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Zink FA, Tembrock LR, Timm AE, Gilligan TM. Ultra-deep sequencing of 45S rDNA to discern intragenomic diversity in three Chrysodeixis species for molecular identification. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13017. [PMID: 37563256 PMCID: PMC10415407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39673-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Species identification is necessary to prevent introductions of exotic plant pests through global trade. Many of these pests are understudied and lack publicly available DNA sequence data on which rapid molecular identification methods can be based. One such lineage is the genus Chrysodeixis, which includes three species of potential concern for United States trade initiatives: C. includens, C. chalcites, and C. eriosoma. Here we describe a method to generate robust 45S rDNA profiles using long read sequencing in order to clarify evolutionary relationships and develop a real-time PCR identification technique. Such an identification tool will be useful in rapidly differentiating between Chrysodeixis species of quarantine concern where traditional morphological identification methods are insufficient. Molecular methods such as this greatly reduce the time spent identifying each specimen, allow for detection of eDNA, vastly increase throughput, and increase the probability of detection. The methods presented here will be generally adaptable to any understudied lepidopteran taxa that necessitates a molecular diagnostic assay and, with adjustment or testing of the primers, could be applied to any group for which development of rDNA profiles in a benchtop setting would prove useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida A Zink
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Luke R Tembrock
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Alicia E Timm
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Todd M Gilligan
- Pest Identification Technology Laboratory, USDA-APHIS-PPQ-Science and Technology, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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2
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Dong Y, Gao J, Hulcr J. Insect wood borers on commercial North American tree species growing in China: review of Chinese peer-review and grey literature. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023:7135596. [PMID: 37083727 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Invasive insect wood borers are a threat to global forests and tree-related industries as they can damage trees and spread plant pathogens. Reports of damages by wood borers on plants that were planted overseas may facilitate the identification of potential invaders and speed up risk assessment. However, much of this information remains unavailable to the international plant protection community due to language barriers, lack of digitization, or limited circulation of regional literature. Here, we investigated reports of wood borers on 7 important North American commercial tree species planted in China (Carya illinoinensis, Liquidambar styraciflua, Pinus elliottii, Pinus taeda, Quercus texana, Quercus rubra, and Quercus virginiana) in peer-reviewed as well as "grey" (nonpeer-reviewed) Chinese literature. A total of 60 unique wood borer records were found, yielding reports of 4 orders, 39 genera, and 44 species of insect wood borers. Among Coleoptera, longhorned beetles (Cerambycidae) were the most commonly reported colonizers of North American trees in China. Chinese peer-reviewed reports of pests on alien plants are a valuable tool to survey for potential wood-boring invaders of North America, and wherever North American trees are planted and have the potential to encounter Asian invasive insects. Digitization and dissemination of non-English literature are essential for contemporary risk assessment. On the other hand, the nonpeer reviewed "grey" literature, primarily agency reports and student theses, provided only 5% of the records; many incidental observations were unreliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Dong
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Jie Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Jiri Hulcr
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
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3
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Migliorini D, Auger-Rozenberg MA, Battisti A, Brockerhoff E, Brockerhoff E, Eschen R, Fan JT, Jactel H, Orazio C, Paap T, Prospero S, Ren L, Kenis M, Roques A, Santini A. Towards a global sentinel plants research strategy to prevent new introductions of non-native pests and pathogens in forests. The experience of HOMED. RESEARCH IDEAS AND OUTCOMES 2023. [DOI: 10.3897/rio.9.e96744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of sentinel woody plants in experimental plantings, Botanical Gardens and Arboreta has been experimentally validated as a tool for identifying possible unknown future threats prior to their introduction into new countries. Sentinel Plantings were recently established in Italy, France, Switzerland, China and South Africa, using a common experimental design. The plantings included various tree and shrub species of broadleaves and conifers. Two planting types were established, each with different objectives. In-patria plantings using native plants aim to estimate, in absence of any phytosanitary treatments, the associations and infestation rates of native insects susceptible to be exported to other countries with that particular commodity. Ex-patria plantings using non-native plants are relevant to identify native insect species capable of switching to the non-native plant that would otherwise be impossible to predict prior to its introduction. In the frame of the EU project HOMED, we have implemented this concept, widening the use of this tool simultaneously to many different countries and continents
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Lai S, Zhao C, Li Y, Zhou Y, Zhong L, Qiu C, Wang H, Pan Y, Dai L, Hao D. Three novel Fusarium mutualists of ambrosia beetle Euwallacea interjectus in China. Mycol Prog 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-022-01820-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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5
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Southern Range Expansion of the Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis, in Russia Threatens Ash and Olive Trees in the Middle East and Southern Europe. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13040541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is the most serious invasive pest of ash trees (Fraxinus spp., Oleaceae) in the world. It has not yet reached the range of olive tree plantations, however it has been shown to complete its life cycle in this host tree. This pest is native to East Asia was first found in Europe in Moscow in 2003 and has been spreading ever since. The aims of this study were to determine if the southern border of the range has already reached the Caucasus and to assess the potential range in this region based on host availability and heat availability. In 2021, we surveyed ash trees south to the known range in Russia. We did not find the pest in six cities in the North Caucasus region but found it in the city of Azov close to the Caucasus. Analysis of information about 550 localities of ash trees in the Caucasus showed that Fraxinus spp. is common throughout the region. The calculation of annual growing degree days base 10 °C indicated that the places where Fraxinus spp. grow above 1500 m are too cold for A. planipennis and therefore could potentially become a refuge for ash trees. The spread of A. planipennis to the Caucasus is of concern. First, the forest ecosystems of this region are endangered, since European ash Fraxinus excelsior is much more common there than in the currently infested regions in Russia. Second, the Russian Caucasus can become the gateway to Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey and other countries of the Middle East and Southern Europe. We propose using Fraxinus angustifolia, F. ornus and Olea europaea growing in the Caucasus and adjacent regions as sentinel trees for the monitoring and pest risk assessment of these tree species.
