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Khan SY, Schroth RJ, Cruz de Jesus V, Lee VHK, Rothney J, Dong CS, Javed F, Yerex K, Bertone M, El Azrak M, Menon A. A systematic review of caries risk in children <6 years of age. Int J Paediatr Dent 2024; 34:410-431. [PMID: 38071403 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For caries risk assessment (CRA) tools for young children to be evidence-based, it is important to systematically review the literature to identify factors associated with the onset of early childhood caries (ECC). AIM This updated systematic review aimed to identify current evidence on caries risk in young children. DESIGN A comprehensive and systematic literature search of relevant databases was conducted to update a previous systematic review and identify risk factors associated with ECC. Potential risk factors were identified based on strength of association using odds ratios, hazard ratios, relative risk, etc. GRADE was used for rating quality evidence through consensus. RESULTS Twenty-two studies met inclusion criteria for the search from mid-2017 to 2021. Twenty-five publications from the prior systematic review, from 1997 to mid-2017, were also included. Several socioeconomic, behavioral, and clinical variables were identified as ECC risk factors. Factors included the following: age, socioeconomic status, frequency of and supervised toothbrushing, fluoride exposure, breast- and bottle-feeding, feeding habits, absence of a dental home, past caries experience, active non-cavitated lesions, visible plaque, enamel defects, and microbiome. CONCLUSION This study provides updated evidence of risk factors for ECC that could be included in CRA tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Yunus Khan
- Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Robert J Schroth
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Shared Health Inc., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Vivianne Cruz de Jesus
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Victor H K Lee
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Janet Rothney
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Cecilia S Dong
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Faraha Javed
- Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Katherine Yerex
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mary Bertone
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mohamed El Azrak
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Anil Menon
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Salami A, El Karim I, Lundy F, Loney T, Donaldson M, O'Neill C. An exploratory study of maternal diabetes and offspring use of dental services-Northern Ireland national cohort study. BDJ Open 2023; 9:14. [PMID: 37037830 PMCID: PMC10085974 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-023-00140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A small number of literature has posited a link between prenatal exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus and an increased risk of developmental defects in the enamel of offspring. However, the evidence remains inconclusive. AIMS This study examined the relationship between the diabetes status of mothers and the use of dental services by offspring to that pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Anonymised data from a cohort of mothers who carried a child to term in Northern Ireland between 2012 and 2017 and service use by the child were taken from administrative databases from March 2015 to September 2021. Descriptive statistics, differences in means and regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between service use and maternal diabetes status, controlling for covariates. RESULTS In multivariate analyses that controlled inter alia for age and deprivation, diabetes status was negatively related to restoration, extraction, prevention, and total service use. In the analysis of the COVID period, pre-COVID prevention was negatively related to extractions, restorations, prevention and services in general. CONCLUSION The relationship between maternal diabetic status and aspects of offspring use of dental services was contrary to that suggested in previous studies and warrants more detailed investigation using this valuable data resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Salami
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Ikhlas El Karim
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Fionnuala Lundy
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Tom Loney
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Michael Donaldson
- Department of Health, Strategic Planning and Performance Group, London, UK
| | - Ciaran O'Neill
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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3
