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Ding M, Nielsen K. Inbred Mouse Models in Cryptococcus neoformans Research. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:426. [PMID: 38921412 PMCID: PMC11204852 DOI: 10.3390/jof10060426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal models are frequently used as surrogates to understand human disease. In the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus species complex, several variations of a mouse model of disease were developed that recapitulate different aspects of human disease. These mouse models have been implemented using various inbred and outbred mouse backgrounds, many of which have genetic differences that can influence host response and disease outcome. In this review, we will discuss the most commonly used inbred mouse backgrounds in C. neoformans infection models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirsten Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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2
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Zhai Z, Shao L, Lu Z, Yang Y, Wang J, Liu Z, Wang H, Zheng Y, Lu H, Song X, Zhang Y. Characteristics of mucin hypersecretion in different inflammatory patterns based on endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis. Clin Transl Allergy 2024; 14:e12334. [PMID: 38282195 PMCID: PMC10802810 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is usually accompanied by mucin hypersecretion that can lead to mucus accumulation and impair nasal mucociliary clearance, thus exacerbating airway inflammation. Abnormal mucin hypersecretion is regulated by different T helper (Th) cytokines, which are associated with different endotype-driven inflammatory responses. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand how these factors regulate mucin hypersecretion to provide precise treatment strategies for different endotypes of CRS. BODY: Thus far, the most common endotypes of CRS are classified as type 1, type 2, or type 3 immune responses based on innate and adaptive cell-mediated effector immunity, and the representative Th cytokines in these immune responses, such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-22, play an important regulatory role in mucin secretion. We reviewed all the related literature in the PubMed database to determine the expression of these Th cytokines in CRS and the role they play in the regulation of mucin secretion. CONCLUSION We believe that the main Th cytokines involved in specific endotypes of CRS play a key role in regulating abnormal mucin secretion, which contributes to better understanding of the pathogenesis of CRS and provides therapeutic targets for airway inflammatory diseases associated with mucin hypersecretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxue Zhai
- Second Clinical Medicine CollegeBinzhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
| | - Liting Shao
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
| | - Zhaoyang Lu
- Second Clinical Medicine CollegeBinzhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
| | - Yujuan Yang
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
| | - Huikang Wang
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
| | - Haoran Lu
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
| | - Xicheng Song
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
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3
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Ueno K, Miyazaki Y. Detrimental impact of the IL-33/ST2 axis in an animal infection model with Cryptococcus neoformans. Allergol Int 2023; 72:530-536. [PMID: 37482531 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are pathogenic fungi that infect the human respiratory system and cause life-threatening pulmonary cryptococcosis. The immunopathology of cryptococcosis is completely different from that of other fungal allergies. In murine cryptococcal infection models, cryptococcal cells are usually injected via nasal or intratracheal routes. After the infection, the alveolar epithelial cells are impaired and release IL-33, an IL-1 family cytokine that functions as an alarmin. This cytokine detrimentally amplifies allergic responses, and also induces a protective immune response against parasitic infection. In the pulmonary cryptococcosis model, type-II alveolar epithelial cells are the major source of IL-33, and the alveolar epithelial cells, ILC2, and Th2 cells express the IL-33 receptor (ST2). In IL-33- or ST2-deficient mice, allergy-like immune responses are attenuated after the C. neoformans infection. The numbers of ILC2 and Th2 cells and the levels of type 2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, are decreased in the mouse lungs in both models. In association with these changes, total blood IgE, bronchus mucus production, and the number of eosinophils are decreased. Conversely, lung neutrophils and M1-type macrophages are increased. These are protective immune subsets suppressing cryptococcal growth. As a result, the lung fungal burden of IL-33- and ST2-deficient mice is decreased post-infection, and both deficient mice show significantly improved mortality. This pathogenesis varies depending on the cryptococcal and murine strains used in the animal experiments. Here, we overview and discuss the itmmunopathology of the IL-33/ST2 axis in a murine lethal cryptococcal infection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Ueno
- Department of Fungal Infection, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoshitsugu Miyazaki
