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Golden AR, Adam HJ, Karlowsky JA, Baxter M, Schellenberg J, Martin I, Demczuk W, Minion J, Van Caeseele P, Kus JV, McGeer A, Lefebvre B, Smadi H, Haldane D, Yu Y, Mead K, Mulvey MR, Zhanel GG. Genomic investigation of the most common Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes causing invasive infections in Canada: the SAVE study, 2011-2020. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023; 78:i26-i36. [PMID: 37130587 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the lineages and genomic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants of the 10 most common pneumococcal serotypes identified in Canada during the five most recent years of the SAVE study, in the context of the 10-year post-PCV13 period in Canada. METHODS The 10 most common invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes collected by the SAVE study from 2016 to 2020 were 3, 22F, 9N, 8, 4, 12F, 19A, 33F, 23A and 15A. A random sample comprising ∼5% of each of these serotypes collected during each year of the full SAVE study (2011-2020) were selected for whole-genome sequencing (WGS) using the Illumina NextSeq platform. Phylogenomic analysis was performed using the SNVPhyl pipeline. WGS data were used to identify virulence genes of interest, sequence types, global pneumococcal sequence clusters (GPSC) and AMR determinants. RESULTS Of the 10 serotypes analysed in this study, six increased significantly in prevalence from 2011 to 2020: 3, 4, 8, 9N, 23A and 33F (P ≤ 0.0201). Serotypes 12F and 15A remained stable in prevalence over time, while serotype 19A decreased in prevalence (P < 0.0001). The investigated serotypes represented four of the most prevalent international lineages causing non-vaccine serotype pneumococcal disease in the PCV13 era: GPSC3 (serotypes 8/33F), GPSC19 (22F), GPSC5 (23A) and GPSC26 (12F). Of these lineages, GPSC5 isolates were found to consistently possess the most AMR determinants. Commonly collected vaccine serotypes 3 and 4 were associated with GPSC12 and GPSC27, respectively. However, a more recently collected lineage of serotype 4 (GPSC192) was highly clonal and possessed AMR determinants. CONCLUSIONS Continued genomic surveillance of S. pneumoniae in Canada is essential to monitor for the appearance of new and evolving lineages, including antimicrobial-resistant GPSC5 and GPSC162.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R Golden
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Heather J Adam
- Clinical Microbiology, Shared Health, MS673-820 Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3A 1R9, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Room 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - James A Karlowsky
- Clinical Microbiology, Shared Health, MS673-820 Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3A 1R9, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Room 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Melanie Baxter
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Room 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - John Schellenberg
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Room 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Irene Martin
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Walter Demczuk
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Jessica Minion
- Roy Romanow Provincial Laboratory, Saskatchewan Health Authority, 5 Research Drive, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4S 0A4, Canada
| | - Paul Van Caeseele
- Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Shared Health, 750 William Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3J7, Canada
| | - Julianne V Kus
- Public Health Ontario Laboratory, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle-6th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Allison McGeer
- Toronto Invasive Bacterial Diseases Network (TIBDN), Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai Hospital. 600 University Avenue-Suite 171, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Brigitte Lefebvre
- Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, 20045 Ch Ste-Marie, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3R5, Canada
| | - Hanan Smadi
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, New Brunswick Department of Health, 520 King Street, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5G8, Canada
| | - David Haldane
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Centre, 1276 South Park Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - Yang Yu
- Newfoundland and Labrador Public Health Laboratory, Dr. Leonard A. Miller Centre-Suite 1, 100 Forest Road, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1A 1E3, Canada
| | - Kristen Mead
- Provincial Laboratory Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 60 Riverside Drive, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, C1A 8T5, Canada
| | - Michael R Mulvey
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3R2, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Room 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - George G Zhanel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Room 543-745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Canada
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Leal JT, Primon-Barros M, de Carvalho Robaina A, Pizzutti K, Mott MP, Trentin DS, Dias CAG. Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A from carriers and invasive disease: virulence gene profile and pathogenicity in a Galleria mellonella model. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 42:399-411. [PMID: 36790530 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-023-04560-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate and compare the presence of genes related to surface proteins between isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from healthy carriers (HC) and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) with a particular focus on serotype 19A. METHODS The presence of these genes was identified by real-time PCR. Subsequently, we employed the Galleria mellonella larval infection model to study their effect on pathogenicity in vivo. RESULTS The percentage of selected virulence genes was similar between the HC and IPD groups (p > 0.05), and the genes lytA, nanB, pavA, pcpA, phtA, phtB, phtE, rrgA, and sipA were all present in both groups. However, the virulence profile of the isolates differed individually between HC and IPD groups. The highest lethality in G. mellonella was for IPD isolates (p < 0.01), even when the virulence profile was the same as compared to the HC isolates or when the nanA, pspA, pspA-fam1, and pspC genes were not present. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of the investigated virulence genes was similar between HC and IPD S. pneumoniae serotype 19A groups. However, the IPD isolates showed a higher lethality in the alternative G. mellonella model than the HC isolates, regardless of the virulence gene composition, indicating that other virulence factors may play a decisive role in virulence. Currently, this is the first report using the in vivo G. mellonella model to study the virulence of clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Trevisol Leal
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brasil
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia & Modelos Experimentais Alternativos, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências (PPGBIO), Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Muriel Primon-Barros
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brasil
| | - Amanda de Carvalho Robaina
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brasil
| | - Kauana Pizzutti
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brasil
| | - Mariana Preussler Mott
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brasil
| | - Danielle Silva Trentin
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia & Modelos Experimentais Alternativos, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências (PPGBIO), Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
| | - Cícero Armídio Gomes Dias
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brasil