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Cui Y, Chen D, Lin H, Tao Y. The association between low birth weight and/or preterm birth and dental caries -A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Dent Hyg 2022. [PMID: 36524312 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on the association between adverse birth outcomes and dental caries in children have shown conflicting results, so the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the association between adverse birth outcomes and dental caries in children. METHODS We systematically searched articles in four electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase) published prior to August 2021. The odds ratio (OR) (or converted OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were processed. The certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE's risk bias assessment tool. Random effects model was used for this meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of thirty-one observational studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled estimates indicated that children exposed to low birth weight (LBW)/preterm birth (PTB) did not experience higher dental caries in primary teeth. Subgroup analyses showed that children with LBW (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.03-1.63) were prone to have dental caries in primary teeth for cross-sectional studies, but no significant differences for prospective studies. PTB children experienced more primary caries in high-income countries (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.00-1.70) than in low- and middle-income countries. CONCLUSIONS The current evidence did not suggest a significant association between LBW and dental caries in children for primary teeth. Children with PTB in high-income countries had a higher prevalence of primary dental caries. Further prospective studies should adjust for confounding factors (age, oral health and family finances) to determine the definitive association between LBW/PTB and dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Cui
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongru Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huancai Lin
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Tao
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Aguilar-Gálvez D, Maguiña-Mercedes JC. [The dentobiome and the minimum intervention in dentistry]. REVISTA CIENTÍFICA ODONTOLÓGICA 2022; 10:e124. [PMID: 38389552 PMCID: PMC10880718 DOI: 10.21142/2523-2754-1003-2022-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
All of us who observe the chilling figures of children with dental caries on a daily basis and more recently the more frequent presence of enamel alterations and among them incisor molar hypomineralization, we begin to think what really happens with that tissue considered the strongest. of the human body; however, it bows down to an acid attack resulting from bacterial metabolism. And the question arises: Could it be that the tooth is already born with a predisposition to develop certain microorganisms? This comprehensive review of the literature, summarizing the authors' perspectives; aims to explore the knowledge about the biome and apply it to the dental organ and make available the definition of dentobiome, as an appropriate term for dental flora. Starting from this knowledge, apply it to better understand today the execution of the philosophy of minimal intervention and the development of materials that must be biocompatible with the dental structure but must also prevent dysbiosis and establish homeostasis in the tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisse Aguilar-Gálvez
- División de Odontopediatría, Carrera de Estomatología de la Universidad Científica del Sur. Lima, Perú. Universidad Científica del Sur División de Odontopediatría Carrera de Estomatología Universidad Científica del Sur Lima Peru
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5
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Gestational age, birth weight, and perinatal complications in mothers with diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance: Japan Environment and Children's Study cohort. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269610. [PMID: 35666987 PMCID: PMC9170270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine the risk of perinatal complications during delivery in mothers with non-normal glucose tolerance in a large Japanese birth cohort. We analysed data of 24,295 neonate–mother pairs in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study cohort between 2011 and 2014. We included 67 mothers with type 1 diabetes, 102 with type 2 diabetes (determined by questionnaire), 2,045 with gestational diabetes (determined by diagnosis), and 2,949 with plasma glucose levels ≥140 mg/dL (shown by a screening test for gestational diabetes). Gestational age, birth weight, placental weight, and proportions of preterm birth, and labour and neonatal complications at delivery in mothers with diabetes were compared with those in mothers with normal glucose tolerance. Mean gestational age was shorter in mothers with any type of diabetes than in mothers without diabetes. Birth weight tended to be heavier in mothers with type 1 diabetes, and placental weight was significantly heavier in mothers with type 1 and gestational diabetes and elevated plasma glucose levels (all p<0.05). The relative risks of any labour complication and any neonatal complication were 1.49 and 2.28 in type 2 diabetes, 1.59 and 1.95 in gestational diabetes, and 1.22 and 1.30 in a positive screening test result (all p<0.05). The relative risks of preterm birth, gestational hypertension, and neonatal jaundice were significantly higher in mothers with types 1 (2.77; 4.07; 2.04) and 2 diabetes (2.65; 5.84; 1.99) and a positive screening test result (1.29; 1.63; 1.12) than in those without diabetes (all p<0.05). In conclusion, placental weight is heavier in mothers with non-normal glucose tolerance. Preterm birth, gestational hypertension, and jaundice are more frequent in mothers with types 1 and 2 diabetes. A positive result in a screening test for gestational diabetes suggests not only a non-normal glucose tolerance, but also a medium (middle-level) risk of perinatal complications.
