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Sarmiento LF, Lopes da Cunha P, Tabares S, Tafet G, Gouveia Jr A. Decision-making under stress: A psychological and neurobiological integrative model. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 38:100766. [PMID: 38694793 PMCID: PMC11061251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the impact of stress on cognitive processes, particularly decision-making, is crucial as it underpins behaviors essential for survival. However, research in this domain has yielded disparate results, with inconsistencies evident across stress-induction paradigms and drug administration protocols designed to investigate specific stress pathways or neuromodulators. Building upon empirical studies, this research identifies a multifaceted matrix of variables contributing to the divergent findings. This matrix encompasses factors such as the temporal proximity between stressors and decision tasks, the nature of stressors and decision contexts, individual characteristics including psychobiological profiles and affective states at the time of decision-making and even cultural influences. In response to these complexities, we propose a comprehensive model that integrates these relevant factors and their intricate interplay to elucidate the mechanisms governing decision-making during stressful events. By synthesizing these insights, our model not only refines existing paradigms but also provides a framework for future study designs, offering avenues for theoretical advancements and translational developments in the field of stress's impact on cognitive functions. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the nuanced relationship between stress and decision-making, ultimately advancing our knowledge of cognitive processes under challenging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Felipe Sarmiento
- BioTechMed Center, Brain & Mind Electrophysiology Laboratory, Multimedia Systems Department, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Pamela Lopes da Cunha
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University of San Andres, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia Tabares
- International Foundation for the Development of Neurosciences, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Tafet
- International Foundation for the Development of Neurosciences, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Texas A&M University, Texas, USA
| | - Amauri Gouveia Jr
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Behavior, Federal University from Pará, Brazil
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2
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Biggs AT, Seech TR, Johnston SL, Russell DW. Psychological endurance: how grit, resilience, and related factors contribute to sustained effort despite adversity. THE JOURNAL OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 151:271-313. [PMID: 37697826 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2023.2253955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Many concepts describe how individuals sustain effort despite challenging circumstances. For example, scholars and practitioners may incorporate discussions of grit, hardiness, self-control, and resilience into their ideas of performance under adversity. Although there are nuanced points underlying each construct capable of generating empirically sound propositions, the shared attributes make them difficult to differentiate. As a result, substantial confusion arises when debating how these related factors concomitantly contribute to success, especially when practitioners attempt to communicate these ideas in applied settings. The model proposed here-psychological endurance-is a unified theory to explore how multiple concepts contribute to sustained goal-directed behaviors and individual success. Central to this model is the metaphor of a psychological battery, which potentiates and sustains optimal performance despite adversity. Grit and hardiness are associated with the maximum charge of the psychological battery, or how long an individual could sustain effort. Self-control modulates energy management that augments effort required to sustain endurance, whereas resilience represents the ability to recharge. These factors are constrained by both psychological and physiological stressors in the environment that drain the psychology battery. Taken together, these ideas form a novel framework to discuss related psychological concepts, and ideally, optimize intervention to enhance psychological endurance.
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3
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Myochin H, Ohshima N, Izumi T, Hisajima T, Chaleckis R, Mori M. Capillary electrophoresis using triple layer modified capillary facilitating salivary ion analyses: Application to search for potential stress markers induced by cold pressure test. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1720:464769. [PMID: 38442499 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we introduce a novel approach for the analysis of salivary ions using capillary electrophoresis (CE) with a triple-layer coated capillary. The capillary is sequentially coated with cationic silylating reagents, poly(vinylsulfonate), and polybrene to form a custom designed surface that effectively inhibits adsorption of protein matrix on the capillary inner wall and allows for reproducible ion analysis. For the CE with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection, we used suitable background electrolytes (BGEs) for salivary ion analysis. Anions were separated using a mixture of 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid and l-arginine, and cations were separated using that with 18-crown-6. This setup enabled rapid separation, within 4 min, together with sensitive detection. We quantified nine common anions and five cations typically found in saliva samples using this CE method, both before and after a cold pressure test (CPT, a standard stress test). The CE system demonstrated consistent ion separation across 30 consecutive measurements without requiring capillary replacement. Notably, the salivary ion balance remained predominantly anion-rich, regardless of the CPT. Cold water exposure induced greater variation in the total anion concentration than in the total cation concentration. Further analysis using multiple regression analysis revealed strong relationships between nitrate and nitrite, formate and phosphate, and potassium and nitrate, before and after the CPT. Notably, potassium and nitrate ions exhibited variations in response to stress. These results provided a method for assessing salivary ion composition and insights into the potential of salivary ions as biomarkers for stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Myochin
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Ohshima
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Izumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; Faculty of Health Care, Teikyo Heisei University, 2-51-4, Higashiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-8445, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hisajima
- Faculty of Health Care, Teikyo Heisei University, 2-51-4, Higashiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-8445, Japan
| | - Romanas Chaleckis
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Masanobu Mori
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi 780-8520, Japan.
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Heyers K, Pfeifer LS, Walusiacki K, Reinke P, Moser D, Ocklenburg S, Wolf OT. Stability and durability of salivary alpha-amylase across different storage conditions. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 161:106929. [PMID: 38134728 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Data collection in remote and field settings gains importance and popularity in stress research. Accordingly, existing stress induction paradigms have been successfully adapted to remote and field settings. However, guidelines for the comprehensive assessment of biomarkers such as salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) have yet to be sufficiently established for such contexts. In remote and field settings, swift freezing of saliva samples is not always possible, and samples must be returned to the laboratory for further processing. The current study investigated the robustness of sAA activity against external factors that may affect measurements obtained from saliva samples collected in field and remote settings. We compared sAA activity of samples that were stored in different vials (Salivettes® and Eppendorf® vials) and that were exposed to (1) up to three cycles of freezing and thawing, (2) different temperatures (4 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C, and 40 °C) for 3, 7, 14, or 28 days, or that were (3) sent via postal delivery. Results indicate sAA activity to be susceptible across different temperatures, different time intervals, and different vials. As a systematic pattern, sAA activity seems to decrease in treated samples with this effect being potentiated by more extreme conditions such as higher temperatures and longer time intervals. To conclude, sAA data collected in remote or field settings could be affected systematically by various external variables. Future studies collecting sAA should take factors influencing the durability and stability of sAA into account to ensure reliable and valid measurements of salivary data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Heyers
- Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Experimental Psychology II and Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology, School of Human Sciences, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Lena Sophie Pfeifer
- Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Kim Walusiacki
- Genetic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Petunia Reinke
- Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Institute for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Moser
- Genetic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ocklenburg
- Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Institute for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver T Wolf
- Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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5
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Lu TL, He CS, Suzuki K, Lu CC, Wang CY, Fang SH. Concurrent Ingestion of Alkaline Water and L-Glutamine Enhanced Salivary α-Amylase Activity and Testosterone Concentration in Boxing Athletes. Nutrients 2024; 16:454. [PMID: 38337738 PMCID: PMC10857026 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Athletes often take sport supplements to reduce fatigue and immune disturbances during or after training. This study evaluated the acute effects of concurrent ingestion of alkaline water and L-glutamine on the salivary immunity and hormone responses of boxers after training. Twelve male boxing athletes were recruited in this study. During regular training, the participants were randomly divided into three groups and asked to consume 400 mL of alkaline water (Group A), 0.15 g/kg body weight of L-glutamine with 400 mL of water (Group G), and 0.15 g/kg of L-glutamine with 400 mL of alkaline water (Group A+G) at the same time each day for three consecutive weeks. Before and immediately after the training, saliva, heart rates, and the rate of perceived exertion were investigated. The activity of α-amylase and concentrations of lactoferrin, immunoglobulin A (IgA), testosterone, and cortisol in saliva were measured. The results showed that the ratio of α-amylase activity/total protein (TP) significantly increased after training in Group A+G but not in Group A or G, whereas the ratios of lactoferrin/TP and IgA/TP were unaffected in all three groups. The concentrations of salivary testosterone after training increased significantly in Group A+G but not in Group A or G, whereas the salivary cortisol concentrations were unaltered in all groups. In conclusion, concurrent ingestion of 400 mL of alkaline water and 0.15 g/kg of L-glutamine before training enhanced the salivary α-amylase activity and testosterone concentration of boxers, which would be beneficial for post-exercise recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Lin Lu
- Institute of Athletics, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 404401, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Cheng-Shiun He
- Department of Athletic Sports, National Chung Cheng University, Minxiong 621301, Taiwan;
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan;
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
- Institute of Athletics, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 404401, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Chung-Yuan Wang
- Department of Combat Sports, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 404401, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Hua Fang
- Institute of Athletics, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 404401, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (C.-C.L.)
