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Mirjani L, Salimi A, Shahbazi M, Hajirezaei MR, Matinizadeh M, Razavi K, Hesamzadeh Hejazi SM. Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization leads to a change of hormone profile in micropropagated plantlet Satureja khuzistanica Jam. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 280:153879. [PMID: 36516535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones are supposed to contribute to the establishment of mutualistic Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbioses. However, their role in the acclimation of micropropagated plantlet inoculated with AM is still unknown. To address this question, we performed a hormone profiling during the acclimation of Satureja khuzistanica plantlets inoculated with Rhizoglomus fasciculatum. The levels of indoleacetic acid (IAA), methyl indole acetic acid, cis-zeatin, cis zeatin ribose, jasmonate, jasmonoyl isoleucine, salicylic acid, abscisic acid (ABA) were analyzed. Further, the relative gene expression of AOS (Allene oxide synthase) as a key enzyme of jasmonate biosynthesis, in either inoculated or non-inoculated micropropagated plantlets was evaluated during acclimation period. The concentrations of IAA and cis-zeatin increased in the plantlets inoculated by AM whereas the concentration of ABA decreased upon 60 days acclimation in the whole shoot of plantlets of S. khuzistanica. The relative expression of AOS gene resulted in an increase of isoleucine jasmonate, the bioactive form of jasmonate. Based on our results, IAA and cis-zeatin probably contribute to maintaining growth, and AM reduces transition stress by modifying ABA and jasmonate concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mirjani
- Research Institutes of Forests and Rangelands, Department of Biotechnology, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), 13185-116, Tehran, Iran; Kharazmi University, Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, 15719-14911, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Azam Salimi
- Kharazmi University, Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, 15719-14911, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Shahbazi
- Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Molecular Physiology Department, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), 3135933151, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Reza Hajirezaei
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Molecular Plant Nutrition, OT Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse 3, Germany.
| | - Mohammad Matinizadeh
- Research Institutes of Forests and Rangelands, Forest Research Department, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), 13185-116, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Khadijeh Razavi
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Department of Plant Biotechnology, 14155-6343, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mohsen Hesamzadeh Hejazi
- Research Institutes of Forests and Rangelands, Department of Biotechnology, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), 13185-116, Tehran, Iran.
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The microscopic mechanism between endophytic fungi and host plants: From recognition to building stable mutually beneficial relationships. Microbiol Res 2022; 261:127056. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Torabi S, Varshney K, Villaécija-Aguilar JA, Keymer A, Gutjahr C. Controlled Assays for Phenotyping the Effects of Strigolactone-Like Molecules on Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Development. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2309:157-177. [PMID: 34028686 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1429-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza is an ancient symbiosis between most land plants and fungi of the Glomeromycotina, in which the fungi provide mineral nutrients to the plant in exchange for photosynthetically fixed organic carbon. Strigolactones are important signals promoting this symbiosis, as they are exuded by plant roots into the rhizosphere to stimulate activity of the fungi. In addition, the plant karrikin signaling pathway is required for root colonization. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning root colonization by AM fungi, requires the use of plant mutants as well as treatments with different environmental conditions or signaling compounds in standardized cocultivation systems to allow for reproducible root colonization phenotypes. Here we describe how we set up and quantify arbuscular mycorrhiza in the model plants Lotus japonicus and Brachypodium distachyon under controlled conditions. We illustrate a setup for open pot culture as well as for closed plant tissue culture (PTC) containers, for plant-fungal cocultivation in sterile conditions. Furthermore, we explain how to harvest, store, stain, and image AM roots for phenotyping and quantification of different AM structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salar Torabi
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Kartikye Varshney
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - José A Villaécija-Aguilar
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Andreas Keymer
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany.
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Systemic induction of phosphatidylinositol-based signaling in leaves of arbuscular mycorrhizal rice plants. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15896. [PMID: 32985595 PMCID: PMC7522983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72985-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Most land plants form beneficial associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi which improves mineral nutrition, mainly phosphorus, in the host plant in exchange for photosynthetically fixed carbon. Most of our knowledge on the AM symbiosis derives from dicotyledonous species. We show that inoculation with the AM fungus Funneliformis mosseae stimulates growth and increases Pi content in leaves of rice plants (O. sativa, cv Loto, ssp japonica). Although rice is a host for AM fungi, the systemic transcriptional responses to AM inoculation, and molecular mechanisms underlying AM symbiosis in rice remain largely elusive. Transcriptomic analysis identified genes systemically regulated in leaves of mycorrhizal rice plants, including genes with functions associated with the biosynthesis of phospholipids and non-phosphorus lipids (up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively). A coordinated regulation of genes involved in the biosynthesis of phospholipids and inositol polyphosphates, and genes involved in hormone biosynthesis and signaling (jasmonic acid, ethylene) occurs in leaves of mycorrhizal rice. Members of gene families playing a role in phosphate starvation responses and remobilization of Pi were down-regulated in leaves of mycorrhizal rice. These results demonstrated that the AM symbiosis is accompanied by systemic transcriptional responses, which are potentially important to maintain a stable symbiotic relationship in rice plants.