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Seed quantity affects the fungal community composition detected using metabarcoding. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3060. [PMID: 35197533 PMCID: PMC8866403 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Pest introductions via trade in tree seed may result from a lack of adequate survey and validation protocols. Developing better diagnostic protocols to identify potentially harmful pests and pathogens in forest tree seed is of critical importance. High-throughput sequencing-based barcoding and metabarcoding provide effective tools for screening potentially harmful organisms in various plant materials, including seeds. However, the sample size needed to detect the total microorganism diversity of a community is a major challenge in microbiome studies. In this work, we examined how increasing sample size (ranging between 100 and 1000 seeds) influences diversity of fungal communities detected by high throughput sequencing in Pinus sylvestris seeds. Our results showed that as sample size increased, fungal alpha diversity also increased. Beta-diversity estimators detected significant differences between the mycobiota from different samples. However, taxonomic and functional diversity were not correlated with sample size. In addition, we found that increasing the number of PCR replicates resulted in a higher abundance of plant pathogens. We concluded that for the purpose of screening for potentially harmful pathogens using HTS, greater efforts should be made to increase the sample size and replicates when testing tree seed.
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Li Y, Johnson AJ, Gao L, Wu C, Hulcr J. Two new invasive Ips bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in mainland China and their potential distribution in Asia. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:4000-4008. [PMID: 33890353 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ips is a bark beetle genus of 45 species, many of which are pests of conifer forests and plantations under stress. Twelve Ips species are recorded from China and presumably native there. From 2016 to 2018, specimens suspected to be Ips calligraphus and Ips grandicollis, were collected from traps with ethanol as a sole lure in Zhuhai, Guangdong, China. Both species originate in North America and infest various species of native or introduced pines. Since Ips species are known to cause or exacerbate problems in pine plantations, and a regional survey using traps baited with attractants were implemented in this study to investigate the extent of the introduction. RESULTS Both I. calligraphus and I. grandicollis have been collected repeatedly from several traps with Ips attractants in Zhuhai, Guangdong, China since 2016. Potential distributions of these two species in Asia, inferred using MaxEnt, is extensive, given the high projected environmental suitability in North America, South America, Mediterranean Europe, Northern Africa, and Eastern Asia. The host plant of I. calligraphus from Zhuhai was identified as slash pine Pinus elliottii using DNA barcoding of gut contents from trapped individuals. CONCLUSION This is the first report of the establishment of two American pine bark beetles, I. calligraphus and I. grandicollis in continental Asia. The gut content of both species suggests that these pest feeds on a non-native host. Whether the two species present high-risk to Asian forests will become clear with more research on their interactions with native pines.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Li
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Forest, Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrew J Johnson
- School of Forest, Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lei Gao
- Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Ecological Landscaping of Challenging Urban Sites, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengxu Wu
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiri Hulcr
- School of Forest, Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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8
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Revealing novel interactions between oak and Tubakia species: evidence of the efficacy of the sentinel arboreta strategy. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Demidko DA, Demidko NN, Mikhaylov PV, Sultson SM. Biological Strategies of Invasive Bark Beetles and Borers Species. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12040367. [PMID: 33924117 PMCID: PMC8074309 DOI: 10.3390/insects12040367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Biological invasions are one of the most critical problems today. Invaders have been damaging tree- and shrub-dominated ecosystems. Among these harmful species, a notable role belongs to bark beetles and borers. Extensive phytosanitary measures are needed to prevent their penetration into new regions. However, the lists of quarantine pests should be reasonably brief for more effective prevention of invasion of potentially harmful insects. Our goal is to reveal the set of biological traits of invasive bark beetles and borers that are currently known. We identified four invasion strategies. Inbred, the first one is characterized by inbreeding, parthenogenesis, polyvoltinism, xylomycetophagy, flightless males, polyphagy, to less extent by