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Peng MQ, Karvonen-Gutierrez CA, Herman WH, Mukherjee B, Park SK. Phthalates and Incident Diabetes in Midlife Women: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:1947-1957. [PMID: 36752637 PMCID: PMC10348472 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Phthalates are hypothesized to contribute to diabetes, but longitudinal evidence in humans is limited. OBJECTIVE We examined whether phthalate exposure was associated with a higher incidence of diabetes in a racially/ethnically diverse cohort of midlife women. METHODS In the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation Multipollutant Study, we followed 1308 women without diabetes in 1999-2000 for 6 years. Eleven phthalate metabolites were measured in spot urine samples in 1999-2000 and 2002-2003. Incident diabetes was ascertained between 1999-2000 and 2005-2006. Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying exposure were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of diabetes associated with each phthalate metabolite, adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and health-related factors. Effect modification by race/ethnicity was examined with interaction terms. RESULTS Sixty-one women developed diabetes over 6 years (cumulative incidence = 4.7%). Among all women, several high-molecular-weight phthalate metabolites were associated with a higher incidence of diabetes, but none were statistically significant. There was effect modification by race/ethnicity. Among White women, each doubling of the concentrations of mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), monobenzyl phthalate, mono-carboxyoctyl phthalate, mono-carboxyisononyl phthalate (MCNP), and mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate was associated with a 30% to 63% higher incidence of diabetes (HR = 1.30, 95% CI, 1.03-1.65 for MCNP; HR = 1.63, 95% CI, 1.18-2.25 for MiBP). In contrast, phthalates were not associated with diabetes incidence in Black or Asian women. CONCLUSIONS Some phthalate metabolites were associated with a higher incidence of diabetes over 6 years, but the associations were inconsistent across racial/ethnic groups. Whether phthalates cause diabetes requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Q Peng
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - William H Herman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Peng MQ, Karvonen-Gutierrez CA, Herman WH, Mukherjee B, Park SK. Phthalate exposure is associated with more rapid body fat gain in midlife women: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Multi-Pollutant Study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114685. [PMID: 36341787 PMCID: PMC9870605 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major threat to health, but the etiology of obesity is incompletely understood. Phthalates, synthetic chemicals ubiquitous in the environment, are suspected to have obesogenic effects, but the relationship of phthalates and obesity in humans remains uncertain. We examined whether phthalate exposure was associated with body fat gain in midlife women. We analyzed data from 1369 women in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation Multi-Pollutant Study. Eleven phthalate metabolites measured in spot urine samples at baseline (1999/2000) were standardized with covariate-adjusted creatinine. Body weight (BW), fat mass (FM) from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and body fat percentage (BF%) from DXA were measured near-annually until 2016/2017. For each metabolite, linear mixed effects models with time and log2(metabolite) interactions were examined, adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and menopause-related factors. Analyses were conducted overall and stratified by baseline obesity status. As sensitivity analyses, all analyses were repeated using a second set of metabolites measured in 2002/2003. Higher levels of all metabolites except mono-carboxy-isononyl phthalate were associated with faster increases in BF%. Per doubling of metabolite concentrations, differences in five-year BF% change ranged from 0.03 percentage point (ppt) (95% confidence interval (CI): -0.03, 0.09) for mono-isobutyl phthalate to 0.09 ppt (95% CI: 0.02, 0.16) for mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate. Results were similar for FM change, but associations with BW change were mostly null. In stratified analyses by baseline obesity status, positive associations were strongest in women who were normal/underweight at baseline. When metabolites from 2002/2003 were used as exposures, most associations were attenuated and not statistically significant, but they remained positive for normal/underweight women. In conclusion, phthalate metabolites were associated with more rapid body fat gain in midlife women, but our results need confirmation given attenuation of estimates in the sensitivity analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Q Peng
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Carrie A Karvonen-Gutierrez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - William H Herman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 3110 Taubman Center, SPC 5368, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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Gardener H, Nguyen V, Hoepner LA. Phthalate and bisphenol a exposures during pregnancy: Findings from the National Children's Study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114122. [PMID: 35995224 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) during pregnancy can result in many adverse offspring health outcomes. Exposure to phthalates and BPA can vary depending on consumption of certain foods, some of which may vary by race/ethnicity. This study relates urine phthalate and BPA concentrations to sociodemographic and diet data. Concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA) and 11 phthalate metabolites were measured from spot urine at the third trimester visit of a sample of 485 pregnant women from the National Children's Study Vanguard Study Pilot data from seven U.S. cities. At the same time, food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) using the Diet*Calc software were obtained from 313 (65%) participants to assess dietary behavior. Overall, phthalate metabolites were highest among Hispanic women, particularly mBP, miBP, and mECPP, and these disparities were not explained by diet. Participants who did not attend college had higher concentrations of mBP, mBzP, mEP, and miBP, and lower mCOP. These disparities were also not explained by diet. The causes for these disparities should be further studied to reduce potential negative health outcomes associated with phthalate exposure for children of Hispanic or non-college educated women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Gardener
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Clinical Research Building, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Vivian Nguyen
- College of Medicine and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences of the School of Public Health, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11230, USA.
| | - Lori A Hoepner
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University School of Public Health, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11230, USA.