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Zheng J, Hong K, Zeng L, Wang L, Kang S, Qu M, Dai J, Zou L, Zhu L, Tang Z, Meng X, Wang B, Hu J, Zeng D, Zhao Y, Cui P, Wang Q, Qian Q, Wang Y, Li J, Xiong G. Karrikin Signaling Acts Parallel to and Additively with Strigolactone Signaling to Regulate Rice Mesocotyl Elongation in Darkness. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:2780-2805. [PMID: 32665307 PMCID: PMC7474294 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Seedling emergence in monocots depends mainly on mesocotyl elongation, requiring coordination between developmental signals and environmental stimuli. Strigolactones (SLs) and karrikins are butenolide compounds that regulate various developmental processes; both are able to negatively regulate rice (Oryza sativa) mesocotyl elongation in the dark. Here, we report that a karrikin signaling complex, DWARF14-LIKE (D14L)-DWARF3 (D3)-O. sativa SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (OsSMAX1) mediates the regulation of rice mesocotyl elongation in the dark. We demonstrate that D14L recognizes the karrikin signal and recruits the SCFD3 ubiquitin ligase for the ubiquitination and degradation of OsSMAX1, mirroring the SL-induced and D14- and D3-dependent ubiquitination and degradation of D53. Overexpression of OsSMAX1 promoted mesocotyl elongation in the dark, whereas knockout of OsSMAX1 suppressed the elongated-mesocotyl phenotypes of d14l and d3 OsSMAX1 localizes to the nucleus and interacts with TOPLESS-RELATED PROTEINs, regulating downstream gene expression. Moreover, we showed that the GR24 enantiomers GR245DS and GR24 ent-5DS specifically inhibit mesocotyl elongation and regulate downstream gene expression in a D14- and D14L-dependent manner, respectively. Our work revealed that karrikin and SL signaling play parallel and additive roles in modulating downstream gene expression and negatively regulating mesocotyl elongation in the dark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshu Zheng
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Kai Hong
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Longjun Zeng
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Plant Phenomics Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Shujing Kang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Minghao Qu
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Jiarong Dai
- Plant Phenomics Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Linyuan Zou
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Lixin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhanpeng Tang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Xiangbing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Dali Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yonghui Zhao
- Plant Phenomics Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Peng Cui
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Qian Qian
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Guosheng Xiong
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Plant Phenomics Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Valadares RBS, Perotto S, Lucheta AR, Santos EC, Oliveira RM, Lambais MR. Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Indicate Metabolic Changes and Reduced Defense Responses in Mycorrhizal Roots of Oeceoclades maculata (Orchidaceae) Collected in Nature. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E148. [PMID: 32858792 PMCID: PMC7558880 DOI: 10.3390/jof6030148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Orchids form endomycorrhizal associations with fungi mainly belonging to basidiomycetes. The molecular events taking place in orchid mycorrhiza are poorly understood, although the cellular changes necessary to accommodate the fungus and to control nutrient exchanges imply a modulation of gene expression. Here, we used proteomics and transcriptomics to identify changes in the steady-state levels of proteins and transcripts in the roots of the green terrestrial orchid Oeceoclades maculata. When mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal roots from the same individuals were compared, 94 proteins showed differential accumulation using the label-free protein quantitation approach, 86 using isobaric tagging and 60 using 2D-differential electrophoresis. After de novo assembly of transcriptomic data, 11,179 plant transcripts were found to be differentially expressed, and 2175 were successfully annotated. The annotated plant transcripts allowed the identification of up- and down-regulated metabolic pathways. Overall, proteomics and transcriptomics revealed, in mycorrhizal roots, increased levels of transcription factors and nutrient transporters, as well as ethylene-related proteins. The expression pattern of proteins and transcripts involved in plant defense responses suggested that plant defense was reduced in O. maculata mycorrhizal roots sampled in nature. These results expand our current knowledge towards a better understanding of the orchid mycorrhizal symbiosis in adult plants under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael B. S. Valadares
- Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Depto de Ciência do Solo, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil;
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale. Rua Boaventura da Silva 955, Belém 66050-000, Brazil;
| | - Silvia Perotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università di Torino e IPSP-CNR, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Adriano R. Lucheta
- SENAI Innovation Institute for Mineral Technologies, Avenida Brás de Aguiar, 548, Belém 66035-405, Brazil;
| | - Eder C. Santos
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Linha Santa Bárbara, Francisco Beltrão 85601-970, Brazil;
| | - Renato M. Oliveira
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale. Rua Boaventura da Silva 955, Belém 66050-000, Brazil;
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Marcio R. Lambais
- Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Depto de Ciência do Solo, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil;
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Ranjbar Sistani N, Desalegn G, Kaul HP, Wienkoop S. Seed Metabolism and Pathogen Resistance Enhancement in Pisum sativum During Colonization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: An Integrative Metabolomics-Proteomics Approach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:872. [PMID: 32612631 PMCID: PMC7309134 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pulses are one of the most important categories of food plants, and Pea (Pisum sativum L.) as a member of pulses is considered a key crop for food and feed and sustainable agriculture. Integrative multi-omics and microsymbiont impact studies on the plant's immune system are important steps toward more productive and tolerant food plants and thus will help to find solutions against food poverty. Didymella pinodes is a main fungal pathogen of pea plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) promote plant growth and alleviate various stresses. However, it remained unclear as to how the AMF effect on seed metabolism and how this influences resistance against the pathogen. This study assesses the AMF impacts on yield components and seed quality upon D. pinodes infection on two different P. sativum cultivars, susceptible versus tolerant, grown in pots through phenotypic and seed molecular analyses. We found that AMF symbiosis affects the majority of all tested yield components as well as a reduction of disease severity in both cultivars. Seeds of mycorrhizal pea plants showed strong responses of secondary metabolites with nutritional, medicinal, and pharmaceutical attributes, also involved in pathogen response. This is further supported by proteomic data, functionally determining those primary and secondary metabolic pathways, involved in pathogen response and induced upon AMF-colonization. The data also revealed cultivar specific effects of AMF symbiosis that increase understanding of genotype related differences. Additionally, a suite of proteins and secondary metabolites are presented, induced in seeds of P. sativum upon AMF-colonization and pathogen attack, and possibly involved in induced systemic resistance against D. pinodes, useful for modern breeding strategies implementing microsymbionts toward increased pathogen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Ranjbar Sistani