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Alexandrova AS, Pencheva DR, Setchanova LP, Gergova RT. Association of pili with widespread multidrug-resistant genetic lineages of non-invasive pediatric Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2022; 69:177-184. [PMID: 36094859 DOI: 10.1556/030.2022.01816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the presence of pili in non-invasive pediatric pneumococcal isolates and to elucidate possible links with genetic lineages, serotypes, and antimicrobial resistance. We examined 147 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from children with respiratory tract infections and acute otitis media. Serotyping was performed by latex agglutination and capsule swelling reaction. Serogroup 6 was subjected to PCR-serotyping. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined according to EUCAST breakpoints. PCRs for rlrA and pitB genes were performed to detect a presence of type 1 and type 2 pili. MLST was conducted to define the clonal structure of the piliated strains. Almost all children (96.5%) were vaccinated with the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine PCV10. We detected 76.8% non-PCV10 - serotypes (NVTs) and 14.3% PCV10 serotypes. The predominant serotypes were NVTs: 19A (14.3%), 6C (12.2%), 3 (9.5%), 15A (7.5%) and 6A (6.8%). PI-1 was detected among 10.9% non-PCV10 serotypes 6A, 6C, and 19A and 6.1% PCV10 serotypes 19F and 23F. Type 2 pili were not found in the studied population. High levels of antimicrobial nonsusceptibility to erythromycin (58.5%), oral penicillin (55.8%), clindamycin (46.9%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (45.6%), tetracycline (39.5%) and ceftriaxone (16.3%) were revealed. The multidrug-resistant strains (MDR) were 55.1%. MLST represented 18 STs and three CCs among the piliated pneumococci: CC386, CC320, and CC81. More than half of the piliated strains (56.0%) belonged to successfully circulating international clones. PI-1 was associated mainly with MDR 6A, 6C, 19A, 19F, and 23F isolates from the widespread CC386, CC320, and CC81.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sashova Alexandrova
- 1 Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, 1, G.Sofiiski Boul., 1431-Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Daniela Rosenova Pencheva
- 2 Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, 2, Zdrave str., 1431-Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lena Petrova Setchanova
- 1 Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, 1, G.Sofiiski Boul., 1431-Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Raina Tsvetanova Gergova
- 1 Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, 1, G.Sofiiski Boul., 1431-Sofia, Bulgaria
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Aceil J, Avci FY. Pneumococcal Surface Proteins as Virulence Factors, Immunogens, and Conserved Vaccine Targets. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:832254. [PMID: 35646747 PMCID: PMC9133333 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.832254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen that causes over 1 million deaths annually despite the availability of several multivalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). Due to the limitations surrounding PCVs along with an evolutionary rise in antibiotic-resistant and unencapsulated strains, conserved immunogenic proteins as vaccine targets continue to be an important field of study for pneumococcal disease prevention. In this review, we provide an overview of multiple classes of conserved surface proteins that have been studied for their contribution to pneumococcal virulence. Furthermore, we discuss the immune responses observed in response to these proteins and their promise as vaccine targets.
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Virulence factors and antibiotic resistance properties of Streptococcus species isolated from hospital cockroaches. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:321. [PMID: 34194905 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02874-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hospital cockroaches are probable sources of pathogenic bacteria. The present investigation was performed to assess the antibiotic resistance properties and distribution of virulence factors in the Streptococcus spp. isolated from hospital cockroaches. Six hundred and sixty cockroach samples were collected. Cockroaches were washed with normal saline, and the achieved saline was used for bacterial culture. Isolated Streptococcus spp. were subjected to disk diffusion. The distribution of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes were assessed using a polymerase chain reaction. The prevalence of S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, and S. pneumonia amongst examined samples was 4.82%, 1.66%, and 6.96%, respectively. Cfb (53.93%), cyl (52.8%), scaa (51.68%) and glna (50.56%) were the most commonly detected virulence factors. Pbp2b (71.91%), pbp2x (58.42%), mefA (46.06%), ermB (46.06%) and tetM (46.06%) were the most commonly detected antibiotic resistance genes. Streptococcal spp. harbored the highest prevalence of resistance against tetracycline (80.89%), trimethoprim (65.16%), and penicillin (56.17%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first prevalence report of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes in the Streptococcal spp. isolated from American, German, and oriental hospital cockroaches in Iran. Our findings indicated a certain role for cockroaches in nosocomial pathogens transmission in the hospital environment.
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Hansen CB, Fuursted K, Valentiner-Branth P, Dalby T, Jørgensen CS, Slotved HC. Molecular characterization and epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 8 in Denmark. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:421. [PMID: 33952197 PMCID: PMC8097992 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06103-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 8 incidence has increased in Denmark after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugated vaccines (PCV). The mechanism behind the serotype 8 replacement is not well understood. In this study, we aimed to present epidemiological data on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and molecular characterization of 96 serotype 8 clinical isolates. Methods IPD data from 1999 to 2019 were used to calculate the incidence and age distribution. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis was performed on 96 isolates (6.8% of the total serotype 8 IPD isolates in the period) to characterize the isolates with respect to pneumococcal lineage traits, a range of genes with potential species discrimination, presence of colonization and virulence factors, and molecular resistance pattern. Results The serotype 8 IPD incidence increased significantly (P < 0.05) for the age groups above 15 years after the introduction of PCV13, primarily affecting the elderly (65+). All isolates were phenotypically susceptible to penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin. Molecular characterization revealed seven different MLST profiles with ST53 as the most prevalent lineage (87.5%) among the analyzed serotype 8 isolates. The genes covering the cell-surface proteins: lytA, rspB, pspA, psaA & Xisco and the pneumococcal toxin pneumolysin = ply were present in all isolates, while genes for the membrane transporter proteins: piaA/piaB/piaC; the capsular genes: cpsA (wzg) & psrP; the metallo-binding proteins zmpB & zmpC; and the neuroamidase proteins: nanA/nanB were variably present. Surprisingly, the putative transcriptional regulator gene SP2020 was not present in all isolates (98%). Susceptibility to penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin was molecularly confirmed. Conclusion The observed serotype 8 replacement was not significantly reflected with a change in the MLST profile or changes in antibiotic resistance- or virulence determinants. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-06103-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Bülow Hansen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Kurt Fuursted
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | | | - Tine Dalby
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Sværke Jørgensen
- Department of Virus and Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H-C Slotved
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark.