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Dong Y, Chen L, Gao D, Li Y, Chen M, Ma T, Ma Y, Liu J, Zhang Y, Ma Q, Wang X, Song Y, Zou Z, Ma J. Endogenous sex hormones homeostasis disruption combined with exogenous phthalates exposure increase the risks of childhood high blood pressure: A cohort study in China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 168:107462. [PMID: 35998410 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The structural similarity between sex hormones and exogenous phthalates (PAEs) enabled them as disrupters in regulating childhood blood pressure (BP). We aim to explore the association of sex hormones homeostasis and PAEs metabolites with childhood high BP (HBP). METHODS A cohort study was conducted with 1416 children aged 7-13 years at baseline and with 824, 819, and 801 children completing three waves' follow up. Serum testosterone (TT) and estradiol (E2) in children during three consecutive waves of surveys were measured by radioimmunoassay, and then TT/E2 ratio calculated as TT divided by E2 were used to represent sex hormones homeostasis. Seven urinary PAEs metabolites were measured in children of first wave. The BP Z-Scores and HBP across waves were obtained by sex, age, and height specific percentiles. Log-binomial regression models with adjusted risk ratios (aRR) after adjusting for confounders were utilized. RESULTS The prevalence of HBP at the baseline survey was 25.5%, and increased from 26.3% in the first wave of survey to 35.0% in the third wave of survey. PAEs were negatively correlated with E2, while positively correlated with TT and TT/E2 ratio. A positive association of the serum TT levels, TT/E2 ratio, and total PAEs was found with HBP prevalence (in wave 1, 2 and 3 with TT (aRR): 1.63, 1.37 and 1.45; with TT/E2: 1.63, 1.42 and 1.20; with PAEs: 1.40, 1.32 and 1.32), persistent HBP (with TT (aRR): 2.19; TT/E2: 2.16; PAEs: 2.57), occasional HBP (with TT (aRR): 1.94; TT/E2: 1.72; PAEs: 1.38), and new HBP incidence (with TT (aRR): 1.44; TT/E2: 1.57; PAEs: 1.67), but E2 had a negative association with HBP phenotypes (HBP prevalence in wave 1, 2 and 3 (aRR): 0.77, 0.93, and 1.10; persistent HBP: 0.47; occasional HBP: 0.96; new HBP incidence: 0.81). The E2 and PAEs had antagonistic effects on HBP risks in children, particularly in girls and those with high BMI group, but the TT levels, TT/E2 ratio and PAEs had synergistic effects on HBP risks in children, particularly in boys and those with high BMI group. CONCLUSION Exogenous PAEs exposure and endogenous sex hormones homeostasis disruption independently increase the risks of HBP. Moreover, the exogenous PAEs exposure could disrupt the endogenous sex hormones homeostasis in children, thereby combinedly increased risks of childhood HBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Di Gao
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Manman Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qi Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, 750004, China
| | - Yi Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Zhiyong Zou
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
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Wu W, Ma ZL, Yang F, Wu P, Zhang DX, Zeng R, Sun DL, Cao L. Urinary phthalate metabolites in pregnant women: occurrences, related factors, and association with maternal hormones. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:33372-33382. [PMID: 35029832 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate phthalate metabolite levels in pregnant women, to explore the factors influencing exposure, and to assess phthalate metabolite levels in relation to thyroid hormone synthesis. We recruited 463 pregnant women and collected urine, blood, and questionnaire data at participant's first prenatal examination. Ten phthalate metabolites were analyzed: mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP); mono-methyl phthalate (MMP); mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP); mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP); mono-n-octyl phthalate (MOP); mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP); and the metabolite of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), which were mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate, and mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate. Multivariable generalized estimating equation models and linear mixed models were used to predict urinary biomarker concentrations and to assess the associations between phthalate exposure and thyroid hormones. Positive associations were found between phthalate metabolites and lower education (MEP and MOP), living near the road (MEP, MnBP, and ∑DEHP), and consuming more puffed food (MEP and MBzP). In addition, MnBP (percent change [%△] = 4.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.32, 8.18) and ∑DEHP (%△ = 5.12; 95% CI = 1.25, 8.99) were positively associated with thyroid-stimulating hormones, although MEP and MnBP were inversely associated with free thyroxine and total triiodothyronine. Our findings suggest that certain habits and behaviors were predictive of the positive presence of phthalate metabolites and that certain phthalate esters are associated with altered thyroid hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Zhi-Li Ma
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Fang Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Ping Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - De-Xin Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Dan-Ling Sun
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Liu Cao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
- Ezhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Ezhou, 436000, China.
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Dong Y, Gao D, Li Y, Yang Z, Wang X, Chen M, Wang Z, Song Y, Zou Z, Ma J. Effect of childhood phthalates exposure on the risk of overweight and obesity: A nested case-control study in China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106886. [PMID: 34628254 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There was growing interest in endocrine disrupting chemicals that might have effect on the obesity epidemic, but few studies on the association of phthalates (PAEs) with childhood overweight and obesity in China based on longitudinal cohort study were available, which was the purpose of the present study. METHODS A nested case-control study was conducted in a prospective cohort of 2298 children aged 7-13 years from October 2017 to October 2020 with five waves visits in Xiamen city, China. A total of 829 children remained in the first wave of follow up with collection of urine for measuring seven PAEs metabolites, including mono-methyl phthalate (MMP), mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), mono-iso-butyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate (MEOHP) and mono-2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl phthalate (MEHHP), utilizing ultra high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Overweight and obesity, defined by WHO classifications, were allocated to the cases group, and those of all normal weight and matched cases with normal weight in each wave of follow-up as two control groups. Logistic regression models after adjusting for confounders were utilized to analyze the effect of PAEs on overweight and obesity in children with divided four groups based on the quartile distribution of each and total PAEs concentration. RESULTS The detection rates of children for each PAEs metabolite were 99.4% for MMP, 99.4% for MEP, 99.8% for MBP, 54.5% for MEHP, 84.4% for MEOHP, 99.9% for MEHHP, and 97.2% for MiBP. The geometric mean of concentrations of PAEs, MMP, MEP, MBP, MEHP, MEHHP, and MiBP were 310.085, 34.658, 9.127, 166.347, 7.043, 3.400, 18.571, and 24.093 (ng/ml), respectively. The total PAEs and seven metabolites concentrations were positively associated with childhood BMI Z-Scores with statistically significant slope rates and correlation coefficients, and were higher in the cases group than those in two controls groups in each wave of follow-up. The PAEs concentrations in the cases group was 5.90 (95 %CI: 5.79, 6.01) ng/ml in the first wave of survey, which was higher than those normal controls group (5.68 (95 %CI: 5.61, 5.75) ng/ml, P < 0.001) and matched controls group (5.72 (95 %CI: 5.61, 5.84) ng/ml, P = 0.018). The prevalence and ORs of overweight and obesity increased with quartile group of each and total PAEs concentrations accompanying a dose-response relationship. Compared with the quartile1 reference group with lowest total PAEs concentrations, the ORs of overweight and obesity in quartile2, quartile3 and quartile4 group increased gradually and reached at 1.20 (0.74-1.95), 1.49 (0.93-2.38) and 2.22 (1.41-3.48), respectively (Ptrend < 0.001). The strength of the associations between PAEs and overweight and obesity was sex-specific in children. DISCUSSION Children in China were extensively exposed to PAEs, and the exposure to PAEs during childhood could significantly increase the risk of overweight and obesity with a dose-response relationship, particularly in girls. While limiting the exposure of PAEs products, the determination of exposure limit of plasticizer should be further strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Di Gao
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhaogeng Yang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xijie Wang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Manman Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhenghe Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yi Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Zhiyong Zou