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Davis SL, Latimer M, Rice M. Biomarkers of Stress and Inflammation in Children. Biol Res Nurs 2023; 25:559-570. [PMID: 37010976 PMCID: PMC10626617 DOI: 10.1177/10998004231168805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Children are increasingly exposed to stressors that can affect their immune function. Given the possible negative effects of stress and inflammation on health, researchers need to use appropriate biomarkers to measure both the effects of stress and subsequent inflammatory responses. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to briefly review stress and inflammatory pathways, identify biomarkers used to measure chronic stress and chronic inflammation particularly in children in clinical and community settings, and to discuss methodological considerations when measuring stress and inflammation in children. Discussion: Biomarkers of chronic stress can be classified as central, meaning they are made in the brain, or peripheral, meaning they are made in the peripheral tissues in response to central signals. The peripheral biomarker, cortisol, is most frequently used in the community setting. In addition, indirect measures, such as oxytocin, may complement the assessment of stress. Common biomarkers of chronic inflammation in children are C-reactive protein (CRP), TNF-α, and IL-6. Similarly, indirect biomarkers of chronic inflammation, such as IL-2 and IL-1β, may also be considered. Conclusions: Various types of specimens can be used to measure these biomarkers of stress and inflammation including blood, saliva, urine, sweat, hair, nails, and tears. Each type of specimen has different requirements for collection, storage, and assay. Future research would benefit from standardized biomarker levels across age and development in children and incorporation of other biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L. Davis
- College of Nursing, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Mary Latimer
- School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Marti Rice
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Moreno-Fernández R, García-León D, Peñas G, Martín-Romero R, Buades-Sitjar F, Sampedro-Piquero P. Immersive virtual plus-maze to examine behavior and psychophysiological-related variables in young people with problematic alcohol and cannabis consumption. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 26:100564. [PMID: 37664875 PMCID: PMC10470011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stressful events appear to be risky situations that can precipitate the consumption of drugs. One way to recreate stressful contexts, in an ecological and controlled method, is through immersive virtual reality (VR). In our study, we designed the scenario of an elevated plus-maze (EPM) using VR, which is widely used in animal models to assess unconditioned anxiety. This task allowed us to analyze the behavioral, psychophysiological (heart rate and electrodermal activity), and hormonal response (salivary cortisol and Alpha-amylase) to this stressful situation in different moments (before VR task (anticipation), at the end of the task and 10 minutes later) in young people with problematic alcohol use (AU, n = 27), alcohol combined with cannabis consumption (AU + C, n = 10), as well as in a control group (CO, n = 33). Behavioral analysis revealed that the AU group displayed fewer entries into open arms than the CO group, whereas both experimental groups spent less time at the end of the open arms, as well as lower time by look down index compared to the CO group. Moreover, our VR EPM induced different psychophysiological responses in the different moments measured. In general, electrodermal activity seemed to be a good biomarker of recovery from a stressful situation, as once the exposure to the stressful situation ended, the AU + C group took longer to recover compared to the CO group. Regarding hormonal analyses, we observed a similar response pattern in all groups suggesting that our VR task was able to activate both stress systems. The alpha-amylase to cortisol ratio, proposed as a biomarker of stress systems dysregulation, was higher in the group of young participants with alcohol abuse. Interestingly, our VR EPM was able to induce a slight alcohol craving in both experimental groups. In conclusion, our results suggest certain subtle behavioral and physiological differences that could be used to detect young individuals at risk of future severe addictions or other stress-related comorbidities. Moreover, it could help us to develop prevention strategies focused on emotional, cognitive, and psychophysiological aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D. García-León
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Comunicación, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Spain
| | - G. Peñas
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Comunicación, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Spain
| | - R. Martín-Romero
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Buades-Sitjar
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - P. Sampedro-Piquero
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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8
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Gellisch M, Morosan-Puopolo G, Wolf OT, Moser DA, Zaehres H, Brand-Saberi B. Interactive teaching enhances students' physiological arousal during online learning. Ann Anat 2023; 247:152050. [PMID: 36693546 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The pure transfer of face-to-face teaching to a digital learning environment can be accompanied by a significant reduction in the physiological arousal of students, which in turn can be associated with passivity during the learning process, often linked to insufficient levels of concentration and engagement in the course work. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether students' psychobiological stress responses can be enhanced in the context of anatomical online learning and how increased physiological parameters correlate with characteristics of learning experiences in a digital learning environment. Healthy first-year medical students (n = 104) experienced a regular practical course in Microscopic Anatomy either in face-to-face learning, in passive online learning or in an interaction-enhanced version of online learning. Compared to passive online learning, students engaged in the interaction-enhanced version of online learning displayed a significantly reduced Heart Rate Variability (P 0.001, partial η2 = 0.381) along with a strong increase in salivary cortisol (P 0.001, partial η2 = 0.179) and salivary alpha-amylase activity (P 0.001, partial η2 = 0.195). These results demonstrated that the physiological arousal of students engaged in online learning can be enhanced via interactive teaching methods and pointed towards clear correlations between higher physiological responses and elementary criteria of learning experience such as engagement and attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris Gellisch
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Gabriela Morosan-Puopolo
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Oliver T Wolf
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dirk A Moser
- Department of Genetic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Holm Zaehres
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Beate Brand-Saberi
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Kapoor MP, Sugita M, Kawaguchi M, Timm D, Kawamura A, Abe A, Okubo T. Influence of iron supplementation on fatigue, mood states and sweating profiles of healthy non-anemic athletes during a training exercise: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2023; 32:101084. [PMID: 36817736 PMCID: PMC9932653 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is specifically important to athletes, and attention has grown to the association between sports performance and iron regulation in the daily diets of athletes. The study presents new insights into stress, mood states, fatigue, and sweating behavior among the non-anemic athletes with sweating exercise habits who consumed a routine low dose (3.6 mg/day) of iron supplementation. In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study, both non-anemic male (N = 51) and female (N = 42) athletes were supplemented either with a known highly bioavailable iron formulation (SunActive® Fe) or placebo during the follow-up training exercise period over four weeks at their respective designated clinical sites. The effect of oral iron consumption was examined on fatigue, stress profiles, as well as the quality of life using the profile of mood state (POMS) test or a visual analog scale (VAS) questionnaire, followed by an exercise and well-being related fatigue-sweat. Also, their monotonic association with stress biomarkers (salivary α-amylase, salivary cortisol, and salivary immunoglobulin A) were determined using spearman's rank correlation coefficient test. Repeated measure multivariate analysis of variance (group by time) revealed that the total mood disturbance (TMD) score was significantly lower (P = 0.016; F = 6.26) between placebo and iron supplementation groups over the four weeks study period among female athletes. Also, a significant reduction in tired feeling/exhaustion after the exercise (P = 0.05; F = 4.07) between the placebo and iron intake groups was noticed. A significant within-group reduction (P ≤ 0.05) was noticed in the degree of sweat among both male and female athletes after 2 and 4 weeks of iron supplementation, while athletes of the placebo intake group experienced a non-significant within-group reduction in the degree of sweat. Overall, the result indicates routine use of low dose (3.6 mg/day) iron supplementation is beneficial for non-anemic endurance athletes to improve stress, mood states, subjective fatigue, and sweating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra P. Kapoor
- Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., Research & Development, Nutrition Division, 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi, Mie, 510-0844, Japan,Corresponding author.
| | - Masaaki Sugita
- Nippon Sport Science University, Faculty of Sport Science, 7-1-1 Fukusawa, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 158 8508, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kawaguchi
- Otsuma Women's University, Faculty of Home Economics, Department of Food Science, 12 Sanbancho, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 102-8357, Japan
| | - Derek Timm
- Taiyo International Inc, 5960 Golden Hills Dr., Minneapolis, MN, 55416, USA
| | - Aki Kawamura
- Nippon Sport Science University, Faculty of Sport Science, 7-1-1 Fukusawa, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 158 8508, Japan
| | - Aya Abe
- Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., Research & Development, Nutrition Division, 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi, Mie, 510-0844, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Okubo
- Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., Research & Development, Nutrition Division, 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi, Mie, 510-0844, Japan
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10
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Hashimoto A, Nozaki A, Inoue H, Kuwano T. High masticatory ability attenuates psychosocial stress: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279891. [PMID: 36652405 PMCID: PMC9847911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastication interventions have previously been shown to alleviate acute stress. However, the relationship between masticatory performance and stress response among individuals remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the relationship between masticatory ability and stress response in young women by measuring the autonomic nerve function and salivary α-amylase activity during psychosocial stress. Eighty women (aged 20.0 ± 1.9 years) were divided into either a low or high masticatory performance group, and the Trier Social Stress Test was conducted. Moreover, the autonomic function was measured at rest, immediately before stress, immediately after stress, and 10 min after stress. The salivary α-amylase activity was also measured at rest, 5 min after stress, and 15 min after stress. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used for subjective stress evaluation. There was a significant increase in the autonomic balance of both groups immediately before stress loading, but whilst the high masticatory ability group showed a return to resting-state levels after stress loading, the low masticatory ability group showed elevated levels after stress loading. Salivary α-amylase activity significantly increased 5 min after stress loading in the low, but not high, masticatory ability group. Furthermore, the VAS scores for tension and confusion after stress were significantly higher in the low masticatory ability group than in the high masticatory ability group. Our findings suggest that high masticatory performance may contribute to alleviating psychosocial stress. This is the first study to clarify the relationship between habitual masticatory performance and psychosocial stress suppression in young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Hashimoto
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Kyoto Women’s University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Aya Nozaki
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Inoue
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Faculty of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Toshiko Kuwano
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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11
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Man ISC, Shao R, Hou WK, Xin Li S, Liu FY, Lee M, Wing YK, Yau SY, Lee TMC. Multi-systemic evaluation of biological and emotional responses to the Trier Social Stress Test: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Front Neuroendocrinol 2023; 68:101050. [PMID: 36410619 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Humans experience multiple biological and emotional changes under acute stress. Adopting a multi-systemic approach, we summarized 61 studies on healthy people's endocrinological, physiological, immunological and emotional responses to the Trier Social Stress Test. We found salivary cortisol and negative mood states were the most sensitive markers to acute stress and recovery. Biomarkers such as heart rate and salivary alpha-amylase also showed sensitivity to acute stress, but the numbers of studies were small. Other endocrinological (e.g., dehydroepiandrosterone), inflammatory (C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin-6) and physiological (e.g., skin conductance level) measures received modest support as acute stress markers. Salivary cortisol showed some associations with mood measures (e.g., state anxiety) during acute stress and recovery, and heart rate showed preliminary positive relationship with calmness ratings during response to TSST, but the overall evidence was mixed. While further research is needed, these findings provide updated and comprehensive knowledge on the integrated psychobiological response profiles to TSST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idy S C Man
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Robin Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - W K Hou
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shirley Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Sleep Research Clinic and Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fiona Yan Liu
- Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Maggy Lee
- Department of Sociology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun Kwok Wing
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Suk-Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Mental Health Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Tatia M C Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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12
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Zhang X, Zhang Z, Diao W, Zhou C, Song Y, Wang R, Luo X, Liu G. Early-diagnosis of major depressive disorder: From biomarkers to point-of-care testing. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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13
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Costs of caring: Synchrony in salivary alpha amylase, heart rate, and negative affect in adolescents’ close friendships. Biol Psychol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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14
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Effect of Indian Music as an Auditory Stimulus on Physiological Measures of Stress, Anxiety, Cardiovascular and Autonomic Responses in Humans-A Randomized Controlled Trial. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2022; 12:1535-1558. [PMID: 36286092 PMCID: PMC9601678 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe12100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the different anthropogenic stimuli humans are exposed to, the psychological and cardiovascular effects of auditory stimuli are less understood. This study aims to explore the possible range of change after a single session of auditory stimulation with three different ‘Modes’ of musical stimuli (MS) on anxiety, biomarkers of stress, and cardiovascular parameters among healthy young individuals. In this randomized control trial, 140 healthy young adults, aged 18−30 years, were randomly assigned to three MS groups (Mode/Raga Miyan ki Todi, Malkauns, and Puriya) and one control group (natural sounds). The outcome measurements of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, salivary alpha-amylase (sAA), salivary cortisol (sCort), blood pressure, and heart rate variability (HRV) were collected at three time points: before (M1), during (M2), and after the intervention (M3). State anxiety was reduced significantly with raga Puriya (p = 0.018), followed by raga Malkauns and raga Miyan Ki Todi. All the groups showed a significant reduction in sAA. Raga Miyan ki Todi and Puriya caused an arousal effect (as evidenced by HRV) during the intervention and significant relaxation after the intervention (both p < 0.005). Raga Malkauns and the control group had a sustained rise in parasympathetic activity over 30 min. Future studies should try to use other modes and features to develop a better scientific foundation for the use of Indian music in medicine.
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15
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The Effect of Dental Treatments in Caries Management on Stress and Salivary Protein Levels. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154350. [PMID: 35893440 PMCID: PMC9332813 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A great burden is put on healthcare systems by dental caries and understanding patients’ treatment needs is of utmost importance. The aim of this pre−post study was to assess dental anxiety and the psychological stress induced by two different types of dental treatment (prophylaxis and cavity preparation), by combining psychometric evaluations with salivary biomarkers, in a group of 28 schoolchildren presenting in a university clinic. Pre- and post-treatment unstimulated whole saliva was collected and levels of cortisol, alpha-amylase (sAA) and total protein content were measured. The State−Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children and the Frankl Behaviour Rating Scale (FBRS) were applied. Statistical analysis was performed using the Stata/IC 16 (StataCorp) programme. All salivary parameters showed strong positive correlations between pre- and post-treatment levels. Post-treatment, salivary cortisol decreased (p = 0.008, paired t-test), sAA did not change significantly (p = 0.572, sign test), while the sAA/cortisol ratio (AOC) increased (p = 0.036, sign test). There were no correlations between state and trait anxiety levels. State anxiety scores registered significantly higher values for children with an FBRS score of 3 compared with a score of 4 (p < 0.001, unpaired t-test). The post-treatment decrease in the salivary cortisol level was higher for prophylaxis compared with the cavity preparation group (p = 0.024, t-test). These results demonstrate that sAA and cortisol levels are altered differently by psychological stress induced by two different types of dental treatment.