- Department of Fungal Infection, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Skipper CP, Schleiss MR. Cytomegalovirus viremia and advanced HIV disease: is there an argument for anti-CMV treatment? Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2023; 21:227-233. [PMID: 36691835 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2172400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection as a co-factor in HIV disease has been a topic of considerable interest since the beginning of the HIV pandemic. CMV is believed to function both as a co-factor in the progression of HIV infection, and as a contributor to enhanced disease for other opportunistic infections. AREAS COVERED In this special article, we review several recent studies that have enhanced our understanding of the role that CMV infection plays in the natural history of other HIV-related opportunistic infections. We review the clinical evidence that demonstrates how CMV viremia has emerged as an independent risk factor for the progression of infections such as those caused by C. neoformans and M. tuberculosis. We outline the biological underpinnings of the various hypotheses by which CMV, as an immunomodulatory virus, may modify the natural history of HIV-related infections. EXPERT OPINION Evidence suggests that active CMV replication, manifest as CMV viremia (DNAemia), may play a key role in driving progression of HIV-associated opportunistic infections. We propose that control of CMV replication, independent of the known benefit of HAART therapy on reducing CMV end-organ disease, could reduce the risk of disease and mortality attributable to opportunistic infections such as cryptococcosis and tuberculosis. This could be achieved by the targeted use of CMV antivirals. The advent of newer (and safer) orally bioavailable CMV antivirals has renewed interest in, and opportunities for, randomized controlled trials to evaluate CMV viremia as a modifiable risk factor in high-risk persons with HIV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb P Skipper
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mark R Schleiss
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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5
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Sato K, Kawakami K. Mouse Model of Latent Cryptococcal Infection and Reactivation. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2667:87-98. [PMID: 37145277 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3199-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractCryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that frequently causes fatal meningoencephalitis in patients with impaired immune responses. This fungus, an intracellularly growing microbe, evades host immunity, leading to a latent infection (latent C. neoformans infection: LCNI), and cryptococcal disease is developed by its reactivation when host immunity is suppressed. Elucidation of the pathophysiology of LCNI is difficult due to the lack of mouse models. Here we show the established methods for LCNI and reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Sato
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Kazuyoshi Kawakami
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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6
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Sato K, Kawakami K. PAMPs and Host Immune Response in Cryptococcal Infection. Med Mycol J 2022; 63:133-138. [DOI: 10.3314/mmj.22.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ko Sato
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kazuyoshi Kawakami
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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7
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Rathore SS, Sathiyamoorthy J, Lalitha C, Ramakrishnan J. A holistic review on Cryptococcus neoformans. Microb Pathog 2022; 166:105521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Sato K, Matsumoto I, Suzuki K, Tamura A, Shiraishi A, Kiyonari H, Kasamatsu J, Yamamoto H, Miyasaka T, Tanno D, Miyahara A, Zong T, Kagesawa T, Oniyama A, Kawamura K, Kitai Y, Umeki A, Kanno E, Tanno H, Ishii K, Tsukita S, Kawakami K. Deficiency of lung-specific claudin-18 leads to aggravated infection with Cryptococcus deneoformans through dysregulation of the microenvironment in lungs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21110. [PMID: 34702961 PMCID: PMC8548597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00708-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus deneoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that infects the lungs via airborne transmission and frequently causes fatal meningoencephalitis. Claudins (Cldns), a family of proteins with 27 members found in mammals, form the tight junctions within epithelial cell sheets. Cldn-4 and 18 are highly expressed in airway tissues, yet the roles of these claudins in respiratory infections have not been clarified. In the present study, we analyzed the roles of Cldn-4 and lung-specific Cldn-18 (luCldn-18) in host defense against C. deneoformans infection. luCldn-18-deficient mice exhibited increased susceptibility to pulmonary infection, while Cldn-4-deficient mice had normal fungal clearance. In luCldn-18-deficient mice, production of cytokines including IFN-γ was significantly decreased compared to wild-type mice, although infiltration of inflammatory cells including CD4+ T cells into the alveolar space was significantly increased. In addition, luCldn-18 deficiency led to high K+ ion concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and also to alveolus acidification. The fungal replication was significantly enhanced both in acidic culture conditions and in the alveolar spaces of luCldn-18-deficient mice, compared with physiological pH conditions and those of wild-type mice, respectively. These results suggest that luCldn-18 may affect the clinical course of cryptococcal infection indirectly through dysregulation of the alveolar space microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Sato
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. .,Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Ikumi Matsumoto
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Koya Suzuki
- Laboratory of Biological Science and Laboratory of Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age and Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamura
- Laboratory of Biological Science and Laboratory of Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aki Shiraishi
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jun Kasamatsu
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hideki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Institute of Research Promotion, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Miyasaka
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Daiki Tanno
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Anna Miyahara
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tong Zong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kagesawa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akiho Oniyama
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kotone Kawamura
