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Wang X, Ye G, Wang Z, Wang Z, Gong L, Wang J, Liu J. Dietary Oat β-Glucan Alleviates High-Fat Induced Insulin Resistance through Regulating Circadian Clock and Gut Microbiome. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300917. [PMID: 38778506 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE High-fat diet induced circadian rhythm disorders (CRD) are associated with metabolic diseases. As the main functional bioactive component in oat, β-glucan (GLU) can improve metabolic disorders, however its regulatory effect on CRD remains unclear. In this research, the effects of GLU on high-fat diet induced insulin resistance and its mechanisms are investigated, especially focusing on circadian rhythm-related process. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6 mice are fed a low fat diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD supplemented 3% GLU for 13 weeks. The results show that GLU treatment alleviates HFD-induced insulin resistance and intestinal barrier dysfunction in obese mice. The rhythmic expressions of circadian clock genes (Bmal1, Clock, and Cry1) in the colon impaired by HFD diet are also restored by GLU. Further analysis shows that GLU treatment restores the oscillatory nature of gut microbiome, which can enhance glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) secretion via short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) mediated activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Meanwhile, GLU consumption significantly relieves colonic inflammation and insulin resistance through modulating HDAC3/NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSION GLU can ameliorate insulin resistance due to its regulation of colonic circadian clock and gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Gaoqi Ye
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zongwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100048, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Grain Industry (Comprehensive Utilization of Edible by-products), Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Lingxiao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100048, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Grain Industry (Comprehensive Utilization of Edible by-products), Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100048, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Grain Industry (Comprehensive Utilization of Edible by-products), Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100048, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Grain Industry (Comprehensive Utilization of Edible by-products), Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
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2
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Oravec MW, Greenham K. The adaptive nature of the plant circadian clock in natural environments. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:968-980. [PMID: 35894658 PMCID: PMC9516730 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The plant circadian clock coordinates developmental, physiological, and metabolic processes with diel changes in light and temperature throughout the year. The balance between the persistence and plasticity of the clock in response to predictable and unpredictable environmental changes may be key to the clock's adaptive nature across temporal and spatial scales. Studies under controlled conditions have uncovered critical signaling pathways involved in light and temperature perception by the clock; however, they don't account for the natural lag of temperature behind photoperiod. Studies in natural environments provide key insights into the clock's adaptive advantage under more complex natural settings. Here, we discuss the role of the circadian clock in light and temperature perception and signaling, how the clock integrates these signals for a coordinated and adaptive response, and the adaptive advantage conferred by the clock across time and space in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline W Oravec
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
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3
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Balogh E, Kalapos B, Ahres M, Boldizsár Á, Gierczik K, Gulyás Z, Gyugos M, Szalai G, Novák A, Kocsy G. Far-Red Light Coordinates the Diurnal Changes in the Transcripts Related to Nitrate Reduction, Glutathione Metabolism and Antioxidant Enzymes in Barley. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137479. [PMID: 35806480 PMCID: PMC9267158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spectral quality, intensity and period of light modify many regulatory and stress signaling pathways in plants. Both nitrate and sulfate assimilations must be synchronized with photosynthesis, which ensures energy and reductants for these pathways. However, photosynthesis is also a source of reactive oxygen species, whose levels are controlled by glutathione and other antioxidants. In this study, we investigated the effect of supplemental far-red (735 nm) and blue (450 nm) lights on the diurnal expression of the genes related to photoreceptors, the circadian clock, nitrate reduction, glutathione metabolism and various antioxidants in barley. The maximum expression of the investigated four photoreceptor and three clock-associated genes during the light period was followed by the peaking of the transcripts of the three redox-responsive transcription factors during the dark phase, while most of the nitrate and sulfate reduction, glutathione metabolism and antioxidant-enzyme-related genes exhibited high expression during light exposure in plants grown in light/dark cycles for two days. These oscillations changed or disappeared in constant white light during the subsequent two days. Supplemental far-red light induced the activation of most of the studied genes, while supplemental blue light did not affect or inhibited them during light/dark cycles. However, in constant light, several genes exhibited greater expression in blue light than in white and far-red lights. Based on a correlation analysis of the gene expression data, we propose a major role of far-red light in the coordinated transcriptional adjustment of nitrate reduction, glutathione metabolism and antioxidant enzymes to changes of the light spectrum.