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16
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Weber J, Angerer P, Apolinário-Hagen J. Physiological reactions to acute stressors and subjective stress during daily life: A systematic review on ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271996. [PMID: 35895674 PMCID: PMC9328558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review aims to provide an overview of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies analyzing stress reactivity during daily life in terms of direct and moderated influence of acute stress on physiological responses. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature search was performed on November 29, 2021 using Web of Science, MEDLINE and PsycINFO to identify prospective EMA studies targeting acute stressors or stress under naturalistic conditions, without restrictions of publication date or population. Study quality was assessed for multiple EMA-specific sources of bias. RESULTS Out of 4285 non-duplicate records, 107 publications involving 104 unique studies were included. The majority of studies assessed acute physiological stress responses primarily through salivary cortisol (n = 59) and cardiovascular outcomes (n = 32). Most studies performed at least three measurements per day (n = 59), and had a moderate risk of recall bias (n = 68) and confounding (n = 85). Fifty-four studies reported a compliance of ≥80%. Direct, non-moderated positive associations were observed between acute stress exposure and concurrent cortisol levels (44%, n = 11/25), systolic (44%, 8/18) and diastolic blood pressure (53%, 8/15) and heart rate (53%, 9/17). Several inter- and intra-individual moderators were identified, such as age, gender, health status, chronic stress, work-related resources, physical activity and stress coping indicators. CONCLUSIONS About half of the reviewed EMA studies demonstrated direct associations between everyday acute stress exposure and physiological responses, including increased cortisol levels, blood pressure and heart rate. Results further suggested various moderator variables that could help develop tailored prevention strategies and identify groups at higher risk for dysfunctional stress responses. REGISTRATION PROSPERO-Reg.-No.: PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020163178.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Weber
- Institute of Occupational-, Social- and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Angerer
- Institute of Occupational-, Social- and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jennifer Apolinário-Hagen
- Institute of Occupational-, Social- and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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17
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Walther LM, von Känel R, Zuccarella-Hackl C, Wirtz PH. Hyperreactivity of Salivary Alpha-Amylase to Acute Psychosocial Stress and Norepinephrine Infusion in Essential Hypertension. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1762. [PMID: 35885066 PMCID: PMC9312828 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unknown whether the observed general physiological hyperreactivity to acute psychosocial stress in essential hypertension also extends to salivary alpha-amylase (sAA), a surrogate sympathetic nervous system marker. Here, we investigated sAA reactivity to acute psychosocial stress in essential hypertensive males (HT) as compared to normotensive controls (NT). To shed light on underlying mechanisms, we moreover tested for sAA reactivity following a standardized norepinephrine (NE) infusion. We hypothesized that both acute psychosocial stress and an NE infusion of similar duration would lead to greater sAA reactivity in HT than in NT. In the stress study, we examined sAA reactivity to 15 min of acute psychosocial stress induced by the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) in 19 HT and 23 NT up to 40 min after stress. In the infusion study, 20 HT and 22 NT received a standardized NE infusion (5 μg/mL/min) over 15 min mimicking NE release in reaction to acute psychosocial stress. HT exhibited greater sAA reactivity to the TSST as compared to NT (p = 0.049, ηp2 = 0.08, f = 0.29). In reaction to the standardized NE infusion, HT showed higher sAA reactivity as compared to NT (p = 0.033, ηp2 = 1.00, f = 0.33). Our findings suggest stress-induced sAA hyperreactivity in essential hypertension that seems to be at least in part mediated by a higher reactivity to a standardized amount of NE in HT. With respect to clinical implications, sAA stress reactivity may serve as a noninvasive marker indicative of early cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Walther
- Biological Work and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany;
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Roland von Känel
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (R.v.K.); (C.Z.-H.)
| | - Claudia Zuccarella-Hackl
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (R.v.K.); (C.Z.-H.)
| | - Petra H. Wirtz
- Biological Work and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany;
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
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18
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McAllister MJ, Martaindale MH, Gonzalez AE, Case MJ. Virtual Reality Based Active Shooter Training Drill Increases Salivary and Subjective Markers of Stress. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2022; 95:105-113. [PMID: 35370487 PMCID: PMC8961715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Law enforcement personnel are required to respond to a variety of dangerous, potentially life-threatening high stress scenarios. Virtual reality (VR)-based training has been shown to attenuate stress responses; however, little is known about the acute stress response from VR exposure. This study examined the impact of participating in a VR-based active shooter training drill (ASD) on markers of physiological stress as well as potential differences in men and women. To examine the impact of participation in a ~50 sec VR-based ASD, 29 subjects (n = 29; 17 males, 12 females) participated in a quasi-experimental single group design. Saliva samples were collected and analyzed from 27 of the 29 subjects a total of four times 1) 30-min prior to, 2) 5-min prior to, 3) 5-min after, and 4) 30-min after the ASD and analyzed for α-amylase (AA) activity and concentrations of secretory immunoglobulin-A (SIgA), cortisol (CORT), and uric acid (UA). Participation in the ASD resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) increase in salivary stress markers AA and SIgA. In addition, lower concentrations of CORT and UA were found in women compared to men. These findings have implications for law enforcement and/or military personnel that may seek to implement a VR-based training into their training regimen. Future studies should investigate the impact of longitudinal participation in ASD interventions to determine if this is an effective training method to reduce stress responses to real life active shooter training drills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. McAllister
- Metabolic & Applied Physiology Laboratory,
Department of Health & Human Performance, Texas State University, San
Marcos, TX, USA
| | | | - Andrew E. Gonzalez
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M
University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Marcus J. Case
- Metabolic & Applied Physiology Laboratory,
Department of Health & Human Performance, Texas State University, San
Marcos, TX, USA
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19
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Şemsi R, Kökbaş U, Arslan B, Ergünol E, Kayrın L, Sepici Dinçel A. The Saliva Cortisol and Amylase Levels Related with Stress Response Compared by Different Analytical Methods. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:1166-1177. [PMID: 34623611 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03676-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sampling of salivary cortisol and amylase is a non-invasive method and important for the evaluation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function and stress levels. This study aimed to compare the values of the salivary cortisol and amylase levels which were measured by three different analytical methods to discuss the alterations of stress levels of samples. The saliva samples of young adults (n = 23) were collected between 08.00 and 09.00 a.m., noon at 12.00 (before exam) and between 14.00 and 15.00 p.m. (after unaware exam). The samples were measured within the first 48 h, and no freezing/thawing was done. Salivary cortisol and amylase levels of subjects were measured by three different analytical methods as ELISA, chemiluminescence and biosensor methods. Comparison of ELISA and biosensor methods in order to determine the salivary cortisol levels showed a good correlation y = 2.971 + 0.748x (R2 = 0.839). Salivary amylase concentrations were only detected by ELISA method. Biosensor can be offered as an alternative analytic method to the conventional determination method ELISA. It can be preferred because of the detection/information effectiveness, low cost, fast results and specificity characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Şemsi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Umut Kökbaş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Nevşehir, Turkey
| | - Burak Arslan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ercis State Hospital, Van, Turkey
| | - Erdal Ergünol
- Department of Oral and Maxillofaxial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Cyprus Health and Social Sciences University, Morphou, Northern Cyprus
| | - Levent Kayrın
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kyrenia University, Kyrenia, Northern Cyprus
| | - Aylin Sepici Dinçel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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20
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Lipponen M, Hallikainen V, Kilpeläinen P. Effects of Nature-Based Intervention in Occupational Health Care on Stress – A Finnish Pilot Study Comparing Stress Evaluation Methods. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:577-593. [PMID: 35378740 PMCID: PMC8976576 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s353168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess methodology and its limitations for measuring effects of nature-based intervention (NBI). Patients and Methods Participants were 11 middle-aged female health care workers with lowered capacity to work. NBI included six group appointments in six months study period. Heart rate variability (HRV) and self-reported pain and work exhaustion were measured pre-post study period. Salivary α-amylase samples were collected immediately before and after three individual interventions. Salivary cortisol samples were collected on the same three interventions, on three consecutive days starting from the day of intervention, to assess (a) month effect (pre-post study period) and (b) day effect (intervention day vs non-intervention day). Results Individual interventions resulted in increase in α-amylase activity. However, the average fold increase decreased from the 3.05 ± 1.20 of the first intervention to 1.91 ± 1.00 and 1.46 ± 0.77 in the second and third intervention, respectively (p < 0.001). Cortisol concentrations were lower on intervention days vs non-intervention days, the difference being indicative (p = 0.050). Pain and work exhaustion decreased during the study period, as well as HRV, although any of these changes was not statistically significant. Conclusion For a large-scale study, it would be ideal to select assays for both major pathways: hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis can be measured by cortisol, whereas response via autonomic nervous system can be measured by HRV, when roles of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems can be pinpointed separately. Salivary α-amylase can be used when continuous monitoring is not possible. Psychological well-being of participants should be surveyed, as well as their activities and moods on sampling days recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Lipponen
- Unit of Bioeconomy and Environment, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Paltamo, Finland
- Correspondence: Maija Lipponen, Unit of Bioeconomy and Environment, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Manamansalontie 90, Paltamo, FI-88300, Finland, Tel +35 8295322024, Email
| | - Ville Hallikainen
- Unit of Natural Resources, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Pekka Kilpeläinen
- Unit of Measurement Technology, Kajaani University Consortium, University of Oulu, Kajaani, Finland
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21
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Bano S, Garg R, Agrawal M, Agarwal R, Kumar A, Prashant P. Evaluation of Salivary Alpha-Amylase Levels for Determining Stress Variations in Patients Undergoing Spinal Anesthesia for Infra-Umbilical Surgery. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2021; 11:253-257. [PMID: 34912690 PMCID: PMC8633698 DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_126_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims and Objectives: To evaluate salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) levels for determining stress variations in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia for infra-umbilical surgery. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty subjects (age 18–65 years) planned for infra-umbilical surgery under spinal anesthesia were included and allocated to Groups A and B ensuring age and sex matching. In both groups, sAA levels (S1 to S4) were assessed sequentially at different times (E1 to E4). S1 and S2 were collected on the evening before surgery (E1) and in the preoperative room on the day of surgery (E2), respectively. Thereafter, in Group A, S3 and S4 were collected before (E3) and 15 min after spinal anesthesia (E4), following which intravenous Midazolam was given. In Group B, intravenous Midazolam was administered first, S3 was collected 5 min later (E3), spinal anesthesia was administered and S4 was collected after15 min (E4). Results: In both groups, sAA levels showed a mild increase from E1 to E2 (not significant). Thereafter from E2 to E3 and E3 to E4, a significant sharp rise in sAA levels in Group A and a significantly acute decline in Group B was noted. Mean sAA levels in Group A were higher as compared to group B (P < 0.005) in E3 and E4. Conclusion: Sequential documentation of increase in sAA levels in our study, starting with the baseline levels, presents a comprehensive report of the stress that the patients experience during preoperative period and reinforces the need of anxiolytic before spinal anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta Bano