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuki Kitai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Aya Umeki
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Emi Kanno
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanno
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Keiko Ishii
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tsukita
- Laboratory of Biological Science and Laboratory of Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kawakami
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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9
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Abstract
Introduction: Innate immunity is armed with interferons (IFNs) that link innate immunity to adaptive immunity to generate long-term and protective immune responses against invading pathogens and tumors. However, regulation of IFN production is crucial because chronic IFN responses can have deleterious effects on both antitumor and antimicrobial immunity in addition to provoking autoinflammatory or autoimmune conditions.Areas covered: Here, we focus on the accumulated evidence on antimicrobial and antitumor activities of type I and II IFNs. We first summarize the intracellular and intercellular mechanisms regulating IFN production and signaling. Then, we discuss the mechanisms modulating the dual nature of IFNs for both antitumor and antimicrobial immune responses. Finally, we review the detrimental role of IFNs for induction of autoinflammation and autoimmunity.Expert opinion: The current evidence suggests that the dual role of IFNs for antimicrobial and antitumor immunity is dependent not only on the timing, administration route, and dose of IFNs but also on the type of pathogen/tumor. Therefore, we think that combinatorial therapies involving IFN-inducing adjuvants and immune-checkpoint blockers may offer therapeutic potential, especially for cancer, whereas infectious, autoinflammatory or autoimmune diseases require fine adjustment of timing, dose, and route of the administration for candidate IFN-based vaccines or immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Temizoz
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research (CVAR), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
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10
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Cryptococcus neoformans CAP10 Gene Regulates the Immune Response in Mice. J Mycol Med 2021; 31:101160. [PMID: 34311225 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2021.101160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The capsule associated protein 10 gene (CAP10) is indispensable to the formation of the polysaccharide capsule, and is closely associated with Cryptococcus (C.) neoformans virulence. In this study, we designed the shRNA expression plasmid to interfere with the synthesis of CAP10 gene. We infected mice with yeast cells in the respiratory tract, and monitored the development of infections in lung tissues. Results showed that the cap10-shRNA group may alleviate pathological lesions in pulmonary C. neoformans infection, and a lower degree of inflammatory cells was observed in the cap10-shRNA group. Moreover, the fungal burden was significantly lower in the cap10-shRNA group, indicating that the clearance towards C. neoformans was somehow affected. Down-regulation of CAP10 was beneficial to the balance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg ratios. Collectively, our results showed that the expression of CAP10 was associated with an antifungal immune response in mice, suggesting that CAP10 regulates the inflammatory response. Therefore, we expect that the CAP10 gene will become a new molecular therapeutic target in cryptococcosis treatment.
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11
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Wang X, Caffrey-Carr AK, Liu KW, Espinosa V, Croteau W, Dhingra S, Rivera A, Cramer RA, Obar JJ. MDA5 Is an Essential Sensor of a Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Associated with Vitality That Is Necessary for Host Resistance against Aspergillus fumigatus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:3058-3070. [PMID: 33087405 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RIG-I-like receptors (RLR) are cytosolic RNA sensors that signal through the MAVS adaptor to activate IFN responses against viruses. Whether the RLR family has broader effects on host immunity against other pathogen families remains to be fully explored. In this study, we demonstrate that MDA5/MAVS signaling was essential for host resistance against pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus challenge through the regulation of antifungal leukocyte responses in mice. Activation of MDA5/MAVS signaling was driven by dsRNA from live A. fumigatus serving as a key vitality-sensing pattern recognition receptor. Interestingly, induction of type I IFNs after A. fumigatus challenge was only partially dependent on MDA5/MAVS signaling, whereas type III IFN expression was entirely dependent on MDA5/MAVS signaling. Ultimately, type I and III IFN signaling drove the expression of CXCL10. Furthermore, the MDA5/MAVS-dependent IFN response was critical for the induction of optimal antifungal neutrophil killing of A. fumigatus spores. In conclusion, our data broaden the role of the RLR family to include a role in regulating antifungal immunity against A. fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Alayna K Caffrey-Carr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59718; and
| | - Ko-Wei Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Vanessa Espinosa
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Walburga Croteau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Sourabh Dhingra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Amariliz Rivera
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Robert A Cramer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Joshua J Obar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756;
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12