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Broadly Reactive Human Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting the Pneumococcal Histidine Triad Protein Protect against Fatal Pneumococcal Infection. Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00747-20. [PMID: 33649050 PMCID: PMC8091081 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00747-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a leading cause of bacterial pneumonia despite the widespread use of vaccines. While vaccines are effective at reducing the incidence of most serotypes included in vaccines, a rise in infection due to nonvaccine serotypes and moderate efficacy against some vaccine serotypes have contributed to high disease incidence. Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a leading cause of bacterial pneumonia despite the widespread use of vaccines. While vaccines are effective at reducing the incidence of most serotypes included in vaccines, a rise in infection due to nonvaccine serotypes and moderate efficacy against some vaccine serotypes have contributed to high disease incidence. Additionally, numerous isolates of S. pneumoniae are antibiotic or multidrug resistant. Several conserved pneumococcal proteins prevalent in the majority of serotypes have been examined for their potential as vaccines in preclinical and clinical trials. An additional, yet-unexplored tool for disease prevention and treatment is the use of human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) targeting conserved pneumococcal proteins. Here, we isolated the first human MAbs (PhtD3, PhtD6, PhtD7, PhtD8, and PspA16) against the pneumococcal histidine triad protein (PhtD) and the pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), two conserved and protective antigens. MAbs to PhtD target diverse epitopes on PhtD, and MAb PspA16 targets the N-terminal segment of PspA. The PhtD-specific MAbs bind to multiple serotypes, while MAb PspA16 serotype breadth is limited. MAbs PhtD3 and PhtD8 prolong the survival of mice infected with pneumococcal serotype 3. Furthermore, MAb PhtD3 prolongs the survival of mice in intranasal and intravenous infection models with pneumococcal serotype 4 and in mice infected with pneumococcal serotype 3 when administered 24 h after pneumococcal infection. All PhtD and PspA MAbs demonstrate opsonophagocytic activity, suggesting a potential mechanism of protection. Our results identify new human MAbs for pneumococcal disease prevention and treatment and identify epitopes on PhtD and PspA recognized by human B cells.
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Post-Vaccination Streptococcus pneumoniae Carriage and Virulence Gene Distribution among Children Less Than Five Years of Age, Cape Coast, Ghana. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121987. [PMID: 33322236 PMCID: PMC7764876 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2012, Ghana introduced PCV13 into its childhood immunization program. To monitor the pneumococcus after PCV13 vaccination, we analyzed serotypes, antibiotic resistance, and virulence genes of pneumococcal carriage isolates among children under five years of age. We obtained nasopharyngeal swabs from 513 children from kindergartens and immunization centers in Cape Coast, Ghana. Pneumococcal serotypes were determined by multiplex-PCR and Quellung reaction. Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes prevalence were determined by disc diffusion and PCR respectively. Overall, carriage prevalence was 29.4% and PCV13 coverage was 38.4%. Over 60% of the isolates were non-PCV13 serotypes and serotype 23B was the most prevalent. One isolate showed full resistance to penicillin, while 35% showed intermediate resistance. Resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin remained low, while susceptibility to ceftriaxone, levofloxacin and vancomycin remained high. Penicillin resistance was associated with PCV13 serotypes. Forty-three (28.5%) strains were multidrug-resistant. Virulence genes pavB, pcpA, psrP, pilus-1, and pilus-2 were detected in 100%, 87%, 62.9%, 11.9%, and 6.6% of the strains, respectively. The pilus islets were associated with PCV13 and multidrug-resistant serotypes. PCV13 vaccination had impacted on pneumococcal carriage with a significant increase in non-PCV13 serotypes and lower penicillin resistance. Including PcpA and PsrP in pneumococcal protein-based vaccines could be beneficial to Ghanaian children.
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Hanachi M, Kiran A, Cornick J, Harigua-Souiai E, Everett D, Benkahla A, Souiai O. Genomic Characteristics of Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 1 in New Caledonia Prior to the Introduction of PCV13. Bioinform Biol Insights 2020; 14:1177932220962106. [PMID: 33088176 PMCID: PMC7545519 DOI: 10.1177/1177932220962106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 is a common cause of global invasive pneumococcal disease. In New Caledonia, serotype 1 is the most prevalent serotype and led to two major outbreaks reported in the 2000s. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13 (PCV13) was introduced into the vaccination routine, intending to prevent the expansion of serotype 1 in New Caledonia. Aiming to provide a baseline for monitoring the post-PCV13 changes, we performed a whole-genome sequence analysis on 67 serotype 1 isolates collected prior to the PCV13 introduction. To highlight the S. pneumoniae serotype 1 population structure, we performed a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis revealing that NC serotype 1 consisted of 2 sequence types: ST3717 and the highly dominant ST306. Both sequence types harbored the same resistance genes to beta-lactams, macrolide, streptogramin B, fluoroquinolone, and lincosamide antibiotics. We have also identified 36 virulence genes that were ubiquitous to all the isolates. Among these virulence genes, the pneumolysin sequence presented an allelic profile associated with disease outbreaks and reduced hemolytic activity. Moreover, recombination hotspots were identified in 4 virulence genes and more notably in the cps locus (cps2L), potentially leading to capsular switching, a major mechanism of the emergence of nonvaccine types. In summary, this study represents the first overview of the genomic characteristics of S. pneumoniae serotype 1 in New Caledonia prior to the introduction of PCV13. This preliminary description represents a baseline to assess the impact of PCV13 on serotype 1 population structure and genomic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Hanachi
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Biomathematics and Biostatistics-LR16IPT09, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Anmol Kiran
- Queens Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Jennifer Cornick
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi.,Departement of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Emna Harigua-Souiai
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology-LR16IPT04, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Dean Everett
- Queens Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Alia Benkahla
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Biomathematics and Biostatistics-LR16IPT09, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Oussama Souiai
