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Silva RC, Buzzá HH, Ducas ESA, Oliveira KT, Bagnato VS, Souza GRL, Almeida LM, Gonçalves PJ. Synergic vascular photodynamic activity by methylene blue-curcumin supramolecular assembly. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 303:123281. [PMID: 37625276 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
A supramolecular assembly was obtained by combining methylene blue (MB) with a natural plant extract, curcumin (Curc), in a stoichiometric ratio of 1:4 in aqueous solution (90% PBS + 10% ethanol) at room temperature. The MB-Curc supramolecular assembly was evidenced by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies, and the stoichiometry and bonding constant were obtained using Cieleńs model. Its stability and photostability were evaluated by chromatographic analysis and UV-Vis absorption. The MB-Curc avoids the aggregation of both isolated compounds and efficiently produces singlet oxygen (ΦΔ= 0.52 ± 0.03). Its potential for photodynamic antiangiogenic treatments was evaluated through the vascular effect observed in chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The results showed intense damage in CAM vascular network by MB-Curc after irradiation, which is higher than the effect of isolated compounds, indicating a synergistic vascular effect. This combination can be essential to prevent cancer revascularization after photodynamic application and improve the efficacy of this approach. The characteristics exhibited by MB-Curc make it a potential candidate for use in cancer treatments through photodynamic antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo C Silva
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Hilde H Buzzá
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo (IFSC, USP), São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eli S A Ducas
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Kleber T Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei S Bagnato
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo (IFSC, USP), São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Hagler Fellow, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States
| | - Guilherme R L Souza
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Luciane M Almeida
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG), Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Anápolis, GO, Brazil
| | - Pablo J Gonçalves
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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2
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Costa-Orlandi CB, Bila NM, Bonatti JLC, Vaso CO, Santos MB, Polaquini CR, Santoni Biasioli MM, Herculano RD, Regasini LO, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Membranolytic Activity Profile of Nonyl 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate: A New Anti-Biofilm Compound for the Treatment of Dermatophytosis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051402. [PMID: 37242644 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of dermatophytes to live in communities and resist antifungal drugs may explain treatment recurrence, especially in onychomycosis. Therefore, new molecules with reduced toxicity that target dermatophyte biofilms should be investigated. This study evaluated nonyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (nonyl) susceptibility and mechanism of action on planktonic cells and biofilms of T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes. Metabolic activities, ergosterol, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified, and the expression of genes encoding ergosterol was determined by real-time PCR. The effects on the biofilm structure were visualized using confocal electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes biofilms were susceptible to nonyl and resistant to fluconazole, griseofulvin (all strains), and terbinafine (two strains). The SEM results revealed that nonyl groups seriously damaged the biofilms, whereas synthetic drugs caused little or no damage and, in some cases, stimulated the development of resistance structures. Confocal microscopy showed a drastic reduction in biofilm thickness, and transmission electron microscopy results indicated that the compound promoted the derangement and formation of pores in the plasma membrane. Biochemical and molecular assays indicated that fungal membrane ergosterol is a nonyl target. These findings show that nonyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate is a promising antifungal compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline B Costa-Orlandi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Níura M Bila
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
- Department of Para-Clinic, School of Veterinary, Eduardo Modlane University (UEM), Maputo 257, Mozambique
| | - Jean Lucas C Bonatti
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina O Vaso
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana B Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Polaquini
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana M Santoni Biasioli
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Rondinelli D Herculano
- Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis O Regasini
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria José S Mendes-Giannini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
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3
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Gazolla PAR, de Aguiar AR, Costa MCA, Oliveira OV, Costa AV, da Silva CM, do Nascimento CJ, Junker J, Ferreira RS, de Oliveira FM, Vaz BG, do Carmo PHF, Santos DA, Ferreira MMC, Teixeira RR. Synthesis of vanillin derivatives with 1,2,3-triazole fragments and evaluation of their fungicide and fungistatic activities. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023:e202200653. [PMID: 36922908 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Vanillin is the main component of natural vanilla extract and is responsible for its flavoring properties. Besides its well-known applications as an additive in food and cosmetics, it has also been reported that vanillin can inhibit fungi of clinical interest, such as Candida spp., Cryptococcus spp., Aspergillus spp., as well as dermatophytes. Thus, the present work approaches the synthesis of a series of vanillin derivatives with 1,2,3-triazole fragments and the evaluation of their antifungal activities against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcus gattii, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton interdigitale strains. Twenty-two vanillin derivatives were obtained, with yields in the range of 60%-91%, from copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) click reaction between two terminal alkynes prepared from vanillin and different benzyl azides. In general, the evaluated compounds showed moderate activity against the microorganisms tested, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 32 to >512 µg mL-1 . Except for compound 3b against the C. gattii R265 strain, all vanillin derivatives showed fungicidal activity for the yeasts tested. The predicted physicochemical and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) properties for the compounds indicated favorable profiles for drug development. In addition, a four-dimensional structure-activity relationship (4D-SAR) analysis was carried out and provided useful insights concerning the structures of the compounds and their biological profile. Finally, molecular docking calculations showed that all compounds bind favorably at the lanosterol 14α-demethylase enzyme active site with binding energies ranging from -9.1 to -12.2 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poliana A R Gazolla
- Departamento de Química, Grupo de Síntese e Pesquisa de Compostos Bioativos (GSPCB), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alex R de Aguiar