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing 100191, China
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Wu W, Cao L, Zheng TT, Feng SY, Ma GW, He YY, Wu P. Prenatal phthalate exposure reduction through an integrated intervention strategy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:57183-57191. [PMID: 34085200 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14613-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy represents a sensitive susceptibility window to phthalate esters (PAEs). In this study, we develop an intervention strategy for reducing the exposure of pregnant women to phthalates. Thirty-five pregnant women, who initially underwent maternity examination, were recruited from an ongoing longitudinal prospective prenatal cohort study. The intervention strategy integrates diet, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Participants were encouraged to modify their behaviors and habits according to the intervention strategy at three different periods. Urine samples were collected from the participants after antenatal examination every month, for 8 months, to measure ten PAE metabolites. Mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) declined significantly after the 1st intervention, while mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) and mono-methyl phthalate (MMP) noticeably decreased after the 2nd intervention. The sum of the molar concentrations of MEHP, MEHHP, MEOHP, and MECPP reduced by 20 to 40% during subsequent intervention. In addition, the sum of the molar concentrations of MEP, MnBP, MMP, and MiBP as well as the sum of the molar concentrations of the ten metabolites also reduced. Our findings suggest that intervention through written recommendations can effectively reduce the burden of phthalates during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Liu Cao
- Ezhou Maternal And Child Health Hospital, Ezhou, 436000, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zheng
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Shu-Yu Feng
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Guan-Wei Ma
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Ying-Ying He
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Ping Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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Kim JH, Kwak JM, Kang H. Web-based behavioral intervention to reduce exposure to phthalate metabolites, bisphenol A, triclosan, and parabens in mothers with young children: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 236:113798. [PMID: 34186503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a web-based behavioral intervention was designed, which aimed to reduce exposure to phthalate metabolites, bisphenol A, triclosan, and parabens in mothers with young children. A randomized controlled design with two groups was used to verify the effects of the intervention pre- and post-test. In total, 51 mothers participated in the study, categorizing 26 and 25 in the intervention and control groups, respectively. The web-based behavioral intervention focused on changes in diet, personal care products, and health behavior and reinforced behavior through encouragement. This program included an educational video, a game for locating endocrine disruptors at home, a method for locating facilities potentially emitting endocrine disruptors, resources, and a questions and answers mode. Data were collected from May 18 to June 30, 2020. Participants allocated to the intervention group were provided access to the behavioral intervention website via a computer or smartphone. Participants allocated to the control group were sent written information about endocrine disruptors via mail. For both the intervention and control groups, questionnaire results and maternal urine samples were assessed at baseline, during the intervention, and after one month. After the intervention, the urinary concentrations of mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono (2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), bisphenol A (BPA), methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), and propylparaben (PP) were found to be significantly decreased in the intervention group. Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed significantly decreased urinary geometric mean values of MEHP, MEOHP, BPA, MP, and PP after one month compared with those during the intervention (3.8%, 16.3%, 28.4%, 9.2%, and 24.4%, respectively). Hence, the web-based behavioral intervention was effective at reducing the exposure to endocrine disruptors in mothers with young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Kim
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
| | - Jung Min Kwak
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
| | - Hyunjin Kang
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
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Cheng BJ, Xu PR, Wei R, Li XD, Sheng J, Wang SF, Liu KY, Chen GM, Tao FB, Wang QN, Yang LS. Levels and determinants of urinary phthalate metabolites in Chinese community-dwelling older adults. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:144173. [PMID: 33360337 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomonitoring studies have demonstrated extensive exposure of infants, children, and pregnant women to phthalates, but data on phthalate exposure and their determinants in Chinese older adults remain insufficient. This study aims to assess urinary phthalate metabolite levels, individual and cumulative exposure risk, and their determinants in Chinese community-dwelling older adults. METHODS A total of 987 individuals aged 60 years or over were included in this study. The urinary levels of seven phthalate metabolites were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard quotient (HQ), and hazard index (HI) of phthalates were calculated based on urinary metabolite levels. The associations between phthalate metabolite levels and potential determinants were examined using multiple linear regressions. RESULTS Detection rates of seven phthalate metabolites from the study population ranged from 63.83% to 99.39%. The highest median concentration was 43.64 μg/L (42.59 μg/g creatinine) for mono-butyl phthalate (MBP). The highest median EDI was 1.55 μg/kg-bw/day for diethyl phthalate (DBP). Nearly 5% of participants had high HI values exceeding 1, mainly attributed to DBP and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). Furthermore, we found that females, higher body mass index (BMI), smoking, having two or more chronic diseases, and vegetable-based diets were significantly associated with higher levels of parts of phthalate metabolites. More interestingly, higher urine levels of high-molecular-weight (HMW) phthalate metabolites and lower urine levels of low-molecular-weight (LMW) phthalate metabolites were found in rural older adults than in urban older adults. CONCLUSIONS Chinese community-dwelling older adults are extensively exposed to phthalates, especially to DBP and DEHP. More attention should be paid to urban-rural differences in exposure to HMW and LMW phthalates and to phthalate exposure among older adults with overweight/obesity, females, and individuals who are current heavy smokers, have two or more chronic diseases, and consume vegetable-based diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Jing Cheng
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Pei-Ru Xu
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Rong Wei
- Outpatient Department of the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xiu-de Li
- Lu'an Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lu'an, Anhui 237008, China
| | - Jie Sheng
- School of Public Health, Experimental Center for Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Su-Fang Wang
- School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Kai-Yong Liu
- School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Gui-Mei Chen
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Fang-Biao Tao
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Qu-Nan Wang
- School of Public Health, Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| | - Lin-Sheng Yang
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
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10