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4
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Chang T, Zhao Y, He H, Xi Q, Fu J, Zhao Y. Exogenous melatonin improves growth in hulless barley seedlings under cold stress by influencing the expression rhythms of circadian clock genes. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10740. [PMID: 33552735 PMCID: PMC7831369 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melatonin is a hormone substance that exists in various living organisms. Since it was discovered in the pineal gland of cattle in 1956, the function of melatonin in animals has been roughly clarified. Nevertheless, in plants, the research on melatonin is still insufficient. Hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum hook. f.) is a crop that originates from cultivated barley in the east, usually grown on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, becoming the most important food crop in this area. Although the genome and transcriptome research of highland barley has gradually increased recently years, there are still many problems about how hulless barley adapts to the cold climate of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Methods In this study, we set three temperature conditions 25°C, 15°C, 5°C hulless barley seedlings, and at the same time soaked the hulless barley seeds with a 1 µM melatonin solution for 12 hours before the hulless barley seeds germinated. Afterwards, the growth and physiological indicators of hulless barley seedlings under different treatment conditions were determined. Meanwhile, the qRT-PCR method was used to determine the transcription level of the hulless barley circadian clock genes under different treatment conditions under continuous light conditions. Results The results showed the possible mechanism by which melatonin pretreatment can promote the growth of hulless barley under cold stress conditions by studying the effect of melatonin on the rhythm of the circadian clock system and some physiological indicators. The results revealed that the application of 1 µM melatonin could alleviate the growth inhibition of hulless barley seedlings caused by cold stress. In addition, exogenous melatonin could also restore the circadian rhythmic oscillation of circadian clock genes, such as HvCCA1 and HvTOC1, whose circadian rhythmic phenotypes were lost due to environmental cold stress. Additionally, the results confirmed that exogenous melatonin even reduced the accumulation of key physiological indicators under cold stress, including malondialdehyde and soluble sugars. Discussion Overall, these findings revealed an important mechanism that exogenous melatonin alleviated the inhibition of plant vegetative growths either by restoring the disrupted circadian rhythmic expression oscillations of clock genes, or by regulating the accumulation profiles of pivotal physiological indicators under cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianliang Chang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.,Life Sciences School of Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in western China (Ministry of Education), Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.,Life Sciences School of Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in western China (Ministry of Education), Xi'an, China
| | - Hongyan He
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.,Life Sciences School of Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in western China (Ministry of Education), Xi'an, China
| | - Qianqian Xi
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.,Life Sciences School of Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in western China (Ministry of Education), Xi'an, China
| | - Jiayi Fu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.,Life Sciences School of Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in western China (Ministry of Education), Xi'an, China
| | - Yuwei Zhao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.,Life Sciences School of Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in western China (Ministry of Education), Xi'an, China
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Trevaskis B. Developmental Pathways Are Blueprints for Designing Successful Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:745. [PMID: 29922318 PMCID: PMC5996307 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Genes controlling plant development have been studied in multiple plant systems. This has provided deep insights into conserved genetic pathways controlling core developmental processes including meristem identity, phase transitions, determinacy, stem elongation, and branching. These pathways control plant growth patterns and are fundamentally important to crop biology and agriculture. This review describes the conserved pathways that control plant development, using Arabidopsis as a model. Historical examples of how plant development has been altered through selection to improve crop performance are then presented. These examples, drawn from diverse crops, show how the genetic pathways controlling development have been modified to increase yield or tailor growth patterns to suit local growing environments or specialized crop management practices. Strategies to apply current progress in genomics and developmental biology to future crop improvement are then discussed within the broader context of emerging trends in plant breeding. The ways that knowledge of developmental processes and understanding of gene function can contribute to crop improvement, beyond what can be achieved by selection alone, are emphasized. These include using genome re-sequencing, mutagenesis, and gene editing to identify or generate novel variation in developmental genes. The expanding scope for comparative genomics, the possibility to engineer new developmental traits and new approaches to resolve gene-gene or gene-environment interactions are also discussed. Finally, opportunities to integrate fundamental research and crop breeding are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Trevaskis
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Black Mountain Science and Innovation Park, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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6
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Ford BA, Foo E, Sharwood R, Karafiatova M, Vrána J, MacMillan C, Nichols DS, Steuernagel B, Uauy C, Doležel J, Chandler PM, Spielmeyer W. Rht18 Semidwarfism in Wheat Is Due to Increased GA 2-oxidaseA9 Expression and Reduced GA Content. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:168-180. [PMID: 29545269 PMCID: PMC5933146 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Semidwarfing genes have improved crop yield by reducing height, improving lodging resistance, and allowing plants to allocate more assimilates to grain growth. In wheat (Triticum aestivum), the Rht18 semidwarfing gene was identified and deployed in durum wheat before it was transferred into bread wheat, where it was shown to have agronomic potential. Rht18, a dominant and gibberellin (GA) responsive mutant, is genetically and functionally distinct from the widely used GA-insensitive semidwarfing genes Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b In this study, the Rht18 gene was identified by mutagenizing the semidwarf durum cultivar Icaro (Rht18) and generating mutants with a range of tall phenotypes. Isolating and sequencing chromosome 6A of these "overgrowth" mutants showed that they contained independent mutations in the coding region of GA2oxA9GA2oxA9 is predicted to encode a GA 2-oxidase that metabolizes GA biosynthetic intermediates into inactive products, effectively reducing the amount of bioactive GA (GA1). Functional analysis of the GA2oxA9 protein demonstrated that GA2oxA9 converts the intermediate GA12 to the inactive metabolite GA110 Furthermore, Rht18 showed higher expression of GA2oxA9 and lower GA content compared with its tall parent. These data indicate that the increased expression of GA2oxA9 in Rht18 results in a reduction of both bioactive GA content and plant height. This study describes a height-reducing mechanism that can generate new genetic diversity for semidwarfism in wheat by combining increased expression with mutations of specific amino acid residues in GA2oxA9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Ford