- Departamento de Química, Grupo de Síntese e Pesquisa de Compostos Bioativos (GSPCB), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria C A Costa
- Laboratório de Quimiometria Teórica e Aplicada (LQTA), Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, São Paulo, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Osmair V Oliveira
- Instituto Federal de São Paulo - Campus Catanduva, São Paulo, Catanduva, Brazil
| | - Adilson V Costa
- Departamento de Química e Física, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Cleiton M da Silva
- Departmento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Claudia J do Nascimento
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biociências, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jochen Junker
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/CDTS, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafaela S Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabrício M de Oliveira
- Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais (IFMG), Campus Ouro Branco, Ouro Branco, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Boniek G Vaz
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Paulo H F do Carmo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Márcia M C Ferreira
- Laboratório de Quimiometria Teórica e Aplicada (LQTA), Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, São Paulo, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Róbson R Teixeira
- Departamento de Química, Grupo de Síntese e Pesquisa de Compostos Bioativos (GSPCB), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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4
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Zhang R, Zhao J, Li L. Metabolic phenotype analysis of Trichophyton rubrum after laser irradiation. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:24. [PMID: 36681800 PMCID: PMC9862980 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02759-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological phenotypes are important characteristics of microorganisms, and often reflect their genotype and genotype changes. Traditionally, Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum) phenotypes were detected using carbon source assimilation tests, during which the types of tested substances are limited. In addition, the operation is complicated, and only one substance can be tested at once. To observe the changes of the metabolic phenotype of T. rubrum after laser irradiation, a high-throughput phenotype microarray system was used to analyze the metabolism of different carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur source substrates in a Biolog metabolic phenotyping system. RESULTS The strain of T. rubrum used in this study can effectively utilize 33 carbon, 20 nitrogen, 16 phosphorus, and 13 sulfur source substrates prior to laser irradiation. After laser irradiation, the strain was able to utilize 10 carbon, 12 nitrogen, 12 phosphorus, and 8 sulfur source substrates. The degree of utilization was significantly decreased compared with the control. Both groups efficiently utilized saccharides and organic acids as carbon sources as well as some amino acids as nitrogen sources for growth. The number of substrates utilized by T. rubrum after laser irradiation were significantly reduced, especially carbon substrates. Some substrates utilization degree in the laser treated group was higher than control, such as D-glucosamine, L-glutamine, D-2-Phospho-Glyceric Acid, D-glucosamine-6-phosphate, and D-methionine. CONCLUSION Laser irradiation of T. rubrum may lead to changes in the metabolic substrate and metabolic pathway, thus weakening the activity of the strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruina Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Junying Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, 100050, Beijing, China.
| | - Linfeng Li
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, 100050, Beijing, China.
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Tonon CC, Panariello B, Chorilli M, Spolidorio DMP, Duarte S. Effect of curcumin-loaded photoactivatable polymeric nanoparticle on peri-implantitis-related biofilm. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103150. [PMID: 36244678 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin has been used as a photosensitizer (PS) for antimicrobial photodynamic chemotherapy (PACT). However, its low solubility, instability, and poor bioavailability challenge its in vivo application. This study aimed to synthesize curcumin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (curcumin-NP) and determine their antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects. Nanoparticles (NP) were synthesized using polycaprolactone (PCL) as a polymer by the nanoprecipitation method. Curcumin-NP was characterized by particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy, and curcumin encapsulation efficiency (EE). Curcumin-NP was compared to free curcumin solubilized in 10% DMSO as photosensitizers for PACT in single and multispecies Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Streptococcus oralis biofilms. Chlorhexidine 0.12% (CHX) and ultrapure water were used as positive and negative controls. The cytotoxic effect of curcumin-NP was evaluated on human periodontal ligament fibroblast cells (HPLF). Data were analyzed by ANOVA (α=0.05). Curcumin-NP exhibited homogeneity and stability in solution, small particle size, and 67.5% EE of curcumin. Curcumin-NP presented reduced antibiofilm activity at 500 µg/ml, although in planktonic cultures it showed inhibitory and bactericidal effect. Curcumin-NP and curcumin with and without photoactivation were not cytotoxic to HPLF cells. Curcumin-NP has antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties, with better effects when associated with blue light, being a promising therapy for preventing and treating peri-implant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Coradi Tonon
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Panariello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Duarte
- American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, 211 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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6
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Abdullah EM, Tawfik A, Fadel M, Alsharnoubi J, Abdel Fadeel DA, Abdallah N. Photodynamic therapy of tinea capitis in children using curcumin loaded in nanospanlastics: A randomized controlled comparative clinical study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Carmo PHF, Freitas GJC, Dornelas JCM, Almeida BCT, Baltazar LM, Ferreira GF, Peres NTA, Santos DA. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are crucial for the antifungal activity of amorolfine and ciclopirox olamine against the dermatophyte Trichophyton interdigitale. Med Mycol 2022; 60:6650890. [PMID: 35896502 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Onychomycosis is a nail infection caused by Trichophyton interdigitale and other fungi, which can be treated with topical amorolfine (AMR) and ciclopirox olamine (CPX). Although these drugs are widely used, little is known about the role of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) in their mechanism of action. Aiming to better understand the effects of AMR and CPX in dermatophytes, we evaluated whether they act through the production of ROS and peroxynitrite (PRN). We tested a set of strains, all susceptible to AMR and CPX, and these antifungals significantly reduced T. interdigitale viability within 24 hours. This effect occurred concomitantly with reduced ergosterol, increased production of ROS and PRN, and consequently increased lipid peroxidation. Together, these mechanisms lead to cell damage and fungal death. These fungicidal effects were abolished when PRN and superoxide scavengers were used in the assays, demonstrating the role of these species in the mechanism of action. We also studied the antioxidant system when T. interdigitale was exposed to AMR and CPX. Interestingly, superoxide dismutase and catalase inhibition lead to altered ROS and PRN production, lipid peroxidation, and ergosterol levels. In fact, the combination of AMR or CPX with a superoxide dismutase inhibitor was antagonistic. Together, these data demonstrate the importance of ROS and PRN in the antifungal action of AMR and CPX against the evaluated T. interdigitale strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo H F Carmo