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Sato K, Yamamoto H, Nomura T, Kasamatsu J, Miyasaka T, Tanno D, Matsumoto I, Kagesawa T, Miyahara A, Zong T, Oniyama A, Kawamura K, Yokoyama R, Kitai Y, Ishizuka S, Kanno E, Tanno H, Suda H, Morita M, Yamamoto M, Iwakura Y, Ishii K, Kawakami K. Production of IL-17A at Innate Immune Phase Leads to Decreased Th1 Immune Response and Attenuated Host Defense against Infection with Cryptococcus deneoformans. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:686-698. [PMID: 32561568 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
IL-17A is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by many types of innate immune cells and Th17 cells and is involved in the elimination of extracellularly growing microorganisms, yet the role of this cytokine in the host defense against intracellularly growing microorganisms is not well known. Cryptococcus deneoformans is an opportunistic intracellular growth fungal pathogen that frequently causes fatal meningoencephalitis in patients with impaired immune responses. In the current study, we analyzed the role of IL-17A in the host defense against C. deneoformans infection. IL-17A was quickly produced by γδT cells at an innate immune phase in infected lungs. In IL-17A gene-disrupted mice, clearance of this fungal pathogen and the host immune response mediated by Th1 cells were significantly accelerated in infected lungs compared with wild-type mice. Similarly, killing of this fungus and production of inducible NO synthase and TNF-α were significantly enhanced in IL-17A gene-disrupted mice. In addition, elimination of this fungal pathogen, Th1 response, and expression of IL-12Rβ2 and IFN-γ in NK and NKT cells were significantly suppressed by treatment with rIL-17A. The production of IL-12p40 and TNF-α from bone marrow-derived dendritic cells stimulated with C. deneoformans was significantly suppressed by rIL-17A. In addition, rIL-17A attenuated Th1 cell differentiation in splenocytes from transgenic mice highly expressing TCR for mannoprotein 98, a cryptococcal Ag, upon stimulation with recombinant mannoprotein 98. These data suggest that IL-17A may be involved in the negative regulation of the local host defense against C. deneoformans infection through suppression of the Th1 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Sato
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan;
| | - Hideki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nomura
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Jun Kasamatsu
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Miyasaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-0905, Japan
| | - Daiki Tanno
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ikumi Matsumoto
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kagesawa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Anna Miyahara
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tong Zong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akiho Oniyama
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kotone Kawamura
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Rin Yokoyama
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yuki Kitai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shigenari Ishizuka
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Emi Kanno
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanno
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiromi Suda
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan; and
| | - Masanobu Morita
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan; and
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan; and
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Keiko Ishii
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kawakami
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
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13
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Riedelberger M, Penninger P, Tscherner M, Hadriga B, Brunnhofer C, Jenull S, Stoiber A, Bourgeois C, Petryshyn A, Glaser W, Limbeck A, Lynes MA, Schabbauer G, Weiss G, Kuchler K. Type I Interferons Ameliorate Zinc Intoxication of Candida glabrata by Macrophages and Promote Fungal Immune Evasion. iScience 2020; 23:101121. [PMID: 32428860 PMCID: PMC7232100 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Host and fungal pathogens compete for metal ion acquisition during infectious processes, but molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we show that type I interferons (IFNs-I) dysregulate zinc homeostasis in macrophages, which employ metallothionein-mediated zinc intoxication of pathogens as fungicidal response. However, Candida glabrata can escape immune surveillance by sequestering zinc into vacuoles. Interestingly, zinc-loading is inhibited by IFNs-I, because a Janus kinase 1 (JAK1)-dependent suppression of zinc homeostasis affects zinc distribution in macrophages as well as generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, systemic fungal infections elicit IFN-I responses that suppress splenic zinc homeostasis, thereby altering macrophage zinc pools that otherwise exert fungicidal actions. Thus, IFN-I signaling inadvertently increases fungal fitness both in vitro and in vivo during fungal infections. Our data reveal an as yet unrecognized role for zinc intoxication in antifungal immunity and suggest that interfering with host zinc homeostasis may offer therapeutic options to treat invasive fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Riedelberger
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Penninger
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Tscherner
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Hadriga
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carina Brunnhofer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabrina Jenull
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anton Stoiber
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christelle Bourgeois
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andriy Petryshyn
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Glaser
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Limbeck
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael A Lynes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, CT, USA
| | - Gernot Schabbauer
- Institute for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Guenter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, and Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karl Kuchler
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria.