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Biomathematics and Biostatistics-LR16IPT09, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis, Tunisia.,Institut Supérieur des Technologies Médicales de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Pinto TCA, Costa NS, Pina SECM, Souza ARV, Oliveira LMA, Moura CAB, Kegele FCO, Merquior VLC, Botelho ACN, Peralta JM, Teixeira LM. Virulence-Associated Characteristics of Serotype 14 and Serogroup 9 Streptococcus pneumoniae Clones Circulating in Brazil: Association of Penicillin Non-susceptibility With Transparent Colony Phenotype Variants. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2009. [PMID: 32983022 PMCID: PMC7479199 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a major agent of invasive diseases, especially in children and the elderly. The presence of pneumococcal capsule, pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), and pilus type 1 (PI-1) and the ability of colony phase variation are assumed to play important roles in the virulence potential of this microorganism. Differences in the capsular polysaccharide allow the characterization of more than 90 pneumococcal serotypes; among them, serotype 14 and serogroup 9 stand out due to their prevalence in the pre- pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era and frequent association with penicillin non-susceptibility. Here we investigated the distribution of PI-1 and pspA genes and colony phase variants among 315 S. pneumoniae isolates belonging to serotype 14 and serogroup 9, recovered over 20 years in Brazil, and correlated these characteristics with penicillin susceptibility and genotype as determined by multilocus sequence typing. All strains were shown to carry pspA genes, with those of family 2 (pspA2) being the most common, and nearly half of the strains harbored P1-1 genes. The pspA gene family and the presence of PI-1 genes were conserved features among strains belonging to a given clone. A trend for increasing the occurrence of pspA2 and PI-1 genes over the period of investigation was observed, and it coincided with the dissemination of CC156 (Spain9V-3) clone in Brazil, suggesting a role for these virulence attributes in the establishment and the persistence of this successful clone. Opaque variant was the colony phenotype most frequently observed, regardless of clonal type. On the other hand, the transparent variant was more commonly associated with penicillin-non-susceptible pneumococci and with strains presenting evidence of recombination events involving the genes coding for polysaccharide capsule and PspA, suggesting that pneumococcal transparent variants may present a higher ability to acquire exogenous DNA. The results bring to light new information about the virulence potentials of serotype 14 and serogroup 9 S. pneumoniae isolates representing the major clones that have been associated with the emergence and the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in our setting since the late 1980s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana C. A. Pinto
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natália S. Costa
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandrine E. C. M. Pina
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline R. V. Souza
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Laura M. A. Oliveira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camille A. B. Moura
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabíola C. O. Kegele
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Fernandes Figueira, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vânia L. C. Merquior
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Caroline N. Botelho
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José M. Peralta
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lúcia M. Teixeira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Lúcia M. Teixeira,
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11
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Gladstone RA, Lo SW, Goater R, Yeats C, Taylor B, Hadfield J, Lees JA, Croucher NJ, van Tonder AJ, Bentley LJ, Quah FX, Blaschke AJ, Pershing NL, Byington CL, Balaji V, Hryniewicz W, Sigauque B, Ravikumar K, Almeida SCG, Ochoa TJ, Ho PL, du Plessis M, Ndlangisa KM, Cornick JE, Kwambana-Adams B, Benisty R, Nzenze SA, Madhi SA, Hawkins PA, Pollard AJ, Everett DB, Antonio M, Dagan R, Klugman KP, von Gottberg A, Metcalf BJ, Li Y, Beall BW, McGee L, Breiman RF, Aanensen DM, Bentley SD. Visualizing variation within Global Pneumococcal Sequence Clusters (GPSCs) and country population snapshots to contextualize pneumococcal isolates. Microb Genom 2020; 6:e000357. [PMID: 32375991 PMCID: PMC7371119 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of pneumococcal lineages, their geographic distribution and antibiotic resistance patterns, can give insights into global pneumococcal disease. We provide interactive bioinformatic outputs to explore such topics, aiming to increase dissemination of genomic insights to the wider community, without the need for specialist training. We prepared 12 country-specific phylogenetic snapshots, and international phylogenetic snapshots of 73 common Global Pneumococcal Sequence Clusters (GPSCs) previously defined using PopPUNK, and present them in Microreact. Gene presence and absence defined using Roary, and recombination profiles derived from Gubbins are presented in Phandango for each GPSC. Temporal phylogenetic signal was assessed for each GPSC using BactDating. We provide examples of how such resources can be used. In our example use of a country-specific phylogenetic snapshot we determined that serotype 14 was observed in nine unrelated genetic backgrounds in South Africa. The international phylogenetic snapshot of GPSC9, in which most serotype 14 isolates from South Africa were observed, highlights that there were three independent sub-clusters represented by South African serotype 14 isolates. We estimated from the GPSC9-dated tree that the sub-clusters were each established in South Africa during the 1980s. We show how recombination plots allowed the identification of a 20 kb recombination spanning the capsular polysaccharide locus within GPSC97. This was consistent with a switch from serotype 6A to 19A estimated to have occured in the 1990s from the GPSC97-dated tree. Plots of gene presence/absence of resistance genes (tet, erm, cat) across the GPSC23 phylogeny were consistent with acquisition of a composite transposon. We estimated from the GPSC23-dated tree that the acquisition occurred between 1953 and 1975. Finally, we demonstrate the assignment of GPSC31 to 17 externally generated pneumococcal serotype 1 assemblies from Utah via Pathogenwatch. Most of the Utah isolates clustered within GPSC31 in a USA-specific clade with the most recent common ancestor estimated between 1958 and 1981. The resources we have provided can be used to explore to data, test hypothesis and generate new hypotheses. The accessible assignment of GPSCs allows others to contextualize their own collections beyond the data presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie W. Lo
- Parasites and microbes, Wellcome Sanger InstituteHinxton, UK
| | - Richard Goater
- Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Wellcome Genome CampusHinxton, UK
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Corin Yeats
- Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Wellcome Genome CampusHinxton, UK
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ben Taylor
- Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Wellcome Genome CampusHinxton, UK
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James Hadfield
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John A. Lees
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | - Andries J. van Tonder
- Parasites and microbes, Wellcome Sanger InstituteHinxton, UK
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leon J. Bentley
- Parasites and microbes, Wellcome Sanger InstituteHinxton, UK
| | - Fu Xiang Quah
- Parasites and microbes, Wellcome Sanger InstituteHinxton, UK
| | - Anne J. Blaschke
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Nicole L. Pershing
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | | | | | - Waleria Hryniewicz
- National Medicines Institute, Division of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Betuel Sigauque
- Fundação Manhiça / Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça (CISM), Maputo Mozambique, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, inistério de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - K.L. Ravikumar
- Central Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital & Research Center, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Theresa J. Ochoa
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Pak Leung Ho
- Department of Microbiology and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Mignon du Plessis