- Department of Biochemistry, Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women, Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Renu Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women, Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Meenu Agrawal
- Department of Anaesthesia, Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women, Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Ruchi Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women, Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women, Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Praveen Prashant
- Department of Biochemistry, Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women, Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana, India
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22
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Alyan E, Saad NM, Kamel N. Effects of Workstation Type on Mental Stress: FNIRS Study. HUMAN FACTORS 2021; 63:1230-1255. [PMID: 32286888 DOI: 10.1177/0018720820913173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the workstation type on the severity of mental stress by means of measuring prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. BACKGROUND Workstation type is known to influence worker's health and performance. Despite the practical implications of ergonomic workstations, limited information is available regarding their impact on brain activity and executive functions. METHOD Ten healthy participants performed a Montreal imaging stress task (MIST) in ergonomic and nonergonomic workstations to investigate their effects on the severity of the induced mental stress. RESULTS Cortical hemodynamic changes in the PFC were observed during the MIST in both the ergonomic and nonergonomic workstations. However, the ergonomic workstation exhibited improved MIST performance, which was positively correlated with the cortical activation on the right ventrolateral and the left dorsolateral PFC, as well as a marked decrease in salivary alpha-amylase activity compared with that of the nonergonomic workstation. Further analysis using the NASA Task Load Index revealed a higher weighted workload score in the nonergonomic workstation than that in the ergonomic workstation. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that ergonomic workstations could significantly improve cognitive functioning and human capabilities at work compared to a nonergonomic workstation. APPLICATION Such a study could provide critical information on workstation design and development of mental stress that can be overlooked during traditional workstation design and mental stress assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Alyan
- 61772 Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Naufal M Saad
- 61772 Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Nidal Kamel
- 61772 Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
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23
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The association of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection results with anxiety levels and stress biomarkers: An observational, case-control study ✰. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2021; 51:102254. [PMID: 34678478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2021.102254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anxiety has been considered to exert a negative influence on fecundity. However, it remains unclear whether it is a cause or a consequence and whether it is associated with the treatment outcome. This observational case control study evaluated the levels of state anxiety and various stress biomarkers and assessed their association with in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We allocated 109 infertile nulliparous women aged 25-45 years in their first IVF/ICSI fresh treatment cycle into two groups according to the final outcome: group A (PTP = pregnancy-test positive, n = 49) and group B (PTN = pregnancy-test negative, n = 60). State anxiety levels were measured with the Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire (Marteau and Bekker modification) on the days of oocyte retrieval (OR) and embryo transfer (ET). Serum stress biomarkers (cortisol, adrenaline, noradrenaline, α-amylase, and prolactin) were measured at the same time points. Blood samples were collected at 9 am. RESULTS Most women in both groups showed comparable mild-to-moderate degrees of state anxiety on the days of OR and ET (p = 0.183 and p = 0.760, respectively). The stress biomarker measurements did not differ between the two groups, except for noradrenaline that was higher in group B (p = 0.015) and associated with significant cardiovascular changes. DISCUSSION Women in both groups showed comparable levels of state anxiety, which were unlikely to influence the chance of pregnancy. Noradrenaline levels were higher in the non-pregnant group, with significant cardiovascular changes. Other stress biomarkers did not reflect the different treatment outcomes between the groups.
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24
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Alyan E, Saad NM, Kamel N, Rahman MA. Workplace design-related stress effects on prefrontal cortex connectivity and neurovascular coupling. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2021; 96:103497. [PMID: 34139374 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effect of workstation type on the neural and vascular networks of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) underlying the cognitive activity involved during mental stress. Workstation design has been reported to affect the physical and mental health of employees. However, while the functional effects of ergonomic workstations have been documented, there is little research on the influence of workstation design on the executive function of the brain. In this study, 23 healthy volunteers in ergonomic and non-ergonomic workstations completed the Montreal imaging stress task, while their brain activity was recorded using the synchronized measurement of electroencephalography and functional near-infrared spectroscopy. The results revealed desynchronization in alpha rhythms and oxygenated hemoglobin, as well as decreased functional connectivity in the PFC networks at the non-ergonomic workstations. Additionally, a significant increase in salivary alpha-amylase activity was observed in all participants at the non-ergonomic workstations, confirming the presence of induced stress. These findings suggest that workstation design can significantly impact cognitive functioning and human capabilities at work. Therefore, the use of functional neuroimaging in workplace design can provide critical information on the causes of workplace-related stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Alyan
- Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research (CISIR), Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, 32610, Malaysia.
| | - Naufal M Saad
- Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research (CISIR), Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, 32610, Malaysia
| | - Nidal Kamel
- Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research (CISIR), Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, 32610, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Abdul Rahman
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, 30450, Perak, Malaysia
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25
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Suzuki Y, Tanaka SC. Functions of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in emotion regulation under stress. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18225. [PMID: 34521947 PMCID: PMC8440524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97751-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent neuroimaging studies suggest that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) contributes to regulation of emotion. However, the adaptive response of the vmPFC under acute stress is not understood. We used fMRI to analyse brain activity of people viewing and rating the emotional strength of emotional images after acute social stress. Here, we show that the vmPFC is strongly activated by highly emotional images, indicating its involvement in emotional regulation, and that the midbrain is activated as a main effect of stress during the emotional response. vmPFC activation also exhibits individual differences in behavioural scores reflecting individual reactions to stress. Moreover, functional connectivity between the vmPFC and midbrain under stress reflects stress-induced emotion regulation. Those results suggest that the functions of the network including the vmPFC in emotion regulation is affected by stress depending on the individuals' level of reaction to the stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Suzuki
- Faculty of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan. .,Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institutes International, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Saori C Tanaka
- Faculty of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan. .,Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institutes International, Kyoto, Japan.
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Chen M, Sun J, Chen TZ, Xu DZ, Wan J, Wang Q, Li YG. Loss of nocturnal dipping pattern of skin sympathetic nerve activity during and following an extended-duration work shift in residents in training. J Cardiol 2021; 78:509-516. [PMID: 34275691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extended-duration work shifts (EDWSs) might affect the health of physician residents, causing autonomic alteration. Skin sympathetic nerve activity (SKNA) recorded by noninvasive neuro-electrocardiography (neuECG) is used to estimate cardiac sympathetic tone. In this study, we aim to evaluate the impact of EDWSs on nocturnal SKNA assessed in resident doctors. METHODS Twenty-four residents working EDWSs and 12 PhD students not working nightshift schedules were prospectively recruited. The neuECG was performed between 12 am and 6 am for 5 consecutive nights. SKNA was filtered from neuECG recorded signals. The questionnaires regarding work stress and sleep quality, blood pressure, and salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol levels were administered. RESULTS The hours of weekly working and sleep opportunities were similar between residents and students, while residents reported more work stress and worse sleep quality. In residents, SKNA at 6 am (SKNA6am) was significantly higher than SKNA2am during the precall night, revealing a dipping pattern. However, the SKNA dipping disappeared during the on-call night and prominently flattened during the first postcall night, the full recovery of which was delayed until the second postcall nights. The morning blood pressure and salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol levels were similar between the precall and postcall days. In contrast, SKNA in students exhibited a constant dipping profile for all recorded nights. CONCLUSIONS In healthy young adults, SKNA presents a dip night. The SKNA dip is impaired by working a nightshift, with a delayed recovery. The neuECG might serve as a useful tool to detect subclinical autonomic disturbances in shiftworkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tai-Zhong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dong-Zhu Xu
- Cardiovascular Division, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Juyi Wan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qunshan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yi-Gang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
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McAllister MJ, Martaindale MH. Women demonstrate lower markers of stress and oxidative stress during active shooter training drill. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2021; 6:100046. [PMID: 35757370 PMCID: PMC9216655 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well documented that police officers are frequently engaged in a variety of high stress situations during their normal daily tasks, such as civilian encounters where force is needed or domestic violence situations, that cause significant increases in a variety of physiological and psychological stress markers. Chronic exposure to stressors increases risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) progression. The purpose of this study was to compare male and female salivary and blood markers of stress in response to an active shooter training drill (ASD) to determine if acute stress differentially impacts men and women to better understand if interventions should be targeted. Thirty-one participants (males = 15 [mean age: 23], females = 16 [mean age: 21]) participated in an ASD involving professional actors playing the role of one active gunman, as well as four victims. The ASD lasted approximately 50 seconds. Blood samples were collected 15 min prior as well as after the ASD and analyzed for epinephrine (EPI), norepinephrine (NE), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels. Saliva samples were collected 30 and 5 min prior to the ASD and 5 and 30 min after the ASD, and were analyzed for cortisol, α-amylase, uric acid, and secretory immunoglobulin-A (SIgA). Our analysis revealed that acute (~50 sec) psychological stress in the form of an ASD resulted in significant increases in blood and salivary stress and oxidative stress markers in both men and women. However, four of the seven markers were lower in female participants (cortisol, uric acid, H2O2, and α-amylase presented significant main effects for sex). In addition, SIgA was significantly lower in women compared to men 30 min prior to, and five min post ASD. These findings suggest females may be at a lower risk to stress induced oxidative stress and CVD. Acute psychological stress results in significant increases in blood and saliva stress and oxidative stress markers. Stress markers were attenuated in female participants. Blood oxidative stress was lower in female participants.
