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Wang Y, Xu M, Wei Z, Sun L. Associations between workplace violence and suicidal ideation among Chinese medical staff: a propensity score matching analysis. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:1020-1034. [PMID: 37656046 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2254037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Physical and mental health problems had been identified as the negative outcomes of workplace violence (WPV) against medical staff. Considering the proven associations between physical and mental health and suicidal ideation, it is reasonable to assume that WPV may associate with suicidal ideation. However, few studies were conducted to explore the relationship between WPV and their suicidal ideation against medical staff. Based on a cross-sectional design, 3, 426 medical staff working in general hospitals were interviewed in Shandong Province, China. Socio-demographic characteristics, work-related factors, psychological variables, WPV, and suicidal ideation were evaluated. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to explore the association between WPV and suicidal ideation. The prevalence of suicidal ideation among medical staff was 9.1% (312/3426), and 52.2% (1788/3426) of medical staff reported the WPV experience. Before PSM, we found that the association between WPV and suicidal ideation was statistically significant (aOR = 1.606, p < 0.01). After PSM, there was a statistically significant correlation between WPV and suicidal ideation (aOR = 1.525, p < 0.01). This study supported the correlations between WPV against medical staff and their suicidal ideation. The results of PSM further implied that WPV might cause suicidal ideation among medical staff. Psychological health, especially for suicidal ideation, should be paid attention for medical staff with WPV experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, China
- Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Meixia Xu
- Department of Current Situation and Policy, Shandong Women's University Jinan Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Long Sun
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, China
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Khedr RI, Mohamed OI, Sobh ZK. Medicolegal analysis of physical violence toward physicians in Egypt. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10911. [PMID: 38740880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60857-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed physical violence against physicians in Egypt from a medicolegal perspective. 88%, 42%, and 13.2% of participants were exposed to verbal, physical, and sexual violence. Concerning the tools of violence, 75.2% of attackers used their bodies. Blunt objects (29.5%), sharp instruments (7.6%), and firearm weapons (1.9%) were used. The commonest manners of attacks were pushing/pulling (44.8%), throwing objects (38.1%), and fists (30.5%). Stabbing (4.8%) and slashing (2.9%) with sharp instruments were also reported. Traumas were mainly directed towards upper limbs (43.8%), trunks (40%), and heads (28.6%). Considering immediate effects, simple injuries were reported that included contusions (22.9%), abrasions (16.2%), and cut wounds (1.9%). Serious injuries included firearm injuries (4.8%), internal organs injuries (3.8%), fractures (2.9%), and burns (1.9%). Most (90.5%) of injuries healed completely, whereas 7.6% and 1.9% left scars and residual infirmities, respectively. Only 14.3% of physicians proceeded to legal action. The current study reflects high aggression, which is disproportionate to legal actions taken by physicians. This medicolegal analysis could guide protective measures for healthcare providers in Egypt. In addition, a narrative review of studies from 15 countries pointed to violence against physicians as a worldwide problem that deserves future medicolegal analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Ismail Khedr
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Omneya Ibrahim Mohamed
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Zahraa Khalifa Sobh
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Champollion Street, Alexandria, 5372006, Egypt.
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Lorente Ramos L, Rodriguez Lozano B, Barroso Morales ML, Rodríguez Perez D, Jiménez Sosa A, Hernández Cabrera NE, Mora Quintero ML, Rodríguez Gaspar M, Bustabad Reyes MS, Cueto Serrano MM. Workplace aggressions on hospital workers: A current and prevalent problem with a high demand for training. Work 2024; 78:961-968. [PMID: 38143403 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace aggressions on hospital workers is a very frequent and under-reported problem. OBJECTIVE The novel objective of our study was to analyze the number of workplace aggressions per hospital worker. Other objectives of the study were to analyze the management knowledge and interest in receiving training on aggressions by hospital workers. METHODS An anonymous survey was handed out among all professionals in a university hospital. RESULTS A total of 1118 anonymous surveys were collected. The responders declared that throughout their working life they had suffered some sort of verbal aggression in the hospital in 766 cases (68.5%) and physical aggression in 393 cases (35.2%). Multiple logistic regression analyses found higher risk of receiving physical and verbal aggression in the nursing category and in the Emergency, Critical Care or Psychiatry Units, and a higher risk of receiving physical aggression in women. The score on the level of personal knowledge regarding the legal, physical, and psychological management of aggressions (score 0-10 for each of the 3 aspects) was 2.91±2.68 in legal management, 2.97±2.77 in psychological management and 2.91±2.76 in physical management. The opinion about the interest of receiving training (score from 0 to 10) on the legal management of hospital aggressions was 8.90±1.72, on psychological management was 8.85±1.78 and on physical management was 8.88±1.78. CONCLUSIONS Workplace aggression on hospital workers mainly affects women, the nursing category and the Emergency, Critical Care or Psychiatry Units. Hospital workers showed little knowledge on the topic but a great interest in receiving training.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lorente Ramos
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - B Rodriguez Lozano
- Teaching Commission, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - D Rodríguez Perez
- Emergency Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - A Jiménez Sosa
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - N E Hernández Cabrera
- Occupational Risk Prevention Service, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - M L Mora Quintero
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Wang X, Peng P, Liu Y, Yang WF, Chen S, Wang Y, Yang Q, Li M, Wang Y, Hao Y, He L, Wang Q, Zhang J, Ma Y, He H, Zhou Y, Long J, Qi C, Tang YY, Liao Y, Tang J, Wu Q, Liu T. Workplace violence inflicted by patients or their family members/visitors and its relationship with suicidal ideation among undergraduate medical students during clinical training in China. Ann Med 2023; 55:2295027. [PMID: 38146746 PMCID: PMC10763877 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2295027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence in healthcare settings is a significant public concern that profoundly impacts healthcare workers. However, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding the prevalence of workplace violence and its correlation with suicidal ideation among undergraduate medical students in China during their clinical training. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of workplace violence inflicted by patients or their family members/visitors and to assess its association with suicidal ideation among undergraduate medical students. METHOD The snowballing sampling technique was used to recruit Chinese medical students. A question designed by the research team was used to ask medical students about their encounters with workplace violence. Students' basic demographic information and mental distresses (learning burnout, depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, alcohol abuse/dependence, excessive daytime sleepiness and history of mental disorders) were also assessed. As appropriate, the data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, independent-sample t-tests and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS Out of the 1402 undergraduate medical students who participated, 493 (35.2%) reported having experienced workplace violence inflicted by patients or their family members/visitors, of which 394 (28.1%) were verbal abuse, 14 (1.0%) were physical aggression, and 85 (6.1%) were suffered from both verbal abuse and physical aggression. Furthermore, students exposed to workplace violence were more likely to report suicidal ideation and had a higher prevalence of learning burnout, depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, alcohol abuse/dependence and excessive daytime sleepiness. Depression symptoms, history of mental disorders, learning burnout and having a partner were significantly associated with suicidal ideation in this population. CONCLUSION The prevalence of workplace violence inflicted by patients or their family members/visitors was high among undergraduate medical students in China. This may be associated with their mental distress and suicidal ideation. Consequently, it is crucial to strengthen workplace safety measures and promptly implement interventions to mitigate the potentially serious consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pu Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yueheng Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Winson Fuzun Yang
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Shubao Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Manyun Li
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- School of Physical Education and Health, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, China
| | - Yuzhu Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuejiao Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haoyu He
- Department of Psychology, College of Education, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanan Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (Hunan Second People’s Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiang Long
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Qi
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Yuan Tang
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Yanhui Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinsong Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiuxia Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tieqiao Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Parodi JB, Burgos LM, Garcia-Zamora S, Liblik K, Pulido L, Gupta S, Saldarriaga C, Puente-Barragan AC, Morejón-Barragán P, Alexanderson-Rosas E, Sosa-Liprandi A, Botto F, Sosa-Liprandi MI, Lopez-Santi R, Vazquez G, Gulati M, Baranchuk A. Gender differences in workplace violence against physicians and nurses in Latin America: a survey from the Interamerican Society of Cardiology. Public Health 2023; 225:127-132. [PMID: 37924636 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate gender differences in workplace violence (WPV) against physicians and nurses in Latin America. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS A cross-sectional electronic survey was conducted between January 11 and February 28, 2022. A prespecified gender analysis was performed. RESULTS Among the 3056 responses to the electronic survey, 57% were women, 81.6% were physicians, and 18.4% were nurses. At least one act of violence was experienced by 59.2% of respondents, with verbal violence being the most common (97.5%). Women experienced more WPV than men (65.8% vs 50.4%; P < 0.001; odds ratio [OR]: 1.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.63-2.19). Women were more likely to report at least one episode of WPV per week (19.2% vs 11.9%, P < 0.001), to request for psychological help (14.5% vs 9%, P = 0.001) and to experience more psychosomatic symptoms. In addition, women were more likely to report having considered changing their job after an aggression (57.6% vs 51.3%, P = 0.011) and even leaving their job (33% vs 25.7%, P = 0.001). In a multivariate analysis, being a woman (OR: 1.76), working in emergency departments (OR: 1.99), and with COVID-19 patients (OR: 3.3) were independently associated with more aggressive interactions, while older age (OR: 0.95) and working in a private setting (OR: 0.62) implied lower risk. CONCLUSIONS Women are more likely to experience WPV and to report more psychosomatic symptoms after the event. Preventive measures are urgently needed, with a special focus on high-risk groups such as women.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Parodi
- Cardiology Department, Sanatorio Anchorena, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L M Burgos
- Heart Failure Department, Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires (ICBA), Argentina
| | - S Garcia-Zamora
- Cardiology Department, Delta Clinic, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - K Liblik
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - L Pulido
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Italiano, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - S Gupta
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | | | - E Alexanderson-Rosas
- Nuclear Cardiology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Sosa-Liprandi
- Cardiology Department, Sanatorio Güemes, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Botto
- Clinical Research Department, Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires (ICBA), Argentina
| | - M I Sosa-Liprandi
- Cardiology Department, Sanatorio Güemes, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Lopez-Santi
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital Italiano de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Vazquez
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Gulati
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Baranchuk
- Division of Cardiology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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Li H, Gao D, Guan Y, Xu C. Criminal Litigation of Workplace Violence in Chinese Hospitals and Legal Effort to Deescalate Crimes. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2023; 60:469580231153274. [PMID: 36799409 PMCID: PMC9940235 DOI: 10.1177/00469580231153274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Workplace violence in Chinese hospitals has increasingly attracted world attention. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of criminal litigation cases on workplace violence in Chinese hospitals at a national level and explore the influencing factors associated with the severity of workplace violence. A retrospective study was designed to analyse 507 criminal litigation cases on workplace violence in Chinese hospitals, with data extracted from the Chinese court website. The multiple ordered logistic regression model was used to analyse the impact of the potential influencing factors on the severity of workplace violence. The crimes as workplace violence in the hospitals were concentrated in East and Central China (53.9%). The most common clinical specialty involved in workplace violence was Gynecology and Obstetrics (27.8%). The first 4 types of crimes as workplace violence in the hospitals were the crime as picking quarrels and provoking trouble (26.0%), the crime as disrupting public service (20.7%), the crime as intentional injury (19.1%), and the crime as gathering people to disturb public order (15.2%). The severity of crimes as workplace violence in the hospitals was significantly associated with location (OR = 2.569, P = .013), victim type (policemen or security guards) (OR = 0.495, P = .005), more than 3 victims (OR = 2.252, P = .035), perpetrators (patients' family member) (OR = 0.491, P = .045), previous arrest (OR = 2.113, P = .024), premeditation (OR = 2.234, P = .004), and psychiatric disorders (OR = 1.911, P = .019). The number of the crimes as workplace violence in Chinese hospitals was slightly declining from 2014 to 2020. The severity of crimes as workplace violence in the hospitals was significantly associated with secondary hospitals, more than 3 victims, victim type (policemen or security guards), perpetrators (patients' family member), previous arrest, premeditation, and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Academy for China’s Rule-of-Law, East China University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai, China,Heng Li, Associate Professor, Academy for China’s Rule-of-Law, East China University of Political Science and Law, No. 555, Longyuan Road, Songjiang District, Shanghai 201600, China.