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6
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Schroth RJ, Rothney J, Sturym M, Dabiri D, Dabiri D, Dong CC, Grant CG, Kennedy T, Sihra R. A systematic review to inform the development of a Canadian caries risk assessment tool for use by primary healthcare providers. Int J Paediatr Dent 2021; 31:767-791. [PMID: 33497015 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caries risk assessment (CRA) tools may assist in identifying children at risk of early childhood caries. AIM To complete a systematic review of CRA and develop a Canadian CRA tool for preschool children for use in non-dental clinical settings. DESIGN Systematic searches of relevant databases were conducted. Potential variables were based on strength of associations (odd ratios, relative risk, hazard ratios, etc), frequency of occurrence, and existing CRA tools. Quality of the evidence assessments were performed by at least two review teams through consensus following GRADE. RESULTS Overall, 25 publications met the inclusion criteria, all prospective in design. Based on this review, variables to be considered when developing a new CRA tool for use with preschool children are as follows: age, socioeconomic status, family toothbrushing habits, fluoride exposure, infant feeding practices, dietary habits/behaviours, dental home, caries experience, visible plaque, and enamel defects. The environmental scan identified 22 CRA tools suggesting other additional variables to consider including in a CRA tool, including special healthcare needs, enamel defects, and dental attendance. CONCLUSIONS This review informed the development of a Canadian CRA tool for use by primary healthcare professionals, which may improve access to oral health assessments and increase interprofessional collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Schroth
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Janet Rothney
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Melina Sturym
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Darya Dabiri
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Donya Dabiri
- University of Toledo Medical Center, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Cecilia C Dong
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Cameron G Grant
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Tara Kennedy
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Rena Sihra
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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7
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Scifres CM. Short- and Long-Term Outcomes Associated with Large for Gestational Age Birth Weight. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2021; 48:325-337. [PMID: 33972069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Large for gestational age birth weight is associated with adverse short- and long-term outcomes. Infants born with large for gestational age birth weight are at increased risk for neonatal intensive care unit admission, respiratory distress, neonatal metabolic abnormalities including hypoglycemia, birth trauma, and even stillbirth or neonatal death. The risk for many of these complications increases with higher birth weights. Individuals with large for gestational age birth weight also appear to be at subsequent increased risk for overweight/obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and even some childhood cancers. These data highlight the need for effective interventions to decrease risk across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Scifres
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 550 N. University Boulevard, UH 2440, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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8
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Harvey L, van Elburg R, van der Beek EM. Macrosomia and large for gestational age in Asia: One size does not fit all. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:1929-1945. [PMID: 34111907 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Macrosomia, usually defined as infant birth weight of ≥4000 g, does not consider gestational age, sex, or country/region-specific differences in mean birth weight and maternal body weight. This issue is particularly relevant for Asia, where 60% of the world's population lives, due to variations in maternal size and birth weights across populations. Large for gestational age (LGA), defined as birth weight > 90th centile, is a more sensitive measure as it considers gestational age and sex, though it is dependent on the choice of growth charts. We aimed to review reporting of macrosomia and LGA in Asia. We reviewed the literature on prevalence and risk of macrosomia and LGA in Asia over the last 29 years. Prevalence of macrosomia ranged from 0.5% (India) to 13.9% (China) while prevalence of LGA ranged from 4.3% (Korea) to 22.1% (China), indicating substantial variation in prevalence within and between Asian countries. High pre-pregnancy body mass index, excessive gestational weight gain, and impaired glucose tolerance conferred risk of macrosomia/LGA. Incidence of macrosomia and LGA varies substantially within and between Asian countries, as do the growth charts and definitions. The latter makes it impossible to make comparisons but suggests differences in intrauterine growth between populations. Reporting LGA, using standardized country/regional growth charts, would better capture the incidence of high birth weight and allow for comparison and identification of contributing factors. Better understanding of local drivers of excessive intrauterine growth could enable development of improved strategies for prevention and management of LGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Harvey
- Nutricia Research, Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruurd van Elburg
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eline M van der Beek
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Korolenkova MV, Khachatryan AG, Ivanova ES. [Child's weight as a risk factor for early childhood caries]. STOMATOLOGIIA 2021; 100:70-74. [PMID: 34953192 DOI: 10.17116/stomat202110006170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