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Wu SI, Wu CC, Tsai PJ, Cheng LH, Hsu CC, Shan IK, Chan PY, Lin TW, Ko CJ, Chen WL, Tsai YC. Psychobiotic Supplementation of PS128 TM Improves Stress, Anxiety, and Insomnia in Highly Stressed Information Technology Specialists: A Pilot Study. Front Nutr 2021; 8:614105. [PMID: 33842519 PMCID: PMC8032933 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.614105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Information technology (IT) is an industry related to the production of computers, information processing, and telecommunications. Such industries heavily rely on the knowledge and solutions provided by IT specialists. Previous reports found that the subjective stress scores were higher in IT specialists who developed diabetes, hypertension, and depression. Specific probiotics, known as psychobiotics, may alleviate stress and mood symptoms. This study aimed to examine whether an 8-week intervention of a novel psychobiotic, Lactobacillus plantarum PS128TM (PS128TM), improved self-perceived stress and mood symptoms among high-stress IT specialists. Methods: This open-label, single-arm, baseline-controlled study included IT specialists from a large IT company in Northern Taiwan. Participants with a Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) 10-item version score of 27 or higher were included. Participants were asked to take two capsules containing PS128TM powder, equivalent to 20 billion colony-forming units, daily. Self-report measures, such as the Job Stress Scale, Visual Analog Scale of Stress, the Insomnia Severity Index, the State and Trait Anxiety Index, the Questionnaire for Emotional Trait and State, the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire, and Gastrointestinal Severity Index were compared at baseline and at the end of the trial period. The primary outcome was a 20% reduction in the PSS score at endpoint. Objective measures included salivary levels of stress biomarkers, including cortisol, α-amylase, immunoglobulin A, lactoferrin, and lysozymes, as well as results of the Test of Attentional Performance. Results: Of the 90 eligible IT specialists, 36 met the inclusion criteria. After the 8-week trial period, significant improvements in self-perceived stress, overall job stress, job burden, cortisol level, general or psychological health, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, quality of life, and both positive and negative emotions were found. Conclusion: Our results suggest that PS128TM has the distinct advantage of providing stress relief and can improve mental health for people with a high-stress job. Future placebo-controlled studies are warranted to explore the effect and underlying mechanisms of action of PS128TM. Clinical Trial Registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov/ (identifier: NCT04452253-sub-project 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-I Wu
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Section of Psychiatry and Suicide Prevention Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | - Ian-Kai Shan
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ying Chan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wei Lin
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Ko
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Lin Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chieh Tsai
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Contreras-Aguilar MD, Mateo SV, Tecles F, Hirtz C, Escribano D, Cerón JJ. Changes Occurring on the Activity of Salivary Alpha-Amylase Proteoforms in Two Naturalistic Situations Using a Spectrophotometric Assay. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10030227. [PMID: 33809418 PMCID: PMC7999747 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) is considered a biomarker of acute stress since this enzyme is released in saliva after autonomic nervous system activation, in response to psychological or physical stress situations. This enzyme has different isoforms that could be differentially expressed depending on the stressful situation. The aims of the present research were (1) to develop and validate an easy and fast method to estimate the activity of the major sAA proteoforms (both non-glycosylated and glycosylated proteoforms) in saliva samples, and (2) to evaluate the possible changes occurring in the activity of both proteoforms when measured by this method in two different stress models (physical effort and psychological challenge). This new method was precise and, when applied to the different stress models, allowed to detect changes of different magnitudes in both proteoforms. Therefore, this research opens a new field for the evaluation of isoforms of sAA as potential biomarkers of stress. Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the changes in the activity of total salivary alpha-amylase (TsAA) and both the non-glycosylated and glycosylated salivary alpha-amylase proteoforms (NGsAA and GsAA, respectively) in physical and psychological stress models, estimated using a simple and easily set-up method. The method used was a spectrophotometric assay with 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-α-D-maltotriose (CNPG3) as a substrate, incubated with Concanavalin A (ConA) to remove most of the glycosylated protein from the sample. This method allowed the measurement of TsAA and estimation of NGsAA and GsAA activities with imprecision lower than 10%. When this method was applied to two different stress models, differences in the responses of the proteoforms were observed, with the NGsAA activity showing changes of higher magnitude after stress induction than the GsAA activity, and the highest correlation with the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory Scale in the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). In conclusion, the activity of the two main sAA proteoforms can be easily estimated in saliva, and their measurement can provide additional information on TsAA activity in physical or psychological stress situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- María D. Contreras-Aguilar
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.D.C.-A.); (S.V.M.); (F.T.); (D.E.)
| | - Sandra V. Mateo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.D.C.-A.); (S.V.M.); (F.T.); (D.E.)
| | - Fernando Tecles
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.D.C.-A.); (S.V.M.); (F.T.); (D.E.)
| | - Christophe Hirtz
- IRMB-PPC, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier University, 34295 Montpellier, France;
| | - Damián Escribano
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.D.C.-A.); (S.V.M.); (F.T.); (D.E.)
- Department of Animal Production, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose J. Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.D.C.-A.); (S.V.M.); (F.T.); (D.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-868-88-4722
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Frontal Electroencephalogram Alpha Asymmetry during Mental Stress Related to Workplace Noise. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21061968. [PMID: 33799722 PMCID: PMC7999627 DOI: 10.3390/s21061968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of workplace noise on neural activity and alpha asymmetries of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during mental stress conditions. Workplace noise exposure is a pervasive environmental pollutant and is negatively linked to cognitive effects and selective attention. Generally, the stress theory is assumed to underlie the impact of noise on health. Evidence for the impacts of workplace noise on mental stress is lacking. Fifteen healthy volunteer subjects performed the Montreal imaging stress task in quiet and noisy workplaces while their brain activity was recorded using electroencephalography. The salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) was measured before and immediately after each tested workplace to evaluate the stress level. The results showed a decrease in alpha rhythms, or an increase in cortical activity, of the PFC for all participants at the noisy workplace. Further analysis of alpha asymmetry revealed a greater significant relative right frontal activation of the noisy workplace group at electrode pairs F4-F3 but not F8-F7. Furthermore, a significant increase in sAA activity was observed in all participants at the noisy workplace, demonstrating the presence of stress. The findings provide critical information on the effects of workplace noise-related stress that might be neglected during mental stress evaluations.
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Goodman AM, Diggs MD, Balachandran N, Kakulamarri PS, Oster RA, Allendorfer JB, Szaflarski JP. Repeatability of Neural and Autonomic Responses to Acute Psychosocial Stress. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:585509. [PMID: 33328855 PMCID: PMC7732671 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.585509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
FMRI Montreal Imaging Stress Tasks (MIST) have been shown to activate endocrine and autonomic stress responses that are mediated by a prefrontal cortex (PFC)-hippocampus-amygdala circuit. However, the stability of the neurobehavioral responses over time and the ability to monitor response to clinical interventions has yet to be validated. The objective of this study was to compare the fMRI and physiologic responses to acute psychosocial stress in healthy volunteers during initial and follow-up visits approximately 13 weeks later, simulating a typical duration of clinical intervention. We hypothesized that responses to stress would remain highly conserved across the 2 visits in the absence of an intervention. 15 healthy volunteers completed a variant of control math task (CMT) and stress math task (SMT) conditions based on MIST. Neural responses were modeled using an event-related design with estimates for math performance and auditory feedback for each task condition. For each visit, measures of stress reactivity included differential fMRI and heart rate (SMT-CMT), as well as salivary alpha-amylase before and after scanning sessions. The results revealed that differential fMRI, as well as increased heart rate and salivary alpha-amylase from before and after scanning remained similar between visits. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values revealed areas of reliable task-dependent BOLD fMRI signal response across visits for peaks of clusters for the main effect of condition (SMT vs CMT) within dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), insula, and hippocampus regions during math performance and within subgenual ACC, posterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral PFC regions during auditory feedback. Given that the neurobehavioral response to acute stress remained highly conserved across visits in the absence of an intervention, this study confirms the utility for MIST for assessing longitudinal changes in controlled trials that can identify underlying neurobiological mechanisms involved in mediating the efficacy of stress-reduction interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Goodman
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Epilepsy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Michael David Diggs
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Epilepsy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Neha Balachandran
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Epilepsy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Pranav S Kakulamarri
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Epilepsy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Robert A Oster
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jane B Allendorfer
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Epilepsy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jerzy P Szaflarski
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Epilepsy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Social Stress-Induced Oxidative DNA Damage Is Related to Prospective Cardiovascular Risk. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9113783. [PMID: 33238572 PMCID: PMC7700520 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychosocial stress increases cardiovascular risk, which coincides with enhanced oxidative DNA damage. Increased sympathetic tone-related catecholamine release causes oxidative stress, which contributes to catecholamine-related cardiotoxicity. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis whether acute psychosocial stress induces oxidative DNA damage, its degree being related to the cardiovascular risk profile and depending on the sympathetic stress response. After assessment of the prospective cardiovascular Münster score (PROCAM) to determine the risk of acute myocardial infarction, 83 male and 12 female healthy volunteers underwent the Trier social stress test for groups (TSST-G). Heart rate variability was quantified by measuring the standard deviation (SDNN) and root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) between normal-to-normal inter-beat intervals. Salivary α-amylase (sAA) activity was assessed as a surrogate for noradrenaline plasma concentrations. Oxidative DNA damage was determined using whole-blood single-cell gel electrophoresis ("tail moment" in the "comet assay"). A total of 33 subjects presented with a prospective risk of myocardial infarction (risk+) vs. 59 subjects without risk (risk-). The TSST-G stress significantly increased blood pressure, heart rate, and sAA in both groups, while oxidative DNA damage was only increased in the risk+ group. Immediately after the TSST-G, the "tail moment" showed significant inverse linear relations with both SDNN and RMSSD. Acute psychosocial stress may cause oxidative DNA damage, the degree of which is directly related to the individual cardiovascular risk profile and depends on the stress-induced increase in the sympathetic tone.
