF and prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enza Mozzillo
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, Regional Center of Pediatric Diabetes, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Enza Mozzillo, ; Roberto Franceschi, ; Riccardo Schiaffini,
| | - Roberto Franceschi
- Pediatric Unit, S. Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
- *Correspondence: Enza Mozzillo, ; Roberto Franceschi, ; Riccardo Schiaffini,
| | - Claudia Piona
- Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Passanisi
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alberto Casertano
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, Regional Center of Pediatric Diabetes, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Dorina Pjetraj
- SOD Pediatric Diabetology, Department of Women’s and Children’s, “G. Salesi” Children’s Hospital, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulio Maltoni
- Department of Woman, Child and Urological Diseases, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- University of Pavia, Pavia and Department of Pediatrics, "Vittore Buzzi" Children’s Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Valentino Cherubini
- SOD Pediatric Diabetology, Department of Women’s and Children’s, “G. Salesi” Children’s Hospital, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Adriana Franzese
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, Regional Center of Pediatric Diabetes, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Fortunato Lombardo
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Donatella Lo Presti
- Centro di Riferimento Regionale di Diabetologia Pediatrica A.O.U. Policlinico G. Rodolico, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Elvira Piccinno
- D.A.I. Pediatria, Ospedale Pediatrico Giovanni XXIII, Bari, Italy
| | - Barbara Predieri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults - Pediatric Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Ivana Rabbone
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Science, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Sonia Toni
- Pediatric Diabetology Unit, Meyer Children Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Zucchini
- Department of Woman, Child and Urological Diseases, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Maffeis
- Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Riccardo Schiaffini
- Diabetes Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Enza Mozzillo, ; Roberto Franceschi, ; Riccardo Schiaffini,
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Nielsen BU, Kolpen M, Jensen PØ, Katzenstein T, Pressler T, Ritz C, Mathiesen IHM, Faurholt-Jepsen D. Neutrophil count in sputum is associated with increased sputum glucose and sputum L-lactate in cystic fibrosis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238524. [PMID: 32915806 PMCID: PMC7485830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Markers of lung inflammation measured directly in expectorated sputum have the potential of improving the timing of antibiotic treatment in cystic fibrosis (CF). L-Lactate might be a marker of inflammation, as it is produced from glucose by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in CF lungs. We aimed to investigate changes in and associations between PMNs, glucose and L-lactate in sputum during antibiotic treatment. In addition, the effect of hemoglobin A1c and plasma glucose on these biomarkers were investigated. METHODS We sampled non-induced sputum at day 0, 7, 14 and 42 in 27 chronically infected CF patients electively treated with 14 days of intravenous antibiotic. To analyze sputum samples, we used flowcytometry to count PMNs and colorimetric assays to estimate lactate and glucose. RESULTS No changes in levels of PMNs, glucose and lactate were detected in sputum during the antibiotic treatment. Sputum PMNs were positively associated with both glucose (log coefficient = 0.20, p = 0.01) and L-lactate (log coefficient = 0.34, p<0.001). In multivariate analyses, hemoglobin A1c was negatively associated with sputum PMNs (log coefficient = -1.68, p<0.001) and plasma glucose was negatively associated with sputum glucose (log coefficient = -0.09, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS In CF sputum PMNs, glucose and lactate were unchanged during elective antibiotic treatment. However, sputum PMNs were associated with both sputum glucose and sputum lactate. Surprisingly, hyperglycemia seemed to be associated with less PMNs infiltration and less glucose in CF sputum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Uhre Nielsen
- Cystic Fibrosis Centre Copenhagen, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Mette Kolpen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Østrup Jensen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Terese Katzenstein
- Cystic Fibrosis Centre Copenhagen, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tacjana Pressler
- Cystic Fibrosis Centre Copenhagen, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Ritz
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Inger Hee Mabuza Mathiesen
- Cystic Fibrosis Centre Copenhagen, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Faurholt-Jepsen
- Cystic Fibrosis Centre Copenhagen, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Characterisation of the Major Extracellular Proteases of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Their Effects on Pulmonary Antiproteases. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8030092. [PMID: 31261656 PMCID: PMC6789491 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8030092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging global opportunistic pathogen that has been appearing with increasing prevalence in cystic fibrosis (CF). A secreted protease from S. maltophilia has been reported as its chief potential virulence factor. Here, using the reference clinical strain S. maltophilia K279a, the major secreted proteases were identified. Protein biochemistry and mass spectrometry were carried out on K279a culture supernatant. The effect of K279a culture supernatant on cleavage and anti-neutrophil elastase activity of the three majors pulmonary antiproteases was quantified. A deletion mutant of S. maltophilia lacking expression of a protease was constructed. The serine proteases StmPR1, StmPR2 and StmPR3, in addition to chitinase A and an outer membrane esterase were identified in culture supernatants. Protease activity was incompletely abrogated in a K279a-ΔStmPR1: Erm mutant. Wild type K279a culture supernatant degraded alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), secretory leucoprotease inhibitor (SLPI) and elafin, important components of the lung’s innate immune defences. Meanwhile SLPI and elafin, but not AAT, retained their ability to inhibit neutrophil elastase. StmPR3 together with StmPR1 and StmPR2, is likely to contribute to protease-mediated innate immune dysfunction in CF.