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Li YL, Lv J, Du ZP, Feng S, Sheng J, Jin ZX, Liu KY, Gao H, Li XD, Cao HJ, Yang LS, Xu DX, Tao FB, Wang QN. The levels of phthalate exposure and associations with obesity in an elderly population in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110749. [PMID: 32505048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few epidemiological studies on the correlation between phthalate exposure and elderly obesity in China are available. The purpose of the present study is to assess phthalate exposure levels and explore the connections between exposure to phthalates and obesity using a sample of Chinese community-dwelling elderly individuals. METHODS Data were acquired from the baseline survey of the Cohort of Health of Elderly and Controllable Factors of Environment, which was established in Lu'an, Anhui province, China, from June to September in 2016. Urine samples were obtained to analyze the concentrations of seven phthalate metabolites, utilizing a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. General obesity was determined based on body mass index, and abdominal obesity based on waist circumference. Binary logistic regression models were utilized to analyze the associations of creatinine-corrected phthalate metabolite concentrations (categorized into quartiles) with general and abdominal obesity in elderly people. Moreover, a stratified analysis was performed to explore the difference between genders. RESULTS Of 942 elderly individuals, 52.9% were defined as generally obese and 75.5% as abdominally obese. The detection rates of seven phthalate metabolites ranged from 90.07% to 99.80%. The highest median concentration was 44.08 μg/l (for MBP), and the lowest was 0.55 μg/l (for MEHP). The level of exposure to LMW(low-molecular-weight) PAEs is higher than that to HMW(high-molecular-weight) PAEs. After adjustment for confounding variables, we found a significant association between urinary MEOHP (mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate), MEHP (mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate), MBP (mono-n-butyl phthalate), MEP (mono-ethyl phthalate), and MMP (mono-methyl phthalate) levels and general obesity. MBP levels were also correlated with abdominal obesity. When stratified by gender, higher urinary levels of MEOHP, MBP, MEP, and MMP were associated with general obesity in males, whereas MBP and MMP levels were eminently correlated with general obesity in females. Higher urinary MBP levels were associated with increased abdominal obesity rates in males, but not in females. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, higher phthalate metabolite concentrations were correlated with obesity in the elderly. Moreover, a gender difference was observed in these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Li
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Jia Lv
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Du
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Shun Feng
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Jie Sheng
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Zhong-Xiu Jin
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Kai-Yong Liu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xiu-de Li
- Lu'an Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Lu'an, 237008, China
| | - Hong-Juan Cao
- Lu'an Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Lu'an, 237008, China
| | - Lin-Sheng Yang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Fang-Biao Tao
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Care, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qu-Nan Wang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, 230022, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Care, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, 230032, China.
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11
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Kim JH, Kim D, Moon SM, Yang EJ. Associations of lifestyle factors with phthalate metabolites, bisphenol A, parabens, and triclosan concentrations in breast milk of Korean mothers. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 249:126149. [PMID: 32062213 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of endocrine disruptors depends on the synergistic interactions of biological, environmental, and behavioral factors. The specific effects of diet, consumer product use, and behaviors, however, are debated in the literature, particularly with regard to endocrine disruptors found in breast milk. This study aimed to measure the levels of phthalate metabolites, bisphenol A, parabens, and triclosan in breast milk and to investigate their associations with various lifestyle factors. The breast milk samples as well as surveys were collected from 221 first-time mothers throughout South Korea and each sample was analyzed for the presence of 15 endocrine disruptors. Phthalate metabolites were detected in 5.4-83.3% of the samples, with median concentrations of 0.08-1.72 μg/L, while bisphenol A, parabens, and triclosan were detected in 25.8-88.2% of the samples, with median concentrations of 0.12-1.47 μg/L. High levels of endocrine disruptors were associated with frequent consumption of fish and cup noodles; the use of plastic and disposable food containers; the use of air fresheners, lotions and make-up; the purchase of new furniture; and socioeconomic status. We also observed the potential role of moderate walking activity on the reduction of these chemicals in breast milk. Our data provide evidence of the potential effects of diet, consumer products, and behavior on the presence of phthalate metabolites, bisphenol A, parabens, and triclosan in breast milk. Future studies should include community or regional impact on a mothers' exposure to endocrine disruptors, to assess the joint contribution of both individual and neighborhood factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Kim
- College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
| | - Dohyeong Kim
- School of Economic, Political and Policy Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, 75080, United States.
| | - Seung-Min Moon
- Department of Public Administration, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| | - Eun Jung Yang
- College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
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12
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Yao YC, Du YY, Wang YX, Deng TR, Liu C, Teng XM, Hua X, Yuan XQ, Guo N, Yin L, Zeng Q, Li YF. Predictors of phthalate metabolites in urine and follicular fluid and correlations between urine and follicular fluid phthalate metabolite concentrations among women undergoing in vitro fertilization. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 184:109295. [PMID: 32126376 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalate metabolites in follicular fluid (FF) may negatively affect normal folliculogenesis; however, the predictors of phthalate metabolite concentrations in urine and FF and relationships between urine and FF phthalate metabolite concentrations among women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To investigate predictors of phthalate metabolites in urine and FF and correlations between urine and FF phthalate metabolite concentrations among women undergoing IVF. METHOD We recruited 305 women seeking infertility treatment at a reproductive center in Wuhan, China, from October to November 2016. Information regarding demographic characteristics, personal care product use and plastic material contact was obtained through direct interviews. Concentrations of 8 phthalate metabolites in urine and FF samples were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Associations regarding metabolite concentrations in urine and FF samples were analysed by Spearman's correlation and linear regression. Generalized linear regression was used to examine potential predictors of phthalate metabolite concentrations in urine and FF. RESULTS Weak to moderate associations between urine and FF samples were found for monoethyl phthalate (MEP) and mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) (correlation coefficient: MEP, 0.350; MEOHP, 0.377); no associations were observed for other metabolites. The predictive powers of urinary metabolite concentrations in determining FF metabolite concentrations were uniformly low, with R2 ≤ 0.113. Body mass index (BMI) and educational level were inversely associated with the urinary concentrations of certain metabolites. Higher household income, intake of bottled drinks within 48 h, and use of shower gel and soap were frequently associated with higher urinary metabolite concentrations. BMI, higher household income and use of disposable plastic cups within 48 h were associated with higher metabolite concentrations in FF. CONCLUSION Phthalate metabolite concentrations in urine and FF vary according to sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle factors. Phthalate metabolite concentrations in urine may not be appropriate for estimating ovary phthalate exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Cheng Yao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yao-Yao Du
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yi-Xing Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tao-Ran Deng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xue-Mei Teng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiang Hua
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qiong Yuan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Na Guo
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Li Yin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu-Feng Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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13
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Pacyga DC, Sathyanarayana S, Strakovsky RS. Dietary Predictors of Phthalate and Bisphenol Exposures in Pregnant Women. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:803-815. [PMID: 31144713 PMCID: PMC6743849 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can disrupt fetal developmental processes during pregnancy, leading to long-term adverse outcomes in humans. A major source of exposure to EDCs, such as phthalates and bisphenols, is the food supply, primarily due to contamination from processing and packaging. Therefore, this review aimed to 1) review food-monitoring sources of phthalates and bisphenols, and 2) evaluate methodologies and provide future directions needed to establish EDC-limiting dietary recommendations in pregnancy. Using PubMed, 10 peer-reviewed studies were found on dietary predictors of EDC exposure in pregnancy, and all were selected for review. Use of plastic containers in pregnancy was associated with higher urinary phthalate metabolites, whereas canned food consumption was associated with higher urinary bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations. Foods and dietary patterns associated with healthier food choices (e.g., organic/grown/raised/caught foods, folic acid supplements, vegetarianism) were generally associated with lower urinary phthalate metabolite and BPA concentrations. Despite the many food-monitoring studies reporting high BPA and phthalate concentrations in various foods, the designs of most studies described here were not sufficiently robust to consistently detect associations of specific foods/food groups with phthalates and BPA. Given the limitations of currently available research, future studies should incorporate more valid questionnaires to accurately assess dietary EDC exposure, strive for concurrent diet and exposure assessment, and assess whether geographical and cultural differences modify associations of diet with gestational EDC exposures. Such progress will be critical for developing dietary recommendations that ensure the safety and health of pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Pacyga