association with pathogenic fungi. For the second, polyphagous, typical traits are polyphagy, feeding on wood, high fecundity, distance sex pheromones presence, development for one year or more. The third strategy, intermediate, possesses such features as mono- or olygophagy, feeding on inner-bark, short (one year or less) life cycle. Aggressive, the last one includes monophagous species using aggregation pheromones, associated pathogens, short life cycle, and consuming inner-bark. The main traits contributing to significant damage are high fecundity, polyvoltinism, symbiotic plant pathogens, long-range or aggregation pheromones. Abstract The present study attempts to identify the biological characteristics of invasive (high-impact in the secondary area) bark beetles and borers species, contributing to their success in an invaded area. We selected 42 species based on the CABI website data on invasive species and information on the most studied regional faunas. Four groups of species with different invasion strategies were identified based on the cluster and factor analysis. The first one (inbred strategy) is characterized by flightless males, xylomycetophagy, low fecundity (~50 eggs), inbreeding, polyvoltinism, and polyphagy. Species with an aggressive strategy are poly- or monovoltine, feeds on a limited number of hosts, larval feeding on the inner bark, are often associated with phytopathogens, and produce aggregation pheromones. Representatives of the polyphagous strategy have a wide range of hosts, high fecundity (~150 eggs), larval feeding on wood, and their life cycle is at least a year long. For the intermediate strategy, the typical life cycle is from a year or less, medium fecundity, feed on inner bark tissues, mono- or oligophagy. Comparison with low-impact alien species showed that the most significant traits from the viewpoint of the potential danger of native plant species are high fecundity, polyvoltinism, presence of symbiotic plant pathogens, long-range or aggregation pheromones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis A. Demidko
- Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Science, 50, bil. 28, Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Scientific Laboratory of Forest Health, Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Krasnoyarskii Rabochii Prospekt. 31, 660037 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
- Correspondence: (D.A.D.); (P.V.M.)
| | - Natalia N. Demidko
- Department of Medical and Biological Basics of Physical Education and Health Technologies, School of Physical Education, Sport and Tourism, Siberian Federal University, Svobodny ave. 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
| | - Pavel V. Mikhaylov
- Scientific Laboratory of Forest Health, Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Krasnoyarskii Rabochii Prospekt. 31, 660037 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
- Correspondence: (D.A.D.); (P.V.M.)
| | - Svetlana M. Sultson
- Scientific Laboratory of Forest Health, Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Krasnoyarskii Rabochii Prospekt. 31, 660037 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
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Brundu G, Pauchard A, Pyšek P, Pergl J, Bindewald AM, Brunori A, Canavan S, Campagnaro T, Celesti-Grapow L, Dechoum MDS, Dufour-Dror JM, Essl F, Flory SL, Genovesi P, Guarino F, Guangzhe L, Hulme PE, Jäger H, Kettle CJ, Krumm F, Langdon B, Lapin K, Lozano V, Le Roux JJ, Novoa A, Nuñez MA, Porté AJ, Silva JS, Schaffner U, Sitzia T, Tanner R, Tshidada N, Vítková M, Westergren M, Wilson JRU, Richardson DM. Global guidelines for the sustainable use of non-native trees to prevent tree invasions and mitigate their negative impacts. NEOBIOTA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.61.58380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sustainably managed non-native trees deliver economic and societal benefits with limited risk of spread to adjoining areas. However, some plantations have launched invasions that cause substantial damage to biodiversity and ecosystem services, while others pose substantial threats of causing such impacts. The challenge is to maximise the benefits of non-native trees, while minimising negative impacts and preserving future benefits and options.
A workshop was held in 2019 to develop global guidelines for the sustainable use of non-native trees, using the Council of Europe – Bern Convention Code of Conduct on Invasive Alien Trees as a starting point.
The global guidelines consist of eight recommendations: 1) Use native trees, or non-invasive non-native trees, in preference to invasive non-native trees; 2) Be aware of and comply with international, national, and regional regulations concerning non-native trees; 3) Be aware of the risk of invasion and consider global change trends; 4) Design and adopt tailored practices for plantation site selection and silvicultural management; 5) Promote and implement early detection and rapid response programmes; 6) Design and adopt tailored practices for invasive non-native tree control, habitat restoration, and for dealing with highly modified ecosystems; 7) Engage with stakeholders on the risks posed by invasive non-native trees, the impacts caused, and the options for management; and 8) Develop and support global networks, collaborative research, and information sharing on native and non-native trees.