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8
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Zemke AC, Nouraie SM, Moore J, Gaston JR, Rowan NR, Pilewski JM, Bomberger JM, Lee SE. Clinical predictors of cystic fibrosis chronic rhinosinusitis severity. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2019; 9:759-765. [PMID: 31162888 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a significant manifestation of cystic fibrosis (CF) with wide-ranging symptom and disease severity. The goal of the study was to determine clinical variables that correlate with outcome measures of disease severity. METHODS A prospective, longitudinal, observational study of 33 adults with symptomatic CRS treated in a CF-focused otolaryngology clinic was performed. Symptom severity, the presence of rhinosinusitis exacerbations, and endoscopic appearance were assessed, and regression analysis was used to determine clinical predictors of disease outcome. RESULTS Thirty-three adults with CF-CRS were included in the study and followed for a mean of 15 months. Rhinosinusitis exacerbations occurred in 61% of participants during the study, and female sex increased the odds of presenting with an exacerbation visit. Sinus disease exacerbations were associated with an odds ratio of 2.07 for presenting with a pulmonary exacerbation at the next visit. CF-related diabetes was found to be associated with worse symptoms and endoscopic appearance. Infection with Staphylococcus aureus predicted worsening of symptoms, whereas infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa improved over time. Allergic rhinitis was associated with worse endoscopic appearance, and nasal steroid use was associated with improved endoscopic appearance. CONCLUSION Sex, CF-related diabetes, sinonasal infection status, allergic rhinitis, and nasal steroid use may all modulate severity of CF-CRS in adults. Sinusitis exacerbation may be a precursor to pulmonary exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Zemke
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Seyed Mehdi Nouraie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - John Moore
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jordan R Gaston
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nicholas R Rowan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Joseph M Pilewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jennifer M Bomberger
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Stella E Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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9
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Kelsey R, Manderson Koivula FN, McClenaghan NH, Kelly C. Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Challenges. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND DIABETES 2019; 12:1179551419851770. [PMID: 31191067 PMCID: PMC6539575 DOI: 10.1177/1179551419851770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis–related diabetes (CFRD) is among the most common extrapulmonary co-morbidity associated with cystic fibrosis (CF), affecting an estimated 50% of adults with the condition. Cystic fibrosis is prevalent in 1 in every 2500 Caucasian live births and is caused by a mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Mutated CFTR leads to dehydrated epithelial surfaces and a build-up of mucus in a variety of tissues including the lungs and pancreas. The leading cause of mortality in CF is repeated respiratory bacterial infections, which prompts a decline in lung function. Co-morbid diabetes promotes bacterial colonisation of the airways and exacerbates the deterioration in respiratory health. Cystic fibrosis–related diabetes is associated with a 6-fold higher mortality rate compared with those with CF alone. The management of CFRD adds a further burden for the patient and creates new therapeutic challenges for the clinical team. Several proposed hypotheses on how CFRD develops have emerged, including exocrine-driven fibrosis and destruction of the entire pancreas and contrasting theories on the direct or indirect impact of CFTR mutation on islet function. The current review outlines recent data on the impact of CFTR on endocrine pancreatic function and discusses the use of conventional diabetic therapies and new CFTR-correcting drugs on the treatment of CFRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Kelsey
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Derry/Londonderry, UK
| | - Fiona N Manderson Koivula
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Derry/Londonderry, UK
| | | | - Catriona Kelly
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Derry/Londonderry, UK
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10
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Frost F, Dyce P, Ochota A, Pandya S, Clarke T, Walshaw MJ, Nazareth DS. Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes: optimizing care with a multidisciplinary approach. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:545-552. [PMID: 31118718 PMCID: PMC6499442 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s180597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is a common complication of cystic fibrosis and can be present in over 50% of adults with the disease. CFRD is associated with poorer clinical outcomes, including accelerated pulmonary function decline and excess morbidity. The management of CFRD is complex and differs from that of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus such that clinicians responsible for the care of people with CFRD must work closely with colleagues across a number of different specialities and disciplines. This review aims to discuss why a multi-disciplinary approach is important and how it can be harnessed to optimize the care of people with CFRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Frost