| | - Dajun Gao
- Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjie Guan
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Intelligent Hospital Research Academy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Sun T, Yin HY, Zhang SE, Huang XH, Liu B. Current Status of Intergroup Threats Perceived by Chinese Physicians and Its Association with Organizational Psychology, Behavior, and Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10101972. [PMID: 36292418 PMCID: PMC9602264 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10101972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Chinese physicians have encountered serious physical and verbal attacks in recent decades due to poor patient−physician relationships, leading to a broad spectrum of negative consequences. This study aims to assess the status of intergroup threats perceived by physicians and explore its association with organizational psychology, behavior, and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. (2) Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional online survey with physicians from November to December 2020 in three provinces: Heilongjiang Province, Henan Province, and Zhejiang Province, in China. A total of 604 physicians were recruited to complete an anonymous questionnaire. There were 423 valid questionnaires. (3) Results: We developed a 25-item intergroup threat scale with four dimensions: interest damage, performance impairment, value derogation, and unjust sentiment. Internal consistency reliability analyses showed that the four dimensions and overall scale exhibited high internal consistency (0.756−0.947). Additionally, the average scores for physicians’ perceived overall intergroup threat, interest damage, performance impairment, value derogation, and unjust sentiment were 4.35 ± 0.51, 4.24 ± 0.73, 4.33 ± 0.58, 4.22 ± 0.65, and 4.53 ± 0.55, respectively. Moreover, this study shows that the intergroup threats perceived positively by physicians were associated with psychological stress (β = 0.270, p < 0.01), emotional exhaustion (β = 0.351, p < 0.01), turnover intention (β = 0.268, p < 0.01), and defensive medical behavior (β = 0.224, p < 0.01), and were negatively associated with job satisfaction (β = −0.194, p < 0.01) and subjective well-being (β = −0.245, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusions: The newly developed scale in this study is a reliable tool for measuring intergroup threats perceived by Chinese physicians. Physicians in China were suffering high-level intergroup threats during the anti-COVID-19 pandemic, which has a significant impact on damage to organizational psychology, behavior, and well-being. Intergroup threats perceived by physicians not only enlarged the risk of emotional exhaustion and psychological stress but also threatened organizational well-being. Moreover, greater intergroup threats were associated with a lower job satisfaction, more frequent defensive medical behavior, and a higher turnover intention for physicians. The results of this study suggest that essential intervention and governance measures should be considered to protect physicians’ well-being and benefits in China, which are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Hong-yan Yin
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, China
| | - Shu-e Zhang
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xian-hong Huang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology &Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence:
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Dyrbye LN, West CP, Sinsky CA, Trockel M, Tutty M, Satele D, Carlasare L, Shanafelt T. Physicians' Experiences With Mistreatment and Discrimination by Patients, Families, and Visitors and Association With Burnout. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2213080. [PMID: 35587344 PMCID: PMC9121189 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance Burnout is common among physicians and is associated with suboptimal patient outcomes. Little is known about how experiences with patients, families, and visitors differ by physician characteristics or contribute to the risk of burnout. Objective To examine the occurrence of mistreatment and discrimination by patients, families, and visitors by physician characteristics and the association between such interactions and experiencing burnout. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional survey was conducted from November 20, 2020, to March 23, 2021, among US physicians. Exposures Mistreatment and discrimination were measured using items adapted from the Association of American Medical College's Graduation Questionnaire with an additional item querying respondents about refusal of care because of the physicians' personal attributes; higher score indicated greater exposure to mistreatment and discrimination. Main Outcomes and Measures Burnout as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results Of 6512 responding physicians, 2450 (39.4%) were female, and 369 (7.2%) were Hispanic; 681 (13.3%) were non-Hispanic Asian, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander; and 3633 (70.5%) were non-Hispanic White individuals. Being subjected to racially or ethnically offensive remarks (1849 [29.4%]), offensive sexist remarks (1810 [28.7%]), or unwanted sexual advances (1291 [20.5%]) by patients, families, or visitors at least once in the previous year were common experiences. Approximately 1 in 5 physicians (1359 [21.6%]) had experienced a patient or their family refusing to allow them to provide care because of the physician's personal attributes at least once in the previous year. On multivariable analyses, female physicians (OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 2.02-2.69) and ethnic and racial minority physicians (eg, Black or African American: OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.13-2.23) were more likely to report mistreatment or discrimination in the previous year. Experience of mistreatment or discrimination was independently associated with higher odds of burnout (vs score of 0 [no mistreatment], score of 1: OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.04-1.55; score of 2: OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.38-2.08; score of 3: OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.89-2.57). There was no difference in the odds of burnout by gender after controlling for experiencing mistreatment and discrimination score and other demographic factors, specialty, practice setting, work hours, and frequency of overnight call. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, mistreatment and discrimination by patients, families, and visitors were common, especially for female and racial and ethnic minority physicians, and associated with burnout. Efforts to mitigate physician burnout should include attention to patient and visitor conduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liselotte N. Dyrbye
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- now with University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver
| | | | | | - Mickey Trockel
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Daniel Satele
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Alfuqaha OA, Albawati NM, Alhiary SS, Alhalaiqa FN, Haha MFF, Musa SS, Shunnar O, AL Thaher Y. Workplace Violence among Healthcare Providers during the COVID-19 Health Emergency: A Cross-Sectional Study. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12040106. [PMID: 35447678 PMCID: PMC9026762 DOI: 10.3390/bs12040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Workplace violence among healthcare providers (HCPs) is a tangible barrier to patient care. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into physicians’ and nurses’ perceptions of workplace violence and their perceptions of communication skills during the COVID-19 health emergency. We also sought to assess and compare the association between types of workplace violence, communication skills, and several sociodemographic factors of physicians and nurses including gender, marital status, site of work, age, and educational level during this era. (2) Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of a selected hospital in Jordan using the Arabic version of the workplace violence and communication skills scales for September to November 2020. We included a total of 102 physicians and 190 nurses via a self-reported questionnaire. (3) Results: During the COVID-19 health emergency, physicians (48%) experienced workplace violence more than nurses (31.6%). More than two-thirds of the participants did not formally report any type of violence. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that marital status, gender, age, site of work, educational levels, and communication skills were associated with different types of violence among the two samples. (4) Conclusions: A high prevalence of workplace violence is noted among HCPs in Jordan compared with before the pandemic, which highlights the importance of promoting public awareness during crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othman A. Alfuqaha
- Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Correspondence:
| | - Nour M. Albawati
- Department of Nursing, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (N.M.A.); (S.S.A.); (O.S.)
| | - Sakher S. Alhiary
- Department of Nursing, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (N.M.A.); (S.S.A.); (O.S.)
| | | | - Moh’d Fayeq F. Haha
- School of Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (M.F.F.H.); (S.S.M.)
| | - Suzan S. Musa
- School of Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (M.F.F.H.); (S.S.M.)
| | - Ohood Shunnar
- Department of Nursing, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (N.M.A.); (S.S.A.); (O.S.)