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14
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Seoane PI, Taylor-Smith LM, Stirling D, Bell LCK, Noursadeghi M, Bailey D, May RC. Viral infection triggers interferon-induced expulsion of live Cryptococcus neoformans by macrophages. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008240. [PMID: 32106253 PMCID: PMC7046190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic human pathogen, which causes serious disease in immunocompromised hosts. Infection with this pathogen is particularly relevant in HIV+ patients, where it leads to around 200,000 deaths per annum. A key feature of cryptococcal pathogenesis is the ability of the fungus to survive and replicate within the phagosome of macrophages, as well as its ability to be expelled from host cells via a novel non-lytic mechanism known as vomocytosis. Here we show that cryptococcal vomocytosis from macrophages is strongly enhanced by viral coinfection, without altering phagocytosis or intracellular proliferation of the fungus. This effect occurs with distinct, unrelated human viral pathogens and is recapitulated when macrophages are stimulated with the anti-viral cytokines interferon alpha or beta (IFNα or IFNβ). Importantly, the effect is abrogated when type-I interferon signalling is blocked, thus underscoring the importance of type-I interferons in this phenomenon. Lastly, our data help resolve previous, contradictory animal studies on the impact of type I interferons on cryptococcal pathogenesis and suggest that secondary viral stimuli may alter patterns of cryptococcal dissemination in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula I. Seoane
- Institute of Microbiology & Infection and School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Leanne M. Taylor-Smith
- Institute of Microbiology & Infection and School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David Stirling
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy C. K. Bell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robin C. May
- Institute of Microbiology & Infection and School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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15
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Abstract
Respiratory fungal infection is a severe clinical problem, especially in patients with compromised immune functions. Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, Pneumocystis, and endemic fungi are major pulmonary fungal pathogens that are able to result in life-threatening invasive diseases. Growing data being reported have indicated that multiple cells and molecules orchestrate the host's response to a fungal infection in the lung. Upon fungal challenge, innate myeloid cells including macrophages, dendritic cells (DC), and recruited neutrophils establish the first line of defense through the phagocytosis and secretion of cytokines. Natural killer cells control the fungal expansion in the lung via the direct and indirect killing of invading organisms. Adaptive immune cells including Th1 and Th17 cells confer anti-fungal activity by producing their signature cytokines, interferon-γ, and IL-17. In addition, lung epithelial cells (LEC) also participate in the resistance against fungal infection by internalization, inflammatory cytokine production, or antimicrobial peptide secretion. In the host cells mentioned above, various molecules with distinct functions modulate the immune defense signaling: Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as dectin-1 expressed on the cell surface are involved in fungal recognition; adaptor proteins such as MyD88 and TRAF6 are required for transduction of signals to the nucleus for transcriptional regulation; inflammasomes also play crucial roles in the host's defense against a fungal infection in the lung. Furthermore, transcriptional factors modulate the transcriptions of a series of genes, especially those encoding cytokines and chemokines, which are predominant regulators in the infectious microenvironment, mediating the cellular and molecular immune responses against a fungal infection in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- The Joint Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou, China
- The Joint Center for Infection and Immunity, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Gen Lu
- The Joint Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangxun Meng
- The Joint Center for Infection and Immunity, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
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16
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Pulmonary Iron Limitation Induced by Exogenous Type I IFN Protects Mice from Cryptococcus gattii Independently of T Cells. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.00799-19. [PMID: 31213551 PMCID: PMC6581853 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00799-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii cause fatal infection in immunodeficient and immunocompetent individuals. While these fungi are sibling species, C. gattii infects very few AIDS patients, while C. neoformans infection is an AIDS-defining illness, suggesting that the host response to HIV selects C. neoformans over C. gattii. We used a viral mimic molecule (pICLC) to stimulate the immune response, and pICLC treatment improved mouse outcomes from both species. pICLC-induced action against C. neoformans was due to activation of well-defined immune pathways known to deter C. neoformans, whereas these immune pathways were dispensable for pICLC treatment of C. gattii. Since these immune pathways are eventually destroyed by HIV/AIDS, our data help explain why the antiviral immune response in AIDS patients is unable to control C. neoformans infection but is protective against C. gattii. Furthermore, pICLC induced tighter control of iron in the lungs of mice, which inhibited C. gattii, thus suggesting an entirely new mode of nutritional immunity activated by viral signals. Cryptococcus neoformans causes deadly mycosis primarily in AIDS patients, whereas Cryptococcus gattii infects mostly non-HIV patients, even in regions with high burdens of HIV/AIDS and an established environmental presence of C. gattii. As HIV induces type I IFN (t1IFN), we hypothesized that t1IFN would differentially affect the outcome of C. neoformans and C. gattii infections. Exogenous t1IFN induction using stabilized poly(I·C) (pICLC) improved murine outcomes in either cryptococcal infection. In C. neoformans-infected mice, pICLC activity was associated with C. neoformans containment and classical Th1 immunity. In contrast, pICLC activity against C. gattii did not require any immune factors previously associated with C. neoformans immunity: T, B, and NK cells, IFN-γ, and macrophages were all dispensable. Interestingly, C. gattii pICLC activity depended on β-2-microglobulin, which impacts iron levels among other functions. Iron supplementation reversed pICLC activity, suggesting C. gattii pICLC activity requires iron limitation. Also, pICLC induced a set of iron control proteins, some of which were directly inhibitory to cryptococcus in vitro, suggesting t1IFN regulates iron availability in the pulmonary air space fluids. Thus, exogenous induction of t1IFN significantly improves the outcome of murine infection by C. gattii and C. neoformans but by distinct mechanisms; the C. gattii effect was mediated by iron limitation, while the effect on C. neoformans infection was through induction of classical T-cell-dependent immunity. Together this difference in types of T-cell-dependent t1IFN immunity for different Cryptococcus species suggests a possible mechanism by which HIV infection may select against C. gattii but not C. neoformans.