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Getinet Desalegn
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Peter Kaul
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Wienkoop
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Casarrubias-Castillo K, Montero-Vargas JM, Dabdoub-González N, Winkler R, Martinez-Gallardo NA, Zañudo-Hernández J, Avilés-Arnaut H, Délano-Frier JP. Distinct gene expression and secondary metabolite profiles in suppressor of prosystemin-mediated responses2 (spr2) tomato mutants having impaired mycorrhizal colonization. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8888. [PMID: 32337100 PMCID: PMC7167247 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization, sampled at 32-50 days post-inoculation (dpi), was significantly reduced in suppressor of prosystemin-mediated responses2 (spr2) mutant tomato plants impaired in the ω-3 FATTY ACID DESATURASE7 (FAD7) gene that limits the generation of linolenic acid and, consequently, the wound-responsive jasmonic acid (JA) burst. Contrary to wild-type (WT) plants, JA levels in root and leaves of spr2 mutants remained unchanged in response to AMF colonization, further supporting its regulatory role in the AM symbiosis. Decreased AMF colonization in spr2 plants was also linked to alterations associated with a disrupted FAD7 function, such as enhanced salicylic acid (SA) levels and SA-related defense gene expression and a reduction in fatty acid content in both mycorrhizal spr2 roots and leaves. Transcriptomic data revealed that lower mycorrhizal colonization efficiency in spr2 mutants coincided with the modified expression of key genes controlling gibberellin and ethylene signaling, brassinosteroid, ethylene, apocarotenoid and phenylpropanoid synthesis, and the wound response. Targeted metabolomic analysis, performed at 45 dpi, revealed augmented contents of L-threonic acid and DL-malic acid in colonized spr2 roots which suggested unfavorable conditions for AMF colonization. Additionally, time- and genotype-dependent changes in root steroid glycoalkaloid levels, including tomatine, suggested that these metabolites might positively regulate the AM symbiosis in tomato. Untargeted metabolomic analysis demonstrated that the tomato root metabolomes were distinctly affected by genotype, mycorrhizal colonization and colonization time. In conclusion, reduced AMF colonization efficiency in spr2 mutants is probably caused by multiple and interconnected JA-dependent and independent gene expression and metabolomic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kena Casarrubias-Castillo
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Josaphat M. Montero-Vargas
- Departamento de Investigación en Inmunogenética y Alergia, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nicole Dabdoub-González
- Instituto de Biotecnología de la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Robert Winkler
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN-Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Norma A. Martinez-Gallardo
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN-Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Julia Zañudo-Hernández
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Hamlet Avilés-Arnaut
- Instituto de Biotecnología de la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - John P. Délano-Frier
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN-Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
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Abstract
The phytohormone jasmonate (JA) modulates various defense and developmental responses of plants, and is implied in the integration of multiple environmental signals. Given its centrality in regulating plant physiology according to external stimuli, JA influences the establishment of interactions between plant roots and beneficial bacteria or fungi. In many cases, moderate JA signaling promotes the onset of mutualism, while massive JA signaling inhibits it. The output also depends on the compatibility between microbe and host plant and on nutritional or environmental cues. Also, JA biosynthesis and perception participate in the systemic regulation of mutualistic interactions and in microbe-induced resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Here, we review our current knowledge of the role of JA biosynthesis, signaling, and responses during mutualistic root-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Basso
- Laboratoire d'Excellence ARBRE, Centre INRA-Lorraine, UMR 1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine 'Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes', Champenoux, France
| | - Claire Veneault-Fourrey
- Laboratoire d'Excellence ARBRE, Centre INRA-Lorraine, UMR 1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine 'Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes', Champenoux, France.
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Molinero-Rosales N, Martín-Rodríguez JÁ, Ho-Plágaro T, García-Garrido JM. Identification and expression analysis of the arbuscular mycorrhiza-inducible Rieske non-heme oxygenase Ptc52 gene from tomato. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 237:95-103. [PMID: 31051335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) formation enhances plant growth and fitness through improved uptake of water and mineral nutrients in exchange for carbon compounds to the AM fungus. The fungal structure for the reciprocal exchange of nutrients in the symbiosis is the arbuscule, and defence genes expressed in cells containing arbuscules could play a role in the control of hyphal spread and arbuscule formation in the root. We characterized and analyzed the Ptc52 gene from tomato (SlPtc52), a member of the gene family of non-heme oxygenases, whose function has been related to the lethal leaf spot 1 (Lls1) lesion mimic phenotype in plants which is sometimes associated with enhanced disease resistance. Sequence analysis of the SlPTC52 protein revealed conserved typical motifs from non-heme oxygenases, including a Rieske [2Fe-2S] motif, a mononuclear non-heme iron-binding motif and a C-terminal CxxC motif. The level of transcript accumulation was low in stem, flower and green fruits, and high in leaves. Although SlPtc52 expression was perceptible at low levels in roots, its expression increased concomitantly with AM fungus root colonization. Tomato non-mycorrhizal hairy roots expressing the GUS protein under the control of promoter SlPtc52 exhibited GUS activity in the endodermis, the apical meristem of the root tip and in the lateral root primordium. AM fungal colonization also resulted in intensive GUS activity that clearly corresponds to cortical cells containing arbuscules. SlPtc52 gene silencing led to a delay in root colonization and a decrease in arbuscular abundance, suggesting that SlPTC52 plays a regulatory role during AM symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Molinero-Rosales
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ) CSIC, Calle Profesor Albareda nº1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Tania Ho-Plágaro
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ) CSIC, Calle Profesor Albareda nº1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Garrido
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ) CSIC, Calle Profesor Albareda nº1, 18008, Granada, Spain.