| | - Yazan AL Thaher
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan;
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10
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Caruso R, Toffanin T, Folesani F, Biancosino B, Romagnolo F, Riba MB, McFarland D, Palagini L, Belvederi Murri M, Zerbinati L, Grassi L. Violence Against Physicians in the Workplace: Trends, Causes, Consequences, and Strategies for Intervention. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2022; 24:911-924. [PMID: 36445636 PMCID: PMC9707179 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-022-01398-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Violence against healthcare professionals has become an emergency in many countries. Literature in this area has mainly focused on nurses while there are less studies on physicians, whose alterations in mental health and burnout have been linked to higher rates of medical errors and poorer quality of care. We summarized peer-reviewed literature and examined the epidemiology, main causes, consequences, and areas of intervention associated with workplace violence perpetrated against physicians. RECENT FINDINGS We performed a review utilizing several databases, by including the most relevant studies in full journal articles investigating the problem. Workplace violence against doctors is a widespread phenomenon, present all over the world and related to a number of variables, including individual, socio-cultural, and contextual variables. During the COVID-19 pandemic, incidence of violence has increased. Data also show the possible consequences in physicians' deterioration of quality of life, burnout, and traumatic stress which are linked to physical and mental health problems, which, in a domino effect, fall on patients' quality of care. Violence against doctors is an urgent global problem with consequences on an individual and societal level. This review highlights the need to undertake initiatives aimed at enhancing understanding, prevention, and management of workplace violence in healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosangela Caruso
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 64a, 44121 Ferrara, Italy ,Integrated Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, S. Anna University Hospital and Local Health Trust, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tommaso Toffanin
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 64a, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federica Folesani
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 64a, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Bruno Biancosino
- Integrated Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, S. Anna University Hospital and Local Health Trust, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Romagnolo
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 64a, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michelle B. Riba
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Daniel McFarland
- Department of Medicine, Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY USA
| | - Laura Palagini
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 64a, 44121 Ferrara, Italy ,Integrated Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, S. Anna University Hospital and Local Health Trust, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martino Belvederi Murri
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 64a, 44121 Ferrara, Italy ,Integrated Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, S. Anna University Hospital and Local Health Trust, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luigi Zerbinati
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 64a, 44121 Ferrara, Italy ,Integrated Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, S. Anna University Hospital and Local Health Trust, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luigi Grassi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 64a, 44121 Ferrara, Italy ,Integrated Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, S. Anna University Hospital and Local Health Trust, Ferrara, Italy
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11
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Yao H, Wang P, Tang YL, Liu Y, Liu T, Liu H, Chen Y, Jiang F, Zhu J. Burnout and job satisfaction of psychiatrists in China: a nationwide survey. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:593. [PMID: 34819029 PMCID: PMC8612106 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a significant shortage of psychiatrists in China, an ever-increasing number of psychiatrists in China are experiencing burnout and job dissatisfaction and considering leaving their jobs. Yet, to our knowledge, there have been no nationwide studies to date that examined both burnout and job dissatisfaction of psychiatrists in China. Therefore, this study evaluated burnout and job dissatisfaction of psychiatrists in China, and identified relevant characteristics. METHODS We conducted a nationwide, cross-sectional survey in March 2019. Psychiatrists from all tertiary psychiatric hospitals in China were invited to participate. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey and the short version of the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire were used to measure burnout and job satisfaction. Data on socio-demographic and occupational characteristics were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to identify socio-demographic and occupational characteristics associated with burnout and job satisfaction. RESULTS In total, 4520 psychiatrists from tertiary psychiatric hospitals in China completed the questionnaire. Overall, 38.4% of respondents met the criteria for burnout and 35.6% were dissatisfied with their jobs. Being male, more years of practice, having no leadership role, and longer working hours per week were significantly associated with burnout and job dissatisfaction. Lower monthly pay was significantly associated with job dissatisfaction but not burnout. Moreover, burnout was significantly associated with job dissatisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest a high rate of burnout and job dissatisfaction among psychiatrists in China. In order to preserve and strengthen the mental health workforce, proactive measures are urgently needed to mitigate burnout and job dissatisfaction among psychiatrists in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yao
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Peicheng Wang
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China ,grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Yi-Lang Tang
- grid.414026.50000 0004 0419 4084Mental Health Service Line, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033 USA ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Addiction Psychiatry Fellowship Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
| | - Yuanli Liu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Tingfang Liu
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Institute for Hospital Management of Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100091 China
| | - Huanzhong Liu
- grid.459419.4Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 238000 China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Psychiatry, Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China ,grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Feng Jiang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiming Zhu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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12
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Zhu H, Liu X, Yao L, Zhou L, Qin J, Zhu C, Ye Z, Pan H. Workplace violence in primary hospitals and associated risk factors: A cross-sectional study. Nurs Open 2021; 9:513-518. [PMID: 34655279 PMCID: PMC8685843 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the characteristics of workplace violence at primary hospitals in Southeast China and identify associated risk factors. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey design was used for this work. METHODS We distributed a workplace violence questionnaire among medical staff at primary hospitals in Southeast Zhejiang Province, China. The data were collected between December 2016 and December 2017. We analysed the categorical data by using the chi-square test and expressed it as frequencies. The risk factors were analysed by using multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Among the 2,560 questionnaires, 1,842 (71.9%) medical staff indicated that they had experienced workplace violence. Verbal assault was the most common type, followed by physical and sexual assault. Furthermore, gender, age, marital status, education, technical position and number of hospital beds' numbers were independent risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfang Zhu
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaona Liu
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linyan Yao
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfen Qin
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenping Zhu
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Ye
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Pan
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Zhou Y, Chen S, Liao Y, Wu Q, Ma Y, Wang D, Wang X, Li M, Wang Y, Wang Y, Liu Y, Liu T, Yang WFZ. General Perception of Doctor-Patient Relationship From Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Public Health 2021; 9:646486. [PMID: 34295863 PMCID: PMC8290183 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.646486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The doctor–patient relationship (DPR) is essential in the process of medical consultations and treatments. Poor DPR may lead to poor medical outcomes, medical violence against doctors, and a negative perception of the healthcare system. Little is known about how DPR is affected during this novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the DPR during the COVID-19 pandemic. There were 1,903 participants in China (95% response rate) who were recruited during the pandemic online via convenience and snowball sampling. Several questionnaires were used to evaluate participants' attitudes toward DPR, including the Patient–Doctor Relationship Questionnaire (PDRQ-9), Chinese Wake Forest Physician Trust Scale (C-WFPTS), a survey on medical violence against doctors, factors that affect and improve DPR, and general trust in medical services. Results revealed that DPR improved, and doctor–patient trust increased compared to participants' retrospective attitude before the pandemic. In addition, patients' violence against doctors decreased during the pandemic. Better doctor–patient trust and lower violence toward doctors are related to better DPR. Furthermore, we found that the main factors that could improve DPR include communication between doctors and patients, medical technology and services, and medical knowledge for patients. This study helped to better understand DPR in China, which may contribute to future health policies and medical practices in order to improve DPR and doctor–patient trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Shubao Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanhui Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiuxia Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuejiao Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Xuyi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Manyun Li
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yueheng Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tieqiao Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Winson Fu Zun Yang
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
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14
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Alhamad R, Suleiman A, Bsisu I, Santarisi A, Al Owaidat A, Sabri A, Farraj M, Al Omar M, Almazaydeh R, Odeh G, Al Mousa M, Mahseeri M. Violence against physicians in Jordan: An analytical cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245192. [PMID: 33493170 PMCID: PMC7833172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High numbers of violence incidents against physicians are reported annually in both developing and developed countries. In Jordan, studies conducted on healthcare workers involved small number of physicians and showed higher percentages of violence exposure when compared to other investigations from the Middle East. This is a large study aiming to comprehensively analyze the phenomenon in the physicians’ community to optimize future strategies countering it. Methods The study has a cross sectional, questionnaire-based design. It targeted 969 doctors from different types of healthcare Jordanian institutions in Amman, between May to July, 2019. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate properties of reported abuse cases in terms of abusers, timing, and type of abuse, in addition to the consequences of this abuse. Results Prevalence of exposure to violence in the last year among doctors was 63.1% (611 doctors). 423 (67.2%) of male doctors had an experience of being abused during the last 12 months, compared to 188 (55.3%) of females (p< 0.001). Governmental centers showed the highest prevalence. Among 356 doctors working in governmental medical centers, 268 (75.3%) reported being abused (p< 0.001), and they were more abused verbally (63.5%) and physically (10.4%) compared to other medical sectors (p <0.001). The mean score of how worried doctors are regarding violence at their workplace from 1 to 5 was 3.1 ± 1.3, and only 129 (13.3%) believed that they are protected by law. Conclusions The study emphasized on the higher rate of violence against physicians in the governmental sector, in addition to the negative effect of abuse on their performance. Moreover, male physicians had higher incidence of workplace abuse. Therefore, strategies that ease and promote the real application of anti-violence policies should become our future target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruba Alhamad
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Accidents, University of Jordan, School of Medicine, Amman, Jordan
| | - Aiman Suleiman
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Jordan, School of Medicine, Amman, Jordan
| | - Isam Bsisu
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Jordan, School of Medicine, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abeer Santarisi
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Accidents, University of Jordan, School of Medicine, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Al Owaidat
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Accidents, University of Jordan, School of Medicine, Amman, Jordan
| | - Albatool Sabri
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Accidents, University of Jordan, School of Medicine, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Farraj
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Accidents, University of Jordan, School of Medicine, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Al Omar
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Accidents, University of Jordan, School of Medicine, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rawan Almazaydeh
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Accidents, University of Jordan, School of Medicine, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ghada Odeh
- Department of General Surgery, University of Jordan, School of Medicine, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Al Mousa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Jordan, School of Medicine, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohamad Mahseeri
- Department of General Surgery, University of Jordan, School of Medicine, Amman, Jordan
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15
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Wang H, Zhang Y, Sun L. The effect of workplace violence on depression among medical staff in China: the mediating role of interpersonal distrust. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2020; 94:557-564. [PMID: 33196860 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-020-01607-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Workplace violence has been recognized globally as a serious occupational hazard in health service occupations, and existing studies have identified that workplace violence can significantly lead to depression. Interpersonal distrust, an important topic, has also been proved associated with workplace violence and depression. However, the mediating effect of interpersonal distrust has not been tested before. Results of such testing can help us to understand further the effect mechanism of workplace violence on depression. METHODS In the current study, we collected 3426 valid questionnaires based on a cross-sectional design distributed among medical staff in Chinese hospitals. Depression, workplace violence, interpersonal distrust, social support, physical diseases, and some other social-demographic variables were evaluated. SPSS macros program (PROCESS v3.3) was used to test the mediating effect of interpersonal distrust on the association between workplace violence and depression. RESULTS The data analyzed in the current study demonstrated that 52.2% of medical staff had experienced workplace violence before. Experiencing verbal violence (β = 2.99, p < 0.001), experiencing physical violence (β = 3.70, p < 0.01), experiencing both kinds of violence (β = 4.84, p < 0.001), high levels of interpersonal distrust (β = 0.22, p < 0.001), working as a nurse (β = 1.10, p < 0.05), working as a manager (β = - 1.72, p < 0.001), suffering physical disease (β = 3.35, p < 0.001), and receiving social support (β = - 0.23, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with depression. Workplace violence had not only positive direct effects on depression, but also an indirect effect on depression through interpersonal distrust as a mediator. CONCLUSION Interpersonal distrust can mediate the association between workplace violence and depression. Increasing interpersonal trust or reducing workplace violence would be beneficial to promoting mental health status among medical staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Wang
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Long Sun
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, 250012, China.