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP: 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo J C Freitas
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP: 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - João C M Dornelas
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP: 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruna C T Almeida
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP: 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ludmila M Baltazar
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP: 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gabriella F Ferreira
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós Graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua São Paulo, 745, Centro, 35010-180, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil
| | - Nalu T A Peres
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP: 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Santos
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP: 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Rocha OB, Freitas E Silva KS, de Carvalho Junior MAB, Moraes D, Alonso A, Alonso L, do Carmo Silva L, Soares CMA, Pereira M. Proteomic alterations in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis caused by exposure to curcumin. J Proteomics 2022; 266:104683. [PMID: 35835316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Paracoccidioides spp. are the etiological agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, a disease that causes skin lesions and affect the lungs and other organs. The current management of the disease is long and has several side effects that often lead the patient to give up the treatment, sequelae and even death. The search for new forms of treatment that minimize these drawbacks is very important. Thus, natural compounds are targets of great interest. Curcumin is one of the main components of the tubers of Curcuma longa, presenting medicinal effects well described in the literature, including the antifungal effect on Paracocidioides brasiliensis. Nevertheless, the mechanisms related to the antifungal effect of such compound are still unknown, so the objective of the present research is to understand what changes occur in the metabolism of P. brasiliensis after exposure to curcumin and to identify the main targets of the compound. Proteomic analysis as based on nanoUPLC-MS analysis and the functional classification of the identified proteins. The main metabolic processes that were being regulated were biologically validated through assays such as fluorescence microscopy, EPR and phagocytosis. Proteomic analysis revealed that curcumin regulates several metabolic processes of the fungus, including important pathways for energy production, such as the glycolytic pathway, beta oxidation and the glyoxylate cycle. Protein synthesis was down-regulated in fungi exposed to curcumin. The electron transport chain and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were also down-regulated, indicating that both the mitochondrial membrane and the mitochondrial activity were compromised. Plasma membrane and cell wall structure were altered following exposure to the compound. The fungus' ability to survive the phagocytosis process by alveolar macrophages was reduced. Thus, curcumin interferes with several metabolic pathways in the fungus that causes paracoccidioidomycosis. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The challenges presented by the current treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis often contributing to patients' withdrawal from treatment, leading to sequelae or even death. Thus, the search for new treatment options against this disease is growing. The discovery that curcumin is active against Paracoccidioides was previously reported by our study group. Here, we clarify how the compound acts on the fungus causing its growth inhibition and decreased viability. Understanding the mechanisms of action of curcumin on P. brasiliensis elucidates how we can seek new alternatives and which metabolic pathways and molecular targets we should focus on in this incessant search to bring the patient a treatment with fewer adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Basso Rocha
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | | | - Dayane Moraes
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Antônio Alonso
- Institute of Physics, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Laís Alonso
- Institute of Physics, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lívia do Carmo Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Celia Maria Almeida Soares
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Maristela Pereira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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9
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Yasin G, Nasr M, Abdel Gaber SA, Hüttenberger D, Fadel M. Response surface methodological approach for optimization of photodynamic therapy of onychomycosis using chlorin e6 loaded nail penetration enhancer vesicles. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 232:112461. [PMID: 35551052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) has a tremendous potential as an alternative therapeutic modality to conventional antifungals in treatment of onychomycosis, yet the nail barrier properties and the deep-seated nature of fungi within the nails remain challenging. Therefore, the aim of this study was to prepare, optimize, and characterize Chorin e6 (Ce6) nail penetration enhancer containing vesicles (Ce6-nPEVs) and evaluate their photodynamic mediated effect against Trichophyton rubrum (T.rubrum); the main causative agent of onychomycosis. Optimization of the particle size and encapsulation efficiency of nPEVs was performed using a four-factor two-level full factorial design. The transungual delivery potential of the selected formulation was assessed in comparison with the free drug. The photodynamic treatment conditions for T.rubrum aPDI by free Ce6 was optimized using response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design, and the aPDI effect of the selected Ce6-nPEVs was evaluated versus the free Ce6 at the optimized condition. Results showed that formulations exhibited high encapsulation efficiency for Ce6 ranging from 79.4 to 98%, particle sizes ranging from 225 to 859 nm, positive zeta potential values ranging from +30 to +70 mV, and viscosity ranging from 1.26 to 3.43 cP. The predominant parameters for maximizing the encapsulation efficiency and minimizing the particle size of Ce6-nPEVs were identified. The selected formulation showed 1.8-folds higher nail hydration and 2.3 folds improvement in percentage of Ce6 up-taken by nails compared to the free drug. Results of the microbiological study confirmed the reliability and adequacy of the Box-Behnken model, and delineated Ce6 concentration and incubation time as the significant model terms. Free Ce6 and Ce6-nPEVs showed an equipotent in vitro fungicidal effect on T.rubrum at the optimized conditions, however Ce6-nPEVs is expected to show a differential effect at the in vivo level where the advantage of the enhanced nail penetration feature will be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Yasin