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kedibone M. Ndlangisa
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Brenda Kwambana-Adams
- NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Mucosal Pathogens, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- WHO Collaborating Centre for New Vaccines Surveillance, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Rachel Benisty
- The Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Susan A. Nzenze
- Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shabir A. Madhi
- Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Andrew J. Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Martin Antonio
- WHO Collaborating Centre for New Vaccines Surveillance, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Ron Dagan
- The Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Anne von Gottberg
- Department of Microbiology and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, PR China
| | | | - Yuan Li
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Lesley McGee
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert F. Breiman
- Rollins School Public Health, Emory University, GA, USA
- Emory Global Health Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David M. Aanensen
- Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Wellcome Genome CampusHinxton, UK
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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12
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Vorobieva S Jensen V, Furberg AS, Slotved HC, Bazhukova T, Haldorsen B, Caugant DA, Sundsfjord A, Valentiner-Branth P, Simonsen GS. Epidemiological and molecular characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage strains in pre-school children in Arkhangelsk, northern European Russia, prior to the introduction of conjugate pneumococcal vaccines. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:279. [PMID: 32293324 PMCID: PMC7161136 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-04998-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV-13) was introduced in the National Immunization Programme (NIP) schedule in Russia in March 2014. Previously, the 7-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV-7) was marketed in Russia in 2009 but has never been offered for mass vaccination. A carriage study was performed among children in Arkhangelsk in 2006. The objective was to determine the prevalence of carriage, serotype distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility and the molecular structure of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains before marketing and introduction of PCV-13. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on a cluster-randomized sample of children and a self-administrated questionnaire for parents/guardians. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from 438 children younger than 7 years attending nurseries and kindergartens in the Arkhangelsk region, Russia. Detailed demographic data, as well as information about the child's health, traveling, exposure to antimicrobials within the last 3 months and anthropometric measurements were collected for all study subjects. Variables extracted from the questionnaire were analysed using statistic regression models to estimate the risk of carriage. All pneumococcal isolates were examined with susceptibility testing, serotyping and multilocus sequence typing. RESULTS The overall prevalence of asymptomatic carriage was high and peaking at 36 months with a rate of 57%. PCV-13 covered 67.3% of the detected strains. High rates of non-susceptibility to penicillin, macrolides and multidrug resistance were associated with specific vaccine serotypes, pandemic clones, and local sequence types. Nine percent of isolates represented three globally disseminated disease-associated pandemic clones; penicillin- and macrolide-resistant clones NorwayNT-42 and Poland6B-20, as well as penicillin- and macrolide-susceptible clone Netherlands3-31. A high level of antimicrobial consumption was noted by the study. According to the parent's reports, 89.5% of the children used at least one antimicrobial regime since birth. None of the hypothesised predictors of S. pneumoniae carriage were statistically significant in univariable and multivariable logistic models. CONCLUSIONS The study identified a high coverage of the PCV-13-vaccine, but serotype replacement and expansion of globally disseminated disease-associated clones with non-vaccine serotypes may be expected. Further surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and serotype distribution is therefore required.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vorobieva S Jensen
- Research Group for Host-Microbe Interaction, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway. .,Department of Virus and Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Division of Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark.
| | - A-S Furberg
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Molde, Norway.,Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - H-C Slotved
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Division of Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Bazhukova
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - B Haldorsen
- Norwegian national advisory unit on detection of antimicrobial resistance, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - D A Caugant
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Sundsfjord
- Research Group for Host-Microbe Interaction, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Norwegian national advisory unit on detection of antimicrobial resistance, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - P Valentiner-Branth
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G S Simonsen
- Research Group for Host-Microbe Interaction, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Norwegian national advisory unit on detection of antimicrobial resistance, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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13
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Relationship Between Prevalence of Pneumococcal Serotypes and Their Neuraminidases in Carriers, Predictive Facts? ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.14100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Prevalence of Various Vaccine Candidate Proteins in Clinical Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae: Characterization of the Novel Pht Fusion Proteins PhtA/B and PhtA/D. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040162. [PMID: 31554325 PMCID: PMC6963846 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumococcal proteins unrelated to serotypes are considered to be candidates of antigens in next-generation vaccines. In the present study, the prevalence of vaccine candidate protein genes, along with serotypes and antimicrobial resistance determinants, was investigated in a total of 57 isolates obtained from a tertiary care hospital in Japan. All of the pediatric isolates and 76.6% of the adult isolates did not belong to PCV13 (a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) serotypes, and 70.2% of all isolates showed multidrug resistance. All of the isolates had ply, pavA, nanA, and nanB, and high prevalence was noted for the pspA and pspC genes (96.5% and 78.9%, respectively). Detection rates for the pneumococcal histidine triad protein (Pht) genes phtA, phtB, phtD, and phtE were 49.1%, 26.3%, 61.4%, and 100%, respectively. Two fusion-type genes, phtA/B and phtA/D, were identified, with a prevalence of 36.9% and 14.0%, respectively. These fusion types showed 78.1–90.0% nucleotide sequence identity with phtA, phtB, and phtD. The most prevalent pht profile was phtA + phtD + phtE (26.3%), followed by phtA/B + phtE (19.3%) and phtA/B + phtD + phtE (17.5%), while pht profiles including phtD and/or phtA/phtD were found in 71.9% of isolates. The present study revealed the presence of two fusion types of Pht and their unexpectedly high prevalence. These fusion types, as well as PhtA and PhtB, contained sequences similar to the B cell epitopes that have been previously reported for PhtD.