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16
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Fang H, Wei L, Mao J, Jia H, Li P, Li Y, Fu Y, Zhao S, Liu H, Jiang K, Jiao M, Qiao H, Wu Q. Extent and risk factors of psychological violence towards physicians and Standardised Residency Training physicians: a Northern China experience. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2020; 18:330. [PMID: 33028344 PMCID: PMC7542751 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-01574-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Physicians and Standardised Residency Training physicians (SRTPs) have relatively high exposure to psychological violence. Its adverse effects are far greater than those of physical violence. However, no previous research has paid attention to the problem of psychological violence among them. This study aims to evaluate the extent, characteristics, and risk factors of psychological violence among SRTPs in comparison to physicians, and also to highlight the psychological violence experienced by SRTPs and suggest preventive measures. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in northern China. 884 physicians and 537 SRTPs completed a questionnaire which compiled by the ILO, ICN, WHO and PSI in 2003 to measure violence in the workplace. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used to analyse results. Results The effective response rates of physicians and SRTPs were 63.1%(884/1400) and 86.3%(537/622) respectively. 73.0%(645/884) of physicians and 24.8%(133/537) of SRTPs suffered psychological violence in the past year. Compared to physicians (29/645, 4.5%), SRTPs (42/133, 31.6%) experience more internal violence. Further, after experiencing psychological violence, physicians are willing to talk to family and friends, but SRTPs generally take no action. Shift work was a risk factor for both physicians (OR 1.440, 95% CI 1.014–2.203) and SRTPs (OR 1.851, 95% CI 1.217–2.815) suffering from psychological violence. In contrast, no anxiety symptoms protected physicians (OR 0.406, 95% CI 0.209–0.789) and SRTPs (OR 0.404, 95% CI 0.170–0.959) against psychological violence. Conclusions SRTPs and physicians in northern China have a high risk of experiencing psychological violence, and physicians experience more. Meanwhile, there are obvious differences in responses to psychological violence and risk factors between them. Therefore, medical institutions should pay more attention to psychological violence, especially among SRTPs, such as supporting the reporting of psychological violence, strengthening team relationships, and providing psychological comfort and counselling. Trial registration number (Project Identification Code: HMUIRB20160014), Registered May 10, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Fang
- President's Office of Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Lifeng Wei
- Department of Health, Policy and Hospital Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jingfu Mao
- Department of Human Resource Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Haonan Jia
- Department of Medical Affairs, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 150081, China
| | - Peng Li
- Education Section of Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Yuze Li
- Harbin No.6 High School, Harbin, 150300, China
| | - Yapeng Fu
- Graduate Department of Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Siqi Zhao
- Department of Psychology and Humanities Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Donggang Road 48, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - He Liu
- Office of Academic Affairs, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Kexin Jiang
- Department of Health, Policy and Hospital Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Mingli Jiao
- Department of Health, Policy and Hospital Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Hong Qiao
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Qunhong Wu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
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17
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Kaur A, Ahamed F, Sengupta P, Majhi J, Ghosh T. Pattern of workplace violence against doctors practising modern medicine and the subsequent impact on patient care, in India. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239193. [PMID: 32946495 PMCID: PMC7500628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The incidents of violence against doctors, leading to grievous injury and even death, seem to be on an increasing trend in recent years. There is a paucity of studies on workplace violence against doctors and its effect, in India. The present study was conducted to assess workplace violence faced by doctors, its effect on the psycho-social wellbeing of the treating doctor and, subsequently, on patient management. Methods The present nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2019 –April 2020. The sample size was calculated assuming the prevalence of workplace violence as 50%, with 20% non-response. Doctors, working in private and/or public set-up, with ≥1 year clinical experience, were included. A pre-tested study tool- Google form—was sent to study participants via social media platforms. The Microsoft Excel spreadsheet was downloaded from google drive and data was analysed using STATA-12 statistical software. Results A total of 617 responses were received from doctors all over India; out of which 477 (77.3%) doctors had ever faced workplace violence. “Actual or perceived non-improvement or deterioration of patient’s condition" (40.0%), followed by “perception of wrong treatment given” (37.3%) were the main causes of workplace violence; and the family members/relatives were the major perpetrators (82.2%). More than half of the participants reported “loss of self-esteem”, “feeling of shame” and “stress/depression/anxiety/ideas of persecution” after the incident. Management by surgical interventions (p-value<0.001) and handling of emergency/complicated cases (p-value<0.001) decreased significantly with an increase in severity of workplace violence; while the suggestion of investigations and referrals increased (p-value<0.001). Conclusions Workplace violence has a significant effect on the psycho-social well-being of doctors, as well as on patient management; which may escalate discontent and distrust among the general public, thereby increasing incidents of workplace violence—in a self-propagating vicious cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Community Medicine & Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Farhad Ahamed
- Department of Community Medicine & Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Paramita Sengupta
- Department of Community Medicine & Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Jitendra Majhi
- Department of Community Medicine & Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Tandra Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
- * E-mail:
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Gan Y, Chen Y, Wang C, Latkin C, Hall BJ. The fight against COVID-19 and the restoration of trust in Chinese medical professionals. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 51:102072. [PMID: 32334408 PMCID: PMC7195353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Gan
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, China.
| | - Yidi Chen
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, China; Southern Medical University, Institute for Global Health and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, China.
| | - Carl Latkin
- Department of Health Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA.
| | - Brian J Hall
- Department of Health Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA; Global and Community Mental Health Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macao (SAR), China.
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Du Y, Wang W, Washburn DJ, Lee S, Towne SD, Zhang H, Maddock JE. Violence against healthcare workers and other serious responses to medical disputes in China: surveys of patients at 12 public hospitals. BMC Health Serv Res 2020; 20:253. [PMID: 32216766 PMCID: PMC7098126 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05104-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence against healthcare workers is a global issue that is on the rise, with Chinese healthcare workers facing growing challenges with hospital violence. Attacks on medical staff have increased in recent years with no clear resolution. Prior research focused on policies to improve the doctor-patient relationship and better protect clinicians, but few studies addressed the patient perspective. This paper examines patients' choices when facing a medical dispute and identifies groups who are more likely to respond to conflict with violence or other serious actions. METHODS Patient survey responses were collected in 12 leading public hospitals in five Chinese provinces with 5556 participants. The survey asked sociodemographic information, patients' attitudes (e.g., general optimism, trust in their physicians, perceived healthcare quality), and their primary response to a medical dispute. From least to most severe, the options range from "complaining within the family" to "violence." We used t-tests and Chi-square tests to explore the relationships between reactions and patient characteristics. We also performed multivariable logistic regressions to determine the impact of sociodemographics and provider trust on the seriousness of responses. RESULTS The primary response of a third of respondents was complaining to hospital or health department officials (32.5%). Seeking legal help (26.3%) and direct negotiation with doctors (19.6%) were other frequent responses. More serious responses included 83 stating violence (1.5%), 9.7% expressing a desire to expose the issue to the news media, and 7.4% resorting to seeking third-party assistance. Patients who were more likely to report "violence" were male (OR = 1.81, p < .05), high-income earners (OR = 3.71, p < .05), or reported lower life satisfaction (OR = 1.40, p < .05). Higher trust scores were associated with a lower likelihood of a serious response, including violence (OR = 0.80, p < .01). CONCLUSION Most respondents reported mild reactions when facing a medical dispute. Among those who reported the intent of serious reactions, some sociodemographic characteristics and the trust of physicians could be predictive. To prevent future hospital violence, this work helps identify the characteristics of patients who are more likely to seek severe approaches to medical dispute resolution, including resorting to violence. From these results, hospitals will be better able to target specific groups for interventions that build patient-provider trust and improve general patient satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian Du
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Hutchinson Institute for Cancer Outcome Research (HICOR), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
- Data Generation and Observational Studies, Bayer Healthcare U.S. LLC, Whippany, NJ 07981 USA
| | - Wenxin Wang
- Department of Public Administration, Law School, Shantou University, Shan-Tou, 515063 People’s Republic of China
| | - David J. Washburn
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Shinduk Lee
- Center for Population Health and Aging, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Samuel D. Towne
- Center for Population Health and Aging, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA
- Disability, Aging, and Technology Cluster Initiative, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
- Southwest Rural Health Research Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Jay E. Maddock
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
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20
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Ezeobele IE, Mock A, McBride R, Mackey-Godine A, Harris D, Russell CD, Lane SD. Patient-on-Staff Assaults: Perspectives of Mental Health Staff at an Acute Inpatient Psychiatric Teaching Hospital in the United States. Can J Nurs Res 2020; 53:242-253. [PMID: 32052639 DOI: 10.1177/0844562120904624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical assaults perpetrated by patients in psychiatric hospitals against mental health staff (MHS) is a serious concern facing psychiatric hospitals. Assaulted staff reports physical and psychological trauma that affects their personal and professional lives. There is a dearth of literature exploring this phenomenon. PURPOSE To explore MHS perspectives of assault by psychiatric patients. METHODS A transcendental phenomenological qualitative design was used to explore and analyze the perspectives of a purposeful sample of 120 MHS perspectives at an acute inpatient psychiatric hospital. Participants' age ranged from 22 to 63 years (mean age = 32.4). Moustakas' theoretical underpinnings guided the study. RESULTS Two patterns, 8 themes, and 19 subthemes were identified: (a) Psychological impacts revealed four themes-increase of anxiety/fear level, helplessness and hopelessness, flashbacks/burnout, and doubting own competency. (b) Physiosocial impacts revealed four themes-unsupportive superiors, stigmatization of staff victim, failure to report the incident, and environmental safety. DISCUSSION Participants verbalized that assaults by patients have instilled fear and trauma in them. Most of the assaults occurred when staff were performing their routine job functions and setting limits to patient's behavior. CONCLUSION The study allowed MHS opportunities to narrate their lived experiences of being assaulted by patients and provided validation of their perspectives. Findings illuminated the phenomenon and may help to support policy changes in psychiatric hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ardell Mock
- UTHealth Harris County Psychiatric Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rachel McBride
- UTHealth Harris County Psychiatric Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Dorothy Harris
- UTHealth Harris County Psychiatric Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Scott D Lane
- UTHealth Harris County Psychiatric Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
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Grover S, Dalton N, Avasthi A. Workplace violence against doctors in a tertiary care hospital. Ind Psychiatry J 2020; 29:38-46. [PMID: 33776274 PMCID: PMC7989456 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_79_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate the magnitude and factors associated with violence against doctors. MATERIALS AND METHODS An online survey of doctors working in a tertiary care hospital in India was done by using the modified version of the workplace violence (WPV) in the Health Sector Questionnaire, developed by the World Health Organization. RESULTS Out of the 353 participants, 193 doctors (54.6%) reported being exposed to violence at their workplace in the past 6 months. Participants from the medical branches (57.8%), senior residents (60.3%), and those who were posted in emergency services (79.4%) and night duty (56.1%) reported more violence. The most common type of WPV was verbal abuse (91.2%), and the perpetrators were relatives of the patients (51.7%). The possible perceived reasons for WPV were patient overload (69.7%), prolonged duty hours and excessive workload (69.7%), and long waiting periods for patients/caregivers (66.9%). The majority of the participants considered that recruiting an adequate number of professional and paraprofessional staff (75.6%) can lead to a reduction in WPV. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that more than half of the doctors working in a tertiary care hospital in India face WPV. There is a lack of specific redressal mechanism to address WPV. Accordingly, there is a need to develop a mechanism for reporting of WPV and to implement preventive strategies at the individual level and at the system level. There is need for strengthening and implementing laws and making new policies to reduce WPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nobel Dalton