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Eloise Foo
- The School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Robert Sharwood
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Miroslava Karafiatova
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vrána
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - David S Nichols
- Central Science Laboratories, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | | | | | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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7
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Watson A, Ghosh S, Williams MJ, Cuddy WS, Simmonds J, Rey MD, Asyraf Md Hatta M, Hinchliffe A, Steed A, Reynolds D, Adamski NM, Breakspear A, Korolev A, Rayner T, Dixon LE, Riaz A, Martin W, Ryan M, Edwards D, Batley J, Raman H, Carter J, Rogers C, Domoney C, Moore G, Harwood W, Nicholson P, Dieters MJ, DeLacy IH, Zhou J, Uauy C, Boden SA, Park RF, Wulff BBH, Hickey LT. Speed breeding is a powerful tool to accelerate crop research and breeding. NATURE PLANTS 2018; 4:23-29. [PMID: 29292376 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-017-0083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The growing human population and a changing environment have raised significant concern for global food security, with the current improvement rate of several important crops inadequate to meet future demand 1 . This slow improvement rate is attributed partly to the long generation times of crop plants. Here, we present a method called 'speed breeding', which greatly shortens generation time and accelerates breeding and research programmes. Speed breeding can be used to achieve up to 6 generations per year for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum), durum wheat (T. durum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and pea (Pisum sativum), and 4 generations for canola (Brassica napus), instead of 2-3 under normal glasshouse conditions. We demonstrate that speed breeding in fully enclosed, controlled-environment growth chambers can accelerate plant development for research purposes, including phenotyping of adult plant traits, mutant studies and transformation. The use of supplemental lighting in a glasshouse environment allows rapid generation cycling through single seed descent (SSD) and potential for adaptation to larger-scale crop improvement programs. Cost saving through light-emitting diode (LED) supplemental lighting is also outlined. We envisage great potential for integrating speed breeding with other modern crop breeding technologies, including high-throughput genotyping, genome editing and genomic selection, accelerating the rate of crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Watson
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sreya Ghosh
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Matthew J Williams
- Plant Breeding Institute, University of Sydney, Cobbitty, New South Wales, Australia
| | - William S Cuddy
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - M Asyraf Md Hatta
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Andrew Steed
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Tracey Rayner
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Laura E Dixon
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Adnan Riaz
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - William Martin
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, Queensland, Australia
| | - Merrill Ryan
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Harsh Raman
- Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeremy Carter
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | - Graham Moore
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Wendy Harwood
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Mark J Dieters
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian H DeLacy
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ji Zhou
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Scott A Boden
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Robert F Park
- Plant Breeding Institute, University of Sydney, Cobbitty, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Lee T Hickey
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
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8
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Gierczik K, Novák A, Ahres M, Székely A, Soltész A, Boldizsár Á, Gulyás Z, Kalapos B, Monostori I, Kozma-Bognár L, Galiba G, Vágújfalvi A. Circadian and Light Regulated Expression of CBFs and their Upstream Signalling Genes in Barley. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1828. [PMID: 28829375 PMCID: PMC5578212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CBF (C-repeat binding factor) transcription factors show high expression levels in response to cold; moreover, they play a key regulatory role in cold acclimation processes. Recently, however, more and more information has led to the conclusion that, apart from cold, light-including its spectra-also has a crucial role in regulating CBF expression. Earlier, studies established that the expression patterns of some of these regulatory genes follow circadian rhythms. To understand more of this complex acclimation process, we studied the expression patterns of the signal transducing pathways, including signal perception, the circadian clock and phospholipid signalling pathways, upstream of the CBF gene regulatory hub. To exclude the confounding effect of cold, experiments were carried out at 22 °C. Our results show that the expression of genes implicated in the phospholipid signalling pathway follow a circadian rhythm. We demonstrated that, from among the tested CBF genes expressed in Hordeumvulgare (Hv) under our conditions, only the members of the HvCBF4-phylogenetic subgroup showed a circadian pattern. We found that the HvCBF4-subgroup genes were expressed late in the afternoon or early in the night. We also determined the expression changes under supplemental far-red illumination and established that the transcript accumulation had appeared four hours earlier and more intensely in several cases. Based on our results, we propose a model to illustrate the effect of the circadian clock and the quality of the light on the elements of signalling pathways upstream of the HvCBFs, thus integrating the complex regulation of the early cellular responses, which finally lead to an elevated abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztián Gierczik
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary.