The global guidelines are a first step towards building global consensus on the precautions that should be taken when introducing and planting non-native trees. They are voluntary and are intended to complement statutory requirements under international and national legislation. The application of the global guidelines and the achievement of their goals will help to conserve forest biodiversity, ensure sustainable forestry, and contribute to the achievement of several Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations linked with forest biodiversity.
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11
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Jactel H, Desprez-Loustau ML, Battisti A, Brockerhoff E, Santini A, Stenlid J, Björkman C, Branco M, Dehnen-Schmutz K, Douma JC, Drakulic J, Drizou F, Eschen R, Franco JC, Gossner MM, Green S, Kenis M, Klapwijk MJ, Liebhold AM, Orazio C, Prospero S, Robinet C, Schroeder M, Slippers B, Stoev P, Sun J, van den Dool R, Wingfield MJ, Zalucki MP. Pathologists and entomologists must join forces against forest pest and pathogen invasions. NEOBIOTA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.58.54389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The world’s forests have never been more threatened by invasions of exotic pests and pathogens, whose causes and impacts are reinforced by global change. However, forest entomologists and pathologists have, for too long, worked independently, used different concepts and proposed specific management methods without recognising parallels and synergies between their respective fields. Instead, we advocate increased collaboration between these two scientific communities to improve the long-term health of forests.
Our arguments are that the pathways of entry of exotic pests and pathogens are often the same and that insects and fungi often coexist in the same affected trees. Innovative methods for preventing invasions, early detection and identification of non-native species, modelling of their impact and spread and prevention of damage by increasing the resistance of ecosystems can be shared for the management of both pests and diseases.
We, therefore, make recommendations to foster this convergence, proposing in particular the development of interdisciplinary research programmes, the development of generic tools or methods for pest and pathogen management and capacity building for the education and training of students, managers, decision-makers and citizens concerned with forest health.
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12
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Liu LN, Zheng SJ, Guo ZX, Li XD, Li JB, Zeng L. Complete mitochondrial genome of banana new pest Basilepta fulvipes (Coleoptera: Eumolpinae) and phylogenetic analysis. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2020; 5:2996-2997. [PMID: 33458031 PMCID: PMC7782735 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1797572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Basilepta fulvipes (Motschulsky, 1860) is a banana new pest and mainly distributed in Eastern Asia. The complete mitogenome of B. fulvipes (GenBank accession number MT627597) is 15,762 bp in size, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs genes and a noncoding D-loop region. The D-loop region is located between 12S rRNA and tRNAIle. The base composition of the whole B. fulvipes mitogenome is 41.66% for A, 8.89% for G, 34.32% for T and 15.12% for C, with a high AT bias of 75.98%. The present data could contribute to further detailed phylogeographic analysis and comprehensive control of this banaba new pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Liu
- Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Si-Jun Zheng
- Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Bioversity International, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Guo
- Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Xun-Dong Li
- Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Jin-Bin Li
- Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
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Li HP, Wickham JD, Bushley K, Wang ZG, Zhang B, Sun JH. New Approaches in Urban Forestry to Minimize Invasive Species Impacts: The Case of Xiongan New Area in China. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11050300. [PMID: 32408656 PMCID: PMC7290593 DOI: 10.3390/insects11050300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
China is implementing an extensive urban forestry plan in Xiongan New Area (XNA), a new city in Hebei province. The city has been designated to serve Beijing’s noncapital functions and promote the integration of the broader Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei city-region. As part of a green initiative to minimize environmental impacts and its carbon footprint, a massive urban forestry system has been planned on an unprecedented scale, expected to cover over 600 km2 by 2030. Using science to inform policy, one major goal is to simultaneously minimize impacts of invasive species, while making urban forests more resilient to potential invasive species threats. In this review, we introduce these urban forestry plans such as basic concepts and principles for afforestation, tree species to be planted, delineation of existing pests already established, and expected forest invasive species of concern threatening the new area. Finally, we introduce a framework for invasive pest management strategies in XNA based on a “big data” approach and decision system to minimize impacts of invasive species. This new approach to urban forestry has the potential to become an exemplary global model for urban forestry planning, one that integrates research activities focused on forest health surveys and monitoring with sustainable forestry management. Finally, we provide an overview of the forest health policy required for the design of an unprecedentedly large new urban forest from initial planning to full implementation of an integrated forest management program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Germplasm Resources and Forest Protection of Hebei Province, Forestry College of Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (H.-P.L.); (Z.-G.W.)
| | - Jacob D. Wickham
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (J.D.W.); (J.-H.S.)
| | - Kathryn Bushley
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Germplasm Resources and Forest Protection of Hebei Province, Forestry College of Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (H.-P.L.); (Z.-G.W.)