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Rita S Strakovsky
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
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14
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Ibrahim AA, Qamar B, Fituri S, Akbar ZA, Al-Abdi T, Shi Z. Association between Soft Drink Consumption and Asthma among Qatari Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030606. [PMID: 30871131 PMCID: PMC6471171 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to examine the association between soft drink consumption and asthma and lung function among Qatari adults. In the cross-sectional study, we used data from 986 Qatari participants aged 20 years and above attending the Qatar Biobank Study. Usual consumption of soft drink was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Lung function was measured by spirometry and asthma was based on self-report. The associations between soft drink consumption and asthma and lung function were assessed using multivariable logistic and linear regression, respectively. In total, 65 participants out of 986 (6.6%) reported having asthma. A clear dose-response relationship between soft drink consumption and asthma was found. High soft drink consumers (≥7 times/week) were 2.60 (95% CI 1.20–5.63) times more likely to have asthma as compared to non-consumers. The association was partly mediated by BMI and inflammation. Diet soft drink consumption was positively associated with asthma (OR 1.12 (95% CI 1.02–1.23)) but not with lung function. Regular soft drink consumption was inversely associated with FEV1, but not with FVC. In conclusion, soft drink consumption is positively associated with asthma in Qatari adults. The association is partly mediated by obesity and inflammation. Limiting soft drink consumption should be taken into consideration for asthma prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Al Ibrahim
- Human Nutrition Department, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Bushra Qamar
- Human Nutrition Department, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Sundus Fituri
- Human Nutrition Department, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Zoha Ali Akbar
- Human Nutrition Department, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Tamara Al-Abdi
- Human Nutrition Department, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Zumin Shi
- Human Nutrition Department, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar.
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15
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Reeves KW, Santana MD, Manson JE, Hankinson SE, Zoeller RT, Bigelow C, Hou L, Wactawski-Wende J, Liu S, Tinker L, Calafat AM. Predictors of urinary phthalate biomarker concentrations in postmenopausal women. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 169:122-130. [PMID: 30447499 PMCID: PMC6347530 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates are ubiquitous endocrine disrupting chemicals present in a wide variety of consumer products. However, the personal characteristics associated with phthalate exposure are unclear. OBJECTIVES We sought to describe personal, behavioral, and reproductive characteristics associated with phthalate metabolite concentrations in an ongoing study nested within the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured thirteen phthalate metabolites in two or three archived urine samples collected in 1993-2001 from each of 1257 WHI participants (2991 observations). We fit multivariable generalized estimating equation models to predict urinary biomarker concentrations from personal, behavioral, and reproductive characteristics. RESULTS Older age was predictive of lower concentrations of monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono-carboxyoctyl phthalate (MCOP), mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate (MCPP), and the sum of di-n-butyl phthalate metabolites (ΣDBP). Phthalate metabolite concentrations varied by race/region, with generally higher concentrations observed among non-Whites and women from the West region. Higher neighborhood socioeconomic status predicted lower MBzP concentrations, and higher education predicted lower monoethyl phthalate (MEP) and higher concentrations of the sum of metabolites of di-isobutyl phthalate (ΣDiBP). Overweight/obesity predicted higher MBzP, MCOP, monocarboxynonyl phthalate (MCNP), MCPP, and the sum of metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (ΣDEHP) and lower MEP concentrations. Alcohol consumption predicted higher concentrations of MEP and ΣDBP, while current smokers had higher ΣDBP concentrations. Better diet quality as assessed by Healthy Eating Index 2005 scores predicted lower concentrations of MBzP, ΣDiBP, and ΣDEHP. CONCLUSION Factors predictive of lower biomarker concentrations included increased age and healthy behaviors (e.g. lower alcohol intake, lower body mass index, not smoking, higher quality diet, and moderate physical activity). Racial group (generally higher among non-Whites) and geographic regions (generally higher in Northeast and West compared to South regions) also were predictive of phthalate biomarker concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine W Reeves
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Mary Díaz Santana
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - R Thomas Zoeller
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Carol Bigelow
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Center for Population Epigenetics, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Simin Liu
- Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health and Departments of Epidemiology, Medicine, and Surgery, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lesley Tinker
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
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16
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Trudeau K, Rousseau MC, Csizmadi I, Parent MÉ. Dietary patterns among French-speaking men residing in Montreal, Canada. Prev Med Rep 2018; 13:205-213. [PMID: 30705807 PMCID: PMC6348735 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe dietary patterns among 1636 French-speaking men residing in Montreal, Canada and to assess sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics of men adhering to the dietary patterns identified. Participants were population controls from the Prostate Cancer and Environment Study, a case-control study conducted between 2006 and 2011 in Montreal. Information on diet was collected using a food frequency questionnaire, and principal component analysis, a data-driven method and a posteriori method, was used to identify dietary patterns. Three dietary patterns were identified; Healthy, Modified Western – Salty and Modified Western - Sweet patterns accounted for 7.0%, 5.4%, and 3.2% of the variance, respectively. The Healthy pattern was characterized by consumption of fruits, vegetables, vegetable soup, chicken, fish and seafood, cheese, rice, yogurt, and wine. The Modified Western – Salty pattern included high loadings for beef, pork, chicken, hot-dogs or sausages, cold cuts, bacon, barbecue cooking, meat slightly blackened, potatoes, pasta with tomato sauce, pizza, pastries, dark carbonated soft drinks, ice cream, and white bread. The third pattern, labelled as Modified Western - Sweet, had high loadings of cookies, muffins, cakes, pastries, pies, ice cream, fruits and vegetables. In multivariate analyses, the Healthy pattern was positively associated with higher income and education, moderate recreational physical activity and less heavy smoking, and inversely associated with French ancestry. The Modified Western – Salty pattern was positively associated with French, other European, and Latino ancestries, and with married and common-law relationships. Finally, the Modified Western – Sweet pattern was more common among men of French ancestry and users of vitamin/mineral supplements. The Healthy pattern has been frequently observed in other Western populations, but the other two are described for the first time in a study population of men. First study of data-driven dietary patterns focussing on men only in Montreal. 3 dietary patterns: Healthy, Modified Western –Salty, and Modified Western –Sweet. The Modified Western – Salty and Modified Western – Sweet patterns are novel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Trudeau
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Quebec, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada.,School of Public Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, 7101 avenue du Parc, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Rousseau