- Festetics Doctoral School, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary.
| | - Aliz Novák
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary.
- Festetics Doctoral School, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary.
| | - Mohamed Ahres
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary.
- Festetics Doctoral School, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary.
| | - András Székely
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary.
| | - Alexandra Soltész
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary.
| | - Ákos Boldizsár
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Gulyás
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Kalapos
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary.
| | - István Monostori
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary.
| | - László Kozma-Bognár
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Galiba
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary.
- Festetics Doctoral School, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary.
| | - Attila Vágújfalvi
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary.
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9
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Pearce S, Shaw LM, Lin H, Cotter JD, Li C, Dubcovsky J. Night-Break Experiments Shed Light on the Photoperiod1-Mediated Flowering. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:1139-1150. [PMID: 28408541 PMCID: PMC5462047 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants utilize variation in day length (photoperiod) to anticipate seasonal changes. They respond by modulating their growth and development to maximize seed production, which in cereal crops is directly related to yield. In wheat (Triticum aestivum), the acceleration of flowering under long days (LD) is dependent on the light induction of PHOTOPERIOD1 (PPD1) by phytochromes. Under LD, PPD1 activates FLOWERING LOCUS T1 (FT1), a mobile signaling protein that travels from the leaves to the shoot apical meristem to promote flowering. Here, we show that the interruption of long nights by short pulses of light ("night-break" [NB]) accelerates wheat flowering, suggesting that the duration of the night is critical for wheat photoperiodic response. PPD1 transcription was rapidly upregulated by NBs, and the magnitude of this induction increased with the length of darkness preceding the NB Cycloheximide abolished the NB up-regulation of PPD1, suggesting that this process is dependent on active protein synthesis during darkness. While one NB was sufficient to induce PPD1, more than 15 NBs were required to induce high levels of FT1 expression and a strong acceleration of flowering. Multiple NBs did not affect the expression of core circadian clock genes. The acceleration of flowering by NB disappeared in ppd1-null mutants, demonstrating that this response is mediated by PPD1 The acceleration of flowering was strongest when NBs were applied in the middle of the night, suggesting that in addition to PPD1, other circadian-controlled factors are required for the up-regulation of FT1 expression and the acceleration of flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Pearce
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (S.P., L.M.S., H.L., C.L., J.D.);
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815 (C.L., J.D.); and
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Palo Alto, California 94304 (J.D.)
| | - Lindsay M Shaw
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (S.P., L.M.S., H.L., C.L., J.D.)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815 (C.L., J.D.); and
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Palo Alto, California 94304 (J.D.)
| | - Huiqiong Lin
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (S.P., L.M.S., H.L., C.L., J.D.)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815 (C.L., J.D.); and
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Palo Alto, California 94304 (J.D.)
| | - Jennifer D Cotter
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (S.P., L.M.S., H.L., C.L., J.D.)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815 (C.L., J.D.); and
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Palo Alto, California 94304 (J.D.)
| | - Chengxia Li
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (S.P., L.M.S., H.L., C.L., J.D.)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815 (C.L., J.D.); and
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Palo Alto, California 94304 (J.D.)
| | - Jorge Dubcovsky
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (S.P., L.M.S., H.L., C.L., J.D.)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815 (C.L., J.D.); and
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Palo Alto, California 94304 (J.D.)