- Pharmaceutical Nano-Technology Laboratory, Department of Medical Applications of Laser, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara A Abdel Gaber
- Nanomedicine Department, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | | | - Maha Fadel
- Pharmaceutical Nano-Technology Laboratory, Department of Medical Applications of Laser, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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10
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Ghaemi B, Hashemi SJ, Kharrazi S, Moshiri A, Kargar Jahromi H, Amani A. Photodynamic therapy-mediated extirpation of cutaneous resistant dermatophytosis with Ag@ZnO nanoparticles: an efficient therapeutic approach for onychomycosis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:219-236. [PMID: 35118874 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether photodynamic therapy of resistant onychomycosis with Ag@ZnO nanoparticles can promote the treatment procedure and extirpates the recurrence of fungal infection. Methods: Ag@ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) under UVB-radiation were applied to treat T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes in vitro through photodynamic therapy. In vivo therapeutic efficacy, biocompatibility and biodistribution of Ag@ZnO NPs were studied. Results: 40 μg/ml of UVB-activated Ag@ZnO NPs showed 100% antifungal activity against dermatophytosis in vitro and in vivo followed by complete growth prevention by degeneration of spores and mycelium after 180 days, while posed biocompatibility. Conclusion: This study showed the superiority of photodynamic therapy with Ag@ZnO NPs followed by proper regeneration of the skin with Zinc ion of the shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Ghaemi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (SATiM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417755469, Iran
| | - Seyed Jamal Hashemi
- Department of Medical Mycology & Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, 1417755469, Iran.,Food Microbiology Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417755469, Iran
| | - Sharmin Kharrazi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (SATiM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417755469, Iran
| | - Arfa Moshiri
- Microbiology Research Centre, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1417755469, Iran.,Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Hossein Kargar Jahromi
- Research Centre for Non-Communicable Disease, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Amir Amani
- Natural Products & Medicinal Plants Research Centre, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.,Medical Biomaterial Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417755469, Iran
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11
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Mohd Zaid NA, Sekar M, Bonam SR, Gan SH, Lum PT, Begum MY, Mat Rani NNI, Vaijanathappa J, Wu YS, Subramaniyan V, Fuloria NK, Fuloria S. Promising Natural Products in New Drug Design, Development, and Therapy for Skin Disorders: An Overview of Scientific Evidence and Understanding Their Mechanism of Action. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:23-66. [PMID: 35027818 PMCID: PMC8749048 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s326332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ in the human body, composed of the epidermis and the dermis. It provides protection and acts as a barrier against external menaces like allergens, chemicals, systemic toxicity, and infectious organisms. Skin disorders like cancer, dermatitis, psoriasis, wounds, skin aging, acne, and skin infection occur frequently and can impact human life. According to a growing body of evidence, several studies have reported that natural products have the potential for treating skin disorders. Building on this information, this review provides brief information about the action of the most important in vitro and in vivo research on the use of ten selected natural products in inflammatory, neoplastic, and infectious skin disorders and their mechanisms that have been reported to date. The related studies and articles were searched from several databases, including PubMed, Google, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. Ten natural products that have been reported widely on skin disorders were reviewed in this study, with most showing anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-microbial, and anti-cancer effects as the main therapeutic actions. Overall, most of the natural products reported in this review can reduce and suppress inflammatory markers, like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), induce cancer cell death through apoptosis, and prevent bacteria, fungal, and virus infections indicating their potentials. This review also highlighted the challenges and opportunities of natural products in transdermal/topical delivery systems and their safety considerations for skin disorders. Our findings indicated that natural products might be a low-cost, well-tolerated, and safe treatment for skin diseases. However, a larger number of clinical trials are required to validate these findings. Natural products in combination with modern drugs, as well as the development of novel delivery mechanisms, represent a very promising area for future drug discovery of these natural leads against skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Amirah Mohd Zaid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, 30450, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, 30450, Malaysia
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe-Immunopathologie et Immunointervention Thérapeutique, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Pei Teng Lum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, 30450, Malaysia
| | - M Yasmin Begum
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Asir-Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, 30450, Malaysia
| | - Jaishree Vaijanathappa
- Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research Mauritius, Vacoas-Phoenix, Mauritius
| | - Yuan Seng Wu
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
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12
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Ziental D, Mlynarczyk DT, Czarczynska-Goslinska B, Lewandowski K, Sobotta L. Photosensitizers Mediated Photodynamic Inactivation against Fungi. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112883. [PMID: 34835655 PMCID: PMC8621466 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Superficial and systemic fungal infections are essential problems for the modern health care system. One of the challenges is the growing resistance of fungi to classic antifungals and the constantly increasing cost of therapy. These factors force the scientific world to intensify the search for alternative and more effective methods of treatment. This paper presents an overview of new fungal inactivation methods using Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT). The results of research on compounds from the groups of phenothiazines, xanthanes, porphyrins, chlorins, porphyrazines, and phthalocyanines are presented. An intensive search for a photosensitizer with excellent properties is currently underway. The formulation based on the existing ones is also developed by combining them with nanoparticles and common antifungal therapy. Numerous studies indicate that fungi do not form any specific defense mechanism against PACT, which deems it a promising therapeutic alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ziental
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.Z.); (K.L.)
| | - Dariusz T. Mlynarczyk
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Beata Czarczynska-Goslinska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Konrad Lewandowski
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.Z.); (K.L.)