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17
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Zhu T, Luo WT, Chen GH, Tu YS, Tang S, Deng HJ, Xu W, Zhang W, Qi D, Wang DX, Li CY, Li H, Wu YQ, Li SJ. Extent of Lung Involvement and Serum Cryptococcal Antigen Test in Non-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Adult Patients with Pulmonary Cryptococcosis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:2210-2215. [PMID: 30203796 PMCID: PMC6144838 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.240815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Serum cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) test is the most used noninvasive method to detect cryptococcal infection. However, false-negative CrAg test is not uncommon in clinical practice. Then, the aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with false-negative CrAg test among non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) adult patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis and its clinical features. Methods: One hundred and fourteen non-HIV adult patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis, proven by biopsy, were retrospectively reviewed. Finally, 85 patients were enrolled; 56 were CrAg positive (CrAg+ group) and 29 were negative (CrAg− group). It was a cross-sectional study. Then, baseline characteristics, underlying diseases, clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, and chest radiological findings were reviewed and analyzed. Chi-square test was used to analyze categorical variable. Odds ratio (OR) was used to measure correlation. Student's t-test was obtained to analyze continuous variable. Results: No difference in baseline characteristics, underlying diseases, clinical symptoms, and laboratory findings were found between two groups (P > 0.05 in all). Nevertheless, diffuse extent lesion was 82.1% in CrAg+ group and 10.3% in CrAg− group (χ2= 40.34, P < 0.001; OR = 39.87). Conclusions: Among patients with limited pulmonary involvement, a negative serum CrAg does not preclude the diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis. However, among patients with extensive pulmonary involvement, serum CrAg is a useful diagnostic tool for pulmonary cryptococcosis. Furthermore, we also noticed that the untypical and mild presentations with extensive pulmonary lesion might be the features of pulmonary cryptococcosis, which needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Wan-Ting Luo
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China
| | - Gui-Hua Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Yue-Sheng Tu
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China
| | - Shuo Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, China
| | - Huo-Jin Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Di Qi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Dao-Xin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Chang-Yi Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Yan-Qiao Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Shen-Jin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
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18
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Singanayagam A, Glanville N, Girkin JL, Ching YM, Marcellini A, Porter JD, Toussaint M, Walton RP, Finney LJ, Aniscenko J, Zhu J, Trujillo-Torralbo MB, Calderazzo MA, Grainge C, Loo SL, Veerati PC, Pathinayake PS, Nichol KS, Reid AT, James PL, Solari R, Wark PAB, Knight DA, Moffatt MF, Cookson WO, Edwards MR, Mallia P, Bartlett NW, Johnston SL. Corticosteroid suppression of antiviral immunity increases bacterial loads and mucus production in COPD exacerbations. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2229. [PMID: 29884817 PMCID: PMC5993715 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) have limited efficacy in reducing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations and increase pneumonia risk, through unknown mechanisms. Rhinoviruses precipitate most exacerbations and increase susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections. Here, we show that the ICS fluticasone propionate (FP) impairs innate and acquired antiviral immune responses leading to delayed virus clearance and previously unrecognised adverse effects of enhanced mucus, impaired antimicrobial peptide secretion and increased pulmonary bacterial load during virus-induced exacerbations. Exogenous interferon-β reverses these effects. FP suppression of interferon may occur through inhibition of TLR3- and RIG-I virus-sensing pathways. Mice deficient in the type I interferon-α/β receptor (IFNAR1-/-) have suppressed antimicrobial peptide and enhanced mucin responses to rhinovirus infection. This study identifies type I interferon as a central regulator of antibacterial immunity and mucus production. Suppression of interferon by ICS during virus-induced COPD exacerbations likely mediates pneumonia risk and raises suggestion that inhaled interferon-β therapy may protect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aran Singanayagam
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Nicholas Glanville
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Jason L Girkin
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Yee Man Ching
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Andrea Marcellini
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - James D Porter
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Marie Toussaint
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Ross P Walton
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Lydia J Finney
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Julia Aniscenko
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Jie Zhu
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Maria-Belen Trujillo-Torralbo
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Maria Adelaide Calderazzo
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Chris Grainge
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Su-Ling Loo
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Punnam Chander Veerati
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Prabuddha S Pathinayake
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Kristy S Nichol
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Andrew T Reid
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Phillip L James
- Genomic Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Cale Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Roberto Solari
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Miriam F Moffatt
- Genomic Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Cale Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - William O Cookson
- Genomic Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Cale Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Michael R Edwards
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Patrick Mallia
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Nathan W Bartlett
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia.