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (J.D.W.); (J.-H.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-64807071
| | - Jiang-Hua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (J.D.W.); (J.-H.S.)
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
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14
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A worldwide perspective of the legislation and regulations governing sentinel plants. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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McLaughlin GM, Dearden PK. Invasive Insects: Management Methods Explored. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2019; 19:5587051. [PMID: 31612947 PMCID: PMC6792099 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iez085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Invasive insect species can act as a plague across the globe, capable of vast expansion and rapid, proliferate reproduction. The spread of pathogens of serious diseases such as malaria and Zika virus and damages to agricultural crops number some of the afflictions invasive insects provide to humans alone. Additionally, an escape from predators can fail to keep invasive insects in check, providing potential threats such as extra resource competition to native species when insects invade. A variety of methods are employed to combat these invasive species, each with their own varying levels of success. Here, we explore the more traditional methods of invasive insect pest control, such as pesticides and biological control. In lieu of several unintended consequences resulting from such practices, we suggest some should be abandoned. We evaluate the potential of new techniques, in particular, those with a genetic component, regarding the costs, benefits and possible consequences of implementing them. And finally, we consider which techniques should be the focus of future research, if we truly wish to manage or even eradicate invasive insects in their introduced lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma M McLaughlin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - Peter K Dearden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Genomics Aotearoa, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Mansfield S, McNeill MR, Aalders LT, Bell NL, Kean JM, Barratt BI, Boyd-Wilson K, Teulon DA. The value of sentinel plants for risk assessment and surveillance to support biosecurity. NEOBIOTA 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.48.34205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Effective surveillance for early detection of invasive alien species in natural ecosystems, or on valued plants found in modified areas, could prevent potentially devastating and costly impacts (whether environmental, economic or cultural) of new invasions on the invaded country. Surveillance technologies are often constrained by a range of factors. Determining which species present a significant risk before they reach the border is an effective strategy to minimize the possibility of invasion and/or the impact of invasion. Surveillance of sentinel plants provides an important tool to strengthen biosecurity programs assisting with i) detecting and identifying insect pests, nematodes and plant diseases that could potentially invade uncolonized countries, and ii) developing pest risk analysis profiles to eliminate or mitigate the risk of arrival. This review examines some of the challenges and opportunities provided by sentinel plant research and discusses the factors that could affect the success of their use for biosecurity risk assessment and surveillance in the New Zealand context.
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Morales-Rodríguez C, Anslan S, Auger-Rozenberg MA, Augustin S, Baranchikov Y, Bellahirech A, Burokienė D, Čepukoit D, Çota E, Davydenko K, Doğmuş Lehtijärvi HT, Drenkhan R, Drenkhan T, Eschen R, Franić I, Glavendekić M, de Groot M, Kacprzyk M, Kenis M, Kirichenko N, Matsiakh I, Musolin DL, Nowakowska JA, O’Hanlon R, Prospero S, Roques A, Santini A, Talgø V, Tedersoo L, Uimari A, Vannini A, Witzell J, Woodward S, Zambounis A, Cleary M. Forewarned is forearmed: harmonized approaches for early detection of potentially invasive pests and pathogens in sentinel plantings. NEOBIOTA 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.47.34276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The number of invasive alien pest and pathogen species affecting ecosystem functioning, human health and economies has increased dramatically over the last decades. Discoveries of invasive pests and pathogens previously unknown to science or with unknown host associations yet damaging on novel hosts highlights the necessity of developing novel tools to predict their appearance in hitherto naïve environments. The use of sentinel plant systems is a promising tool to improve the detection of pests and pathogens before introduction and to provide valuable information for the development of preventative measures to minimize economic or environmental impacts. Though sentinel plantings have been established and studied during the last decade, there still remains a great need for guidance on which tools and protocols to put into practice in order to make assessments accurate and reliable. The sampling and diagnostic protocols chosen should enable as much information as possible about potential damaging agents and species identification. Consistency and comparison of results are based on the adoption of common procedures for sampling design and sample processing. In this paper, we suggest harmonized procedures that should be used in sentinel planting surveys for effective sampling and identification of potential pests and pathogens. We also review the benefits and limitations of various diagnostic methods for early detection in sentinel systems, and the feasibility of the results obtained supporting National Plant Protection Organizations in pest and commodity risk analysis.
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18
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EU Legislation on Forest Plant Health: An Overview with a Focus on Fusarium circinatum. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9090568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The increase in arrivals of new forest pests highlights the need for effective phytosanitary legislation and measures. This paper introduces legislation targeted at prevention and management of potential introductions of forest pests and pathogens. An overview is given on plant health regulations on global and regional level with detailed information on the situation in the European Union (EU). The current and new European legislation is discussed, and a particular focus is given on eradication and contingency plans for Fusarium circinatum. We identified key aspects relevant for the improvement of the efficacy of measures aimed to prevent alien pests.