| | - Lukasz Sobotta
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.Z.); (K.L.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Dos Santos DDL, Besegato JF, de Melo PBG, Junior JAO, Chorilli M, Deng D, Bagnato VS, de Souza Rastelli AN. Effect of curcumin-encapsulated Pluronic ® F-127 over duo-species biofilm of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:1775-1786. [PMID: 34664132 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03432-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To assess the effect of curcumin-encapsulated Pluronic® F-127 (Cur-Plu) during antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) over duo-species biofilm of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Thermal analysis, optical absorption, and fluorescence spectroscopy were evaluated. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungal concentration were obtained. The biofilms were cultured for 48 h at 37 °C and treated according to the groups: P + M + L + (photosensitizer encapsulated with Pluronic® F-127 + light); P + D + L + (photosensitizer incorporated in 1% DMSO + light); P - M + L + (no Pluronic® F-127 + light); P - D + L + (1% DMSO + light); P - L + (Milli-Q water + light); P + M + L - (photosensitizer encapsulated with Pluronic® F-127 no light); P + D + L - (photosensitizer in 1% DMSO, no light); P - M + L - (Pluronic® F-127 no light); P - D + L - (1% DMSO, no light); P - L - (Milli-Q water, no light; negative control group); CHX (0.2% chlorhexidine, positive control group); and NYS (Nystatin). Dark incubation of 5 min was used. The groups that received aPDT were irradiated by blue LED (460 nm, 15 J/cm2). Cell viability of the biofilms was performed by colony-forming units (CFU/mL) and confocal microscopy. Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test was used at a significance level of 5%. P + D + L + and P + M + L + groups exhibited better log-reduction for both Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans biofilms than P - M + L + , P - L + , and P - D + L + experimental groups. Furthermore, P + M + L + and P + D + L + showed greater reduction for Candida albicans than for Streptococcus mutans. aPDT mediated by Cur-Plu can be a potential strategy for biofilm control against duo-species biofilm of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Dantas Lopes Dos Santos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - João Felipe Besegato
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 1680 Humaitá St., MailBox: 331, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14.801-903, Brazil
| | - Priscila Borges Gobbo de Melo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 1680 Humaitá St., MailBox: 331, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14.801-903, Brazil
| | - João Augusto Oshiro Junior
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pharceutical Sciences, State University of Paraíba-UEPB, Paraíba, 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Dongmei Deng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam - ACTA, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Physics Institute of São Carlos - IFSC, University of São Paulo - USP, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Nara de Souza Rastelli
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 1680 Humaitá St., MailBox: 331, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14.801-903, Brazil.
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14
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Adusumilli NC, Mordorski B, Nosanchuk J, Friedman JM, Friedman AJ. Curcumin nanoparticles as a photoprotective adjuvant. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:705-709. [PMID: 33450110 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With rising skin cancer rates and interest in preventing photoaging, adjuvants for sunscreens are in high demand. The potential of curcumin has been posited due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and wound healing properties. In prior studies, curcumin decreased UV-induced inflammation, apoptotic changes in human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts, and the expression of matrix metalloproteinases. However, curcumin's utility has been hindered by poor aqueous solubility and rapid degradation in vivo. To overcome these limitations, we synthesized curcumin nanoparticles (curc-np), which offer sustained topical delivery and enhanced bioavailability. Curc-np and controls were applied to the skin of BALB/c mice prior to UVB irradiation. Twenty-four hours later, mice pretreated with curc-np showed less erythema, induration and scale compared to controls. Histopathology showed fewer sunburn cells, and TUNEL assay indicated decreased apoptosis in curc-np treated mice. Immunohistochemistry illustrated less p53 expression in skin pretreated with curc-np. Furthermore, cytokine analysis revealed significantly less IL-6 and significantly greater anti-inflammatory IL-10 in skin of curc-np-treated mice as compared to controls. Taken together, our results reinforce curcumin's established anti-inflammatory effects in the skin and highlight its potential as a photoprotective adjuvant when delivered through nanoparticles. Further investigation alongside sunscreens against UV-induced damage is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagasai C Adusumilli
- Department of Dermatology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Breanne Mordorski
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Nosanchuk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Joel M Friedman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Adam J Friedman
- Department of Dermatology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
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15
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Dias LD, Blanco KC, Mfouo-Tynga IS, Inada NM, Bagnato VS. Curcumin as a photosensitizer: From molecular structure to recent advances in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2020.100384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Pan T, Liu X, Liu C, Li J, Ma W, Qin Y, Chen Y, Lin S, Ye F. Evaluation of the photodynamic efficacy and effects of haematoporphyrin monomethyl ether on Trichophyton rubrum microconidia in vitro. Mycoses 2020; 63:1215-1225. [PMID: 32783251 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current available treatment modes against dermatophytoses are often tedious and sometimes unsatisfactory. As an emerging and promising approach, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) attracts much attention in the treatment of superficial or localised infections. OBJECTIVES This work investigated the photodynamic efficacy and effects of haematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) on microconidia of Trichophyton rubrum in vitro. METHODS The photodynamic killing efficacy of HMME on microconidia of two T rubrum strains was assessed by MTT assay. The effects of HMME-mediated aPDT on the growth of T rubrum and cellular structure of microconidia were also investigated. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and flow cytometry were employed to study the intracellular localisation of HMME and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RESULTS HMME showed no obvious toxicity in the dark, but after light irradiation it inactivated the T rubrum microconidia in a light energy dose-dependent manner, and inhibited the growth of T rubrum. CLSM demonstrated that HMME initially bound to the cell envelop and entered into the cell after light irradiation. HMME-mediated aPDT also damaged the cell cytoplasm and increased the accumulation of intracellular ROS, resulting in cell death. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that HMME-mediated aPDT had potential to be used in the treatment of superficial infections caused by T rubrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Pan
- Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Wenpeng Ma
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yannan Qin
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yunru Chen
- Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Shumei Lin
- Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
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17
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Bekmukhametova A, Ruprai H, Hook JM, Mawad D, Houang J, Lauto A. Photodynamic therapy with nanoparticles to combat microbial infection and resistance. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:21034-21059. [PMID: 33078823 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04540c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by drug-resistant pathogens are rapidly increasing in incidence and pose an urgent global health concern. New treatments are needed to address this critical situation while preventing further resistance acquired by the pathogens. One promising approach is antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT), a technique that selectively damages pathogenic cells through reactive oxygen species (ROS) that have been deliberately produced by light-activated chemical reactions via a photosensitiser. There are currently some limitations to its wider deployment, including aggregation, hydrophobicity, and sub-optimal penetration capabilities of the photosensitiser, all of which decrease the production of ROS and lead to reduced therapeutic performance. In combination with nanoparticles, however, these challenges may be overcome. Their small size, functionalisable structure, and large contact surface allow a high degree of internalization by cellular membranes and tissue barriers. In this review, we first summarise the mechanism of PDT action and the interaction between nanoparticles and the cell membrane. We then introduce the categorisation of nanoparticles in PDT, acting as nanocarriers, photosensitising molecules, and transducers, in which we highlight their use against a range of bacterial and fungal pathogens. We also compare the antimicrobial efficiency of nanoparticles to unbound photosensitisers and examine the relevant safety considerations. Finally, we discuss the use of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems in clinical applications of antimicrobial PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Herleen Ruprai
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia.