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Quebec, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada.,School of Public Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, 7101 avenue du Parc, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada.,University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, 900 Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, Pavillon R, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Ilona Csizmadi
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Marie-Élise Parent
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Quebec, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada.,School of Public Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, 7101 avenue du Parc, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada.,University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, 900 Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, Pavillon R, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
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Liao C, Liu W, Zhang J, Shi W, Wang X, Cai J, Zou Z, Lu R, Sun C, Wang H, Huang C, Zhao Z. Associations of urinary phthalate metabolites with residential characteristics, lifestyles, and dietary habits among young children in Shanghai, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 616-617:1288-1297. [PMID: 29122348 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to household phthalates has been reported to have adverse effects on children's health. In this paper, we used phthalate metabolites in the first morning urine as indicators of household phthalate exposures and examined their associations with residential characteristics, lifestyles and dietary habits among young children. During 2013-2014, we collected morning urines from children aged 5-10years in Shanghai, China and obtained the related information about analyzed factors in this study by questionnaires. Urinary phthalate metabolites were analyzed by isotope dilution-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-heated electrospray ionization source (HESI) coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. ANOVA, the Mann-Whitney or Kruskai-Wallis rank tests, and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to examine the target associations. Ten metabolites of seven phthalates in 434 urine samples were analyzed. The detection rates of eight metabolites (MiBP, MnBP, MEHP, MECPP, MEHHP, MEOHP, MEP, and MMP) were >90%, except for MBzP (51.2%), and MCHP with <10.0% of detection rate was not included in analyses. By multivariate linear regression analyses, factors significantly associated with higher concentrations of metabolites included non-usage household air cleaners (MEP and MEHP), changing the child's pillowcase less than one time a week (DEHP metabolites), dusting furniture in the child's bedroom less than three times a week (MMP and MnBP), using more plastic toys (DEHP metabolites and MEP), often having soft drinks (DEHP metabolites) and candies (MiBP). Our results indicated that phthalate exposures were common among Shanghai children and residential characteristics had less significant associations with urinary phthalate metabolites compared with lifestyles and dietary habits. Using less plastic toys, having less candies and soft drinks, using household air cleaner, as well as frequently changing the child's pillowcase and dusting furniture in the child's bedroom could reduce phthalate exposures among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Liao
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (USST), Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (USST), Shanghai, China; Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jialing Zhang
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (USST), Shanghai, China
| | - Wenming Shi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (USST), Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Cai
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (USST), Shanghai, China; School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhijun Zou
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (USST), Shanghai, China
| | - Rongchun Lu
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (USST), Shanghai, China
| | - Chanjuan Sun
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (USST), Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Zhoushan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (USST), Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhuohui Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai, China.
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Dong R, Zhou T, Zhao S, Zhang H, Zhang M, Chen J, Wang M, Wu M, Li S, Chen B. Food consumption survey of Shanghai adults in 2012 and its associations with phthalate metabolites in urine. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 101:80-88. [PMID: 28117142 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet is considered to be a significant exposure pathway for phthalates. In this study, we assessed the associations between food consumption and urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites among Shanghai adults. METHODS A cross-sectional study involving 2418 participants was conducted in the fall of 2012. Recent food consumption was assessed by a 24-h dietary recall survey, and a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) characterized long-term dietary patterns. Urinary metabolites of six phthalates were measured. RESULTS Both the 24-h recall survey and FFQ identified wheat, dairy, and fruits as being positively associated with the excretion of phthalate metabolites. The 24-h recall data also showed positive associations with processed meats and alcohol. We evaluated the impact of reported consumption of multiple food categories simultaneously (wheat, fruits, meats, etc.) on metabolite excretion and found that, as more food types were consumed, the number of metabolites excreted, as well as their concentrations, increased with high significance (p values<0.0001). We also evaluated the two survey instruments together. When both surveys reported consumption of fruits and dairy, the numbers of metabolites and their concentrations were significantly higher compared to when both surveys reported non-consumption, (p values<0.000001). Rice consumption was found to be negatively associated with phthalate excretion; frequent and high levels of rice consumption were found to be associated with lower excretion of metabolites. CONCLUSION Food consumption was associated with phthalate exposure in Shanghai adults. Both 24-h recall and FFQ identified significant associations between consumption of food types and phthalate exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Dong
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Shanghai Institutes of Preventive Medicine, China
| | - Shanzhen Zhao
- Shanghai Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingsi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wang
- Shanghai Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Univariate predictors of maternal concentrations of environmental chemicals: The MIREC study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2017; 220:77-85. [PMID: 28109710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The developing fetus and pregnant woman can be exposed to a variety of environmental chemicals that may adversely affect their health. Moreover, environmental exposure and risk disparities are associated with different social determinants, including socioeconomic status (SES) and demographic indicators. Our aim was to investigate whether and how maternal concentrations of a large panel of persistent and non-persistent environmental chemicals vary according to sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics in a large pregnancy and birth cohort. METHODS Data were analyzed from the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) Study, a cohort of pregnant women (N=2001) recruited over four years (2008-2011) in 10 cities across Canada. In all, 1890 urine and 1938 blood samples from the first trimester (1st and 3rd trimester for metals) were analysed and six sociodemographic and lifestyle indicators were assessed: maternal age, household income, parity, smoking status, country of birth and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). RESULTS We found these indicators to be significantly associated with many of the chemicals measured in maternal blood and urine. Women born outside Canada had significantly higher concentrations of di-2-ethylhexyl and diethyl phthalate metabolites, higher levels of all metals except cadmium (Cd), as well as higher levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and legacy organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). Nulliparity was associated with higher concentrations of dialkyl phosphates (DAPs), arsenic, dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA), perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and many of the persistent organic pollutants. Smokers had higher levels of bisphenol A, Cd and perfluorohexane sulfonate, while those women who had never smoked had higher levels of triclosan, DMAA, manganese and some OCPs. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that inequitable distribution of exposure to chemicals among populations within a country can occur. Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors are an important component of a thorough risk assessment as they can impact the degree of exposure and may modify the individual's susceptibility to potential health effects due to differences in lifestyle, cultural diets, and aging.