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Redlich S, Clemens J, Bader MKF, Pendrigh D, Perret-Gentil A, Godsoe W, Teulon DAJ, Brockerhoff EG. Identifying new associations between invasive aphids and Pinaceae trees using plant sentinels in botanic gardens. Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1817-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Kenis M, Li H, Fan JT, Courtial B, Auger-Rozenberg MA, Yart A, Eschen R, Roques A. Sentinel nurseries to assess the phytosanitary risks from insect pests on importations of live plants. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11217. [PMID: 30046130 PMCID: PMC6060114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29551-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ornamental plants represent a major pathway of invasion for alien pests worldwide. Commodity risk analyses are carried out to assess the risk posed by a new trade in a commodity, but they are restricted by our limited knowledge of the pests carried by traded plants. We used the sentinel nursery technique to identify insects attacking woody plants imported into Europe. We established two sentinel nurseries in China, with five traded Asian plants. These nurseries were monitored for two years to obtain lists of insects that can be expected on these commodities. These records were compared with those obtained from literature surveys, which are usually the sources of information available to pest risk assessors. At each site, 105 insect species and host associations were found on sentinel plants and 90% of these associations had not been found in a previous literature survey of insect pests of the five plants. Nearly 80% of these associations were not found in an a posteriori literature survey. An assessment classified 9%, 7% and 84% of the insect records as presenting a high, moderate and low likelihood of introduction, respectively. These results show the benefit of sentinel nurseries to identify potential infestation of plant commodity imports.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongmei Li
- MoA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jian-Ting Fan
- School of Forestry and Bio-technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, China
| | | | | | - Annie Yart
- INRA UR 633 Zoologie Forestière, 45075, Orléans, France
| | | | - Alain Roques
- INRA UR 633 Zoologie Forestière, 45075, Orléans, France
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21
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Vettraino AM, Li HM, Eschen R, Morales-Rodriguez C, Vannini A. The sentinel tree nursery as an early warning system for pathway risk assessment: Fungal pathogens associated with Chinese woody plants commonly shipped to Europe. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188800. [PMID: 29186190 PMCID: PMC5706704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction of and invasion by alien plant pathogens represents the main cause of emerging infectious diseases affecting domesticated and wild plant species worldwide. The trade in living plants is the most common pathway of introduction. Many of the alien tree pathogens recently introduced into Europe were not previously included on any quarantine lists. To help determine the potential risk of pest introduction through trading of ornamental plants, a sentinel nursery was established in Beijing, China in 2008. The sentinel nursery planting included four of the most common ornamental woody species shipped to Europe including Ilex cornuta var. fortunae, Zelkova schneideriana, Fraxinus chinensis and Buxus microphylla. Symptoms developing on these species within the sentinel nursery were detected in 2013 and consisted of necrotic spots on leaves, canker and stem necrosis, shoot blight and shoot necrosis. Fungi associated with the trees and their symptoms included Alternaria alternata detected from all hosts; Diaporthe liquidambaris and Diaporthe capsici from bark and leaf necrosis of Zelkova schneideriana; Botryosphaeria dothidea and Nothophoma quercina from stem cankers on Fraxinus chinensis and leaf necrosis on Ilex cornuta; and Pseudonectria foliicola from leaf necrosis on Buxus microphylla. Next generation sequencing analysis from asymptomatic tissues detected eighteen OTU's at species level among which some taxa had not been previously recorded in Europe. These results clearly demonstrate that looking at trees of internationally traded species in the region of origin can reveal the presence of potentially harmful organisms of major forestry, landscape or crop trees. Results of this study also provide an indication as to how some disease agents can be introduced using pathways other than the co-generic hosts. Hence, sentinel nurseries represent one potential mechanism to address the current lack of knowledge about pests in the countries from where live plants are shipped and the threats they represent to native flora and crops in importing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong-Mei Li
- CABI, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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22
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23
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A risk categorisation and analysis of the geographic and temporal dynamics of the European import of plants for planting. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1465-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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24
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Susaeta A, Soto JR, Adams DC, Hulcr J. Pre-invasion economic assessment of invasive species prevention: A putative ambrosia beetle in Southeastern loblolly pine forests. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 183:875-881. [PMID: 27665126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Invasive wood borers vectoring pathogenic fungi have nearly exterminated several North American tree species, and it is unclear whether landscape dominant trees, such as pines, will face similar threats in the future. This paper explores the economic impacts of a hypothetical arrival of a destructive ambrosia beetle "X" (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) that infests loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) forests in the Southeastern United States. We develop an economic framework for pre-invasion assessment that incorporates fluctuating economic and environmental conditions for a representative loblolly pine stand and biological assumptions from the ongoing laurel wilt epidemic. Assuming an initial annual probability of arrival of a pine infesting ambrosia beetle to be between 0.04 and 0.07, we determine that, on average, the timber economic benefits for a forest landowner are $5325.3 ha-1, with a harvest time of 17.8 years. Our results indicate that an increase in enforcement consistent with an international phytosanitary standard that partially prevents the arrival of ambrosia beetles (30% arrival reduction) would have a strong, positive impact for forest landowners. On average, economic revenues increase to $6116.4 ha-1 and the harvest age is extended to 19 years. On average, the economic losses for forest landowners with no control of ambrosia beetle X would be $791 ha-1, with a harvest time reduction of 1.2 years. The upper-bound regional cost savings from pine-dominated forestry would be roughly $4.6 billion dollars if invasion preventative measures are in place. These benefits vastly outweigh the cost of programs that reduce the expected arrival of exotic ambrosia beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Susaeta
- 315 Newins Ziegler Hall, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110410, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - José R Soto
- 373 Newins Ziegler Hall, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Damian C Adams
- 355 Newins Ziegler Hall, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Jiri Hulcr
- 317 Newins Ziegler Hall, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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25
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Goldson SL, Barratt BIP, Armstrong KF. Invertebrate Biosecurity Challenges in High-Productivity Grassland: The New Zealand Example. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1670. [PMID: 27895651 PMCID: PMC5108919 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To protect productive grasslands from pests and diseases, effective pre- and at-border planning and interventions are necessary. Biosecurity failure inevitably requires expensive and difficult eradication, or long-term and often quite ineffective management strategies. This is compared to the early intervention more likely for sectors where there is public and political interest in plants of immediate economic and/or social value, and where associated pests are typically located above-ground on host plantings of relatively limited distribution. Here, biosecurity surveillance and responses can be readily designed. In contrast, pastures comprising plants of low inherent unit value create little, if any, esthetic interest. Yet, given the vast extent of pasture in New Zealand and the value of the associated industries, these plants are of immense economic importance. Compounding this is the invasibility of New Zealand's pastoral ecosystems through a lack of biotic resistance to incursion and invasion. Further, given the sheer area of pasture, intervention options are limited because of costs per unit area and the potential for pollution if pesticides are used. Biosecurity risk for pastoral products differs from, say, that of fruit where at least part of an invasive pathway can be recognized and risks assessed. The ability to do this via pastoral sector pathways is much reduced, since risk organisms more frequently arrive via hitchhiker pathways which are diffuse and varied. Added to this pasture pests within grassland ecosystems are typically cryptic, often with subterranean larval stages. Such characteristics make detection and response particularly difficult. The consequences of this threaten to add to the already-increasing stressors of production intensification and climate change. This review explores the unique challenges faced by pasture biosecurity and what may be done to confront existing difficulties. While there is no silver bullet, and limited opportunity pre- and at-border for improving pasture biosecurity, advancement may include increased and informed vigilance by farmers, pheromone traps and resistant plants to slow invasion. Increasingly, there is also the potential for more use of improved population dispersal models and surveillance strategies including unmanned aerial vehicles, as well as emerging techniques to determine invasive pest genomes and their geographical origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L. Goldson
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln UniversityCanterbury, New Zealand
- Biocontrol and Biosecurity Group, AgResearchCanterbury, New Zealand
| | | | - Karen F. Armstrong
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln UniversityCanterbury, New Zealand
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26
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27
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Using a botanical garden to assess factors influencing the colonization of exotic woody plants by phyllophagous insects. Oecologia 2016; 182:243-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3645-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Havill NP, Shiyake S, Lamb Galloway A, Foottit RG, Yu G, Paradis A, Elkinton J, Montgomery ME, Sano M, Caccone A. Ancient and modern colonization of North America by hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), an invasive insect from East Asia. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:2065-80. [PMID: 26880353 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae, is an invasive pest of hemlock trees (Tsuga) in eastern North America. We used 14 microsatellites and mitochondrial COI sequences to assess its worldwide genetic structure and reconstruct its colonization history. The resulting information about its life cycle, biogeography and host specialization could help predict invasion by insect herbivores. We identified eight endemic lineages of hemlock adelgids in central China, western China, Ulleung Island (South Korea), western North America, and two each in Taiwan and Japan, with the Japanese lineages specializing on different Tsuga species. Adelgid life cycles varied at local and continental scales with different sexual, obligately asexual and facultatively asexual lineages. Adelgids in western North America exhibited very high microsatellite heterozygosity, which suggests ancient asexuality. The earliest lineages diverged in Asia during Pleistocene glacial periods, as estimated using approximate Bayesian computation. Colonization of western North America was estimated to have occurred prior to the last glacial period by adelgids directly ancestral to those in southern Japan, perhaps carried by birds. The modern invasion from southern Japan to eastern North America caused an extreme genetic bottleneck with just two closely related clones detected throughout the introduced range. Both colonization events to North America involved host shifts to unrelated hemlock species. These results suggest that genetic diversity, host specialization and host phylogeny are not predictive of adelgid invasion. Monitoring non-native sentinel host trees and focusing on invasion pathways might be more effective methods of preventing invasion than making predictions using species traits or evolutionary history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P Havill
- Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Hamden, Connecticut 06514, USA
| | | | - Ashley Lamb Galloway
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Robert G Foottit
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Guoyue Yu
- Institute of Plant & Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agricultural & Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Annie Paradis
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Joseph Elkinton
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | | | - Masakazu Sano
- Systematic Entomology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Adalgisa Caccone
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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29
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Barham E, Sharrock S, Lane C, Baker R. The International Plant Sentinel Network: a tool for Regional and National Plant Protection Organizations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/epp.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Barham
- Botanic Gardens Conservation International; 199 Kew Road Richmond TW9 3BW (UK)
| | - S. Sharrock
- Botanic Gardens Conservation International; 199 Kew Road Richmond TW9 3BW (UK)
| | - C. Lane
- Fera; Sand Hutton York YO41 1LZ (UK)
| | - R. Baker
- Department for Environment; Food and Rural Affairs; Sand Hutton York YO41 1LZ (UK)
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30
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Klapwijk MJ, Hopkins AJM, Eriksson L, Pettersson M, Schroeder M, Lindelöw Å, Rönnberg J, Keskitalo ECH, Kenis M. Reducing the risk of invasive forest pests and pathogens: Combining legislation, targeted management and public awareness. AMBIO 2016; 45 Suppl 2:223-34. [PMID: 26744056 PMCID: PMC4705072 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-015-0748-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Intensifying global trade will result in increased numbers of plant pest and pathogen species inadvertently being transported along with cargo. This paper examines current mechanisms for prevention and management of potential introductions of forest insect pests and pathogens in the European Union (EU). Current European legislation has not been found sufficient in preventing invasion, establishment and spread of pest and pathogen species within the EU. Costs associated with future invasions are difficult to estimate but past invasions have led to negative economic impacts in the invaded country. The challenge is combining free trade and free movement of products (within the EU) with protection against invasive pests and pathogens. Public awareness may mobilise the public for prevention and detection of potential invasions and, simultaneously, increase support for eradication and control measures. We recommend focus on commodities in addition to pathways, an approach within the EU using a centralised response unit and, critically, to engage the general public in the battle against establishment and spread of these harmful pests and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje J Klapwijk
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Anna J M Hopkins
- Centre of Excellence for Climate Change, Woodlands and Forest Health, Murdoch University, WA 6150, Perth, Australia.
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Louise Eriksson
- Department of Geography and Economic History, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Maria Pettersson
- Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87, Luleå, Sweden.
| | | | - Åke Lindelöw
- Department of Ecology, SLU, Box 7044, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Rönnberg
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - E Carina H Keskitalo
- Department of Geography and Economic History, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Marc Kenis
- CABI Europe-Switzerland, 1 Rue des Grillons, 2800, Delémont, Switzerland.
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31
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Vettraino A, Roques A, Yart A, Fan JT, Sun JH, Vannini A. Sentinel trees as a tool to forecast invasions of alien plant pathogens. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120571. [PMID: 25826684 PMCID: PMC4380334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent disease outbreaks caused by alien invasive pathogens into European forests posed a serious threat to forest sustainability with relevant environmental and economic effects. Many of the alien tree pathogens recently introduced into Europe were not previously included on any quarantine lists, thus they were not subject to phytosanitary inspections. The identification and description of alien fungi potentially pathogenic to native European flora before their introduction in Europe, is a paramount need in order to limit the risk of invasion and the impact to forest ecosystems. To determine the potential invasive fungi, a sentinel trees plot was established in Fuyang, China, using healthy seedlings of European tree species including Quercus petreae, Q. suber, and Q. ilex. The fungal assemblage associated with symptomatic specimens was studied using the tag-encoded 454 pyrosequencing of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS 1). Taxa with probable Asiatic origin were identified and included plant pathogenic genera. These results indicate that sentinel plants may be a strategic tool to improve the prevention of bioinvasions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alain Roques
- INRA-UR633, Zoologie Forestière, Centre de recherche d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Annie Yart
- INRA-UR633, Zoologie Forestière, Centre de recherche d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Jian-ting Fan
- School of Forestry and Bio-technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, China
| | - Jiang-hua Sun
- State key laboratory of Integrated Management of pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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