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11
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Mycorrhizal Fungi Enhance Resistance to Herbivores in Tomato Plants with Reduced Jasmonic Acid Production. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9030131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi favor plant growth by improving nutrient acquisition, but also by increasing their resistance against abiotic and biotic stressors, including herbivory. Mechanisms of AM fungal mediated increased resistance include a direct effect of AM fungi on plant vigor, but also a manipulation of the hormonal cascades, such as the systemic activation of jasmonic acid (JA) dependent defenses. However, how AM fungal inoculation and variation in the endogenous JA production interact to produce increased resistance against insect herbivores remains to be further elucidated. To address this question, three genotypes of Solanum lycopersicum L., a JA-biosynthesis deficient mutant, a JA over-accumulating mutant, and their wild-type were either inoculated with AM fungi or left un-inoculated. Plant growth-related traits and resistance against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) caterpillars, a major crop pest, were measured. Overall, we found that deficiency in JA production reduced plant development and were the least resistant against S. littoralis. Moreover, AM fungi increased plant resistance against S. littoralis, but such beneficial effect was more pronounced in JA-deficient plant than on JA over-accumulating plants. These results highlight that AM fungi-driven increased plant resistance is negatively affected by the ability of plants to produce JA and that AM fungi complement JA-mediated endogenous plant defenses in this system.
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de Oliveira JSF, Xavier LP, Lins A, Andrade EHA, Maia JGS, de Mello AH, Setzer WN, Ramos AR, da Silva JKR. Effects of inoculation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the composition of the essential oil, plant growth, and lipoxygenase activity of Piper aduncum L. AMB Express 2019; 9:29. [PMID: 30806846 PMCID: PMC6391504 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0756-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the production of secondary metabolites Piper aduncum seedlings were inoculated by spores of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Rhizophagus clarus and Claroideoglomus etunicatum. P. aduncum seedlings were inoculated by spores of R. clarus and C. etunicatum and then, development parameters, root colonization, lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, and essential oil (OE) chemical composition were monitored at 30, 60 and 90 days' post-inoculation (dpi). The inoculation had influenced the plant height and root length at 30 and 90 dpi and microscopic analysis of roots showed the presence of hyphae, arbuscules and vesicles in the inoculated plants. Phenylpropanoids and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were the main compounds in the EO. In the leaves, the concentration of phenylpropanoids showed a decrease, mainly at 60 dpi, with increased sesquiterpene hydrocarbon production. The main compounds were dillapiole, myristicin, and germacrene D; the dillapiole concentration decreased in all treatments. LOX activity had an increase in the leaves and roots at 90 dpi. These results suggest that alterations in the secondary metabolites of P. aduncum can be induced by its mechanisms of resistance during AMF interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana P. Xavier
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará Brazil
| | - Alba Lins
- Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará Brazil
| | | | - José Guilherme S. Maia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Pará Brazil
| | - Andréa H. de Mello
- Instituto de Estudo do Desenvolvimento Agrário e Regional, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Marabá, Pará Brazil
| | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA
| | - Alessandra R. Ramos
- Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Marabá, Pará Brazil
| | - Joyce Kelly R. da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará Brazil
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13
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Bedini A, Mercy L, Schneider C, Franken P, Lucic-Mercy E. Unraveling the Initial Plant Hormone Signaling, Metabolic Mechanisms and Plant Defense Triggering the Endomycorrhizal Symbiosis Behavior. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1800. [PMID: 30619390 PMCID: PMC6304697 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi establish probably one of the oldest mutualistic relationships with the roots of most plants on earth. The wide distribution of these fungi in almost all soil ecotypes and the broad range of host plant species demonstrate their strong plasticity to cope with various environmental conditions. AM fungi elaborate fine-tuned molecular interactions with plants that determine their spread within root cortical tissues. Interactions with endomycorrhizal fungi can bring various benefits to plants, such as improved nutritional status, higher photosynthesis, protection against biotic and abiotic stresses based on regulation of many physiological processes which participate in promoting plant performances. In turn, host plants provide a specific habitat as physical support and a favorable metabolic frame, allowing uptake and assimilation of compounds required for the life cycle completion of these obligate biotrophic fungi. The search for formal and direct evidences of fungal energetic needs raised strong motivated projects since decades, but the impossibility to produce AM fungi under axenic conditions remains a deep enigma and still feeds numerous debates. Here, we review and discuss the initial favorable and non-favorable metabolic plant context that may fate the mycorrhizal behavior, with a focus on hormone interplays and their links with mitochondrial respiration, carbon partitioning and plant defense system, structured according to the action of phosphorus as a main limiting factor for mycorrhizal symbiosis. Then, we provide with models and discuss their significances to propose metabolic targets that could allow to develop innovations for the production and application of AM fungal inocula.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Philipp Franken
- Department of Plant Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Gemüse- und Zierpflanzenbau Großbeeren/Erfurt, Großbeeren, Germany
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de Vries S, de Vries J, Teschke H, von Dahlen JK, Rose LE, Gould SB. Jasmonic and salicylic acid response in the fern Azolla filiculoides and its cyanobiont. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:2530-2548. [PMID: 29314046 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants sense and respond to microbes utilizing a multilayered signalling cascade. In seed plants, the phytohormones jasmonic and salicylic acid (JA and SA) are key denominators of how plants respond to certain microbes. Their interplay is especially well-known for tipping the scales in plants' strategies of dealing with phytopathogens. In non-angiosperm lineages, the interplay is less well understood, but current data indicate that it is intertwined to a lesser extent and the canonical JA/SA antagonism appears to be absent. Here, we used the water fern Azolla filiculoides to gain insights into the fern's JA/SA signalling and the molecular communication with its unique nitrogen fixing cyanobiont Nostoc azollae, which the fern inherits both during sexual and vegetative reproduction. By mining large-scale sequencing data, we demonstrate that Azolla has most of the genetic repertoire to produce and sense JA and SA. Using qRT-PCR on the identified biosynthesis and signalling marker genes, we show that Azolla is responsive to exogenously applied SA. Furthermore, exogenous SA application influenced the abundance and gene expression of Azolla's cyanobiont. Our data provide a framework for JA/SA signalling in ferns and suggest that SA might be involved in Azolla's communication with its vertically inherited cyanobiont.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie de Vries