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Wu H, Ashcraft L, Whitcomb BW, Rahil T, Tougias E, Sites CK, Pilsner JR. Parental contributions to early embryo development: influences of urinary phthalate and phthalate alternatives among couples undergoing IVF treatment. Hum Reprod 2016; 32:65-75. [PMID: 27927842 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are preconception urinary concentrations of phthalates and phthalate alternatives associated with diminished early stage embryo quality in couples undergoing IVF? SUMMARY ANSWER Male, but not female, urinary concentrations of select metabolites of phthalates and phthalate alternatives are associated with diminished blastocyst quality. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Although phthalates are endocrine disrupting compounds associated with adverse reproductive health, they are in widespread use across the world. Male and female preconception exposures to select phthalates have been previously associated with adverse reproductive outcomes in both the general population and in those undergoing IVF. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This prospective cohort included 50 subfertile couples undergoing IVF in western Massachusetts. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS This study includes the first 50 couples recruited from the Baystate Medical Center's Fertility Center in Springfield, MA, as part of the Sperm Environmental Epigenetics and Development Study (SEEDS). Relevant data from both partners, including embryo quality at the cleavage (Day 3) and blastocyst (Day 5) stages, were collected by clinic personnel during the normal course of an IVF cycle. A spot urine sample was collected from both male and female partners on the same day as semen sample procurement and oocyte retrieval. Concentrations of 17 urinary metabolite were quantified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and normalized via specific gravity. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI, with urinary phthalates and phthalate alternatives fitted as continuous variables and embryo quality as a binary variable. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The 50 couples contributed 761 oocytes, of which 423 progressed to the cleavage stage, 261 were high-quality cleavage stage embryos, 137 were transferrable quality blastocysts and 47 were high-quality blastocysts. At the cleavage stage, male urinary monoethyl phthalate concentrations were positively associated with high-quality cleavage stage embryos (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.01-1.43, P = 0.04); no other significant associations were observed at this stage. At the blastocyst stage, male urinary concentrations of monobenzyl phthalate (OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.36-0.84, P = 0.01), mono-3-hydroxybutyl phthalate (OR = 0.37, 95% CI 0.18-0.76, P = 0.01), mono-n-butyl phthalate (OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.42-0.73, P < 0.01) and monomethyl phthalate (OR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.26-0.60, P < 0.01) were inversely associated with high-quality blastocysts. A borderline statistically significant relationship was observed for male concentrations of mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (OR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.27-1.00, P = 0.05) and cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid-monocarboxy isooctyl ester (OR = 0.21, 95% CI 0.04-1.03, P = 0.05) at the blastocyst stage. Similar inverse associations were observed between male urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and likelihood of transferrable quality blastocysts. For female partners, select metabolites were positively associated with odds of high or transferrable blastocyst quality, but the observed associations were not consistent across blastocyst quality measures or between sex-specific and couples-level models. All models were adjusted for age of both partners, urinary metabolite concentrations of female partners and male infertility status, while models of blastocysts were additionally adjusted for embryo quality at cleavage stage. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our modest sample included only 50 couples contributing one cycle each. In addition, non-differential misclassification of exposure remains a concern given the single-spot urine collection and the short half-life of phthalates. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our results suggest an inverse association between male preconception concentrations of select phthalate metabolites and blastocyst quality, likely occurring after genomic activation. If corroborated with other studies, such findings will have public health and clinical significance for both the general population and those undergoing IVF. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This work was generously supported by grant K22-ES023085 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. The authors declare no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Wu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Lisa Ashcraft
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Baystate Medical Center, 759 Chestnut Street, Springfield, MA 01199, USA
| | - Brian W Whitcomb
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 715 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Tayyab Rahil
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Baystate Medical Center, 759 Chestnut Street, Springfield, MA 01199, USA
| | - Ellen Tougias
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Baystate Medical Center, 759 Chestnut Street, Springfield, MA 01199, USA
| | - Cynthia K Sites
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Baystate Medical Center, 759 Chestnut Street, Springfield, MA 01199, USA
| | - J Richard Pilsner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Gomez Ramos MJ, Heffernan AL, Toms LML, Calafat AM, Ye X, Hobson P, Broomhall S, Mueller JF. Concentrations of phthalates and DINCH metabolites in pooled urine from Queensland, Australia. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 88:179-186. [PMID: 26760715 PMCID: PMC7957829 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Dialkyl phthalate esters (phthalates) are ubiquitous chemicals used extensively as plasticizers, solvents and adhesives in a range of industrial and consumer products. 1,2-Cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, diisononyl ester (DINCH) is a phthalate alternative introduced due to a more favourable toxicological profile, but exposure is largely uncharacterised. The aim of this study was to provide the first assessment of exposure to phthalates and DINCH in the general Australian population. De-identified urine specimens stratified by age and sex were obtained from a community-based pathology laboratory and pooled (n=24 pools of 100). Concentrations of free and total species were measured using online solid phase extraction isotope dilution high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Concentrations ranged from 2.4 to 71.9ng/mL for metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, and from <0.5 to 775ng/mL for all other metabolites. Our data suggest that phthalate metabolites concentrations in Australia were at least two times higher than in the United States and Germany; and may be related to legislative differences among countries. DINCH metabolite concentrations were comparatively low and consistent with the limited data available. Ongoing biomonitoring among the general Australian population may help assess temporal trends in exposure and assess the effectiveness of actions aimed at reducing exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Gomez Ramos
- National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - A L Heffernan
- National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - L M L Toms
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Public Health and Social Work, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - A M Calafat
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - X Ye
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - P Hobson
- Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Taringa, QLD, Australia.