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Kerr JI, Naegelin M, Weibel RP, Ferrario A, La Marca R, von Wangenheim F, Hoelscher C, Schinazi VR. The effects of acute work stress and appraisal on psychobiological stress responses in a group office environment. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 121:104837. [PMID: 32961507 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high prevalence of office stress and its detrimental health consequences are of concern to individuals, employers and society at large. Laboratory studies investigating office stress have mostly relied on data from participants that were tested individually on abstract tasks. In this study, we examined the effect of psychosocial office stress and work interruptions on the psychobiological stress response in a realistic but controlled group office environment. We also explored the role of cognitive stress appraisal as an underlying mechanism mediating the relationship between work stressors and the stress response. METHODS AND MATERIALS Ninety participants (44 female; mean age 23.11 ± 3.80) were randomly assigned to either a control condition or one of two experimental conditions in which they were exposed to psychosocial stress with or without prior work interruptions in a realistic multi-participant laboratory setting. To induce psychosocial stress, we adapted the Trier Social Stress Test for Groups to an office environment. Throughout the experiment, we continuously monitored heart rate and heart rate variability. Participants repeatedly reported on their current mood, calmness, wakefulness and perceived stress and gave saliva samples to assess changes in salivary cortisol and salivary alpha-amylase. Additionally, cognitive appraisal of the psychosocial stress test was evaluated. RESULTS Our analyses revealed significant group differences for most outcomes during or immediately after the stress test (i.e., mood, calmness, perceived stress, salivary cortisol, heart rate, heart rate variability) and during recovery (i.e., salivary cortisol and heart rate). Interestingly, the condition that experienced work interruptions showed a higher increase of cortisol levels but appraised the stress test as less threatening than individuals that experienced only psychosocial stress. Exploratory mediation analyses revealed a blunted response in subjective measures of stress, which was partially explained by the differences in threat appraisal. DISCUSSION The results showed that experimentally induced work stress led to significant responses of subjective measures of stress, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the autonomic nervous system. However, there appears to be a discrepancy between the psychological and biological responses to preceding work interruptions. Appraising psychosocial stress as less threatening but still as challenging could be an adaptive way of coping and reflect a state of engagement and eustress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine I Kerr
- Mobiliar Lab for Analytics, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Weinbergstrasse 56/58, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Chair of Technology Marketing, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Weinbergstrasse 56/58, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Chair of Cognitive Science, Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, ETH Zurich, Clausiusstrasse 59, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Mara Naegelin
- Mobiliar Lab for Analytics, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Weinbergstrasse 56/58, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Chair of Technology Marketing, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Weinbergstrasse 56/58, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raphael P Weibel
- Mobiliar Lab for Analytics, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Weinbergstrasse 56/58, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Chair of Technology Marketing, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Weinbergstrasse 56/58, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Ferrario
- Mobiliar Lab for Analytics, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Weinbergstrasse 56/58, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Chair of Technology Marketing, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Weinbergstrasse 56/58, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roberto La Marca
- Chair of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Binzmuehlestrasse 14, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland; Clinica Holistica Engiadina, Plaz 40, 7542 Susch, Switzerland
| | - Florian von Wangenheim
- Chair of Technology Marketing, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Weinbergstrasse 56/58, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hoelscher
- Chair of Cognitive Science, Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, ETH Zurich, Clausiusstrasse 59, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Victor R Schinazi
- Chair of Cognitive Science, Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, ETH Zurich, Clausiusstrasse 59, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, Bond University, 14 University Drive, Robina Queensland 4226, Australia
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Rajagopal S, Chander NG, Anitha KV, Balasubramaniam M. Evaluation of Psychological Stress Marker in Partially Edentulous Indian Adults Restored with Fixed Dental Prosthesis - A Prospective Cohort Study. Contemp Clin Dent 2020; 11:116-120. [PMID: 33110322 PMCID: PMC7583530 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_63_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical studies have established mastication as a stress relaxation behavior in humans. Absence of teeth compromises mastication, increasing psychologic stress in individuals depicted by many physiologic changes in body. Quantitative level of psychologic stress bio-markers serve as indicators of underlying physical ailment. Lesser literatures are available in determining the role of alpha amylase stress bio marker in partially edentulous clinical situations. Aim The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the levels of salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) stress biomarker in partially edentulous subjects before and after restoration with fixed dental prosthesis. Material and Methods Forty partially edentulous patients with missing mandibular first molar were selected for this study. Two questionnaires, state trait anxiety inventory (STAI) and perceived stress scale (PSS) was used to evaluate stress and anxiety levels of participants. The recruited participants were treated with metal ceramic fixed dental prosthesis (FDP). A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to determine the patient satisfaction .Unstimulated salivary samples were collected preoperative, 3rd and 6th month post FDP placement. Level of sAA was estimated. Data obtained in the form of mean ± SD was subjected to statistical analysis using paired sample t-test (α=.05). Results The salivary alpha amylase level was highest with mean of 36.73 μM/min/mg ptn before restoration with FDP. In the third month after prosthesis placement, the enzyme values decreased to16.62 μM/min/mg ptn and least value of 8.58 μM/min/mg ptn was detected in sixth month (P < 0.05). Conclusion The salivary alpha amylase stress biomarker decreased after tooth replacement with FDP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naveen Gopi Chander
- Department of Prosthodontics, SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Active Shooter Training Drill Increases Blood and Salivary Markers of Stress. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17145042. [PMID: 32668818 PMCID: PMC7400181 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Police officers are frequently engaged in a variety of high-stress scenarios, such as high-speed chases and other suspect conflicts, that cause significant increases in a variety of physiological and psychological stress markers. The purpose of this study was to investigate salivary and blood markers of stress in response to an active shooter training drill (ASD). Thirty-one participants (n = 31; males = 15, females = 16; Age: 21 ± 3.5 years) participated in an ASD involving professional actors playing the role of one active gunman, as well as four victims. The ASD lasted approximately 50 s. Blood samples were collected 15 min prior as well as after the ASD and analyzed for epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NE) levels. Saliva samples were collected 30 and 5 min prior to the ASD and 5 and 30 min after the ASD, were analyzed for cortisol, α-amylase, and secretory immunoglobulin-A (SigA). The ASD resulted in significant (p < 0.05) increases in EPI, α-amylase, and SigA levels. The increase in NE from pre to post ASD approached significance (p = 0.06). These results demonstrate that a short duration (~50 s) ASD results in significant increases in both blood and salivary markers of stress. These data may provide meaningful implications for those engaged in high-stress tactical occupations, especially law enforcement and military personnel, as chronic exposure to such occupational stressors can contribute to cardiometabolic disease.
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Gaspar PM, Ewing E. Feasibility and Usability of Salivary Alpha-Amylase to Measure Stress Among Individuals With Dementia. Res Gerontol Nurs 2020; 13:120-124. [PMID: 31697394 DOI: 10.3928/19404921-20191025-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) is a noninvasive biomarker of the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary system and reflects stress. The purpose of the current study was to determine the feasibility and meaningfulness of the use of sAA levels for assisted living memory care (ALMC) residents. Participants were 10 ALMC and eight independent/assisted living (I/AL) residents. Saliva samples were collected eight times for each participant over a 12-hour period using a tongue swab collection technique with immediate sAA point-of-care analysis. Linear mixed effect modeling and case study analysis were conducted. Levels of sAA varied over a 12-hour period for each participant and between participants. Group membership (i.e., ALMC and I/AL) explained 9.3% of the variation of sAA throughout the day, whereas interpersonal differences explained 56.3%. Feasibility of saliva collection technique and measurement of sAA among an ALMC population was supported. Participants serving as their own controls when testing effects of interventions on sAA levels is warranted. [Research in Gerontological Nursing, 13(3), 120-124.].
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Hattori K, Asamoto M, Otsuji M, Ito N, Kasahara S, Hashimoto Y, Yamada Y. Quantitative evaluation of stress in Japanese anesthesiology residents based on heart rate variability and psychological testing. J Clin Monit Comput 2020; 34:371-377. [PMID: 30937595 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-019-00305-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinical anesthesiologists, particularly residents, work in stressful environments. However, evidence-based physiological and psychological tests to evaluate stress are still lacking. In this single-center study of 33 residents, we investigated the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV), which had the potential to screen residents' stress levels using Holter electrocardiography (ECG) and psychological mood as assessed by the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire. HRV analysis revealed 2 findings. Firstly, standard deviation of the average of 5-min normal-to-normal R-R intervals (SDANN) was significant lower than that of same-aged healthy volunteers (69.3 ± 27.9 vs. 137.0 ± 43.0 ms, P < 0.05), which indicated suppression of autonomic nervous system activity throughout their work. Secondly, at induction of anesthesia, significant higher low frequency/high frequency ratio (LF/HF ratio: 1.326 vs. 0.846; P < 0.05) and lower HF (3326 vs. 5967 ms2; P < 0.05) and lower standard deviation of normal-to-normal R-R intervals (SDNN: 50.5 vs. 79.4 ms; nervous system was suppressed at the induction of anesthesia: expected to be the most stressful period of their work. On the other hand, deviation scores of POMS questionnaire elucidated that all the residents were within normal range of psychological mood, and without any significant diurnal changes with respect to total mood disturbance deviation (TMD) scores (48 vs. 47; P = 0.368). HRV elucidated physiological stress among anesthesiology residents quantitatively by evaluating autonomic nervous activities, especially at induction of anesthesia. These changes in HRV could be observed regardless of psychological mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohshi Hattori
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Relief Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masaaki Asamoto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Relief Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Mikiya Otsuji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Teishin Hospital, 2-14-23 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8798, Japan
| | - Nobuko Ito
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Relief Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kasahara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Relief Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Hashimoto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Relief Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Yamada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Relief Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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Hoang TN, LaPorta AJ, Malone JD, Champagne R, Lavell K, De La Rosa GM, Gaul L, Dukovich M. Hyper-realistic and immersive surgical simulation training environment will improve team performance. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open 2020; 5:e000393. [PMID: 32201735 PMCID: PMC7066601 DOI: 10.1136/tsaco-2019-000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical trauma care requires excellent multidisciplinary team skills and communication to ensure the highest patient survival rate. This study investigated the effects of Hyper-realistic immersive surgical team training to improve individual and team performance. A Hyper-realistic surgical training environment is defined as having a high degree of fidelity in the replication of battlefield conditions in a training environment, so participants willingly suspend disbelief that they become totally immersed and eventually stress inoculated in a way that can be measured physiologically. METHODS Six multispecialty member US Navy Fleet Surgical/US Army Forward Surgical Teams (total n=99 evaluations) underwent a 6-day surgical training simulation using movie industry special effects and role players wearing the Human Worn Surgical Simulator (Cut Suit). The teams were immersed in trauma care scenarios requiring multiple complex interventions and decision making in a realistic, fast-paced, intensive combat trauma environment. RESULTS Hyper-realistic immersive simulation training enhanced performance between multidisciplinary healthcare team members. Key efficacy quantitative measurements for the same simulation presented on day 1 compared with day 6 showed a reduction in resuscitation time from 24 minutes to 14 minutes and critical error decrease from 5 to 1. Written test scores improved an average of 21% (Medical Doctors 11%, Registered Nurses 25%, and Corpsman/Medics 26%). Longitudinal psychometric survey results showed statistically significant increases in unit readiness (17%), combat readiness (12%), leadership quality (7%), vertical cohesion (7%), unit cohesion (5%), and team communication (3%). An analysis of salivary cortisol and amylase physiologic biomarkers indicated an adaptive response to the realistic environment and a reduction in overall team stress during performance evaluations. CONCLUSIONS Hyper-realistic immersive simulation training scenarios can be a basis for improved military and civilian trauma training. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan N Hoang
- Naval Surface Forces, US Pacific Fleet, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Anthony J LaPorta
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, Colorado, USA
| | - John D Malone
- Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Kit Lavell
- Strategic Operations, Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Gabriel M De La Rosa