| | - Sebastian L Johnston
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
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19
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Oliveira LVN, Costa MC, Magalhães TFF, Bastos RW, Santos PC, Carneiro HCS, Ribeiro NQ, Ferreira GF, Ribeiro LS, Gonçalves APF, Fagundes CT, Pascoal-Xavier MA, Djordjevic JT, Sorrell TC, Souza DG, Machado AMV, Santos DA. Influenza A Virus as a Predisposing Factor for Cryptococcosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:419. [PMID: 29018774 PMCID: PMC5622999 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infects millions of people annually and predisposes to secondary bacterial infections. Inhalation of fungi within the Cryptococcus complex causes pulmonary disease with secondary meningo-encephalitis. Underlying pulmonary disease is a strong risk factor for development of C. gattii cryptococcosis though the effect of concurrent infection with IAV has not been studied. We developed an in vivo model of Influenza A H1N1 and C. gattii co-infection. Co-infection resulted in a major increase in morbidity and mortality, with severe lung damage and a high brain fungal burden when mice were infected in the acute phase of influenza multiplication. Furthermore, IAV alters the host response to C. gattii, leading to recruitment of significantly more neutrophils and macrophages into the lungs. Moreover, IAV induced the production of type 1 interferons (IFN-α4/β) and the levels of IFN-γ were significantly reduced, which can be associated with impairment of the immune response to Cryptococcus during co-infection. Phagocytosis, killing of cryptococci and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by IAV-infected macrophages were reduced, independent of previous IFN-γ stimulation, leading to increased proliferation of the fungus within macrophages. In conclusion, IAV infection is a predisposing factor for severe disease and adverse outcomes in mice co-infected with C. gattii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena V N Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marliete C Costa
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thaís F F Magalhães
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rafael W Bastos
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Patrícia C Santos
- Laboratório de Interação Micro-organismo Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Hellem C S Carneiro
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Noelly Q Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriella F Ferreira
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora-Campus Governador Valadares, Centro, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Lucas S Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Interação Micro-organismo Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana P F Gonçalves
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou (CPqRR)/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz Minas), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Caio T Fagundes
- Laboratório de Interação Micro-organismo Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Pascoal-Xavier
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou (CPqRR)/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz Minas), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Julianne T Djordjevic
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney and Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Tania C Sorrell
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney and Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniele G Souza
- Laboratório de Interação Micro-organismo Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M V Machado
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou (CPqRR)/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz Minas), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Santos
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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20
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Xia Y, Cai PC, Yu F, Xiong L, He XL, Rao SS, Chen F, Yang XP, Ma WL, Ye H. IL-4-induced caveolin-1-containing lipid rafts aggregation contributes to MUC5AC synthesis in bronchial epithelial cells. Respir Res 2017; 18:174. [PMID: 28931396 PMCID: PMC5607571 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0657-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mucus overproduction is an important feature of asthma. Interleukin (IL)-4 is required for allergen-induced airway inflammation and mucus production. MUC5AC gene expression is regulated by transcript factors NF-κB. The intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) signal is required for activation of NF-κB. The transient receptor potential canonical 1 (TRPC1) channel has been shown to contribute for agonist-stimulated Ca2+ influx in some types of cells. However, the relationships among IL-4, TRPC1 and mucus overproduction in bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) in asthma are poorly understood. Methods BECs were isolated from large bronchial airway of rats and used as cell model. To present changes of lipid raft, caveolin-1 and TRPC1, immunofluorescence staining and sucrose gradient centrifugation were performed. [Ca2+]i was measured after loading with Fura-2. NF-κB activities were measured by an ELISA-based assay. MUC5AC mRNA and protein levels were detected by real-time quantitative RT-PCR, ELISA analysis and immunofluorescence staining respectively. Results IL-4 induced Ca2+ influx in BECs, and this was blocked by a Ca2+ influx inhibitor (2-APB). 2-APB also prevented MUC5AC protein synthesis induced by IL-4. Depletion of extracellular Ca2+ resulted in partial decrease in expression of MUC5AC in IL-4 treated cells. NF-κB rather than STAT6 activation mediated IL-4-induced MUC5AC protein synthesis. Then the mechanism of Ca2+ influx was investigated. Immunofluorescence staining and sucrose gradient centrifugation revealed that caveolin-1-containing lipid rafts aggregation was involved in TRPC1 activation and Ca2+ influx in BECs. Lastly, the data revealed that blocking lipid rafts aggregation exactly prevented Ca2+ influx, NF-κB activation and MUC5AC synthesis induced by IL-4. Conclusions Our results indicate that IL-4-induced caveolin-1-containing lipid rafts aggregation at least partly contributes to MUC5AC synthesis in BECs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-017-0657-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xia