- Respiratory Medicine, Adult CF Centre, Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, LiverpoolL14 3PE, UK
| | - Paula Dyce
- Cystic Fibrosis Related Diabetes Service, Adult CF Centre, Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, LiverpoolL14 3PE, UK
| | - Alicja Ochota
- Adult CF Centre, Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, L14 3PE, UK
| | - Sejal Pandya
- Adult CF Centre, Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, L14 3PE, UK
| | - Thomas Clarke
- Adult CF Centre, Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, L14 3PE, UK
| | - Martin J Walshaw
- Respiratory Medicine, Adult CF Centre, Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, LiverpoolL14 3PE, UK
| | - Dilip S Nazareth
- Respiratory Medicine, Adult CF Centre, Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, LiverpoolL14 3PE, UK
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11
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Mallia P, Webber J, Gill SK, Trujillo-Torralbo MB, Calderazzo MA, Finney L, Bakhsoliani E, Farne H, Singanayagam A, Footitt J, Hewitt R, Kebadze T, Aniscenko J, Padmanaban V, Molyneaux PL, Adcock IM, Barnes PJ, Ito K, Elkin SL, Kon OM, Cookson WO, Moffat MF, Johnston SL, Tregoning JS. Role of airway glucose in bacterial infections in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:815-823.e6. [PMID: 29310905 PMCID: PMC6127032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have increased susceptibility to respiratory tract infection, which contributes to disease progression and mortality, but mechanisms of increased susceptibility to infection remain unclear. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine whether glucose concentrations were increased in airway samples (nasal lavage fluid, sputum, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) from patients with stable COPD and to determine the effects of viral infection on sputum glucose concentrations and how airway glucose concentrations relate to bacterial infection. METHODS We measured glucose concentrations in airway samples collected from patients with stable COPD and smokers and nonsmokers with normal lung function. Glucose concentrations were measured in patients with experimentally induced COPD exacerbations, and these results were validated in patients with naturally acquired COPD exacerbations. Relationships between sputum glucose concentrations, inflammatory markers, and bacterial load were examined. RESULTS Sputum glucose concentrations were significantly higher in patients with stable COPD compared with those in control subjects without COPD. In both experimental virus-induced and naturally acquired COPD exacerbations, sputum and nasal lavage fluid glucose concentrations were increased over baseline values. There were significant correlations between sputum glucose concentrations and sputum inflammatory markers, viral load, and bacterial load. Airway samples with higher glucose concentrations supported more Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Airway glucose concentrations are increased in patients with stable COPD and further increased during COPD exacerbations. Increased airway glucose concentrations might contribute to bacterial infections in both patients with stable and those with exacerbated COPD. This has important implications for the development of nonantibiotic therapeutic strategies for the prevention or treatment of bacterial infection in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Mallia
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Imperial College Healthcare, National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Webber
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, UHW Main Building Heath Park Cardiff, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Simren K Gill
- Mucosal Infection and Immunity Group, Section of Virology, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Maria Adelaide Calderazzo
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lydia Finney
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eteri Bakhsoliani
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hugo Farne
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aran Singanayagam
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Imperial College Healthcare, National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Footitt
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Hewitt
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tatiana Kebadze
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Aniscenko
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vijay Padmanaban
- Imperial College Healthcare, National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip L Molyneaux
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Barnes
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kazihuro Ito
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L Elkin
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Imperial College Healthcare, National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Onn Min Kon
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Imperial College Healthcare, National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - William O Cookson
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam F Moffat
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian L Johnston
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Imperial College Healthcare, National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - John S Tregoning
- Mucosal Infection and Immunity Group, Section of Virology, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom.