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajit Avasthi
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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22
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The weakness of the strong: Examining the squeaky-wheel effect of hospital violence in China. Soc Sci Med 2020; 245:112717. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Gu X, Itoh K. A comparative study on healthcare employee satisfaction between Japan and China. Int J Health Plann Manage 2020; 35:171-184. [DOI: 10.1002/hpm.2859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhu Gu
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Economics, School of EngineeringTokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan
| | - Kenji Itoh
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Economics, School of EngineeringTokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan
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24
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Zhou H, Jiang F, Rakofsky J, Hu L, Liu T, Wu S, Liu H, Liu Y, Tang YL. Job satisfaction and associated factors among psychiatric nurses in tertiary psychiatric hospitals: Results from a nationwide cross-sectional study. J Adv Nurs 2019; 75:3619-3630. [PMID: 31566793 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the job satisfaction among psychiatric nurses in China and to explore its associated factors. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey among a nationwide sample from 32 tertiary psychiatric hospitals in 29 provincial capitals in China. METHODS Nurses (N = 9.907) were targeted for this survey in December 2017. In all, 8,493 responded (response rate = 85.7%) and 7,881 (79.5%) were included in the analysis. An online questionnaire was used to collect demographics and factors related to the work environment. The short version of the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire was used to assess job satisfaction. Multilevel regression was used to examine the association between job satisfaction and these factors. RESULTS The mean job satisfaction score was 73.7. The multiple regression analysis indicated that self-rated health, monthly income, medical liability insurance coverage, perceived respect from patients, social recognition, nurse-physician collaboration, and trust were significantly associated with higher job satisfaction scores, while age, work hours, and directly experiencing patient-initiated violence were negatively associated with job satisfaction (p < .05). CONCLUSION Overall, Chinese psychiatric nurses are closer to satisfied than neutral and some demographics and factors related to stressful work environments were associated with nurses' job satisfaction scores. IMPACT This study examined factors associated with the job satisfaction of Chinese psychiatric nurses in a nationwide sample and indicated that to improve nurses' job satisfaction, the government and hospital administrators could consider ways to promote nurses' personal health and to modify the stressful work environments, such as improving income, reducing work hours, promoting the psychiatric nursing specialty in ways that increase the public's respect for it, increasing awareness of medical liability insurance coverage, and protecting nurses from patients' violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixuan Zhou
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.,School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jeffrey Rakofsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Linlin Hu
- School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tingfang Liu
- Institute for Hospital Management of Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shichao Wu
- School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huanzhong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanli Liu
- School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Lang Tang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Mental Health Service Line, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
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25
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Askin R, Vahapoglu F, Onen S, Kanat BB, Taymur I, Budak E. Psychopathology in Violent Offenders Against Healthcare Workers. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2019; 34:786-803. [PMID: 31575815 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-17-00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Workplace violence in healthcare is gradually becoming a major concern in many countries around the world and research has usually been focused on the victims of violence. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychopathology of individuals who commit violence against healthcare workers. The study included 50 subjects (patient or relative of patient) aged 18-65 years who had committed violence against a healthcare worker (study group) and a control group of 55 subjects with no history of violence. A Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Short Form (EPQ-RSF) were administered to both the study group and the control group. A psychiatric disorder was diagnosed in 50% of the violent offenders group and in 16.4% of the control group. It was determined that 54.8% of the patient relatives and 44.4% of the patients themselves who committed a violent act against healthcare workers had at least one psychiatric diagnosis and these rates did not differ between the patients and their relatives (χ2 = 0.492, p = 0.483). Comparisons of the scale scores between the groups revealed that the STAXI scores (p < .001), BIS-11 total scores (p < .001), BDI, and BAI scores were statistically significantly higher in the violent offenders group. Considering the higher rates of psychiatric disorders and higher levels of anger and impulsivity among people who commit violent acts against healthcare workers, psychotherapeutic interventions such as stress and anger management interventions, improvement of interaction and communication between patients, their relatives and healthcare workers, and the implementation of rehabilitating punitive programs for violent offenders may be beneficial to reduce the rates of violent behavior against healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustem Askin
- Department of Psychiatry, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Yıldırım/Bursa, Turkey
| | - Fatih Vahapoglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Yıldırım/Bursa, Turkey
| | - Sinay Onen
- Department of Psychiatry, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Yıldırım/Bursa, Turkey
| | - Bilgen Bicer Kanat
- Department of Psychiatry, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Yıldırım/Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Taymur
- Department of Psychiatry, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Yıldırım/Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ersin Budak
- Department of Psychiatry, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Yıldırım/Bursa, Turkey
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26
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Tang N, Thomson LE. Workplace Violence in Chinese Hospitals: The Effects of Healthcare Disturbance on the Psychological Well-Being of Chinese Healthcare Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16193687. [PMID: 31575019 PMCID: PMC6801679 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare disturbance is a form of workplace violence against healthcare workers perpetrated by patients, their relatives, and gangs hired by them. It is a prevalent phenomenon in China, where evidence suggests that it impacts on the job satisfaction of healthcare workers. This study aims to examine the relationship between healthcare disturbance, surface acting as a response to emotional labour, and depressive symptoms in Chinese healthcare workers. The study adopted a cross-sectional design and used an online survey methodology. Data were collected from 418 doctors and nurses from one hospital in China. The results showed that frequency of healthcare disturbance was positively related to surface acting and depressive symptoms, respectively; surface acting was also positively related to depression, while deep acting showed no effect on symptoms of depression. Furthermore, surface acting in response to emotional labour mediated the relationship between healthcare disturbance and depressive symptoms. The results highlight the importance of preventing healthcare disturbance and of training healthcare staff in strategies for managing emotional demands in reducing depressive symptoms in Chinese healthcare staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Tang
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Nottingham NG8 1BB, UK
| | - Louise E Thomson
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Nottingham NG8 1BB, UK.
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27
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Abstract
Liana Woskie and Mosoka Fallah use the Ebola outbreak in Liberia to better understand the role and consequences of distrust in health systems and how it affects universal health coverage
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana R Woskie
- Harvard Global Health Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Mosoka P Fallah
- National Public Health Institute of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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28
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Lowry B, Eck LM, Howe EE, Peterson J, Gibson CA. Workplace Violence: Experiences of Internal Medicine Trainees at an Academic Medical Center. South Med J 2019; 112:310-314. [PMID: 31158883 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000000984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Healthcare professionals are at higher risk for workplace violence (WPV) than workers in other sectors. This elevated risk exists despite the vast underreporting of WPV in the medical setting. The challenge of responding to this risk is compounded by limited empirical research on medical training environments. Understanding trainees' experience and educating them on workplace safety, WPV reporting, and awareness of resources are shared goals of educational and institutional leadership. In our setting, clear understanding and education were urgent after the enactment of a statewide "constitutional carry" law affording individuals a right to carry concealed firearms in all state-owned universities and hospitals, beginning in July 2017. We sought to examine the incidence of WPV affecting Internal Medicine trainees to understand the types of violence encountered, reporting rates, and the factors that influence reporting. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional online survey of Internal Medicine residents and fellows in practice for the previous 12 months. Survey items included both forced choice and open-ended questions. Descriptive statistics were calculated and used to summarize the study variables. χ2 tests were performed to examine whether sex differences existed for each of the survey questions. Qualitative responses were content analyzed and organized thematically. RESULTS Of 186 trainees, 88 completed the survey. Forty-seven percent of respondents experienced WPV, with >90% of cases involving a patient, a patient's family member, or a patient's friend. Verbal assault was the most common type of incident encountered. Trainees formally reported fewer than half of the violent incidents disclosed in the survey. Major factors that influenced reporting included the severity of the incident, condition of the patient, and clarity of the reporting mechanism. CONCLUSIONS Previous research indicates similar amounts and types of WPV. Likewise, a large percentage of the incidents are not reported. Addressing the key factors related to why physicians underreport can inform institutions on how to make systematic changes to reduce WPV and its negative impact. Future research is needed to examine whether specific interventions can be implemented to improve reporting and reduce the incidence of WPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky Lowry
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
| | - Leigh M Eck
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
| | - Erica E Howe
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
| | - JoHanna Peterson
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
| | - Cheryl A Gibson
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
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Zhan Y, Kim SK, Zhou L, Xie B, Li Y, Wen B, Nie L. Patient violence and health professionals’ occupational outcomes in China: A time-lagged survey study. Int J Nurs Stud 2019; 94:120-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Addressing Risks of Violence against Healthcare Staff in Emergency Departments: The Effects of Job Satisfaction and Attachment Style. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5430870. [PMID: 31275976 PMCID: PMC6558649 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5430870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Violence in the workplace is one of the most serious issues affecting the healthcare sector. The incidence of violent behaviour towards healthcare workers is increasing worldwide. It is difficult to assess the extent of the problem, however, as violent incidents are underreported. In fact, many doctors and nurses see violence-perpetrated primarily by patients and visitors (friends and relatives of patients)-as a part of their job. Several studies indicate that violent behaviour against healthcare workers has serious consequences for the professionals involved, as well as for the wider healthcare system. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of patient and visitor violence in a number of emergency departments in northeastern Italy and to explore the relationship between violence and certain psychosocial factors (adult attachment style, age, and job satisfaction). Data were collected using an online questionnaire. Our results demonstrate that patient and visitor violence in emergency departments is a serious risk for nurses and doctors and that it is affected by several factors relating to both patient pathologies and the way the workplace and work patterns are organised. Previous studies indicate that the most common form of violence experienced in these contexts is emotional violence and that nurses are more likely than doctors to suffer emotional and physical violence. Based on multiple regression analysis of the data, it appears that greater age and higher scores in secure attachment are associated with reduced experience of emotional violence from patients and visitors. Furthermore, our results show that the relationship between secure attachment and the amount of patient-and-visitor-perpetrated emotional violence experienced is mediated by levels of job satisfaction. We also discuss the potential implications of these results in terms of using staff training to prevent and manage patient and visitor violence and improve the safety of healthcare professionals.