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10
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Cantalapiedra CP, García-Pereira MJ, Gracia MP, Igartua E, Casas AM, Contreras-Moreira B. Large Differences in Gene Expression Responses to Drought and Heat Stress between Elite Barley Cultivar Scarlett and a Spanish Landrace. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:647. [PMID: 28507554 PMCID: PMC5410667 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Drought causes important losses in crop production every season. Improvement for drought tolerance could take advantage of the diversity held in germplasm collections, much of which has not been incorporated yet into modern breeding. Spanish landraces constitute a promising resource for barley breeding, as they were widely grown until last century and still show good yielding ability under stress. Here, we study the transcriptome expression landscape in two genotypes, an outstanding Spanish landrace-derived inbred line (SBCC073) and a modern cultivar (Scarlett). Gene expression of adult plants after prolonged stresses, either drought or drought combined with heat, was monitored. Transcriptome of mature leaves presented little changes under severe drought, whereas abundant gene expression changes were observed under combined mild drought and heat. Developing inflorescences of SBCC073 exhibited mostly unaltered gene expression, whereas numerous changes were found in the same tissues for Scarlett. Genotypic differences in physiological traits and gene expression patterns confirmed the different behavior of landrace SBCC073 and cultivar Scarlett under abiotic stress, suggesting that they responded to stress following different strategies. A comparison with related studies in barley, addressing gene expression responses to drought, revealed common biological processes, but moderate agreement regarding individual differentially expressed transcripts. Special emphasis was put in the search of co-expressed genes and underlying common regulatory motifs. Overall, 11 transcription factors were identified, and one of them matched cis-regulatory motifs discovered upstream of co-expressed genes involved in those responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P. Cantalapiedra
- Department of Genetics and Plant Production, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei (CSIC)Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María J. García-Pereira
- Department of Genetics and Plant Production, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei (CSIC)Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María P. Gracia
- Department of Genetics and Plant Production, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei (CSIC)Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ernesto Igartua
- Department of Genetics and Plant Production, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei (CSIC)Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana M. Casas
- Department of Genetics and Plant Production, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei (CSIC)Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Bruno Contreras-Moreira
- Department of Genetics and Plant Production, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei (CSIC)Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación ARAIDZaragoza, Spain
- *Correspondence: Bruno Contreras-Moreira
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11
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Flis A, Sulpice R, Seaton DD, Ivakov AA, Liput M, Abel C, Millar AJ, Stitt M. Photoperiod-dependent changes in the phase of core clock transcripts and global transcriptional outputs at dawn and dusk in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:1955-81. [PMID: 27075884 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants use the circadian clock to sense photoperiod length. Seasonal responses like flowering are triggered at a critical photoperiod when a light-sensitive clock output coincides with light or darkness. However, many metabolic processes, like starch turnover, and growth respond progressively to photoperiod duration. We first tested the photoperiod response of 10 core clock genes and two output genes. qRT-PCR analyses of transcript abundance under 6, 8, 12 and 18 h photoperiods revealed 1-4 h earlier peak times under short photoperiods and detailed changes like rising PRR7 expression before dawn. Clock models recapitulated most of these changes. We explored the consequences for global gene expression by performing transcript profiling in 4, 6, 8, 12 and 18 h photoperiods. There were major changes in transcript abundance at dawn, which were as large as those between dawn and dusk in a given photoperiod. Contributing factors included altered timing of the clock relative to dawn, light signalling and changes in carbon availability at night as a result of clock-dependent regulation of starch degradation. Their interaction facilitates coordinated transcriptional regulation of key processes like starch turnover, anthocyanin, flavonoid and glucosinolate biosynthesis and protein synthesis and underpins the response of metabolism and growth to photoperiod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Flis
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Golm, Potsdam, Germany
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, GPO Box 475, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Ronan Sulpice
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Golm, Potsdam, Germany
- Plant Systems Biology Lab, Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre, Botany and Plant Science, NUIG, Galway, Ireland
| | - Daniel D Seaton
- SynthSys and School of Biological Sciences, C.H. Waddington Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Alexander A Ivakov
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Golm, Potsdam, Germany
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, GPO Box 475, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Magda Liput
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christin Abel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andrew J Millar
- SynthSys and School of Biological Sciences, C.H. Waddington Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Golm, Potsdam, Germany
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Deng W, Clausen J, Boden S, Oliver SN, Casao MC, Ford B, Anderssen RS, Trevaskis B. Correction: Dawn and Dusk Set States of the Circadian Oscillator in Sprouting Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Seedlings. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138255. [PMID: 26359863 PMCID: PMC4567336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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