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15
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Han C, Zhang M. Genetic diversity and antigenicity analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumolysin isolated from children with pneumococcal infection. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 86:57-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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16
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Janesch P, Rouha H, Badarau A, Stulik L, Mirkina I, Caccamo M, Havlicek K, Maierhofer B, Weber S, Groß K, Steinhäuser J, Zerbs M, Varga C, Dolezilkova I, Maier S, Zauner G, Nielson N, Power CA, Nagy E. Assessing the function of pneumococcal neuraminidases NanA, NanB and NanC in in vitro and in vivo lung infection models using monoclonal antibodies. Virulence 2019; 9:1521-1538. [PMID: 30289054 PMCID: PMC6177239 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1520545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates express up to three neuraminidases (sialidases), NanA, NanB and NanC, all of which cleave the terminal sialic acid of glycan-structures that decorate host cell surfaces. Most research has focused on the role of NanA with limited investigations evaluating the roles of all three neuraminidases in host-pathogen interactions. We generated two highly potent monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), one that blocks the enzymatic activity of NanA and one cross-neutralizing NanB and NanC. Total neuraminidase activity of clinical S. pneumoniae isolates could be inhibited by this mAb combination in enzymatic assays. To detect desialylation of cell surfaces by pneumococcal neuraminidases, primary human tracheal/bronchial mucocilial epithelial tissues were infected with S. pneumoniae and stained with peanut lectin. Simultaneous targeting of the neuraminidases was required to prevent desialylation, suggesting that inhibition of NanA alone is not sufficient to preserve terminal lung glycans. Importantly, we also found that all three neuraminidases increased the interaction of S. pneumoniae with human airway epithelial cells. Lectin-staining of lung tissues of mice pre-treated with mAbs before intranasal challenge with S. pneumoniae confirmed that both anti-NanA and anti-NanBC mAbs were required to effectively block desialylation of the respiratory epithelium in vivo. Despite this, no effect on survival, reduction in pulmonary bacterial load, or significant changes in cytokine responses were observed. This suggests that neuraminidases have no pivotal role in this murine pneumonia model that is induced by high bacterial challenge inocula and does not progress from colonization as it happens in the human host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karin Groß
- a Arsanis Biosciences , Vienna , Austria
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17
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Kavalari ID, Fuursted K, Krogfelt KA, Slotved HC. Molecular characterization and epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 24F in Denmark. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5481. [PMID: 30940899 PMCID: PMC6445336 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41983-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2012, have we in Denmark observed an increase of invasive pneumococcal infections (IPD) due to Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 24F. We here present epidemiological data on 24F IPD cases, and characterization of 48 24F clinical isolates based on clonal relationship, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants and virulence factors. IPD surveillance data from (1999-2016) were used to calculate the incidence and age-distribution of serotype 24F IPD and the effect of pneumococcal conjugated vaccines (PCV). Characterization of forty-eight 24F isolates (14.7% of all 24F isolates from the period) was based on whole-genome sequencing analysis (WGS). The IPD cases of serotype 24F showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) for all age groups after the PCV-13 introduction in 2010. The majority of tested 24F isolates consisted of two MLST types, i.e. the ST72 and the ST162. Serotype 24F IPD increased in Denmark after the PCV-13 introduction in parallel with an increase of the ST162 clone. The genotypic penicillin binding protein (PBP) profile agreed with the phenotypical penicillin susceptibility. The virulence genes lytA, ply, piaA, piaB, piaC, rspB and the cpsA/wzg were detected in all 24F isolates, while the pspA and zmpC genes were absent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kurt Fuursted
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen A Krogfelt
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H-C Slotved
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Brooks LRK, Mias GI. Streptococcus pneumoniae's Virulence and Host Immunity: Aging, Diagnostics, and Prevention. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1366. [PMID: 29988379 PMCID: PMC6023974 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is an infectious pathogen responsible for millions of deaths worldwide. Diseases caused by this bacterium are classified as pneumococcal diseases. This pathogen colonizes the nasopharynx of its host asymptomatically, but overtime can migrate to sterile tissues and organs and cause infections. Pneumonia is currently the most common pneumococcal disease. Pneumococcal pneumonia is a global health concern and vastly affects children under the age of five as well as the elderly and individuals with pre-existing health conditions. S. pneumoniae has a large selection of virulence factors that promote adherence, invasion of host tissues, and allows it to escape host immune defenses. A clear understanding of S. pneumoniae's virulence factors, host immune responses, and examining the current techniques available for diagnosis, treatment, and disease prevention will allow for better regulation of the pathogen and its diseases. In terms of disease prevention, other considerations must include the effects of age on responses to vaccines and vaccine efficacy. Ongoing work aims to improve on current vaccination paradigms by including the use of serotype-independent vaccines, such as protein and whole cell vaccines. Extending our knowledge of the biology of, and associated host immune response to S. pneumoniae is paramount for our improvement of pneumococcal disease diagnosis, treatment, and improvement of patient outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavida R. K. Brooks
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - George I. Mias
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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19
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Kawaguchiya M, Urushibara N, Aung MS, Morimoto S, Ito M, Kudo K, Kobayashi N. Genetic diversity of pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) in paediatric isolates of non-conjugate vaccine serotypes in Japan. J Med Microbiol 2018; 67:1130-1138. [PMID: 29927374 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Among the pneumococcal proteins, pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is considered the most promising candidate for a serotype-independent vaccine. This study aimed to investigate the serotype, genetic diversity of PspA, lineage (genotype) and drug resistance traits of pneumococcal isolates from paediatric patients. METHODOLOGY A total of 678 non-invasive pneumococcal isolates obtained from June to November 2016 were analysed. All isolates were characterized for PspA families, serotypes and macrolide resistance genes. Seventy-one representative isolates of non-vaccine serotypes (NVTs) were genetically analysed for the clade-defining region (CDR) of PspA, as well as multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). RESULTS The detection rate of NVTs was 87.9 % (n=596), including dominant NVTs 15A (14.5 %, n=98), 35B (11.8 %, n=80), 15C (9.3 %, n=63) and 23A (9.0 %, n=61). Most isolates (96.6 %) possessed macrolide resistance genes erm(B) and/or mef(A/E). PspA families 1, 2 and 3 were detected in 42.3, 56.6 and 0.6 % of isolates, respectively. Nucleotide sequences of CDR showed high identity (90-100 %) within the same PspA clade, although the CDR identity among different PspA families ranged from 53 to 69 %. All isolates of NVTs 23A, 10A, 34, 24, 22F/22A, 33F, 23B and 38 were from PspA family 1, while NVTs 35B, 15C, 15B and 11A/11D isolates were from family 2. In contrast, genetically distinct PspAs were found in NVTs 6C and 15A. PspA family 3/clade 6 was detected in only NVT serotype 37 isolates assigned to ST447 and ST7970, showing the mucoid phenotype. CONCLUSION The present study revealed the predominance of PspA families 1 and 2 in NVTs, and the presence of family 3 in serotype 37.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya
- 1Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Noriko Urushibara
- 1Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- 1Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shigeo Morimoto
- 2Sapporo Clinical Laboratory Inc., Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ito
- 2Sapporo Clinical Laboratory Inc., Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenji Kudo
- 2Sapporo Clinical Laboratory Inc., Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- 1Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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20