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Hu G, Han X, Zhou H, Liu Y. Public Perception on Healthcare Services: Evidence from Social Media Platforms in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16071273. [PMID: 30974729 PMCID: PMC6479867 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16071273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Social media has been used as data resource in a growing number of health-related research. The objectives of this study were to identify content volume and sentiment polarity of social media records relevant to healthcare services in China. A list of the key words of healthcare services were used to extract data from WeChat and Qzone, between June 2017 and September 2017. The data were put into a corpus, where content analyses were performed using Tencent natural language processing (NLP). The final corpus contained approximately 29 million records. Records on patient safety were the most frequently mentioned topic (approximately 8.73 million, 30.1% of the corpus), with the contents on humanistic care having received the least social media references (0.43 Million, 1.5%). Sentiment analyses showed 36.1%, 16.4%, and 47.4% of positive, neutral, and negative emotions, respectively. The doctor-patient relationship category had the highest proportion of negative contents (74.9%), followed by service efficiency (59.5%), and nursing service (53.0%). Neutral disposition was found to be the highest (30.4%) in the contents on appointment-booking services. This study added evidence to the magnitude and direction of public perceptions on healthcare services in China’s hospital and pointed to the possibility of monitoring healthcare service improvement, using readily available data in social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Hu
- School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Xueyan Han
- School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Huixuan Zhou
- School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Yuanli Liu
- School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
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Viotti S, Guidetti G, Converso D. Nurses Between the Hammer and the Anvil: Analyzing the Role of the Workplace Prevention Climate in Reducing Internal and External Violence. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2019; 34:363-375. [PMID: 31019017 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-17-00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test a model including relationships among internal and external violence, workplace violence-prevention climate, exhaustion, and intention to leave (ITL) in a sample of nurses. Data were collected by a self-report questionnaire involving nurses (n = 313) from two multispecialist hospitals in Italy. The survey was cross-sectional and nonrandomized. Path analyses showed the presence of the mediating role of internal violence between workplace prevention climate and exhaustion, as well as the mediating function of both types of violence between workplace prevention climate and ITL. Moreover, an indirect effect through exhaustion between internal violence and ITL was highlighted. These findings suggested that organizations that invest in preventive measures may reduce incidents of violence and, in turn, prevent negative consequences on worker well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Viotti
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Italy
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Qiu T, Liu C, Huang H, Yang S, Gu Z, Tian F, Wu H. The mediating role of psychological capital on the association between workplace violence and professional identity among Chinese doctors: a cross-sectional study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2019; 12:209-217. [PMID: 31114405 PMCID: PMC6474643 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s198443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Workplace violence (WPV) and psychological capital (PsyCap) are linked to professional identity, however, little research has examined how WPV is associated with professional identity via PsyCap. This study is aimed to examine the association between WPV and professional identity, and to further explore whether PsyCap can serve as a mediator between WPV and professional identity among Chinese doctors. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November to December in Liaoning Province in China, in 2017. The study used a questionnaire consisting of Workplace Violence Scale (WVS), Occupational Identity Scale (OIS), Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ), as well as questions about demographic characteristics. Out of 1200 doctors, 995 (effective response rate of 82.92%) completed the questionnaire survey and became our final subjects. Hierarchical multiple regression and the asymptotic and resampling strategies were conducted to explore the mediating role of PsyCap in the relationship between WPV and professional identity. Results: After adjusting for demographic characteristics, WPV was negatively associated with professional identity (β=−0.37; P<0.01). Mediation analysis indicated that PsyCap was a mediator in the relationship between WPV and professional identity. Two dimensions of PsyCap: self-efficacy (a*b =−0.04, BCa 95% CI: (−0.08, −0.01); P<0.01) and hope (a*b =−0.04, BCa 95% CI: (−0.08, −0.01); P<0.01) also did exhibit mediating effects in the relationship between WPV and professional identity. The proportion of self-efficacy, hope and PsyCap mediation was 10.73%, 10.77%, 36.22% for professional identity respectively. Conclusion: These results provided evidence that PsyCap could mediate the association between WPV and professional identity. To increase the level of professional identity, positive interventions targeting PsyCap should be taken, with a focus on self-efficacy and hope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Qiu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunli Liu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihan Yang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Gu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangqiong Tian
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
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Workplace violence and development of burnout symptoms: a prospective cohort study on 1823 social educators. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2019; 92:843-853. [PMID: 30906955 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-019-01424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Burnout and workplace violence (WPV) have been associated in cross-sectional studies, but longitudinal studies with solid methods and adequate sample sizes are lacking. This study investigates whether WPV increases burnout symptoms during a 12-month period. METHODS Questionnaire data were collected on 1823 social educators at baseline and 12-month follow-up, coupled with additionally 12 monthly text-message surveys on exposure to WPV. Using general linear modelling for repeated measures, we estimated change over time in burnout symptoms in three WPV exposure groups (none, low, high). RESULTS A time by exposure to WPV interaction existed for development of burnout; F(2) = 7.2, p = 0.001 η2 = 0.011. Burnout increased significantly within the group of low exposure; F(1) = 6.8, p = 0.01 and high exposure; F(1) = 6.7 p = 0.001, but not within the non-exposed F(1) = 2.1 p = 0.15. At follow-up, both the low exposed and high exposed had significantly higher levels of burnout compared to the non-exposed. CONCLUSION Exposure to WPV increases level of burnout within a 12-month period. We propose that assessment of burnout in future studies should utilize instruments capable of detecting small changes. We further propose that prevention against employee burnout could be improved using monitoring targeted at employees exposed to WPV.
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Jiang F, Zhou H, Rakofsky J, Hu L, Liu T, Wu S, Liu H, Liu Y, Tang Y. Intention to leave and associated factors among psychiatric nurses in China: A nationwide cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Stud 2019; 94:159-165. [PMID: 30978616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The retention of psychiatric nurses is an important concern for healthcare administrators in China. However, Chinese psychiatric nurses' intention to leave their jobs and the factors associated with it have been scarcely studied. OBJECTIVE To investigate Chinese psychiatric nurses' intention to leave their jobs, and to explore the associations between the intention to leave and individual characteristics, job-related factors and job satisfaction. DESIGN A cross-sectional, anonymous survey of a nationwide sample was conducted. SETTINGS Thirty-two tertiary psychiatric hospitals in 29 provincial capital cities in China. PARTICIPANTS All 9907 nurses in 32 hospitals were targeted for this survey conducted in December 2017; 8493 responded (response rate = 85.7%), and 7933 (without logic errors in the data) were included in the analysis. METHODS A questionnaire was used to investigate the respondent's intention to leave their job and to collect data on related factors, including individual characteristics (gender, age, marital status, educational background and self-rated health), job-related factors (professional title, working years, income, work hours, history of patient-initiated violence, perceived respect from patients, social recognition as well as physician-nurse coordination and trust) and job satisfaction. The short version of the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire was used to assess job satisfaction. Chi-square tests and multilevel logistic regression analysis were used to examine associations between an intention to leave and other factors. RESULTS Among 7933 respondents, 20.2% reported an intention to leave their current jobs. The multiple regression analysis showed that better self-rated health (i.e. OR = 0.373, 95%CI = 0.308-0.452 for good health, reference: poor health), working more than 20 years (OR = 0.479, 95%CI = 0.389-0.590, reference: 20 years or less), higher monthly income (i.e. OR = 0.521, 95%CI = 0.399-0.680 for 6001-8000 RMBs, reference: 4500 RMB or less), perceived patient respect (OR = 0.727, 95%CI = 0.623-0.849), physician-nurse coordination (OR = 0.549, 95%CI = 0.480-0.629) and being satisfied with one's job (OR = 0.373, 95%CI = 0.308-0.452) were negatively associated with an intention to leave; while those who were male (OR = 1.879, 95%CI = 1.605-2.199), working more than 40 hours per week (OR = 1.584, 95%CI = 1.374-1.825) and experienced patient-initiated violence in the past 12 months (OR = 1.566, 95%CI = 1.376-1.781) had a higher odds of reporting an intention to leave. CONCLUSIONS Self-rated health, monthly income, work hours, patient-initiated violence, perceived patient respect, physician-nurse coordination and job satisfaction are significant factors associated with a nurse's intention to quit their job. In order to retain nurses in Chinese tertiary psychiatric hospitals, the government and hospital administrators should consider ways to address these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Huixuan Zhou
- School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Jeffrey Rakofsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 12 Executive Park Drive NE, Suite 300, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
| | - Linlin Hu
- School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Tingfang Liu
- Institute for Hospital Management of Tsinghua University, K308 Tsinghuayuan District, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Shichao Wu
- School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Huanzhong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 64 Hubei Road, Chaohu District, Hefei, China.
| | - Yuanli Liu
- School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Yilang Tang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 12 Executive Park Drive NE, Suite 300, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA; Mental Health Service Line, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA.