| | - James M Hook
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Damia Mawad
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jessica Houang
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia and Biomedical Engineering & Neuroscience Research Group, The MARCS Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia
| | - Antonio Lauto
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia. and Biomedical Engineering & Neuroscience Research Group, The MARCS Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia
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18
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Yang QQ, Farha AK, Kim G, Gul K, Gan RY, Corke H. Antimicrobial and anticancer applications and related mechanisms of curcumin-mediated photodynamic treatments. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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19
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Brasch J, Beck-Jendroschek V, Walther G, Rubbel D. Clinical isolates of Trichophyton rubrum are completely inhibited by photochemical treatment with a γ-cyclodextrin formulation of curcuminoids. Mycoses 2020; 63:369-375. [PMID: 31975440 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It was shown previously that dermatophytes can markedly be inhibited by a photochemical treatment with curcumin. This kind of photo-inactivation needs to be improved, however, because curcumin is poorly water-soluble. Therefore, a new water-soluble γ-cyclodextrin formulation of curcuminoids was tested for its photochemical inactivation of Trichophyton (T.) rubrum. MATERIALS AND METHODS Conidia were harvested from 6 typical strains of T rubrum and used to inoculate wells of microtiter plates. These wells were also filled with a γ-cyclodextrin curcuminoid formulation with 0.1% DMSO and Sabouraud broth. The assays were then irradiated with visible light (wavelength 420 nm, 45 J/cm2 ). After 24 hours, curcuminoid was added once more, and irradiation was repeated. Fungal growth was monitored photometrically for 8 days and compared with controls. RESULTS Growth of all 6 T rubrum strains was completely inhibited by the photochemical treatment with the γ-cyclodextrin formulation of curcuminoids. The same curcuminoid formulation applied without irradiation had only a minor inhibitory effect. DISCUSSION Photo-inactivation of dermatophytes with a γ-cyclodextrin formulation of curcuminoids plus visible light is a very promising procedure with potential for a new treatment of patients with superficial tinea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Brasch
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Hospitals of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Vera Beck-Jendroschek
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Hospitals of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Grit Walther
- German National Reference Center for Invasive Fungal Infections, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Darian Rubbel
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Hospitals of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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20
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Vollono L, Falconi M, Gaziano R, Iacovelli F, Dika E, Terracciano C, Bianchi L, Campione E. Potential of Curcumin in Skin Disorders. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2169. [PMID: 31509968 PMCID: PMC6770633 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a compound isolated from turmeric, a plant known for its medicinal use. Recently, there is a growing interest in the medical community in identifying novel, low-cost, safe molecules that may be used in the treatment of inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. An increasing amount of evidence suggests that curcumin may represent an effective agent in the treatment of several skin conditions. We examined the most relevant in vitro and in vivo studies published to date regarding the use of curcumin in inflammatory, neoplastic, and infectious skin diseases, providing information on its bioavailability and safety profile. Moreover, we performed a computational analysis about curcumin's interaction towards the major enzymatic targets identified in the literature. Our results suggest that curcumin may represent a low-cost, well-tolerated, effective agent in the treatment of skin diseases. However, bypass of limitations of its in vivo use (low oral bioavailability, metabolism) is essential in order to conduct larger clinical trials that could confirm these observations. The possible use of curcumin in combination with traditional drugs and the formulations of novel delivery systems represent a very promising field for future applicative research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vollono
- Dermatology Unit, Department of "Medicina dei Sistemi", University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Falconi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Gaziano
- Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Iacovelli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Emi Dika
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti, 1-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Terracciano
- Neurology Unit, Guglielmo de Saliceto Hospital, 29121-29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luca Bianchi
- Dermatology Unit, Department of "Medicina dei Sistemi", University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Campione
- Dermatology Unit, Department of "Medicina dei Sistemi", University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1-00133 Rome, Italy.