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Wright MS, McCorrison J, Gomez AM, Beck E, Harkins D, Shankar J, Mounaud S, Segubre-Mercado E, Mojica AMR, Bacay B, Nzenze SA, Kimaro SZM, Adrian P, Klugman KP, Lucero MG, Nelson KE, Madhi S, Sutton GG, Nierman WC, Losada L. Strain Level Streptococcus Colonization Patterns during the First Year of Life. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1661. [PMID: 28932211 PMCID: PMC5592222 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumococcal pneumonia has decreased significantly since the implementation of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), nevertheless, in many developing countries pneumonia mortality in infants remains high. We have undertaken a study of the nasopharyngeal (NP) microbiome during the first year of life in infants from The Philippines and South Africa. The study entailed the determination of the Streptococcus sp. carriage using a lytA qPCR assay, whole metagenomic sequencing, and in silico serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae, as well as 16S rRNA amplicon based community profiling. The lytA carriage in both populations increased with infant age and lytA+ samples ranged from 24 to 85% of the samples at each sampling time point. We next developed informatic tools for determining Streptococcus community composition and pneumococcal serotype from metagenomic sequences derived from a subset of longitudinal lytA-positive Streptococcus enrichment cultures from The Philippines (n = 26 infants, 50% vaccinated) and South African (n = 7 infants, 100% vaccinated). NP samples from infants were passaged in enrichment media, and metagenomic DNA was purified and sequenced. In silico capsular serotyping of these 51 metagenomic assemblies assigned known serotypes in 28 samples, and the co-occurrence of serotypes in 5 samples. Eighteen samples were not typeable using known serotypes but did encode for capsule biosynthetic cluster genes similar to non-encapsulated reference sequences. In addition, we performed metagenomic assembly and 16S rRNA amplicon profiling to understand co-colonization dynamics of Streptococcus sp. and other NP genera, revealing the presence of multiple Streptococcus species as well as potential respiratory pathogens in healthy infants. A range of virulence and drug resistant elements were identified as circulating in the NP microbiomes of these infants. This study revealed the frequent co-occurrence of multiple S. pneumoniae strains along with Streptococcus sp. and other potential pathogens such as S. aureus in the NP microbiome of these infants. In addition, the in silico serotype analysis proved powerful in determining the serotypes in S. pneumoniae carriage, and may lead to developing better targeted vaccines to prevent invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in these countries. These findings suggest that NP colonization by S. pneumoniae during the first years of life is a dynamic process involving multiple serotypes and species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Erin Beck
- J. Craig Venter InstituteRockville, MD, United States
| | - Derek Harkins
- J. Craig Venter InstituteRockville, MD, United States
| | - Jyoti Shankar
- J. Craig Venter InstituteRockville, MD, United States
| | | | | | | | - Brian Bacay
- Research Institute of Tropical MedicineMuntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Susan A Nzenze
- Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research UnitSoweto, South Africa
| | - Sheila Z M Kimaro
- Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research UnitSoweto, South Africa
| | - Peter Adrian
- Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research UnitSoweto, South Africa
| | - Keith P Klugman
- Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research UnitSoweto, South Africa
| | - Marilla G Lucero
- Research Institute of Tropical MedicineMuntinlupa City, Philippines
| | | | - Shabir Madhi
- Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research UnitSoweto, South Africa
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21
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Demczuk WHB, Martin I, Hoang L, Van Caeseele P, Lefebvre B, Horsman G, Haldane D, Gubbay J, Ratnam S, German G, Daley Bernier J, Strudwick L, McGeer A, Zhanel GG, Van Domselaar G, Graham M, Mulvey MR. Phylogenetic analysis of emergent Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 22F causing invasive pneumococcal disease using whole genome sequencing. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178040. [PMID: 28531208 PMCID: PMC5439729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since implementation of the 13-valent polyvalent conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in Canada during 2010, the proportion of PCV13 serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) has declined from 55% (n = 1492) in 2010 to 31% (n = 764) in 2014. A concurrent increase of non-PCV13 serotypes has occurred and 22F has become the most prevalent serotype in Canada increasing from 7% (n = 183) to 11% (n = 283). Core single nucleotide variant phylogenetic analysis was performed on 137 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 22F isolates collected across Canada from 2005-2015. Six phylogenetic lineages (n = 117) were identified among a serotype 22F/ST433 clonal complex (CC), including a recently expanding erythromycin-resistant clone. Erythromycin-resistance was observed in 25 isolates possessing ermB, mef or a 23S rRNA A2061G point mutation; 2 penicillin-resistant isolates had recombinant pbp1a, pbp2a and/or pbp2x; 3 tetracycline-resistant isolates contained tetM; and 1 isolate was multidrug-resistant. Virulence factor analysis indicated a high level of homogeneity among the 22F/ST433 clonal complex strains. A group of 6 phylogenetic outlier strains had differing MLST, antimicrobial resistance and molecular profiles suggestive of capsule switching events. While capsule switch events among S. pneumoniae serotype 22F has been observed, increasing prevalence of S. pneumoniae serotype 22F can be attributed to an evolving homogenous clone expanding nationally through local transmission events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter H. B. Demczuk
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Irene Martin
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Linda Hoang
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British, Canada
| | | | - Brigitte Lefebvre
- Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Greg Horsman
- Saskatchewan Disease Control Laboratory, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - David Haldane
- Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Sam Ratnam
- Newfoundland Public Health Laboratory, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Gregory German
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | | | | | - Allison McGeer
- Toronto Invasive Bacterial Diseases Network, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - George G. Zhanel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Gary Van Domselaar
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Science Technology Cores and Services Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Morag Graham
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Science Technology Cores and Services Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Michael R. Mulvey
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- * E-mail:
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22
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Cornick JE, Tastan Bishop Ö, Yalcin F, Kiran AM, Kumwenda B, Chaguza C, Govindpershad S, Ousmane S, Senghore M, du Plessis M, Pluschke G, Ebruke C, McGee L, Sigaùque B, Collard JM, Bentley SD, Kadioglu A, Antonio M, von Gottberg A, French N, Klugman KP, Heyderman RS, Alderson M, Everett DB. The global distribution and diversity of protein vaccine candidate antigens in the highly virulent Streptococcus pnuemoniae serotype 1. Vaccine 2017; 35:972-980. [PMID: 28081968 PMCID: PMC5287219 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Serotype 1 is one of the most common causes of pneumococcal disease worldwide. Pneumococcal protein vaccines are currently being developed as an alternate intervention strategy to pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Pre-requisites for an efficacious pneumococcal protein vaccine are universal presence and minimal variation of the target antigen in the pneumococcal population, and the capability to induce a robust human immune response. We used in silico analysis to assess the prevalence of seven protein vaccine candidates (CbpA, PcpA, PhtD, PspA, SP0148, SP1912, SP2108) among 445 serotype 1 pneumococci from 26 different countries, across four continents. CbpA (76%), PspA (68%), PhtD (28%), PcpA (11%) were not universally encoded in the study population, and would not provide full coverage against serotype 1. PcpA was widely present in the European (82%), but not in the African (2%) population. A multi-valent vaccine incorporating CbpA, PcpA, PhtD and PspA was predicted to provide coverage against 86% of the global population. SP0148, SP1912 and SP2108 were universally encoded and we further assessed their predicted amino acid, antigenic and structural variation. Multiple allelic variants of these proteins were identified, different allelic variants dominated in different continents; the observed variation was predicted to impact the antigenicity and structure of two SP0148 variants, one SP1912 variant and four SP2108 variants, however these variants were each only present in a small fraction of the global population (<2%). The vast majority of the observed variation was predicted to have no impact on the efficaciousness of a protein vaccine incorporating a single variant of SP0148, SP1912 and/or SP2108 from S. pneumoniae TIGR4. Our findings emphasise the importance of taking geographic differences into account when designing global vaccine interventions and support the continued development of SP0148, SP1912 and SP2108 as protein vaccine candidates against this important pneumococcal serotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Cornick
- Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi; Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK.