| | - S Broomhall
- Australian Government Department of the Environment, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - J F Mueller
- National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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A Western dietary pattern is associated with overweight and obesity in a national sample of Lebanese adolescents (13-19 years): a cross-sectional study. Br J Nutr 2015; 114:1909-19. [PMID: 26431469 PMCID: PMC4635384 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515003657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent obesity is associated with both immediate and longer-term health implications. This study aims to identify dietary patterns among a nationally representative sample of Lebanese adolescents aged between 13 and 19 years (n 446) and to assess the association of these patterns with overweight and obesity. Through face-to-face interviews, socio-demographic, lifestyle and anthropometric variables were collected. Dietary intake was assessed using a sixty-one-item FFQ. Dietary patterns were derived by factor analysis. The following two dietary patterns were identified: Western and traditional Lebanese. The Western pattern was characterised by high consumption of red meat, eggs and fast-food sandwiches. The traditional Lebanese pattern reflected high intakes of fruits and vegetables, legumes and fish. Female sex and a higher maternal education level were associated with a greater adherence to the traditional Lebanese pattern. As for the Western pattern, the scores were negatively associated with crowding index, physical activity and frequency of breakfast consumption. After adjustment, subjects belonging to the 3rd tertile of the Western pattern scores had significantly higher odds of overweight compared with those belonging to the 1st tertile (OR 2·3; 95 % CI 1·12, 4·73). In conclusion, two distinct dietary patterns were identified among adolescents in Lebanon: the traditional Lebanese and the Western, with the latter pattern being associated with an increased risk of overweight. The findings of this study may be used to guide the development of evidence-based preventive nutrition interventions to curb the obesity epidemic in this age group.
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A Snack Dietary Pattern Increases the Risk of Hypercholesterolemia in Northern Chinese Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134294. [PMID: 26244510 PMCID: PMC4526671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The evidence about the effect of dietary patterns on blood cholesterol from cohort studies was very scarce. The study was to identify the association of dietary patterns with lipid profile, especially cholesterol, in a cohort in north China. Using a 1-year food frequency questionnaire, we assessed the dietary intake of 4515 adults from the Harbin People’s Health Study in 2008, aged 20-74 years. Principle component analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. The follow-up was completed in 2012. Fasting blood samples were collected for the determination of blood lipid concentrations. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association of dietary patterns with the incidence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and low-HDL cholesterolemia. Five dietary patterns were identified (“staple food”, “vegetable, fruit and milk”, “potato, soybean and egg”, “snack”, and “meat”). The relative risk (RR) between the extreme tertiles of the snack dietary pattern scores was 1.72 (95% CI = 1.14, 2.59, P = 0.004) for hypercholesterolemia, 1.39 (1.13, 1.75, P = 0.036) for hypertriglyceridemia, after adjustment for age, sex, education, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, energy intake, exercise and baseline lipid concentrations. There was a significant positive association between the snack dietary pattern scores and fasting serum total cholesterol (SRC (standardized regression coefficient) = 0.262, P = 0.025), LDL-c (SRC = 0.324, P = 0.002) and triglycerides (SRC = 0.253, P = 0.035), after adjustment for the multiple variables above. Moreover, the adjusted RR of hypertriglyceridemia between the extreme tertiles was 0.73 (0.56, 0.94, P = 0.025) for the vegetable, fruit and milk dietary pattern, and 1.86 (1.33, 2.41, P = 0.005) for the meat dietary pattern. The snack dietary pattern was a newly emerged dietary pattern in northern Chinese adults. It appears conceivable that the risk of hypercholesterolemia can be reduced by changing the snack dietary pattern.
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Age and Gender Differences in Urinary Levels of Eleven Phthalate Metabolites in General Taiwanese Population after a DEHP Episode. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26207744 PMCID: PMC4514596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In 2011, the Taiwan FDA disclosed illegal di(2-ethylhexyl phthalate) (DEHP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) use in beverage and nutrition supplements. We aim to determine phthalate exposure and other relevant factors in a sample of the general Taiwanese population in order to evaluate actual phthalate exposure levels after this disclosure of DEHP use. Method We selected subjects aged 7 years old and older in 2013 from the general Taiwanese population. First morning urine samples from each participant were collected to analyze 11 phthalate metabolites representing 7 parent phthalates using on-line liquid chromatography/ tandem mass spectrometry. An interview questionnaire was applied to obtain participant demographic characteristics, lifestyle, and other relevant factors. Results The median levels of metabolites of DEHP, including mono-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), DBP (DnBP and DiBP), including mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) and mono-iso-butyl phthalate (MiBP), and mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) in urine samples of 290 adults/ 97 minors (<18 years) were 7.9/ 6.1, 12.6/ 17.8, 22.0/ 25.8, 25.4/ 30.8, 18.1/ 23.6, 9.4/ 13.6 and 14.5/ 12.4 μg/g creatinine, respectively. Women (≧18 years) were exposed to significantly higher levels of MEHHP (P=0.011), MECPP (P=0.01), MnBP (P=0.001) and MEP (P<0.001) than men (≧18 years), whereas no gender difference was observed in minors. We found significant higher level of MEP (creatinine-unadjusted) in subject aged between 18 to 40 years old (P<0.001), especially for women. Exposure levels of MEOHP (P<0.001), MECPP (P=0.002) and MnBP (P=0.044) in minors were significantly higher than those of adults. High frequency usage of food preservation film and bags, and personal care products are potential sources of phthalates exposure in general Taiwanese. Conclusion Our findings indicated that DEHP and DBP exposure in a sample of the general Taiwanese population varied by age and gender, possibly affected by different lifestyles, and continuing bio-monitoring surveillance is warranted.
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