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Institute of Population Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan de Vries
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Institute of Molecular Evolution, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hendrik Teschke
- Institute of Molecular Evolution, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Janina K von Dahlen
- Institute of Population Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura E Rose
- Institute of Population Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Ceplas, Cluster of Excellence in Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven B Gould
- Institute of Molecular Evolution, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
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15
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Liao D, Wang S, Cui M, Liu J, Chen A, Xu G. Phytohormones Regulate the Development of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3146. [PMID: 30322086 PMCID: PMC6213213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most terrestrial plants are able to form a root symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi for enhancing the assimilation of mineral nutrients. AM fungi are obligate symbionts that depend on host plants as their sole carbon source. Development of an AM association requires a continuous signal exchange between the two symbionts, which triggers coordinated differentiation of both partners, to enable their interaction within the root cells. The control of the AM symbiosis involves a finely-tuned process, and an increasing number of studies have pointed to a pivotal role of several phytohormones, such as strigolactones (SLs), gibberellic acids (GAs), and auxin, in the modulation of AM symbiosis, through the early recognition of events up to the final arbuscular formation. SLs are involved in the presymbiotic growth of the fungus, while auxin is required for both the early steps of fungal growth and the differentiation of arbuscules. GAs modulate arbuscule formation in a dose-dependent manner, via DELLA proteins, a group of GRAS transcription factors that negatively control the GA signaling. Here, we summarize the recent findings on the roles of these plant hormones in AM symbiosis, and also explore the current understanding of how the DELLA proteins act as central regulators to coordinate plant hormone signaling, to regulate the AM symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Miaomiao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jinhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Aiqun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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16
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Bernaola L, Cosme M, Schneider RW, Stout M. Belowground Inoculation With Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Increases Local and Systemic Susceptibility of Rice Plants to Different Pest Organisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:747. [PMID: 29922319 PMCID: PMC5996305 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants face numerous challenges from both aboveground and belowground stressors, and defend themselves against harmful insects and microorganisms in many ways. Because plant responses to biotic stresses are not only local but also systemic, belowground interactions can influence aboveground interactions in both natural and agricultural ecosystems. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are soilborne organisms that form symbiotic associations with many plant roots and are thought to play a central role in plant nutrition, growth, and fitness. In the present study, we focused on the influence of AMF on rice defense against pests. We inoculated rice plants with AMF in several field and greenhouse experiments to test whether the interaction of AMF with rice roots changes the resistance of rice against two chewing insects, the rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, RWW) and the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda, FAW), and against infection by sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani, ShB). Both in field and greenhouse experiments, the performance of insects and the pathogen on rice was enhanced when plants were inoculated with AMF. In the field, inoculating rice plants with AMF resulted in higher numbers of RWW larvae on rice roots. In the greenhouse, more RWW first instars emerged from AMF-colonized rice plants than from non-colonized control plants. Weight gains of FAW larvae were higher on rice plants treated with AMF inoculum. Lesion lengths and susceptibility to ShB infection were higher in rice plants colonized by AMF. Although AMF inoculation enhanced the growth of rice plants, the nutritional analyses of root and shoot tissues indicated no major increases in the concentrations of nutrients in rice plants colonized by AMF. The large effects on rice susceptibility to pests in the absence of large effects on plant nutrition suggest that AMF colonization influences other mechanisms of susceptibility (e.g., defense signaling processes). This study represents the first study conducted in the U.S. in rice showing AMF-induced plant susceptibility to several antagonists that specialize on different plant tissues. Given the widespread occurrence of AMF, our findings will help to provide a different perspective into the causal basis of rice systemic resistance/susceptibility to insects and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Bernaola
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Marco Cosme
- Laboratory of Mycology, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Raymond W. Schneider
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Michael Stout
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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17
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Sánchez-Romera B, Calvo-Polanco M, Ruiz-Lozano JM, Zamarreño ÁM, Arbona V, García-Mina JM, Gómez-Cadenas A, Aroca R. Involvement of the def-1 Mutation in the Response of Tomato Plants to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Under Well-Watered and Drought Conditions. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:248-261. [PMID: 29165704 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses are known to protect plants against abiotic and biotic stresses, but are also involved in the regulation of root hydraulic conductance (L). The objective of this experiment was to elucidate the role of JA in the water relations and hormonal regulation of AM plants under drought by using tomato plants defective in the synthesis of JA (def-1). Our results showed that JA is involved in the uptake and transport of water through its effect on both physiological parameters (stomatal conductance and L) and molecular parameters, mainly by controlling the expression and abundance of aquaporins. We observed that def-1 plants increased the expression of seven plant aquaporin genes under well-watered conditions in the absence of AM fungus, which partly explain the increment of L by this mutation under well-watered conditions. In addition, the effects of the AM symbiosis on plants were modified by the def-1 mutation, with the expression of some aquaporins and plant hormone concentration being disturbed. On the other hand, methyl salicylate (MeSA) content was increased in non-mycorrhizal def-1 plants, suggesting that MeSA and JA can act together in the regulation of L. In a complementary experiment, it was found that exogenous MeSA increased L, confirming our hypothesis. Likewise, we confirmed that JA, ABA and SA are hormones involved in plant mechanisms to cope with stressful situations, their concentrations being controlled by the AM symbiosis. In conclusion, under well-watered conditions, the def-1 mutation mimics the effects of AM symbiosis, but under drought conditions the def-1 mutation changed the effects of the AM symbiosis on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Sánchez-Romera