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12
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Lehoux Dubois C, Boudreau V, Tremblay F, Lavoie A, Berthiaume Y, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Coriati A. Association between glucose intolerance and bacterial colonisation in an adult population with cystic fibrosis, emergence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. J Cyst Fibros 2017; 16:418-424. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Molina SA, Moriarty HK, Infield DT, Imhoff BR, Vance RJ, Kim AH, Hansen JM, Hunt WR, Koval M, McCarty NA. Insulin signaling via the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway regulates airway glucose uptake and barrier function in a CFTR-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 312:L688-L702. [PMID: 28213469 PMCID: PMC5451595 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00364.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes is the most common comorbidity associated with cystic fibrosis (CF) and correlates with increased rates of lung function decline. Because glucose is a nutrient present in the airways of patients with bacterial airway infections and because insulin controls glucose metabolism, the effect of insulin on CF airway epithelia was investigated to determine the role of insulin receptors and glucose transport in regulating glucose availability in the airway. The response to insulin by human airway epithelial cells was characterized by quantitative PCR, immunoblot, immunofluorescence, and glucose uptake assays. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activity were analyzed by pharmacological and immunoblot assays. We found that normal human primary airway epithelial cells expressed glucose transporter 4 and that application of insulin stimulated cytochalasin B-inhibitable glucose uptake, consistent with a requirement for glucose transporter translocation. Application of insulin to normal primary human airway epithelial cells promoted airway barrier function as demonstrated by increased transepithelial electrical resistance and decreased paracellular flux of small molecules. This provides the first demonstration that airway cells express insulin-regulated glucose transporters that act in concert with tight junctions to form an airway glucose barrier. However, insulin failed to increase glucose uptake or decrease paracellular flux of small molecules in human airway epithelia expressing F508del-CFTR. Insulin stimulation of Akt1 and Akt2 signaling in CF airway cells was diminished compared with that observed in airway cells expressing wild-type CFTR. These results indicate that the airway glucose barrier is regulated by insulin and is dysfunctional in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Molina
- Emory+Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia;
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hannah K Moriarty
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Daniel T Infield
- Emory+Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy & Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Barry R Imhoff
- Emory+Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy & Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Rachel J Vance
- Emory+Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Agnes H Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jason M Hansen
- Emory+Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - William R Hunt
- Emory+Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael Koval
- Emory+Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nael A McCarty
- Emory+Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy & Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and
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14
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Belle-van Meerkerk G, de Valk HW, Stam-Slob MC, Teding van Berkhout F, Zanen P, van de Graaf EA. Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes with strict glycaemic control is not associated with frequent intravenous antibiotics use for pulmonary infections. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2016; 116:230-6. [PMID: 27321340 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Pulmonary infections are more frequent in and associated with higher mortality in Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes (CFRD) patients compared to CF patients without CFRD. Hyperglycaemia can lead to a higher vulnerability for infections. Aim of the study was to test whether the infection rate in well-controlled CFRD patients was similar to that in CF patients without CFRD. METHODS This is a retrospective six-year cohort analysis on a consecutive series of 138 CF patients. They were categorized in two groups with CFRD or without CFRD. Pulmonary infection frequency was defined as the number of intravenous (IV) antibiotic treatments. Clinical factors associated with infection frequency were collected. RESULTS CFRD was diagnosed in 54 (39%) CF patients of whom 44 (81%) achieved target value for glycaemic control (HbA1c 7.0% (⩽53mmol/mol)). Median frequency of IV antibiotics was 0 without CFRD and 3 episodes in patients with CFRD (rate ratio (RR) 2.9 (95% CI 1.6-5.2)). Multivariate analysis showed that frequency of IV antibiotics was significantly related to Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization (RR 3.7) and lower lung function at baseline (RR 0.97) but not to CFRD by itself. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort with overall strict glycaemic control, the frequency of IV antibiotics use was related to chronic infection and impaired lung function at baseline, but not to CFRD by itself. Although this study in itself does not prove beneficial effect of strict glycaemic control, it does emphasize the potential role of glycaemic control on infection frequency in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Belle-van Meerkerk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - H W de Valk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M C Stam-Slob
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F Teding van Berkhout
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P Zanen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E A van de Graaf
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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