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin-Liang He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shan-Shan Rao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang-Ping Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wan-Li Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China. .,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Mora DJ, Ferreira-Paim K, Andrade-Silva LE, Bragine T, Rocha IH, Ribeiro BDM, Machado GH, Rodrigues Junior V, Silva-Teixeira DN, Meyer W, Silva-Vergara ML. Cytokine patterns in a prospective cohort of HIV-infected patients with cryptococcal meningitis following initiation of antifungal and antiretroviral therapy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176304. [PMID: 28486489 PMCID: PMC5423598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a life-threatening infection in HIV-infected patients, especially in resource-limited settings. Cytokine patterns in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and sera may be related to clinical outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate cytokine patterns in the CSF and sera of HIV-infected patients with CM as well as the cytokines produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) when stimulated with LPS and cryptococcal GXM. CSF and serum levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-17A, INF-γ, TNF-α and CXCL-10 were measured in HIV-infected patients with CM (CM+ HIV+) at various time points. Cytokine levels were evaluated in the PBMC culture supernatants and the baseline values were compared to those of HIV-infected patients without CM (CM- HIV+) and healthy controls (CM- HIV-). CSF cytokine levels at admission (n = 33) were higher than levels among the 23 survivors at week 2, but statistically significant differences were observed for IL-8 and IFN-γ (p<0.05). CSF and serum levels of IL-4 and IL-17A at week 10 (n = 16) were lower than the baseline values, whereas IL-2 levels increased compared to week 2 (p<0.05). At week 16 (n = 15), CSF and serum levels of IL-4, IL-10 and CXCL-10 were decreased compared to the baseline values (p<0.05). PBMCs from CM- HIV- individuals produced significantly higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines in response to LPS, with the exception of TNF-α, which showed higher levels among CM+ HIV+ patients. The PBMCs of CM patients produced higher levels of IL-4 than those of CM- HIV- patients in response to GXM stimulation, and levels progressively decreased during treatment (p<0.05). Then, a progressive shift in cytokine expression favoring a Th1 pattern was observed, which is crucial in controlling cryptococcal infection. A better understanding of the protective immune response against Cryptococcus neoformans will help to develop novel strategies to improve the outcomes of patients with cryptococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delio José Mora
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Kennio Ferreira-Paim
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Thatiane Bragine
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ivonete Helena Rocha
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Barbara de Melo Ribeiro
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - David Nascimento Silva-Teixeira
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wieland Meyer
- Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Marie Bashir Institute for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Sydney Medical School-Westmead Hospital, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Makris S, Paulsen M, Johansson C. Type I Interferons as Regulators of Lung Inflammation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:259. [PMID: 28344581 PMCID: PMC5344902 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses to lung infections must be tightly regulated in order to permit pathogen eradication while maintaining organ function. Exuberant or dysregulated inflammation can impair gas exchange and underlies many instances of lung disease. An important driver of inflammation in the lung is the interferon (IFN) response. Type I IFNs are antiviral cytokines that induce a large range of proteins that impair viral replication in infected cells. This cell-intrinsic action plays a crucial role in protecting the lungs from spread of respiratory viruses. However, type I IFNs have also recently been found to be central to the initiation of lung inflammatory responses, by inducing recruitment and activation of immune cells. This helps control virus burden but can cause detrimental immunopathology and contribute to disease severity. Furthermore, there is now increasing evidence that type I IFNs are not only induced after viral infections but also after infection with bacteria and fungi. The pro-inflammatory function of type I IFNs in the lung opens up the possibility of immune modulation directed against this antiviral cytokine family. In this review, the initiation and signaling of type I IFNs as well as their role in driving and maintaining lung inflammation will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Makris
- Section of Respiratory Infections, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Michelle Paulsen
- Section of Respiratory Infections, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Cecilia Johansson
- Section of Respiratory Infections, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London , London , UK
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