| | - Özlem Tastan Bishop
- Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Feyruz Yalcin
- Pathogen Genomics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Anmol M Kiran
- Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi; Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
| | - Benjamin Kumwenda
- Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Chrispin Chaguza
- Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi; Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
| | - Shanil Govindpershad
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sani Ousmane
- Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire, Niamey, Niger
| | - Madikay Senghore
- Medical Research Council, Banjul, Gambia; Division of Translational and Systems Medicine, Microbiology and Infection Unit, The University of Warwick, UK
| | - Mignon du Plessis
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gerd Pluschke
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Lesley McGee
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Beutel Sigaùque
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | - Stephen D Bentley
- Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Aras Kadioglu
- Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
| | - Martin Antonio
- Medical Research Council, Banjul, Gambia; Division of Translational and Systems Medicine, Microbiology and Infection Unit, The University of Warwick, UK; Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Anne von Gottberg
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Neil French
- Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
| | - Keith P Klugman
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, USA
| | - Robert S Heyderman
- Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - Dean B Everett
- Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi; Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
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23
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Shang YP, Lin L, Li CC. [Streptococcus pneumoniae induces SPLUNC1 and the regulatory effects of resveratrol]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2017; 19:111-116. [PMID: 28100333 PMCID: PMC7390127 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the host-defense role of short palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone 1 (SPLUNC1) in Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) infection and the effect of resveratrol (Res) on SPLUNC1 expression, and to provide new thoughts for the treatment of diseases caused by SP infection. METHODS According to the multiplicity of infection (MOI), BEAS-2B cells with SP infection were divided into control group, MOI20 SP group, and MOI50 SP group. According to the different concentrations of Res, the BEAS-2B cells with MOI20 SP infection pretreated by Res were divided into 12.5Res+SP group, 25Res+SP group, and 50Res+SP group (the final concentrations of Res were 12.5, 25, and 50 μmol/L, respectively). Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to measure cell activity and determine the optimal concentration and action time of SP and Res. In the formal experiment, the cells were divided into control group, Res group, SP group, and Res+SP group. Real-time PCR and ELISA were used to measure the mRNA and protein expression of SPLUNC1. RESULTS Over the time of SP infection, cell activity tended to decrease. Compared with the control group and the MOI20 SP group, the MOI50 SP group had a reduction in cell activity. Compared with the MOI20 SP group, the 25Res+SP group had increased cell activity and the 50Res+SP group had reduced cell activity (P<0.05). MOI20 SP bacterial suspension and 25 μmol/L Res were used for the formal experiment. Over the time of SP infection, the mRNA expression of SPLUNC1 in BEAS-2B cells firstly increased and then decreased in the SP group and the Res+SP group (P<0.05). Compared with the SP group, the Res+SP group had significant increases in the mRNA and protein expression of SPLUNC1 at all time points (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the Res group had no significant changes in the mRNA and protein expression of SPLUNC1 (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS SP infection can induce SPLUNC1 expression and the host-defense role of SPLUNC1. Res can upregulate SPLUNC1 expression during the development of infection and enhance cell protection in a concentration- and time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Shang
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Second Affiliated Hospital/Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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24
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Costa NS, Pinto TCA, Merquior VLC, Castro LFS, da Rocha FSP, Morais JM, Peralta JM, Teixeira LM. MLVA Typing of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates with Emphasis on Serotypes 14, 9N and 9V: Comparison of Previously Described Panels and Proposal of a Novel 7 VNTR Loci-Based Simplified Scheme. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158651. [PMID: 27391462 PMCID: PMC4938579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae remains as an important cause of community-acquired bacterial infections, and the nasopharynx of asymptomatic carriers is the major reservoir of this microorganism. Pneumococcal strains of serotype 14 and serogroup 9 are among the most frequently isolated from both asymptomatic carriers and patients with invasive disease living in Brazil. Internationally disseminated clones belonging to such serotypes have been associated with the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance in our setting, highlighting the need for epidemiological tracking of these isolates. In this scenario, Multiple Loci VNTR Analysis (MLVA) has emerged as an alternative tool for the molecular characterization of pneumococci, in addition to more traditional techniques such as Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). In the present study, 18 VNTR loci, as well as other previously described reduced MLVA panels (7 VNTR loci), were evaluated as tools to characterize pneumococcal strains of serotypes 14, 9N and 9V belonging to international and regional clones isolated in Brazil. The 18 VNTR loci panel was highly congruent with MLST and PFGE, being also useful for indicating the genetic relationship with international clones and for discriminating among strains with indistinguishable STs and PFGE profiles. Analysis of the results also allowed deducing a novel shorter 7 VNTR loci panel, keeping a high discriminatory power for isolates of the serotypes investigated and a high congruence level with MLST and PFGE. The newly proposed simplified panel was then evaluated for typing pneumococcal strains of other commonly isolated serotypes. The results indicate that MLVA is a faster and easier to perform, reliable approach for the molecular characterization of S. pneumoniae isolates, with potential for cost-effective application, especially in resource-limited countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália S. Costa
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Tatiana C. A. Pinto
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Vânia L. C. Merquior
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Luciana F. S. Castro
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Filomena S. P. da Rocha
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Jaqueline M. Morais
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - José M. Peralta
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Lúcia M. Teixeira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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