THE AIM OF THE STUDY Was to reveal possible correlation between child's birth weight, BMI at examination, dental caries prevalence and intensity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study comprised 220 healthy children aged 3-6 born mature and attending nursery schools in Khimky city (Moscow region, Russia). Data on birth weight were extracted from a healthcare reports database, current height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated and interpreted according to WHO criteria. Calibrated pediatric dentists performed oral examination registering the dmft index. RESULTS Children suffering from dental caries at the age of 3-6, have lower birth weight and struggle to put it on later in life. This results in higher proportion of children with underweight. Among children with caries 69.2% had BMI lower than 15th percentile, and 28.3% had very low IMT (lower than 5th percentile) vs 5.6% in the group without caries (p<0.05). The mechanisms and the direction of this correlation are unclear. CONCLUSION There is a necessity for further investigations on the role of various factors associated with body weight and alimentary status in the development of the early childhood caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Korolenkova
- Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Regional Research Institute named after M.F. Vladimirskiy, Moscow, Russia
| | - A G Khachatryan
- Moscow Regional Research Institute named after M.F. Vladimirskiy, Moscow, Russia
| | - E S Ivanova
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Twetman S, Boustedt K, Roswall J, Dahlgren J. Systematic review suggests a relationship between moderate to late preterm birth and early childhood caries. Acta Paediatr 2020; 109:2472-2478. [PMID: 32559323 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim was to examine the association between moderate to late preterm birth and the prevalence of early childhood caries. METHODS We searched the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Trials Register databases up to February 28, 2020. Two independent reviewers screened the papers for relevance, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to pool the prevalence of early childhood caries by gestational age. RESULTS The authors identified 14 studies covering 210,691 children. They were published from 2007-2020 and included birth cohorts, cross-sectional, register-based and case-control studies. We assessed eight of them as having low or moderate risk of bias. The median caries prevalence was 48.8% among children born moderate to late preterm compared to 20.5% for those born full term. The pooled overall odds ratio was 1.48 (95% confidence interval 1.16-1.89; P < .001). The certainty of this finding was low due to heterogeneity and inconsistencies across the studies. CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis displayed a significantly higher prevalence of early childhood caries in children born moderate to late preterm compared to full term children. The finding suggests that the gestational age should be collected as a risk factor in the paediatric dental records.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svante Twetman
- Department of Odontology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | - Josefine Roswall
- Department of Pediatrics Halland Hospital Halmstad Halmstad Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics The Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Jovanna Dahlgren
- Department of Pediatrics The Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
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van der Tas JT, Wolvius EB, Kragt L, Rivadeneira F, Moll HA, Steegers EAP, Schalekamp-Timmermans S. Caries experience among children born after a complicated pregnancy. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2020; 49:225-231. [PMID: 33219527 PMCID: PMC8246927 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Behavioural and lifestyle factors, as oral hygiene and diet, are well‐established risk factors in the pathogenesis of dental caries, though displaying large differences in susceptibility across individuals. Since enamel formation already starts in utero, pregnancy course and outcome may eventually play a role in enamel strength and caries susceptibility. Therefore, we studied the association between history of pregnancy complications and the caries experience in their six‐year‐old children. The pregnancy complications included small for gestational age (SGA), spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), gestational hypertension (GH), pre‐eclampsia (PE), individually, and a combination of those, designated as placental syndrome. Methods This study was embedded in Generation R, a prospective longitudinal Dutch multiethnic pregnancy cohort study. Information about pregnancy complications was obtained from questionnaires completed by midwives and obstetricians with cross‐validation in medical records. These included SGA, sPTB, GH and PE. Caries experience was assessed with the decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft) index at a mean age of six years. The association between dental caries experience and a history of pregnancy complications was studied by using hurdle negative binomial (HNB) models. Results We were able to assess the dmft index in 5323 six‐year‐old children (mean age 6.2 years, SD 0.5). We did not find an association between the different pregnancy complications and dental caries experience in childhood, whether for SGA, sPTB, GH, PE, or for the combined outcome placental syndrome (HNB estimates: OR 1.02, 95%CI 0.87 ‐ 1.19; RR 0.90, 95%CI 0.78 ‐ 1.04). Further adjustment of the models with different confounders did not alter the outcome. Conclusions Although it is expected that prenatal stress can be a risk factor for caries development later in life, our findings do not support this hypothesis. Therefore, we believe disparities in caries experience between children are probably not explained by early life events during a critical intrauterine period of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T van der Tas
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eppo B Wolvius
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lea Kragt
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henriëtte A Moll
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric A P Steegers
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Schalekamp-Timmermans
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Occhi-Alexandre IGP, Cruz PV, Bendo CB, Paiva SM, Pordeus IA, Martins CC. Prevalence of dental caries in preschool children born preterm and/or with low birth weight: A systematic review with meta-analysis of prevalence data. Int J Paediatr Dent 2020; 30:265-275. [PMID: 31854043 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries among preschool children who had been born preterm and/or with low birth weight (LBW) compared with those who had been born full term and/or with normal birth weight (NBW). Eight electronic databases were searched from interception up to November 2018 with no restrictions imposed regarding the date of publication or language. Two independent reviewers screened studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. A random-effects meta-analysis was run to pool the crude prevalence of dental caries according to gestational age and birth weight. We performed a narrative synthesis and assessed the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Fifty-nine observational studies were included (55 in the meta-analysis). The prevalence of dental caries was 39% among preterm children, 30% among full-term children, 40% among LBW children, and 33% among NBW children (I2 :97%-99%). The majority of studies reported that dental caries was not associated with gestational age or birth weight, with very low certainty of evidence. Preschool children born preterm or with LBW have similar dental caries experience as those born full term or with NBW, with very low certainty of evidence (PROSPERO #CDR42018118086).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Poliana Valdelice Cruz