- Naval Center for Combat and Operational Stress Control, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Lawrence Gaul
- Chinle Comprehensive Health Care Facility, Chinle, Arizona, USA
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Grant P, Hennig J. Schizotypy, social stress and the emergence of psychotic-like states - A case for benign schizotypy? Schizophr Res 2020; 216:435-442. [PMID: 31796309 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Schizotypy is a personality-organisation related to schizophrenia-liability as well as the emergence of psychotic symptoms and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in non-schizophrenic individuals. It has been suggested that some non-schizophrenic individuals may exhibit PLEs frequently, but in a fashion that is not distressing but life-enhancing ("benign schizotypy"). In schizophrenia and at-risk individuals, however, psychotic symptoms are not only distressing, but also triggered stress. To further investigate questions of causality and examine how PLEs may present as distressing symptoms in some individuals and as benign experiences in others, we explored how schizotypy-facets moderated PLEs-variability under experimentally induced social stress.We performed a standardised social stress-paradigm in 107 healthy adults (77 female, 30 male; average age 22,5 years), measuring changes in psychometrically assessed PLEs and the moderation of changes under stress through positive, negative and disorganised schizotypy. Results suggest two discrete effects: On the one hand, individuals high in disorganised and negative schizotypy showed stress-dependent increases in PLEs; without added effects of positive schizotypy. On the other, individuals low in negative and disorganised schizotypy showed higher levels of PLEs solely as a function of positive schizotypy but not stress. We discuss these findings in light of the fully-dimensional model of schizotypy and hypothesize that PLEs in individuals high in schizotypy-facets suggested to convey risk-for-schizophrenia (negative and disorganised) may reflect qualitatively different entities than PLEs in individuals with low values in these facets, but high expressions of positive schizotypy ("happy schizotypes"). Additionally, we emphasize the importance of not overlooking the disorganised schizotypy-facet in related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Grant
- Psychopathology and Psychosis Research, Psychology School, Hochschule Fresenius University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt a. M., Germany; Faculty of Life Science Engineering, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Juergen Hennig
- Biological Psychology and Individual Differences, Department of Psychology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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Chiba T, Maeda T, Fujita Y, Takeda R, Kikuchi A, Kudo K. Stress-Induced Suppression of Milk Protein Is Involved in a Noradrenergic Mechanism in the Mammary Gland. Endocrinology 2019; 160:2074-2084. [PMID: 31150047 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Stress decreases milk components such as milk protein and milk yield. The objective of this study was to investigate whether noradrenaline (NA) in milk constituted a factor associated with stress-induced changes in milk proteins such as β-casein. Breast milk obtained from eight healthy, nursing women contained NA at concentrations ranging from 12.7 to 115.5 nM. The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a rate-limiting enzyme of NA synthesis, was observed in primary normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs), and in MCF-12A and MCF-10A cell lines. The mean NA concentration in culture medium used by MCF-12A transfected with TH small interfering RNA (siRNA) was significantly lower than that of cells transfected with control siRNA. NA concentration in milk in restraint-stressed nursing mice was significantly higher than that in nonstressed nursing mice, owing to elevated TH expression in the mammary epithelium. The mean β-casein concentration in milk in restraint-stressed mice was significantly lower than that in nonstressed mice. NA treatment resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in β-casein expression in HMECs. β2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) expression was observed in HMECs, MCF-12A, and MCF-10A, and immunohistochemical analysis of ADRB2 using mammary epithelium sections obtained from mice at day 10 of lactation showed that ADRB2 was expressed at the apical membrane of mammary epithelium. Treatment with salbutamol, an ADRB2 stimulant, decreased β-casein expression in a concentration-dependent manner in MCF-12A. Our results showed that endogenous NA derived from mammary epithelial cells likely comprises one of the factors involved in stress-induced changes in milk proteins such as β-casein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Chiba
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tomoji Maeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yu Fujita
- Department of Biological Pharmacy, Division of Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Rika Takeda
- Department of Nursing, Iwate Medical University Hospital, Iwate, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kikuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kenzo Kudo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
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Contreras-Aguilar MD, Vialaret J, Deville de Périère D, Escribano D, Lehmann S, Tecles F, Cerón JJ, Hirtz C. Variation of human salivary alpha-amylase proteoforms in three stimulation models. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:475-486. [PMID: 31388762 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the sAA proteoforms' expression during different stimulation situations. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study evaluated the salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) proteoforms' behavior by western blot (WB) analysis and high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in different situations that produce increases in sAA activity. For this purpose, six healthy women with a similar body mass index, age, and fit, underwent different sAA stimulation tests, such as acetic acid stimulation, psychological stress using the standardized Trier social stress test, and physical effort using the Cooper treadmill test. RESULTS The three models showed an increase in sAA activity. The WB demonstrated seven common bands observed in the six women (band one at 59 kDa, two at 56 kDa, three at 48 kDa, four at 45 kDa, five at 41 kDa, six at 36 kDa, and seven at 14 kDa), in which sAA protein was identified. The individual WB analysis showed that band two, which corresponded to the native non-glycosylated sAA proteoform, had a higher increase after the three sAA stimulation inducers, and this band was also the only proteoform correlated with sAA activity (r = 0.56, P = 0.001). In addition, when the label-free quantification analysis was performed, the different proteoforms showed different responses depending on the type of stimulation. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study showed that the diverse sAA proteoforms' expression depends on the different stimulation models. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study opens new perspectives and challenges for the use of the different alpha-amylase proteoforms as possible biomarkers in addition to the sAA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María D Contreras-Aguilar
- Clinic Analysis Interdisciplinary Laboratory (Interlab-UMU), Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jerome Vialaret
- LBPC/PPC - IRMB, CHU de Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier University, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier, France
| | - Dominique Deville de Périère
- LBPC/PPC - IRMB, CHU de Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier University, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier, France
| | - Damián Escribano
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Veterinary School, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- LBPC/PPC - IRMB, CHU de Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier University, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier, France
| | - Fernando Tecles
- Clinic Analysis Interdisciplinary Laboratory (Interlab-UMU), Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose J Cerón
- Clinic Analysis Interdisciplinary Laboratory (Interlab-UMU), Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Christophe Hirtz
- LBPC/PPC - IRMB, CHU de Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier University, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier, France
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FMRI response to acute psychological stress differentiates patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures from healthy controls - A biochemical and neuroimaging biomarker study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 24:101967. [PMID: 31446314 PMCID: PMC6718876 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated psychological stress response in the brain regions involved in emotion-motor-executive control in psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES). 12 PNES patients and 12 healthy controls (HCs) underwent stress task and resting state functional MRI (fMRI), mood and quality of life (QOL) assessments, and measurements of salivary cortisol, alpha-amylase, and heart rate. Group differences were assessed, and we correlated beta values from a priori selected brain regions showing stress task fMRI group differences with other stress response measures. We also used the regions showing stress task fMRI group differences as seeds for resting state functional connectivity (rs-FC) analysis. Mood and QOL were worse in PNES versus HCs. Physiological and assessment measures were similar except 'Planful Problem Solving' coping that was greater for HCs (p = .043). Perceived stress associated negatively with heart rate change (rs = -0.74, p = .0063). There was stress fMRI hyporeactivity in left/right amygdala and left hippocampus in PNES versus HCs (corrected p < .05). PNES exhibited a positive association between alpha-amylase change and right amygdala activation (rs = 0.71, p = .010). PNES versus HCs exhibited greater right amygdala rs-FC to left precentral and inferior/middle frontal gyri (corrected p < .05). Our findings of fMRI hyporeactivity to psychological stress, along with greater emotion-motor-executive control network rs-FC in PNES when compared to HCs suggest a dysregulation in stress response circuitry in PNES.
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Ghazali DA, Breque C, Sosner P, Lesbordes M, Chavagnat JJ, Ragot S, Oriot D. Stress response in the daily lives of simulation repeaters. A randomized controlled trial assessing stress evolution over one year of repetitive immersive simulations. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220111. [PMID: 31344077 PMCID: PMC6657860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simulations in healthcare reproduce clinical situations in stressful conditions. Repeated stress exposure might influence the learning process in simulation as well as real-life. OBJECTIVES 1) To record heart rate and heart rate variability evolution during one-day simulation over one year; 2) To analyze the effect of repetitive high-fidelity simulations on the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder. STUDY DESIGN Single-center, investigator-initiated RCT. 48 participants were randomized in 12 multidisciplinary teams of French Emergency Medical Services to manage infant shock in high-fidelity simulations. In the experimental group, 6 multidisciplinary teams were exposed to 9 different simulation sessions over 1 year. In the control group, 6 multidisciplinary teams participated in only 3 simulation sessions, in common with those of the experimental group (initial, intermediate after 6 months, and finally after 1 year). Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) were analyzed on a 24-hour Holter from the day prior to simulation until the end of simulation. Questionnaires of Impact of Event Scale-Revised at 7 days and Post-traumatic Check-List Scale at 1 month were used to detect possible post-traumatic stress disorder in participants. p<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Stress increased during each simulation in the two groups. After analysis on the 24-hour period, there was no significant difference between the two groups during the initial simulation session in terms of heart rate and heart rate variability. In the 24-hour period of the intermediate and final simulation sessions, the level of stress was higher in the control group during the diurnal (p = 0.04) and nocturnal periods (p = 0.01). No participant developed post-traumatic stress disorder after the 72 simulation sessions. CONCLUSIONS Despite the stress generated by simulation, the more the sessions were repeated, the less were their repercussions on the daily lives of participants, reflected by a lower sympathetic activity. Moreover, repetition of simulations did not lead to post-traumatic stress disorder. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02424890.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Aiham Ghazali
- Emergency Department and Emergency Medical Service, University Hospital of Bichat, Paris, France
- Ilumens, Simulation Center, University of Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Cyril Breque
- ABS Lab, Simulation Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Philippe Sosner
- Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center, University Hospital Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Lesbordes
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Ragot
- Statistical Department and Clinical Investigation Center (CIC 1402), INSERM (French National Health and Medical Research Institute), University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Denis Oriot
- ABS Lab, Simulation Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Pediatric Emergency Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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Voorhies AA, Mark Ott C, Mehta S, Pierson DL, Crucian BE, Feiveson A, Oubre CM, Torralba M, Moncera K, Zhang Y, Zurek E, Lorenzi HA. Study of the impact of long-duration space missions at the International Space Station on the astronaut microbiome. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9911. [PMID: 31289321 PMCID: PMC6616552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the course of a mission to the International Space Station (ISS) crew members are exposed to a number of stressors that can potentially alter the composition of their microbiomes and may have a negative impact on astronauts’ health. Here we investigated the impact of long-term space exploration on the microbiome of nine astronauts that spent six to twelve months in the ISS. We present evidence showing that the microbial communities of the gastrointestinal tract, skin, nose and tongue change during the space mission. The composition of the intestinal microbiota became more similar across astronauts in space, mostly due to a drop in the abundance of a few bacterial taxa, some of which were also correlated with changes in the cytokine profile of crewmembers. Alterations in the skin microbiome that might contribute to the high frequency of skin rashes/hypersensitivity episodes experienced by astronauts in space were also observed. The results from this study demonstrate that the composition of the astronauts’ microbiome is altered during space travel. The impact of those changes on crew health warrants further investigation before humans embark on long-duration voyages into outer space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Voorhies
- Department of Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - C Mark Ott
- NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Manolito Torralba
- Department of Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Kelvin Moncera
- Department of Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Hernan A Lorenzi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