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Jatic Z, Erkocevic H, Trifunovic N, Tatarevic E, Keco A, Sporisevic L, Hasanovic E. Frequency and Forms of Workplace Violence in Primary Health Care. Med Arch 2019; 73:6-10. [PMID: 31097851 PMCID: PMC6445619 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2019.73.6-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Violence at work has become an alarming problem worldwide. The real size of the problem is unknown because of underreporting. The aim of the survey was to estimate the prevalence of workplace violence (WPV) among primary health care professionals in the Public Institution Health Center of Sarajevo Canton (HCSC), Bosnia and Herzegovina, and determine possible association with demographic and work-related characteristics of participants. AIM The aim of the survey was to estimate the prevalence of workplace violence (WPV) among Primary health care professionals in the Public Institution Health Center of Sarajevo Canton (HCSC), Bosnia and Herzegovina, and determine possible association with demographic and work-related characteristics of participants. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted between March and May 2017. The sample consisted of medical professionals employed at HCSC. The data were collected by a questionnaire with 42 questions divided into 7 blocks of topic. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the sample. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to test the association between the occurrence of violence and independent variables (gender, age, years of work experience and office setting). RESULTS A total of 558 out of 983 health professionals employed in Primary health care were involved in this survey. The overall prevalence of WPV was 90.3%, with 498 (89.2%) exposed to verbal violence and 417 (74.7%) exposed to indirect physical violence. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that the following demographic and work-related characteristics were positively significantly associated with WPV: women were associated with verbal violence [Odd ratio (OR) 1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06, 1.47] and stalking [OR= 2.06, 95% CI (1.04, 4.08)]. Office setting (urban) was significantly positively associated with indirect physical violence [OR= 1.59, 95% CI (1.03, 2.47)]. CONCLUSION Almost all health professionals in Sarajevo primary health care were subjected to different types of WPV. There is a need for intervention to provide safer workplace environment. Professional, administrative, legal support and protection of health professionals by the health authorities and institution management is urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaim Jatic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Public Institution Health Center of Sarajevo Canton, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Hasiba Erkocevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Public Institution Health Center of Sarajevo Canton, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Natasa Trifunovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Public Institution Health Center of Sarajevo Canton, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Elvedin Tatarevic
- Public Institution Health Center of Sarajevo Canton, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amela Keco
- Public Institution Health Center of Sarajevo Canton, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Lutvo Sporisevic
- Public Institution Health Center of Sarajevo Canton, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Elvira Hasanovic
- Public Institution Health Center of Sarajevo Canton, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Ish P, Rathi V. Violence against Medical Fraternity: Time to Act. MAMC JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/mamcjms.mamcjms_49_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Zhu L, Li L, Lang J. Gender differences in workplace violence against physicians of obstetrics and gynecology in China: A questionnaire in the national congress. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208693. [PMID: 30532213 PMCID: PMC6287814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background China has witnessed a surge in violence against medical personnel, including widely reported incidents of violent abuse, riots, attacks, and protests in hospitals, but little is known about the impact of gender differences on the workplace violence against physicians of obstetrics and gynecology. The aim of this study was to analyse gender differences in workplace violence against physicians of obstetrics and gynecology in China. Methods Printed questionnaires were sent to participants of a national congress of obstetricians and gynecologists. The questionnaire consisted of items relevant to epidemiologic characteristics, workplace violence experienced in the past 12 months, participants’ attitudes toward violence and physician–patient relationship. Data from female and male physicians were compared in univariate and multivariate analyses. Results We sent out 1,425 questionnaires, and 1,300 (91.2%) physicians responded. Among 1,247 participants with specified gender, female and male physicians consisted of 162 (13.0%) and 1,085 (87.0%), respectively. Over the past 12 months, about two-thirds of these physicians suffered verbal abuse in the workplace, gender difference aside. After adjustment for education status, working hospital and subspecialty, male physicians had suffered more physical assaults than female colleagues (18.8% vs. 10.5%, adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4–3.7), most attacks without apparent physical injuries (adjusted OR 2.3, 95% CI, 1.4–3.7). Male physicians also suffered more sexual assaults than female colleagues (5.0% vs. 1.3%, adjusted OR 4.8, 95% CI, 1.8–13.3), nearly all of verbal harassment. There were only two sexual attacks on female physicians, and no rapes occurred. Although almost all physicians regarded the current circumstance as “unhealthy and stressful”, more than half of them would take various active initiatives to create and maintain healthy and friendly physician–patient relationships. Conclusion Male physicians of obstetrics and gynecology in China suffered the same number of verbal abuse incidents but more physical and sexual assaults than their female colleagues. Both genders had similar opinions about causes, consequences and management about work violence against physicians, and had the same pessimistic perspectives but innovative wishes for the physician–patient relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jinghe Lang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Workplace violence by specialty among Peruvian medical residents. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207769. [PMID: 30496220 PMCID: PMC6264828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of workplace violence among Peruvian medical residents and to evaluate the association between medical specialty and workplace violence per type of aggressor. METHODS This was a cross-sectional secondary analysis that used data from the Peruvian Medical Residents National Survey 2016 (ENMERE-2016). The outcome of interest was workplace violence, including physical and verbal violence, which were categorized according to the perpetrator of violence (patients/relatives and worker-to-worker). Primary exposure was the medical specialty, categorized as clinical, surgical, and other specialties. To evaluate the associations of interest, we estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) using Poisson regression models with robust variances. RESULTS A total of 1054 Peruvian medical residents were evaluated. The mean age was 32.6 years and 42.3% were female. Overall 73.4% reported having suffered of workplace violence sometime during the residency, 34.4% reported violence from patients/relatives, and 61.1% reported worker-to-worker violence. Compared with clinical residents, surgical residents had a lower prevalence of violence from patients/relatives (PR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.59-0.87), but a higher prevalence of worker-to-worker violence (PR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01-1.23). CONCLUSION Nearly three quarters of medical residents reported having suffered workplace violence sometime during their residency. Compared with clinical residents, surgical residents had lower rates of violence from patients/relatives, but higher rates of worker-to-worker violence; while residents from non-clinical and non-surgical specialties had a lower prevalence of both types of violence.
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Factors in healthcare violence in care of pregnancy termination cases: A case study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206083. [PMID: 30427851 PMCID: PMC6235268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Workplace violence is a widely-reported phenomenon among healthcare providers and negatively affects quality of care and treatment. This study aims to understand the potential factors related to HCV through the experiences of women who have undergone a pregnancy termination due to fetal anomaly. Methods Qualitative interview was used to collect data in this case study. Forty-one pregnant women who decided to terminate their pregnancy due to fetal anomaly were recruited from four Chinese hospital facilities, including three general hospitals and one specialty hospital in Changsha, Hunan, China. In-depth interviews were conducted from May to September 2017. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. Results Several potential factors related to violence in healthcare facilities were identified, including preventive factors, which possibly relieve healthcare violence; and negative experiences, which potentially related to healthcare violence. Preventive factors include healthcare providers gaining patient trust with detailed observation, expressing patient-centered care through discreet behavior, and showing patience and professionalism. Factors related to violence include busy work schedules, hurried visits, mechanized process, patients’ scant medical knowledge and mental distress. Conclusions This study highlights potential factors related to healthcare violence. The results will be submitted to the Chinese government’s policy making department in order to improve the healthcare system. We also suggest several important strategies to prevent HCV in a healthcare setting, both in China and globally.
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Marchiori JGT, Saraiva FP, da Silva LCG, Garcia JB, Pina JCM. Evaluation of Job-Related Anxiety Symptoms Among Brazilian Social Security Medical Experts. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2018; 73:e428. [PMID: 30365824 PMCID: PMC6178863 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2018/e428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The function of a medical expert within the scope of the Brazilian social security system consists of medically evaluating the examinee to draw a conclusive opinion on the person's working ability capacity and to characterize the disability for social security and assistance purposes. Forensic decisions inevitably converge on two opposite outcomes: concession or refusal. Rejection is against the interests of the candidates, who can direct their disappointment and dissatisfaction at the professional, exposing the latter to potentially stressful situations. The present study aimed to determine whether the prevalence of stress and anxiety symptoms is higher among social security medical experts than among medical experts in other public service careers. The study was also intended to propose organizational changes aimed at the preservation and recovery of the mental health of medical experts. METHODS The evaluation was conducted using a specific, previously validated job-related stress questionnaire and a series of questions about subjective perceptions of work performance, labor stressors and emotional status. RESULTS We found an overwhelming and alarming prevalence of stress and dissatisfaction related to occupational aspects among social security experts, often culminating in emotional exhaustion, a characteristic feature of burnout syndrome. CONCLUSION There is a high prevalence of job-related stress among social security doctors in Brazil, warranting implementation of specific measures to ensure the adequate provision of social security services to the population, thus avoiding social injustice and financial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Guilherme Tavares Marchiori
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Medicina, Mestrado Profissional em Medicina, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Fabio P Saraiva
- Departamento de Medicina Especializada, Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, BR
| | - Liliane C G da Silva
- Departamento de Clinica Medica, Programa de Psiquiatria, Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, BR
| | - Jessica B Garcia
- Curso de Graduacao em Medicina, Escola Superior de Ciencias da Santa Casa de Vitoria, Vitoria, ES, BR
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Zhang Y, Jiang G, Sun Y, Zhao X, Yu X. Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Communication Skills Attitude Scale among medical students in Liaoning province, China: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020931. [PMID: 30206076 PMCID: PMC6144332 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to develop the Chinese version of the Communication Skills Attitude Scale (CSAS-Ch) in order to test the psychometric properties of the modified instrument. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted in September 2016 to evaluate the attitudes of Chinese medical students towards communication skills learning using CSAS at China Medical University. PARTICIPANTS The study recruited 510 fifth-year medical students by cluster sampling. METHODS Cronbach's α coefficients were calculated for the entire questionnaire and for the subscales to evaluate the internal consistency of the CSAS-Ch. In order to determine the structure underlying the CSAS, the scale was factor analysed using maximum likelihood extraction and the oblique rotation method. RESULTS Of the 510 medical students, 492 (96.5%) completed the questionnaire. Cronbach's α coefficient for the CSAS scale was 0.897. Exploratory factor analysis showed that the four-factor structure accounted for 59.8% of the variance and produced an acceptable fit to the data. CONCLUSIONS The modified CSAS-Ch can be used to evaluate attitudes towards communication skills. Further Future research for improving the teaching methods for communication skills should explore the relationship between medical students' attitudes and the demographic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Institute of International Health Professions Education and Research, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gurong Jiang
- Institute of International Health Professions Education and Research, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yihan Sun
- Institute of International Health Professions Education and Research, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaosong Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Job Satisfaction and Associated Factors among Medical Staff in Tertiary Public Hospitals: Results from a National Cross-Sectional Survey in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15071528. [PMID: 30029506 PMCID: PMC6068903 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Medical staff in China’s tertiary public hospitals are responsible for providing healthcare to a considerable number of patients, and their job satisfaction needs attention. The aim of this study is to investigate the job satisfaction of medical staff in tertiary public hospitals and to explore its associated factors. Based on a national survey conducted in 2016, this study included 43,645 physicians and nurses nested in 136 tertiary public hospitals in 31 provinces of China. Multi-level logistic regression was used to examine job satisfaction and its association with individual characteristics and job-related factors. Results showed that 48.22% respondents were satisfied with their job, and they were least satisfied with their compensation. Individual characteristics including occupation, gender, education background, alcohol drinking and self-reported health status, as well as job-related factors regarding professional title, work years, income, workload, doctor-patient relationship and practice setting were found to be significantly associated with job satisfaction. Given that some of these factors may be amenable to interventions, we suggest that government and hospital administrators could take some measures to promote continuing education, improve personal health, balance workload and compensation for medical staff, in order to improve the job satisfaction of medical staff in tertiary public hospitals.