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, C/ Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Mónica Calvo-Polanco
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, C/ Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Ruiz-Lozano
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, C/ Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Ángel María Zamarreño
- Department of Environmental Biology, Agricultural Chemistry and Biology Group-CMI Roullier, Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Vicent Arbona
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, E-12071, Castellò de la Plana, Spain
| | - Jose María García-Mina
- Department of Environmental Biology, Agricultural Chemistry and Biology Group-CMI Roullier, Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, E-12071, Castellò de la Plana, Spain
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, C/ Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
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18
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Calabrese S, Kohler A, Niehl A, Veneault-Fourrey C, Boller T, Courty PE. Transcriptome analysis of the Populus trichocarpa-Rhizophagus irregularis Mycorrhizal Symbiosis: Regulation of Plant and Fungal Transportomes under Nitrogen Starvation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:1003-1017. [PMID: 28387868 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient transfer is a key feature of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. Valuable mineral nutrients are transferred from the AM fungus to the plant, increasing its fitness and productivity, and, in exchange, the AM fungus receives carbohydrates as an energy source from the plant. Here, we analyzed the transcriptome of the Populus trichocarpa-Rhizophagus irregularis symbiosis using RNA-sequencing of non-mycorrhizal or mycorrhizal fine roots, with a focus on the effect of nitrogen (N) starvation. In R. irregularis, we identified 1,015 differentially expressed genes, whereby N starvation led to a general induction of gene expression. Genes of the functional classes of cell growth, membrane biogenesis and cell structural components were highly abundant. Interestingly, N starvation also led to a general induction of fungal transporters, indicating increased nutrient demand upon N starvation. In non-mycorrhizal P. trichocarpa roots, 1,341 genes were differentially expressed under N starvation. Among the 953 down-regulated genes in N starvation, most were involved in metabolic processes including amino acids, carbohydrate and inorganic ion transport, while the 342 up-regulated genes included many defense-related genes. Mycorrhization led to the up-regulation of 549 genes mainly involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis and transport; only 24 genes were down-regulated. Mycorrhization specifically induced expression of three ammonium transporters and one phosphate transporter, independently of the N conditions, corroborating the hypothesis that these transporters are important for symbiotic nutrient exchange. In conclusion, our data establish a framework of gene expression in the two symbiotic partners under high-N and low-N conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Botany, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annegret Kohler
- INRA, UMR1136 Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Champenoux, France
- Université de Lorraine, UMR1136 Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Annette Niehl
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Botany, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claire Veneault-Fourrey
- INRA, UMR1136 Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Champenoux, France
- Université de Lorraine, UMR1136 Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Thomas Boller
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Botany, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Courty
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Botany, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse, Basel, Switzerland
- Agroécologie, AgroSupDijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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19
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Bernardo L, Morcia C, Carletti P, Ghizzoni R, Badeck FW, Rizza F, Lucini L, Terzi V. Proteomic insight into the mitigation of wheat root drought stress by arbuscular mycorrhizae. J Proteomics 2017; 169:21-32. [PMID: 28366879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are plant growth promoters that ameliorate plant-water relations and the nutrient uptake of wheat. In this work, two cultivars of Triticum spp., a bread and a durum wheat, grown under drought stress and inoculated or not by AMF, are evaluated through a shotgun proteomic approach. The AMF association had beneficial effects as compared to non-mycorrhizal roots, in both bread and durum wheat. The beneficial symbiosis was confirmed by measuring morphological and physiological traits. In our work, we identified 50 statistically differential proteins in the bread wheat cultivar and 66 differential proteins in the durum wheat cultivar. The findings highlighted a modulation of proteins related to sugar metabolism, cell wall rearrangement, cytoskeletal organization and sulphur-containing proteins, as well as proteins related to plant stress responses. Among differentially expressed proteins both cultivars evidenced a decrease in sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferas. In durum wheat oxylipin signalling pathway was involved with two proteins: increased 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase and decreased jasmonate-induced protein, both related to the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid. Interactome analysis highlighted the possible involvement of ubiquitin although not evidenced among differentially expressed proteins. The AMF association helps wheat roots reducing the osmotic stress and maintaining cellular integrity. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Drought is one of the major constraints that plants must face in some areas of the world, associated to climate change, negatively affecting the worldwide plant productivity. The adoption of innovative agronomic protocols may represent a winning strategy in facing this challenge. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation may represent a natural and sustainable way to mitigate the negative effects due to drought in several crop, ameliorating plant growth and development. Studies on the proteomic responses specific to AMF in drought-stressed plants will help clarify how mycorrhization elicits plant growth, nutrient uptake, and stress-tolerance responses. Such studies also offer the potential to find biological markers and genetic targets to be used during breeding for new drought-resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Bernardo
- Genomics Research Centre (CREA-GPG), Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via San Protaso 302, I-29017 Fiorenzuola d'Arda, PC, Italy.