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21
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Flavonoid Composition of Salacia senegalensis (Lam.) DC. Leaves, Evaluation of Antidermatophytic Effects, and Potential Amelioration of the Associated Inflammatory Response. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142530. [PMID: 31295972 PMCID: PMC6680804 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Predominantly spread in West Tropical Africa, the shrub Salacia senegalensis (Lam.) DC. is known because of its medicinal properties, the leaves being used in the treatment of skin diseases. Prompted by the ethnomedicinal use, a hydroethanolic extract obtained from the leaves of the plant was screened against a panel of microbial strains, the majority of which involved in superficial infections. The extract was found to be active against the dermatophytes Trichophyton rubrum and Epidermophyton floccosum. Notable results were also recorded regarding the attenuation of the inflammatory response, namely the inhibitory effects observed against soybean 5-lipoxygenase (IC50 = 71.14 μg mL-1), no interference being recorded in the cellular viability of RAW 264.7 macrophages and NO levels. Relevantly, the extract did not lead to detrimental effects against the keratinocyte cell line HaCaT, at concentrations displaying antidermatophytic and anti-inflammatory effects. Flavonoid profiling of S. senegalensis leaves was achieved for the first time, allowing the identification and quantitation of myricitrin, three 3-O-substituted quercetin derivatives, and three other flavonoid derivatives, which may contribute, at least partially, to the observed antidermatophytic and anti-inflammatory effects. In the current study, the plant S. senegalensis is assessed concerning its antidermatophytic and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Shamali N, Preuß A, Saltsman I, Mahammed A, Gross Z, Däschlein G, Röder B. In vitro photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of pathogenic germs inducing onychomycosis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 24:358-365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Brasch J, Freitag-Wolf S, Beck-Jendroschek V, Huber M. Inhibition of dermatophytes by photodynamic treatment with curcumin. Med Mycol 2018; 55:754-762. [PMID: 28053148 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myw139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of dermatophytoses with currently available antimycotic agents is often tedious and sometimes unsatisfactory. A search for better therapeutic methods-ideally with an immediate fungicidal effect-has, among others, lead to photodynamic procedures as a promising alternative, and recently curcumin was found to be a suitable agent for this application. In this study the effect of photodynamic treatment with curcumin on dermatophytes was tested in vitro. Wells of microtiter plates were filled with conidia of Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton interdigitale, Trichophyton terrestre, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum and Epidermophyton floccosum in buffer. Then curcumin was added to the conidia and after 20 min the assays were irradiated one time only with visible light (peak wave length 367 nm, 5 J/cm2). Thereafter the wells were filled up with Sabouraud's glucose broth and in the following fungal growth was measured photometrically. The results showed that all dermatophytes were markedly inhibited depending on the concentration of curcumin. With 5.4 mg/l curcumin plus irradiation fungal growth was significantly suppressed over a period of 96 h (P < .001). Even after 96 h inhibition of T. rubrum was still complete and marked for all other species as well. M. gypseum was least susceptible. Our results are very encouraging to pursue the development of a photodynamic therapy of tinea with curcumin. The outstanding tolerance of curcumin and the innocuousness of the required light are favorable preconditions for this task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Brasch
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra Freitag-Wolf
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Vera Beck-Jendroschek
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Huber
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Brasch J, Beck-Jendroschek V, Mahn V. Photochemical inhibition of Trichophyton rubrum
by different compoundings of curcumin. Mycoses 2018; 61:393-399. [DOI: 10.1111/myc.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Brasch
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospitals of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel; Kiel Germany
| | - Vera Beck-Jendroschek
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospitals of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel; Kiel Germany
| | - Viktoria Mahn
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospitals of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel; Kiel Germany
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Shlar I, Droby S, Rodov V. Antimicrobial coatings on polyethylene terephthalate based on curcumin/cyclodextrin complex embedded in a multilayer polyelectrolyte architecture. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 164:379-387. [PMID: 29427944 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial contamination is a growing concern worldwide. The aim of this work was to develop an antimicrobial coating based on curcumin-cyclodextrin inclusion complex and using polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film as a support matrix. After a pre-treatment aimed to provide sufficient electric charge to the PET surface, it was electrostatically coated with repeated multilayers comprising alternately deposited positively-charged poly-l-lysine (PLL) and negatively-charged poly-l-glutamic acid (PLGA) and carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CMBCD). The coatings had an architecture (PLL-PLGA)6-(PLL-PLGA-PLL-CMBCD)n, with the number of repeated multilayers n varying from 5 to 20. The CMBCD molecules were either covalently cross-linked using carbodiimide crosslinker chemistry or left unbound. The surface morphology, structure and elemental composition of the coatings were analysed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. To impart antimicrobial properties to the coatings they were loaded with a natural phenolic compound curcumin forming inclusion complexes with β-cyclodextrin. The non-cross-linked coatings showed bactericidal activity towards Escherichia coli in the dark, and this activity was further enhanced upon illumination with white light. Curcumin was released from the non-cross-linked coatings into an aqueous medium in the form of cyclodextrin inclusion complex. After the cross-linking, the coating lost its dark antimicrobial activity but retained the photodynamic properties. Stabilized cross-linked curcumin-loaded coatings can serve a basis for developing photoactivated antimicrobial surfaces controlling bacterial contamination and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Shlar
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel; Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Samir Droby
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Victor Rodov
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel.
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Huang H, Lv W, Chen Y, Zheng X, Hu Y, Wang R, Huang M, Tang H. The Role of NADPH Oxidase in the Inhibition of Trichophyton rubrum by 420-nm Intense Pulsed Light. Front Microbiol 2018; 8:2636. [PMID: 29375505 PMCID: PMC5767184 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of intense pulsed light (IPL) on Trichophyton rubrum and investigate its mechanism of action. Methods: The viability of fungi treated with IPL alone and with IPL combined with an NADPH oxidase inhibitor (DPI) pretreatment was determined by MTT assays. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified with a DCFH-DA fluorescent probe. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were determined by commercial kits. The transcription of the Nox gene was quantified using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis, and micromorphology was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, fungal keratinase activity was detected by measuring dye release from keratin azure. Results: The growth declined with statistical significance after 6 h of treatment (P < 0.001). The ROS and MDA content increased after IPL treatment, whereas the SOD and GSH-Px activity decreased. Nox gene expression was upregulated, and the micromorphology was damaged. Keratinase activity decreased. Fungi that received DPI pretreatment exhibited contrasting outcomes. Conclusion: We found that 420-nm IPL significantly inhibited the growth and pathogenicity of T. rubrum in vitro. A suggested mechanism involves Nox as a factor that mediates 420-nm IPL-induced oxidative damage of T. rubrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Weibiao Lv