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Khalid A, Zhang Q, Wang W, Ghaffari AS, Pan F. The relationship between procrastination, perceived stress, saliva alpha-amylase level and parenting styles in Chinese first year medical students. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2019; 12:489-498. [PMID: 31308770 PMCID: PMC6619418 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s207430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Procrastination is prevalent among students today, and this negatively impacts upon their academic achievement. The current study aimed to explore the relationship between procrastination, perceived stress, saliva alpha-amylase (sAA) levels, and the parenting styles of Chinese first year medical students (MBBS). Methods We recruited 140 MBBS students aged 18–22 years. Assessments included the Procrastination Assessment Scale-Students (PASS), the Chinese version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), saliva alpha-amylase level (sAA), and the Chinese version of the Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran (EMBU) which assesses parenting style. PSS and sAA levels were assessed at week 1 (baseline), then again at week 2 and week 4. Results Male students reported higher levels of procrastination and perceived stress reactions than their female counterparts. Male students reported experiencing higher punishing/severe and rejecting (ie negative) parenting styles, while female students reported experiencing higher warm and affectionate (ie positive) parenting styles. Positive parenting styles were negatively associated with to procrastination and stress reactions, while negative parenting styles were positively associated with procrastination and delayed stress reactions among MBBS students. Conclusion Procrastination induced stress in MBBS students, providing further evidence that procrastination enhances stress in young adulthood. Negative parenting styles, such as being punishing and rejecting, had a positive correlation with procrastination. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/1zwG3z0tDC8
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslan Khalid
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdul Sattar Ghaffari
- Zhongtai Securities Institute for Financial Studies, School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Pan
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Contreras-Aguilar MD, Martínez-Subiela S, Cerón JJ, Martín-Cuervo M, Tecles F, Escribano D. Salivary alpha-amylase activity and concentration in horses with acute abdominal disease: Association with outcome. Equine Vet J 2019; 51:569-574. [PMID: 30623475 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary biomarkers could be useful to objectively evaluate critical illness and prognosis for survival in horses with acute abdominal disease. OBJECTIVES To compare salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) activity and concentration in healthy horses and horses with acute abdominal disease, and evaluate the association between sAA activity and concentration with disease severity and outcome. STUDY DESIGN A prospective cohort. METHODS sAA activity, measured using a colorimetric commercial kit, and concentration, measured using a Time-resolved immunofluorometric assay, in 25 healthy horses and in 33 horses with acute abdominal disease was compared using an ANOVA. Associations between survival to discharge and sAA activity and concentration and other clinical parameters were examined using univariable logistic regression and Spearman correlation. RESULTS sAA activity and concentration were different between healthy (median = 4.3 [2.6-11.2] IU/L and 58.4 [53.4-80.6] ng/mL, respectively) and diseased (median = 29.8 [14.2-168.9] IU/L and 388.3 [189.1-675.8] ng/mL, respectively) (P<0.001). The sAA activity was higher in non-survivors (median = 479.0 [78.7-2064.0] IU/L, n = 8) compared to survivors (median = 19.3 [12.1-103.7] IU/L, n = 25, P<0.001) and sAA activity and concentration correlated (P<0.001) moderately with HR (r = 0.66 and r = 0.61, respectively). sAA activity correlated weakly with salivary cortisol (r = 0.45, P<0.001) and systemic inflammatory response syndrome score (r = 0.43, P<0.05), while activity and concentration correlated (P<0.001) moderately with plasma lactate concentration (r = 0.57 and r = 0.60, respectively). The sAA activity was significantly (P = 0.01) associated with increased risk of nonsurvival. MAIN LIMITATIONS Pain scores were not recorded. The sample population was small. CONCLUSIONS The sAA activity, but not concentration, shows potential as a biomarker of prognosis for survival in horses with acute abdominal disease. The summary is available in Spanish - see Supporting Information.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Contreras-Aguilar
- Clinic Analysis Interdisciplinary Laboratory (Interlab-UMU), Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, Murcia, Spain
| | - S Martínez-Subiela
- Clinic Analysis Interdisciplinary Laboratory (Interlab-UMU), Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, Murcia, Spain
| | - J J Cerón
- Clinic Analysis Interdisciplinary Laboratory (Interlab-UMU), Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Martín-Cuervo
- Medice Animal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Cáceres, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad S-N, Cáceres, Spain
| | - F Tecles
- Clinic Analysis Interdisciplinary Laboratory (Interlab-UMU), Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, Murcia, Spain
| | - D Escribano
- Clinic Analysis Interdisciplinary Laboratory (Interlab-UMU), Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Veterinary School, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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47
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Espin L, Villada C, Hidalgo V, Salvador A. Effects of sex and menstrual cycle phase on cardiac response and alpha- amylase levels in psychosocial stress. Biol Psychol 2018; 140:141-148. [PMID: 30552951 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The impact of sex and the menstrual cycle phase on the autonomic response to psychosocial stress remains controversial. This study explored autonomic nervous system activity through salivary alpha-amylase, heart rate, and heart rate variability responses to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) in healthy young people. The sample was composed of 25 men, 26 women in the luteal phase, and 25 women in the follicular phase, from 18 to 25 years of age. Participants were exposed to the TSST or a control condition. The results indicate that women in their follicular phase showed a blunted alpha-amylase response to stress compared to men and women in the luteal phase. In addition, men showed higher sympatho-vagal activity in the stress condition compared to the two groups of women. These results confirm that sex and the menstrual cycle phase are potential modulators of autonomic nervous system reactivity to psychosocial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Espin
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, IDOCAL, Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carolina Villada
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, IDOCAL, Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Neurobiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Vanesa Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, IDOCAL, Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; IIS Aragón, Department of Psychology and Sociology, Area of Psychobiology, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - Alicia Salvador
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, IDOCAL, Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Nabi G, Hao Y, McLaughlin RW, Wang D. The Possible Effects of High Vessel Traffic on the Physiological Parameters of the Critically Endangered Yangtze Finless Porpoise ( Neophocaena asiaeorientalis ssp. asiaeorientalis). Front Physiol 2018; 9:1665. [PMID: 30546317 PMCID: PMC6280126 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Poyang is the largest freshwater lake in China, where the acoustic environment and space for the critically endangered Yangtze finless porpoises (YFPs) has been altered by heavy vessel traffic and dredging activities. The density of vessel and the rate of dredging increases annually, especially in the area with the highest density of YFPs. The heavy vessel traffic can cause an increase in the physical activities and direct physical injuries to the YFPs. Furthermore, noise is a potent stressor to all cetaceans irrespective of age and can compromise all their physiological functions. The objective of this study was to examine the possible effects of heavy vessel traffic and dredging on the biochemistry, hematology, adrenal, thyroid, and reproductive hormones of two different YFP populations. One population was living in Poyang Lake and the second living in the Tian-E-Zhou Oxbow which is a semi-natural resserve. Results: The results showed statistically significantly higher levels of serum cortisol, fT3, fT4, and lowered testosterone in both adult and juvenile YFPs living in Poyang Lake vs. adult YFPs living in the Tian-E-Zhou Oxbow. The serum biochemical parameters (Aspartate Amino Transferase, Alkaline Phosphatase, High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, Globulin, Uric acid, Glucose, K+, and Amylase) and the hematology parameters (Red Blood Cells, Hematocrit, Mean Corpuscular Volume, White Blood Cells, and Eosinophils) were statistically significantly higher in the adult Poyang Lake YFPs vs. adult Tian-E-Zhou Oxbow YFPs. On the other hand, adult males of the Tian-E-Zhou Oxbow also showed significantly higher levels of the serum biochemical parameters (Total Cholesterol, Light Density Lipoprotein cholesterol, Direct Bilirubin, Albumin, Lactate Dehydrogenase, CO2, and Na+) and the blood parameters (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration). In Poyang Lake YFPs, various parameters showed significantly positive (fT4, amylase, neutrophil, Ca+2) or negative (total protein, lymphocyte) correlations with cortisol levels. Conclusions: The hyperactivity of adrenal glands in response to heavy vessel traffic and dredging resulted in significantly elevated cortisol levels in Poyang Lake YFPs. The higher cortisol level could possibly have affected various hormonal, hematological, and biochemical parameters, and ultimately the YFPs physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Nabi
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujiang Hao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Ding Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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49
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Hepp P, Hagenbeck C, Gilles J, Wolf OT, Goertz W, Janni W, Balan P, Fleisch M, Fehm T, Schaal NK. Effects of music intervention during caesarean delivery on anxiety and stress of the mother a controlled, randomised study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2018; 18:435. [PMID: 30390639 PMCID: PMC6215648 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-018-2069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stress and anxiety during pregnancy and childbirth have negative consequences for both mother and child. There are indications that music has a positive effect in this situation. The present study investigates the influence of music during the caesarean on anxiety and stress of the expectant mother. Methods The SAMBA study is a single-centre, controlled, randomized study including 304 patients. Women in the intervention group heard music via loudspeakers from one of four self-selected genres. The control group had standard treatment without music. The caesarean was performed in regional Anesthesia. At admission, at skin incision, during skin suture and two hours after completion of surgery, different subjective (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, visual analogue scale for anxiety) and objective parameters (salivary cortisol/amylase, heart rate, blood pressure) were collected. Mixed-factorial Analysis of variances as well as independent sample t-tests were applied for data analysis. Results At skin suture, significantly lower anxiety levels were reported in the intervention group regarding State anxiety (31.56 vs. 34.41; p = .004) and visual analogue scale for anxiety (1.27 vs. 1.76; p = .018). Two hours after surgery, the measured visual analogue scale for anxiety score in the intervention group was still significantly lower (0.69 vs. 1.04; p = .018). The objective parameters showed significant differences between the groups in salivary cortisol increase from admission to skin suture (12.29 vs. 16.61 nmol/L; p = .043), as well as systolic blood pressure (130.11 vs. 136.19 mmHg; p = .002) and heart rate (88.40 vs. 92.57/min; p = .049) at skin incision. Conclusions Music during caesarean is an easy implementable and effective way of reducing stress and anxiety of the expectant mother. Trial registration German registry for clinical trials (DRKS00007840). Registered 16/06/2015. Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Hepp
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, University Witten/Herdecke, Heusnerstr 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany. .,Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Carsten Hagenbeck
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julius Gilles
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver T Wolf
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfram Goertz
- Musikerambulanz, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Janni
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Percy Balan
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Fleisch
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, University Witten/Herdecke, Heusnerstr 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Tanja Fehm
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nora K Schaal
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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50
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Kistenmacher A, Goetsch J, Ullmann D, Wardzinski EK, Melchert UH, Jauch-Chara K, Oltmanns KM. Psychosocial stress promotes food intake and enhances the neuroenergetic level in men. Stress 2018; 21:538-547. [PMID: 29969341 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2018.1485645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosocial stress may lead to increased food consumption and overweight. In turn, obesity is related to reduced brain energy content. We hypothesized that psychosocial stress influencing food intake may alter the neuroenergetic status in the human brain. We tested 14 healthy normal weight men in a randomized crossover design. A modified version of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) was carried out to induce psychosocial stress vs. control in a neuroimaging setting. Cerebral energy content, i.e. high energy phosphates adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphocreatine (PCr), was measured by 31phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Food intake was quantified by an ad libitum buffet test. Stress hormonal response and alterations in glucose metabolism were monitored by blood sampling. Before data collection, we mainly expected a stress-induced reduction in cerebral high energy phosphates, followed by higher food intake. Psychosocial stress increased serum cortisol concentrations (p = .003) and fat intake of all participants by 25% (p = .043), as well as food intake of "stress-eaters" by 41.1% (p = .003) compared with controls. Blood glucose and insulin concentrations were not affected (p > .174 for both). Cerebral ATP and PCr levels generally increased upon stress-induction (p > = .022 and p = .037, respectively). Our data confirm that psychosocial stress may enhance food intake. Contrary to our expectations, stress induces a distinct increase in the neuroenergetic status. This insight suggests that the underlying central nervous mechanisms of stress-induced overeating may involve the regulation of the brain energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Kistenmacher
- Section of Psychoneurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Jakob Goetsch
- Section of Psychoneurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Dorothee Ullmann
- Section of Psychoneurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Ewelina K Wardzinski
- Section of Psychoneurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Uwe H Melchert
- Section of Psychoneurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Kamila Jauch-Chara
- Section of Psychoneurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Kerstin M Oltmanns
- Section of Psychoneurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
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