| | - Caterina Morcia
- Genomics Research Centre (CREA-GPG), Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via San Protaso 302, I-29017 Fiorenzuola d'Arda, PC, Italy
| | - Paolo Carletti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università, 16, I-35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghizzoni
- Genomics Research Centre (CREA-GPG), Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via San Protaso 302, I-29017 Fiorenzuola d'Arda, PC, Italy
| | - Franz W Badeck
- Genomics Research Centre (CREA-GPG), Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via San Protaso 302, I-29017 Fiorenzuola d'Arda, PC, Italy
| | - Fulvia Rizza
- Genomics Research Centre (CREA-GPG), Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via San Protaso 302, I-29017 Fiorenzuola d'Arda, PC, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Chemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, I-29122 PC, Italy
| | - Valeria Terzi
- Genomics Research Centre (CREA-GPG), Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via San Protaso 302, I-29017 Fiorenzuola d'Arda, PC, Italy
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20
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Daher Z, Recorbet G, Solymosi K, Wienkoop S, Mounier A, Morandi D, Lherminier J, Wipf D, Dumas-Gaudot E, Schoefs B. Changes in plastid proteome and structure in arbuscular mycorrhizal roots display a nutrient starvation signature. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 159:13-29. [PMID: 27558913 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
During arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, arbuscule-containing root cortex cells display a proliferation of plastids, a feature usually ascribed to an increased plant anabolism despite the lack of studies focusing on purified root plastids. In this study, we investigated mycorrhiza-induced changes in plastidic pathways by performing a label-free comparative subcellular quantitative proteomic analysis targeted on plastid-enriched fractions isolated from Medicago truncatula roots, coupled to a cytological analysis of plastid structure. We identified 490 root plastid protein candidates, among which 79 changed in abundance upon mycorrhization, as inferred from spectral counting. According to cross-species sequence homology searches, the mycorrhiza-responsive proteome was enriched in proteins experimentally localized in thylakoids, whereas it was depleted of proteins ascribed predominantly to amyloplasts. Consistently, the analysis of plastid morphology using transmission electron microscopy indicated that starch depletion associated with the proliferation of membrane-free and tubular membrane-containing plastids was a feature specific to arbusculated cells. The loss of enzymes involved in carbon/nitrogen assimilation and provision of reducing power, coupled to macromolecule degradation events in the plastid-enriched fraction of mycorrhizal roots that paralleled lack of starch accumulation in arbusculated cells, lead us to propose that arbuscule functioning elicits a nutrient starvation and an oxidative stress signature that may prime arbuscule breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeina Daher
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Interactions Plantes Microrganismes, Dijon cedex 21065, France
| | - Ghislaine Recorbet
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Interactions Plantes Microrganismes, Dijon cedex 21065, France
| | - Katalin Solymosi
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Stefanie Wienkoop
- Department of Molecular System Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Arnaud Mounier
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Interactions Plantes Microrganismes, Dijon cedex 21065, France
| | - Dominique Morandi
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Interactions Plantes Microrganismes, Dijon cedex 21065, France
| | - Jeannine Lherminier
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Interactions Plantes Microrganismes, Dijon cedex 21065, France
| | - Daniel Wipf
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Interactions Plantes Microrganismes, Dijon cedex 21065, France
| | - Eliane Dumas-Gaudot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Interactions Plantes Microrganismes, Dijon cedex 21065, France
| | - Benoît Schoefs
- MicroMar, Mer, Molécules, Santé, UBL, Université du Maine, Le Mans Cedex 9 72085, France
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Cosme M, Ramireddy E, Franken P, Schmülling T, Wurst S. Shoot- and root-borne cytokinin influences arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. MYCORRHIZA 2016; 26:709-20. [PMID: 27193443 PMCID: PMC5034000 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-016-0706-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is functionally important for the nutrition and growth of most terrestrial plants. Nearly all phytohormones are employed by plants to regulate the symbiosis with AM fungi, but the regulatory role of cytokinin (CK) is not well understood. Here, we used transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) with a root-specific or constitutive expression of CK-degrading CKX genes and the corresponding wild-type to investigate whether a lowered content of CK in roots or in both roots and shoots influences the interaction with the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. Our data indicates that shoot CK has a positive impact on AM fungal development in roots and on the root transcript level of an AM-responsive phosphate transporter gene (NtPT4). A reduced CK content in roots caused shoot and root growth depression following AM colonization, while neither the uptake of phosphorus or nitrogen nor the root transcript levels of NtPT4 were significantly affected. This suggests that root CK may restrict the C availability from the roots to the fungus thus averting parasitism by AM fungi. Taken together, our study indicates that shoot- and root-borne CK have distinct roles in AM symbiosis. We propose a model illustrating how plants may employ CK to regulate nutrient exchange with the ubiquitous AM fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cosme
- Functional Biodiversity, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 1-3, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Plant Propagation, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Kühnhäuser Straße 101, 99090, Erfurt-Kühnhausen, Germany.