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Baccin Bendo
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Saul Martins Paiva
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Isabela Almeida Pordeus
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carolina Castro Martins
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Garmash O, Gubina-Vakulik G, Vondrášek D. Histological Features of Oral Cavity Mucous Membrane Epithelium in Six-Month-Old Experimental Animals Born with Macrosomia. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2019; 61:137-143. [PMID: 30664446 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2018.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We examined the histological features of the mucobuccal fold of oral cavity mucous membrane from the area of the masticatory teeth roots' projection in 6-month-old Wistar Albino Glaxo rats with fetal macrosomia. The animals were divided into groups according to the body weight, the body length, and the Quetelet index at birth. A morphological study was performed using the Leica SP8 AOBS laser scanning confocal microscope and a conventional light (Axiostar, Zeiss) microscopy. Morphometric parameters were used to estimate the degree of acanthosis development in the epithelium of the oral mucosa, which indicates the intensity of its proliferation. Numerous narrow and deep acanthotic outgrowths and densely located 'juvenile' epitheliocytes in the basal layer on the apex of the acanthotic protrusions were found in animals with fetal macrosomia that was due to intrauterine obesity. In these animals, the morphometric index, which we used, was maximally different from that in the control group. In animals with fetal macrosomia that was due to intrauterine growth acceleration of the body, the hyperproliferation of the mucous membrane epithelium of the oral cavity was absent or little pronounced. It can be assumed that fetal macrocosmia with obesity causes instability in the epithelium of the oral cavity mucosa, its rapid death, and therefore, a more active stimulation of proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Garmash
- Kharkiv National Medical University, Therapeutic Dentistry Department, Ukraine.
| | | | - David Vondrášek
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Biomathematics, Czech Republic
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Kirthiga M, Murugan M, Saikia A, Kirubakaran R. Risk Factors for Early Childhood Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case Control and Cohort Studies. Pediatr Dent 2019; 41:95-112. [PMID: 30992106 PMCID: PMC7100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review to assess current evidence for association between various risk factors and the prevalence or incidence of early childhood caries (ECC). Methods: Two reviewers searched various databases until January 2019. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to perform risk of bias assessment. The included studies were categorized according to the World Bank classification. Data were summarized in a meta-analysis using fixed and random effects inverse-generic meta-analyses. Results: A total of 7,034 records involving 89 studies that evaluated 1,352,097 individuals were included; 23 were high, 46 were moderate, and 20 were of low quality. A total of 123 risk factors were found. Meta-analysis revealed that the strongest risk factors found in the high-income countries were presence of dentinal caries (dmft greater than zero; odds ratio [OR] equals 4.21 [2.18 to 8.16]) and high levels of mutans streptococci (OR equals 3.83 [1.81 to 8.09]). In upper-middle-income countries, presence of enamel defects (OR equals 14.62 [6.10 to 35.03]) was found to be the strongest risk factor. Conclusion: The strongest risk factors associated with early childhood caries was the presence of enamel defects, presence of dentinal caries and high levels of mutans streptococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kirthiga
- Dr. M is an Early Career Research fellow (Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance), Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
| | - Muthu Murugan
- Dr. Murugan is Head of Center for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu;,
| | - Ankita Saikia
- Dr. Saikia is a pediatric dental surgeon, Pedo Planet - Children's Dental Centre, Chennai
| | - Richard Kirubakaran
- Dr. Kirubakaran is a biostatistician, South Asian Cochrane Network and Centre, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu
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Hisano K, Tanaka K, Nagata C, Arakawa M, Miyake Y. High birthweight is associated with increased prevalence of dental caries in Japanese children. Int J Dent Hyg 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/idh.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Hisano
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine; Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine; Toon Ehime Japan
- Dentistry and Oral Surgery; Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital; Matsuyama Ehime Japan
| | - K Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine; Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine; Toon Ehime Japan
- Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit; Translational Research Center; Ehime University Hospital; Toon Ehime Japan
| | - C Nagata
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine; Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine; Gifu Japan
| | - M Arakawa
- Health Tourism Research Fields; Graduate School of Tourism Sciences; University of the Ryukyus; Nakagami-gun Okinawa Japan
| | - Y Miyake
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine; Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine; Toon Ehime Japan
- Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit; Translational Research Center; Ehime University Hospital; Toon Ehime Japan
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