- Clinical Laboratory, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Central Hospital of Nanchong, The Second Clinical School of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiufeng Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Ruihua Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Meiling Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Hongfeng Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
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Trigo Gutierrez JK, Zanatta GC, Ortega ALM, Balastegui MIC, Sanitá PV, Pavarina AC, Barbugli PA, Mima EGDO. Encapsulation of curcumin in polymeric nanoparticles for antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187418. [PMID: 29107978 PMCID: PMC5673165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR) has been used as photosensitizer in antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT). However its poor water solubility, instability, and scarce bioavalibility hinder its in vivo application. The aim of this study was to synthesize curcumin in polymeric nanoparticles (NP) and to evaluate their antimicrobial photodynamic effect and cytoxicity. CUR in anionic and cationic NP was synthesized using polylactic acid and dextran sulfate by the nanoprecipitation method. For cationic NP, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was added. CUR-NP were characterized by physicochemical properties, photodegradation, encapsulation efficiency and release of curcumin from nanoparticles. CUR-NP was compared with free CUR in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a photosensitizer for aPDT against planktonic and biofilms (mono-, dual- and triple-species) cultures of Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The cytotoxicity effect of formulations was evaluated on keratinocytes. Data were analysed by parametric (ANOVA) and non-parametric (Kruskal-Wallis) tests (α = 0.05). CUR-NP showed alteration in the physicochemical properties along time, photodegradation similar to free curcumin, encapsulation efficiency up to 67%, and 96% of release after 48h. After aPDT planktonic cultures showed reductions from 0.78 log10 to complete eradication, while biofilms showed no antimicrobial effect or reductions up to 4.44 log10. Anionic CUR-NP showed reduced photoinactivation of biofilms. Cationic CUR-NP showed microbicidal effect even in absence of light. Anionic formulations showed no cytotoxic effect compared with free CUR and cationic CUR-NP and NP. The synthesized formulations improved the water solubility of CUR, showed higher antimicrobial photodynamic effect for planktonic cultures than for biofilms, and the encapsulation of CUR in anionic NP reduced the cytotoxicity of 10% DMSO used for free CUR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffersson Krishan Trigo Gutierrez
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Cristina Zanatta
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura Mira Ortega
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabella Cuba Balastegui
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Volpato Sanitá
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Pavarina
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Aboud Barbugli
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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黄 昊, 汤 红, 陈 颖, 郑 秀, 胡 勇, 王 瑞, 黄 美. [Effect of intense pulsed light on Trichophyton rubrum growth in vitro]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2017; 37:853-857. [PMID: 28669966 PMCID: PMC6744133 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.06.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the inhibitory effect of 420 nm intense pulsed light on Trichophyton rubrum growth in vitro and explore the mechanism. METHODS The fungal conidia were divided into treatment group with intense pulse light irradiation and control group without irradiation. The surface areas of the fungal colonies were photographed before irradiation and on the 2nd and 3rd days after irradiation to observe the changes in fungal growth. The viability of the fungus in suspension was detected at 6 h after irradiation using MTT assay. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in the fungus was determined using DCFH-DA fluorescent probe, and the MDA content was detected using TBA method. RESULTS Intense pulse light (420 nm) irradiation caused obvious injuries in Trichophyton rubrum with the optimal effective light dose of 12 J/cm2 in 12 pulses. At 6 h after the irradiation, the fungus in suspension showed a 30% reduction of viability (P<0.05), and the fungal colonies showed obvious growth arrest without further expansion. Compared to the control group, the irradiated fungus showed significant increases in ROS level and MDA content (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Intense pulse light (420 nm) irradiation can induce oxidative stress in Trichophyton rubrum to lead to fungal injuries and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- 昊 黄
- />南方医科大学附属顺德第一人民医院皮肤科,广东 佛山 528300Department of Dermatology, Shunde First People's Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan 528300, China
| | - 红峰 汤
- />南方医科大学附属顺德第一人民医院皮肤科,广东 佛山 528300Department of Dermatology, Shunde First People's Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan 528300, China
| | - 颖 陈
- />南方医科大学附属顺德第一人民医院皮肤科,广东 佛山 528300Department of Dermatology, Shunde First People's Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan 528300, China
| | - 秀芬 郑
- />南方医科大学附属顺德第一人民医院皮肤科,广东 佛山 528300Department of Dermatology, Shunde First People's Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan 528300, China
| | - 勇 胡
- />南方医科大学附属顺德第一人民医院皮肤科,广东 佛山 528300Department of Dermatology, Shunde First People's Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan 528300, China
| | - 瑞华 王
- />南方医科大学附属顺德第一人民医院皮肤科,广东 佛山 528300Department of Dermatology, Shunde First People's Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan 528300, China
| | - 美玲 黄
- />南方医科大学附属顺德第一人民医院皮肤科,广东 佛山 528300Department of Dermatology, Shunde First People's Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan 528300, China
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Scorzoni L, Sangalli-Leite F, de Lacorte Singulani J, de Paula e Silva ACA, Costa-Orlandi CB, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Searching new antifungals: The use of in vitro and in vivo methods for evaluation of natural compounds. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 123:68-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Baltazar LM, Ray A, Santos DA, Cisalpino PS, Friedman AJ, Nosanchuk JD. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: an effective alternative approach to control fungal infections. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:202. [PMID: 25821448 PMCID: PMC4358220 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin mycoses are caused mainly by dermatophytes, which are fungal species that primarily infect areas rich in keratin such as hair, nails, and skin. Significantly, there are increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance among dermatophytes, especially for Trichophyton rubrum, the most frequent etiologic agent worldwide. Hence, investigators have been developing new therapeutic approaches, including photodynamic treatment. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes a photosensitive substance activated by a light source of a specific wavelength. The photoactivation induces cascades of photochemicals and photobiological events that cause irreversible changes in the exposed cells. Although photodynamic approaches are well established experimentally for the treatment of certain cutaneous infections, there is limited information about its mechanism of action for specific pathogens as well as the risks to healthy tissues. In this work, we have conducted a comprehensive review of the current knowledge of PDT as it specifically applies to fungal diseases. The data to date suggests that photodynamic treatment approaches hold great promise for combating certain fungal pathogens, particularly dermatophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila M Baltazar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA ; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Anjana Ray
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA ; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Daniel A Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Patrícia S Cisalpino
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Adam J Friedman
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA ; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Joshua D Nosanchuk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA ; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
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