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, PO Box 800.56, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Eswarayya Ramireddy
- Applied Genetics, Dahlem Center of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Franken
- Department of Plant Propagation, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Kühnhäuser Straße 101, 99090, Erfurt-Kühnhausen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Applied Genetics, Dahlem Center of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Wurst
- Functional Biodiversity, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 1-3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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22
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López-Ráez JA. How drought and salinity affect arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and strigolactone biosynthesis? PLANTA 2016; 243:1375-85. [PMID: 26627211 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2435-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews the importance of AM symbiosis in alleviating plant stress under unfavourable environmental conditions, making emphasis on the role of strigolactones. A better understanding of the mechanisms that regulate this beneficial association will increase its potential use as an innovative and sustainable strategy in modern agriculture. Plants are very dynamic systems with a great capacity for adaptation to a constantly changing environment. This phenotypic plasticity is particularly advantageous in areas damaged or subjected to intensive agriculture. Nowadays, global crop production systems are intensifying the impact on natural resources, such as water availability. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find more sustainable alternatives. One of the plant strategies to improve phenotypic plasticity is to establish mutualistic beneficial associations with soil microorganisms, such as the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The establishment of AM symbiosis requires a complex network of interconnected signalling pathways, in which phytohormones play a key role. Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones acting as modulators of the coordinated development under nutrient shortage. SLs also act as host detection signals for AM fungi, favouring symbiosis establishment. In this review, current knowledge on the effect of water-related stresses, such as drought and salinity, in AM symbiosis and in SL production is discussed. Likewise, how the symbiosis helps the host plant to alleviate stress symptoms is also reviewed. Finally, we highlight how interactions between hormonal signalling pathways modulate all these responses, especially in the cross-talk between SLs and abscisic acid (ABA). Understanding the intricate mechanisms that regulate the establishment of AM symbiosis and the plant responses under unfavourable conditions will contribute to implement the use of AM fungi as bioprotective agents against these stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A López-Ráez
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain.
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23
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Gutjahr C, Gobbato E, Choi J, Riemann M, Johnston MG, Summers W, Carbonnel S, Mansfield C, Yang SY, Nadal M, Acosta I, Takano M, Jiao WB, Schneeberger K, Kelly KA, Paszkowski U. Rice perception of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi requires the karrikin receptor complex. Science 2015; 350:1521-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aac9715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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24
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Yan C, Xie D. Jasmonate in plant defence: sentinel or double agent? PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:1233-40. [PMID: 26096226 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants and their biotic enemies, such as microbial pathogens and herbivorous insects, are engaged in a desperate battle which would determine their survival-death fate. Plants have evolved efficient and sophisticated systems to defend against such attackers. In recent years, significant progress has been made towards a comprehensive understanding of inducible defence system mediated by jasmonate (JA), a vital plant hormone essential for plant defence responses and developmental processes. This review presents an overview of JA action in plant defences and discusses how microbial pathogens evade plant defence system through hijacking the JA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yan
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Daoxin Xie
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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25
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Nagata M, Yamamoto N, Shigeyama T, Terasawa Y, Anai T, Sakai T, Inada S, Arima S, Hashiguchi M, Akashi R, Nakayama H, Ueno D, Hirsch AM, Suzuki A. Red/Far Red Light Controls Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization via Jasmonic Acid and Strigolactone Signaling. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:2100-9. [PMID: 26412782 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Establishment of a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia not only requires sufficient photosynthate, but also the sensing of the ratio of red to far red (R/FR) light. Here, we show that R/FR light sensing also positively influences the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis of a legume and a non-legume through jasmonic acid (JA) and strigolactone (SL) signaling. The level of AM colonization in high R/FR light-grown tomato and Lotus japonicus significantly increased compared with that determined for low R/FR light-grown plants. Transcripts for JA-related genes were also elevated under high R/FR conditions. The root exudates derived from high R/FR light-grown plants contained more (+)-5-deoxystrigol, an AM-fungal hyphal branching inducer, than those from low R/FR light-grown plants. In summary, high R/FR light changes not only the levels of JA and SL synthesis, but also the composition of plant root exudates released into the rhizosphere, in this way augmenting the AM symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Nagata
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Honjyo-machi, Saga, 840-8502 Japan
| | - Naoya Yamamoto
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Honjyo-machi, Saga, 840-8502 Japan
| | - Tamaki Shigeyama
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Honjyo-machi, Saga, 840-8502 Japan
| | - Yohei Terasawa
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Honjyo-machi, Saga, 840-8502 Japan
| | - Toyoaki Anai
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Honjyo-machi, Saga, 840-8502 Japan United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sakai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishiku, Niigata, 950-2181 Japan
| | - Sayaka Inada
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Susumu Arima
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Honjyo-machi, Saga, 840-8502 Japan United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065 Japan
| | - Masatsugu Hashiguchi
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192 Japan
| | - Ryo Akashi
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192 Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nakayama
- Saga Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Pharmaceutical Research, Saga, 849-8585 Japan
| | - Daisuke Ueno
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Honjyo-machi, Saga, 840-8502 Japan
| | - Ann M Hirsch
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles CA 90095-1606, USA
| | - Akihiro Suzuki
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Honjyo-machi, Saga, 840-8502 Japan United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065 Japan
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