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Chen X, Lv M, Wang M, Wang X, Liu J, Zheng N, Liu C. Incidence and risk factors of workplace violence against nurses in a Chinese top-level teaching hospital: A cross-sectional study. Appl Nurs Res 2018; 40:122-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hall BJ, Xiong P, Chang K, Yin M, Sui XR. Prevalence of medical workplace violence and the shortage of secondary and tertiary interventions among healthcare workers in China. J Epidemiol Community Health 2018; 72:516-518. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2016-208602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Medical workplace violence (MWV) is a key occupational hazard facing medical professionals worldwide. MWV involves incident where medical staff are abused, threatened and assaulted. MWV affects the health and well-being of medical staff exposed, causes significant erosion of patient–physician trust and leads to poorer health outcomes for patients. In China, the prevalence of MWV appears to be rising. Laws were enacted to keep medical staff safe, but clear surveillance and enforcement is needed to improve the condition. In the current essay, we conducted a systematic literature review to identify secondary and tertiary prevention programmes designed to ameliorate psychological suffering following MWV. This review identified only 10 published studies. A critical gap in the intervention literature exists with regard to addressing the public health burden of MWV.
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Kasai Y, Mizuno T, Sakakibara T, Thu S, Kyaw TA, Htun KA. A survey of workplace violence against physicians in the hospitals, Myanmar. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:133. [PMID: 29448952 PMCID: PMC5815188 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Workplace violence in hospitals is recently becoming a major global concern in many countries. However, in Myanmar, we have felt that patients and their families have rarely made unreasonable complaints in hospitals, and then, the purpose of this study is to report the current state of workplace violence in hospitals in Myanmar. Participants are 196 physicians (108 males and 88 females) in hospitals in Myanmar. Results A descriptive survey was conducted in regard to verbal abuse and physical violence from patients or the people concerned. At the results of this study, the percentages of physicians who have encountered verbal abuse and those who have encountered physical violence are markedly low (8.7 and 1.0%, respectively). The present study is the first to report the frequencies of verbal abuse and physical violence against physicians in a least developed country, and the results of the present study are important in terms of discussing workplace violence in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Kasai
- Department of Spinal Surgery and Medical Engineering, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie Prefecture, 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Tetsutaro Mizuno
- Department of Spinal Surgery and Medical Engineering, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie Prefecture, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Sakakibara
- Department of Spinal Surgery and Medical Engineering, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie Prefecture, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Si Thu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Medicine, Mandalay, 30th Street, Between 73rd & 74th Streets, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Thein Aung Kyaw
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Medicine, Yangon-1, No. 245, Myoma Kyaung Street, Lanmadaw Township, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Kyaw Aung Htun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, (1000) bedded Nay Pyi Taw General Hospital, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
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Sun T, Gao L, Li F, Shi Y, Xie F, Wang J, Wang S, Zhang S, Liu W, Duan X, Liu X, Zhang Z, Li L, Fan L. Workplace violence, psychological stress, sleep quality and subjective health in Chinese doctors: a large cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2017. [PMID: 29222134 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-01718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence (WPV) against healthcare workers is known as violence in healthcare settings and referring to the violent acts that are directed towards doctors, nurses or other healthcare staff at work or on duty. Moreover, WPV can cause a large number of adverse outcomes. However, there is not enough evidence to test the link between exposure to WPV against doctors, psychological stress, sleep quality and health status in China. OBJECTIVES This study had three objectives: (1) to identify the incidence rate of WPV against doctors under a new classification, (2) to examine the association between exposure to WPV, psychological stress, sleep quality and subjective health of Chinese doctors and (3) to verify the partial mediating role of psychological stress. DESIGN A cross-sectional online survey study. SETTING The survey was conducted among 1740 doctors in tertiary hospitals, 733 in secondary hospital and 139 in primary hospital across 30 provinces of China. PARTICIPANTS A total of 3016 participants were invited. Ultimately, 2617 doctors completed valid questionnaires. The effective response rate was 86.8%. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the prevalence rate of exposure to verbal abuse was the highest (76.2%), made difficulties (58.3%), smear reputation (40.8%), mobbing behaviour (40.2%), intimidation behaviour (27.6%), physical violence (24.1%) and sexual harassment (7.8%). Exposure to WPV significantly affected the psychological stress, sleep quality and self-reported health of doctors. Moreover, psychological stress partially mediated the relationship between work-related violence and health damage. CONCLUSION In China, most doctors have encountered various WPV from patients and their relatives. The prevalence of three new types of WPV have been investigated in our study, which have been rarely mentioned in past research. A safer work environment for Chinese healthcare workers needs to be provided to minimise health threats, which is a top priority for both government and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fujun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fengzhe Xie
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Out-Patient Office, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaojian Duan
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lihua Fan
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Sun T, Gao L, Li F, Shi Y, Xie F, Wang J, Wang S, Zhang S, Liu W, Duan X, Liu X, Zhang Z, Li L, Fan L. Workplace violence, psychological stress, sleep quality and subjective health in Chinese doctors: a large cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e017182. [PMID: 29222134 PMCID: PMC5728267 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence (WPV) against healthcare workers is known as violence in healthcare settings and referring to the violent acts that are directed towards doctors, nurses or other healthcare staff at work or on duty. Moreover, WPV can cause a large number of adverse outcomes. However, there is not enough evidence to test the link between exposure to WPV against doctors, psychological stress, sleep quality and health status in China. OBJECTIVES This study had three objectives: (1) to identify the incidence rate of WPV against doctors under a new classification, (2) to examine the association between exposure to WPV, psychological stress, sleep quality and subjective health of Chinese doctors and (3) to verify the partial mediating role of psychological stress. DESIGN A cross-sectional online survey study. SETTING The survey was conducted among 1740 doctors in tertiary hospitals, 733 in secondary hospital and 139 in primary hospital across 30 provinces of China. PARTICIPANTS A total of 3016 participants were invited. Ultimately, 2617 doctors completed valid questionnaires. The effective response rate was 86.8%. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the prevalence rate of exposure to verbal abuse was the highest (76.2%), made difficulties (58.3%), smear reputation (40.8%), mobbing behaviour (40.2%), intimidation behaviour (27.6%), physical violence (24.1%) and sexual harassment (7.8%). Exposure to WPV significantly affected the psychological stress, sleep quality and self-reported health of doctors. Moreover, psychological stress partially mediated the relationship between work-related violence and health damage. CONCLUSION In China, most doctors have encountered various WPV from patients and their relatives. The prevalence of three new types of WPV have been investigated in our study, which have been rarely mentioned in past research. A safer work environment for Chinese healthcare workers needs to be provided to minimise health threats, which is a top priority for both government and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fujun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fengzhe Xie
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Out-Patient Office, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaojian Duan
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lihua Fan
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Cheung T, Lee PH, Yip PSF. Workplace Violence toward Physicians and Nurses: Prevalence and Correlates in Macau. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14080879. [PMID: 28777333 PMCID: PMC5580583 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14080879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper sets out to estimate the prevalence of workplace violence in relation to socio-demographic characteristics of physicians and nurses working in healthcare settings in Macau. Background: Concerted efforts worldwide to reduce workplace violence (WPV) have not yet removed medical-related professionals from the threat of patients’, family members’, and colleagues’ physical and other assaults in Southeast Asia. Methods: The study employs a cross-sectional design to estimate the prevalence and examines the socio-economic and psychological correlates of WPV among medical doctors and nurses in Macau. The data collection period spanned from August to December 2014. Multiple logistic regression examines the prevalence rates of WPV and its associated factors in doctors and nurses. Results: A total of 107 doctors (14.9%) and 613 nurses (85.1%) participated in the study; 57.2% had suffered WPV in the preceding year. The most common forms of workplace violence were verbal abuse (53.4%), physical assault (16.1%), bullying/harassment (14.2%), sexual harassment (4.6%), and racial harassment (2.6%). Most violence was perpetrated by patients and their relatives, colleagues, and supervisors. Conclusions: WPV remains a significant concern in healthcare settings in Macau. Macau’s local health authority should consider putting in place a raft of zero-tolerance policies designed to prevent it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Paul H Lee
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Paul S F Yip
- Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Li Z, Yan CM, Shi L, Mu HT, Li X, Li AQ, Zhao CS, Sun T, Gao L, Fan LH, Mu Y. Workplace violence against medical staff of Chinese children's hospitals: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179373. [PMID: 28609441 PMCID: PMC5469493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In China, medical staff of children’s hospitals are commonly exposed to violence. However, few studies on medical violence are conducted in the settings of children’s hospitals. The aim of this study is to assess the incidence, magnitude, consequences, and potential risk factors of workplace violence (WPV) against medical staff of children’s hospitals. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional design was used. A self-administered questionnaire was utilized to collect data on 12 children’s hospitals. The questionnaires were distributed to a stratified proportional random sample of 2,400 medical staff; 1,932 valid questionnaires were collected. A chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were conducted. Results A total of 68.6% of respondents had experienced at least one WPV incident involving non-physical and/or physical violence in the past year. The perpetrators were mainly family members of patients (94.9%). Most of the WPV occurred during the day shift (70.7%) and in wards (41.8%). Males were 1.979 times (95% CI, 1.378 to 2.841) more likely than females to experience physical violence. Emergency departments were more exposed to physical violence than other departments. Oncology was 2.733 times (95% CI, 1.126 to 6.633) more exposed to non-physical violence than the emergency department. As a result of WPV, victims felt aggrieved and angry, work enthusiasm declined, and work efficiency was reduced. However, only 5.6% of the victims received psychological counseling. Conclusion Medical staff are at high risk of violence in China’s children’s hospitals. Hospital administrators and related departments should pay attention to the consequences of these incidents. There is a need for preventive measures to protect medical staff and provide a safer workplace environment. Our results can provide reference information for intervention strategies and safety measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-mei Yan
- Department of Customer Service, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui-tong Mu
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - An-qi Li
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng-song Zhao
- Hospital Administration Office, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-hua Fan
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (LF); (YM)
| | - Yi Mu
- Hospital Administration Office, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (LF); (YM)
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